DOCSLIB.ORG

Settlement of Greek Refugees

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Settlement of Greek Refugees [Distributed to the Council and the Members of the League] C. 524. M. 187. 1924. II. Geneva, October 30th, 1924. LEAGUE OF NATIONS THE SETTLEMENT OF GREEK REFUGEES SCHEME FOR AN INTERNATIONAL LOAN PROTOCOL Arranged by the League of Nations and signed at Geneva on September 29th, 1923. Amended by the Additional Act signed at Geneva on September 19th, 1924 WITH THE RELEVANT DOCUMENTS AND PUBLIC STATEMENTS, INCLUDING THE STATUTES OF THE REFUGEE SETTLEMENT COMMISSION LEAGUE OF NATIONS RRATUM AND ADDENDUM TO DOCUMENT C. 524. M. 187.1924. II The Settlement of Greek Refugees. Page 6. Heading III. — The beginning of the second paragraph should read as follows: "As will be seen from Document XII, the property so transferred, and to be trans­ ferred to, (2) and held with a clean title by, the Refugee Settlement Commission", etc. A note should be added at the bottom of page 6 as follows : (2). “The position as to the delivery of land is as follows: In accordance with the terms if the Protocol of Geneva, the Hellenic Government has already transferred to the Refugee iettlement Commission all the cultivable lands left in Greece by Musulmans who have dépar­ ti from Greece under the Lausanne Convention for the Exchange of Populations between :eece and Turkey. After deducting from this area such portions as are not available for irious reasons for the settlement of refugees, it is estimated that at least 220,000 hectares of iltivable land will remain on which refugees can be established. In addition, the area of the nds already requisitioned with a view to expropriation, and the physical possession of which is already been given to the Commission with an undertaking on the part of the Hellenic ovemment that the lands will be formally transferred later to the Commission, amounts to jproximately 40,000 hectares. In addition to these areas 25,000 hectares of lands belonging > the Greek State have been formally transferred to the Commission. The total of these areas 285,000 hectares. Refugees are, in fact, occupying this area of land. The application of the Agrarian Law throughout Greece places the Hellenic Government in a position to obtain nd transfer to the Commission the 215,000 hectares necessary to make up the half-million hec- ires which, under the Protocol of Geneva, they have undertaken to provide for the purposes 1 the Commission. Arrangements to secure and transfer to the Commission this balance of ^.ooo hectares are actively in progress. ‘The statements and amounts mentioned under heading III above and in Document XII lould by read subject to the fuller statement contained in this note.” CONTENTS Preface by Sir A rthur Salter........................................................................................................................... ^ I. Extracts from the Report by Dr. Nansen, November 18th, 1922.........................j II. Resolution adopted by the Council of the League of Nations, April 23rd, 1923. .. 5 III. Extracts from the Report of the Financial Committee, June 25th, 1923................10 IV. Letter from the Greek Minister in London to the Secretary-General, August 16th, 1923 13 V. Extract from the Minutes of the Twenty-sixth Session of the Council of the League of Nations, September 29th, 1923............................................................................................ 14 VI. Report of the Refugee Settlement Commission (August 25th, 1924).........................16 VII. Report of the Financial Committee on the proposed amendments to the Protocol and the Statute (September 12th, 1924)..........................................................................22 VIII. Resolutions adopted by the Council and the Fifth Assembly of the League of Nations (September 1924).............................................................................................................................28 IX. Protocol and Statutes relating to the settlement of refugees in Greece, signed at Geneva on September 29th, 1923, and amended by additional act on Septem­ ber 19th, 1924.............................................. y X. Declarations signed by three Governments concerning the International Financial Commission at Athens (1923 and 1 9 2 4 )..............................................................................33 XI. Memorandum addressed by M. Tsouderos, Greek Minister for Finance, to the Financial Committee relating to revenues assigned to the refugees loan (Sep­ tember 18 th, 1924).........................................................................................................................34 XII. Declaration by Mr. Morgenthau and Mr. Campbell, September nth. 1924 . • • 35 PREFACE L EVENTS FROM 1922 TO JULY 1923. The late Greco-Turkish War involved a very considerable displacement of population. The Treaty of Lausanne requires members of the Greek Orthodox Church established in Turkey to emigrate to Greece, and Moslems established in Greece to emigrate to Turkey. This pro­ vision of the Treaty had already, however, been anticipated by the flight of a large proportion of the persons concerned. During the retreat of the Greek Army and the capture of Smyrna and the rest of Asia Minor by the Turkish troops in the latter part of 1922, hundreds of thou­ s a n d s — and ultimately more than a million—of inhabitants of these regions left their homes and fled to the coast. Some of them reached Greece by their own efforts; others were collected in concentration camps and transported later to Greece with the assistance of Dr. N a n s e n , acting on behalf of the League. Those who remained have since been, or are now in the course of being, transported under the arrangements made by the Mixed Exchange Commission set up by t h e Treaty of Lausanne. The total number of refugees so added to the population of Greece amounts to some mil­ lion and a-half. About 200,000 or 300,000 of this number were possessed of some means, and a considerable proportion of the others have claims in respect of the property left behind in Asia Minor. The great bulk, however, amounting certainly to over a million, came practically estitute and in urgent need of assistance; and most of these found their way into Greece in 1922 or early in 1923, before the regular machinery of the Mixed Commission was in operation. In the first months the situation of the refugees was appalling (see Document I); emer­ gency assistance had to be improvised as best it could by the Greek Government, assisted by the invaluable work of American and British charitable societies, particularly the American Red Cross, the Near East Relief and the All-British Appeal. The refugees on the islands were jchiefly fed through the agency of Dr Nansen. In this way the immediate distress was relieved, and many hundreds of thousands of lives [saved; but relief of this kind was obviously only a temporary measure and could give no per­ manent solution. As early as the autum n of 1922, representatives of the League, Colonel P r o c t e r and Colonel T r e l o a r , made attempts to establish some of the refugees on a self-supporting |basis. By the middle of 1923, some 15,000 had been established in a colony of fifteen villages. This experiment demonstrated the practicability of settlement, and showed that the refugees Iwere good material and capable of supporting themselves if once given a reasonable start ('). j It was, however, evident that private relief organisations could not be expected to provide the sums necessary for the definite settlement of all suitable refugees in productive work. Nor could the Greek Government hope to accomplish such an immense task without the assistance of a n external loan. The refugees numbered more than 2 0 per cent of the total population; and the resources of the country had been strained by a period of more than twelve years of (intermittent war and continuous mobilisation. A loan of the dimension required, however, presented great difficulties, for the financial ■credit of the Government in the money markets of the world had been necessarily weakened |b y the recent war. In February 1923, therefore, the Government asked the Council (2) for the moral support land technical help of the League of Nations; and the Council transmitted the request to the Financial Committee for examination and report. On behalf of the Committee, M. Parm entier, Imember of the Committee, and M. S t o p p a n i , of the Secretariat, visited Athens to enquire into |me situation, particularly as to the securities which the Greek Government could offer and to the most suitable organisations for the control of the securities and the expenditure of |r|!f *0an" Simultaneously, Colonel Procter made a full investigation as to the needs of the Meanwhile, the situation became more acute on receipt of a note dated March 31st from the I cretary of State of the United States to the British, French and Italian Governments to the I .ec,.°at the American Red Cross had decided to terminate on June 30th, 1923, its emergency °n w^*ch more than 500,000 refugees were entirely dependent, and that the Near L. also desired to discontinue its emergency relief as soon as possible. The note added, |fo r th ^ ^ a constructive plan could be worked out for an apportionment of the task and Ico. 8radual solution of the refugee problem, American relief agencies would be ready to lon°T>erate’ even a^ter the termination of the emergency relief work of the American Red Cross IN’ea ^actj charitable assistance has been continued, particularly through the I r,p^aSt though on a reduced scale. ■Greek's gestion was discussed by the Council (*), which constituted for the purpose a special ■to wh ommittee, composed of the British, French and Italian Members of the Council, a,™ a representative of the Greek Government was added (Document II). |Comm- " the *nvestigations of M. Parmentier, M. Stoppani and Colonel Procter, the Financial ItheSuh r reP.orted on the whole problem (Document III) and, after considering their report, l°f a sch t *ttee t *le Council, at its meeting of July 9th, 1923, approved the main lines lindfn«„jme ior ^ e settlement of refugees to be financed by a loan and administered by an I «pendent Settlement Commission.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945
    Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, 1891-1957, Record Group 85 New Orleans, Louisiana Crew Lists of Vessels Arriving at New Orleans, LA, 1910-1945. T939. 311 rolls. (~A complete list of rolls has been added.) Roll Volumes Dates 1 1-3 January-June, 1910 2 4-5 July-October, 1910 3 6-7 November, 1910-February, 1911 4 8-9 March-June, 1911 5 10-11 July-October, 1911 6 12-13 November, 1911-February, 1912 7 14-15 March-June, 1912 8 16-17 July-October, 1912 9 18-19 November, 1912-February, 1913 10 20-21 March-June, 1913 11 22-23 July-October, 1913 12 24-25 November, 1913-February, 1914 13 26 March-April, 1914 14 27 May-June, 1914 15 28-29 July-October, 1914 16 30-31 November, 1914-February, 1915 17 32 March-April, 1915 18 33 May-June, 1915 19 34-35 July-October, 1915 20 36-37 November, 1915-February, 1916 21 38-39 March-June, 1916 22 40-41 July-October, 1916 23 42-43 November, 1916-February, 1917 24 44 March-April, 1917 25 45 May-June, 1917 26 46 July-August, 1917 27 47 September-October, 1917 28 48 November-December, 1917 29 49-50 Jan. 1-Mar. 15, 1918 30 51-53 Mar. 16-Apr. 30, 1918 31 56-59 June 1-Aug. 15, 1918 32 60-64 Aug. 16-0ct. 31, 1918 33 65-69 Nov. 1', 1918-Jan. 15, 1919 34 70-73 Jan. 16-Mar. 31, 1919 35 74-77 April-May, 1919 36 78-79 June-July, 1919 37 80-81 August-September, 1919 38 82-83 October-November, 1919 39 84-85 December, 1919-January, 1920 40 86-87 February-March, 1920 41 88-89 April-May, 1920 42 90 June, 1920 43 91 July, 1920 44 92 August, 1920 45 93 September, 1920 46 94 October, 1920 47 95-96 November, 1920 48 97-98 December, 1920 49 99-100 Jan.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, September 1924
    AMERICAN Photo submitted by W. W. Schott THE TWELFTH CENTURY CATHEDRAL AT PALERMO Vol. VI SEPTEMBER. 1924 No. 9 FEDERAL-AMERICAN NATIONAL BANK NOW IN COURSE OF CONSTRUCTION IN WASHINGTON, D. C. W. T. GALLIHER, Chairman of the Board JOHN POOLE, President RESOURCES OVER $13,000,000.00 LLETIN JSlUn.; PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN CONSULAR ASSOCIATION VOL. VI. No. 9 WASHINGTON, D. C. SEPTEMBER, 1924 Speech By Mr. Grew THE day on which I took my first bath before I can assure you that the new Association will a Diplomatic or Consular officer and pro¬ receive the very warm and hearty support of the ceeded to my post (with apologies to the members of the diplomatic branch of the Service. last number of the BULLETIN) I experienced two I have always taken particular satisfaction in distinct feelings; one of pleasure and satisfaction the fact that my first post was a consular one and at entering this great service of ours and the other that I spent two years gaining familiarity with the of something bordering on consternation at the work of that branch of the Service. I shall never prospect of the ordeal of the bath. I find my¬ forget the youthful pride with which I first saw self today experiencing much the same feelings—- a report of mine on Egyptian cotton published in great pleasure and satisfaction in the enjoyment the Trade Bulletins: true, several nights of work of your very kind and courteous hospitality, which and many pages were boiled down to five or six I highly appreciate and for which I warmly thank lines of print, but I felt then that I had become you, and the other feeling of trepidation at the at least a modest member of the great army of prospect of trying to justify my presence here by experts who keep our country informed of com¬ telling you something of interest.
    [Show full text]
  • AHEPA's James Plevritis Evzone Chapter #405
    AHEPA’s James Plevritis Evzone Chapter #405 Invites you to a Unique Cultural "Greek Movie Night" Presenting the Award Winner Movie "REBETIKO" Produced: 1983 Drama and Historic Fiction 2.5 hours The story is based on the life of the Rebetiko singer Marika Ninou and her relation with the famous composer Vassilis Tsitsanis. It presents the Rebetiko song as it entangles with the political instability of the entire Greek nation starting from the Asia Minor Disaster in 1922, the World War II and Nazi occupation in 1940, the tragic Civil War in 1948, to the even more economic instability of the 1950's. Mucic by the famous composer Stavros Xarhakos Saturday, March 21st, 2015 7:00 PM Holy Trinity Church – 10 Mill Road, New Rochelle, NY 10804 Reception with Hors d’oeuvres and wine will follow the movie Donation $15 Payable to: AHEPA Evzone Chapter #405 (501c10) Donations deductible to the extent permitted by law Portion of profits support the AHEPA Scholarship Fund Information: Peter Constantinides 718 543-8136, Joe Keane 914 738-4854 Elias Pantelaros 914 633-0678 "Rebetiko" Synopsis The time depicted in this film, covers a period in Athens from about 1922 -1958. This was a time of tremendous transition and instability for the entire Greek nation. The film begins with a montage of the Asia Minor Disaster which resulted in a population exchange, that increased the population in Greece by approximately 25%, almost overnight, in 1923 with most of them ending up in Athens. It was in these overcrowded and economically and spiritually destitute conditions during the 1930's, that the Rembetiko genre of music reached its height in popularity.
    [Show full text]
  • Germany, Reparation Commission)
    REPORTS OF INTERNATIONAL ARBITRAL AWARDS RECUEIL DES SENTENCES ARBITRALES Interpretation of London Agreement of August 9, 1924 (Germany, Reparation Commission) 24 March 1926, 29 January 1927, 29 May 1928 VOLUME II pp. 873-899 NATIONS UNIES - UNITED NATIONS Copyright (c) 2006 XXI a. INTERPRETATION OF LONDON "AGREEMENT OF AUGUST 9, 1924 *. PARTIES: Germany and Reparation Commission. SPECIAL AGREEMENT: Terms of submission contained in letter signed by Parties in Paris on August 28, 1925, in conformity with London Agree- ment of August 9, 1924. ARBITRATORS: Walter P. Cook (U.S.A.), President, Marc. Wallen- berg (Sweden), A. G. Kroller (Netherlands), Charles Rist (France), A. Mendelssohn Bartholdy (Germany). AWARD: The Hague, March 24, 1926. Social insurance funds in Alsace-Lorraine.—Social insurance funds in Upper Silesia.—Intention of a provision as a principle of interpretation.— Experts' report and countries not having accepted the report.—Baden Agreement of March 3, 1920.—Restitution in specie.—Spirit of a treaty.— Supply of coal to the S.S. Jupiter.—Transaction of private character. For bibliography, index and tables, see Volume III. 875 Special Agreement. AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE REPARATION COMMISSION AND THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT. Signed at London. August 9th, 1924. Ill (b) Any dispute which may arise between the Reparation Commission and the German Government with regard to the interpretation either of the present agreement and its schedules or of the experts' plan or of the •German legislation enacted in execution of that plan, shall be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the methods to be fixed and subject to the conditions to be determined by the London conference for questions of the interpretation of the experts' Dlan.
    [Show full text]
  • By Konstantinou, Evangelos Precipitated Primarily by the Study
    by Konstantinou, Evangelos Precipitated primarily by the study of ancient Greece, a growing enthusiasm for Greece emerged in Europe from the 18th century. This enthusiasm manifested itself in literature and art in the movements referred to as classicism and neoclassicism. The founda- tions of contemporary culture were identified in the culture of Greek antiquity and there was an attempt to learn more about and even revive the latter. These efforts manifested themselves in the themes, motifs and forms employed in literature and art. How- ever, European philhellenism also had an effect in the political sphere. Numerous societies were founded to support the cause of Greek independence during the Greek War of Independence, and volunteers went to Greece to join the fight against the Ottoman Empire. Conversely, the emergence of the Enlightenment in Greece was due at least in part to the Greek students who studied at European universities and brought Enlightenment ideas with them back to Greece. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Literary and Popular Philhellenism in Europe 2. European Travellers to Greece and Their Travel Accounts 3. The Greek Enlightenment 4. Reasons for Supporting Greece 5. Philhellenic Germany 6. Lord Byron 7. European Philhellenism 8. Societies for the Support of the Greeks 9. Bavarian "State Philhellenism" 10. Jakob Philip Fallmerayer and Anti-Philhellenism 11. Appendix 1. Sources 2. Bibliography 3. Notes Indices Citation The neo-humanism of the 18th and 19th centuries contributed considerably to the emergence of a philhellenic1 climate in Europe. This new movement was founded by Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717–1768) (ᇄ Media Link #ab), who identified aesthetic ideals and ethical norms in Greek art, and whose work Geschichte der Kunst des Altertums (1764) (ᇄ Media Link #ac) (History of the Art of Antiquity) made ancient Greece the point of departure for an aestheticizing art history and cultural history.
    [Show full text]
  • S Ubject L Ist N O. 44 of DOCUMENTS DISTRIBUTED to the MEMBERS of the COUNCIL DURING DECEMBER 1924
    [DISTRIBUTED ,, e a g u e o f a t i o n s C. 5. MEMBERS OFT0TllE THE COUNCIL ] L N 1925- G en ev a , January 4 t h , 1925. S ubject L ist N o. 44 OF DOCUMENTS DISTRIBUTED TO THE MEMBERS OF THE COUNCIL DURING DECEMBER 1924. (Prepared by the Distribution Branch.) Armaments, Reduction 0! Arms, Private manufacture of and traffic in Convention concluded September 10, 1919 at St. Germain-en-Laye for the control of traffic in arms Convention to supersede Conference, May 1925, Geneva, to prepare A Report dated December 1924 by Czechoslovak Representative (M. Benes) and resolution adopted December 8, 1924 by 32nd Council Session, fixing May 4, 1925 as date for Admissions to League C. 801. 1924. IX Germany Letter dated December r 2, 1924 from German Government (M. Stresemann) forwarding copy Text (draft) subm itted July 1924 by Temporary of its memorandum to the Governments repre­ Mixed Commission, of sented on the Council with a view to the elucida­ Letter dated October 9, 1924 from Secretary- tion of certain problems connected with Germany's General to States Members and Non- co-operation with League, announcing its satis­ Members of the League quoting relative faction with the replies received, except with Assembly resolution, forwarding Tempo­ regard to Article 16 of Covenant, and submitting rary Mixed Commission's report (A. 16. detailed statement of its apprehensions with 1924) containing above-mentioned draft and regard to this article minutes of discussion of its Article 9, and the report of 3rd Commission to Assembly C.
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX NUMBERS of the COST of LIVING 725 33.—Index Numbers of the Cost of Living in Canada, Based Upon Weighted Retail Prices
    INDEX NUMBERS OF THE COST OF LIVING 725 33.—Index Numbers of the Cost of Living in Canada, based upon weighted Retail Prices, 1910-1934—concluded. (Average Prices, 1913=100.) Dates. Food. Fuel. Rent. Clothing. Sundries. Total. March, 1920 218 173 120 260 185 191 June,1920 231 186 133 260 190 201 September, 1920 217 285 136 260 190 199 December, 1920. 202 218 139 235 190 192 March, 1921 180 208 139 195 188 177 June,1921 152 197 143 173 181 163 September, 1921 161 189 145 167 170 162 December, 1921. 150 186 145 158 166 156 March, 1922 144 181 145 155 164 153 June, 1922 139 179 146 155 . 164 151 September, 1922. 140 190 147 155 164 153 December, 1922. 142 187 146 155 164 153 March, 1923 147 190 147 155 164 155 June,1923 139 182 147 155 164 152 September, 1923. 142 183 147 155 164 153 December, 1923. 146 185 146 155 164 154 March, 1924 144 181 146 155 164 153 June,1924 133 176 146 155 164 149 September, 1924. 140 176 147 155 164 151 December, 1924. 144 175 146 155 164 152 The Dominion Bureau of Statistics, in addition to collecting and compiling wholesale prices, also collects the retail prices of over 80 commodities in some sixty cities in Canada. These are averaged by the Bureau with certain prices received through correspondents of the Labour Department, and are then handed over to the latter for insertion in the "Labour Gazette." The Labour Department also compiles a family budget from this material, together with data on fuel, lighting and rents collected by its own correspondents.
    [Show full text]
  • Record Unit 208 the Vineyard Magazine, 1924-1925 by Barbara Murphy
    Finding Aid to the Martha’s Vineyard Museum Record Unit 208 The Vineyard Magazine, 1924-1925 By Barbara Murphy Descriptive Summary Repository: Martha’s Vineyard Museum Call No. Title: The Vineyard Magazine, 1924-1925 Creator: Quantity: 0.5 cubic feet Abstract: The Vineyard Magazine, 1924-1925 collection contains the entire run of this short-lived magazine Administrative Information Acquisition Information: Processing Information: Barbara Murphy Access Restrictions: none Use Restrictions: none Preferred citation for publication: Martha’s Vineyard Museum, The Vineyard Magazine, 1924-1925, Record Unit 208 Index Terms - Harleigh Bridges Schultz - Natalie Salandri Schultz Series Arrangement Series I: Magazines Series II: Reference Historical Note: The Vineyard Magazine was a monthly magazine devoted to the interests of Martha’s Vineyard, published by Harleigh Bridges Schultz and his wife Natalie Salandri Schultz. The first issue was published in August 1924. The 1 magazine lasted only a year and its last issue was published in August 1925. Harleigh Schultz was born in 1882 and died in 1958. Born in Richmond, VA, he worked for the Hearst publications and also at the Boston American. He moved to Vineyard Haven, MA, soon after the conclusion of World War I. He is known to have been employed in both insurance and real estate. Mr. Schultz was also an employee of the NE Steamship Company in Oak Bluffs following the 1918 armistice. Shortly after his arrival, he began to publish a weekly newspaper that was eventually consolidated with the Vineyard Gazette in 1921. Mr. Schultz became the principal-teacher at the West Tisbury Academy and worked there until he left the Island in 1925.
    [Show full text]
  • UCCSN Board of Regents' Meeting Minutes April 30, 1924
    UCCSN Board of Regents' Meeting Minutes April 30, 1924 04-30-1924 Volume OE - Pages 377-385 Reno, Nevada April 30, 1924 The Regents met in the Office of the President at 9:30 o'clock Wednesday, April 30, 1924. Present: Regents Pratt, Mrs. Hood, Judge Talbot and Mrs. Williams of the Regents, President Clark and Comptroller Gorman. Absent: Regent Williams. On motion of Mr. Pratt, the minutes of the meeting of March 31st were approved by the following vote: Mrs. Hood Aye Judge Talbot Aye Mrs. Williams Aye Mr. Pratt Aye List No. 17, Regents' Checks Nos. 4030 to 4039 for the net sum of $36,234.38, and List No. 17, State Claims Nos. 178 to 188 inclusive for the net sum of $21,723.78, were approved. Mrs. Hood made the motion. Vote: Mrs. Hood Aye Judge Talbot Aye Mrs. Williams Aye Mr. Pratt Aye President Clark read for the information of the Board recent letters and telegrams to and from Mr. Mackay. President Clark recommended the election of John Allen Fulton to be Director of the Mackay School of Mines and submitted a list of Mr. Fulton's mining connections during the past 24 years. Mr. Fulton was graduated from the Mining Department of this Uni- versity of Nevada in 1898, and spent the next two years at Colum- bia University, where he was graduated with the E. M. degree in 1900. His varied experiences in the mining world and his execu- tive ability commend him as Director of the Mackay School of Mines and Professor of Mining.
    [Show full text]
  • The Growth of Greek Cities in the First Millennium BC
    Princeton/Stanford Working Papers in Classics The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC Version 1.0 December 2005 Ian Morris Stanford University Abstract: In this paper I trace the growth of the largest Greek cities from perhaps 1,000- 2,000 people at the beginning of the first millennium BC to 400,000-500,000 at the millennium’s end. I examine two frameworks for understanding this growth: Roland Fletcher’s discussion of the interaction and communication limits to growth and Max Weber’s ideal types of cities’ economic functions. I argue that while political power was never the only engine of urban growth in classical antiquity, it was always the most important motor. The size of the largest Greek cities was a function of the population they controlled, mechanisms of tax and rent, and transportation technology. © Ian Morris. [email protected] 1 The growth of Greek cities in the first millennium BC Ian Morris (Stanford) 1. Introduction Greece in 1000 BC was a world of villages. Most people lived in communities of just a few dozen souls; even the largest settlement, Athens (Figure 1), was probably just 3,000 to 4,000 strong. But at the millennium’s end, the Greek east Mediterranean boasted some of the largest cities in pre-industrial history. Alexandria, Antioch, and Seleucia-on-the- Tigris probably each had 250,000-500,000 inhabitants. Figure 1. Sites in the Aegean mentioned in this chapter In this chapter I discuss the size of Greek cities and the implications of their growth. I identify three major transitions: 2 Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Mikhail Nikolaevich Girs Papers
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf8t1nb320 No online items Register of the Mikhail Nikolaevich Girs papers Finding aid prepared by Ronald Bulatoff Hoover Institution Library and Archives © 1998 434 Galvez Mall Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-6003 [email protected] URL: http://www.hoover.org/library-and-archives Register of the Mikhail 28015 1 Nikolaevich Girs papers Title: Mikhail Nikolaevich Girs papers Date (inclusive): 1917-1926 Collection Number: 28015 Contributing Institution: Hoover Institution Library and Archives Language of Material: Russian Physical Description: 53 manuscript boxes(22.1 Linear Feet) Abstract: Correspondence, studies, reports, telegrams, memoranda, statistics, charts, clippings, and other printed matter, relating to White Russian diplomatic, political, and military activities during the Russian Revolution, Russian émigré activities, and conditions in Russia during and after the Revolution. Access The collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least two business days in advance of intended use. Publication Rights For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Library & Archives Acquisition Information Acquired by the Hoover Institution Library & Archives in 1928. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Mikhail Nikolaevich Girs papers, [Box no., Folder no. or title], Hoover Institution Library & Archives. Alternative Form Available Also available on microfilm (75 reels). 1856 Born, Russia 1894 Russian Minister to Brazil 1898 Russian Minister
    [Show full text]
  • Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement
    DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11613 Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement Elie Murard Seyhun Orcan Sakalli JUNE 2018 DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES IZA DP No. 11613 Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement Elie Murard IZA Seyhun Orcan Sakalli University of Lausanne JUNE 2018 Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and not those of IZA. Research published in this series may include views on policy, but IZA takes no institutional policy positions. The IZA research network is committed to the IZA Guiding Principles of Research Integrity. The IZA Institute of Labor Economics is an independent economic research institute that conducts research in labor economics and offers evidence-based policy advice on labor market issues. Supported by the Deutsche Post Foundation, IZA runs the world’s largest network of economists, whose research aims to provide answers to the global labor market challenges of our time. Our key objective is to build bridges between academic research, policymakers and society. IZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. IZA – Institute of Labor Economics Schaumburg-Lippe-Straße 5–9 Phone: +49-228-3894-0 53113 Bonn, Germany Email: [email protected] www.iza.org IZA DP No. 11613 JUNE 2018 ABSTRACT Mass Refugee Inflow and Long-Run Prosperity: Lessons from the Greek Population Resettlement* This paper investigates the long-term consequences of mass refugee inflow on economic development by examining the effect of the first large-scale population resettlement in modern history.
    [Show full text]