DOCSLIB.ORG

The Formation of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1830-1878)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Formation of the Bulgarian Exarchate (1830-1878) CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Sabanci University Research Database 'PHILETISM' IN THE BALKANS: THE FORMATION OF THE BULGARIAN EXARCHATE (1830-1878) by ÜMİT ESER Submitted to the Graduate School of Arts and Social Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Sabancı University Spring 2009 I ABBREVIATIONS BOA. Bİ. Ottoman Archives of Prime Ministry/ Decrees of Bulgaria (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri/ Bulgaristan İradeleri) BOA. DED. BBD Ottoman Archives of Prime Ministry/ Registers of Foreign States/ Berat Registers of Bulgaria (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri/ Düvel-i Ecnebiye Defterleri/ Bulgaristan Berat Defteri) BOA. MH. Ottoman Archives of Prime Ministry/ Central Chancery Registers (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri/ Mühimme Defterleri) BOA. MV Ottoman Archives of Prime Ministry/ Official Reports of Council of Ministers (Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri/ Meclis-i Vükela Mazbataları) C. ADL Judiciary of Cevdet's Classification (Cevdet Tasnifi/ Adliye) H. H. Reform Decree (Hatt-ı Hümayun) MMZC Official Report of the Ottoman Parliameny (Meclis-i Mebusan Zabıt Ceridesi) II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express deepest gratitude for my advisor, Prof. Dr. Fikret Adanır, for his excellent guidance, encouragement, and conversations full of motivation. I am glad to have the chance to study with him. I would like to thank Elif Kiraz, who translated the crucial chapters of single German book- the book of Michael Ursinus- used in this study and assisted to read some Ottoman documents. I also would like to thank Leyla Kenaroğlu, Emil Sabri Halil and Necmi Kasapoğlu for their help in the translations of Bulgarian works. I must thank to Katerina Antoniou for her help about some Greek names and her support. All translations from French into English, Turkish into English, and Russian into English are the work of author of this thesis. Admittedly, all the mistakes in these translations belong to me. I would like to thank Dr. Akşin Somel and Dr. Elçin Macar for their help on various occasions and for their suggestions. I would like to render my thanks to the staff of Ivan Vazov National Library in Plovdiv and helpful clerics of the Assumptionist Roman Catholic Church at Moda, who provided the copies of Revue d'Orient. Besides, I would like to thank Demet Akman, who provided access to the Külliyat-ı Kavanin documents in the Turkish History Association (Türk Tarih Kurumu). And lastly, I am grateful to my mother, Nilgün, for her strong support throughout my thesis time, and sister, Gizem, for her support and understanding. III ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to analyze the formation process of the Bulgarian Exarchate. The method of presentation in this work is topical-chronological. First chapter deals with different aspects of Ottoman modernization (transformation/formalization process of millet system, rise of secularist tendencies, and attempt to create an Ottoman nation by Tanzimat cadres) starting from the 19th century. Following chapter continues with structural and cultural changes beginning from the mid-18th century in the Bulgarian lands and role of Catholic and Protestant missionaries within these changes in the 19th century. The third chapter investigates the phases of the foundation of the Bulgarian Exarchate between the 1830s and 1872. Our argument is that establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate is the most crucial event in the fragmentation of the Orthodox realm in the Balkans realized in the 19th century due to the spread of ideas of Enlightenment and Romanticism. Ethnic violence and secular parochialism posed the most serious threat against ecumenic character of Orthodoxy. Even though the Ecumenical Patriarchate had a reserve against nationalist ideas, 'official' churches of the nation-states became the instruments of these new political structures. The research of problem under study is based on archival collections and secondary sources. These archival materials are the Ottoman Archives of the Prime Ministry, Külliyat-ı Kavanin documents in the Türk Tarih Kurumu (Turkish Historical Association), and Tasnif-i Cevdet/Adliye (Classification of Teacher Cevdet for Judiciary). The existing historiography on the Exarchate is very old and very limited, though many researches were conducted about the Ottoman millet system, reforms of the 19th century, and missionary movements in the Bulgarian lands. ÖZET Bu çalışmanın amacı Bulgar Eksarhlığının biçimlenme sürecini incelemektir. Bu çalışmada sunum metodu konuyla ilgili-kronolojiktir. İlk bölüm 19. yüzyıldan başlayarak Osmanlı modernleşmesinin farklı veçheleriyle (Millet sisteminin dönüşüm/ resmileşme süreci, seküler eğilimlerin yükselişi, Tanzimat kadrolarınca bir Osmanlı ulusu yaratma girişimiyle) ilgilenir. Takip eden bölüm 18. yüzyılın ortasından başlayan Bulgar topraklarındaki yapısal ve kültürel değişimlerle ve 19. yüzyılda bu değişimdeki Katolik ve Protestan misyonerlerin rolüyle devam eder. Üçüncü bölüm 1830larla 1872 arasında Bulgar Eksarhlığının kurulma evrelerini inceler. İddiamız Bulgar Eksarhlığının kuruluşunun 19. yüzyılda Aydınlanma ve Romantizmin fikirlerinin yayılmasından dolayı gerçekleşen Ortodoks aleminin parçalanmasında en önemli olay olduğudur. Etnik şiddet ve seküler dar görüşlülük Ortodoks mezhebinin ekümenik karakterine yönelik en ciddi tehdidi yaratmıştır. Ekümenik Patrikhanenin milliyetçi fikirlere karşı ihtiyatı olmasına rağmen, ulus- IV devletlerin 'resmi' kiliseleri, bu yeni siyasi yapıların aletleri haline gelmiştir. Çalışılan sorunun araştırması arşiv koleksiyonlarına ve ikinci el kaynaklara dayanır. Bu arşiv materyalleri Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivleri, Türk Tarih Kurumu'nda Külliyat-ı Kavanin dökümanları ve Muallim Cevdetin Adliye Tasnifidir. Birçok araştırmacının Osmanlı millet sistemi, 19. yüzyıl reformları ve Bulgar topraklarındaki misyoner hareketleri hakkında araştırmalarını yürütmesine karşıni Eksarhhane üzerine var olan tarih yazımı eski ve hala çok sınırlıdır. V CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 Historiography of the Topic 3 Historical Background of So-Called Millet System: An Autonomous Realm for non-Muslim Communities 4 Nomen: Millet 4 Discussions about the Existence and Autonomy of the Millets 8 The Greatest non-Muslim Millet in the Empire: Millet-i Rum 11 Centrifugal Tendencies at the End of the 18th Century: Kardzhaliisko, Rule of Ayan, and Emergence of Local Liability in the Balkans 15 CHAPTER I: GENERAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 21 The Imperial Edict of Rose Chamber and Reforms in the Provincial Administration 21 War and Ongoing Reforms: Announcement of the Reform Decree 28 Centralist Modernization Project: Ottomanism 33 Modernization: Secularization Attempts within the non-Muslim Communities 39 CHAPTER II: VAZRAZHDANE: SOCIAL AND CULTURAL TRANSITION PERIOD AMONG THE BULGARIAN COMMUNITIES 41 Economic Revival and Major Centers of Economic Activity 42 Cultural Revival and Emergence of Schooling Network 50 Disorder in the Northwestern Edge: Peasant Rebellions, 1841-50 52 Rise of Catholic Missionary Efforts and the Establishment of a Uniate Church 55 Nascent Involvement of the Protestant Missions 61 CHAPTER III: ESTABLISHMENT PROCESS OF THE BULGARIAN EXARCHATE, C. 1830-1872 69 Early Demands for the Bulgarian-Speaking Metropolitan Bishops, c. 1830-1847 69 Construction of a Bulgarian Church in the Ottoman Capital and Search for Restoration of Friendly Relations under the Guidance of Stefan Bogoridi, 1847-1859 71 Years of Crisis, 1859-1864 74 The Ambassadorship of Ignatiev and the Disruption of the Russian Pan-Orthodox Policies, 1864-1870 77 The Pronunciation of the Ferman (Imperial Decree) and the Establishment of the Exarchate VI 83 Ignatiev's Last Attempt for Reconciliation, 1870-1872 88 Formation of the Bulgarian Exarchate: A Philetism? 92 Aftermath 93 CONCLUSION 103 BIBLIOGRAPHY 107 VII INTRODUCTION The roles of educational and religious institutions are important in the nation-formation period in the 19th century Balkans. The duty of these institutions is acceptance of nationalistic policies by local rural masses and conviction of these masses to be 'national'. The centralization, bureaucratization, and homogenization triggered by these institutions led to the nationalist indoctrination of the masses1. Since the religious institutions (churches, monasteries, synagogues) and educational institutions were controlled by the same group (clerics) in the Ottoman millet system, establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate is a milestone for the development of Bulgarian nationalism. Formation of the Bulgarian Exarchate is related with the intellectual aspect of nationalism. It had a crucial importance over the school issue in the Macedonian question and linguistic programs of the Bulgarian nationalism. Miroslav Hroch, who successfully related the construction of an élité nationalism to the capitalist developments, has a model of the development of nationalism for small nations in Eastern Europe. Hroch has five phases for non-dominant ethnic groups for the development of linguistic programs2. In this work, initial four stages were investigated in the Bulgarian context. In the Stage A, Hroch shows that 'language is celebrated and defended'. A few educated scholars and bishops published some works on the role of their national groups or dictionaries. In these works, 'aesthetic value, ability to express all manner of feelings or the convey of information, and historical merits' of vernacular language were praised. These
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 6Th FIS Youth and Children's Seminar
    6th FIS Youth and Children’s Seminar Bring Children to the Snow Zurich, Hotel Hilton Airport 1st October 2008 6th FIS Youth and Children’s Seminar Bring Children to the Snow Programme Tuesday, 30th September 2008 Arrival 19.00 Networking Evening - Salon La Place A Welcome by Ken Read, Chair, FIS Coordination Group Youth & Children Opening cocktail with finger food Wednesday, 1st October 2008 Please note that the seminar will be conducted in English only. Panorama C 09:00 – 09:05 Introduction by Dr. Josef Zenhäusern 09:05 – 10:00 Keynote speaker Research study of the Youth from point of view of the ski industry Dr. Helene Karmasin, Head of the Karmasin Motivation research, Austria 10:00 – 10:15 Importance of young generations for the industry Jean-Pierre Morand, Secretary General of SRS (Ski Racing Suppliers) 10:15 – 10:45 Integration of ski lessons in the school curriculum Mila Andreeva, Bulgarian Ski Association 10:45 – 11.00 Coffee break 11:00 – 11:30 Question and Answer Session with FIS President and Secretary General 11:30 – 12:15 Status Report: FIS Campaign Bring Children to the Snow Jens Thiemer, CNC 12:15 – 12:30 Next Steps, Riikka Rakic, FIS Communications Manager 12:30 – 14:00 Lunch 14:00 – 15:30 Working Group Sessions (4 groups) focused on initial campaign concepts in the areas of ‘activating’, ‘enabling’ and ‘sharing’ Group 1: Room Panorama C Group 2: Room Chairmen's Lounge Group 3: Room Berlin Group 4: Room Paris 15:30 – 16:00 Coffee break 16:00 Working Group reports 17:00 Conclusions, Ken Read Participation Every National Ski Association is welcome to distribute information on what has been implemented in their countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantines, Jews, and Latins in Medieval Bulgaria: Others, Within
    Reviews Рецензии Byzantines, Jews, and Византийцы, иудеи Latins in Medieval и латиняне Bulgaria: Others, в средневековой Болгарии: within and outside Другие внутри the Commonwealth и вне сообщества Dmitry I. Polyvyannyy Дмитрий Игоревич Полывянный Ivanovo State University, Ивановский государственный Ivanovo, Russia университет, Иваново, Россия АНГЕЛОВ П., Чуждите народи в представите на средновековния българин, София, ТАНГРА ТанНакРА ИК ООД, 2013, 262 с. Professor Peter Angelov, the renowned medievalist from Sofia University “St. Clement of Ohrid,” has published a new book, Foreign Peoples as Viewed by a Medieval Bulgarian, following the path laid out in his previous works on images of Bulgaria and Bulgarians in Byzantium and on medieval Bulgarian diplomacy [Angelov 1999; idem 2011]. His new research uncovers unexplored perspectives provided by an imagological approach to the study of the Bulgarian mind during the Middle Ages, and he raises new questions about the rare written, iconographical, and folklore evidence that originated in both domest ic and foreign sources. Angelov chooses as his subjects those who differ from Bul garians by faith (for example, Judaists and Catholics) and by the polities to which they belonged (for example, Byzantines or Westerners, who, in medieval Bulgaria, were called Franks or Latins). Depending on the circumstances, members of each of these groups might be considered by the medieval Bulgarian state and society as insiders or outsiders. Proving that this situation to some extent was rooted in the regional specifics of Bulgaria, Angelov quotes the evidence of writings by Demetrios Chomatenos, arch­ bishop of Bulgaria (1216–1236), which state that the territory of his diocese, with its see in Ohrid, “from ancient times was allowed to be inhabited by peoples of other faiths and by different pagans, namely Jews, Armenians, Ishmaelites, Hagarians, etc.” (p.
    [Show full text]
  • Good Practices in Target Libraries from Plovdiv District
    Good Practices in Target Libraries from Plovdiv District 4 September 2011, Plovdiv, Ivan Vazov Public Library LIST OF MEETING PARTICIPANTS No. Name Organization/Institution Settlement 1. Ana Belcheva Municipal administration Rakovski Rakovski 2. Angelina Stavreva Ivan Vazov Public Library, Methodology Dept. Plovdiv 3. Ani Sirakova Library at Sts. Cyril and Methodius PC Parvomay 4. Anka Bekirova Library at Iskra Public Chitalishte Kaloyanovo 5. Apostol Stanev Library at Sokolov Public Chitalishte Panicheri 6. Valya Stoyanova Library at N.Y. Vaptsarov Public Chitalishte Stamboliyski 7. Vasilka Bahchevanska Library at Vasil Kolev Public Chitalishte Trilistnik 8. Vaska Mincheva Library at Probuda Public Chitalishte Krichim 9. Vaska Tonova Ivan Vazov Public Library, Children’s Dept. Plovdiv 10. Velizar Petrov Regional Information Center Plovdiv 11. Vera Endreva Library at Hristo Botev Public Chitalishte Zlatitrap 12. Vera Kirilova NAWV Plovdiv 13. Gergana Vulcheva Library at Ivan Vazov Public Chitalishte Iskra 14. Gyurgena Madzhirova Library at Lyuben Karavelov Public Chitalishte Kurtovo Konare 15. Daniela Kostova Municipal administration Asenovgrad Asenovgrad 16. Darina Markova Library at Hristo Botev Public Chitalishte Dabene 17. Dzhamal Kichukov “Zora” Library Laki 18. Dimitar Minev Ivan Vazov Public Library, Director Plovdiv 19. Dobrinka Batinkova Library at N.Y. Vaptsarov Public Chitalishte Kuklen 20. Donka Kumanova Library at Sts. Cyril and Methodius PC Shishmantsi 21. Elena Atanasova Library at Ivan Vazov Public Chitalishte Plovdiv 22. E lena Batinkova Library at Samorazvitie Public Chitalishte Brestnik 23. Elena Mechkova Library at N.Y. Vaptsarov Public Chitalishte Topolovo 24. Elena Raychinova Library at Ivan Vazov Public Chitalishte Sopot 25. Emilia Angelova Library at Sts. Cyril and Methodius PC Parvomay page 1 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria
    Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Bulgaria By Henry L. deZeng IV General Map Edition: November 2014 Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Copyright © by Henry L. deZeng IV (Work in Progress). (1st Draft 2014) Blanket permission is granted by the author to researchers to extract information from this publication for their personal use in accordance with the generally accepted definition of fair use laws. Otherwise, the following applies: All rights reserved. No part of this publication, an original work by the authors, may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of the author. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. This information is provided on an "as is" basis without condition apart from making an acknowledgement of authorship. Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Airfields Bulgaria Introduction Conventions 1. For the purpose of this reference work, “Bulgaria” generally means the territory belonging to the country on 6 April 1941, the date of the German invasion and occupation of Yugoslavia and Greece. The territory occupied and acquired by Bulgaria after that date is not included. 2. All spellings are as they appear in wartime German documents with the addition of alternate spellings where known. Place names in the Cyrillic alphabet as used in the Bulgarian language have been transliterated into the English equivalent as they appear on Google Earth. 3. It is strongly recommended that researchers use the search function because each airfield and place name has alternate spellings, sometimes 3 or 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Slovenia Have Been Remarkable
    Mrak/Rojec/Silva-Jáur lovenia’s achievements over the past several years Slovenia have been remarkable. Thirteen years after Public Disclosure Authorized independence from the former Socialist Federative egui Republic of Yugoslavia, the country is among the most advanced of all the transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe and a leading candidate for accession to the European Union Sin May 2004. Remarkably, however, very little has been published Slovenia documenting this historic transition. Fr om Y In the only book of its kind, the contributors—many of them the architects of Slovenia’s current transformation—analyze the country’s three-fold ugoslavia to the Eur transition from a socialist to a market economy, from a regionally based to a national economy, and from being a part of the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia to being an independent state and a member of the European Union (EU). With chapters from Slovenia’s president, a former vice prime minister, Public Disclosure Authorized the current and previous ministers of finance, the minister of European affairs, the current and former governors of the Bank of Slovenia, as well as from leading development scholars in Slovenia and abroad, this unique opean Union collection synthesizes Slovenia’s recent socioeconomic and political history and assesses the challenges ahead. Contributors discuss the Slovenian style of socioeconomic transformation, analyze Slovenia’s quest for EU membership, and place Slovenia’s transition within the context of the broader transition process taking place in Central and Eastern Europe. Of interest to development practitioners and to students and scholars of the region, Slovenia: From Yugoslavia to the European Union is a From Yugoslavia comprehensive and illuminating study of one country’s path to political and economic independence.
    [Show full text]
  • CULTURAL HERITAGE in MIGRATION Published Within the Project Cultural Heritage in Migration
    CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MIGRATION Published within the project Cultural Heritage in Migration. Models of Consolidation and Institutionalization of the Bulgarian Communities Abroad funded by the Bulgarian National Science Fund © Nikolai Vukov, Lina Gergova, Tanya Matanova, Yana Gergova, editors, 2017 © Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum – BAS, 2017 © Paradigma Publishing House, 2017 ISBN 978-954-326-332-5 BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES INSTITUTE OF ETHNOLOGY AND FOLKLORE STUDIES WITH ETHNOGRAPHIC MUSEUM CULTURAL HERITAGE IN MIGRATION Edited by Nikolai Vukov, Lina Gergova Tanya Matanova, Yana Gergova Paradigma Sofia • 2017 CONTENTS EDITORIAL............................................................................................................................9 PART I: CULTURAL HERITAGE AS A PROCESS DISPLACEMENT – REPLACEMENT. REAL AND INTERNALIZED GEOGRAPHY IN THE PSYCHOLOGY OF MIGRATION............................................21 Slobodan Dan Paich THE RUSSIAN-LIPOVANS IN ITALY: PRESERVING CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS HERITAGE IN MIGRATION.............................................................41 Nina Vlaskina CLASS AND RELIGION IN THE SHAPING OF TRADITION AMONG THE ISTANBUL-BASED ORTHODOX BULGARIANS...............................55 Magdalena Elchinova REPRESENTATIONS OF ‘COMPATRIOTISM’. THE SLOVAK DIASPORA POLITICS AS A TOOL FOR BUILDING AND CULTIVATING DIASPORA.............72 Natália Blahová FOLKLORE AS HERITAGE: THE EXPERIENCE OF BULGARIANS IN HUNGARY.......................................................................................................................88
    [Show full text]
  • Correlations of the Jurassic Sediments: Infra-Getic Unit
    GEOLO[KI ANALI BALKANSKOGA POLUOSTRVA 67 19–33 BEOGRAD, decembar 2006 ANNALES GÉOLOGIQUES DE LA PÉNINSULE BALKANIQUE BELGRADE, December 2006 Tran-sborder (south-east Serbia/west Bulgaria) correlations of the Jurassic sediments: Infra-Getic Unit 1 2 PLATON TCHOUMATCHENCO , DRAGOMAN RABRENOVI] , 3 4 BARBARA RADULOVI] & VLADAN RADULOVI] Abstract. The Infra-Getic Unit is a palaeogeographic unit, predestined by palaeotectonics. From the point of view of geological heritage, it represents a geosites framework. For the purpose of the correlation, the Serbian sections of Lukanja, Bogorodica Monastery, Rosoma~ and Senokos, as well as the Bulgarian sections of Komshtitsa, Gintsi, and Stanyantsi were used. The Jurassic sediments of the Infra-Getic Unit crop out on the southern slops of the Stara Planina Mountain in east Serbia and west Bulgaria. The Lower Jurassic started with continental and continental-marine sediments (clays and sandstones) (Lukanja clastics and Lukanja coal beds in Serbia and the Tuden Formation in Bulgaria) and continue with Lukanja quartz sandstones (Serbia) and the Kostina Formation (Bulgaria). These sediments are covered by Lukanja brachiopod beds and Lukanja limestones (Serbia) and the Romanov Dol, Ravna and Dolni Loukovit Members of the Ozirovo Formation (Bulgaria) pre- dominantly consist of bioclastic limestones. The sedimentations follow with Lukanja belemnites-gryphaea beds (marls and clayey limestones), which in Bulgaria correspond to the Bukorovtsi Member (also marls and clayey limestones) of the Ozirovo Formation. The Middle Jurassic sedimentation started with black shales with Bossitra alpine. These sediments are individualized in Serbia as Senokos aleurolites and clays and in Bulgaria they are known as the Etropole Formation. In Serbia the section continues with sandstones called Vodeni~ki sandstones of Bajocian age, known in Bulgaria as the Dobrogled Member of the Polaten Formation.
    [Show full text]
  • Vladimir Paounovsky
    THE B ULGARIAN POLICY TTHE BB ULGARIAN PP OLICY ON THE BB ALKAN CCOUNTRIESAND NN ATIONAL MM INORITIES,, 1878-19121878-1912 Vladimir Paounovsky 1.IN THE NAME OF THE NATIONAL IDEAL The period in the history of the Balkan nations known as the “Eastern Crisis of 1875-1879” determined the international political development in the region during the period between the end of 19th century and the end of World War I (1918). That period was both a time of the consolidation of and opposition to Balkan nationalism with the aim of realizing, to a greater or lesser degree, separate national doctrines and ideals. Forced to maneuver in the labyrinth of contradictory interests of the Great Powers on the Balkan Peninsula, the battles among the Balkan countries for superiority of one over the others, led them either to Pyrrhic victories or defeats. This was particularly evident during the 1912-1913 Balkan Wars (The Balkan War and The Interallied War) and World War I, which was ignited by a spark from the Balkans. The San Stefano Peace Treaty of 3 March, 1878 put an end to the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878). According to the treaty, an independent Bulgarian state was to be founded within the ethnographic borders defined during the Istanbul Conference of December 1876; that is, within the framework of the Bulgarian Exarchate. According to the treaty the only loss for Bulgaria was the ceding of North Dobroujda to Romania as compensa- tion for the return of Bessarabia to Russia. The Congress of Berlin (June 1878), however, re-consid- ered the Peace Treaty and replaced it with a new one in which San Stefano Bulgaria was parceled out; its greater part was put under Ottoman control again while Serbia was given the regions around Pirot and Vranya as a compensation for the occupation of Novi Pazar sancak (administrative district) by Austro-Hun- - 331 - VLADIMIR P AOUNOVSKY gary.
    [Show full text]
  • 23, 0159 Oslo, Norway
    Tel : +47 22413030 | Epost :[email protected]| Web :www.reisebazaar.no Karl Johans gt. 23, 0159 Oslo, Norway The Balkans Real Food Adventure Turkode Destinasjoner Turen starter ZKZM Makedonia - Montenegro Dubrovnik Turen destinasjon Reisen er levert av 12 dager Skopje Fra : NOK Oversikt Immerse yourself in the culinary delights of the Balkans on a 12-day tour through Croatia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. Along your way, stroll through lush national parks, discover quaint villages and see some of the region’s most spiritual sites. Sip a traditional fermented drink – boza – for breakfast, picnic on the banks of the Treska River, master the art of the perfect pastry with the village women of Janche, indulge in a traditional Kosovan barbeque, dine on home-grown produce in the private garden of a Dihovo family and visit a centuries-old olive press outside of Kotor. With curated food and wine experiences plus an expert local guide leading the way, your Balkans Real Food Adventure will not leave you hungry! Reiserute Dubrovnik Dobro Dosli! Welcome to Dubrovnik – a beautiful stone town surrounded entirely by fortifications. Although it experienced devastation in the early 1990s, the restored Old Town remains as charming as ever. With the sparkling water of the Adriatic in the background, Dubrovnik is picturesque, full of character and easily covered on foot. Your adventure begins with a welcome meeting at 6.30 pm today, but if you happen to arrive early, why not walk inside the city walls, or head further afield to one of the Elafiti Islands. There's Lopud – a quiet island with lovely hikes, clean beaches and castle ruins, sleepy Kolocep that has walks for every fitness level, and Sipan with its renowned wine and laidback vibes.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence from a Natural Disaster Elena Nikolovaa Nikolay Marinovb 68131 Mannheim A5-6, Germany October 5, 2016
    Do Public Fund Windfalls Increase Corruption? Evidence from a Natural Disaster Elena Nikolovaa Nikolay Marinovb 68131 Mannheim A5-6, Germany October 5, 2016 Abstract We show that unexpected financial windfalls increase corruption in local govern- ment. Our analysis uses a new data set on flood-related transfers, and the associated spending infringements, which the Bulgarian central government distributed to mu- nicipalities following torrential rains in 2004 and 2005. Using information from the publicly available audit reports we are able to build a unique objective index of cor- ruption. We exploit the quasi-random nature of the rainfall shock (conditional on controls for ground flood risk) to isolate exogenous variation in the amount of funds received by each municipality. Our results imply that a 10 % increase in the per capita amount of disbursed funds leads to a 9.8% increase in corruption. We also present suggestive evidence that more corrupt mayors anticipated punishment by voters and dropped out of the next election race. Our results highlight the governance pitfalls of non-tax transfers, such as disaster relief or assistance from international organizations, even in moderately strong democracies. Keywords: corruption, natural disasters, governance JEL codes: D73, H71, P26 aResearch Fellow, Central European Labour Studies Institute, Slovakia and associated researcher, IOS Regensburg, Germany. Email: [email protected]. We would like to thank Erik Bergl¨of,Rikhil Bhav- nani, Simeon Djankov, Sergei Guriev, Stephan Litschig, Ivan Penkov, Grigore Pop-Eleches, Sandra Sequeira and conference participants at the 2015 Annual Meeting of the European Public Choice Society, Groningen, the 2015 American Political Science Association, San Francisco and seminar participants at Brunel, King's College workshop on corruption, and LSE for useful comments, and Erik Bergl¨ofand Stefka Slavova for help with obtaining Bulgarian rainfall data.
    [Show full text]
  • 7563/11 HGN/Tt 1 DG H 2B COUNCIL of the EUROPEAN
    COUNCIL OF Brussels, 10 March 2011 THE EUROPEAN UNION 7563/11 COPEN 44 EJN 20 EUROJUST 29 NOTE from: Bulgarian Permanent Representation to Delegations Subject: Council Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA of 6 October 2006 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to confiscation orders – the Republic of Bulgaria Delegations will find enclosed the notification made by Bulgaria in relation to the abovementioned framework decision. _______________ 7563/11 HGN/tt 1 DG H 2B EN DECLARATIONS AND NOTIFICATIONS BY THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA IN ACCORDANCE WITH ARTICLE 3, ARTICLE 7(5) AND ARTICLE 19 OF COUNCIL FRAMEWORK DECISION 2006/783/JHA OF 6 OCTOBER 2006 ON THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION TO CONFISCATION ORDERS The Republic of Bulgaria hereby notifies the General Secretariat of the Council of the following declarations and notifications pursuant to Council Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA of 6 October 2006 on the application of the principle of mutual recognition to confiscation orders and the Law on the recognition, execution and transmission of decisions on confiscation or seizure and decisions on the enforcement of financial penalties adopted by the National Assembly of the Republic of Bulgaria on 11 February 2010 (published in the State Journal of the Republic of Bulgaria No 15 of 23 February 2010), which transposes the abovementioned Framework Decision into the law of the Republic of Bulgaria. 1) Notification pursuant to Article 3 of Framework Decision 2006/783/JHA (determination of the competent authorities): (а) When the Republic of Bulgaria is the executing State: The competent authorities with regard to the recognition of confiscation or seizure orders shall be the provincial courts and Sofia City Court.
    [Show full text]
  • Annex REPORT for 2019 UNDER the “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY of the REPUBLIC of BULGAR
    Annex REPORT FOR 2019 UNDER THE “HEALTH CARE” PRIORITY of the NATIONAL ROMA INTEGRATION STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA 2012 - 2020 Operational objective: A national monitoring progress report has been prepared for implementation of Measure 1.1.2. “Performing obstetric and gynaecological examinations with mobile offices in settlements with compact Roma population”. During the period 01.07—20.11.2019, a total of 2,261 prophylactic medical examinations were carried out with the four mobile gynaecological offices to uninsured persons of Roma origin and to persons with difficult access to medical facilities, as 951 women were diagnosed with diseases. The implementation of the activity for each Regional Health Inspectorate is in accordance with an order of the Minister of Health to carry out not less than 500 examinations with each mobile gynaecological office. Financial resources of BGN 12,500 were allocated for each mobile unit, totalling BGN 50,000 for the four units. During the reporting period, the mobile gynecological offices were divided into four areas: Varna (the city of Varna, the village of Kamenar, the town of Ignatievo, the village of Staro Oryahovo, the village of Sindel, the village of Dubravino, the town of Provadia, the town of Devnya, the town of Suvorovo, the village of Chernevo, the town of Valchi Dol); Silistra (Tutrakan Municipality– the town of Tutrakan, the village of Tsar Samuel, the village of Nova Cherna, the village of Staro Selo, the village of Belitsa, the village of Preslavtsi, the village of Tarnovtsi,
    [Show full text]