UNIVERSITY OF GHANA

Annual Report by the Vice-Chancellor

for 1962-63

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page the year 1962-63 the faculties Faculty of Agriculture 7 Faculty of Arts 15 Faculty of Law 24 30 Faculty of Science .. Faculty of Social Studies 44 Institute of African Studies 62 Institute of Public Education 68 Institute of Statistics 72 73 School of Administration .. the balme library 75 halls of residence Legon Hall 80 Akuafo Hall 80 Commonwealth Hall 82 Volta Hall 86 Mensah Sarbah Hall appendix a Membership of University Council 89 appendix b Speeches and citations of award of the first Congregation 90 appendix c Statistical Information

1. Students Enrolment 1962-63 ...... 107 2. Distribution of Students by Courses and Subjects: 1962-63 108 3. Graduates 1963 110

4. Certificate in Education awarded 1963 .. .. Ill

5. Diploma in Education awarded 1963 .. .. Ill 6. Certificate in Social Administration awarded 1963 111 7. Licentiate in Theology awarded 1963 .. .. Ill 1a

THE YEAR 1962-63

During the academic year 1962-63, the second year in the life of the University, substantial progress was made in all fields of activity. Up to the date of the adoption of new Statutes, the Univer¬ sity continued to run on the lines of interim arrangements introduced in the 1961-62 academic year. Dr. Conor Cruise O'Brien took office as the Vice-Chancellor of the University at the beginning of the aca¬ demic year. The Interim Council of the University also continued un¬ der the Chairmanship of Mr. Kofi Asante Ofori Atta, b.a., ll.b. dub., m.p., Minister of Justice, until the end of the Michaelmas Term. Nana Kobina Nketsia IV, b.litt., d.phil. (oxon.), Omanhene of Essikadu and Director of the Institute of Art and Culture, became its next Chairman. He was also the Interim Vice-Chancellor in the first year of the University. The full membership of the Council, with changes in the course of the year, is set out in Appendix A. The first outlines of the University Statutes that had been discussed by competent organs of the University during 1961-62 were subjected to careful re-drafting and passed through all con¬ stitutional processes. The Statutes were approved by the Interim Council and confirmed at the first meeting of the University Council on 8th July, 1963. They were subsequently published in the Uni¬ versity Calendar. Student numbers increased considerably from 682 in 1961-62 to 1,174. This large increase was made possible by certain re-arrange¬ ments of student rooms so as to make it feasible for two students to live in one room. Student morale, despite some discomforts, was good, and the " doubling up " exercise was, on the whole, a success. The imbalance in student numbers between science and other courses, however, continued to give cause for serious concern. Only 129 students followed science courses in the Faculty of Science where excellent facilities were seriously under-used. In the other Faculties, Departments were up to maximum capacity. The expansion in numbers and the rather one-sided pattern which enrolment into courses assumed placed some strain on the academic staff, especially in certain Departments. It seemed, indeed, towards the end of 1961-62 when there were as many as 97 vacancies in all, as if the situation might be extremely grave. Largely due to persistent recruitment drives, most vacancies were filled at the beginning of the year. So, the University happily escaped the alarming situation in which a sharply increased influx of students would have faced a greatly reduced academic staff. Mr. Thomas Lionel Hodgkin took over the Institute of African Studies as its first Director. Professor William Burnett Harvey, Head of the Department of Law, started a two-year secondment from the University of Michigan. Professor Norbet Elias assumed appointment as Head of the Department of Sociology and Professor Wilfred Flem- ming became the Head of the Department of Education. Professor Denis William Ewer began his tenure of appointment as Professor of Zoology and Professor Allan Nunn May who was appointed to a Special Chair by Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah in 1961-62 was elected to the vacant Chair of Physics in the course of the year. There were also significant developments during the year under review. The College of Administration that had operated as an autonomous body on the Achimota Compound became an integral part of the University as the School of Administration. The Depart¬ ment of Law was granted the status of a Faculty and it settled down to a period of re-organisation designed to ensure the success of the training of a new generation of lawyers. The University's Law degrees were recognised by the General Legal Council of Ghana as the sole and sufficient title of admission to the legal profession in the country. The first intake of 51 students started pre-medical studies in the University. The Medical School itself was not in being, nor was its foundation stone even laid and vital decisions on the teaching hospital had yet to be taken. But it was on the strength of assurances and support from the Ministry of Health, the medical profession in Ghana, and the United States of America Aid Mission that the pre-medical course began. The Institute of African Studies was one of the most flourishing branches of the University activity. It attracted many eminent visiting scholars from other countries and it successfully launched its M.A. course for which eleven graduate students from Ghana, Britain and America were enrolled. The Institute's activity was a symbol and a gauge of the University's involvement in the life of Ghana and Africa.

The University provided the venue for the first International Congress of Africanists ever to be held. Distinguished scholars from all over the world attended the Congress which was very successful both in its organisation and results. The first Congregation of the University was held on 23rd February, 1963. The University on that occasion honoured Sir Kobina Arku Korsah, Mr. Kofi George Konuah and Dr. William Edward Burkhardt Du Bois by conferring upon them its first honor¬ ary degrees in appreciation of valuable services which they had self- lessly rendered in the interest of Ghana, Africa, and mankind. The address given by the Vice-Chancellor on that memorable day, the citations for the honorary graduands, and the important and en¬ couraging address of the Chancellor at a dinner that rounded off the celebrations have been reproduced as Appendix B.

6 FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT

During the year, Mr. La Anyane, formerly Chief Agricultural Economist of the Ministry of Agriculture, joined the Department to share in the Agricultural Economics teaching, and Mr. G. Dargie came to the Department from the University of British Columbia to take over the teaching of the Soil Conservation course. The other members of the Department were Mr. J. A. Dadson, Lecturer in Agricultural Economics, and Professor T. L. Coulthard, Head of the Department.

The establishment in the Department was increased by one senior lectureship for the Engineering Division. The staff position is expected to improve further in the course of 1963-64.

The Department shared in the reorganization of the degree structure and teaching programmes. The offer for the B.Sc. (Agric.) General degree was revised and the Agricultural Economics Division drew up a programme for specialization in that field for the B.Sc. (Agric.)—Special. (Other fields of specialization are Animal Science, Crop Science, and Soil Science). A course is also offered for the M.Sc. (Agric.) in Agricultural Economics. The possibility of offering specialization in Agricultural Engineering at the B.Sc. and the M.Sc. levels is still under discussion.

Professor Coulthard continued with the research project, started in 1961-62, on the engineering aspects of milling operation in the Accra area.

Mr. Dargie started a joint " Catena " project at Kade with Mr. Peter Ahn of the Soils Department in the long vacation. He is studying the effects of different methods of clearing and cultiva¬ tion on some of the physical properties and moisture relationships of the soils.

Mr. Dadson continued with the farm management study, also begun in 1961-62 in the Frankadua area, and made useful contacts with the Farmers' Council and other bodies for the possibility of a " Farm Records and Accounting " project. During the long vaca¬ tion, an initial farm inventory survey was started covering parts of the Central and Eastern Regions and about 30 farms were covered.

7 DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

The Department contributed to the teaching which culminated in the passing out of thirteen more graduates. Courses were modified during the year by the Faculty Board to increase their flexibility and as from 1st October, 1963, General, Special and M.Sc. Degrees will be awarded.

Problems of staffing continued to cause anxiety. During the year Mr. H. P. Flarding, Senior Lecturer in Animal Health, resigned and Mr. R. was Rose-Innes seconded to F.A.O. for a period of eighteen months to take part in a survey in Northern Ghana. Accessions to staff included the following appointments:— Dr. E. N. W. Oppong, Lecturer in Animal Health Mr. L. K. N. Ababio, Lecturer in Animal Husbandry Mr. K. Awuku, Lecturer in Animal Husbandry. Research continued at Legon, Nungua and Kpong. Professor Wilson continued his studies concerned with the evolution of a tropical dairy animal in which the Jersey breed is being used to grade up indigenous shorthorn and N'Dama cattle to a level where economic quantities of milk are produced. He also continued his studies of:

(i) two hybrid types of sheep being developed for Northern and Southern conditions in Ghana; (ii) the growth and development responses of Large White and West African Black pigs in a tropical setting; (iii) selected strains of indigenous poultry.

Now that numbers are sufficient to allow of selection pressure on females in the beef cattle herds, the quality of the cattle at Nungua is improving rapidly. Stocking of the Agricultural Research Station at Kpong also received attention where herds of N'Dama and Shorthorn cattle are being built up for future research work with beef animals and pastures.

Mr. R. Rose-Innes and Dr. K. N. Sen continued their respective studies in the following general fields :— (i) Biology of indigenous flora. (ii) Introduction of exotic species of grasses and legumes. (iii) Ecology and succession studies in natural grassland. (iv) Chemical control of shrubs in natural grassland. (v) Plant/Animal relationships.

8 The Department gratefully acknowledges help from the follow¬ ing officers with respect to some of these studies: Mr. J. M. Ramsay (lately Conservator of Forests, Ghana) Dr. Mrs. A. Sundaram (Radio-Isotope Unit, Ghana Academy of Sciences). Dr. H. Jarrett (Department of Crops and Horticulture) Mr. G. L. Mabey (Department of Biochemistry, Nutrition and Food Science).

The following project studies were continued by Mr. R. Rose- Innes :— (i) Chemical composition of shrubs of the coastal savannas. (Eighteen shrubs have so far been analysed). (ii) Digestibility trials with some of the above shrubs. (iii) Study of liveweight increments of local cattle when subjected to differing grazing times (hours per day) and to Urea/molasses supplementation. (iv) Effect of fire on natural grassland. (v) Effect of fire on the vegetation of the Guinea savanna (now published). (vi) Effect of traditional grazing pattern on succession of coastal savanna vegetation. (vii) Browse/grass ingestion ratios during the dry season and studies of animal behaviour.

The following project studies were continued by Dr. K. M. Sen:— (i) Chemical composition and productivity of individual species of indigenous grasses. During the period under review 25 species have been investigated. (ii) Study of the biology of indigenous grasses and shrubs, including phenological aspects. (iii) Introduction of exotic species of grasses and legumes for appraisal as to their value for Ghanaian conditions. 97 grasses and 89 legumes were introduced from sub¬ tropical Australia, Canada, U.S.A., U.A.R. (iv) Chemical control of shrubs in natural grassland. (v) Nitrogenous fertilizers and succession in natural grass¬ land. (vi) Plant/Animal relationships. (vii) Succession of weeds in herbicide—treated arable land.

9 Publications A. S. B. Wilson—Ec. Bull, of Ghana, Vol. Ill, No. 1, A regional comparison of human and some meat animal populations in Africa. R. Rose-Innes—Emp. Jour. Exp. Agric., col. XXXI, 121, 1963. The behaviour of free-grazing cattle in the West African Humid Tropics. R. Rose-Innes—Sols Africans, Vol. 8, 1963. Some quantitative observations on the effects of fire on the Guinea Savanna vegetation of Northern Ghana over a period of eleven years. K. M. Sen—-Ghana Journ. Sc., No. 2, 1962. Screening trials of some herbicides in arable crops of Northern Ghana.

DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY, NUTRITION AND FOOD SCIENCE

The Department, established earlier, made preparations during 1962-63 to admit students into its own degree courses. Regulations for B.Sc. (Food Science) General and B.Sc. (Biochemistry and Nutrition) General were approved by the Boards of the Faculties of Agriculture and Science. Students were enrolled into B.Sc. Part I, of whom eight completed their F.U.E. Courses satisfactorily and these will join the B.Sc. Food Science Degree course in 1963-64. During the year, the Department continued to contribute to the teaching of Agriculture through Mr. M. G. C. MacDonald Dow's courses in Animal Nutrition and Biochemistry to students in Agriculture in the various years. Problems of staff, space and equip¬ ment already acute will become more urgent during the year. Dr. F. Aylward who left the Department before the academic year commenced to join the F.A.O. team in Poland was succeeded by Professor C. B. Coulson, who was appointed during 1963 to join the Department at the beginning of the 1963-64 session. Mr. M. G. C. MacDonald Dow was in charge of the research programme and also represented the Department on the Academic and Faculty Boards. Mr. G. L. Mabey continued to supervise the Analytical Section and co-operated in inter-departmental research projects. Mrs. Jennifer M. Jenkins was appointed part-time Lecturer in the Department. Mr. Dow completed the analysis of the rumen fluids of certain West African cattle and sheep: the results of this investigation will be published in the near future. Investigations into rumen metabo¬ lism were initiated.

10 A pilot trial to determine nitrogen, energy, calcium and phos¬ phorus balance in West African cattle was satisfactorily completed. Release of Departmental facilities at the Agricultural Research Station, Nungua, is required to permit the completion of the deter¬ mination of N, Ca, P and energy requirements for maintenance and production.

The final experiment to determine the efficiency of conversion of all-vegetable protein diets by poultry has been commenced satis¬ factorily and should be completed by Apiil, 1964, i.e. at the end of one laying season.

Mr. Mabey continued the co-operative research programme in conjunction with the Department of Grassland Ecology both with Dr. Sen (programme of analysis of monthly grass samples of 25 species in its fifth month) and with Mr. R. Rose-Innes (programme of analysis of monthly samples of 18 shrubs from Northern Ghana in its third month).

Publications: Coulson, C. B. and (1963) " Electrophoresis in stabilised Duxbury, J. K. media" (Symposium Report); Nature, Lond; 198-440.

Coulson, C. B. and Lederer, (Eds) (1963) "Chromatographic M. Data ". Supplement to J. Chroma- tog. Vols. 9 and 10.

Fujiwara, T. and Coulson, (1963) " Glycopeptide components C. B. of bovine milk-whey with possible anti-Mycobacterial activity ", Bio- chem. J. 88, 61 P.

Fujiwara, T. and Coulson, (1963) " Further studies on milk-whey C. B. glycopeptides and the products of lysinelactose browning systems ", Biochem. J. 88, 61-62P.

Coulson, C. B., Plaskett, (English Editors) (1963)" Paper Chro¬ L. G., Ribbons, D. W. and matography. A Treatise," Hais, Wall, R. A. I. M. and Macek, K. (Eds). Academic Press Inc. and Publishing House of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, London and New York and Prague.

11 In the Press

Rose-Innes, R. and Mabey, " Studies on browse plants in Ghana, G. L. West Africa. A. Chemical com¬ position, 1. Monthly chemical analyses of seven species of trees, shrubs and vines browsed by free- ranging cattle on the Accra Plains ", J. exp. Agric. Mabey, G. L. and Rose- " B. Digestibility. 1. The Digestibility Innés, R. of Griffonia Simplicifolia from the Accra Plains using local cattle as experimental animals", J. exp. Agric.

" The digestibility of Baphia nitida from the Accra Plains using local cattle as experimental animals ", J. exp. Agric.

" The digestibility of Grewia Car- pinifolia from the Accra Plains using local cattle as experimental animals ", J. exp. Agric. " The digestibility of Antiaris Africana from the Accra Plains using local cattle as experimental animals J. exp. Agric. Rose-Innes, R. and Mabey, " C. Browse/grass ingestion ratios. G. L. 1. Determination of the free choice Griffonia/grass ingestion ratio for West African Shorthorn cattle on the Accra Plains using the simulated shrub technique J. exp. Agric.

DEPARTMENT OF CROP HUSBANDRY AND HORTICULTURE

The following changes in senior staff took place during the year under review : Professor H. Nicol resigned; Professor T. L. Coulthard, Dean of the Faculty of Agriculture, assumed the position of Acting Head of Department for the rest of the academic year.

12 Mr. E. J. Thompson proceeded to Iowa State University, U.S.A., on study leave at the end of the year to read for a Ph.D. Degree. Mr. Haizel was in United Kingdom from April to August on a British Government Technical Aid Scholarship to attend a course concerned primarily with herbicides. Staff vacancies were filled during the year as follows: Mr. K. A. Haizel, Lecturer in Crop Husbandry; Mr. I. K. Amuh, Lecturer in Agricultural Entomo¬ logy; Dr. D. K. Das-Gupta, Lecturer in Crop Husbandry. The teaching programme was carried through normally but the Long Vacation excursion to Ashanti, Northern and Upper Regions had to be cancelled because of floods.

Mr. Haizel initiated work on weed control in maize using Sima- zine. The work was continued by Dr. Das-Gupta and Dr. Sen during Mr. Haizel's absence in U.K. Results were promising and an account of the work will be written up elsewhere. Tests with MCPS were inconclusive and are to be repeated. Dr. Das-Gupta started studies on the effect of different storage conditions on yams and their ultimate development in the field. Mr. Geurts continued his work on grain legumes and during the year 30 more species and varieties, both local and from abroad, were tested. Among the most promising of the types tested are local varieties of Bambara nuts (Voandzere subterrânea), the cowpea and lima bean. Of the exotic species tried certain varieties of pigeon pea and green gram showed a great deal of promise. Samples of various fibre crops were multiplied for further growth studies.

the soil science division

The staff was augmented during the year by the arrival of Dr. H. O. Jarrett, b.sc., Ph.d. who had previously worked in the Division from 1959-61. A further member of staff was added in the person of Mr. G. Dargie, Soil Physics, who was seconded by the Canadian Govern¬ ment for work in this Faculty. Mr. Thompson carried out the teaching programme for the first two terms. The work of the Session was completed by Dr. Jarrett. Mr. Ahn and Mr. Dargie assisted with some teaching in the field, Mr. Thompson carried out determination on Kade soil samples sent in by Mr. Jordan.

13 Dr. Jarrett carried out research on the following: (i) Paddy fields in Ghana, with particular reference to Kpong A.R.S. and the Ghana State Farm at Dawhenya. (ii) Joint work (with the Grassland Ecology Section) on salinity problems at the Nungua A.R.S. (iii) Pot experiments on nutrient cultures and deficiency systems. Mr. Ahn continued his research work on the following:

(i) Soils and soil forming factors in the Western Forest areas of Ghana, with particular reference to the relationship of soils to parent rock, climate and vegetation, and the demarcation of soil/agricultural belts within the forest zone (Dr. Sei. thesis). (ii) Micromorphology of Ghana forest soils, i.e. micro¬ scope studies of soil thin section (a Reichert pertro- graphic microscope was bought during the year). (iii) Mechanical analyses of Ghana soils and their moisture holding capacity (the latter in collaboration with Mr. Dargie). (iv) Trace elements in Ghana forest soils (joint investigation with J. C. Burridge, formerly W.A.C.R.I, spectrogra- pher).

In addition, Mr. Ahn was commissioned by Oxford University Press to rewrite the first eight chapters, on soils, of F. R. Irvine's well-known "West African Agriculture", and also began detailed soil investigations of a block of about 42 acres at Kade A.R.S. for a new experiment—the "catena experiment"—on the major soils found there. A detailed soil map has been made and a long-term experiment is being designed to show quantitatively the soil changes which accompanied periods of clearing, cropping and fallowing, and to indicate the important agricultural differences between differing but related soils in the same catena.

publications, conference papers, etc. (n) Publications

The following publications appeared during the year:

Ahn, P. M.—Soil studies in the Asenanyo forest reserve. Ghana Agricultural Research Institute, Soil and Land- Use Survey Branch, Technical Report No. 46.

14 Ahn, P. M.—The soils of Goaso Cocoa Station. Ibid., Tech¬ nical Report No. 47. Ahn, P. M.—Soils of the W.A.C.R.I. 1,000 acre cocoa estate, Ahafo. Ibid., Technical Report No. 48. Ahn, P. M.—The production of Uiena lobata fibre in Ghana. World Crops, March, 1963 (7 pp.). This article was later reprinted in "The Planter" (Singapore), Vol. 39, No. 6 (June, 1963), and a further article on the same subject has been prepared and submitted to the " New Ghana Farmer. "

(b) Conference papers The following papers were read at the conferences indicated : Ahn, P. M.—The micromorphology of soils: recent advances in microscope soil techniques and interpretation, with special reference to West African soils. West African Science Association Conference, Kumasi, March, 1963. Ahn, P. M.—Some aspects of the soils and vegetation of the Ghana forest zone. Ghana Geographical Association Con¬ ference, Legon, April, 1963. In addition, the following joint paper was finalised for publica¬ tion during the year: Burridge, J. C. and Ahn, P. M.—A spectrographs analysis of the major forest soils of Ghana.

FACULTY OF ARTS

DEPARTMENT OF CLASSICS

Ancient Greek D. R. Dicks, b.a., ph.d., Professor and Head of geography and science; (Lond), f.r.q.s., f.r.a.s. Department (Octo¬ Greek ber-March, 1963). philosophy; Horace. Ancient A. A. Kwapong, m.a., Professor and Head of history; Graeco- Roman North Africa; ph.d., (Camb.) Department (April, 1963). Greek and Roman his¬ toriography. The L. H. Ofosu-Appiah, m.a., Associate Professor .. philosophy of Plato (Oxon.). with special reference to the Platonic myths.

J. O. de Graft Hanson, Lecturer Greek epic and tragedy; Latin b.a., (London), b.a., lyric poetry. m.litt., (Camb.). The D. J. Macqueen, m.a., Lecturer philosophy of St. (McG.), ph.d., (Tor.). Augustine.

15 Professor A. A. Kwapong returned to the Department in September after a year's absence in Princeton University.

Dr. D. J. Macqueen joined the Department as Lecturer in October, 1962.

Professor D. R. Dicks, the Head of Department, resigned from the University in March, 1963, to take up the post of Directoi, Institute of Classical Studies, University of London, and Professor A. A. Kwapong became the Head of Department in April, 1963. Members of the Department continued work in their various fields of research listed above.

The Department organised the 8th Latin Speaking Competition on the 16th of February for Secondary Schools in which 25 pupils participated and for which book prizes were awarded. Two lectures were given on the occasion by Professor A. A. Kwapong ( "Ancient Explorers of Africa ") and by Professor D. R. Dicks ("Two Ancient Cities in Libya " illustrated by lantern slides). The 12th Annual Meeting of the Classical Association of Ghana was held at Legon on April 5 to 6, 1963, at which the following papers were read by members of the Department:—

" St. Augustine: Heir and Critic of Graeco-Roman Culture " —Dr. D. J. Macqueen.

" The Mediterranean and the Sahara "—Prof. A. A. Kwapong. " The Future of Classical Studies in Ghana "—Prof. Ofosu- Appiah.

" The Alcestis in Ghana "—J. O. de Graft Hanson. The Department started teaching to the revised syllabuses of the new degree structure at the beginning of the year. One new lecture series for Ancient History undergraduates on the history of Greek and Roman North Africa was attended by 2nd-Year students in the B.A. Honours degree course. Some members of the Department also participated in the work of the Institute of African Studies.

A new play by Mr. Hanson, " The Tragedy of Old Kweku » was performed by the Ghana Drama Studio. The play treats an Akan historical theme in the Greek tragic style. Professor Ofosu-Appiah visited the Classics Department of the University of Cairo as guest of the U.A.R. Ministry of Higher Education in July, 1963. He also visited, in connection with his research, the British School at Athens and toured classical sites in Greece and Turkey in July and August, 1963.

16 Publications Dicks, D. R.—" Astrology and Astronomy Hermes, 1963. Kwapong, A. A.—Contributions in Grecs et Barbares, (ed. O. Reverdin), Fondation Hardt 1963.

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

Dunn, T. A., m.a., ph.d. Professor and Head of Edition of the plays of Department. Massinger; the Roman¬ tic poets.

Mayhead, R., m.a. . • Senior Lecturer .. Nineteenth and twentieth century literature, espe¬ cially the Novel.

Senanu, K. E., b.a. Lecturer .. . On study-leave in U.S. pursuing studies in the Theatre at Yale and Carnegie Tech.

Trodd, K. G., b.a. Lecturer .. A study of the influence of Scrutiny.

■ Sey, K. A., b.a. .. Lecturer .. Ghanaian forms of English.

Taylor, D. R., b.a. Lecturer .. .. Completion of a thesis on Scott Fitzgerald. At the beginning of the year Dr. T. A. Dunn was appointed Professor, Mr. Stock and Mr. Storch both left to take up other appointments, and Mr. Senanu went on a year's leave of absence to study the theatre at Yale University and Pittsburgh. In the Michaelmas Term Mr. K. A. Sey, a former graduate, returned from Oxford to take up a Lectureship in Language and Mr. K. G. Trodd joined us from an appointment in Ibadan. Mr. D. R. Taylor arrived from the University of Auckland at the beginning of the Lent Term, and at the same time Mr. Mayhead was promoted to a Senior Lectureship within the Department.

With the start of teaching under the new syllabus and the great increase of student numbers, particularly in the First-Year course, the Department was extremely hard-pressed throughout the year, but preparations were made for filling vacancies in a greatly- increased establishment for next year and for taking over fully English-teaching in the School of Administration, as well as provid¬ ing instruction for certain new or ancillary courses within the University. In addition, plans were laid for an extensive research project into Ghanaian English usage for 1963-64. A syllabus for an M.A. degree in Literature was prepared, and members of the Department played their full part in the committee-work of the University and on the committees of such outside bodies as the West African Examinations Council and the Ghana Association of Teachers of English.

17 Professor Dunn attended the Conference on the English Language, Literature of Africa and the University Curriculum held at Fourah Bay from 3rd to 8th April, 1963, and read a paper on the University syllabus. He also presented a tape-recording of a discussion by the Honours students on Achebe's Things Fall Apart. Mr. Sey attended the University of London Summer School of English during July and August.

DEPARTMENT OF FRENCH STUDIES

No radical changes were made in our activities during the aca¬ demic year 1962-63, at the end of which the Department said fare¬ well to Professor Jones on his retirement.

A pleasant event of the academic year was the award of the Palmes académiques to Professor Jones by the French Government, through the agency of His Excellency the French Ambassador in Ghana.

During the academic year three new members were welcomed to the Department: Mr. Smith, who was seconded from King's College, London, to replace Mr. Amonoo who was granted study leave; M. Frette who joined the Department under special arrange¬ ment with the French Government; Mr. Jeanpierre who divided his time between the Department and the Institute of African Studies.

Five undergraduates spent the academic year in Bordeaux on French Government scholarships, and one post-graduate student followed courses at the Sorbonne. Mr. Amonoo also departed for Paris where he is writing a doctoral dissertation on a subject in French literature.

In the final examinations, one student gained an Upper Second Honours degree, and three gained Lower Seconds; three candidates were successful in the French section of the B.A. General Examina¬ tion.

The Department continued to provide courses in French for undergraduates in other Departments: in particular, M. Hérault of the Alliance Française in Accra taught elementary French to 40 students, with the help of equipment generously loaned by the French Government.

Research in the Department continued. Dr. Knight completed a book on the " Phenomenology of the Novel "; Mr. Smith continued to work for his doctoral thesis on Germain Nouveau, a symbolist

18 poet; Mr. Jeanpierre continued work on his doctoral thesis on " Négritude and in 1963 took part in a conference on French African literature, held in Dakar and, as an observer, in a collo¬ quium on English-African Literature at Sierra Leone. Our two French colleagues worked for French University post-graduate qualifications: Mr. Fabiani for Aggregation at Paris; M. Frette for the Diplome d'Etudes Supérieures at Rennes. During the academic year the Department acquired a portable tape-recorder and a slide projector as aids in its teaching activities.

DEPARTMENT OF PHONETICS

A total of 252 students attended courses in the Department: B.A. Degree, First University Examination (English) 136 B.A. General (English) 1st year 18 2nd year 8 B.A. Honours (English) 1st year 2 2nd year 11 3rd year 15 B.A. General and Honours (French) 19 Licentiate in Theology 5 Associate Certificate in Educa¬ tion 22 Diploma in Education 14 M.A. in African Studies 2 Two students read for Paper 6 (b), The Phonetics of English, in the Honours English course. Miss Naomi Sackeyfio, one of the two, was awarded a scholarship by the African and American Universities Program in order to study linguistics at the University of California, Los Angeles. Mr. L. A. Boadi joined the teaching staff in September, 1962, on his return from Los Angeles. Mr. I. K. Chinebuah returned from S.O.A.S., London, and took up his appointment in January, 1963. Mr. W. F. Stirling left the Department in September, 1962, on being transferred to the Institute of Public Education. Mr. C. Painter was appointed to this vacancy on the teaching staff and arrived in Ghana in April.

19 Conferences Mrs. C. McCallien was one of the University's representatives at the 9th International Congress of Linguists which was held in Boston in September, 1962. Mr. L. A. Boadi and Mr. I. K. Chine- buah were delegates to the conference of the Languages Survey of West Africa, which was held at Freetown in March, 1963, and read papers at this conference. In June, on the recommendation of the Board of the Faculty of Arts, the Academic Board agreed that the Department of Phone¬ tics should be reconstituted as the Department of Linguistics, and that the new Department should have a professorial head.

Research or Special Interest of Members of the Department

The McCallien, C., m.a. . ■ Associate Professor physiological basis of speech. Attainment tests in spoken language.

Woolley, J. S., m.a. Lecturer Dialect geography. Dia¬ lects of English. Langua¬ ges in contact.

Hilling, W. E., m.a. Lecturer Transformation grammar. The development of speech in the child.

Boadi, L. A., m.a. Lecturer Twi phonology and gram¬ mar.

Painter C., b.a. Lecturer The distribution and phonology of Guang.

DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

The Department provided courses for students reading for the following degrees: B.A. Honours in Philosophy B.A. General B.A. and B.Sc. in Sociology LL.B. M.A. in African Studies.

This Department decided to introduce a course in Social Philo¬ sophy which will be an alternative for the B.A. General as well as an eighth compulsory paper for the B.A. (Hons.) Degree in Philo¬ sophy which is required by the Board of Faculty of Arts. The Department greatly benefited from lectures given by Mr. Robert Sprigge on The History of Political Thought.

20 At the beginning of the year, the Department welcomed as temporary lecturer, Mr. Edgar Page, b.a. (Durham) who had been lecturing at the University of Oxford.

During the year, Professor W. E. Abraham acted as Head of Department.

Below are the publications and research interests of members of the Department :

Publications

W. E. Abraham:

(i) "The Mind of Africa" 206 pp. ; Weidenfeld and Nicholson (London), University of Chicago Press (U.S.A.). (ii) "Creators of Literature" in Prospect, pp. 155-161. Alfred Hutchinson Co., Ltd., London.

(iii) "On Cultural Independence" in New Society No. 19, p. 19. D. Gjertsen—"An axiomatisation of S5 in terms of Q" (with J. E. Lemmon) in Appendix II of A. N. Prior's " Formal Logic," 2nd Edition, 1962.

Research Interests

W. E. Abraham, b.a. (Lond.), Foundation of Mathematics m.a., B.Phil. (Oxon.) Social Philosophy.

P. C. Gibbons, b.a. (Sydney), Implication and Empty Terms B.Phil. (Oxon.) The Concept of Relevance Definition, superlative and forms Resemblance between ideas in Ber¬ keley. E. F. Collins, b.a. (Camb.) Moral and Political Philosophy through Ashanti/England case his¬ tories. Rationalisation of source materials.

J. E. Wiredu, b.a. (Lond.), Foundations of Human Knowledge b.phil. (Oxon.). The Meaning of Existence through an investigation of the origin of con¬ cepts.

D. Gjertsen, b.a. (Leeds) Some Theories of Causality: Darwin and Pangenesis. Threats and Warnings.

21 DEPARTMENT FOR THE STUDY OF RELIGIONS

Senior Members and their Research Interest

Baeta, C. G., b.a., b.d., ph.d. Professor The Indigenous African & Head of Religions. The Effects of Department. the African Revolution upon Religious Institu¬ tions.

Hicks, D. C., bd., m.a. Lecturer Studies in the Correlation of Values in Religion, Morality and Art.

Dickson, Kwesi A., b.d., b.litt. Lecturer Priesthood among the Gas. The History of the Church in Ashanti. The Teaching of the Bible in Schools.

Stewart, J. V., b.a. Lecturer The Development of Doc¬ trine in the first three centuries. The Indi¬ genous Religions of the Volta Basin Area (Volta River Basin Project).

Steemers, Fr. J. C. S., s.m.a. Lecturer The Dente Cult and its Local Adaptations in the Kratchi Area (Volta River Basin Project).

Staff Changes The Revd. Professor N. Q. King left early in the session to take up his new appointment as Professor and Head of the Department of Religious Studies in Makerere University College at Kampala, Uganda. Soon after his departure the Revd. Father J. C. S. Steemers, S.M.A., joined the staff as Lecturer in New Testament and related studies. Dr. S. A. Kamali was appointed as Senior Lecturer in Islam and Arabic but was unable to come to Ghana before the close of the session.

General

The last batch of students to complete their studies on the old London B.D. syllabuses were examined on them (as a special case) for the new B.A. (Hons.) Legon degree in the Study of Religions, the Special Relationship with London University having been terminated. The best examination results (an Upper Second) were obtained by the only woman member of the class, who received a University of Ghana scholarship for further study at Girton College in Cambridge.

22 Of the graduates of the previous year one entered the University of Chicago and another that of Heidelberg for post-graduate work on scholarships very kindly made available by the African-American Student Exchange Programme and the West German Government respectively. Two Special Entry students, one a post-graduate from West Germany and the other an undergraduate from the U.S.A., studied in the Department on courses specially selected to meet their needs. The German post-graduate student greatly enriched the Department by the quality of his contributions in student discussions. The Departmental Staff took a large share in the launching of the Ghana Theological Association, which is affiliated to the Ghana Academy of Sciences.

Distinguished Visitors During the Lent Term Dr. Michael Argyle of the Oxford University Institute of Experimental Psychology gave two courses of lectures on " The Psychology of Religion and of Morals " and " Current Social Problems ", which were attended by students of this Department and of the Department of Sociology. Professor Werner Bieder of Basle University gave a series of three lectures which were afterwards published in a Swiss periodical of Theology. Professor P. R. Ackroyd of King's College in the University of London delivered a lecture to participants in the Refresher Course on " The Authority of the Old Testament ". Other visitors included Dr. and Mrs. R. T. Jourdain of the Overseas Research Department of the Church of England.

Conferences and Visits The annual Easter Refresher Conference for Clergy, Ministers and Religious Leaders, organised in conjunction with the Univer¬ sity's Institute of Public Education, was duly held, the attendance being larger than ever before. The participants expressed their warm appreciation of this facility offered by the University. The Department again fully shared in the Institute of Public Education's New Year School at Legon and its institutes held at Tamale and Kumasi. Professor Baeta preached at the Commemoration Service and delivered a lecture on " The Church in the newly independent African States " during the Foundation Day celebrations of the

23 University of Ibadan. He also attended two conferences on " The Messianisms and Syncretisms of Africa the one organised by the Research Department of the World Council of Churches and held in Northern Rhodesia, the other by the Benedictine Monks of Toumliline (supported by the Ford Foundation) and held in the Ivory Coast.

Publications The Church in the ' Wind of Baeta, C. G. .. Change ', a chapter in a Symposium in honour of H. P. van Dusen, edited by Professors Pauck and Serie Bates, in course of printing at New York. Hicks, D. C. What is a Person ? A series of three articles in the Ghana Bulletin of Theology. Basic Values and Derived Values. A Ph.D. thesis submitted in the Department of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh University. Dickson, K. A. The Meaning of Sacrifice, an article in the Ghana Bulletin of Theology. Le Culte, a study of cultic practice, ancient and modern with particular reference to the African scene, in Report of the Methodist Church in West Africa. Steemers, Fr. J. C. S. The Ministry in the New Testament, in the Ghana Bulletin of Theology. Verkondiging on Bkering in Getui- genis editor Romen and Sons, Holland.

FACULTY OF LAW

Teaching Staff Mr. S. K. Asante, ll.b. (Nott.), ll.m. (Lond.), and Mr. D. K. Afreh, ll.b. (Birm.), ll.m. (Lond.), Lecturers in Law, and Mr. Thomas O. Rose, b.a. (Princeton), ll.b. (Yale), Visiting Lecturer, were the only members of the teaching staff continuing into this academic year from the preceding session. Mr. William Burnett

24 Harvey, b.a. (Wake Forest), j.d. (Mich.), arrived in September to assume the post of Professor of Law on secondment from the University of Michigan. Supplementation and strengthening of the teaching staff became prime objectives during the remainder of the session.

In October, 1962, Dr. W. C. Ekow Daniels, ll.m. and ph.d. (Lond.), joined the staff as Lecturer in Law. Prior to his appoint¬ ment here Dr. Daniels had served as Research Officer in the School of Oriental and African Studies in the University of London. At the end of Michaelmas Term, Mr. Robert B. Seidman, b.a. (Harvard), ll.b. (Columbia), took up appointment as Senior Lecturer in Law, providing the valuable experience of fourteen years of practice in New York and Connecticut.

In addition to the enlarged staff on full-time appointments, a group of able lawyers provided invaluable part-time instruction. Mr. Justice N. A. Ollennu of the Supreme Court of Ghana, who during the last session was appointed Honorary Professor of Law, again offered a series of lectures on aspects of Ghanaian Land Law. Other part-time lecturers included Mr. E. A. Bannerman, b.a. and ll.b. (Camb.), Senior Lecturer in the Ghana Law School; Mr. A. N. E. Amissah, m.a. (Oxon.), Director of Public Prosecutions of Ghana; Mr. Kwasi Gyeke-Dako, b.a. (Southampton), Senior State Attorney; Mr. J. K. Agyemang, ll.b. (Nott.), ll.m. (Lond.), Lecturer in the Ghana Law School; and Mr. Gordon R. Woodman, ll.b. (Camb.), Research Fellow in this Faculty.

During the year, the following new appointments were made, to take at effect the beginning of the 1963-64 academic year: Gordon R. Woodman, ll.b. (Cantab.)—Visiting Lecturer in Law, Michael Thoyer, b.a. (Mich.), j.d. (Northwestern), ll.m. (Columbia)—Lecturer in Law, J. K. Agyemang, ll.b. (Nott.), ll.m. (Lond.)—Lecturer in Law, Thomas A. Mensah, b.a. (Lond.), ll.b. (Lond.), ll.m. (Yale)—Lecturer in Law, George K. Ofosu-Amaah, b.a. (Southampton), ll.b. (Camb.)—Lecturer in Law, Jeremy T. Harrison, b.s. and ll.b. (San Francisco), ll.m. (Harvard)—Lecturer in Law, Vern G. Davidson, b.a. and ll.b. (U.C.L.A.)—Lecturer in Law, Judith Reinhardt Thoyer, b.a. (Mich.)—Law Librarian.

25 The generous support provided by the University in the develop¬ ment of teaching staff is gratefully acknowledged. For the first time in the history of this Faculty, the entire responsibility for the organization and teaching of courses was committed to a full-time staff whose instructional loads could be limited to levels consistent with the urgent demands for research and contribution to the legal literature of Ghana. It is gratifying to record the unstinted support provided by the SAILER Project of the Institute of International Education in their effort to develop an excellent staff.

Achievement of Faculty Status From its beginning in 1959, instruction in Law in the University was structured in a Department of Law within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences. This year, in connection with a general revision of the internal government of the University, the Department of Law was granted an independent Faculty status and Professor Harvey was elected Dean of the Faculty.

Curricula Revision

At the beginning of the session, the Degree programme was limited to a four-year, semi-professional LL.B., predicated on the assumption that all students aimed at full professional qualification. Regulations governing admission to the profession in Ghana required the holder of the LL.B. to take a further year of practical instruction in the Ghana Law School, an institution situated in Accra under the supervision of the General Legal Council of Ghana.

Early in the session discussions between the University and the General Legal Council were begun, looking toward extensive revision of the degree programme of the University and of the basis for admission to the Bar. Throughout these discussions the Council provided firm support for the improvement of legal education in Ghana while remaining sensitively aware that decisions concerning degree structures and requirements must remain exclusively within the jurisdiction of University bodies. The Faculty of Law would record their gratitude to the Council for unfailing co-operation and assistance.

The discussions eventuated in a number of important decisions by the Council and by the University. The Council authorised a phasing-out of the instructional programmes of the Ghana Law School, final closing to take place in July, 1964, and a complete

26 delegation to the University of all teaching functions in Law. The University in turn approved a restructuring of its programme to provide for a three-year, non-professional law degree, to be called the Bachelor of Arts (Honours) in Law, and a two-year, professional Bachelor of Laws Degree. Both of these degrees from the University of Ghana, or equivalent education in other institutions, will here¬ after be required for admission to the profession in this country.

The curricular revisions approved and made applicable to all present students in the Faculty provide a number of significant advantages : (1) The amount of instruction in non-legal subjects has been increased, thus assuring a more broadly and liberally educated Bar.

(2) The disciplinary and cultural aspects of legal education have been made available within a three-year degree to students who will not seek full professional qualification.

(3) All instruction in Law has been consolidated within a full-time Faculty, able to support their teaching with necessary research.

(4) The total cost of programmes of legal education will be reduced through the elimination of duplicate facilities.

In connection with the revision of degree structures, all existing course syllabuses were reviewed and revised and syllabuses prepared for new courses. The Faculty are therefore prepared for the coming year with a carefully considered curriculum responsive to the develop¬ ing needs of Ghana.

Physical Plant

Since 1959, the Law Department and Faculty were housed in a wing of Balme Library. The Faculty's needs outstripped the available space, however, and the growth of Balme Library created a pressing need for the space now allocated to Law. These factors dictated a decision to design and construct temporary accommodation for the Law Faculty. The new buildings which were completed during the present long vacation include a Library to accommodate 15,000 volumes, a collection of periodicals and approximately 90 readers, 4 lecture rooms with a seating capacity of 45 students each, as well as office and tutorial space for each Senior Member and the clerical staff.

27 Faculty Activities Beyond their normal teaching activities, members of this Faculty participated in a wide variety of University and public activities during the session. These are summarised briefly as follows : Mr. Siedman had a heavy research commitment, directed primarily toward the preparation of teaching books for the courses in Criminal Law, Administrative Law and Evidence. The first two of these will be ready for use at the beginning of the next session. He also served as Editor-in-Chief of the University of Ghana Law Journal which will be described hereafter. Mr. Seidman has completed for early publication in law journals longer articles on certain aspects of mens rea in the African context and the obligation to cross-examine in criminal trials as well as two comments on recent cases. He also serves as the Dean's representative on the Board of the School of Administra¬ tion.

Mr. Asante's research focused on various aspects of Ghanaian land law, looking toward the publication of a teaching book on the subject. An article by him, entitled " The Supreme Court and Judicial Precedent ", is scheduled for publication in the next issue of the University of Ghana Law Journal. Mr. Asante represented the Ghana Government at a Colloquium on African Law held in London from 4th-14th June, 1963. He serves as Secretary to the Sarbah Society, and was a member of a sub-committee of the Society which prepared and submitted to Government an extensive commentary on the Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance Bill, on the basis of which legislative action on this important Bill was deferred for further study. Mr. Afreh, Dr. Daniels and Mr. Agyemang also participated in this important activity. Mr. Asante's further activities included membership of the Academic Board, the Development Committee and Admissions Board of the University as well as substantial service to Legon Hall. He was also a useful member of the Law Reform Commit¬ tee which advises on pending legislation. Mr. Afreh was engaged in the preparation of a review of the new Sale of Goods Act of Ghana. This article was scheduled for publication in Ghana Law Journal. He is a member of the Acade¬ mic Board and a Tutor of Commonwealth Hall. In addition to continuing research for his projected book on The Common Law in West Africa, Dr. Daniels has had the following publications : " Some Principles of the Law of Trusts in West Africa 6, Journal of African Law, 144-178 (1962).

28 " Why the British Constitution Model is Unsuited to Africa The Nkrumaist Student, Vol. 1, No. 2 (1963).

" Review of Lloyd, Yoruba Land Law," Bulletin of School of Oriental and African Studies (1963).

" Review of Bennion, " Constitutional Law of Ghana Journal of African Law (1963).

" Land Tenure in Ghana ", a paper prepared for submission to the Symposium on African Land Control in Lovanium University, Leopoldville, Republic of the Congo.

Dr. Daniels was one of the guest speakers at the All-African Students Conference held in London, April 17-19, 1963. He also served during the long vacation on the Working Committee representing Ghana at the meeting in Addis Ababa to establish a Secretariat under the new Charter of African Unity, and, at the invitation of the Tanganyikan Government, attended a conference on Local Courts and Customary Law held in Dar-es Salaam in September. He served on the Publications Board of the University and represented this Faculty on the Board of the Faculty of Arts.

Mr. Rose published a review of Bennion, Constitutional Law of Ghana in the Summer, 1963, issue of the Sudan Law Journal. He had in preparation an article analysing the Republican Constitu¬ tion of Ghana and some of the forces which shaped it. He partici¬ pated in two career conferences sponsored by the Manpower Unit of the Ministry of Planning for secondary school students, one at Winneba Secondary School in October, 1962, and the other at Okuapeman Secondary School, Akropong, in June, 1963. Mr. Rose's appointment in this Faculty terminated at the end of the session. He accepted appointment as Lecturer in the new Faculty of Law being established in Haile Sellassie I University, Addis Ababa.

Mr. Woodman continued his major study of Ghanaian land law, which is being carried out under the joint auspices of this Faculty and Cambridge University. His article on methods of conveying family land in Ghana will appear in the next issue of Ghana Law Journal. In addition to membership in the Sarbah Society, he participated in a symposium on the new Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance Bill, jointly sponsored by this Faculty and the Department of Sociology in February.

During the session Professor Harvey presented a paper to the Sarbah Society on " National Goals and International Law His

29 Inaugural Lecture, " A Value Analysis of Ghanaian Legal Develop¬ ment Since Independence was delivered on May 24, 1963, and was published by the Government Printer. He also published " The Evolution of Ghana Law Since Independence " in the Autumn, 1962, issue of Law and Contemporary Problems. On October 3, he read a paper entitled " Fundamental Value Decisions in African Legal Development " to a Conference on Traditional and Modern African Law, held in Venice, Italy, under the sponsorship of the Fondazione Giorgio Cini and the Société Africaine de Culture.

University of Ghana Law Journal

One of the most significant events of the year was the decision of the Faculty Board to assume responsibility for the publication of the Legon Law Journal which had appeared during the preceding academic year in cyclostyled form as a student venture. Mr. Seidman, Dr. Daniels and Mr. Agyemang were appointed Editors, the usual journal format was adopted and the name changed to University of Ghana Law Journal. Arrangements were made for publication and international distribution by Sweet and Waxwell, London.

FACULTY OF SCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY

There were many changes of Senior Staff during the year and the work of the Department suffered somewhat as a result. Dr. J. Y. Wilson was seconded to the Ghana Academy of Sciences early in the year but continued to do some teaching during the Lent Term. Professor Sansome left in December, 1962, shortly after delivering a belated inaugural address on " Teaching Botany in the Tropics", to take up the Chair of Botany in Ahmad u Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria. His departure however meant two vacancies in the depart¬ ment rather than one since his wife who left with him also held a Senior Lectureship.

Dr. G. W. Lawson was promoted to the vacant Chair of Botany and had the difficult job of beginning the Lent Term with the assistance of only two other full-time Senior Members (Dr. Harris and Dr. Laing) who were both promoted to Senior Lectureships later in the academic year. The staffing problem was rendered

30 especially acute due to the fact that an entirely new course for M.Sc. students was being run for the first time. The department was fortunate in obtaining the services of Dr. E. J. A. Asomaning, an experienced Plant Physiologist from the Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo, as a part-time lecturer for the M.Sc. course.

The staffing shortage was further relieved by the arrival of two new appointees, Miss A. McCusker from Australia in February and Dr. M. Hossain from Pakistan in March.

Professor Lawson took part in the International Indian Ocean Expedition by joining an American psychological team in a survey on the East African coast for several weeks at the beginning of the academic year. A large variety of algal material was collected on the shores of Kenya and Tanganyika and a report on it is in preparation. Professor Lawson also visited the Kariba dam and gained first hand information on methods of combating the aquatic weed problem on the lake.

The air-conditioning plant of the new herbarium was completed during the session and the collection which had been temporarily housed in a lecture room was moved in. It is hoped that the valuable collection of herbarium specimens will now exist free from possible deterioration in its new environment.

Mr. O. B. Dokosi, a former student of the University, was awarded a fellowship tenable in the department by the Ghana Academy of Sciences at the beginning of 1963 to complete the book on " Herbs of Ghana " started by the late Dr. F. R. Irvine. His work is being supervised by members of the senior staff of the depart - ment. The herbarium Technician, Mr. G. K. Akpabla, who had worked for many years in the department and who had a very wide know¬ ledge of African plants, retired at the end of the long vacation 1963. Mr. E. R. Vaughan continued his work on the development of the Botanic Garden and also began work on an entirely new venture—a University farm on the Legon campus. Two large new green houses were taken over and put into use, and a new improved Seed List was published. Several members of the department attended the West African Science Association Conference at Kumasi during the Easter vacation and Professor Lawson presented a paper in collaboration with Mr. W. Pople on " Distribution of marine life on a rock sublittoral reef (Vernon Bank, Ghana) ". Dr. Harris and Dr. Laing attended the Genetics Congress at the Hague in September, 1963.

31 Professor G. E. Fogg from Bedford College, London, distin¬ guished for his researches on algal biochemistry, visited the depart¬ ment during the Trinity Term.

Research Activities Professor G. W. Lawson—(i) Ecology of marine algae. (ii) Aquatic weed ecology. Dr. B. J. Harris—(i) Cytology of Ghanaian plants. (ii) West African bryophytes. Dr. E. Laing—Biometry. Miss A. McCusker—Aquatic weed ecology. Dr. M. Hossain—(i) Studies in the genus Trifolium L. (ii) Grasses of Ghana.

Publications Laing. E.—(with W. Pople and G. W. Lawson) 1963. The dis¬ covery of Hydra in West Africa. G.A.S.T. Bull., 5 (1) pp. 36-7. Laing, E.—1963. Age and tuberculosis morbidity. Ghana J. Sei., 3 (1) pp. 47-51. Lawson, G. W.—1963. Volta Basin Research Project. Nature, 199 (4896) pp. 858-9.

Morton, J. K.—1962. Cytotaxonomic studies on the West African Labiatae. J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.), 58 (372) pp. 231-83. Morton, J. K.—1962. The Flora of Islay and Jura. Proc. Bot. Soc. Br. Isles, 3 (3) pp. 1-59.

Morton, J. K.—1963. Contribution towards a Flora of Ghana. Ghana J. Sei., 3 (1) pp. 44-6. Sansome, E. and Harris, B. J.—1962. Use of Camphor-induced polyploidy to determine the place of meiosis in Fungi. Nature, 196 (4851) pp. 291-2. Tomlinson, P. B.—1961. The Anatomy of Monocotyledons II Palmae. pp. xii 453. Oxford*. Wilson, J. Y.—1962. West African Lilies and Orchids by J. K. Morton (Review). Ghana J. Sei., 2 (2) pp. 233-4. Wilson, J. Y.—1963. Leaf anatomy in relation to drought resistance in some shrubs of the Accra plains. Ghana J. Sei., 3 (1) pp. 28-34.

♦Dr. Tomlinson actually left the department two years ago but the major part of the work on this important volume was accomplished during his stay in Ghana.

32 Botanic Garden

A fair amount of progress was made in the further development of the Botanic Garden during 1963. A new introduction border was made into which a number of plants from other Botanic Gardens were placed. Only by growing such introductions for a trial period can their ability to settle down to what is often a totally different environment be safely ascertained. The ornamental lake gave rise to a great deal of concern during the early part of the year when it was discovered that crocodiles had driven large holes into the dam wall which began to leak in several places at an alarming rate during the early rains. This diffi¬ culty was overcome by the erection of a natural stone barrier along the more vulnerable parts of the wall. The number of visitors to the Garden steadily increased and some of the University students appeared to have discovered that the Garden affords them a quiet and pleasant retreat. The annual exchange of seeds with other Botanic Gardens once more proved popular, some 60 exchanges having been made; this was not as many as in the previous years but it is interesting to note that many of them were from Gardens and Botanical Institutions who had not before made requests. This was probably due to the fact that, as well as an improvement having been made to the list itself, a fair number of new species had been added. Another interesting point is the number of requests which were made from China, Japan and the Soviet Union, probably the result of adding to the distribution list quite a number of new addresses. Mention should also be made of the arrival of the new Assistant Curator, Mr. L. M. Quartey, who began to make his mark on the Garden, particularly in the raising of new decorative plants for distribution to the University buildings and grounds.

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY

Senior Members and their Research Interests Torto, F. G. T. O'B., Professor Natural Products b.sc., ph.d. Natural Products Quartey, J. A. K., m.a., Associate Professor .. ph.d., f.r.i.c. Bekoe, D. A., b.sc., Senior Lecturer X-ray Crystallography d. phil. Hutcheon, A. T., m.a., Lecturer Diffusion of Polymers in ph.d. Solvents. Thermodynamics of Cation Exchange on Clay.

33

2 Whipple, R. O., b.s., m.s. Lecturer Synthesis of Hallucino¬ genic Drugs. McCann, A. P., b.sc., Lecturer Infra-red Spectra of Inor- PH.D. ganic Complexes.

Harris, G. H., b.sc., m.a., Lecturer . . .. Synthetic Organic Chemis- PH.D. try. Sundaram, K. M. S., m.a., Lecturer Electrochemistry, Molecu- M.sc., PH.D. lar Polarisability and Dipole Moments of Organic Molecules. Staff Changes (i) Professor F. G. Torto, who had served with the United Nations from December, 1961, as a scientific consultant, returned to the department in March, 1963. (ii) Professor J. A. K. Quartey proceeded to Cambridge on study leave at the end of the Lent term. (iii) Dr. D. A. Bekoe spent the whole of the session on study leave in the University of California at Los Angeles. (iv) Mr. R. O. Whipple resigned at the end of the academic year. Conferences Dr. D. A. Bekoe attended the Congress of the International Union of Crystallography in September 1963 and presented a paper on " The Crystal Structure of the Hexahydrated Calcium Salt of Hexacyanoisobutylene (with P. K. Gantzel and K. N. Trueblood). Dr. G. H. Harris attended the Congress of the Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in July 1963 and presented a paper on " The Friedel-Crafts Reaction of Alkyl Thiolchloroformates with Aromatic Hydrocarbons or Olefines ".

Visitors Visitors to the department included Professor Dorothy Hodgkin, F.R.S., of Oxford University and Professor J. W. Hickinbottom of London University.

Publications Quartey, J. A. K.—Chemical Examination of the Fruit of Afraegle Paniculata (Schum. and Thonn.) Engl. Part III. The Coumarin Component. Indian J. Appl. Chem., 1962, 26, pp. 17-18.

Sundaram, K. M. S.— Molar Kerr Constants and Dipole Moments of Vinyl bromide and its Polymers, R. J. W. LeFevre and K. M. S. Sundaram, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, pp. 4003-4008.

34 The Apparent Polarities and Molar Kerr Constants of Quinones, R. J. W. LeFevre, (Mrs.) A. Sundaram and K. M. S. Sundaram, ibid., 1963, pp. 974-979. The Molar Kerr Constants of Methyl Methacrylate and its Polymers, R. J. W. LeFevre and K. M. S. Sundaram, ibid., 1963, pp. 1880-1887. The Molar Kerr Constants and Conformations of Polyaryls as Solutes, R. J. W. LeFevre, (Mrs.) A. Sundaram and K. M. S. Sundaram, ibid., 1963, pp. 3180-3188. The Molar Kerr Constants and Dipole Moments of Methyl Acrylate and its Polymers, R. J. W. LeFevre and K. M. S. Sundaram, ibid., 1963, pp. 3188-3193. The Molar Kerr Constants, Dipole Moments, etc., of Isoprene, Polyisoprenes and some related Compounds, idem, ibid., 1963, pp. 3547-3554. Molar Kerr Constants, Polarisations, idem, ibid., 1963, pp. 4442-4446. Molecular Polarisability. The Conformations of Dime- thoxynaphthalenes and Methoxyanthracenes, R. J. W. LeFevre, (Mrs.) A. Sundaram and K. M. S. Sundaram, ibid., 1963, pp. 4446-4450. Harris, G. H.—Process for the Nitration of o-Toluic Acid, G. H. Harris and B. C. Fischback, U.S. Patent No. 3,100,797 (13/8/63).

DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY Mr. L. A. K. Quashie and Mr. M. K. Mensah joined the department as Lecturers in October 1962. Publications Nicholson, R. and Walton, J. B.—The structural geology of the Navervatn-Storglomvatn area, Glomfjord, Northern Norway. Norsk GeoI. Tidsskrift, 43,1, 1963, pp. 1-58. Railey, E. B. and McCallien, W. J.—Liguria Nappe: Northern Appennines. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, LXV, No. 13, 1963, pp. 315-333.

Smit, A. F. J.—The Origin of Lake Bosumtwi and some other Problematic Structures. Ghana Jour. Sei., 2, 2, 1962, pp. 176-196.

35

2a Research and Special Interests McCallien, W. J. Professor .. Sedimentary structures in the Upper Palaeozoic sediments of Ghana. Birrimian pillow lavas and associated intru¬ sions in western Ghana. Geology : Koforidua, Nsawam, Winneba. Smit, A. F. J Lecturer Micropalaeontology, stratigraphy and palaeoecology. The foraminifera of the Mesozoic-Tertiary of Ghana. The Lake Bo- sumtwi and Nebiewale features (Ghana). Stu¬ dies in the Spanish Pyrenees. Austin, W. G. C. Lecturer Birrimian granites. Coastal morphology. Industrial minerals. Clay deposits of Ghana with special reference to the Volta Resettlement area. Mensah, M. K Lecturer Stratigraphy, palaeonto¬ logy and subsurface geology of the Cre¬ taceous-Eocene sedi¬ mentary rocks of S.E. and S.W. Ghana.

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS Dr. Sampanthar, Dr. Ladzinski, and Mr. Jackson joined the staff. Dr. Ladzinski's appointment was for one year. Dr. Hartley was on study leave during the first term of the academic year. The two candidates for the B.Sc. Special Degree in Mathematics, Osei and Akyeampong, were both awarded Upper Second Class Honours, and have proceeded to the United Kingdom on post¬ graduate Scholarships to pursue advanced studies in Mathematical Statistics and Mathematical Physics respectively. All the candidates for the B.Sc. General (University of Ghana) Degree with Mathematics as one subject were successful in the examination held in June, 1963. Teaching began on a new syllabus for the B.Sc. General this year. This syllabus was designed to give the students a better under¬ standing of the nature and the uses of modern mathematics.

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS Staff Professor R. W. H. Wright left the Department in January to takeuphis new appointment as Professor of Physics in the University

36 of the West Indies and Rev. Dr. J. R. Koster was appointed Acting Head of the Department. Later in the year Professor A. N. May, who assumed duties as the Special Professor in Physics in the previous year, was appointed Head of the Department. Dr. V. R. S. Hutton resigned to take up her new appointment as Senior Lecturer at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Northern Nigeria, and Mr. B. R. Clemesha resigned his Research Fellowship to join Professor Wright. In the Radio-Isotope and Health-Physics Unit, Dr. A. H. Ward, the Acting Director, was promoted an Associate Professor in the University. He was on study leave from 17th April to 27th September at the Bristol General Hospital Physics Department. During his absence Mr. J. D. Marr, who is here as Technical Adviser to the Unit under Canadian Technical Aid, was responsible for the Unit. Dr. K. C. Banerjee resigned from his Research Fellowship in the Unit to take up a Lectureship at University College of Cape Coast. Dr. A. Sundaram was appointed Research Fellow in March, 1963. Mr. C. P. Ntiforo, who was attached to the Unit during 1961-62 as a Graduate-in-Training, went to Birmingham with an International Atomic Energy Agency Fellowship. He has now taken his M.Sc. there and the Fellowship has been extended for another year. Mr. S. Dakubu, who joined the Unit as a Graduate-in-Training at the beginning of the year acted as " Ghanaian counterpart " to Mr. K. S. Gussgard, a visiting International Atomic Energy Agency expert on radiation protection. He has now gone to Norway with an I.A.E.A. Fellowship to study radiation protection and health- physics. One of the Technical Assistants in the Unit, Mr. C. B. Fianu, has returned to us after 18 months training under Canada- Ghana Technical Aid training at the Chalk River Laboratories of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited. Mr. T. Damptey, one of the Technical Assistants of the Physics Department, is on a training course in London for two years under United Kingdom/Ghana Mutual Technical Aid, and Mr. C. K. Aheto has been on a similar course for four months in preparation for the liquid air plant which the Department is receiving under this aid scheme. Mr. J. Prah, who graduated in the Department in July, has been appointed a Lecturer in Physics at the University College of Cape Coast. Mr. R. D. Baeta and Mr. G. Adanu, who took their B.Sc. Honours degrees this year, are starting M.Sc. courses next year in the Solid State Unit under Professor May where they will join Mr. A. S. K. Atsu who graduated in 1962.

37 Visitors

There were a number of distinguished visitors to the Department during the year.

Professor Sir Nevill Mott, f.r.s., Cavendish Professor of Physics at Cambridge, came to the University to deliver the Rutherford Lecture. Whilst here Professor Mott had many discussions with members of the Physics Department and his advice was most helpful. Professor S. Matsushita from the High Altitude Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America, visited the Depart¬ ment from 19th November to 2nd December to help in our researches on the ionosphere. Academician Dr. V. Troitskaya from the Institute of Earth Sciences, Moscow, visited us in December, bringing with her the equipment for measurement of the earth's magnetic field and induced earth currents which was presented to the Ghana Academy of Sciences by the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Other visitors included Professor A. Lyon from the University of Ibadan and Mr. F. Greenaway of the London Science Museum, who was here for discussions on the establishment of a Science Museum. Mr. K. S. Gussgard, International Atomic Energy Agency visiting specialist in Health-Physics and Radiation Protection, worked here for six months; Professors R. A. Olson and L. Wiklander of I. A. E. A. paid an official visit to the Radio-Isotope Unit, and Mr. V. A. Golikov and Professor T. S. Polikarpov who were in Ghana as I.A.E.A. visiting experts frequently worked in the Unit.

General

A new wing of the Physics Department was brought into use during the year. One part of this wing is to house the Solid State Unit. An X-ray diffraction set is already in operation, and further apparatus for experiments on metals and other solids is being installed. The other part of the wing was occupied by Dr. Salomon's team from the National Institute of Health (Ghana Academy of Sciences) who are working in close co-operation with the Radio- Isotope Unit. The Department is helping in preparations for geophysical research during the International Quiet Sun Years (1964, 1965). Funds for equipment and research have been provided by the Ghana Academy of Sciences. The Department will mainly be concerned with research on ionospheric physics, geomagnetism and earth currents.

38 Honours

Professor May was elected a Fellow of the Ghana Academy of Sciences and was later elected to serve on the Praesidium.

Professor Ward was elected President of the Ghana Association of Science Teachers for 1963 and delivered the presidential address in April, 1963.

Conferences

Professor Ward was one of Ghana's official delegates at the United Nations Conference on the " Application of Science and Technology to Developing Areas " in Geneva (February, 1963). Dr. D. G. Osborne attended the Third Assembly of the Inter¬ national Quiet Sun Year in Rome (March, 1963) and the Symposium on the results of the International Geophysical Year in Los Angeles (August, 1963). He also attended and delivered papers at the 13th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics at Berkeley, California, and the Leverhulme Conference on the " Teaching of Physics in Universities in Africa " at Salisbury (Southern Rhodesia) in June. Dr. L. Grimes visited Ethiopia to help instai equipment there for ionospheric research. Five members of the Physics Department attended the West African Science Conference at Kumasi in April and read papers. Members of the Department gave many talks on science to schools and the general public, including lectures at the West Africa Secondary School, Accra, the Teacher Training College, Odumase, the Agricultural Training Centre, Kwadaso, Adisadel, Mfantsipim, and Achimota Schools and Aburi Girls' Secondary School, and a series of broadcast talks. Professor Ward addressed the Western Regional House of Chiefs on " The Peaceful Uses of Science with special reference to the Party's Programme of Work and Happiness ". Among other conferences in Ghana in which members of the Department took part may be mentioned a very valuable Joint Meeting of the Physics Departments of University of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology and University College of Cape Coast in November, 1962.

Several members assisted in the teaching of Physics at the University College of Cape Coast, inspected schools for the West African Examinations Council and acted as external examiners in Physics for Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology.

39 Publications

Ward, A. H.—" Growth and Adaptation of Radioisotope Work in Ghana (Paper 39/1/6 of U.N. Conference on " Applica¬ tion of Science and Technology to Developing Areas Geneva, 1963). Hunt, R. A.—" A Compact Anti-coincidence Counter for Tropical Conditions ", J. Sei. Inst. 39, 1962, pp. 604-607. Gussgard, K. S.,Dakubu, S., Ward, A. H.—" Code of Practice for the Protection of Persons Exposed to Ionising Radiations ", Accra, 1963. Clemesha, B. R.—" The Elongation of Irregularities in the Equatorial Ionosphere ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2363- 66.

Hutton, Rosemary—" The Disturbance Daily Variation of the Earth's Field Near the Magnetic Equator ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2395-2402. Hutton, Rosemary—" The S Variation of Earth Currents near the Magnetic Equator. Its Seasonal Changes and Its Relation to Variations of the Magnetic Field ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2403-2410.

Köster, J. R.—" Some Measurements on the Sunset Fading Effect ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2571-2578.

Köster, J. R.—" Some Measurements of the Irregularities Giving Rise to Radio Star Scintillations at the Equator ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2579-2590. Osborne, D. G.—" Daily Variability in Strength of the Equa¬ torial Electrojet ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2435-2439. Osborne, D. G., Skinner, N. J.—" Equatorial Drift and the Electrojet ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, 1963, pp. 2441-2444.

Hibberd, F., Wright, R. W. H.—" Preliminary Report on Recent Measurements to Determine the Width of the Equa¬ torial Sporadic E Layer ", J. Geophys. Res. 68, pp. 2527-2528.

Osborne, D. G., Wright, R. W. H.—" Physics Departments in African Universities ", Papers I and II, 1963, Proc. Leverhulme Conference. In Press.

Osborne, D. G.—" Daily Variability in Position of the Equa¬ torial Electrojet ", J. Geophys. Res. In Press.

40 Senior Member and Research Interests Wright, R. W. H., b.sc., Professor and Head of Ionosphere and geophy¬ ph.d., f.inst.p., f.r.a.s., Department sics. a.m.i.e.e. Solid state and metal May, A. N., b.a., ph.d. .. Professor and Head of Department (from physics. June, 1963.)

Ward, A. H., b.sc., ph.d., Associate Professor .. Radioactive tracers and f.inst.p., m.inst.nuc. health-physics. Eng., a.m.i.e.e. Köster, Rev. J. R., m. s., Senior Lecturer (Act¬ Ionosphere, radio astro¬ ph.d. ing Head of Depart¬ nomy. ment— J anuary- June, 1963). Hutton, Miss V. R. S., b.sc., Lecturer till Decem¬ Earth currents and varia¬ ph.d., a.inst.p. ber, 1962. tion in earth's magnetic field.

Osborne, d.g., b.sc., ph.d., Lecturer Geomagnetism. a.inst.p. McClelland, J. A. G., B.sc. Lecturer Ionospheric irregularities and drifts.

Grimes, L. G., b.sc., ph.d. Lecturer Ionospheric absorption. Redding, J. L., b.sc., ph.d. Lecturer Earth currents

Clemesha, B. R., b.sc. .. Research Fellow (till Ionosphere, radio propa¬ September, 1963). gation. Hibberd, F., b.a. Research Fellow Ionosphere, radio propa¬ gation. Banerjee, K. C, m.sc., Research Fellow (Ra¬ Radioactive tracers. ph.d dioisotope Unit—till January, 1963). Sundaram, A., m.sc., ph.d. Research Fellow (Ra¬ Radioactive tracers. dioisotope Unit— from 1st March, 1963).

HEALTH-PHYSICS AND RADIOISOTOPE UNIT (Ghana Academy of Sciences) Expansion by the Ghana Academy of Sciences in 1960 of a small University Radioisotope Unit proved successful. The Unit has co-operated with many other laboratories, assisting in their radioisotope work, and has also developed a strong central radio¬ isotope laboratory undertaking its own fundamental research in association with the Department of Physics. Co-operative radioisotope research includes :— use of radioisotope-labelled insecticides to measure distribu¬ tion and toxicity of the insecticide after various applications to cocoa trees and seedling (with Cocoa Research Institute, Tafo); use of radiophosphorus to investigate "available phosphate", optimum fertilizer treatment, and plant growth in phosphate- deficient soils (with Agricultural Research Institute, Kwadaso);

41 use of radiocarbon-labelled tree-killing chemicals to investi¬ gate difference between susceptible and resistant tree species; and use of radiophosphorus and radio-caesium to determine root-feeding pattern of rubber, coffee, and other trees and shrubs (with University of Ghana Agricultural Research Stations, Kade and Kpong) ; use of radioactive iodine in thyroid patients, to help diagnose goitre and other diseases (at Körle Bu Hospital) ; assistance with medical research involving radioisotopes (N.I.H.—N.I.H. and M.R., Legon and Körle Bu); use of radioactive water to investigate diffusion of evaporated water (vapour) under a range of weather conditions (at the Meteorology Headquarters) ; assisting with measurements of soil density and moisture- content using atomic gamma and neutron radiations on undis¬ turbed soil (Central Roads Laboratory, Weija, and new Tema Motorway). Other work includes :— running the Health-Physics and Radiation Protection service for Ghana (the Secretary of the Radiation Protection Board is a physicist of this Unit; he organises the film-badge and rontgen- calibration service for all users of X-rays, gamma-rays and radioisotopes throughout Ghana); running the technical side of radioactive fall-out monitoring, on a routine daily basis at Tamale and Legon, and with samples of food, water, air-borne dust and soil from Agricultural and Meteorological stations all over Ghana coming to Legon when there are atomic tests ; investigating the natural radioactive levels in air and rain due to thorium and uranium ores and emanations ; assisting with radioisotope teaching, demonstrations and research in the Universities, Colleges and Schools; and servicing, calibrating and " tropicalising " radioisotope and electronic equipment. The links with both the University and the Ghana Academy of Sciences are of great value, and formed the basis of a paper to the " U.N. Conference on Applications of Science and Technology for the benefit of the less developed areas ". A plan showing the probable growth of radioisotope work during the Seven-Year National Development Plan was drawn up, but it was felt that more students must choose science subjects, both at school and university level, if this plan and all other development plans needing high- calibre scientists were to succeed.

42 DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY

Professor R. D. Purchon resigned to take up appointment as Head of the Department of Botany and Zoology at the Chelsea College of Science and Technology. Dr. A. P. Mead and Dr. P. Forsyth also resigned. The following new appointments were made to the staff to the Department: Su-Tung Wen, b.sc., ph.d. (London.) L. R. Cole, b.sc. (Lond.); d.phil. (Oxon.) J. Proszynski, m.sc. (Warsaw). Dr. J. D. Thomas was promoted to an Associate Professorship. Research J. D. Thomas, b.sc., ph.d. Senior Lecturer Ecology and systematics (Wales). of helminth parasites. N. D. Jago, b.sc., ph.d. Lecturer Freshwater ecology. Eco¬ (Lond). logy and systematics of West African grass¬ hoppers. W. Pople, b.sc., m.sc. Lecturer Biology of the Volta clam; (Natal). physiology of holothu- rian muscle. b. Hughes, b.sc. (Lond.) Lecturer Locomotion in reptiles; Ophidian systematics. Su-Tung Wen, b.sc., ph.d. Lecturer Biology and behaviour of (Lond.). the larvae of Schistoso¬ ma species. L. R. Cole, b.sc. (Lond.), Lecturer Forest ecology. d. Phil. (Oxon.). J. Proszynski, m.sc. (War- Lecturer Biology and systematics saw). of spiders.

Publications Thomas, J. D.—Observations on the conservation of wild life in Ghanaian savanna. Ghana Journal of Science 2 (2): 159-175. Jago, N. D.—New species and new records of Acrididae (Orthop- tera) from West Africa. Proceedings of the Roval Entomological Society ofLondon series B. 31 (11-12): 137-150. A revision of the genus Calliptamus Serville (Orthoptera, Acrididae). Bulletin of the British Museum {Natural History) Entomology. 13 (9): 289-350. Hughes, B.—The earliest archosaurian reptiles South African Journal of Science 59 (5): 221-241. Proszynski, J.—Spider of the Zawada Forestry on the Notec River. Fragmenta Faunistica Warsaw. 10 (13): 205-214. Selamat Hari Indonesia—Na Jawie i Bali. Warsaw. Wiedza Powszechna. pp. 1-255, 58 photos, 4 maps.

43 FACULTY OF SOCIAL STUDIES

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY

The excavation at Debeira West was continued from January to March 1963 and a great deal of this very large site was uncovered providing much new information on life in Nubia in medieval times. The work was directed by Professor Shinnie, and is part of the campaign sponsored by UNESCO to save the monuments of Nubia before they are flooded by the building of the Aswan Dam. Professor Shinnie also made an archaeological reconnaissance together with Mr. Wilks of the Institute of African Studies of parts of Northern Ghana and of the Voltaic Republic examining in particular Buipe where the Gonja national hero Jakpa is buried. Dr. Davies carried out an excavation at an important early iron-age site at Ntereso, near Yapei in Northern Ghana from November to January. The finds from this site show a mixture of local neolithic with that of an intrusive culture probably coming from the Sahara.

In connection with plans for an archaeological survey of the area to be flooded by the Volta Dam, Dr. Davies investigated a number of sites in the flood area from February to May and in July excavated a possibly 17th century site at Akroso Beposo, and another con¬ taining a dump of terracottas in the village of Akroso. Dr. Davies attended the West African Science Association Congress in Kumasi, and the Vth Pan African Congress of Pre¬ history in Tenerife and read a paper on his work at Ntereso. Mr. Ozanne continued his researches into the Iron Age in Southern Ghana carrying out some exploratory work in the Accra plains during which a number of sites were found; amongst these was an exceptionally interesting one at Adwuku in the Shai Hills. He was also engaged in working up material from his excavations of the previous year with a view to their publication. The Department organised various activities during the Congress of Africanists in December, 1962, including a paper by Professor Shinnie on the excavation at Yendi Dabari of the previous year, an exhibition of recent work, and an expedition to visit the site at Adwuku mentioned above. It also sponsored a lecture by Mr. Morton Williams on " Anthropology and Archaeology at Ife ". A course of lectures on the history of Ancient Egypt was given by Professor Shinnie for the benefit of undergraduates reading Ancient History. In addition, he and Dr. Davies lectured to the First Year African Studies course.

44 Mr. Carter, the Chief Technician, resigned during the year to go to Cambridge to study Archaeology. Publications Shinnie, P. L. and " A New Pot Fabric from Nubia " Shinnie, M. Antiquity, Vol. 37, pp. 61-63. Davies, O. " Neolothic Cultures of Ghana Acts and of IV Pan-African Congress, pt. 2, Evans, E. E. p. 291. " Stone Age in West Africa ", Ghana Journal of Science, 3, p. 1. and " Irish Court-Cairns Ulster Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 24-25, p. 2. Ozanne, P. " Indigenes or Invaders Antiquity, Vol. 37, pp. 229-231.

Research or Special Interest

Shinnie, P. L., m.a., f.s.a., Professor .. .. Archaeology of the Nile a.m.a. Valley and its relations with the Nile Valley.

Davies, O., m.a., d.litt. Reader .. .. Old Stone Age of West Africa.

Ozanne, P. C., m.a. •• Lecturer .. . • Iron Age of Southern Ghana.

DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

During the academic year 1962-63 the Department of Economics continued to be divided into the Economics and Political Science sections. As it was decided that a separate Department of Political Science should be established as from the next academic year; the Political Science section operated in 1962-63 as a separate and autonomous unit within the Department.

; members Professor Jan Drewnowski, Dr. Head of Department. habil. sc. (econ.) (Warsaw). Economics Section

Mr. L. M. Burges, b.s., m.b.a., Mobil Reader in Business Adminis¬ (Harvard). tration. Dr. J. Jedruszek, dr.sc. (econ.) Senior Lecturer (until 30th April, (Warsaw). lecturer). Dr. Z. Fiejka, dr.sc. (econ.,) Lecturer. (Warsaw). Mr. G. B. Kay, b.a., (Camb.) Lecturer.

45 Mr. A. J. Killick, b.a. (Oxon.) Lecturer. Mrs. R. M. Lawson, m.com. Lecturer. (Birm.), a.c.i.s. Mr. P. P. Van der Wel, m.a., ec. Lecturer under Netherlands drs. Government Technical Assist¬ ance Programme. Mr. M. J. Bateman, b.a. (m.i.t.) Visiting Lecturer (from 14th January till 5th April, 1963). Part-time Lecturer. Mr. D. Dinour, M.sc. (soc.) .. Mr. J. H. Mensah, m.sc. (econ.) Part-time Lecturer. (London). Mr. E. N. Omaboe, b.sc. (econ.) Part time Lecturer. (London). Mrs. A. N. Seidman, b.a., m.a., Part-time Lecturer (from 1st (Columbia). January, 1963). Mr. R. Szereszewski, m.a. Part-time Lecturer. Mrs. M. E. Humphreys, m.a. Senior Research Fellow (till 28th (Camb.). February, 1963). Mr. S. C. K. Barnes, b.a., m.a., Research Fellow (from 1st (Alta). December, 1962). Mr. J. E. A. Manu, b.sc., m.a., Research Fellow. (McG.) Political Science Section Mr. B. D. G. Foison, b.sc. Lecturer, Acting Head of Section. (econ.), b. phil. (Oxon.) Dr. D. J. Finlay, ph.d., Lecturer. (Stanford). Mr. P. T. King, b.a., m.sc. Lecturer (from 30th January, 1963). (econ.) (London). Dr. Yaw Manu, m.a., ph.d., Lecturer (from 11th January, (New York). 1963). Mr. J. M. Lee, m.a., b.litt. Visiting Lecturer (from 21st April, (Oxon.). to July 6th, 1963). Mr. J. S. Spiegler, m.a. Part-time Tutor (from 3rd October, till 5th December, 1962). Mrs. J. S. Spiegler, m.a. Part-time Tutor from 23rd October till 4th December, 1962). Mr. P. Knauss, b.a., m.a., Part-time Tutor (from 21st (Harvard). January till 5th April, 1963). Mr. Shinya Hosomi, a Research Fellow from the Institute of Asian Economic Affairs, Tokyo, was guest of the Department for the whole academic year. Mr. H. W. Ord and Mr. R. M. Bostook,

46 members of a Research Team of the University of Edinburgh, were guests of the Department from 6th February to 6th April, 1963.

TEACHING

From the beginning of the academic year 1962-63 the teaching in Economics was based on the new curriculum prepared in 1960-61 for the B.Sc. (Honours) Economics degree, for the B.A. (Honours) Political Science degree and for the courses in Economics and Political Science for First University Examination and B.A. (General) degree.

In Economics, 26 courses were conducted throughout the year (2 for first year students, 9 for second year students, 9 for third year students and 6 for non-degree students of the School of Administration).

In Political Science, 11 courses were conducted (2 for first year students, and 9 for second year students). Another big change in the teaching work of the Department was caused by a considerable increase in the number of students.

Students reading Economics were divided as follows : (1) Students reading for the First University Examination

(a) in Arts and Social Studies .. .. 131

(b) in Administration .. .. . • 38

(c) in Law ...... • • 3

(d) in Social Administration ...... 15 187 (2) Students reading for B.Sc. Economics (a) in their second year 29

(b) in their third year .. ■. 18 47 (3) Students reading for B.A. General

(a) in their second year ...... 3

(b) in their third year .. .. . • 4

(4) Other students (a) taking Economics as subsidiary to other

Honours degree ...... 5 (b) non-degree courses of the School of

Administration ...... • • 97

(c) Special Admission Students .. 2 (d) Post-graduate occasional students .. 7 111

352

47 Students reading Political Science were divided as follows : (1) Students reading for the First University Examination

(a) in Arts and Social Studies .. .. 153

(b) in Administration ...... 38

(c) in Social Administration ...... 15 206 (2) Students reading for B.A. Political Science

in their second year ...... 8 (3) Students reading for B.A. General

(a) in their second year ...... 24

(b) in their third year .. 11 35 (4) Other Students

Special Admission Students ...... 3 252

STAFF SEMINAR 13 meetings of the Staff Seminar were held during the year. Discussion was introduced by members of the Department or guest speakers. Guest speakers were : Mr. G. Nez, Chief United Nations Regional Planning Mission in Ghana. Mr. R. Szereszewski, Officer-in-charge, Survey of Con¬ temporary Ghana Project, Ghana Academy of Sciences. Dr. J. Mars, Reader in Economics, University of Manchester. Mr. T. L. Hodgkin, Director, Institute of African Studies, University of Ghana. Professor Pedro Vuscovic, \ United Nations Economic Com- Dr. Osvaldo Sunkel, j mission for Latin America.

RESEARCH Mrs. M. E. Humphreys (Polly Hill), Senior Research Fellow till 28th February has worked on problems of food transportation in Ghana.

Mr. J. E. A. Manu, Research Fellow, was working on Migrant Labour in Ghana's Gold Mines.

Mr. S. O. K. Barnes, Research Fellow, was working on two subjects: Financial and Economic Consequences of the Volta River Project; Problems connected with the Ghana Income Tax.

48 Mrs. R. M. Lawson was working on Oyster Fishery in the Lower Volta. She also prepared plans for extensive research on the Lower Volta area within the framework of the University Volta Project. This work however could not be started because the financial support for this project, at first possible, was later cancelled. She was also engaged in analysing income statistics of Ghana collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics. Mr. A. J. Killick was working on Labour Problems in Ghana. Mr. P. P. Van der Wei was doing research in Problem of Inter¬ national Trade in West Africa.

CONFERENCE AND VISITS All members of the Department attended the International Conference on the Seven-Year Plan of Ghana held at Legon, 1st to 4th April, 1963 and the Economic Society of Ghana Conference held at Legon (Department of Economics Building), 8th to 10th April, 1963. Professor Drewnowski attended a Conference on " The Machinery of Planning " held at Kampala 15th to 21st September, 1963, and a conference on " Some Aspects of Development " held at Queen's College, Cambridge, 22nd September to 5th October, 1963. He also paid official visits to the Institute of National Planning, Cairo, the Faculty of Economics and Social Studies, University of Khartoum, and to the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa. Mrs. Lawson paid a six-week visit to Stanford University to take part in the analysis of income statistics collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics in Ghana. She attended also the Annual Con¬ ference of the Western Pacific Economic Society at San Francisco in August, 1963. EXTERNAL ACTIVITIES During the Academic Year 1962-63 the Department co-operated with a number of Institutions outside the University. National Planning Commission Professor Drewnowski was a member of the Planning Com¬ mission and took part not only in official meetings and conferences but also a number of working meetings. A few members of the Department were also occasionally invited to working parties discussing particular problems. Several members of the National Planning Commission staff took part in Departmental Staff Seminars. Five members of the staff were doing semi-official postgraduate studies in the Department mostly in Statistics and Econometrics.

49 Ghana Academy of Sciences Professor Drewnowski was a member of the Sociological and Economic Research Sub-Committee of the Academy. He pre¬ pared a comprehensive programme for economic research in Ghana. The programme was discussed and approved by the Sub-Committee in June, 1963. The Department co-operated with the Academy's project " The Sociological and Economic Survey of Ghana ". Mr. Szereszewski, officer-in-charge of the Project's economic section, dis¬ cussed his work twice at Departmental Staff Seminars and held many private discussions with members of the Depart¬ ment.

Economic Society of Ghana Two members of the Department (Professor Drewnowski and Mrs. Humphreys, later replaced by Mrs. Lawson) were members of the Council of the Economic Society of Ghana. The " Economic Bulletin of Ghana ", a quarterly publication, published by the Society had three members of the Department on its Editorial Board : Professor Drewnowski (Chairman), Mrs. Lawson (Editor), Dr. Jedruszek (Assistant Editor). The publication of the Bulletin was strongly supported by the Department. Accom¬ modation was provided for its publishing office, a member of the department's Junior Staff was detailed to help in the administration of the Journal and even some publication and distribution costs were paid out of departmental funds. Institute ofPublic Education The Department co-operated with the I.P.E. in its New Year and Easter Schools. Five members of the Department took part in the 1963 New Year School at Legon and one in the 1963 Easter School at Tamale. There was also co-operation in preparing the Scheme of Examination in Economics for External Degree students of the I.P.E. School of Administration The Department was responsible for courses leading to the B.Sc. (Administration) and in conjunction with the School of Administration covered also the special non-degree courses of the School. All the syllabuses in economics for those courses were revised during the academic year 1962- 63. From the beginning of that academic year all teaching in non-degree courses was taken over by the Department of Economics.

50 publications

Economics

" Jan Drewnowski Central Planning and African Econo¬ mics Pan Africa, September, 1963.

" Planning Economic Growth, " a contribution to the " Text-book of Economics for African Students ", prepared by UNESCO (not yet published). Published separately (mimeographed) by the Department of Economics in Supplementary Readings in Economics series, Legon, 1963.

" S. O. K. Barnes Public Finance in Ghana" (submitted to the publisher, Oxford University Press).

" A. J. Killick Ghana's Balance of Payments since 1950 ", Economic Bulletin, Vol. VI, No. 2 & 3. " Labour Productivity in Ghana " Ghana Academy of Sciences, (mimeographed) 1963.

" Rowena M. Lawson The Index of Consumer Prices relat¬ ing to Expenditure Patterns of Junior Staff, Legon, Economic Bulletin, Vol. VI, No. 3.

" Engel's Law and its Application to Ghana ", Economic Bulletin, Vol. VI. No. 4. " A Human Needs Diet—the Western Pattern in Ghana ", Economic Bulletin, Vol. V, No. 1.

" Conference on Ghana's Seven-Year Development Plan, " Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. 1, No. 3.

" J. E. A. Manu Patterns of Economic Development", The Journal of Management Studies Vol. 2, No. 1, June, 1962.

51 Ann Seidman Articles: " A Study of the Influence of Foreign Capital in Brazil's Postwar Develop¬ ment The Economic Bulletin, Vol. VII, No. 3. Book Reviews: " The Great Price Conspiracy by John Herling. " Pricing Power and the Public Interest, a Study Based on Steel, " by Gardiner C. Means. " The Price of Prosperity, " by Peter L. Bernstein. " Latin America, Diplomacy and Reality ", by Adolf A. Berle. " In Economic Notes ", published by Labour Research Association, U.S.A. " Introduction to Economics ", by Walter Birmingham, Economic Bul¬ letin of Ghana Vol. VII, No. 1. " Fundamentals of Economics, " by R. J. Barnes, Economic Bulletin, Vol. VI, No. 4. Political Science B. D. G. Folson " The Communist View of Colonial¬ ism " in Non-Aligned Afro-Asian Countries in a Divided World, edited by Professor K. L. London of George Washington University, Washington, D.C. P. T. King " Aspects of African Military Unity, " Présence Africaine, III trim. 1963.

DEPARTMENT AND INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION Staff Owing to resignations, the staff was reduced to four in number at the beginning of the session. Mr. B. H. G. Chaplin continued to act as Head of the Department and Mr. H. J. Andrews and Mr. B. S. Kwakwa respectively as Director and Secretary of the Institute. Mr. W. Flemming made a three-week visit in October to direct the planning of the year's courses and on January 1, 1964, took up his appointment as Professor of Education in charge of the Institute and the Department.

52 Mr. E. A. Haizel was appointed Lecturer in Education with special reference to History Method, with effect from January 1, 1963. Mr. J. F. K. Acquaye returned in June, 1963, from Columbia University Teachers' College, New York, where he successfully completed a one-year course of study leading to the degree of M.A. Mr. N. O. Anim, the Institute Secretary, spent the year, the first of a two-year period of study leave, at Columbia University Teachers' College, New York. Staff shortages made it necessary to call on the services of a number of part-time lecturers. Dr. Mundy Castle and Dr. R. Trent of the National Institute of Health and Medical Research, and Mr. H. Bulley, Senior Education Officer in charge of the Institute's Personnel Selection Unit, shared the work in Psychology; Miss I. Anderson, Headmistress of the Aburi Girls' Secondary School, took Geography Teaching Method, and Mr. F. K. Buah, Head¬ master of the Tema Secondary School, History Teaching Method. Mr. B. H. G. Chaplin resigned at the end of the session on his appointment to the Directorship of the Institute of Science Educa¬ tion at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. Visitors to the Institute included Professor Stanley Hockey, Head of the Department of Education, Fourah Bay College, and Professor Andrew Taylor, Director of the Institute of Education, Ibadan, who served as joint External Examiners during the session.

Students Twelve students were admitted to the course for the Postgra¬ duate Diploma in Education and twenty-three students to the course for the Associate Certificate in Education, eighteen to specialise at Primary and Middle School level and five at Junior Secondary level. Seventeen students were accepted for the three-year part-time course for the Licentiate in Education and one student for the M.Ed, course. Professor Flemming served on the Committee on pre-University Education in Ghana. Mr. E. A. Haizel was elected President of the Ghana Association of History Teachers. Dr. Fiawoo and Mr. Kwakwa served as External Examiners in Education for Cape Coast University College. Mr. H. J. Andrews served as Chief Examiner in English Language to the West African Examinations Council for School Certificate and the Civil Service Examinations. Mr. B. S. Kwakwa served as Chief Examiner in Education to the West African Examinations Council for the Teacher Training Final Examinations.

53 Members of the Institute staff attended international conferences as follows:—

Educational Planning in Developing Countries ; West Berlin, 1-6 July, 1963; sponsored by Deutsche Stiftung Fur Entwicklungslander (Professor Flemming). Mathematics Workshop; Entebbe, Uganda, 30 June-24 August; sponsored by Educational Services Incorporated, Massachusetts (Professor Flemming). Elementary Science Workshop; Watertown, Massachusetts; sponsored by Educational Services Incorporated, Massa¬ chusetts (Mr. J. F. K. Acquaye). Programmed Instruction Workshop; Ibadan, Nigeria, 12 July-23 August, 1963; sponsored by Ford Foundation (Mr. E. A. Haizel). The work of the Child Development Unit was continued both at Larteh and Tefle. Miss Agnes Klingschirn joined the Unit as part- time research worker. Dr. David Brokensha completed his research programme at the end of the session. A new investigation, into maternal and child health in Tefle, was begun by Dr. Fiawoo in collaboration with Dr. Richard Morrow of the National Institute of Health and Medical Research.

Members of staff gave lectures in schools and colleges and took part in various conferences and courses in Ghana.

DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY

Boateng, E. A., m.a., Professor/Head of De- Political geography; geo- b.litt. partaient. graphical thought and methodology. Hilton, T. E., m.a., ph.d. Senior Lecturer .. Geomorphology and po¬ pulation geography. Hunter, J. M., b.a., ph.d. Senior Lecturer .. Population geography and socio-economic studies.

Dickson, K. B., b.a., ph.d. Lecturer .. • • Historical jgeography of West Africa.

Hilling, D., b.sc., m.sc. .. Lecturer .. .. Economic geography and ports of West Africa. Staff Changes Dr. T. E. Hilton was away on study leave during the Lent Term, 1963, while Mr. A. T. Grove, lecturer in geography in the University of Cambridge, spent the Lent and Trinity Terms as a visiting lecturer in the Department. His wife, Dr. Jean Grove, who was also a Tutor in Geography in Cambridge, gave part-time lectures in the Department. Mr. F. H. K. Dunyoh, a former student of the University, was appointed to the newly created post of Senior Research Assistant in the department.

54 General

With the assistance of Mr. A. T. Grove, a wave tank was constructed in the Department for use in the teaching of geomor- phology.

Visits

Visitors to the Department during the year included Mr. Norman Pollock of Oxford University, who spent some weeks in Ghana working on a geography book of Africa. A number of geographers who attended the First International Congress of Africanists held at Legon during the Christmas vacation, 1962, also visited the Department. These include Professor Hibberd Kline of Pittsburgh, U.S.A., Professor A. S. Reyner of Howard University, U.S.A., and Dr. W. B. Morgan of the University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.

Conferences and Visits The Department again acted as host for the Annual General Conference of Ghana Geographical Association during the Easter Vacation, 1963. A student excursion led by members of staff was organised in the Northern and Upper Regions of Ghana during the Easter Vacation for the purpose of studying land forms and land use. Professor E. A. Boateng attended a conference in the Trinity Term ac the University College of Ibadan organised by the Institute of African Studies to discuss plans for an International Atlas of West Africa.

Publications

' Boateng, E. A. Ghana Geographical Association: A Review of the first Seven Years,' Bulletin of the Ghana Geographical Association, Vol. 8, No.l, January, 1963.

Articles on Regional Geography of Ghana for Encyclopaedia Britannica.

' Hilton, T. E. The Development of the South Eastern Coastal Plains of Ghana, ' Journal of Tropical Geography, Singapore, Vol. XVI, Oct. 1962, pp. 18-31. ' Ghana,' Encyclopaedia Hebraica, Jerusalem (Pages, etc., as yet unknown).

55 ' Hunter, J. M. A Specimen Observational Traverse,' Bulletin of Ghana Geographical Association, Vol. 7, Nos. 1-2, 1962, pp. 41-53.

' A Note on the Post Enumeration Uses of the 1960 Population Census Enumeration Area Maps', Bulletin of the Ghana Geographical Associa¬ tion, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1963, pp. 27-32.

' Dickson, K. B. Historical Geography in West Africa,' Bulletin of the Ghana Geographical Association Vol. 8, No. 1, 1963 pp. 11-21

' Hilling, D. Origin of Ghana's Cocoa Industry,' Ghana Notes and Queries, No. 5, April, 1963. ' The Changing Economy of Gabon', Geography, April, 1963, Vol. XLVIII, pp. 155-165. ' Ports and Economic Development in Equatorial Africa ', Bulletin of the Ghana Geographical Association, Vol. 8, No. 1, January, 1963, 32-37.

DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY

There were eighteen students in their final year of the B.A. Honours Course. All of them obtained their degrees in the June Examinations. Six of them were placed in the Upper Division of the Second Class, nine in the Lower Division, and three were Third Class Honours Degrees. There were twenty-seven in the second- year Honours class. The number of students in the Department was greatly inflated by two hundred and sixteen first-year students who offered History as one of their three subjects for the First Univer¬ sity Examination. The Department took an active part in the course in African Studies given to all first-year students. The Department was unable to recruit a lecturer for the course on the History of North Africa and the Middle East. Professor P. L. Shinnie, Professor A. A. Kwapong and two Visiting Lec¬ turers jointly covered this course. The two Visiting Lecturers were Dr. B. G. Martin, Acting Head, Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies, University of Ibadan, and Dr. Jamil M. Abun-Nasr of the Centre for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University.

56 The ranks of the Senior Members of the Department suffered considerable depletion during the academic year. Mr. Isaac Tufuoh left for Oxford on a two years' study leave. Mr. Jack Lander who had been with the Department for more than a decade resigned on his appointment as Associate Professor, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada. Mrs. Margaret Bax (formerly Miss M. A. Priestley), another veteran member of the Department (since 1952), also tendered her resignation. But the greatest blow came with the resignation of the very able and hard-working Professor and Head of Department, Professor G. W. Irwin, at the end of the session. Mr. Trevor Jones and Miss Jennifer Dobbin joined the Department as Lecturers.

The most successful aspect of the Department's work was the effective implementation of the Student Exchange Scheme. Under this scheme, worked jointly by this Department and the Depart¬ ments of History of the School of Oriental and African Studies and of the Queen Mary College, seven second-year students spent the third term of the session in the Departments in question while seven of their students joined our Department. It was on the whole a very successful experiment and it is hoped that it will be repeated this year.

SENIOR MEMBERS OF THE DEPARTMENT, 1962-63

Research or Special Name Appointment Interest G. W. Irwin, m.a., phd. Professor Early West African His¬ tory; the History of the Dutch West India Com¬ pany. J. R. Lander, m.a., m.litt., Senior Lecturer England in the 15th Cen¬ F. R. Hist.s. tury; the Life of Ed¬ ward IV. Mrs. M. A. Bax, m.a., Senior Lecturer Commercial and Political b.litt. Relations between Eng¬ land and the Gold Coast in the Eighteenth Century; rhe History of Ashanti.

R. G. S. Sprigg«, m.a. .. Lecturer Seventeenth Century Ga- Adangbe Migrations beyond the Volta; the Spread Throughout va¬ rious Parts of Ghana and Togo of Burukung- Worship; the Evolution of Contemporary Styles in Ghanaian Folk Mu¬ sic; the Concept of Jus¬ tice in the Political Thought of Plato and Hobbes.

57 A. A. Boahen, b.a., ph.d. Lecturer British Penetration of the Sahara in the Nine¬ teenth Century; the His¬ tory of Juaben; a Cul¬ tural, Political and Eco¬ nomic History of Ghana. Miss J. L. M. Dobbin, b.a. Lecturer Responses of Educated Class to " Economic Revolution " in the Gold Coast.

T. A. Jones, b.a. .. Lecturer European Left and Deco¬ lonisation; the Notion of Rationality in the Social Sciences.

DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY Staff The Department of Sociology senior staff for the session con¬ sisted of the following: Area of Research Name Area of Teaching Interest Elias, Norbert, d.phil., Introductory Socio¬ Theory of civilising pro¬ Professor. logy, Sociology of cesses; sociological Social Develop¬ aspects of social deve¬ ments, Theoretical lopments; community Sociology. studies with special regard to community development. de Graft-Johnson, K. E., Social Philosophy, Mechanisms and processes m.a., Lecturer. Criminology, and of social control; social Theories and status; social change. Methods. Fiscian, c. E., b.a., ph.d., Social Psychology, Factors in racial prejudice; Lecturer. Statistical Methods. adjustment of racial and ethnic groups in urban areas.

Caldwell, J. C., b.a., ph.d., Demography .. Demographic movements Senior Research Fellow. in S.E. Asia; demo¬ graphic analysis of urban structure and rural urban migration. Rollings, P. J., b.sc., Urbanisation, Ele¬ Ideology; intercultural Lecturer. ments of Social relation; social change. Structure, Introduc¬ tory Psychology. Morton-Williams, P. M., Social Anthropology Anthropological studies of B.sc., Lecturer. the Yoruba of Nigeria.

As in the previous session, the staffing situation was less than satisfactory. Deficiencies in the work of the Department due to frequent changes of the Head of the Department and particularly to the resignation of Professor R. T. Smith in November, 1961, which threw additional burden on the existing staff, could not be immediately remedied when Professor Elias took over. An attempt

58 was made to bring the degree syllabus in line with contemporary methods of teaching sociology. Professor Elias took the F.U.E. course introducing a new syllabus for first-year students. He and Mr. de Graft-Johnson together took lectures and seminars in sociological theory and Mr. de Graft-Johnson, relieved of the administrative burden as Acting Head, also taught Social Philo¬ sophy. Dr. Fiscian and Mr. Morton-Williams taught Social Psy¬ chology and Social Anthropology respectively. Dr. Fiscian also taught Statistics and Research Methods. Dr. Caldwell taught demography to all levels including one postgraduate student. Mr. Rollings, prior to his study leave during the Trinity term, gave a course in urbanisation and took tutorials for the F.U.E. course. Mrs. Olga McCann acted as part-time tutor for the F.U.E. course and for second-year students. Mr. Brokensha and Dr. Omari of the Social Administration Course assisted in teaching second-year students social anthropology and statistics and research methods respectively.

Students

The number of students in the Department continued to increase. L68 first-year students chose sociology as one of their subjects. 48 students were taught on the second and third year levels of whom 30 passed their B.A. Honours Degree. Of the two candidates who failed the final examination in the previous year one was able to pass. Two other students referred in Economics also were successful.

Research Activities

Professor Elias assisted by a team of undergraduates did field work in a southern Ghanaian village during part of the Michaelmas term and the Lent term. During the Trinity term Professor Elias, assisted by Mrs. H. King, also made the preparations for a larger research scheme in sociological problems of resettlement to be carried out in the Volta Basin as part of the University's V.B.R.P. In both cases the field work was supplemented by research in the National Archives partly with the help of Mr. Willie Smith. Mr. de Graft-Johnson did research in criminology with special regard to crime statistics of Accra, also assisted by Mr. Willie Smith, and continued his research on problems of social status and social control. Dr. Caldwell with a team of students undertook a large enquiry in Ghanaian internal migration movements. Dr. Fiscian undertook research in ' Minorities in Ghana '. He edited the first issue of the ' Ghana Sociological Review ' and wrote ail article on ' Crime and Illness '. Mr. Rollings continued an intensive study of

59 allegiance to a small minority party of Great Britain. Mr. Morton- Williams continued his anthropological research in Nigerian societies with special regard to Yoruba religion.

Other Professional Activities of the Staff Among Professor Ellias's outside activities were the following lectures: "The Balance Sheet of Progress" followed by seminars during the Easter School of the Institute of Public Education at Tamale; " Sociology and Anthropology " for the Ghana Sociologi¬ cal Association; " Sociological Problems of Resettlement " for the Volta River Authority at Ho.

Mr. de Graft-Johnson participated frequently in the Radio Ghana Programmes " University of the Air " and " The Critics and read a paper at the Conference of the Ghana Sociological Association. Dr. Fiscian taught sociology at the School of Social Welfare, gave a lecture on " Industrialisation and Changes in the Social Structure of Ghana " at the Adult Residential College at Tsito, and participated frequently in Radio Ghana programmes " University of the Air " and "The Critics". He also took a seminar on" Some Social and Economic Problems in Africa " at the New Year School organised by the I.P.E. Mr. Morton-Williams participated in Radio Ghana Programmes " University of the Air" and "The Critics" and gave a number of other lectures outside the University.

The Social Administration Course training students for both the Certificate and Diploma in Social Administration has continued as an important part of the department's functions. A special report on the course is appended. In the organisation of departmental teaching lecturers of both sections of the department co-operated.

SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION COURSE Staff The Social Administration Course senior staff for the session consisted of the following: D. W. Brokensha, m.a., Social work; Develop- Ethnography and Social b.litt. ment of Social Wei- Change at Larteh; fare; Social Anthro- Akwapim Studies; Volta pology. Resettlement.

T. P. Omari, m.a., ph.d. .. Social Administration Marriage and Family Life Welfare Services in in Ghana; Health Needs West Africa; Statis- of Rural Communities, tics and Methods of Social Research. Mr. P. W. Jones-Quartey gave part-time lectures during the Michaelmas and Lent terms. Other senior members of the University continued to lecture to the students in the following subjects : (1) Sociology (2) Social Psychology (3) Economics (4) Government. Students There were 15 students in the second year group and of these 13 were successful in the Part II examination. The two unsuccessful students were readmitted for the 1963-64 Academic Year and will again take the Part II examination. The first year students were 14 in number; 10 were from the Department of Social Welfare and Community Development, 3 from the Hospital Welfare Section and 1 from the Cameroons. Of this number taking the Part I exami¬ nation two were referred in economics. Through special arrange¬ ments, the five students from the School of Administration, who were studying to become hospital secretaries, were offered lectures in the organisation of social services both in Ghana and in the United Kingdom.

Fieldwork Attachments The fieldwork arrangements during the Easter holidays and the Long Vacation included attachments to the following settings: (3) Hospital Welfare (2) Volta River Project (3) Local Councils (4) Labour Welfare (5) Community Development (6) Child Care and Day Nurseries (7) Hospital and Family Welfare in Nigeria. Visits and Visiting Lecturers The students visited the following institutions in connection with the Course : (1) Akosombo (2) Tema (3) School for the Deaf (4) School for the Blind (5) Tetteh Quarshie Memorial Hospital.

61 Visiting Lecturers came from time to time from Government Departments, private firms, the Mental Hospital, the Ghana Young Pioneers, National Council of Ghana Women, Government Corporations and the Hungarian Embassy.

Other Activities In the absence of Mr. Brokensha and Dr. Omari it is not possible to ascertain their outside activities; but they read papers at the Conference of the Ghana Sociological Association.

INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN STUDIES Research and Teaching Staff Mr. T. L. Hodgkin Director Mr. A. S. Y. Andoh Administrative Secretary.

African Music and Arts Professor J. H. Nketia Professor of African Music Mr. E. Amu Senior Research Associate (African Music) Mr. A. M. Opoku Senior Research Associate (African Dance) Mr. A. A. Mensah Research Fellow (African Music) Mr. J. C. de Graft Research Fellow (Drama) *Mr. George Awoonor- Research Fellow (African Literature). Williams

African Historical Studies

Professor I. G. Wilks .. Research Professor of African His¬ tory Mrs. M. E. Humphreys Senior Research Fellow (Trade and Trade Routes) Mr. S. Ibrahim Research Associate (Arabic).

African Languages Mr. J. M. Stewart Research Fellow (Akan Languages)

Mr. W. A. A. Wilson .. Research Fellow (Northern Ghana Languages) Mr. G. Ansre Research Fellow (Ewe and Volta Languages).

*To take up an appointment from 1st October, 1963.

62 Study of Modern African States Professor K. A. Jones- Associate Professor (West African Quartey Political History and Institutions) *Mr. Peter Morton- Research Fellow (West African Williams. Social and Political Systems).

Courses

The Institute of African Studies began in October, 1962 to provide the following courses (a) A two-year course leading to the M.A. degree in African Studies of the University of Ghana. This was a post-graduate course intended especially for those who wish to equip themselves for the teaching of African Studies, for further research in the African field, or for practical activities (such as administration, diplomacy and journalism) involving an understanding of African pro¬ blems.

Eleven students, including five Ghanaians, were offered admission to this course in October, 1962. It was planned to increase the intake of students in October, 1963 to twenty, ten of whom, it is hoped, will be Ghanaians.

(b) A two-year course leading to a Diploma of the University of Ghana in African Music. Four students, all of them Ghanaians, were admitted in October, 1962, to this course.

(c) Lecture Courses in African Studies for all first year students in both the University of Ghana, Legon, and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi. These lectures covered a wide range of subjects —History, Economic Organization, Sociology, Music, etc. and were designed to acquaint the students, irrespective of their special fields of formal study, with the African past and present, its problems and achievements.

School of Music and Drama

A School of Music and Drama was established in October, 1962 as an extension of the Music and Related Arts Section of the Institute of African Studies. The school was intended to provide a link

♦To take up appointment from 1st October, 1963.

63 between the University and the artistic development of Ghana by serving as:— (a) a school for courses in Music, Dance and Drama; (b) a place where the results of research in the arts, under¬ taken by the Institute of African Studies, could be applied and tested, both in regular courses and in special training programmes on Art and Culture. (c) a focus within the University for the performing arts. The school provided part-time courses in music, dance and drama, and is running a two-year (non-residential though full-time) course, leading to a Dance Certificate for prospective members of the National Dance Company of the Ghana Institute of Art and Culture.

Conferences (a) The Institute actively participated in the first International Congress of Africanists which was held in the University of Ghana, Legon, from December 8 to 17, 1962. The Congress brought together distinguished scholars from all parts of the world working or interested in African Studies. (b) The Institute was represented by a team of Research Fellows at a Conference on the study of West African Languages held in March in Freetown. (c) The Institute organised a Conference on May 17 to 20, 1963 at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Tech¬ nology, Kumasi, at which the Ashanti Historical Research project was launched (see Research below).

Research In addition to M.A. and Diploma students, the institute admitted a number of research students, both Ghanaian and non-Ghanaian, working for research degrees at other Universities. These were associated with the Institute and took part in some of its seminars and other activities. A number of Ghanaians engaged in independent research in the field of African languages and literature, music and arts, history, etc., continued to work in association with, or under the sponsorship of, the Institute.

Major Research Projects Members of the Institute's staff, in co-operation with their colleagues in other University departments (both in Legon and

64 Kumasi), continued their research work in various fields. In addition, the Institute launched two major research projects during the year and participated in a third.

(a) Collection of Arabic Manuscripts

This scheme was begun in May, 1962 and was actively pursued during the academic year 1962-63 with the appoint¬ ment of al-Hajj Osuman Eshaka Boyo as a Senior Research Assistant. The Institute acquired over 200 works in Arabic covering the usual range of the Islamic Sciences, including tarikh and history, together with a few works in Arabic script, but in other languages, e.g. Hausa, Mamprusi, Dagbani, etc. They revealed the existence of a tradition of Islamic learning in a region which forms part of Modern Ghana and provided evidence that the tradition was already firmly established by the mid-18th century. Among the collection held in the Institute were six manuscripts of a work known as " Kitab Book of Ghunja " (the Gonja) or alternatively, as " Isnad al-shuyukh wa' 1-ulama " (the chain of tradition of the Shaykhs and learned men). There was reason to believe that the Isnad incorporates previous written authorities certainly of the late 17th century and possibly even earlier. These documents were in the process of being classified with a view to their publication. This project has received recognition from UNESCO from which the Institute hoped to receive a grant of $3,000 for the purchase of equipment.

(b) Ashanti Historical Research Project This project involved research in various fields relating to the development of society and culture in that area which, historically, fell within the Ashanti sphere of influence (as contrasted, for example, with the Kong or Dahomey spheres). The project was therefore not limited to the present Ashanti but included adjacent countries which, culturally, politically and economically, were linked up with the old Ashanti Kingdom. The staff of the Institute carried out this research project in co-operation with their colleagues in other Depart¬ ments in the University of Ghana and Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, and in association with a number of interested organisations,

65 3 including the Ghana Museum, the National Archives and the National Cultural Centre at Kumasi. It was also planned to make use of post-graduate research students who would work on particular topics within the general frame-work of the scheme for their research degrees.

This scheme also received recognition from UNESCO, from which the Institute hopes to receive a grant-in-aid of $3,000.

(c) Volta-Basin Research Scheme Like other interested organisations, the Institute of African Studies participated in the research project covering the area to be flooded by the Volta Lake. The Institute was parti¬ cularly concerned with the recovery of historical documents and the recording of oral traditions and had two full-time research assistants working on both sides of the river. The Senior Research Assistant, who is engaged in the collection of Arabic manuscripts, paid several fruitful visits to Kete- Krachi.

Visiting Professors In both its teaching and research programmes, the Institute received invaluable help from a number of distinguished scholars from other Institutions of higher learning who spent short periods in the Institute as Visiting Professors. These included :— 1.Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo—Professeur Agrégé de I' Histoire at the Lycée of Ouagadougou, Upper Volta. 2. Professor Mantle Hood—Associate Professor of Music at the University of California, Los Angeles. 3. Dr. Audrey Richards—Research Fellow in Newnham College and Reader in Commonwealth Affairs, Univer¬ sity of Cambridge. 4. The Rev. Gervase Matthew—Lecturer in Byzantine Studies, University of Oxford. 5. Dr. Ernest Gellner—Professor of Philosophy, London School of Economics. 6. Dr. Namil Abu-Nasr—Research Fellow, Harvard Uni¬ versity. 7. Professor Robert Armstrong—Director of West African Languages Survey, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

66 Research Library The Institute was in frequent consultation with the Balme Library with a view to building up* within the new Africana Section of that Library a wide range of works essential for an effective centre of research and post-graduate teaching. In addition, the Institute began, during the year, to develop a smaller working library for the use of its post-graduate students. The development of this library made necessary the acquisition from foreign archives, etc., of microfilm and other copies of documents, etc., relating to Ghana and the West African region in particular and Africa in general. The intention is to develop this library as a centre where research material can be kept.

Acknowledgements (ia) The Institute wishes to record its gratitude to the Ghana Airways Corporation which offered return passages at a considerable discount and to the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Khartoum who offered free hospitality to seven of the Institute's M.A. students who visited the Re¬ public of Sudan during July-August, 1963 to improve their knowledge of the Arabic language.

(b) Finally, all these developments during the year were made possible because of a generous grant from the Government through the National Council for Higher Education. The Institute also received a grant from the Rockefeller Founda¬ tion in respect particularly of its work in the field of music and drama.

List of persons, organizations and departments which received research grants during the year from the Institute:—

Name Grant Purpose

1. Archaeology Department, £G Preparation of archaeolo¬ University of Ghana. 50 gical site in connection with 1st International Congress of Africanists. 2. Dr. A. Adu-Boahen, 100 Research into Juaben History Department, Uni¬ Stool History. versity of Ghana. 3. Mrs. Margaret Bax, 60 Research into the Brew History Department, family. University of Ghana. 4. James Spiegler, Research 50 Research work in French Student. speaking West Africa.

67 3a Name Grant Purpose

£G 5. D. E. K. Amenuamey, 100 Collection of research Research Student. material from European archives. 6. Mr. W. Jeanpierre, French 50 Research work in Senegal. Department, University of Ghana. 7. Mr. Peter Morton- 50 Research in Yoruba social Williams, Sociology De¬ institutions. partment, University of Ghana. 8. Mr. H. M. Basner of the 1,200 Collecting material for President's Office, Accra. book on South Africa. 9. Mr. E. G. M. Njisane, One year's salary to formerly of Sociology complete his Nima Department, University Research Project, of Ghana.

INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC EDUCATION

Establishment

The Institute of Public Education was established in July, 1962 as a Department of the University of Ghana to give to the workers of Ghana the adult education which will make them appreciate their civic responsibilities to the nation and Africa. In order that workers of Ghana should understand the scale and pace necessary for the socialist reconstruction of Ghana and Africa, the Institute was entrusted with the challenging task of providing the educational force and impetus needed to maintain and consolidate this recon¬ struction.

Functions

The Institute was charged with the responsibility of organising the following: (u) specialist studies for such organisations as the Trades Union Congress, the Co-operatives, the State Farms and the National Council of Ghana Women; (,b) formal courses which would enable students to obtain the minimum entry requirements to Universities ; (c) non-diploma courses aimed at broadening the outlook of students and guiding them to accept responsibility ;

68 (d) external degree course of the Universities of Ghana both as a part-time pursuit and, where possible, study through correspondence courses for places which are remote from the main University centres; (e) residential refresher courses of short duration for the whole public or different classes of the community such as business executives and language tutors; (/) informal activities like open lectures, seminars and visits to keep the public informed on issues of national import¬ ance.

Progress and Plans

1962-63 was a year of intense activity for the Institute and much progress has been achieved in carrying out its functions. (a) Staff The staffing position improved considerably during the year. (With so much to do all over the country in the field of adult educa¬ tion, it became urgent that there should be the right number and type of personnel for academic, organizational and administrative duties.) I.P.E. offices were opened in all the regional capitals of the country and these were manned by Resident Tutors, Organisers and Administrative Staff. In addition, Senior Resident Tutors were placed in charge of the Workers' Colleges at Accra, Kumasi and Sekondi-Takoradi and later in the year a Resident Tutor was appointed for Trade Union Studies. The actual distribution of the academic staff of the I.P.E. was as follows:

Accra-Tema District Mr. Kobina Hagan—Accra Workers' College Mrs. M. Greenstreet—Accra Workers' College Mr. J. J. Holden—Accra Workers' College Mr. W. F. Stirling (now deceased)—Accra Workers' College Eastern Region Mr. Kobina Hagan Ashanti Region Mr. E. Ampene—Kumasi Workers' College Mr. C. H. Grant—Ashanti Region Western Region

Mr. P. W. C. Maxwell—Sekondi-Takoradi Workers'~ College

69 Brong-Ahafo Region Mr. S. F. Rohdie Northern Region Mr. E. H. Hammonds Upper Region Mr. E. H. Hammonds Legon Mr. G. R. Gyamera (now deceased). To complete the expansion programme, Resident Tutors are still needed for the Western, Central, Volta and Upper Regions, for the Awudome Residential Adult College at Tsito and for the Co-opera¬ tive and Women's Studies. It is hoped that these will be recruited during the 1963-64 academic year. It is with deep sorrow we record the tragic death of Mr. G. R. Gyamera, then Secretary of the I.P.E., following a car accident in December, 1962 when he was returning from an official visit to the Awudome Residential Adult College, Tsito. Mr. Gyamera was a conscientious and imaginative worker and, as the first Secretary of the I.P.E., played a worthy role in the early planning of the Institute's programmes. (b) Workers' Colleges Workers' Colleges were opened at Accra, Kumasi and Sekondi- Takoradi to provide the workers with educational facilities of a high standard for both the General Certificate of Education and non- Diploma Courses. All projects at the Accra Workers' College were completed during the year. The College was well equipped with classrooms, offices, a library, a book-centre, a canteen and common rooms for both staff and students and stands as a testimony of the nation's faith in adult education. The foundation stone of the Tamale Workers' College was laid by Mrs. Susana Alhassan, Deputy Minister of Education, in April, 1963, and the construction proceeded satisfactorily. Work was begun at the Awudome Residential Adult College in order to improve and expand the existing facilities and thus make the college an ideal centre for refresher courses and seminars. Programmes planned for the College include courses for business executives, local government personnel, trade unionists, head- teachers, nutrition officers and co-operative officers. Negotiations for the I. P.E. to take over Hillcrest at Sekondi- Takoradi for the Institute's first Polytechnic continued to progress satisfactorily. All things going well, it was hoped that Hillcrest would be made available for the use of the Institute by the end of 1964.

70 (c) I.P.E. Classes During the year as many as 514 classes were run. Out of this number, 388 were G.C.E. classes and 126 were non-Diploma classes. The following is the breakdown of the classes by regions :

TABLE

G.C.E. Non- Region O.L. A.L. Diploma Total

Accra-Tema District .. 99 22 11 132 Eastern Region

— Northern Sector .. 23 5 28

— Southern Sector .. 19 6 25 Western Region

Sekondi-Takoradi Workers' College .. 85 7 2 94

Tarkwa 3 — 9 12

— Central Region .. 16 10 26

Volta Region 6 — 27 33 Ashanti Region

Kumasi Workers' College .. 45 5 4 54

Ashanti — — 23 23

Brong-Ahafo Region 7 — 16 23

Northern-Upper Regions .. 45 6 13 64

Total .. 348 40 126 514

The student body of the Institute rose to more than 10,000; part-time tutors numbered more than 350. (d) Informal Activities Informal activities continued to feature prominently in the programmes of the Institute. They were always organised to afford the general public the opportunity to understand clearly the problems of Ghana and emergent Africa and thus enable them to appreciate the urgency of the socialist tasks which face them. Informal activities were organised in all the regions and principally took the form of open lectures, seminars, visits and residential courses. For the first time in the history of the Institute three very successful residential schools were held in the year. The first was the 14th Annual New Year School held at Commonwealth Hall, Legon, from December 27, 1962 to January 4, 1963, on the theme " Nation Building in Africa The second was the 10th Annual Northern Easter School held at Tamale from 15th-22nd April, 1963, on the theme " The Great Leap Forward—Past, Present and Future Progress in Ghana". The third—a new feature—was the 1st Annual Bu Ber School held at the Kwame Nkrumah University

71 of Science and Technology, Kumasi, during 12th—19th September, 1963, on the theme " Africa: A Lesson in International Co-opera¬ tion All the schools were well attended.

INSTITUTE OF STATISTICS

The Institute of Statistics was formally constituted as a Depart¬ ment, within the Faculty of Social Studies of the University in December, 1962.

During the first year of operation, the Director's activities were chiefly concerned with organisation matters, including the setting up of working quarters, acquisition of basic furniture and equipment, recruitment of staff, location of suppliers, preparation of budgets, etc.

With the co-operation of the University authorities, a pre¬ fabricated concrete building, containing offices, a lecture room and a machine room, was erected on University property; and advertise¬ ments were placed for staff.

At the close of the 1962-63 year the building was completed and ready for use. Essential items of equipment including several calculating machines for the use of staff and students were in place. Three Research Fellows were under contract to the University: Dr. A. Kundu, who is a specialist on National Economic Accounting and Interindustry Analysis; Mr. J. Holzer, a Demographer; and Mr. D. K. Dutta-Roy, a specialist in Sampling and Experimental Design.

Dr. Kundu and Mr. Holzer arrived in time for the start of the 1963-64 session; Mr. Dutta-Roy reported for duty in February, 1964.

At the invitation of the Professor of Economics, arrangements were made to provide lectures, tutorials, and laboratory instruction for students reading for the newly established degree of B.Sc. (Economics) (Statistical Option) in the following subjects:— Mathematical Statistics ; Economic Statistics and National Account¬ ing; Mathematical Programming; Sampling and Demography.

Limited research and advisory services were undertaken during the year; assistance was provided to the Government Statistician and the Census Office in developing an experimental model of internal migration in Ghana. Some assistance was also provided to members of the Faculty of Agriculture in connection with statistical problems arising in the course of their research activities.

72 SCHOOL OF ADMINISTRATION

The 10th of October, 1962, saw the incorporation of the former of Administration into the College University of Ghana as the School of On Administration. that date student numbers stood as follows:

...... Accountancy .. 20

.. Secretaryship and Administration .. 36 Local Government 32

.. .. Hospital Administration .. 7 B.Sc. (Administration) .. 38

.. Statistics .. .. 29 Preliminary Course (For Special Entry to the B.Sc. (Administration)) .. .. 41

The 203-strong-student body included 167 from Ghana, 20 from Nigeria, 6 from Liberia, 3 from Kenya, 3 from Western Cameroons, one from the Gambia, two from Sierra Leone and one from Somalia. were There altogether fifteen female students, fourteen from Ghana and one from Sierra Leone.

Courses

Under the agreement which resulted in the incorporation of the School of Administration into the University of Ghana, the courses run at the former College of Administration were re-organised on the a basis of degree in Administration called the B.Sc. (Adminis¬ tration). This degree has three optional fields of concentration: Accounting, Business Management, Public Administration. The first students of the B.Sc. (Administration) degree course, numbering 38, were admitted at the beginning of the academic year under review. During this year the syllabuses for the degree course were under constant review and various changes were effected to meet the objectives envisaged for the transformation. Owing to the difficulty in recruiting candidates with the requisite minimum qualification for entry to the degree course a preliminary course, leading to a Special University Entry, was started in January, 1962. Students in this category numbered 41.

73 Other courses included Local Government with three levels as follows : Elementary Local Government, in which there were 16 students Higher Local Government, in which there were 9 students Local Government Diploma, in which there were 7 students.

Hospital Administration This course had been evolved in an agreement between the former College of Administration and the Ministry of Health to train Hospital Secretaries for work in the Ministry of Health. Broadly, the course in Hospital Administration followed the lines of the syllabuses of the Institute of Hospital Administrators of Great Britain. Various changes had, however, been made to fit students trained under the scheme more specifically for work in Ghana. The syllabuses were revised to accommodate the facts of hospital practice in Ghana. In October, 1962, there were two groups of students on this course as follows :

First year 4 students (including 2 females) Second year 3 students

7 students.

Statistics

There were twelve students reading Statistics at the Statistical Training Centre of the School of Administration established under the joint auspices of the United Nations and the Government of Ghana. Students on this course were drawn from West African countries including Ghana, Nigeria, Liberia, Sierra Leone and the Gambia.

Accountancy and Secretaryship and Administration Courses At the beginning of Michaelmas, 1962, there were 20 students pursuing the Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants course at various levels. There were also 36 students on the Secretary¬ ship and Administration courses.

Examinations The School of Administration continued to score success in the overseas examinations of the Corporation of Certified Secretaries, the Chartered Institute of Secretaries and the Association of Certified and Corporate Accountants. Results of the December, 1962 exami¬ nation showed that there were 8 passes out of 11 entrants in the.

74 C.C.S., three passes out of three entrants in the C.I.S. and one out of two entrants in the A.C.C.A. In June, 1963, there were 7 passes in the C.C.S. and 3 in the C.I.S. Eight candidates out of nine presented for the Higher Local Government Examination were successful. In June, 1963, the first ever First University Examination in Administration was held. A total of thirty-eight students were entered; 26 passed, 10 were referred and two failed. Of the two failures one was allowed to repeat and the other sent away. Of the ten referred students 8 passed the Supplementary Examination held in October, 1963 and two failed. Of the two failures one was allowed to repeat and the other sent away. Three candidates sat the Intermediate Examination in Hospital Administration in June, 1963; all passed. Staff At the end of June, 1963, there were 18 members of the academic staff as follows: 1 Director of School 1 Director of the Statistical Training Centre 5 Lecturers in Accounting 2 Lecturers in Business Administration 2 Lecturers in English 1 Lecturer in French 1 Lecturer in Public Administration 1 Lecturer in Mathematics 1 Lecturer in Law 1 Tutor in Law 1 Tutor in French 1 Tutor in Local Government.

THE BALME LIBRARY

More was achieved during the 1962-63 Session than in the previous year when the initiation of new projects was hampered by shortage of staff and the necessity of re-organising basic services. The departure of the Faculty of Law into new quarters made the etablishment of a Students' Reference Library and the extension of the Africana Library possible. During the long vacation the Law Library was considerably enlarged by the incorporation of the Ghana Law School collection and work was begun upon the establishment of a United Nations Library.

75 The Library Board At the beginning of 1962-63 a new Library Board was elected and consisted of the following : Vice-Chancellor (Chairman) Professor W. B. Harvey Professor H. Nicol Mr. S. La-Anyane Mr. J. R. Lander Mr. R. Mayhead Dr. D. G. Osborne Mr. J. E. Wiredu Mr. J. E. Dean (Secretary).

During the course of the year Professor Nicol and Mr. J. R. Lander left the service of the University and Mr. B. D. G. Foison and Mr. G. Dargie were elected to take their places. Professor Ivor Wilks and Mr. M. A. Barry were co-opted to the Board.

Three meetings were held during the year.

Staff

There were unfortunately several changes among staff during the year. A Library is an institution particularly dependent upon staff continuity and a rapid turnover of senior and intermediate staff is inimical to efficient development. In January, 1963, Miss E. M. Moys, Sub-Librarian, left Ghana to take up an appointment as Acting Librarian of the University of Lagos. Miss E. J. Carnell, f.l.a., joined the staff as an Assistant Librarian in December, 1962, and was later promoted to the vacant Sub-Librarianship. She was unable to complete her contract and retired through ill health. Mr. J. K. T. Kafe, b.a., was promoted to the grade of Assistant Librarian upon the successful completion of Part I of his Diploma course at the London University School of Librarianship and Archives. Miss Christiana Agyei, b.a., took up her appointment as Junior Assistant Librarian-in-Training in May and left to take her Diploma course in London in September. Mrs. Judith Thoyer, b.a., Law Librarian, took up her duties in July.

There were several examination successes among the staff. Mr. Tetteh secured the last part of the Registration Examination in June and was elected an Associate of the Library Association. Mr. Boadi passed the second part of the Registration Examination.

76 The annual conference of the Ghana Library Association was held at Kumasi in September and the Balme Library was represented by 13 delegates. Mr. Edward Amedekey, Assistant Librarian, read a paper on the " Development of University and College Libraries in Ghana Book Stock The books, pamphlets and back volumes of periodicals added to the Library came to a total of 10,124 by the end of the year. The number of books now in the Library amounts to 168,768. The number of gifts, books secured through legal deposit and in exchange amounts to 2,192. 2,000 volumes of the Frazier collection have yet to be accessioned and they have not been included in the figures given above.

The Library subscribed to 3,499 periodicals. 134 new titles were added during the year and 16 titles were either cancelled or ceased publication. Gifts During the course of the year the Library received a number of valuable donations. On the occasion of the First International Congress of Africanists the American African Studies Association presented the Balme Library with 65 books and 150 reprints for the Africana collection. All the books and articles had been recently written by Fellows of the Association. In December 1962 the Moscow Academy of Sciences presented a Magnetic Station to the Department of Physics and at the same time donated a collection of books and scientific periodicals to the Balme Library. The Embassy of Cuba donated a 25-volume set of the works of Jose Marti. A donation of German books was presented by the Ambassador of West Germany on behalf of the Deutsche Gesells¬ chaft für Auswärtige Politik. The Ambassador of the People's Republic of China also presented a number of books to the Library. The most considerable benefaction received during the year was the bequest of the personal collection of Professor E. Franklin Frazier, formerly head of the Department of Sociology at Howard University. The presentation was made by Mrs. Shirley du Bois on behalf of Mrs. Frazier at a ceremony held in the Librarian's Office on July 9th. Deposit Early in the year proposals were made to the United Nations that the Balme Library should become a depository library for all United Nations documents. The proposal was accepted and the Balme Library was declared a depository Library with effect from April 5th, 1963.

77 Notable Purchases During the year the Library was fortunate enough to acquire much valuable material relating to West Africa and the Sudan, formerly in the collection of the late Professor R. Basset. The Library also purchased the catalogue of the Africana Collection of Northwestern University. Among the sets of journals secured were the following :— Agricultural History, Vols. 19-36, 1945-62. All England Law Reports, 1900/03-35. British Year Book of International Law, Vols. 1-11, 1921-30. Cambridge Law Journal, Vols. 1-11, 1921-53. Journal of Symbolic Logic, Vols. 1-24, 1936-59. Past and Present, Nos. 1-23, 1952-62. Public Opinion Quarterly, Nos. 1-10, 1937-46. Transactions of the Grotius Society, 1915-59.

readers' services

During May the Circulation Department and Reserve Book collection were moved from the Catalogue Hall to the Main Gate. The main purpose of the move was to provide more effective super¬ vision of readers entering and leaving rhe Library. Registered borrowers at the end of the Session numbered 1,184 and the number of books borrowed reached a total of 19,165. The greatest number of books on loan at any one time during the Session 1962-63 numbered 4,873.

The average daily attendance during the three terms was as follows :— Michaelmas term.. 230

Lent term .. 250

Trinity term 202 The number of photocopies ordered for Senior Members amounted to 167.

Student Assistants A scheme for the employment of Student Library Assistants was inaugurated early in the year and as a result it became possible to extend the Library hours of opening.

78 Exhibitions

An exhibition of recently published books about Africa was held on the occasion of the First International Congress of Africapists in December. At the end of the Tiinity term an exhibition of French books was organised in collaboration with the French Embassy. Visitors to the Library There was a constant stream of visitors to the Library during the year. Among the most notable were the Queen of Burundi and Mr. Ben Bella, Prime Minister of the Republic of Algeria.

SPECIAL COLLECTIONS AND DEPARTMENTAL LIBRARIES Africana Library With the departure of the Faculty of Law from the Balme Library in July an opportunity was provided for the extension of the Africana Library which had expanded considerably during the Session.

A reading room was added for serial publications and another for rare books and archival material. Mr. Bampoe also made considerable progress in processing material and all the Africana official publications possessed by the Library have been sorted and many of them catalogued. The books that were formerly in the Librarian's Office have all been catalogued and work has begun upon the pamphlet collection. Mr. E. F. Collins has devoted a great deal of time to the sorting and indexing of the Furley Collec¬ tion.

Law Library The Law Library was moved out of the Balme Library into a temporary building on the Faculty of Law site in J uly. The Library is air-conditioned and provides accommodation for 15,000 books and 80 readers. About 3,000 volumes, nearly the entire library of the Ghana School of Law, was presented to the University by the General Legal Council and these books are being integrated with our existing collection. Students' Reference Library The nucleus of a Students' Reference Library with multiple copies of text-books and standard works was established in the West Wing of the Balme Library during the Long Vacation. All books were provided with book cards to facilitate borrowing at weekends. It is anticipated that this Library will expand rapidly and a second reading room was prepared for occupation during the course of the session.

79 cataloguing department

Cataloguing statistics for the year showed a steady improvement. They are as follows: 1961-62 reduced to Session 1960-61 12 months 1962-63 Number of volumes cata¬

logued (Main Library) .. 3,900 5,022 6,387 Number of volumes catalo¬ gued (Students' Reference

Library) ...... — —* 2,753 Library of Congress printed cards were ordered for 2,321 titles. Library of Congress printed cards were received for 1,719 titles. In addition about 850 books were processed for the African Library. Bindery During the year 2,529 books and periodicals, 147 photocopies and 64 theses were bound.

halls of residence Legon Hall 240 students were on the roll, made up as follows: 118 Senior Undergraduates, 110 Freshmen, and 12 Graduates. Two of the Seniors reading Honours French were away at Bordeaux for the whole of the session. The high-light of this academic year was the celebration of the Hall's Tenth Anniversary on 8th and 9th June, 1963. Although it had been partially occupied since October 1952, the Hall first came into full operation only when the first Chapel Service was held and the Dining Hall was first used on Trinity Sunday, 1963. To mark this occasion, the J.C.R. Standing Committee, with the co-operation of the Central Organisation of Sports, arranged Table Tennis Exhibition matches on the 8th of June. On Sunday the 9th, a Thanksgiving Service was held, followed by a Special Dinner. Guests included former undergraduates of the Hall, who had already distinguished themselves in public life. A mirror commemorating the occasion was hung in the passage facing the Senior Common Room. Akuafo Hall Hall officers at the beginning of the session were as follows:

Master .. .. Prof. L. H. Ofosu-Appiah

80 Vice-Master .. Mr. L. M. Burgess

Senior Tutor .. Dr. A. A. Boahen

Tutors .. Dr. K. B. Dickson, Dr. C. E. Fiscian, Mr. M. Dow, Mr. J. A. G. McClelland, Mr. J. E. Wiredu, Mr. B. S. Kwakwa.

Chaplain .. .. Rev. G. Ansre

President of the S.C.R. Mr. J. A. G. McClelland

Librarian .. .. Mr. R. Mayhead.

The composition of the Hall Council was as follows: The Master Vice-Master Senior Tutor President of the S.C.R., Dr. C. E. Fiscian, Dr. L. G. Grimes, Mr. J. A. Dadson, Mr. B. S. Kwakwa, Mr. M. Dow, Mr. P. C. Ozanne, Mr. J. E. Wiredu, and Mr. S. K. B. Asante, Secretary.

There were 43 Fellows at the beginning of the Michaelmas term. There were seven resignations including Professor G. W. Irwin and Mr. L. M. Burgess who had both served as Vice-Masters of the Hall.

There were 245 students on the roll, two ofwhom spent the session in France as part of the Honours French course. 219 students were doing degree courses, 16 reading other courses; there were 5 postgra¬ duates and two special admissions from U.S.A., one of whom was reading for the M.A. in African Studies. Two Honours History stu¬ dents spent the Trinity term in London University under the Ghana- London Student Exchange Scheme, whilst their counterparts from London University were admitted into the Hall. Out of 41 students presented for the final degree examinations 40 were successful. One postgraduate student obtained a distinction in the Diploma in Education Examination. Mr. C. K. Archampong went to University College, London, in September to read for M.A. in Philosophy.

81 J.C.R. Officers were as follows: Mr. Azu Mate—President Mr. Asiedu Ntiforo—Secretary Mr. G. O. Gyeke—Treasurer. Students' activities continued as usual and the Annual Dance was held on December 6th. The following new Honorary Fellows were elected during the session : Dr. C. C. O'Brien Mr. Justice E. Akufo-Addo Dr. J. B. Danquah Mr. O. Owusu-Afriyie, m.p. Mr. N. F. Ribeiro-Ayeh Mr. A. Casely-Hayford, m.p. Mr. D. A. Chapman.

Commonwealth Hall

During the year under review Professor J. C. de Graft-Johnson served his second year as Master of the Hall. Professor G. W. Lawson was elected Vice-Master for the second time in succession. Mr. W. F. Stirling resigned his Senior Tutorship in March, 1963 when he had to go on sick leave and Mr. E. J. Thompson was appointed Senior Tutor in his place. Mr. E. E. Sackey continued to give valuable service as Acting Hall Bursar.

Hall Council

Members of the Hall Council were: Prof. J. C. de Graft-Johnson (Master) Prof. G. W. Lawson (Vice-Master) Mr. P. H. Bertelson Rev. Dr. J. R. Köster Prof. J. H. Nketia Mr. S. K. B. Taylor Mr. W. F. Stirling (went on sick leave on 1-3-63) Mr. J. R. Lander Dr. S. A. Banful Rev. K. A. Dickson Mr. D. K. Afreh Mr. E. J. Thompson.

82 Tutors

The following served as Tutors for the year: Mr. W. F. Stirling (Senior Tutor)-(resigned on 1-3-63) Dr. J. Y. Wilson (for the Michaelmas term only) Rev. K. A. Dickson Mr. E. J. Thompson (appointed Senior Tutor on 1-3-63) Mr. D. K. Afreh Mr. B. D. G. Foison Dr. P. T. Omari Mr. D. O. Bampoe Mr. D. Hilling (from Lent term 1963) Dr. D. G. Osborne (from June 1963). Dr. D. G. Osborne continued to act as Hall Librarian. The Hall Chaplain for the year was Rev. K. A. Dickson.

Fellows

At the beginning of the session there were 46 Fellows of the Hall and during the year 13 more Senior Members were assigned as Fellows to the Hall. In addition there were 27 Associate Members. The Warden and Fellows of Volta Hall continued to be Associate Members.

The following persons ceased to be Fellows of the Hall during the year: Mr. J. R. Lander Rev. Dr. J. R. Köster Dr. T. A. Dunn Mr. P. H. Bertelson Dr. N. D. Jago Mr. G. R. Gyamera Prof. D. R. Dicks Mr. A. J. Killick Mr. R. O. Whipple Mr. K. G. Banerjee Prof. H. Nicol Mr. M. Y. Pollet Dr. K. M. Sen.

Students

The year began with 365 persons in statu pupillari in residence. This total was later reduced to 360 by the withdrawal of five students.

83 The distribution of persons in statu pupillari by courses was as follows:

Arts: .. General .. .. 114

Honours ...... 57 171

Economics ...... 53

Law ...... 41

...... Agriculture .. 19

Science : .. General .. 24

Special .. .. 4

— 28

Pre-Medical ...... 21

Postgraduate Diploma in Education .. 3 Associate Certificate in Education .. 7 Certificate in Social Administration .. 13 Licentiate Course in Theology .... 1

Diploma in African Music .... 1

M.A. Course ...... 3

M.Sc. Course ...... l

Postgraduate Research Student .... 1

Special Admission ...... 2

365

Below are set out the entries for final examinations together with the passes obtained: Examinations Entries Passes B.A. General 1 4 B.A. Honours 25 24 (5 2nd Upper) B.Sc. Economics " 10 9 (2 2nd ) B.A. Law " 22 22 (2 2nd ) B.Sc. Agriculture 10 7

B.Sc. General " 9 5 (2 2nd ) B.Sc. " Special 3 3 (1 2nd ) P.G. Diploma in Education 3 3 Associate Certificate in Edu¬ cation 7 7 Certificate in Social Adminis¬ tration 7 5

84 The Junior Common Room continued to run its affairs with success ; it organised entertainments, and won cups in : Cricket Lawn Tennis Football Hockey Debating.

Use of the Hall by Outside Organisations The Hall continued to offer opportunities for meetings, weddings and other social functions by various persons and organisations. Some of the organisations which made use of such facilities were:— Aquinas Society Christian Fellowship Nottingham Players Ghana Science Association Arts Council Ghana Academy of Sciences Ghana Film Society State Planning Secretariat Amalgamated Clubs.

The following conferences were held in the Hall during the year: First International Congress of Africanists—December II¬ IS, 1962. Conference on Encyclopaedia Africana—December 18, 1962. 14th Annual New Year School—December 27 to January 4, 1963. National Productivity Study Conference—April 2-6, 1963. Ghana Association of Science Teachers Refresher Course— April 5-8, 1963. Ghana Association of French Teachers Refresher Course— April 5-8, 1963. Ghana Association of Science Teachers Annual Conference —April 8-11, 1963. Ghana Association of French Teachers Annual Conference —April 8-11, 1963. The large Lecture Theatre has been in frequent use by the University Authorities and other outside organisations for lectures and performances.

85 Distinguished Visitors to the Hall Some of the many visitors who stayed in the Hall were : Mr. A. G. Livingstone, University of Manchester. Mr. W. O. Brown, Boston University. Prof. H. Sawyer, Fourah Bay College, Freetown. Prof. R. H. Parsons, 80 Sherman St., Hartford 5, Conn. Father John Tekateka, Pius XII Roma, Basutoland. Mr. J. Camochan, School of Oriental and African Studies, London.

Mr. D. B. Davidson, Columbia Medical School, New York, U.S.A.

Prof. G. Walton, Makerere University College, Uganda.

Many well-known personalities were entertained as guests at the High Table and at our end-of-term dinners; these included: Dr. C. C. O'Brien, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Ghana.

Sir Nevill F. Mott, Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics, University of Cambridge. Mr. B. E. Kwaw-Swanzy—Attorney-General. Mr. Kofi Baako—Minister of Defence. Mr. A. E. Inkumsah—Minister of Health. Mr. K. Amoa-Awuah—Deputy Minister of Agriculture. Mr. Justice Azu Crabbe—Judge of the Supreme Court. Mr. Davidson S. H. W. Nicol—Principal, University College of Sierra Leone.

It is with deep regret we record the death of Mr. G. R. Gyamera, a Fellow of the Hall, who was involved in a motor accident on December 8, 1962.

Volta Hall The state of the Hall in 1962-63 was dominated by the number of its members in two respects : the largest entry of undergraduates since we opened was accompanied by an unprecedented loss of Fellows. In October, 1962, the Hall officers were as follows:

Warden .. .. Dr. E. R. Sansome.

Deputy Warden .. Dr. V. R. S. Hutton.

Bursar .. Miss O. I. Robinson.

Senior Tutor .. Dr. E. M. Hartley (on study leave).

86 Tutors .. .. Mrs. W. E. Hilling (Acting Senior Tutor). Mrs. O. E. McCann.

Librarian .. .. Mrs. S. Harris.

Other members of the Hall Council: Mrs. C. McCallien, Mrs. R. Lawson, Mrs. M. A. Bax, Mrs. M. E. Humphreys and Miss E. M. Moys.

At Christmas Dr. Sansome and Dr. Hutton resigned on leaving Ghana to take up posts in the Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. At the end of the year, the Hall lost Mrs. M. A. Bax who as Miss Priestly was tutor to women students from 1956-59 and who had worked in the University College since 1952. With her departure, the resignation of Miss Moys, and the re-assignment to Mensah Sarbah Hall of Mrs. Humphreys, the number of assigned fellows fell to six.

In an attempt both to increase numbers and to serve the academic community, the Governing Body instituted " Associate Fellowships" which were offered to certain Legon or Achimota residents with part-time teaching or administrative commitments here. Among others, we were glad to welcome Miss J. Eavis, Mrs. M. Harris, Mrs. Evelyn Kwapong and Mrs. J. H. Nketia.

With the entry in October of 45 first-year students, 3 post¬ graduates and 3 "special admission" students, the number of students in the Hall rose to 99. During the year two left and one went out of residence. This rise in student numbers was made possible by "doubling up" 24 rooms in K block; this emergency measure was accepted philosophically by the students concerned, though they indicated clearly that they preferred single rooms if possible. A wave of student activity, perhaps set in motion by the increased numbers, showed itself in the holding of the first Hall dance, in November, and by the publication of the first number of " Firaw ", a Hall magazine. The Presidents of the Junior Common Room were Mrs. Riby- Williams (Michaelmas Term) and Miss J. A. Asante (Lent and Trinity Term).

In March, Miss C. A. Aidoo was awarded the Gurrey Prize for 1962, and Miss F. Hanson was awarded a scholarship for one year to Stanford University in U.S.A. In June a first-year student, Miss M. N. Cole, was awarded a prize offered by the California Section of the American Chemical Society for the most promising first-year student of chemistry.

87 Hall Prizes for the year 1961-62 were awarded: McCallien Prize to Miss T. G. Owusu; Tazelaar Prize to Miss A. A. Clerk; and prizes for distinguished work to Miss A. B. Addae, Miss D. Aikins and Miss V. E. A. Engmann. As a result of the final examination in June, 1963, 14 students obtained degrees; of these, three (in English, Sociology and Study of Religions) were in the upper division of the second class, six in the lower division of the second class, and five in the third class. Two students were successful at the second attempt for London degrees; these two bring the total number of degrees awarded under the special relationship with London University to women students here since 1948 to 40. It is observed with satisfaction that the pro¬ portion of degrees awarded to women students is increasing steadily, as is the proportion of first and second class degrees. Three conferences were accommodated in the Hall during the session. In the Christmas vacation 30 members of the Africanists Conference stayed in the Hall. During the Easter vacation, the Mathematical Association held a conference in Volta Hall. 40 members were resident from 7th— 10th April. Members of the National Productivity conference were also accommodated in the Hall from 2nd-6th April. The distinguished visitors who stayed in Volta Hall included Professor and Mrs. D. T. Wright, University of Waterloo; Miss W. Armstrong, Planning Commission; Professor Matsushita, University of Colorado; Madame Troitsaya, Academy of Science, Moscow; Dean and Mrs. Wilson, Lincoln University; Dr. M. Anderson, Assistant to Sir Eric Ashby; Mr. and Mrs. Ord, Edinburgh Univer¬ sity; Miss Harmon, University of California; Professor Polunin, University of Ife; Professor and Mrs. Harvey Moore, American University, Washington; Professor G. M. Carter, Smith College, Mass.; Professor Stravikanos, Western University, Illinois; Mr. P. Goolden, London University; Dr. E. R. Sansome, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria; Professor Hickinbottom, London University; Professor Darrel-Pandal, American University, Washington; Pro¬ fessor and Mrs. Bates, Fourah Bay; Dr. and Mrs. C. H. Reber, United Theological Seminary, Ohio.

Mensah Sarbali Hall

Professor E. A. Boateng was appointed Master designate of the University's fifth and newest Hall of Residence (later named Mensah Sarbah Hall) by the Vice-Chancellor on 3rd April, 1963, and preparations began for getting the Hall ready for occupation at the beginning of the new academic year.

88 Appendix A

MEMBERS OF THE INTERIM COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA 1962-63

Nana Kobina Nketsia IV Chairman

Dr. C. C. O'Brien .. Vice- Chancellor Mrs. Annie Jiagge .. Member Sir Leslie M'Carthy Member Mr. E. Ayeh-Kumi Member Mr. J. V. L. Phillips Member Professor A. A. Kwapong Member Professor T. L. Coulthard Member Mr. K. E. de Graft-Johnson Member Dr. K. B. Dickson Member Mr. E. A. K. Edzii Secretary.

MEMBERSHIP OF THE UNIVERSITY COUNCIL AS AT 8th JULY, 1963

Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah President of the Republic of Ghana, Chancellor. Nana Kobina Nketsia IV Chairman Dr. C. C. O'Brien Vice-Chancellor Professor A. A. Kwapong Pro- Vice-Chancellor Mrs. Annie Jiagge Member Sir Leslie M'Carthy Member V. L. Mr. J. Phillips .. Member

Mr. Kodwo Addison .. Member Mr. E. C. Quist-Therson Member Mr. Charles Quaye Member Professor W. E. Abraham Member Dr. A. A. Boahen Member

Mr. B. D. G. Foison .. Member Professor Joseph Ki-Zerbo Member

Mr. John S. Fulton .. Member Mr. E. A. K. Edzii Secretary.

89 Appendix B

ADDRESS BY THE VICE-CHANCELLOR

" Not long ago, in a matriculation address to the student body on 20th October last, I took as my theme that this was a time of beginnings at the University. The beginning of preparation for the University's own degrees, the beginning of pre-medical studies, the beginning of the Institute of African Studies, and so on.

On this present, more solemn occasion, when it is right for us to consider more widely the work of the University, we find ourselves in a sense, of course, still at a time of beginnings. Yet, under the African sun, seeds that have been thrown on the fertile ground soon germinate, and new shoots rise rapidly. It may therefore be appro¬ priate, even already, to take as our theme at this Congregation, no longer that of beginnings, but that of growth. The first requisite of growth is that of continuity, and this is represented here by the distinguished Chairman of the University Council, Nana Kobina Nketsia IV, who, as the first Vice-Chancellor of the University, carried the main burden of academic affairs at the crucial period of transition from the status of a University College to that of a University. Having been, as it were, inducted into the mysteries of our academic life by Nana Nketsia, and having come to admire his great qualities of mind and heart, I look forward with pleasure to working with him in his new capacity as Chairman of the Council. I should like to welcome, at the same time, the other members of the reconstituted Council and to express, on behalf of the whole academic body, the confidence we feel that their delibera¬ tions and decisions will be a source of renewed strength to the University. I should like, at the same time, to thank the outgoing Council and most notably the outgoing Chairman, Mr. Kofi Asante Ofori Atta, m.p. It is a source of great regret to all of us that, because of his heavy ministerial responsibilities, Mr. Ofori Atta will no longer be able to give to the Council the benefit of his wisdom, experience and practical sense.

When we speak of growth, we think perhaps first of its most obvious external signs which means, in the case of a University, new building. The University's fifth hall, which will house 370 students and thus be the largest of our halls, is now approaching completion. Barring unforeseen developments, this hall which, by decision of the Chancellor and the Council, will be called, in honour of a distinguished Ghanaian jurist, Mensah Sarbah Hall, will be ready for student occupation by the beginning of next academic

90 year in October 1963. The University's new Catholic Chapel will be in Mensah Sarbah Hall.

Plans have been approved for two new dormitory buildings which, standing in the enclosure formed by Legon, Mensah Sarbah and Akuafo Halls, will enable the communal capacity of these halls to be fully used. These new buildings, although architecturally they will be free standing units with a character of their own, will be, administratively, extensions of the existing Halls system. They will house between them 290 students. Together with the planned extension for Volta Hall, which will take the capacity of that Hall from 100 to 300, this will bring the Hall system at the University to completion, and will also complete a significant phase in the architectural history of the University.

The advantages we have at present, of spacious layout, brilliant parks and gardens and buildings designed to endure for generations, will remain with us, together with, around the great central axis of the University, all the pleasures which the most exacting sense of symmetry can provide for the eye. These things remain with us. New building development will not, however, be along the same lines. On the best architectural advice it could obtain, the University's Development Committee has set aside the spacious sloping site on North Legon for the main area of the University's planned develop¬ ment. Certain principles have been accepted as regards the develop¬ ment of this site and for future development at the University generally. Among these principles are those of compact layout of the new buildings, shortening walking distances and lowering the cost of ground maintenance; the use of solid, lasting and inex¬ pensive materials, with a view to low maintenance costs; the elimi¬ nation of unnecessary details in design; the design of new buildings in terms of the needs of their future occupants first and only secondarily in terms of their outer appearance; a maximum of cross-ventilation, even at the expense of symmetry, and maximum of flexibility within the buildings. In the light of these general principles, the functional planning of the new development will be under the supervision of a Technical Director. With the co-operation of the Government of Israel, we have been fortunate enough to secure the services, as Technical Director, of a very distinguished Israeli architect, Mr. Schorr, who has been concerned with the development of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, whose well planned, economic and efficient fabric has aroused admiration throughout the world. Our new Technical Director is coming to us at a point when his services are greatly needed for the development requirements of the University are great indeed.

91 Apart from the Medical School and the new School of Adminis¬ tration—separate questions, to which I shall come in a moment— three of our most important academic entities—the Faculty of Law, the Institute of African Studies and the Institute of Public Education —are housed at present in temporary buildings and their permanent needs must be provided for in our development plans In addition, even our present student numbers—just under 1,000 in residence on the campus—and our present academic staff—216 in residence on the campus—have strained almost to bursting point a fabric which, to outward view, seems sufficiently capacious. The pressure on housing accommodation for the senior staff became acute when, in recent months, we began rapidly to fill vacancies on our existing establishment. Plans have been approved for the building cf four blocks of flats which, it is hoped, will be ready early in next academic year and which will house 24 families. We are also concerned with the needs of junior staff employed at the University and are engaged in working out a new approach to this problem. But as well as coping with the pressure of our present needs, we have, of course, to plan for future demands of a student population likely to rise to about 5,000 by the end of the decade and academic and other staffs proportionate to the needs of such a student population. The site at North Legon Hill will be laid out to meet this demand, with a large hostel, a Student Union building and other amenities, including a swimming pool. The new building development with its different forms of organisation will not be inferior to, or less attractive than, what we have now. We believe, indeed, that the two forms of development on our campus will complement each other, making our University lite in some ways more varied and more agreeable, while gaining both in economy and efficiency. As well as the planned development of which I have spoken, there will be two other new and very important groups of buildings on our campus, for which the plans have been approved. The first is the School of Administration. As you know, the School, formerly the College of Administration, now forms part of the University, but is physically housed at Achimota. It is intended that, as soon as possible, the School should be housed here at Legon, and plans have been approved for a modern building designed to meet the needs of the School for many years to come. It is hoped the new School of Administration building will be completed by 1965. We have already the pleasure of admitting to the academic body here Mr. Amegashie and his colleagues. It will be not only a pleasure for us but an important accession of strength to the University to receive them here permanently on our campus when the new building is completed.

92 Undoubtedly the most momentous development in the life of the University at the present time is the beginning of the Medical School. The Medical School buildings are to be constructed as a result of a loan from the Government of the United States to the Government of Ghana. The plans are for a modern 7 storey block, fully equipped to meet the exacting requirements of the Philadelphia Group of doctors, who are expected to arrange for the staffing of the Medical School in its first years. This building will stand near the edge of our campus, a little more than a mile away in the direction of Accra. The details of the integration of the Medical School into our University have not yet been fully worked out, but we expect that before long firm agreements, for which the way has been prepared in recent discussions, will be reached. We are happy to have among us today the Dean designate of the Medical School, Dr. Richard Cross, who is at present Associate Dean of the Medical School of the University of Pittsburgh. Only the day before yester¬ day Dr. Cross made his first contact with his future students, when he delivered an inspiring address to the 51 undergraduates of this University who are now in the second term of their pre-medical studies. When, in the autumn of 1964, these students begin their medical studies proper, it is not likely that the Medical School buildings will be completed. However, Dr. Cross and I estimate that, making use of the existing facilities on our campus and that part of the Medical School building which will by then be completed, it will be possible to bridge this transitional phase without inter¬ ruption of the medical studies of the students concerned.

I have said enough about the growth of the fabric of our Univer¬ sity, and I shall now pass to what is more important: the life of learning and of teaching which goes on and is developing within this fabric. It is not possible, in any address of the length tolerable to an audience on an occasion such as this, to survey even reasonably fully the complex and varied work of a University. 1 must ask, therefore, the pardon of my colleagues if, in touching briefly on the work of the various faculties, I seem to leave out of reckoning developments or projects of importance. Such omissions are due to the constraint of time and will be rectified in our annual report. The Dean of the Faculty of Law, Professor Harvey, has reached agreement with the General Legal Council of Ghana on a curriculum leading to a degree at this University which will at the same time mean admission to the legal profession in Ghana. The curriculum designed by the Faculty of Law is a wide and liberal one, including subjects like English or French literature, of which the layman normally does not think as part of the lawyer's training. I have no

93 doubt that this humane conception of preparation for the law— which does not, of course, exclude exacting professional courses— is the correct one, which will benefit in the future, not only the Bar and Bench of Ghana, but through them the life of the country generally. It is symbolic of the happy relations which exist between this University and the legal profession of Ghana that the first of the three distinguished men whom the University is honouring and who honour the University by their acceptance is the Chief Justice of Ghana, Sir Arku Korsah.

The Faculty of Agriculture, also, has been revising its syllabus with an increasing emphasis on practical work and now offers a choice between a general degree and a special one, allowing for increased training and study in a particular discipline of agriculture. In addition, by direction of our Chancellor, the President of Ghana, the Faculty of Agriculture has been developing facilities for post¬ graduate studies and has worked out a syllabus for an M.Sc. in Agriculture, allowing for specialised training in higher agricultural education. The Faculty is also planning extension education in agriculture in order that agricultural research findings may be carried to the farm level. A very important development in this Faculty is the establishment within it of a Food Nutrition and Food Science Department. This unit, which will train food techno¬ logists and will eventually be of great benefit to living standards in Ghana, has been made possible by special grants from UN sources as well as from the Ghana Government.

In the Faculty of Arts, with exceptionally heavy student enrol¬ ment, some departments, notably those of English and History, have been under considerable pressure and it will probably be necessary to increase the teaching strength of these departments.

In the Faculty of Science, on the other hand, the problem is of the opposite character: a relative shortage of students in proportion to teaching staff and equipment. This imbalance has, of course, always existed at the University, and it does tend to dimmish. In particular this year the entry of the pre-medical students fore¬ shadowed the demands which the establishment of the Medical School will make on our Science staff and facilities. Nonetheless, the small numbers presenting themselves for degrees in science continue to a be cause for concern. The causes of this situation have been analysed often enough: lack of science teachers and equipment in many schools, the fact that many of our students come in after a period of private study which offers no opportunity

94 for the study of science, and so on. The fact remains that even many of those who would be qualified to study for science degrees, choose, instead of science, some other discipline such as engineering. In these circumstances, we have been led to wonder whether the existing system whereby those who choose to study science are bonded for a period of teaching is altogether satisfactory. We wonder whether an experimental suspension of the bonding of future science graduates might not produce a greater intake of science students, with favourable repercussions on the economy generally, and without a significant diminution of the number going to teach science. We feel that this experiment would be worth trying. The importance of experimental and natural sciences, however, should not lead us to underestimate—as is sometimes done—the important related disciplines which we group under the general head of social sciences. In relation to practical matters, this domain constantly overlaps that of the experimental and natural sciences. Thus, if we take the example of a great development with bearings on every aspect of the nation's life—the Volta River project—and consider which aspects of the University's work are relevant to it, which of our scholars can usefully advise on some of its implications, we find that the answer lies as much in the field of the social, as of the natural, sciences. In analysing likely repercussions of this far-reaching development, the advice of the economist and the sociologist is as relevant as that of the botanist, the zoologist and the agriculturalist, and the contribution of each has a bearing on that of every other. As this great plan moves steadily towards its completion and we think of its immense and not yet fully known effects on the life of this country, we feel that it is time to bring together people from this and other related branches for an organised and combined study of the probable effects of the com¬ pletion of the project, the best methods of coping with the problems to which it must inevitably give rise and of extracting the maximum benefits from its great power for good. Such studies have been pro¬ ceeding here, but lack, I am inclined to feel, the sense of urgency which practical demand from the planners and from Government would impart to them. It is in the hope of developing the conscious¬ ness giving rise to that demand that I refer to this matter here. Some of the most interesting and encouraging developments within the Faculty of Social Science have concerned the work of the Institute and the Department of Education. The Department and Institute—the terms are for most practical purposes synony¬ mous—had been for some time, because of staffing and other

95 difficulties, virtually quiescent. This state of affairs came, I am happy to say, to an end with the appointment of our new Professor of Education, Professor Flemming of Leicester. Not only is the staffing situation now well on the way to a solution but steps are being taken to set up three additional units within the Department. The first of these will be the English Language Research and Advi¬ sory Unit to be headed by a scholar of professorial status. The object of this unit will be to co-operate with the Ministry of Educa¬ tion and with teachers throughout the country and with others interested, such as the British Council, in raising the standards of spoken and written English throughout the country. There is no doubt that this is one of the key problems of education here and we feel it is time for the University to give a lead on it by setting up a unit which will have this as its sole task. Parallel with this will be the Science Education Research and Advisory Unit which will have exactly the same functions in relation to science teaching. We hope that eventually the work of this unit will be reflected in, among other things, a greater intake of science students to the University. It is likely that this unit will carry out on behalf of an international organisation a comparative study of science educa¬ tion in Africa generally. The Department of Education is also taking steps in co-operation with UNESCO for the setting up of an audio-visual unit in the University which we believe is likely to increase the interest and efficiency of teaching methods in many departments. It is also engaged in consultations with the Ministry of Education regarding the possibility of setting up Certificate Courses in shortage subjects, such as English, Mathematics and Science, for students in training at the Winneba Training College and is discussing methods of improving generally the work and status of training colleges in Ghana.

The Institute of Education should not be, but usually is, confused with the Institute of Public Education which is the part of the University concerned with adult education and the Workers' Colleges throughout Ghana. The Institute of Public Education, since its establishment by Osagyefo, our Chancellor, in July of last year, has been developing rapidly under its energetic director, Professor J. C. de Graft-Johnson. The Institute not only maintains the former extra-mural non-diploma courses but also conducts the G.C.E. classes, both ordinary and advanced, and external degree courses for the degrees of the University of Ghana and the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, in addi¬ tion to organising specialised courses for Trade Unions, Co-opera¬ tives, Farmers and Women's Organisations and setting ur> and

96 running Workers' and Adult Colleges. It also intends to organise correspondence courses for both urban and rural areas. The Modern Language Centre, formerly the School of Languages in Accra, is part of the Institute of Public Education and thereby of the University and its language courses, especially those in French, are in great demand. I have witnessed the excellent results the Director of the Centre, Monsieur Genoud, is getting from his students with the aid of the modern equipment in his language laboratory. There are now about 10,000 students regularly attending I.P.E. classes in a number of centres throughout Ghana. The Institute of African Studies, of whose outdooring I spoke last October, is now a very thriving child indeed. Its course of lec¬ tures for first year students has been highly successful and popular and often attended by persons who are by no means in the first year of their studies. The Institute's course for advanced students, lead¬ ing to an M.A., has attracted widespread interest overseas and a good and varied enrolment is expected for next year. It is certainly not too much to say that the Institute, under Thomas Hodgkin's direction, is one of the foremost—I do not wish to hurt anyone's feelings by saying the foremost—entities of its kind in Africa and it was the focus of general interest at the First International Con¬ gress of Africanists held here in December. In particular, the Insti¬ tute's success in collecting Arabic manuscripts in Northern Ghana was noted. It is appropriate to remark here that, on the initiative of the Chancellor, a Chair of Arabic Studies has been established at the University and will, of course, work in close co-operation with the Institute. I should add that African Studies at the Univer¬ sity, while they possess a focus in the Institute, are not confined to the Institute. Thus the Department of Sociology is conducting valu¬ able studies within this field, including Mr. David Brokensha's pioneer work at Larteh, and so is the Department of Archaeology at various sites in Ghana, including the Shai Hills, as well as in Nubia where Professor Peter Shinnie is now directing the Ghana Archaeological Expedition's second session of excavations. I have, I fear, spoken at too great length and still without doing more than scratch the surface of my subject. I should like to touch on one further theme before I close, and that is the important one of relations with other African Universities. The generation which prodticed the men who are now at the head of affairs in independent African countries was one which received its higher education abroad, mainly in the Universities of Britain, France and the Uni¬ ted States. That system certainly had great drawbacks but it had H*- 97 4 one great advantage in that men and women from many countries in Africa were brought together in an environment which made them—one might almost say forced them—-to think of themselves primarily as Africans and only secondarily as citizens or inhabi¬ tants of this or that African country or territory. The rapid develop¬ ment of African Universities brings about a new situation, funda¬ mentally healthier, certainly, but carrying within it the seeds of a possible danger. The danger is that Africans educated in a number of separate national institutions, divided from each other by the vast spaces of this Continent and by other less tangible barriers, may in a sense grow apart and come to lack the basic solidarity of the older generation. This would be a great loss not only to Africa but to humanity, for it is a fruitful and helpful paradox that Africa, the last of the Continents to emerge to freedom, has come to possess a sense of its common fate as a Continent in a way which Europe and Asia appear to lack. It seems important, therefore, that the Universities of Africa should strive as far as they can to preserve contact with each other and thereby defend the unity of Africa.

One way of helping to do this is by breaking down language barriers. The means mojt obviously to hand, towards this end is the improvement of the teaching of French in English-speaking countries and of English in French-speaking countries. I am in touch with the educational authorities in French-speaking West Africa in order to establish means of co-operating with them towards that objective. Specifically, I hope that French-speaking African countries will be represented at the meetings of the Associations of French and English Teachers which will be held here at Legon next April. Another possible method is the organisation of student exchange. We have at the moment an exchange system with the University of London whereby five students from here go to London for a term in the middle of their academic career, while five London students come here to the Institute of African Studies for the same period. I have proposed to the heads of all African Universities, except those in the Republic of South Africa, that a similar exchange system be started among African Universities. It is too early yet to say what the results of this approach will be but I believe that if the idea is taken up by a number of Universities its potential for good is great. Finally, I should like to address a word of congratulation and of recommendation to the young men and women who are graduating or receiving diplomas here today. You and your parents and friends have every right to be proud on this occasion. You have, in years of patient study, triumphed over linguistic and other obstacles, greater

98 than those that face the average European or American student and you have come through tests no less severe than those which those other students have to face. As a result of your own efforts and as a result also of the sacrifices of the people of Ghana—the sacrifices which built and which maintain this Univeristy—you have now reached what must be a very happy moment in your lives. To be a young graduate in this country at this time of rapid expansion and development and amid the ferment of change in this great Continent is an enviable privilege indeed. You have, therefore, every right to feel proud of what you have achieved and elated at the prospect before you. I hope and believe that in your case that legitimate pride and elation will never harden into arrogance, into the concept that your University degree is something which makes you a member of an elite, a kind of mandarin class, set apart from the people. That has happened to some extent in some other countries. We, and you most especially, must work to see that it does not happen here. You owe a debt to the people of Ghana who have made your careers possible and you will, I think, be mindful of that debt. Your lives will be lives of service. By that I do not mean that they need to be lives of misery or that you will be constrained to sancti¬ moniousness. I mean only that within the interesting and rewarding careers which will now open up before you you will serve, and always be conscious of serving, the people of Ghana and through them the peoples of Africa.

AWARD OF HONORARY DEGREES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GHANA—CITATIONS

Sir Arku Korsah

Sir Arku Korsah, in honouring you today the University of Ghana finds the opportunity to pay tribute to the achievements of this country in government and education which your life has spanned and in which you have played a distinguished role.

At the time of your birth in Saltpond on April 3, 1894, a subject people were only beginning to express those demands for the expression of identity for the control of their own resources and for the determination of their own destiny which were to result more than a half-century later in an independent Ghana. Your education in the Gold Coast Colony, at Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone,

99 and in the Universities of Durham and London prepared you to make a significant contribution to the realization of those aspirations. In the long and honourable history of the legal profession in Ghana your record of service has no equal. Many years of expe¬ rience at the Bar preceded your appointment to the bench in 1945. As a Puisne Judge of the Gold Coast and a member of the West African Court of Appeal you shaped your concept of the judicial office: to administer impartial justice under the law of the land, to exercise restraint not because of fear, to temper the broad sweep of doctrine by a patient attention to detail. Your appointment in 1956 as Chief Justice of the Gold Coast and in 1957 as the first Chief Justice of independent Ghana were fitting tributes to your life in the law. Your continuing service in that high office adds strength and stature not only to the Supreme Court of Ghana but to the entire judicial order. The law has provided the focus but has not limited the range of your interests and accomplishments. As a member for twelve years of the Legislative Council of the Gold Coast and later as a member of the Executive Council you rendered able and con¬ scientious service. Your long-standing interest in the development of higher education and your firm support of this University make especially appropriate the honour we pay you today. As a member of the on Commission Higher Education for West Africa you shared the dream of university education in Africa and your service as Chairman of the Council of the University College of Ghana helped to transform that dream into reality. This University and especially its Faculty of Law continue to rely on your wise and patient counsel in responding more fully to the challenge before them. The honours your long and distinguished career have brought are many: the Order of the British Empire, a Knighthood and Knight Commander of the British Empire, an Honorary Fellow¬ ship in the Educational Institute of Scotland. To these we are proud to add today an honorary degree of Doctor of Laws of this University.

Kofi George Konuah

Kofi George Konuah, born in Kumasi, educated at Cape Coast, Accra, Freetown and London, you are known to many thousands of your countrymen as patriot, humanitarian, educationist and administrator. You were the first Ghanaian graduate to have taught at Achimota College after that great educational centre—the parent

100 of this University had been set up by Guggisberg, Fraser and Aggrey. Thus you are in a sense the precursor of the numerous and distinguished body of Ghanaian teachers and scholars who now adorn this University. At the age of 27 you became the moving spirit behind the first Secondary School ever to have been set up by Ghanaians in the city of Accra. As the first principal of this Secondary School—The Accra Academy—you spent 21 years developing and consolidating that Academy which is now one of the most important schools in the country. As the first Chairman of the People's Educational Association your contribution to the adult education movement in Ghana helped and inspired thousands of your fellow country¬ men. Your contribution to the political emancipation of your people has yet to be recorded.

As a member of the Prisons Commission of 1949-50 you helped to bring much needed reforms to Ghana. As a member of the Commission on Health (1952) you laid the foundations of Ghana's current health services and as the present Chairman of the Ghana Mental Health Association your humanitarian service works to improve the lot of those who in any society are the most helpless and the most unhappy. Your career in public service is rich and vaiied.

You have been a Lay Magistrate in Juvenile Courts, the Chair¬ man of the Accra Youth Centre and a leading educationist. As the elected Chairman of the Governing Council of the Institute of Public Administration and as the present Chairman of the Civil Service Commission of which you have been a member since 1953 you combine in your person the rare gifts of an educationist with those of an administrator. These were the gifts recognized when in 1956, Queen Elizabeth II, Head of the Commonwealth, made you an Officer of the Order of the British Empire and four years later raised you to the rank of Commander of the same order. Now the University of Ghana at its first ceremony for the award of hono¬ rary degrees invites you to come forward and accept the degree of Doctor of Laws.

William Edward Burkhardt Du Bois

You come before us on this your ninety-fifth birthday to receive not by any means your first honorary degree but your first such honour from an African University. It is altogether fitting that this African honour should come to you in Ghana. In the

101 great movement of ideas which has led to the resurgence of Africa, to the emerging of independent African States, and to the growth of African Universities you have played a leading part. Our Chancel¬ lor, the President of Ghana, Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, recognizing in you one of the great proponents of African freedom and unity and in your work an inspiration for Africa has authorised me to confer on you, on behalf of the University of Ghana, the degree of Doctor of Letters.

On that day when you were born, February 23, 1868, it was only five years since Lincoln's proclamation of emancipation; only four years since Lincoln himself paid the penalty at the hands of the assassin for his signature to that proclamation. You your¬ self had behind you a long heritage of freedom and of the fight for freedom. Your great-grandfather had fought in Washington's army for the independence of the United States of America. You had no sooner come to manhood when as scholar, writer, and speaker you joined that still continuing battle, first on behalf of men and women of African origin in America, later also on behalf of Africa itself. The very titles of your works are eloquent. I can only cite a few of them here: Suppression of the African Slave Trade, 1896; Philadelphia Negro, 1899; John Brown, 1909; The Negro, 1915; Black Reconstruction, 1936; The World and Africa, 1947. In the cause of freedom and of Africa you have fought not only with courage and profound inner integrity but also with grace, serenity and an enduring edge of irony. In the course of such a long and creative life as is not given to many you have accumulated more honours, degrees, citations and awards than I could easily recite. You have also earned—and this, too, I know you regard as a deser¬ ved honour—the anger and the obloquy of people in many lands who feared the ideas for which you stood and feared your quahties of mind and character in the service of these ideas. Most important of all, you have earned the love and admiration of millions not only in the land of your birth, America, and in Ghana, the land of your adoption, but also throughout the world. You have become, in¬ deed—I think not altogether to your pleasure, for you are a modest and a humorous man—a symbol for millions of the struggle for freedom. Those young men and women who have just received their degrees at this ceremony are about the same age as you were when in 1888 you took your first degree at Fisk University, Nash¬ ville, Tenessee. When they too reach an advanced age they will be able to astonish newer generations with the word that they received their degree at the same time with the great William Edward Burkhardt Du Bois. Some of them there must be also, I think,

102 who may be able to add then that they have modelled some part of their lives on your example. If they do, their task will not be an easy one, for the thought of your example brings involuntarily to mind the great words with which Jonathan Swift still challenges us in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin: Abi Viator et imitare sipoteris strenuum pro virili libertatis vindicem—•' Go, traveller, and imitate, if you can, one who did a man's share in the cause of liberty '. William Edward Burkhardt Du Bois, we shall imitate you if we can. "

SPEECH DELIVERED BY OSAGYEFO, THE CHANCEL¬ LOR, AT UNIVERSITY DINNER ON SUNDAY, 24 FEBRUARY, 1963

" Ladies and Gentlemen : I am sorry that I was unable to be with you at the Convocation ceremony yesterday but I am glad to welcome you here tonight. I am pleased to see among us the students who graduated yester¬ day, and I would like to take this opportunity to express to them my best wishes for success in the years ahead of them. I hope that the knowledge they have gained in the University will stand them in good stead. I would also like to congratulate most sincerely Sir Arku Korsah, Mr. K. G. Konuah and Dr. Du Bois who are the first to receive honorary degrees from the University of Ghana. We accept them warmly as alumni of Legon. You who are with me tonight are connected in one way or another with the University of Ghana and I know that you believe in the ideals for which a university institution like ours stands, namely, the pursuit of knowledge and the formation of character. It is important also that there should be no doubt whatsoever in our minds as to what is the role of a university in a developing country such as Ghana. The role of a university in a country like ours is to become the academic focus of national life reflecting the social, economic, cultural and political aspirations of the people. It must kindle national interests in the youth and uplift our citizens and free them from ignorance, superstition and, may I add, indolence. A university does not exist in a vacuum or in outer space. It exists in the context of a society and it is there that it has its proper place. A university is supported by society and without the sustenance which it receives from society it will cease to exist.

103 We know that the objectives of a university cannot be achieved without scrupulous respect for academic freedom for without academic freedom there can be no university. Teachers must be free to teach their subjects without any other concern than to convey to their students the truth as faithfully as they know it. Scholars must be free to pursue the truth and to publish the results of their researches without fear for true scholarship fears nothing. It can even challenge the dead learning which has come to us from the cloistral and monastic schools of the middle ages. We that know without respect for academic freedom in this sense there can be no higher education worthy of the name and therefore no intellectual progress, no flowering of the nation's mind. The genius of the people is stultified. We therefore cherish, and shall continue to cherish, academic freedom at our universities.

Speaking for myself, if I may do so with your permission, there was not an academic year in all my twelve years abroad when I was not at one university or another. I even augmented this with summer courses. I know the inside and outside of a university and I know the value of academic freedom. And I think you know what I am talking about.

Apart from the State the university is one of the greatest institu¬ tions of man. The work of a university requires objectivity and honesty at every level. With malice to none it is inspired only by a passionate concern for truth. It is therefore the business of the university to seek and to maintain that honesty and objectivity which are the only keys to progress.

Not only as Chancellor of the University, but also as President of Ghana, I would like to assure you of my readiness to defend at all times this right of the university and to encourage all those who work within it—students, research scholars and professors—to work with honesty and objectivity.

There is, however, sometimes a tendency to use the words " academic freedom " in another sense and to assert the claim that a university is more or less an institution of learning having no

104 respect or allegiance to the community or to the country in which it exists and purports to serve. This assertion is unsound in principle and objectionable in practice. The university has a clear duty to the community which maintains it and which has the right to express concern for its pressing needs.

We know that academic freedom can be perverted and even abused. It can also become a dangerous cloak for activities outside the academic interests and preoccupations of the community or of the university. Where this has happened a grave disservice is done to everything for which knowledge and truth really stand. True acade¬ mic freedom—the intellectual freedom of the university—is every¬ where fully compatible with service to the community; for the university is, and must always remain, a living, thinking and serving part of the community to which it belongs.

Let us be clear that it is not always from the outside that acade¬ mic freedom can be threatened. University staff and the students themselves have a grave responsibility in maintaining this freedom since they themselves can also be a threat to academic freedom of the university. They must always be ready to expose those individuals in the university itself who abuse academic freedom.

When I accepted the office of Chancellor I promised you that I would do everything in my power to assist in promoting the successful development and prosperity of the University. I would like to take this opportunity to repeat this promise and to assure you that you will have my support in all your legitimate endeavours in the interest of the University aDd the people of Ghana.

Everything 1 have said this evening has been prompted solely by my anxiety to ensure the success of our University which is the pride of Ghana and many lands far beyond this country. The people of Ghana rightly expect that the University, in the words of the University Commission, should be fully responsible to the sense of urgency which animates them, to use its resources imagina¬ tively and effectively to contribute to the economy of Ghana and of Africa, and to apply your studies for their benefit and to learn from their problems.

105 It should be the honour and responsibility of those of us who have had the privilege of the best education our country can afford to strive in every way possible to make our generation better tha n we found it. We must not only feel the pulse and intensity of the great African revolution taking place in our time but we must also make a contribution to its realization, progress and develop¬ ment.

Revolutionary Africa is a land of vigorous millions of people endowed with youthful energy and blessed with a sensitive huma¬ nism incompatible with the growth and maintenance of a privileged class. You who pass through the portals of our universities should be constantly aware of your oneness with the people and your responsibility towards them. This is our challenge and opportunity and all of us—professors, teachers, alumni and students alike— must strive to maintain this great heritage which has been handed to us. And let us nourish this heritage and pass it on to the next generation unalloyed and untarnished.

And now I ask you all to rise and drink with me a toast—a toast to the progress and development of University education in Ghana."

106 Total 1,174 WM Appendix"C" 1131,061

' Coursesat Schoolof 221

Administration M W 20714

8

AdmissionSpecial MW 53

58

Certificate M W 499

1. STATISTICAL STUDENTS 4 INFORMATION ENROLMENT1962-63 Diploma WM 4 —

Courses 31

M Post-Graduate W 283

852

WM CoursesDegree 84768 229 SpecialAd¬ missionand Schoolof Administra¬ tion

16 1

15 and

4 60 Diplomas 36 1st Year Certificates I2nd Year 16

2nd Year

Research 2 MA., Graduate 35 LL.B. 1st Year M.Sc. Post- 18

4th Year 10

4 8 8 3rd 113 1 13 18 Year 30 29

93 1 2nd 11 16 11 17 B.Sc. Year 18 18 (Hons.)B.A. (Special) and 1 1 6 61

1st 29 Year 10

2 8 2 1 3 2 5 8 2

141 12 3rd 22 Year 10 11

4 3 2 6 134 1 18 19 24 2nd Year 32

68 18 20 37 1st Year 1,021 134 206 156 128 132 12 I !B.Sc.&B.A.(Gen.), Pre-(Econ.),B.Sc.B.Sc. liminary&(Soc.) 51 DISTRIBUTION2.STUDENTSCOURSESOFBY (Agric.)B.Sc. SUBJECTS:AND1962-63 Totals Subjects Latin Greek netics) Logic Ethics Historyof Classics Ancient History Law Medicine History Education English(includingPho¬ StudiesFrench Geography Philosophy Philosophy PoliticalScience Sociology StudyReligionsof Economics Botany 229

ï

4

—

1 1

11

2 5 2 1

— 1 —.

.

— —

2 2 — — —

7 3 5 8

14 16

4 2 4 4 3 3

23 IS 14 14 15 14

Chemistry Geology Mathematics. Physics Zoology Agriculture MusicAfrican StudiesAfrican Othersubjects III

11 13 Division 13

I

OBTAINED Pass 12 18 13 43

2 3 3 6 2 2 1 1 1

20 CLASSES III 41

8 3 4 9 4 5 1 3 1

20 16 74

(ii)II Class 2 6 9 1 1 3 3 2 1 1

29

(i)11

I

4 7 7 2 2 1 3 1 5

43 12 18 31 20 13 18 13 Total 200

— W 3 3 2 4 — — 1 1 1 1 —- 1 —• —■ AWARDED •—■ •—- 17 3.

M 9 3 5 6 2 1 3 1 5 2

18 27 42 GRADUATES 10 19 17 13 1963 183

Degree

Total Classics English French Geography History Sociology Studyof Law Geology Mathematics Physics Zoology (General)B.A. (Honours)B.A. Religions (Economics)B.Sc. (Sociology)B.Sc. (General)B.Sc. (Special)B.Sc. (Agriculture)B.Sc. 4. CERTIFICATE IN EDUCATION AWARDED 1963

Certificate Men Women

Associate certificate in Education 16 5

Total 16 5

5. DIPLOMA IN EDUCATION AWARDED 1963

Certificate Men Women

Diploma in Education 13 —

Total 13 —

6. CERTIFICATE IN SOCIAL ADMINISTRATION AWARDED 1963

Certificate Men Women

Certificate in Social Administration .. 12 1

Total 12 1

7. LICENTIATE IN THEOLOGY AWARDED 1963

Certificate Men Women

Licentiate in Theology 1 -----

Total 1 —

111

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