DOCSLIB.ORG

Complete Dissertation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Complete Dissertation VU Research Portal Sustainability and Quality of Life Vonk, M.A. 2011 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Vonk, M. A. (2011). Sustainability and Quality of Life: A Study on the Religious Worldviews, Values and Environmental Impact of Amish, Hutterite, Franciscan and Benedictine Communities. Buijten & Schipperheijn Motief. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 27. Sep. 2021 Sustainability and Quality of Life A STUDY ON THE RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEWS, VALUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AMISH, HUTTERITE, FRANCISCAN AND BENEDICTINE COMMUNITIES Martine Vonk 1 ISBN !"#-!$-%##&-%'$-' (thesis) ISBN !"#-!$-%##&-%'&-( (trade edition) © )*++ Martine Vonk Omslagontwerp: Buijten & Schipperheijn, Amsterdam Pictures at the cover: Trappists in Echt, Netherlands (picture owned by Livar) and Amish- barnraising, Ohio, USA (picture made by Klaas-Hemke van Meekeren). 2 ,-./0 12.,0-3.40.4 Sustainability and Quality of Life A STUDY ON THE RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEWS, VALUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF AMISH, HUTTERITE, FRANCISCAN AND BENEDICTINE COMMUNITIES 565708.369 :-;0<369-.<4 ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magni=cus prof.dr. L.M. Bouter, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van de promotiecommissie van de faculteit der Aard- en Levenswetenschappen op dinsdag )+ juni )*++ om +>.?@ uur in de aula van de universiteit, De Boelelaan ++*@ door Martine Anita Vonk geboren te Gorinchem 3 promotor: prof.dr. J.J. Boersema copromotor: prof.dr. P. Ester 4 Table of content Acknowledgements . A Chapter 1 Exploring the relation between religion and sustainability . 11 +.+ Introduction . ++ +.) Debate on Christian thinking and the ‘ecological crisis’ . +? +.).+ White’s thesis . +? +.).) Dominium texts . +B +.).> Christianity and Western development . +C +.).? Discussion . +A +.> Surveys on religion and environmental behaviour . )* +.>.+ Surveys on White’s thesis . )* +.>.) Denominations and religious beliefs . )+ +.>.> Environmental attitudes and behaviour . )) +.>.? Discussion . )> +.? Research design . )@ +.?.+. Religious worldview, values and sustainability . )@ +.?.) Aim and research questions . )D +.?.> Research groups . )C +.@ Structure of the dissertation . >* Chapter 2 Theoretical perspective and methodology . 33 ).+ Introduction . >> ).) Community . >? ).> Religion and worldviews . >@ ).>.+ De=ning religion . >@ ).>.) Worldview . >B ).? Values and quality of life . >C ).?.+ De=ning values . >C ).?.) Quality of life . ?* ).@ Sustainability . ?) ).@.+ De=ning sustainability . ?) ).@.) Sustainability and quality . ?> ).@.> Measuring environmental impact . ?@ 5 ).B Methodology . ?D ).B.+ Participatory research: theory . ?D ).B.) Participatory research: practice . ?A Chapter 3 Amish and the challenge of reflective change . 57 >.+ Introduction . @D >.) Amish history and culture . @C >.> Amish religious worldview . B> >.>.+ Religion and rituals . B> >.>.) Values and cultural symbols . BB >.>.> Social structure and social capital . BA >.>.? ReEective change . D) >.? Amish economy . DB >.?.+ Agriculture . DD >.?.) Amish farming and the environment . C* >.?.> Business . C) >.?.? Economy and sustainability . C@ >.@ Sustainability and environmental impact . CB >.@.+ Energy use . CD >.@.) Transport . CA >.@.> Nutrition . A) >.@.? Environmental impact . A? >.B Amish worldview and sustainability . AB >.B.+ Clashing values . AB >.B.) Promising values . AC Chapter 4 Hutterite worldview and communal living . 101 ?.+ Introduction . +*+ ?.) Hutterite history and culture . +*) ?.> Hutterite religious worldview . +*B ?.>.+ Religion and rituals . +*B ?.>.) Values . +*A ?.>.> Social organisation and social capital . +++ ?.? Hutterite economy . ..
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Advances in Hutterian Scholarship
    Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies Volume 3 Issue 1 Special section: Education Article 8 2015 Advances in Hutterian Scholarship William L. Smith Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/amishstudies Part of the Anthropology Commons Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Recommended Citation Smith, William L. 2015. "Advances in Hutterian Scholarship." Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 3(1):124-29. This Review Essay is brought to you for free and open access by IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Review Essay Advances in Hutterian Scholarship Review of: Janzen, Rod, and Max Stanton. 2010. The Hutterites in North America. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. Review of: Katz, Yossi, and John Lehr. 2014[2012] Inside the Ark: The Hutterites in Canada and the United States [2nd ed.]. Regina, SK: University of Regina Press. By William L. Smith, Sociology, Georgia Southern University Certain elements of Hutterite life have changed significantly since the publication of Hutterian Brethren: The Agricultural Economy and Social Organization of a Communal People by John W. Bennett, Hutterite Society by John A. Hostetler, The Dynamics of Hutterite Society by Karl A. Peter, and The Hutterites in North America by John Hostetler and Gertrude Enders Huntington.
    [Show full text]
  • Hutterite Colonies in Montana Map
    Hutterite colonies in montana map Continue Three groups of Hutterites are located exclusively in the breadbasket or prairies of North America. Hutterites have subsisted almost entirely on agriculture since migrating to North America in 1874 which helps explain their geographical locations. All of Schmideleut's colonies are located in central North America, mainly in Manitoba and South Dakota. There are several colonies in North Dakota and Minnesota. Darius and Lehrer-leut are located in western North America, mainly in Saskatchewan, Alberta and Montana with spraying colonies in British Columbia, Washington and Oregon. Most colonies are located in Alberta (168), followed by Manitoba (107), Saskatchewan (60) and South Dakota (54). MB SK AB AB BC MT WA ND SD MN Totals Schmiedeleut 107 6 54 9 177 Dariusleut 29 98 2 15 5 1 149 Lehrerleut 1 31 69 35 135 Totals 107 60 168 2 50 5 5 54 9 462 A total of 462 colonies are scattered across the plains of North America. The total number of hutterites in NA hovers around 45,000. Approximately 75% of all Hutterites live in Canada, and the remaining 25% in the United States. The map below shows the distribution of Hutterite colonies in North America. Ethno-religious group since the 16th century; The community branch of the anabaptists HutteritesHutterite women at workTotal population50,000 (2020)FounderJacob HutterReligionsAnabaptistScripturesThe BibleLanguagesHutterite German, standard German, English Part of the series onAnabaptismDirk Willems (pictured) saves its pursuer. This act of mercy led to his
    [Show full text]
  • The Hutterites in Canada and the United States by Yossi Katz and John Lehr Rod Janzen Fresno Pacific Nu Iversity
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Great Plains Quarterly Great Plains Studies, Center for Fall 2013 Review of Inside the Ark: The Hutterites in Canada and the United States by Yossi Katz and John Lehr Rod Janzen Fresno Pacific nU iversity Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly Part of the American Studies Commons, Cultural History Commons, and the United States History Commons Janzen, Rod, "Review of Inside the Ark: The Hutterites in Canada and the United States by Yossi Katz and John Lehr" (2013). Great Plains Quarterly. 2563. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/greatplainsquarterly/2563 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Great Plains Studies, Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Plains Quarterly by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 258 GREAT PLAINS QUARTERLY, FALL 2013 and 2009. But this is also problematic, limiting what can be said about Hutterite history and the diversity of beliefs and practices across the North American Hutterite community. In the short his­ torical section, for example, the Hutterites are described as "Christian perfectionists," which is somewhat confusing since the word "perfection­ ism" usually implies Christian theological under­ standings not associated with the Hutterites. Even more disconcerting is the fact that the book is not really a general study of all branches of the contemporary Hutterite community. Of the 50,000-plus Hutterites in North America, for example, nearly two-thirds are members of the of­ ten more conservative Lehrerleut and Dariusleut Inside the Ark: The Hutterites in Canada and the branches (whose colonies are located primarily United States.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Supreme Court of the United States ______
    No. _______ In the Supreme Court of the United States __________ BIG SKY COLONY, INC., AND DANIEL E. WIPF, PETITIONERS v. MONTANA DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND INDUSTRY __________ ON PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF MONTANA __________ PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI __________ DOUGLAS LAYCOCK S. KYLE DUNCAN University of Virginia LUKE W. GOODRICH School of Law Counsel of Record 580 Massie Road ERIC C. RASSBACH Charlottesville, VA 22903 HANNAH C. SMITH JOSHUA D. HAWLEY RON A. NELSON DANIEL BLOMBERG MICHAEL P. TALIA The Becket Fund for Church, Harris, Religious Liberty Johnson & Williams 3000 K St., NW Ste. 220 114 3rd Street South Washington, DC 20007 Great Falls, MT 59403 (202) 955-0095 [email protected] Counsel for Petitioner QUESTIONS PRESENTED 1. Whether the Free Exercise Clause requires a plaintiff to demonstrate that the challenged law sin- gles out religious conduct or has a discriminatory mo- tive, as the First, Second, Fourth, and Eighth Cir- cuits and Montana Supreme Court have held, or whether it is instead sufficient to demonstrate that the challenged law treats a substantial category of nonreligious conduct more favorably than religious conduct, as the Third, Sixth, Tenth, and Eleventh Circuits and Iowa Supreme Court have held. 2. Whether the government regulates “an internal church decision” in violation of the Free Exercise Clause, Hosanna-Tabor Evangelical Lutheran Church & School v. EEOC, 132 S. Ct. 694 (2012), when it forces a religious community to provide workers’ compensation insurance to its members in violation of the internal rules governing the commu- nity and its members.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form 1
    FHR-8-300 (11-78) United States Department off the Interior Heritage Conservation and Recreation Service National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form See instructions in How to Complete National Register Forms { Type all entries complete applicable sections___ .__________ 1. Name historic TMr HistoricHi Hutterite Colonies Thematic 2. Location street & number multiple, see continuation sheets N/A not for publication city, town N/A- vicinity of congressional district state South Dakota code 45 county multiple code 3. Classification Category Ownership Status Present Use district public X occupied X agriculture museum _1_ building(s) X private Xf unoccupied commercial park structure both work in progress X educational X private residence JLsite Public Acquisition Accessible entertainment X religious object N/A in process X yes: restricted government scientific being considered yes; unrestricted industrial transportation no military other: 4. Owner of Property name multiple, see continuation sheets street & number city, town vicinity of state 5. Location of Legal Description courthouse, registry of deeds, etc, multiple, see continuation sheets street & number city, town state 6. Representation in Existing Surveys _______ title The Historic Hutt&rite Colonies Survey has this property been determined elegibie? yes _JL no date 19 79_______________________________ federal _JL state __county local depository for survey records Historical Preservation Center_________________________ city,town VernriTlion state South Dakota 57069 7. Description Condition Check one Check one X excellent X deteriorated X unaltered X original site X good _JL ruins _JL altered mnvpri riat<» fair unexposed Describe the present and original (if known) physical appearance The Hutterite Brethern live in eastern South Dakota in communal colonies, which are sited along the major water courses of the James, Big Sioux and Missouri Rivers and their tribu­ taries.
    [Show full text]
  • Hutterite Colonies and the Cultural Landscape: an Inventory of Selected Site Characteristics
    Hutterite Colonies and the Cultural Landscape: An Inventory of Selected Site Characteristics Simon M. Evans1 Adjunct Professor Department of Geography University of Calgary Peter Peller Head, Spatial and Numeric Data Services Libraries and Cultural Resources University of Calgary Abstract Hutterite colonies are a growing and sustainable element in the cultural landscape of the Canadian Prairies and Northern Great Plains of the United States. Their increasing numbers do something to offset the disappearance of the smallest service centers on the plains. While the diffusion of these communities has been well documented, the morphology of the settlements has been less well studied. New technology makes it possible to remotely evaluate selected characteristics of almost all Hutterite colonies. This paper describes the differences, with respect to orientation, layout and housing types, both between the four clan groups and within the Dariusleut and Schmiedeleut. Here as in many other aspects of Hutterite culture, there are signs of change and increasing diversity. Keywords Hutterite colonies; Cultural landscape; Google Earth; Orientation; Layout; Housing types; Dariusleut; Lehrerleut; Schmiedeleut; Great Plains Evans, Simon, and Peter Peller. 2016. “Hutterite Colonies and the Cultural Landscape: An Inventory of Selected Site Characteristics.” Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 4(1):51-81. 52 Journal of Amish and Plain Anabaptist Studies 4(1) Introduction Flying low from Calgary to Lethbridge, Alberta, and on to Great Falls, Montana, it is easy to pick out Hutterite colonies. Their relatively large and complex footprint is in marked contrast to that of neighbouring family farms. Colonies even show up clearly when viewed from the cruising altitude of a jet airliner.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the Hutterites
    1 The Hutterites Much has been written about the Hutterites in terms of their history and cultural practices.1 In this chapter I provide only a very brief and broad over- view of some matters so as to give a background understanding for the particularities of this case study. Brief History Like the Mennonites and Amish, the Hutterites trace their historical roots to the Anabaptist wing of the Reformation. Hutterites share with the Men- nonites and Amish certain Anabaptist fundamentals, such as adult volun- tary baptism, the separation of church and state, and the establishment of the church as a community that radically follows Jesus in all areas of life, including nonresistance – the refusal to use violence to protect the state or oneself.2 However, what makes the Hutterites distinctive from other Anabaptist groups is that the communitarian view of the separated church includes the notion of community of property. Amish and Mennonites groups are known for having an ideology of, and organizations for, mutual aid to share property and resources within the group, but church members nevertheless individually own property. In 1528 in Moravia (today a part of the Czech Republic), a group of Anabaptists who originally had fled from the Tyrol region of Austria de- cided to leave Nikolsburg, where the nobleman in charge was willing to use force to protect them from their enemies. Some Anabaptists did not want to be protected by force, even by those feudal nobles who were friendly to them.3 This small group of two hundred or so people, at some stage in their journey from Nikolsburg to Austerlitz, so the story goes, placed all their personal belongings onto a cloak that had been put on the ground, and stewards were appointed to manage the property.
    [Show full text]
  • Discrimination Against the Hutterites: the Racialization of a Religious Community in Rural Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2000 Discrimination against the Hutterites: The racialization of a religious community in rural Montana Susan Huntley The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Huntley, Susan, "Discrimination against the Hutterites: The racialization of a religious community in rural Montana" (2000). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5527. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5527 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY Hie UniversityfMONTANA o Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholariv purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. * * Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature * * Yes, I grant permission X No, I donot grant permission ___ Author's Signature Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. DISCRIMINATION AGAINST THE HUTTERITES: THE RACIALIZATION OF A RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY IN RURAL MONTANA by Susan Huntley Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology The University of Montana - Missoula 2000 Approved hy: om Dean, Graduate School Zoo c Date UMI Number: EP40991 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • A GUIDE for TEACHERS NEW to HUTTERIAN COLONY SCHOOLS Iii
    Alberta Teachers’ Association 11010 142 Street Edmonton, Alberta T5N 2R1 Phone: 780-447-9400 www.teachers.ab.ca Published December 2018 Copyright 2017 by The Alberta Teachers’ Association (ATA). Reproduction of material in this publication is authorized for classroom and professional development use, provided that each copy contains full acknowledgement of the source and that no charge is made beyond the cost of reprinting. Any other reproduction in whole or in part without prior written consent of the ATA is prohibited. ISBN 978-1-927074-58-9 Cover photo provided by Vanda Rufli. Contents Foreword v Advice from Experienced Colony Teachers 19 Introduction 1 Be Organized 19 So You Want to Teach on a Colony? 2 Work with the German Teacher 19 Plan Multigrade Units 20 Hutterites—Past and Present 5 Be Flexible and Always Historical Background 5 Have a Plan B 20 The Hutterites Today 6 Use a Variety of Classroom- The Social Structure Management Strategies 20 of a Hutterite Colony 8 Understand Your Role as a Hierarchy of Hutterian Guest on the Colony 21 Colony Positions 9 Make Time for Yourself 21 Hutterian Culture and Practices 10 Conclusion Myths About Hutterites 12 22 Appendix A: Listing of Alberta Teaching at a Colony School 13 Hutterite Colonies 23 Roles and Responsibilities 13 Work Relationships 15 Appendix B: Who Are Educational Assistants? Professional Development 16 30 Administrative Duties 17 Appendix C: Planning Exemplars 33 Special Considerations for Colony Teachers 18 Appendix D: Curriculum Resources 39 Bibliography 42 A GUIDE FOR TEACHERS NEW TO HUTTERIAN COLONY SCHOOLS III Foreword With an increasing number of Hutterite colony schools in Alberta, there is growing awareness in government, postsecondary institutions and the Alberta Teachers’ Association of the unique professional development needs of Hutterite colony teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hutterites' Story of War Time Migration from South Dakota To
    The Hutterites’ Story of War Time Migration from South Dakota to Manitoba and Alberta Bradley Armishaw, Ottawa John Wipf was left by his wife and child in early 1919, stranded in South Dakota without a choice in the matter. Family and friends entreated immigration officials to allow him to enter Canada with his family, but an unfortunate accident had rendered Wipf mentally handicapped, and he was therefore unwelcome. Because of his disability, he and another ‘Hutterite lunatic’ were initially offered temporary entry to Canada, contingent on bonds of $10,000 and other strict conditions. Though their home colonies agreed to the conditions and the tremendous bonds, after wavering, the Canadian government ultimately barred both men. As a result, they were stranded on the U.S. side while seventy of their family members immigrated to Canada. Though seemingly fickle and capricious, Canadian immigration officials faced unprecedented domestic pressures, and the Hutterite newcomers in Canada became increasingly unwelcome, regardless of health or ability. By 1917, the war in Europe had inculcated millions of soldiers with a burning hatred for their German enemy. The Kaiser and his Kultur were common objects of loathing on the home front too. While the 226 Journal of Mennonite Studies Canadian Expeditionary Force could take out their anger with bullets and bombs, those at home were satisfied to fight back with anti-German policies originating from all sectors of society. It is no wonder, then, that upon their return in 1918-19, Canada’s veterans were shocked to discover that thousands of German-speaking Americans had slipped quietly into the Canadian prairies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Hutterite Brethern: an Annotated Bibliography with Special Reference to South Dakota Hutterite Colonies
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 046 574 RC 004 978 AUTHOR Riley, Marvin P. TITLE The Hutterite Brethern: An Annotated Bibliography with Special Reference to South Dakota Hutterite Colonies. INSTITUTION South Dakota State Univ., Brookings. Agricultural Experiment Station. SPONS AGENCY Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. REPORT NO Bull-529 PUB DATE Nov 65 NOTE 189p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-56.58 DESCRIPTORS *Annotated Bibliographies, *Cultural Background, Family (Sociological Unit), *Group Living, Health Conditions, Intergroup Relations, *Religious Cultural Groups, Rural Farm Residents, *Rural Population, Social Change IDENTIFIERS *Hutterites ABSTRACT South Dakota is the home of a small religious group known as the Hutterite Brethren. The members of this sect live in small cooperative colonies in the northern United States and in several provinces in Canada. The Hutterites are unique in that, while using modern agricultural technology, they have isolated themselves from the main current of Western civilization. The boundary maintenance of their social system has enabled them to retain many characteristics of their culture developed during the Protestant Reformation. The most distinctive feature of the Hutterite way of life is a pattern of communal living which is practiced in connection with their agricultural enterprises. Since 1950, students and scientists representing specialized disciplines have been adding to the ever-increasing volume of information on the Hutterite Brethren. A large number of published works contain findings of field studies and surveys on the culture, intergroup relations, social organization, agriculture, and the mental and physical health of the Hutterites. Journalists have made available through their reports in the press a record of events experienced by the Hutterites which provide a running account of the adjustments the Hutterites are making to a rapidly changing world.
    [Show full text]
  • Patriarchy, Technology and the Lives of Hutterite Women: a Field Study
    Patriarchy, Technology and the Lives of Hutterite Women: A Field Study A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Lesley C. Masuk Spring 1998 © Copyright Lesley C. Masuk, 1998. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or to make other use of material in thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Sociology Arts 9 Campus Drive University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A5 1 • ",,� I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my love and appreciation to my mother and father, Catherine and Archie Masuk for all the support they have given me.
    [Show full text]