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Leseprobe.Pdf 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inhalt Zeichenerklärung......................................................................................................4 Vorwort ...........................................................................................................5 Paul Saladin Leonhardt – die zeitraubende Suche nach Schönheit ......................7 Leonhardts konzeptionelle Eröffnungsbehandlung ..............................................19 Gercz Rotlewi – der kurze Weg von Lodz in die weite Welt und zurück .............41 Rotlewi – der begnadete Taktiker und Experte für isolierte, Doppel‐ und Tripelbauern 48 Mir Malik Sultan Khan – das Experiment der Ebenbürtigkeit..............................81 Die indische Eröffnungsrevolution und das Erlebnis der Endspielmagie....................96 Wladimir Petrow und die lettische Schule – drei Meister aus Riga.................. 135 Der Kramnik von Kemeri ..................................................................................... 146 Mein Schachfreund Erich Eliskases – der Altersblick auf ein Jugendwerk ....... 175 Sternstunden der Schachtechnik – ein universeller Positionsspieler.................. 189 Ausklang ...................................................................................................... 220 Literaturverzeichnis............................................................................................. 221 Eröffnungsverzeichnis ......................................................................................... 225 Spielerverzeichnis................................................................................................ 226 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Vorwort Unvergessene Schachpartien lautete in den 1970er Jahren ein populärer Schach‐ buchtitel von Theo Schuster, mit dem der Stuttgarter Meister viele Schachfreun‐ de, darunter auch die beiden Autoren, für solche Legenden wie Tarrasch, Lasker, Marshall, Capablanca oder Aljechin begeisterte. Unser Buch möchte sich demge‐ genüber gerade einigen weitgehend vergessenen Meistern aus dieser Ära wid‐ men. Selbst dort, wo ihre Namen noch mit ein oder zwei Partien in Verbindung gebracht werden, weiß man kaum mehr um ihre wahre Größe. Sie alle gehörten damals – unser Band umfaßt im wesentlichen den Zeitraum von 1900 bis 1940 – zumindest zeitweilig zu den besten Spielern auf der Welt, und es war kein Epigone unter ihnen. Sie alle waren Großmeister von ausgeprägter Eigenart, die der Schachwelt etwas zu sagen hatten – und noch heute zu sagen haben. Wie Ludek Pachmann einschärfte: „Man kann bei alten Meistern sehr viel lernen!“ Bei Leonhardt lernen wir etwas über strategisch tiefes Planen aus der Eröff‐ nung heraus. Rotlewi bringt uns dynamisches Figurenspiel, insbesondere in Isolani‐Strukturen, näher. Sultan Khan ist ein Meister der geschlossenen Stellungen sowie der Endspiele. Von ihm läßt sich das harmonische Ineinandergreifen von Bauern und Figuren lernen. Bei Petrow erkennt man bereits den Typus des umfassend ausgebildeten Meis‐ ters von heute, der uns seinen Hang zur dynamischen Initiative durch positionelle Opfer vermittelt. Bei Eliskases schließlich erfahren wir neben dessen überragender Technik, wie man kunstfertig verteidigt und den richtigen Moment zum Gegenangriff findet. Niemand ist nun berufener als Frank Zeller, der würdige Nachfolger Theo Schusters als vielfacher Württembergischer Meister und gleich ihm einer der führenden Schachschriftsteller des Landes, diese Schätze unseren Lesern und Leserinnen zu erschließen. Durch seine gleichermaßen gründlichen wie leicht fasslichen Partiekommentare ist es nicht nur ein Streifzug durch die Schachgeschichte, sondern ein Lehrbuch für weiter strebende Schachspieler vom Amateur bis zum Meisterkandidaten geworden. Daß Sie die Lektüre fesseln möge, hoffen die Autoren Frank Zeller und Tim Hagemann Tübingen, im August 2017 175 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mein Schachfreund Erich Eliskases – der Altersblick auf ein Jugendwerk Die Schachlaufbahnen der hier vorgestellten Großmeister kamen auf ganz ver‐ schiedene Weise zu einem vorzeitigen Ende. Bei Rotlewi hatte, kaum war der erste große Erfolg errungen, ein psychischer Zusammenbruch das Karriereende zur Folge, Leonhardt sah sich angesichts unbefriedigender Turnierresultate zum Wechsel in die Schachjournalistik veranlaßt, Sultan Khan trat, in der Weltspitze angekommen, voll Gleichmut von der Bühne ab, als sein Patron nach Indien zu‐ rückkehrte, und Petrow wurde, zwischen die Fronten zweier Unrechtssysteme geraten, mit Gewalt von ihr gezerrt. Nur der abrupte Rückzug aus der Turnierarena ist ihnen allen gemein. Der Bühnenabschied von Eliskases war anderer Art: Lang‐ sam und leise ging er der großen Schachwelt verloren, während er weiter in ihr wirk‐ te. Diesem allmählichen Abgang aber war ein rasanter Aufstieg vorausgegangen. Dabei war ihm die Schachkarriere nicht in die Wiege gelegt worden. Erich E‐ liskases wurde am 15. Februar 1913 in Innsbruck in eine Familie hineingeboren, in der niemand Schach spielte. Als er als Zwölfjähriger das Spiel für sich entdeckte, hatte er jedoch das Glück, daß seine Begabung bemerkt und bald auch gefördert wurde. Eliskases erinnerte sich Jahrzehnte später: „Mein erster Schachfreund ist Carl Peter Wagner, geboren am 31. Oktober 1875 in Marburg, Preußen, und gestorben im Laufe des Jahres 1960 im Al‐ tersheim zu Hall in Tirol. Er war Fotograf von Beruf, ließ sich einst in Inns‐ bruck nieder und gehörte dort seit vielen Jahren zu den besten Spielern der Stadt. Mitte 1926 gründete er die Innsbrucker Schachgesellschaft (ISG). Er erwarb das hohe Verdienst, mich Ende 1926 in das Innsbrucker Schachleben eingeführt zu haben. Unter seiner Aufsicht und mit Willen meines Vaters konnte ich in der Schachabteilung des Café Max täglich von fünf Uhr nach‐ mittags bis halb sieben mit einem Mitglied des Vereins spielen.“ Wenig später durfte er auch die Spielabende des Innsbrucker Schachclubs (ISC) im Café Weiß und des neugegründeten Schachklubs Schlechter im Café Clenk besu‐ chen. War damit für ausreichende Spielpraxis schon gesorgt, so eröffnete ihm die Klubbibliothek des ISC darüberhinaus die Welt der Schachliteratur. Eliskases spiel‐ te die Bücher von Dufresne, von Mieses, auch Bachmanns Aus vergangenen Zei‐ ten nach, studierte die Partien Morphys, Anderssens und Laskers und las die Wie‐ ner Schachzeitung. Bevorzugte Lektüre aber waren die Dreihundert Schachpartien von Tarrasch und Mein System von Nimzowitsch, „wahrscheinlich weil ich diese Bücher besser verstand. Ein echtes Vorbild suchte ich nicht.“ 176 Vergessene Meister -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Es spricht für eine undogmatische Herangehensweise, daß er die Antipoden Nimzo‐ witsch und Tarrasch gleichermaßen schätzte. Eliskases fand früh zu seinem eigenen Stil, in dem sich ein ungemein feines Stellungsgefühl mit äußerster Selbstbeherr‐ schung verband. Von jugendlichen Opferträumen oder anderen Wunschvorstellun‐ gen konnte keine Rede sein, es ging ihm stets allein um die sachgemäße Lösung des Stellungsproblems. Michael Ehn hat vom „Stil der Zweckmäßigkeit“ gesprochen. Die Erfolge ließen nicht lange auf sich warten. Mit 15 Jahren wurde Eliskases Tiroler Meister, mit 16 nationaler Meister, mit 17 vertrat er Österreich am dritten Brett auf der Schacholympiade 1930 in Hamburg. Die österreichische Mannschaft mit Kmoch an der Spitze kam auf den vierten Platz, schlug auf dem Weg dahin die USA 4:0, und wesentlichen Anteil an diesem hervorragenden Abschneiden hatte mit 11 Punkten aus 15 Spielen der junge Eliskases. Als Zwölfjähriger hatte er das Spiel erlernt, als Siebzehnjähriger war er der erfolgreichste Olympionike Österreichs! Über die nächste Etappe seines Lebenswegs berichtet Michael Ehn: „Er schaffte das Abitur mit Auszeichnung und übersiedelte dann nach Wien, um ab dem Wintersemester 1931/32 an der Hochschule
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