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Quays-Assignment-3-Artur-Kusiak REVISITING DUBLIN CITY QUAYS REVISITING DUBLIN CITY QUAYS: MONUMENTS AND THE RIVER ARTUR KUSIAK 4TH YEAR UCD 2016/2017 16203201 Dublin Quays area had been constantly changing during centuries. At the beginning changes were natural and slowly. Destruction and decay were visible in the city from the mid-19th century and the major problems, which were associated with this were modernism and fascination of individual transport. Architecture style was problematic, because it completely rejects heritage and traditional way of building the cities, replacing urban fabric with utopian idea of buildings in the park. Rapidly growing suburbs resulted in more traffic in the city, so this influenced the roads, that started to be wider. Lots of historical buildings ended the existence due to the car and individual transport. In other words, it could be said that car rolled over Dublin’s heritage. Gerry Cahill identified this process and its impact on Quays saying: ‘The quays were a comprehensible part of this urban tapestry until Dublin bureaucrats discovered the US concept of the urban motorway, and the death knell of the quayside has been sounding ever since.’ On the other hand bad condition of the city did not come unnoticed by people, who identify with the place. Great example would be Frank McDonald, who over the time wrote hundreds of articles, as an journalist for The Irish Times, to highlight the problems of Dublin. Then significant footprint on the Quays had students and tutors of University College Dublin. In 1985 started the ambitious project for the area located on both sides of the river Liffey. Final work came up as a book called “Dublin City Quays”, containing essays and projects. Each project was leaded by two or three tutors and a number of students mixed vertically across the whole architecture course, which shows the seriousness of destruction of Dublin at that time. This was a very important step in discussion about Quays, the clear ideas and proposed solutions showed that making Dublin a better place is possible. Later due to the book a group of young architects came together forming Group ’91 which, also had great influence on Dublin. John Olley wrote in his review that:” Over the last decade, through exhibitions, proposals, research and publications they have done much to create an awareness of Dublin's distinguished urban heritage, and to help foster public perception of the potential of streets and squares to become the theatre for everyday life.” This could be great starting point for comparison historical Dublin with this, what could be visible nowadays. 1. Comparison of maps showing Blackhall Street, from the left: 25 inch historic map from early 20th century, map with situation in 1980s, map of proposal, situation of the area in 2016 First area taken into consideration would be surroundings of Blue Coat School. The building had different names during the time of its existence, which dates back to late 18th century, today it is known as Law Society. From the early times Blackhall street was acting as viewing axis for the monument. This might explain its extraordinary width, without any characteristic purpose, which could have impact on the name of the street. Destruction and decay of Dublin unfortunately was visible also near the area of Blackhall Street, what is visible on images from 1960s. This led students and teachers to propose significant changes for this area, which are described and illustrated in Dublin City Quays book. This part of the city in the project was mostly wiped out and replaced by quarters and long frontages of building in strong and clean axial composition. Tendency to demolishing historic buildings is one of modernistic attributes, but on the other hand authors tried their best to fit this Paris inspired idea into the rest of the urban fabric, which was not easy. What is worth saying is that proposal include significant amount of green areas, including park on Blackhall Street with raw of trees, highlighting importance of monument. 2. Blackhall Street, view from Blue Coat School 3. Houses on Blackhall Street (1964, Dublin towards Smithfield (1964, Dublin City Photographic City Photographic Collection) Collection) Nowadays Blackhall Street lost most of its value as axis viewing for the Blue Coat School. Mainly because of new development on part of the street. Very interesting townhouses, which slightly reminds me proposal from the book I described further in essay called: Narrowing the Focus, as a part of the seminar. New investment had huge impact on the width of the street, which is now significantly narrower than before. Also axis of the street is no longer directed towards the tower of Blue Coat School. Next thing is that the monument is completely hidden behind trees, making it almost invisible for pedestrians. The street itself is also not very pedestrian friendly, because of narrow pavements, and lots of parking lots. This all led to conclusion that axis of Blue Coat School no longer exists. Southern part of the area did not change much during last 30 years, expect one aspect, which authors of the book did not predict – tram. Luas Line appeared in 2004 and had huge impact on the city. Miriam Fitzpatrick, with who I had interview named this as “the 4. Blackhall Street with Blue Coat 5. Blackhall Street with old Blue Coat School (now Law Society) on the left (2016, School on the left (circa 1953, N. photograph by author) Johnson, RTS Stills Library) eyes of the poor were suddenly refilled to the rich”, what means that streets and back roads through which Luas runs suddenly became main streets, which are visible for thousands of people every day. A shift towards public transport and especially electric vehicles like trams and light trains is a trend throughout Europe, but what is hard to understand, Dublin’s tram service completely disappeared before 1950s. This is even more puzzling, when considering a map from early 19th century with very expanded tram network, with rails on Queen Street, where trams got to their depot nearby, right beside the Blackhall Street and close to new Luas Line, which completely buried memory of tramway history in Dublin. 6. Axis view of Law Society (2016, photograph by author) 7.Comparison of maps showing Smithfield, from the left: 25 inch historic map from early 20th century, map with situation in 1980s, map of proposal, situation of the area in 2016 Next area, which is very important in this part of the city is Smithfield. Huge street, called sometimes a market was in the past surrounded by buildings both industrial and residential. Most of them due to its bad condition was demolished or collapsed. The beginning of the street is dated back to 17th century, when rational street pattern was designed. This led the surrounding to be called as ‘new town’. In the past market was used for organising trades like horse fairs, which were big events, attracting a lot of people. Once a month market was lively and fully occupied both by people and different animals. Smithfield was main trading area for Dubliners to early 1980s. 8. Smithfield, view to the North (1976, Dublin City 9. Smithfield, view to the North with refurbished monumental Photographic Collection) chimney (2016, Photograph by author) Despite the fact, that market was important and lively during the day, it was becoming empty and dangerous during the night. Proposal prepared by student and teachers for Smithfield contained interesting objectives. First of all they designed covered market in northern part of area, to retain trading purposes of Smithfield, which became less important in mid 1980s. Secondly authors proposed connection to the river Liffey, by axis stretched all along Smithfield connecting covered market building through new street, between the buildings, to the river and even further by new bridge to the other side, down to Oliver Bond Street. This move could have very positive impact on huge market street, and could emphasize its importance to the city. Authors highlighted also some of the industrial elements which should be retain to remind history of the streets such as chimney and distillery building walls. However, in the project impact of these elements is hardly visible. 10. Smithfield facing North (circa 1953, N. Johnson, RTS Stills 11. Smithfield in current time (2016, photograph by author) Library) Today Smithfield is a square, which is mostly empty. Despite the fact that market is surrounded by new development, and distillery is partly refurbished, including chimney with new construction of unknown purpose on the top accessible by the elevator, the square remain empty and not very attractive. This emptiness and huge size, in psychological point of view might led to feeling, that it is dangerous. This thesis is confirmed by Miriam Fitzpatrick, who spend some time in a hotel there, said: ‘I really underestimated how threatening this environment is after hours. There was no life on the street anywhere around here at the time the cinema (…) was closed and with it all life extinguished after hours around here. It was really scary’. However it is true that on the market as well as on its borders not much interesting activities are happening, there is a cinema, a shop, few restaurants and a kindergarten, but it is not enough to fill the area with life. This is even more surprising when considering new development on the east side of Smithfield. New buildings are very good architecture, with the scale appropriate to the size of the market. Unfortunately, buildings do not have any connection to the historic development, which was around Smithfield in the past, which might be worth to highlight confidentially on elevations, because now with connection of words ‘new town’ it is suggesting that before new buildings there was nothing.
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