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Changes in Hutterite House Types Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1985 Changes in Hutterite House Types: the Material Expression of the Contradiction Between "Being- On-The-Colony" and "Being-In-The-World" (Communitarian, Utopias, Marxism, Interactionism). John ian Francis Melland Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Melland, John ian Francis, "Changes in Hutterite House Types: the Material Expression of the Contradiction Between "Being-On-The- Colony" and "Being-In-The-World" (Communitarian, Utopias, Marxism, Interactionism)." (1985). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4140. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4140 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. For example: • Manuscript pages may have indistinct print. In such cases, the best available copy has been filmed. • Manuscripts may not always be complete. In such cases, a note will indicate that it is not possible to obtain missing pages. • Copyrighted material may have been removed from the manuscript. In such cases, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, and charts) are photographed by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each oversize page is also filmed as one exposure and is available, for an additional charge, as a standard 35 m m slide or as a 17”x 23” black and white photographic print. Most photographs reproduce acceptably on positive microfilm or microfiche but lack the clarity on xerographic copies made from the microfilm. For an additional charge, 35 m m slides of 6”x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 8610650 Melland. John Francis (Ian) CHANGES IN HUTTERITE HOUSE TYPES: THE MATERIAL EXPRESSION OF THE CONTRADICTION BETWEEN "BEING-ON-THE-COLONY" AND "BEING- IN-THE-WORLD" Louisiana State University Ph.D. 1985 University Microfilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106 Copyright 1986 by Melland, John Francis (Ian) All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark 7 . 1. Glossy photographs or pages 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print________ 3. Photographs with dark background 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy_______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of page________ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine________ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print_______ 11. Page(s)______________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)______________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages_______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received___________ 16. O th e r_____________________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. CHANGES IN HUTTERITE HOUSE TYPES: THE MATERIAL EXPRESSION OF THE CONTRADICTION BETWEEN "BEING-ON-THE-COLONY" AND "BEING-IN-THE-WORLD" A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by John F. (Ian) Melland B.A., Western Washington State College, 1962 M.A., University of Montana, 1969 December, 1985 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my sincere appreciation to Miles Richardson, Professor of Anthropology, who as Chairman of my dissertation committee, helped me in inumerable ways. I also acknowledge the assistance provided by other members of my committee: Milton Newton, Sam Hilliard, Donald Vermeer, Charles Orser, and Philip Maechling. Certain aspects of the explanation of change among the Hutterites were developed in three reading courses at the University of Calgary. The assistance received in these courses was of inestimable value, and my appreciation in this regard is extended to Kai Nielson, Department of Philosophy, and to Robert Stebbins and James Frideres, Department of Sociology. Several people were kind enough to share certain aspects of their research on the Hutterites with me. Particularly helpful were the comments of Ed Boldt and Lance Roberts, Department of Sociology, University of Manitoba; Marvin Riley, Department of Rural Sociology, South Dakota State University; and Simon Evans, Sir Wilfred Grenfeld College, Memorial University. A list of the addresses and telephone numbers of all the Hutterite colonies in North America was supplied by Larry Anderson, Department of Geography, Mankato State University. The list served me well, and I am deeply indebted., I am also indebted to Joanne Vujnovich, who did my typing, and to. Carol Gerein, who read the last draft of this dissertation and made a number of very valuable suggestions. - ii - Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. In the place of honor usually reserved for the end, I wish to make two special acknowledgements: firstly, to the Hutterites, for the courtesy and hospitality they extended when I visited their homes; and secondly, to my mother, to Jeff and Jill, and to Ann Steeves, for the support they gave me during this long and somewhat arduous pilgrimage. - 111 - Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1 1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND CONTEMPORARY COLONY PATTERNS. 9 Historical Development .................................... 9 The Hutterites in Europe.............................. 9 -he Hutterites in North America ..................... 22 Contemporary Colony Patterns ............................. 29 Instrumental Organization ........................... 29 Economic Patterns .................................... 34 Spatial Patterns...................................... 37 Population Growth and the Colony Fission Process. 41 2 THEORETICAL CONCEPTS AND RESEARCH METHODS................. 45 Theoretical Concepts, House-Type Geography ........ 45 Origin of American Folk House Types and Building Practices............................................ 46 Evolution of House Types and Forms............ 49 Diffusion and Innovation............................. 53 Theoretical Concepts, Social Change....................... 59 M a r x i s m ............................................... 59 Symbolic Interactionism ............................. 68 Research Methods ...................................... 76 Sample Selection Process............................. 76 Data Collection...................................... 80 Analysis of the Data.................................. 81 Research Problems .................................... 82 3 ORIGIN OF THE HUTTERITE BUILDING TRADITION IN NORTH AMERICA.............................................. 85 European Antecedents ...................................... 85 Hutterite Housing in North America ....................... 89 The Influence of the Mennonite Building Tradition . 89 North-American Influence............................. 95 Development of the Hutterite Building Tradition in South Dakota to 1 9 1 8 .................................... 101 Locational Factors.................................... 101 Building Materials.................................... 104 - iv - Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS, cont'd Chapter Page 4 ANALYSIS OF HUTTERITE HOUSE TYPES IN NORTH AMERICA .... 114 Changes in House Types to 1 9 1 8 .............................. 114 The System of Rules........................................... 131 Changes in House Types from 1918 to Present.................. 146 Dariusleut
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