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Home , Cape Verde shearwater, Gadfly petrel, Manx shearwater, Procellariidae, Procellariiformes, Puffinus

Occurrence and abundance of tubenoses ()at Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, 2001-2004

the Guadeloupearchipelago, French West ATS65HD spottingscope with a 20-60x AnthonyLevesque Indies. Preliminary experience in mainland zoomlens used at 30x duringsearch, occa- R•serveNaturelie des ilets de la Petite-Terre Francehad taughthim that seawatching sionallyswitched to highermagnification for froma coastalvantage point might be pro- identification of distant . Within each andAssociation AMAZONA ductive--providedone is armedwith pa- dockhour from 0600 to 1800(plus a minor- tience,good optical equipment, and some ity of earlyand late sessions from 0530 and Labrousse luck. Not longafter beginning m February up to 1830in latespring and summer), two 97190Le Gosier 2001, his effort was rewarded,and within consecutive15-minute survey periods were three months' time, the numbers of separatedby a breakof up to threeminutes. Guadeloupe,French West Indies tubenoses he recorded had redefined the re- The originalprotocol called for evendistri- gionalstatus of several . A year-round bution of 15-minuteperiods across days, ([email protected]) survey was thusset up, then repeatedin months,and yearsfor consistentcoverage. 2002, 2003, and 2004 in to determine Actual observation effort deviated from this bothconstancy and interannual variation in modelbecause main passageperiods were Pierre Ysou the occurrenceof the area'sseabirds. In all, givenextra coverage for better quantification OfficeNational de la Chasse ninespecies of tubenose(Procellariiformes) and because wardening responsibilities fortu- wereobserved during this survey. itouslyleft morefree time early and late in etde la Faune Sauvage theday, when movements were heaviest (Fig- Uethods ures1, 2). Samplingwas done with the tele- 53,rue Russell Observations were carried out from the islet scopepointed to the south(_+20 ø according 44000Nantes of Terre-de-Bas,part of Petite-TerreNature to sunglare), but it wasbriefly shifted to fol- Reserve,which lies betweenthe islandsof low birdsfor identificationor [or counting Desira& and Mane-Galante at the southeast- and then restored. Simultaneous observa- erncorner of theGuadeloupe archipelago; at tionsfrom the studysite and from a boatat 16ø 15' N 61ø 7' W, thisis alsoone of the east- seausing GPS indicated that the relative sizes Abstract ernmostpoints on Guadeloupe (Map 1). ]'he of shearwaterswere identifiable by telescope This paper presents observationsof Continental Shelf is rather narrow east of up to4 nmi(7.4 km) offshore and that much tubenoses(Procellariiformes) of nine species Perre-de-Bas,with oceansea-floor depths of of the visiblepassage occurred within 1-3 recorded2001-2004 in year-roundseawatch- 20 m, 88 m, 376 m, and 456 m at distances nmi (1.8-5.5km) fromshore. Specific identi- esfrom Terre-de-Bas, part of Petite-TerreNa- one,2, 3, and 4 nauticalmiles (nmi) offshore ficationwas based on plumageand structur- ture Reserve,located between the islandsof (1.8, 3.7, 5.5, and 7.4 km), respectively(M. al characters(Harrison 1985, 1987; Raffaele D•sirade and Marie-Galante in the Guade- D•varieux. pets. loupearchipelago. The contextof theseob- comm.).Prevailing lo- __ servations,both historically(for Guade- cal winds are trades loupe)and regionally in theLesser Antilles, is also considered herein. andeasterlythus havecomponenta strong • ' that variesfrom north- Introduction Althoughpelagic enthusiasts tend to erly,easterlybut towindssoutheast- have a i- considerthe CaribbeanSea an avifaunally true easterlydirection poorenvironment (e.g., Ballance 2004), the about 30% of the time. eastern,Atlantic-facing of the Lesser Wind speed ranged Antillesin facthost a varietyof from 18-30 km/hr and ,many of thesebeing migratory 60% of the time, speciesthat nestin the North Atlanticor reaching30-qO km/hr SouthAtlantic . Summarizing these about 2% of the time; species'status, Raffaele et al. (1998) noted Juneand July are the that manywere under-represented in the lit- windtest months. erature,owing to their occurrencefar off- The samplingpro- shore.For example, they regarded Audubon's tocol required 15- ( lherminieri) as "not minute nonstopob- likelyto be seenexcept from a boatfar off- servationfrom the top shore" (Raffaele et al. 1998). of thehighest cliff (ca. kevesquebegan to lookfor seabirdsfrom 7 m above level) shorein 2001,when he assumed his position with a tripod-mount- Map1. All observations treated inthis paper were made on the small island of Terre-de-Bas as a warden at Petite-Terre Nature Reserve in ed Swarovski AI80 or betweenthe islands of D•siradeand gafie-Galante inthe Guadeloupe archipelago.

674 NORTH AMERICAN 7O beatsthan Manx--and these bursts of flap- ping were also of greaterduration than Manx's.This flight behavior is typicalof the speciesin both low windsand a! higher wind speeds.While the firstauthor was re- sponsiblefor mostof the fieldobservations, thesecond author, who has extensive expe- riencewith Atlanticshearwaters, joined for thesurvey for 10days m April2004 to veri- fy identificationcharacters. Withoutexception, when birds occurred closeenough to shoreto allow charactersto be studied,we found that the identificationbased on plumagecharacters correspondedto the identificationbased on Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec flightaction and structure. Pelagic trips in spring2004 (up to 33 nmi [60 km] offshore) Figure1. Distributionofthe observation effort per month. The effort was kept low in autumn (down to 11 hours inOctober, i.e. were also conducted in order to check the onaverage one 1S-minute observation period every three days) due to the very low frequency ofbirds detected atthat time of the year;the effort was intensified during periods that proved tobe most productive. identification characters used in shearwater and -petrelidentification; 80 were attracted close to the vessel with 70 oil andsmall pieces of fish. 60 eumberofhours withobservaaon Dataobtained during each 15-minute pe-

50 riod, includingall samplingzeros, were

40 pooledper hour and per month,leading to the calculation of the mean number of indi- 30 meannumberofbirdsperhour vidualsof a givenspecies observed per hour 20 duringa givenmonth. Multiplied by the 10 numberof hourswith daylight and the num- 0 ber of daysper month.this databasealso one-hour period permitsa roughestimate of the numberof birdsthat passed through the study area over Figure2. Distributionofobservation effort and average bird frequency through the day. The observation effort peaks in a givenperiod. thefirst and last part of the day due to work schedule onthe Nature I•eserve, leaving more free time before 8 a.m. and afier S p.m.Low observation effort in the very first and last hours ofthe day is linked to seasonal variations indawn and sunset time. Resultsin Context Themean number ofbirds per hour tends to decrease throughout theday (r = -0.71). Shearwalersand petrels From April 2001 to December2004, 7513 etal. 1998;Sibley 2000), but flight behaviors straightwings and longglides on slightly shearwatersand petrels () were werealso carefully scrutinized and eventual- archedwings; its trajectoryarcs above sea sampledduring 380 hoursof seawatching; ly alsoused for identification.At suchdis- levelduring the glideas wind strengthens, 88 percent of these(6611) were identified to tances,for instance,distinguishing Manx andunder strong winds it mostlyglides, arc- species.Unidentified birds were scoredas (Puffinuspuffinus) from Audubon's Shearwa- ingsharply upward from the sea surface up "largeshearwaters" (Cory's/Greater) or tersbased on plumagecharacters was often to manymeters high, then veering sharply "small black-and-white shearwaters" challenging;structure and flight patterns downwardagain. Conversely,Audubon's (Manx/Audubon's)(Table 1). were thus the main features used to tell these Shearwater undertakes much shorter. shal- Black-cappedPetrel (Pterodromahasita- speciesapart. alternates a lowerglides on morearched , inter- ta)--Three individualswere seenin early brief seriesof strong,shallow beats of spersedwith frequentseries of fasterwing- 2004 (7 and 14 January,4 February);four

Table1. Monthly distribution ofshearwaters, petrels, and storm-petrels offPetite-Terre, Guadeloupe, 2001-2004, withlevel of sea-watching effort (hours per month). Numbers insquare brackets indicate unconfirmed identifications.

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug 5ep Oct Nov Dec TOTAL

ManxShearwater 5 85 2245 139 56 4 3 6 2543 Audubon'sShearwater 3 3 2 98 339 125 3 1 2 2 3 581 Manx/Audubon'sShearwater g 20 30 49 49 30 3 I 5 5 5 206 Greater5hearwater 3 1547 501 2051 Cory'sShearwater 1 2 18 463 91 5 42 5 627 Sooty5boarwater 1 5 3 I 10 Greater/Cory'sShearwater g 268 88 2 7 3 377 Black-cappedPetrel 2 1 3 gadflypetrel (œterodroma sp.) 2 1 1 4 Bulwer'sPetrel 1 [+1] [1] 1 [+2] Wilson'sStorm- 3 63 359 282 51 4 1 2 765 Leach'sStorm-Petrel 5 26 14 1 46 unidentifiedstorm-petrel 7 33 97 138 1g 1 I I 297

Totalnumber of birds 22 121 2379 770 913 2513 692 8 1 11 60 23 7513

Totalnumber of hours 25.5 31.25 37 30.25 50.25 60 45.5 32.5 13.25 11 18.75 24.75 380

VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER 4 675 moregadfly petrels (Pterodroma sp.) seen in list of speciesrecorded in Guadeloupeyet: passeast of Guaddoupeeach year. Until the the sameperiod were also most likely this accordingto the criteriain placefor the presentstudy, this specieswas considered species.Black-capped Petrel had not been FrenchWest Indies, any species new to the uncommon,although regular, at Guade- reportednear Guadeloupesince breeding areaneeds to beeither photographed or seen loupe(Feldmann et al. 1909),with all previ- ceasedto be reportedin the eighteenthcen- by at leasttwo experienced observers. ousrecords in May-July,even though the tury or earlynineteenth century (Pinchon highestcount was only four individualsoff 1976).According to Raffaeleet al. (1998),a Largeshearwaters the Caribbean(west) 7 July1994 (As- fewpairs of thisendangered species may still Out of 3065large shearwaters recorded dur- sociationpour l'l•-tude des Vertebres des An- breedon nearbyDominica, although there ing thestudy, 2688 (88%) were identified to tilles, archives). noconfirmed recent reports apart from a few species:2051 GreaterShearwaters (Puffinus Cory'sShearwater (Figure 4) is alsopri- birdsreported off this island(A. R. Keith, gravis),377 Cory'sShearwaters ( marflya springmigrant (24 April-20 Au- pets.comm.). riomedea).Another 637 were loggedas gust), occurringmostly in June-July.Be- Bulwer'sPetrel ( bulwerii)--One unidentifiedlarge shearwaters (Greater or causethe peak of its occurrenceoverlaps wasseen 11 June 2003 following a periodof Cory's).(No individualsresembling the re- considerablywith the passageof Greater strongeasterly winds (50-80 krn/hr)lasting cenfiysplit Shearwater [Calonec- Shearwater,this surveyrecorded a rather severaldays, and two more singles were sus- tris edwardsii]were observed,but differences high proportion (13-29ø/0annually) of pectedthat year on 12June and 5 July.Bul- fromGreater/Cory's would likely to bediffi- unidentifiedlarge shearwaters during these werõPetrel was previously recorded at sea cultto perceiveat a distance.In manycases two months. In contrast to Greater Shearwa- nearCuracao (13 May 1970;Voous 1983), at of distantshearwaters recorded as Cory's, we ter,however, Cory's also occurred in much seaoff Dominica(21 April 2003;Norton et cannot rule out edwardsii.) Somewhat sur- smallernumbers year-round. The daily max- al. 2003). and as a corpseon an islet off prisingly,only 10 SootyShearwaters (Puffi- imumwas 120 in 2.75hours on 8 July;one Trinidadin January 1961 (ffrench 1991). Al- nusgriseus) were recorded during the survey. may thusestimate that about3000 Cory's thoughreported as a vagrantm Barbadosby All threelarge shearwater species were ob- Shearwaterspass east of Guadeloupein June Raffaeleet al. (1998), thosereports are now servedin eachstudy year. andJuly annually.These observations con- considered"unsupported" (four reports; GreaterShearwater (Figure 3) occurred traststarkly with earlierappraisals of the threeconfirmed but just east of theBarbados in Juneand July (extremes26 May and23 species'status m Guadeloupe,where there ExclusiveEconomic Zone) in the forthcoin- July).The highest count was with 261 in 2.5 wereonly two previousrecords: one on 16 ing Barbadoschecklist (Buckley et al., in hourson 11June 2003. One may thus esti- May 1992and one on 22 May 1993(Fdd- press).Similarly, it cannotbe addedto the mate that about 14,150 GreaterShearwaters mann et al. 1999). Sooty Shearwaterswere seenonly 10 Greater Shearwater timesin fouryears, mostly in May(five, ear- liest 19 May) and June (three, latest 11 June), with odd late-autumn and winter recordson 11 November2004 and 26 Janu- ary 2002. All observationswere of single birds.These data are in keepingwith limited previousinformation. Fddmann (1998) in- cludedthe species on thelist of thebirds of Guadeloupe,although the databaseof the FrenchWest Indies naturalist society AEVA (Associationpour l'Etude des Vertebres des Antilles)lacked any detailedrecords until Yesoureported one in lnid-March1998.

Small black-and-white shearwaters Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Manx and Audubon's Shearwaters are usual- ly easilytold apart.and out of 3330 small Figure3. ObservationsofGreater Shearwater bymonth, 2001-2004. shearwaters, only 206 (6ø/0)were left unidentified. Most identified birds were Cory's Shearwater Manx, of which 2543 were recorded,while 581 Audubon's Shearwaters were recorded. •7 The first Manx Shearwater recorded at o •6 -- Guadeloupewas found dead at Desiradels- landon 30 April1997; it hadbeen banded in 1978as a flyingbird (bornbefore that year, '•4 ageotherwise unknown) at a colonyin Saint Kilda, Scotland(Keith and Keith 2003; J. •3 Clark, BritishTrust for ,pets. comm.). Earlier recoveriesof Manx banded in the UnitedKingdom come from Trinidad and Grenada. No Manx was recorded alive in -- [] waterssurrounding Guadeloupe until 2001 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec (kevesqueandJaffard 2002), and so it is sur- prisingthat Maruxproved to be the most abundantprocellariiform in thepresent sur- Figure4. ObservationsofCory's Shearwater bymonth, 2001-2004.

676 NORTH AMERICAN BIRD Shearwatersobserved during the present Manx Shearwater studywere not migrantsbut localbreeders dispersingto foragingareas at dawn.If this ß- 50 interpretationis correct, it is conceivable •o 45 that individual birds may be routmely • 40 recordedmultiple times.In that case,the e 35 numberof differentbirds passing the study sitedunng their April-June peak period can- not be estimated

20 Storm-petrels 15 The 1068 stormpetrels logged during the 10 fouryears of thesurvey almost certainly un- õ 5 der-representtheir actualabundance in the studyarea, as such tiny seabirds can be diffi- Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec cult to detect at a distance. That 28% of those recordedwere not identifiedto specieslike- Figure5. ObservationsofManx Shearwater bymonth, 2001-2004. wiserelates largely to the distancesof obser- vation involved. Nevertheless,the records Audubon's Shearwater shedlight on themigration timing and rela- tiveabundance of thetwo regular species. Wilson's Storm-Petrel (Oceaniresoceani- cus) accounts for 9'•% of identified storm- petrelsrecorded. It hasbeen recorded from 1'•February to 8 August,with peaknumbers in April and May (Figure8). An influx oc- curredon 25 April 2001,when 2'•5 individ- ualswere seen in onlythree hours. This pas- sage excepted,the species'frequency is ratherconstant in Apriland May (at 'L7 -+1.7 birdsPar),and it canbe estimatedthat on av- erageabout 8000 individualspass Guade- loupein March-Juneeach year, a figurein contrastto earlierstatements that the species Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec is rare at Guadeloupe(Feldmann 1998). Outsidethis spring passage, a few were seen Figure6. ObservationsofAudubon's Shearwater bymonth, 2001-2004. in theJune-August period: "two" on 13 Oc- tober2004 possiblyreferred to onlyone in- veys--3'•% of all tubenosesrecorded and remarkable that 72% of Audubon's Shearwa- dividual;and one unidentifiedstorm-petrel '•0%of all shearwaters--andthus probably terswere recorded prior to 0800 hrs,includ- on 7 December200'• was possibly this the mostabundant seabird off Guadeloupe ing65% during the first hour after dawn. Re- species,although Leach's might be more (no systematiccounts of ternshave been un- searchon the species'breeding biology in likelyin thelatter case, inasmuch as Raffaele dertaken,however). Manx hasbeen record- Martinique(R. Brithmer,pers. comm.; the et al. (1998) list Leach's as a "rare non- edfrom 5 Novemberthrough 10June, some- late E De Mercey,pers. comm., fide M. Pas- breedingresident from Novemberto June." times in flocksof up to 18 birds, but it cal)indicates that hatching occurs from late Leach's Storm-Petrels (Oceanodrornaleu- remainsscarce outside its spring passage March into April and fledgingin June and corhoa) were recorded in far fewer numbers from Februaryto May, peakingin March July--thuswith a fledgingperiod in agree- ('•6) than Wilson's,all of them between 12 (Figure5). The dailymaximum was 597 in ment with the 62-100 (mean=75)days as Marchand 4 June,with thehighest frequency four hourson 3 March200'• during strong givenby Harris (1969). This stronglysug- (averageof 0.5 bird/hr)in April (Figure9). northeasterlywinds (up to 80 km/hr) that geststhat mostif not all of the Audubon's Interannualvariability was high, however, had begunthe previousday We estimated thaton averagean astonishing26,000 Manx Shearwaterspass in February-Mayeach year,three-quarters of themin March. Audubon'sShearwater is the onlyshear- water known to breed in the Lesser Antilles. ManxShearwater The nearest known colonies are in Domini- caand Martinique, 66 and 1'•9km fromthe studyarea, respectively, but breedingis also • • Co•'sShearwater suspectedat Marie-GalanteIsland, which is just 2'• km away The specieswas recorded

year-roundduring our study but proved very one-hour periods scarceoutside the '• April-9Jul)' period (Fig- ure 6). While the other shearwaters were Figure7.Average shearwater distribution ofrecords according totime of the day. The low frequency ofManx Shearwaters inthe recordedat all timesof day(Figure 7), it is veryfirst hour of the day is related to the shorter day (and thus later time of dawn), in March, when the species mostly occurs.

VOLUME 59 (2005) NUMBER 4 677 Storm-Petrel and Manx Shearwater (Lee Wilson's Storm Petrel 1995, Keith and Keith 2003). The estimated averageof 26,000 Manx Shearwaterseach 25 year in Guadeloupe'scoastal waters indi- catesthat a sizeableportion of thebreeding populationpasses along the LesserAntilles' Atlanticcoasts when returningnorthward =o 20 from SouthAmerican wintering grounds. This species'distribution in the North At- lantic duringthe nonbreedingseason has typicallybeen mapped as extending no far- therwest than ca. 40ø W (e.g.,Cramp and Simmons 1977, Brooke 1990, Carboneras 1992). It is now clear that it extendsmuch fartherto the west,at leastduring north- boundmigration. 5 The informationcollected during the presentstudy also raises several questions. . I. AlthoughSooty Shearwaters migrate in large numbers into the Northern Atlantic in Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec spring,they were observedin very small numberscompared to GreaterShearwaters. Figure8, ObservationsofWilson's Storm Petrol by month, 2001-2004. The scarcityof SootyShearwaters around Guadeloupesuggests that their typicalmi- Leach's Storm Petrel gratoryroutes lie fartheroffshore, and land- basedcounts from othersites (e.g., eastern Bermuda)appear to confirmthat inference. Clearly,-based pelagic studies would improveour knowledgeof the distribution of this speciesand of others, such as Audubon's Shearwater, which is observed only rarelyinshore outside of the nesdng season.The distributionof pelagicseabirds extends much farther offshore at sea than the relatively short range that can be scannedwith a spottingscope from shore: whatcan be seenfrom shore surely is only partof a broadermovement, and thenum- bersof storm-petrels,petrels, and shearwa- Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec ters frequentingthe deepAriantic waters well eastof the LesserAntilles might prove Figure9. ObservationsofLeach's Storm-Petrel bymonth, 2001-2004. to be muchhigher than those we haveesti- matedfor our studysite in Guadeloupe. withnone in 2003but twicethe average num- Discussion Studies of these seabirds' distribution and berin April-May2004. We thus estimate that This four-yearsurvey has revealedthat phenologythat includevarious biotic and keachkStorm-Petrels off Petite-Terrein spring manyspecies previously considered rare in abioticoceanographic parameters (such as haveranged from zero to at least800 birds per factoccur in largenumbers in coastalwaters seawatercurrents, sea surface temperature, yearduring the studyperiod. Furthermore. off the Guadeloupearchipelago. The past nutrient richness,and planktonand fish vessel-hasedobservations several km offshore deficienciesin ourunderstanding of thesta- densities)would providea betterunder- indicate that the actual Wilsonkkeachg ratio tus and distributionof tubenoseshere ma) standingof thesebirds' habits and is probablyabout 10:1, rather than the 17:1 bemost directly explained by theabsence of than we have now. ratioobserved from shore. This suggests that systematicobservations in springfrom ap- We believeit likelythat other east-facing a significantproportion of distant,unidenti- propriatevantage points. It is nowclear that sitesalong the Caribbean arc will proveto be fiedstorm-petrels might be keach's. Whatever many pelagic seabirds move through productivefor seawatching.For example, in the actualabundance of keachg,the figures nearshorewaters east of Guadeloupe.The April 2004 we brieflytried observing from againcontradict earlier assessments of the observedseasonal pattern of mostspecies the easternpoint of Desira&Island, which species'status in Guadeloupe,where it has agreeswith previousknowledge about their lies farther east than Peute-Terre and closer beenconsidered "rare" (Feldmann 1998). No migrationsin the northwesternAriantic to highly productivewaters where Hump- Band-rumpedStorm-Petrels (Occanodroma Oceangenerally, e.g., the northwardpost- backWhales (Megaptera novaeangfiae) con- castro)were recorded or evensuspected, ei- breedingmigration of austral breeders gregatewithin 3 km or soof thecoast. This therfrom the coast or duringboat-based off- (Greaterand SootyShearwaters, Wilson's shortvisit allowedus to recordspecies nev- shoreobservations. Considering its regional Storm-Petrel);the boreal-summerdispersal er detectedfrom Terre-de-Bas(e.g., groups status(Raffaele et al. 1998),it is certainlypos- westwardof nonbreedingor post-breeding of Willets[Catoptrophorus semipalmatus] in siblethat some of theunidentified storm-pe- Cory'sShearwaters; and the return migra- activemigration over the ocean)and led us trdswere this species. uon of boreal breeders such as keach's to suspectthat D•sirade Island may be even

678 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS moreproductive for seawatchingthan Terre- Literature cited Harrison,P. 1985. Seabirds:an identification de-Bas.We encourageobservers to seawatch Ballartec,D. K. 2004. from car- guide HoughtonMifflin, ,Massa- in these locationsat any time of year; go .British Birds 97: 16-26. chusetts. March-Julyappears to havethe greatest po- Brooke, M. de k. 1990. The Manx Shearwa- Harrison,P. 1987.Field Guide to seabirdsof tential. ter. Poyser,London. theworld. Stephen Greene Press, Lexing- Buckley,PA., M. B.Hum E. B.Massiah, E G. ton, . Acknowledgments Buckley,and H. E Hum in press.The Birds Keith, A. R., and L W. Keith. 2003. More The projectwas partly funded by Direcuon of Barbados,West Indies. B.O.U. Checklist. pelagicbird sightingsoff Dominica.Jour- Regionalede l'Fnvironnementde Guade- BritishOrnithologists' Union, London. nalof CaribbeanOrnithology 16: 26-30. loupe, where specialthanks are due to Carboneras,C. 1992. Procellariidae Lee,D. S. 1995.The pelagic of Manx FranckMazeas. Anthony kevesque is grate- (petrelsand shearwaters). Pp. 216-257 in: ShearwatersPuffinus puffinus off the ful to Ren• Dumont, curator of R•serve Na- del Hoyo,J., Flliott, A. and Sargatal,J., southeastern United States of America. turelie des tiers de la Petite-Terre, who eds.,Handbook of theBirds Of the World. MarineOrnithology 23: 107-119. agreedto include this projectin the re- Volume 1. Lynx Fdicions, Barcelona, Levesque,A., and M. E. Jaffard.2002. Fif- serve'ssurvey program. Alain Saint-Auret . teen new bird speciesin Guadeloupe and MauriceD•varieux have been very Cramp,S., and K. E. L Simmons,eds. 1977. (EW.I.). E1Pitirre 15: 5-6. helpfulin drivingthe boatsduring trips at Birdsof the WesternPalearctic. Volume 1. Norton, R. L, A. White, and A. Dobson. sea.Michel Pascal provided the information OxfordUniversity Press, Oxford. 2003. The springmigration: West Indies he hadcompiled on the breedingcalendar Feldmann,E 1998.Checklist ofbirds of Guade- and Bermuda. North American Birds 57: of seabirdsin Martinique. Researchand loupeand Martinique. AEVA Report 20. As- 417-419. travelfacilities were given to PierreY•sou sociauonpour l'l•tude des Vertebres des Pinchon, R. 1976. Faune des Antilles thanks to Dominique Aribert and Fric Antilles(AEVA), Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe. francaises.Les Oiseaux.Fort de France, Hansen from Office National de la Chasse Feldmann,E, E. Benito-Espinal,and A. R. Martinique. et dela FauneSauvage (ONCFS). We grate- Keith. 1999. New bird records from Raffaele,H., J. Wiley,O. Garndo,A. Keith fully acknowledgethe assistanceprovided Guadeloupeand Martinique, West Indies. and H. Raffaele. 1998. A Guide to the Birds by P. A. Buckleyand Allan R. Keith, who Joinhalof FieldOrnithology 70: 80-94. of the WestIndies. Princeton University helpedin ourliterature search and reviewed ffrench,R. I991. A Guideto the Birdsof Press,Princeton, New Jersey. draftsof the paper.Jacquie Clark, headof Trinidadand Tobago.Cornell University Sibley,D. A. 2000.The Sibley Grade to North the banding(ringing) unit at the British Press.hhaca, New York. AmericanBirds. Knopf, New York, New Trustfor Ornithology(BTO), assisted us in Harris, M. P 1969. Food as a factor control- York. locatingdetails on the recoveriesof Manx hng the breedingof Puffinuslherminieri. Voous,K. H. 1983.Birds Of the Netherlands Shearwaters. Ibis 111:139-156. Antilles.De Walburg Pers, Curacao. •

CORNELLLABof ORNITHOLOGY

ß , BIROS. CORNELL, EOU

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VOLUME 59 (2005) HUMBER 4 679