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JUEZ GUZMAN DA ULTIMATUM a KISSINGER Jorge Escalante, Primera Línea
JUEZ GUZMAN DA ULTIMATUM A KISSINGER Jorge Escalante, Primera Línea El personero norteamericano dijo hace algunas semanas en Estados Unidos que estaría dispuesto a responder preguntas sobre su participación como funcionario de Gobierno en los sucesos del golpe militar en Chile, pero cuestionó que un tribunal norteamericano o de otro país pueda investigar hechos "ocurridos hace tantos años". En un virtual ultimátum y "bajo apercibimiento de dar cuenta a la Excelentísima Corte Suprema" de Estados Unidos, el ministro de fuero Juan Guzmán Tapia le fijó al ex Secretario de Estado norteamericano Henry Kissinger, un plazo de 40 días para que finalmente responda el exhorto que le envió en julio de 2001 con las 17 preguntas acerca de su conocimiento en ese cargo en septiembre de 1973, sobre la ejecución en Chile del periodista estadounidense Charles Horman Lazar. El ministro Guzmán solicitó ayer en un escrito al presidente de la Corte Suprema de Chile, Mario Garrido, para que éste de curso por la vía diplomática al oficio Número 554-2002, por el cual advirtió a Kissinger del plazo fijado y de las consecuencias que deberá asumir si insiste en no responder el exhorto con las 17 preguntas que le fueron formuladas el 12 de julio de 2001. Kissinger dijo hace algunas semanas en Estados Unidos que estaría dispuesto a responder preguntas sobre su participación como Secretario de Estado en los sucesos del golpe militar en Chile, pero cuestionó que un tribunal norteamericano o de otro país -Francia y Argentina también lo han exhortado a responder por desaparecidos de la Operación Cóndor- pueda investigar hechos "ocurridos hace tantos años". -
The View from Havana: Chilean Exiles in Cuba and Early Resistance to Chile’S Dictatorship, 1973-1977
Tanya Harmer The view from Havana: Chilean exiles in Cuba and early resistance to Chile’s dictatorship, 1973-1977 Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Harmer, Tanya (2016) The view from Havana: Chilean exiles in Cuba and early resistance to Chile’s dictatorship, 1973-1977. Hispanic American Historical Review, 96 (1). pp. 109-146. ISSN 0018-2168 DOI: 10.1215/00182168-3423904 © 2016 Duke University Press This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/65296/ Available in LSE Research Online: February 2016 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final accepted version of the journal article. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. The view from Havana: Chilean Exiles in Cuba and Early Resistance to Chile’s Dictatorship, 1973-1977 Two days after the Chilean military coup on 11 September 1973, the first left-wing Chilean exiles reached Cuba. -
Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile a Dissertation Presented to the Faculty Of
Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Brad T. Eidahl December 2017 © 2017 Brad T. Eidahl. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile by BRAD T. EIDAHL has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Patrick M. Barr-Melej Professor of History Robert Frank Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT EIDAHL, BRAD T., Ph.D., December 2017, History Writing the Opposition: Power, Coercion, Legitimacy and the Press in Pinochet's Chile Director of Dissertation: Patrick M. Barr-Melej This dissertation examines the struggle between Chile’s opposition press and the dictatorial regime of Augusto Pinochet Ugarte (1973-1990). It argues that due to Chile’s tradition of a pluralistic press and other factors, and in bids to strengthen the regime’s legitimacy, Pinochet and his top officials periodically demonstrated considerable flexibility in terms of the opposition media’s ability to publish and distribute its products. However, the regime, when sensing that its grip on power was slipping, reverted to repressive measures in its dealings with opposition-media outlets. Meanwhile, opposition journalists challenged the very legitimacy Pinochet sought and further widened the scope of acceptable opposition under difficult circumstances. Ultimately, such resistance contributed to Pinochet’s defeat in the 1988 plebiscite, initiating the return of democracy. -
Kessler, Judd.Docx
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project JUDD KESSLER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: May 19, 2010 Copyright 2015 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Newark, New Jersey March 1938 Grandparents’ Generation – Eastern Europe, Latvia Parents Occupations Vibrant Neighborhood Education Oberlin College, Ohio President of Student Council Levels of Anti-Semitism Harvard Law Favorite Professor Henry Hart, Jr. Law Office Internship Army Reserve Sojourn to Europe Return to Law Office Joined Agency for International Development October 1966 East Asia Bureau Attorney Advisor Philippine cement plant negotiations Latin America Bureau Negotiating loan agreements Chile, Regional Legal Advisor Spring 1969 Spanish Language Training Also covered Argentina, Bolivia Allende Wins Election Loan Management Difference White House and Embassy/AID Approach View of Christian Democrats Nationalization Changes Kessler’s Focus Role of OPIC Insurance Ambassador Korry’s Cables on Allende 1 Negative Embassy Reporting Ambassador Korry Tries to Negotiate Nationalizations Ambassador Nathanial Davis Arrives at Post October 1971 Chilean Economic Problems, Political Tension Appointed Acting AID Director April 1973 Coup Overthrows Allende Sept 1973 Post-Coup search for Charles Horman Post-Coup Economic Policies Human Rights Circumstances Ambassador David Popper Arrives at Post Feb 1974 Stories of Allende’s Death Senator Kennedy’s Interest in A Nutritionist Supporting the Chicago Boys Undersecretary -
Las Vigilias De Allende, Pinochet, Merino Y Ligh
Las vigilias de Allende, Pinochet, Merino y Leigh La sangre de los generales Por Ascanio Cavallo y Margarita Serrano* Martes 11 de septiembre, 00 horas Los Dominicos La gasolina. Maldita gasolina: tan explosiva, tan esquiva. Por estos días parece más escasa que nunca, aunque se podría decir que la atmósfera del país está cargada de gases inflamables. Para completar la figura, los distribuidores de combustible han paralizado, en protesta contra la política de racionamiento del gobierno, que fija una venta máxima de 10 litros por auto. Un tercio del personal de la Escuela de Suboficiales está dedicado a vigilar las gasolineras. Así se lo ha detallado el coronel Julio Canessa, director de la escuela, al general Augusto Pinochet en su primera visita como comandante en jefe del Ejército a la unidad ubicada en Blanco Encalada, en la mañana del 24 de agosto de 1973. Canessa (1), un hombre bajo y recio, está exasperado con el desorden del país; el desabastecimiento que puebla de hileras los comercios de Santiago, tiene en su caso una cara aún más ingrata, porque sus subalternos deben pasar en las calles en tareas de vigilancia. Por eso trata de escrutar si el nuevo comandante en jefe está dispuesto a hacer algo; el único comentario que recibe es enigmático: Paciencia. No están los tiempos para confiar en nadie. Ahora se acerca la medianoche del lunes 10 de septiembre y mientras camina hacia la puerta de salida de la casa de su hija Lucía, en Los Dominicos, el general Pinochet vuelve a recordar que la gasolina es un maldito problema. -
Jorge Magasich Airola Los Que Dijeron No. Historia Del Movimiento De Los Marinos Antigolpistas De 1973
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistas Académicas de la Universidad de Chile RESEÑAS Jorge Magasich Airola Los que dijeron No. Historia del movimiento de los marinos antigolpistas de 1973. Santiago, Lom Ediciones, 2008, 2 volúmenes, 902 págs. ISBN 978-956-282-969-4 El colega e historiador chileno radicado en Bélgica, Doctor en Historia por la Universidad Libre de Bruselas y académico del Institut des Hautes Études des Communications Sociales (Bruselas), Jorge Magasich Airola, me ha obsequiado su último trabajo intitulado Los que dijeron No. Historia del movimiento de los marinos antigolpistas de 1973. Motivado por la conversación con Jorge Magasich y por la lectura misma del libro, osaré reseñar el trabajo antes citado. A manera de presentación, ¿qué podemos decir y comentar? Desde el punto de vista formal y estructura del trabajo (más allá de la introducción y conclusiones) en sus más de 800 páginas distribuidas en VII capítulos y en dos volúmenes hay un profuso e interesan- tísimo trabajo de fuentes y bibliografía, entre las cuales podemos mencionar la revisión de los procesos judiciales, prensa de la época, memorias, y entrevistas (historia oral) a los protagonistas directos (uniformados y civiles) de los hechos. Pero además de aquello, el trabajo de Magasich Airola nos introduce en la historia más reciente de nuestro país y espe- cíficamente en uno de los episodios olvidados y tergiversados de nuestra historia reciente, como es el caso del movimiento de los marinos antigolpistas de 1973. En ese contexto, durante muchos años, gran parte de la población y en forma especial las nuevas generaciones se fueron formando bajo el alero de lo que algunos denominaron “la historia y memoria oficial de Chile de los últimos años”, donde estos dos componentes, memoria e historia, convergían en un solo pensamiento, el de carácter oficial e institucional. -
Strange Bedfellows at the End of the Cold War: the Letelier Assassination, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty.”
H-Diplo H-Diplo Article Review 893 on “Strange Bedfellows at the End of the Cold War: the Letelier Assassination, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty.” Discussion published by George Fujii on Tuesday, October 29, 2019 H-Diplo Article Review No. 893 29 October 2019 Article Review Editors: Diane Labrosse and Seth Offenbach Production Editor: George Fujii Alan McPherson. “Strange Bedfellows at the End of the Cold War: the Letelier Assassination, Human Rights, and State Sovereignty.” Cold War History (1 April 2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2019.1583212. URL: https://hdiplo.org/to/AR893 Review by Stephen G. Rabe, University of Oregon Over the past two decades, Alan McPherson, the Thomas J. Freaney, Jr. Professor of History at Temple University, has established himself as a preeminent scholar of inter-American relations. He has written or edited eleven books in the field. His most notable achievement has been his award- winning study, The Invaded: How Latin Americans and their Allies Fought and Ended U.S. Occupations (2014).[1] McPherson, who is fluent in Spanish and French, conducted multi-archival research in the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, France, the United Kingdom, and the United States and read a variety of Latin American newspapers, including those from Haiti. His forthcoming book is Ghosts of Sheridan Circle: How a Washington Assassination Brought Pinochet’s Terror State to Justice, which will be published by the University of North Carolina Press. The article under review here explores themes that are fully developed in the book. As in McPherson’s previous articles and books, this article demonstrates the author’s command of the published scholarly literature and his willingness to conduct multi-archival research. -
La Dictadura Militar Chilena, Los Exiliados Y Cuba Ante El
Germán Alburquerque, Andrés Figueroa, María Jesús Fuenzalida, Felipe Roco, La dictadura militar chilena, los exiliados y Cuba ante el Movimiento de Países No Alineados: actores estatales y no estatales en la arena internacional, Izquierdas, 38, febrero 2018: 39-60 La dictadura militar chilena, los exiliados y Cuba ante el Movimiento de Países No Alineados: actores estatales y no estatales en la arena internacional. The Chilean Military Dictatorship, Political Exiles, and Cuba in the Non- Aligned Movement: State and Non-state Actors in the International Arena Germán Alburquerque Andrés Figueroa María Jesús Fuenzalida Felipe Roco Resumen: El artículo reconstruye la disputa por el lugar de Chile en el Movimiento de Países No Alineados que sostuvieron el gobierno de Augusto Pinochet y un grupo de exiliados conocido como Resistencia Chilena. Se intenta probar, primero, que los exiliados, concebidos como un actor internacional no estatal, contribuyeron, con ayuda de Cuba, a mantener excluido del Movimiento al gobierno militar; segundo, que la dictadura flexibilizó su política exterior en su vano intento por ser readmitida. Palabras clave: Dictadura militar; Exiliados; Actores no estatales; Chile; Cuba; Movimiento de Países No Alineados. Abstract: The article reconstructs the dispute over Chile’s position in the Non-Aligned Movement, between Augusto Pinochet’s military government and a group of exiles known as Chilean Resistance. The article aims to show, first, that the exiles –conceived as an international non-state actor– contributed, with the support of Cuba, to keep the military Chileno, autor principal. Doctor en Historia (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), investigador de la Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Centro de Estudios Políticos, Culturales y Sociales de América Latina, EPOCAL. -
El Pronunciamiento Militar De 1973
EL PRONUNCIAMIENTO MILITAR DE 1973: FUNDAMENTOS Y ANTECEDENTES* PATRICIO CARVAJAL PRADO Ministro de Defensa Nacional ISMAEL HUERTA DíAZ Rector de la Universidad Federico Santa María l. PRESENTACIÓN DE LOS CONFERENCIANTES A) PALABRAS DEL DIRECTOR DEL SEMINARIO, SEÑOR ARTURO FoNTAINE ALDUNATE. La presentación oficial de nuestros invitados .Ja hará el señor Director del Instituto de Ciencia Política. Sólo deseo decirles que estamos en presencia de un verdadero privile gio y de u~ honor al tener con nosotros al se~or Ministro de Defensa Nacional, Vicealmirante Patricio Carvajal Prado, uno de los principales protagonistas de la operación militar del l l de septiembre de f973,funto con Ismael Huerta Díaz, nuestro querido amigo y compañero de trabajo aquí, quien, a su vez, tuvo un papel muy brillante como Ministro de Estado y como Vicealmirante d~r"ante" todo el proceso eri análisis. En consecuencia, para este curso es una enorme satisfacción contar, ya no con la visión de un periodista, que mira los hechos un poco de lejos y más movido por la curiosidad que por la inteligencia, sino con la del protagonis ta real, del actor, del que participa en el suceso. Es todo lo que quería decir .. Muchas gracias. * Texlo de la conferencia dictada por los Vicealmirantes Patricio Carvajal Prado e Ismael Huerta Diaz en el seminario "Evolución Política de Chile 1964-1980" organizado por el Instituto de Ciencia Política de la Universidad de Chile y a cargo del profesor Arturo Fontaine Aldunate. 94 PATRICIO CARVAJAL PRADO E ISMAEL HUERTA DIAZ B) PALABRAS DEL DIRECTOR DF.L INSTITCTO DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA, SEÑOR GusTAvo CcEvAs FARREN No quiero tomar más tiempo del necesario, a fin de que nuestros distinguidos invitados puedan comenzar pronto sus exposiciones. -
The Rules of the Game: Allende's Chile, the United States and Cuba, 1970-1973
The Rules of the Game: Allende’s Chile, the United States and Cuba, 1970-1973. Tanya Harmer London School of Economics and Political Science February 2008 Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in International History, Department of international History, LSE. Word Count (excluding bibliography): 99,984. 1 UMI Number: U506B05 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U506305 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Ti4es^ 5 F m Library British Litiwy o* Pivam* and Economic Sc«kk* li 3 5 \ q g Abstract This thesis is an international history of Chile and inter-American relations during the presidency of Salvador Allende. On the one hand, it investigates the impact external actors and international affairs had on Chilean politics up to and immediately following the brutal coup d’etat that overthrew Allende on 11 September 1973. On the other hand, it explores how the rise and fall of Allende’s peaceful democratic road to socialism affected the Cold War in Latin America and international affairs beyond. -
The Crisis of the Chilean Socialist Party (Psch) in 1979
UNIVERSITY OF LONDON 1 1 INSTITUTE OF LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES WORKING PAPERS The Crisis of the Chilean Socialist Party (PSCh) in 1979 Carmelo Furci The Crisis of the Chilean Socialist Party (PSCh) in 1979 Carmelo Furci Honorary Research Fellow Institute of Latin American Studies, London University of London Institute of Latin American Studies 31 Tavistock Square, London WC1H 9HA Editorial Committee Dr. George Philip Dr. Leslie Bethell Miss Daphne Rodger ISBN 0 901145 56 4 ISSN 0142-1875 THE CRISIS OF THE CHILEAN SOCIALIST PARTY (PSCh) IN 1979* Introduction After Chile's military coup of September 1973, the Partido Socialista de Chile (PSCh) almost disintegrated; and the disputes of the various underground centres that emerged after the coup did not help to restore the credibility of the party. By 1979, through a series of splits, expulsions, and disagreements between the organisation underground in Chile and the segment of the party in exile, the PSCh went through the most serious crisis of its history, which had already been dominated by many divisions and disagreements over its political strategy. From 1979 to the present, the existence of a variety of Socialist 'parties', with only one having a solid underground apparatus in Chile — the PSCh led by Clodomiro Almeyda, former Foreign Secretary of Allende — prevented a more successful and effective unity of the Chilean left, and thus a more credible political alternative of power to the military regime of General Pinochet. This paper will focus on the process that took the PSCh to its deepest crisis, in 1979, attempting a reconstruction of the schisms and disputes in organisational as well as political terms and an explanation of the reasons behind them. -
A Tale of Two Chileans: Pinochet and Allende By
A Tale of Two Chileans: Pinochet and Allende by Robin Harris Published by Chilean Supporters Abroad Chilean Supporters Abroad is a group of people in Britain and elsewhere who have come together to raise the funds for this paper by Robin Harris which has been sent to opinion- formers in Britain and abroad.. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author. If you would like to receive additional copies, please write enclosing a cheque for £9.99, made out to Chilean Supporters Abroad, to: Chilean Supporters Abroad Box Number 50 235 Earls Court Road London SW5 9FE A Tale of Two Chileans: Pinochet and Allende by Robin Harris Contents Introduction Chapter One The Gathering Storm Chapter Two Allende’s Programme - "Total, Scientific, Marxist Socialism" Chapter Three The Attack on the Constitution Chapter Four The Problem of Resistance Chapter Five Background to the Marxist "Self-Coup" Chapter Six The Battle for Chile Chapter Seven Pinochet’s Achievement Appendices: Appendix A: Violent Deaths under Allende (Reproduced from pp 81-84, The White Book of the Change of Government in Chile, 11 September 1973. Printed by Empresa Editora Nacional “Gabriela Mistral”.) Appendix B: "Plan Z” (Reproduced from pp 56-63, The White Book of the Change of Government in Chile, 11 September 1973. Printed by Empresa Editora Nacional “Gabriela Mistral”.) Published by Chilean Supporters Abroad "The military saved Chile....!" The following is an extract from an interview with the Spanish newspaper ABC, published on 10 October 1973, given by the former Chilean President, Eduardo Frei. He was commenting on the widespread misrepresentation and misunderstanding of the situation in Chile under Allende, and explaining why the military took power: "People cannot imagine in Europe how ruined [Chile under Allende] was.