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Ancient Greek Ekphrasis: Between Description and Narration UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Ancient Greek ekphrasis: Between description and narration Koopman, N. Publication date 2014 Document Version Final published version Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Koopman, N. (2014). Ancient Greek ekphrasis: Between description and narration. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:02 Oct 2021 Ancient Greek Ekphrasis: Between Description and Narration Niels Koopman Description and Narration Between Ekphrasis: Ancient Greek Ancient Greek Ekphrasis: Between Description and Narration Niels Koopman Ancient Greek Ekphrasis: Between Description and Narration ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. D.C. van den Boom ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties ingestelde commissie, in het openbaar te verdedigen in de Aula der Universiteit op vrijdag 21 november 2014, te 11:00 uur door Niels Koopman geboren te Naarden Promotiecommissie Promotor: prof. dr. I.J.F. de Jong Copromotor: dr. mr. R.J. Allan Overige leden: prof. dr. M.A. Harder prof. dr. C.H.M. Kroon prof. dr. A.P.M.H. Lardinois prof. dr. A. Rijksbaron dr. M.A.J. Heerink dr. C.C. de Jonge Faculteit der Geesteswetenschappen iii Acknowledgements This book could not have been written without the help and support of a number of institutions and people. I thank the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), which have funded the project Ancient War Narrative. A Combined Discourse-Linguistic and Narratological Approach. This thesis has been written as part of this project. I also want to thank the Institute of Culture and History (ICG) at the University of Amsterdam for providing a hospitable working environment. I thank OIKOS, the National Research School in Classical Studies in the Netherlands, for giving me the opportunity to follow various courses and to participate in other academic activities. I thank my supervisor Irene de Jong, who hired me as her PhD student and who constantly supported me during the writing of this book. Not only her acute comments, but also her approach to scientific research has greatly improved my work. I also thank my co-supervisor Rutger Allan, whose invaluable feedback has contributed greatly to this thesis. I thank the other members of the Ancient War Narrative project, Caroline Kroon, Suzanne Adema, and David Stienaers for their comments on earlier drafts of chapters of this thesis. I thank Susanne Borowski, Jacqueline Klooster, Frank Müller, Laura Roling, David Rijser, Saskia Willigers, and the members of the ‘Amsterdamse Hellenistenclub’ for their comments on various chapters of this thesis. I thank my roommates Baukje van den Berg, Mònica Colominas Aparicio, Ron Gruijters, Jo Heirman, David Kromhout, Paul van Uum, and Rogier Visser, who made working on this thesis in PCH337 good fun. Baukje, Jo, and Paul also helpfully commented on various chapters of this thesis. I thank the members of our ‘Privatissimum Homericum’, Jori Castricum, Raphaël Hunsucker, Charles Hupperts, and Elsa Lucassen for the many pleasant hours we spent together reading ancient Greek. Charles not only taught me how to read and enjoy ancient Greek, but also supported me consistently during the writing of this thesis. I thank my parents and family for their support and confidence. Lastly, I am deeply grateful to Maarten for always being there. You are a thing of beauty – a joy for ever. Cover image: The Theocritus Cup (1812/13). Royal Collection Trust/© Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II 2014 iv Contents 1. Introduction: Ekphrasis, Narration, and Description 1 1.1 The ‘Problem’ of Ekphrasis: To Narrate or to Describe? 1 1.2 A Definition of Ekphrasis 2 1.3 Ekphrasis: Description and/or Narration? 6 1.3.1 Preliminaries 6 1.3.2 State of the Art 10 1.3.3 Concluding Remarks 16 1.4 Narration 17 1.4.1 Introduction 17 1.4.2 Narration, Narrative and Narrativity 18 1.4.3 Verbal and Visual Narrative 29 1.4.4 Concluding Remarks 40 1.5 Description 40 1.5.1 Introduction 40 1.5.2 Description and Descriptivity 41 1.5.3 Concluding Remarks 50 1.5.4 Verbal and Visual Description 50 1.6 Ekphrasis, Narration, and Description: Conclusion 52 2. Methodology, Test Cases, and Corpus 55 2.1 Introduction 55 2.2 A Model for Analysis 55 2.2.1 Introduction 55 2.2.2 The Discourse Modes 57 2.3 The Harbour of Phorcys and the Cave of the Nymphs (Od. 13.96-112) 60 2.3.1 Introduction 60 2.3.2 Analysis 62 2.4 Agamemnon arms for Battle (Il. 11.15-46) 69 2.4.1 Introduction 69 2.4.2 Analysis 72 2.4.3 Patroclus arms for Battle (Il. 16.131-44) 81 2.5 Conclusion 83 2.6 Corpus 84 v 3. The Shield of Achilles (Il. 18.478-608) 87 3.1 Introduction 87 3.2 Description, Narration, or Both? A Brief State of the Art 88 3.3 Shield of Achilles: Its Descriptivity and Narrativity 94 3.3.1 Overview of Tenses 94 3.3.2 Hephaestus’ Actions (468-613) 96 3.3.3 The Images (483-608) 102 3.3.3.1 Preliminaries 102 3.3.3.2 Overview of Images 106 3.3.3.3 Analysis of Images 106 3.4 Conclusion 157 3.5 Coda: Visualizing the Shield of Achilles 160 4. The Shield of Heracles (Hes. Sc. 139-320) 167 4.1 Introduction 167 4.2 Description, Narration, or Both? A Brief State of the Art 170 4.3 The Shield of Heracles: Its Descriptivity and Narrativity 172 4.3.1 Overview of Tenses 172 4.3.2 The Images (144-317) & the Lines surrounding the Images (139-43; 318-21) 174 4.4 Conclusion 221 4.5 Coda: Visualizing the Shield of Heracles 223 5. The Goatherd’s Cup (Theoc. Id. 1.27-60) 227 5.1 Introduction 227 5.2 Description, Narration, or Both? A Brief State of the Art 228 5.3 The Goatherd’s Cup: Its Descriptivity and Narrativity 230 5.3.1 Text and Translation 230 5.3.2 Overview of Tenses 232 5.3.3 Preliminaries 234 5.3.4 The Lines surrounding the Images (25-31 and 55-60) 237 5.3.5 The Images (32-54) 243 5.4 Conclusion 262 5.5 Coda: Visualizing the Goatherd’s Cup 263 vi 6. Jason’s Cloak (A.R. 1.721-68) 267 6.1 Introduction 267 6.2 Jason’s Cloak: Its Descriptivity and Narrativity 269 6.2.1 Text and Translation 269 6.2.2 Overview of Tenses 271 6.2.3 Preliminaries 273 6.2.4 The Lines surrounding the Images (721-9; 768-73) 274 6.2.5 The Images (730-67) 278 6.3 Conclusion 299 6.4 Coda: Visualizing Jason’s Cloak 301 7. Europa’s Basket (Mosch. Eur. 37-62) 305 7.1 Introduction 305 7.2 Europa’s Basket: Its Descriptivity and Narrativity 306 7.2.1 Text and Translation 306 7.2.2 Overview of Tenses 308 7.2.3 Preliminaries 308 7.2.4 The Lines surrounding the Images (37-42 and 62) 310 7.2.5 The Images (43-61) 314 7.3 Conclusion 330 7.4 Coda: Visualizing Europa’s Basket 331 8. Summary and Conclusion: Ekphrasis between Description and Narration 333 8.1 Research Question and Methodology 333 8.2 Ekphrasis between Description and Narration 335 8.2.1 The Text 335 8.2.2 The Images 338 8.2.3 Conclusion 341 8.3 Ekphrasis and Visualization 342 8.4 The Findings of this Study and the Notion of Ekphrasis 343 Bibliography 347 Samenvatting 379 1 1. Introduction: Ekphrasis, Narration, and Description 1.1 The ‘Problem’ of Ekphrasis: To Narrate or to Describe? In book 18 of the Iliad, Hephaestus forges a new shield for Achilles, which is elaborately decorated. One of the decorations concerns a herd of oxen (18.573-83): Ἐν δ’ ἀγέλην ποίησε βοῶν ὀρθοκραιράων· αἳ δὲ βόες χρυσοῖο τετεύχατο κασσιτέρου τε, 575 μυκηθμῷ δ’ ἀπὸ κόπρου ἐπεσσεύοντο νομόνδε πὰρ ποταμὸν κελάδοντα, παρὰ ῥοδανὸν δονακῆα. χρύσειοι δὲ νομῆες ἅμ’ ἐστιχόωντο βόεσσι τέσσαρες, ἐννέα δέ σφι κύνες πόδας ἀργοὶ ἕποντο. σμερδαλέω δὲ λέοντε δύ’ ἐν πρώτῃσι βόεσσι 580 ταῦρον ἐρύγμηλον ἐχέτην· ὃ δὲ μακρὰ μεμυκὼς ἕλκετο· τὸν δὲ κύνες μετεκίαθον ἠδ’ αἰζηοί. τὼ μὲν ἀναρρήξαντε βοὸς μεγάλοιο βοείην ἔγκατα καὶ μέλαν αἷμα λαφύσσετον (…). On it he made a herd of straight-horned cattle. And they, the cattle, had been made of gold and tin, (575) and with lowing they were hurrying from the farmyard to the pasture beside the sounding river, beside the waving reed. Golden herdsmen were marching with the cattle, four in number, and nine swift-footed dogs were following them. Two fearsome lions among the foremost cattle (580) were grasping a loud- lowing bull: and he [the bull], bellowing mightily, was being dragged away; and the dogs and young men followed after him.
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