Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu CCCLXXXVIII
Botanika – Steciana , , - www.up.poznan.pl/steciana ISSN -
PROTECTED, RARE AND ENDANGERED PLANTS IN THE SŁUPIA AND WIEPRZA INTERFLUVE
ZBIGNIEW SOBISZ, MARIOLA TRUCHAN
Z. Sobisz, M. Truchan, Department of Botany and Genetics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, ul. Arciszewskiego B, - Słupsk, Poland, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
(Received: February , . Accepted: May , )
ABSTRACT. The study presents results of investigations conducted in the years - on protected, rare and endangered plants in the interfl uve of the Słupia and Wieprza rivers. A total of species of vascular plants, belonging to families, were recorded in the investigated area. These included apo- phytes, archeophytes, eight kenophytes and ergasiophytes. A total of species covered by legal protection were reported, e.g.: Baeothryon cespitosum, Chimaphila umbellata, Drosera anglica, D. inter- media, D. rotundifolia, Epipactis atrorubens, E. palustris, Erica tetralix, Goodyera repens, Linnaea borealis, Myrica gale, Neottia nidus-avis, Nymphaea candida, Pedicularis palustris, Platanthera bifolia. The presence of Dianthus superbus, Lunaria rediviva, Platanthera chlorantha and Rubus chamaemorus was recorded, i.e. species considered critically endangered in the Pomorze Gdańskie and Pomorze Zachodnie regions.
KEY WORDS: vascular fl ora, Sławno Upland, Słupia river, Wieprza river, ATPOL
INTRODUCTION BANNIER ( ), OTTE ( ). For the area of the former Słupsk county (Kreis Stolp) localities of rare plants were Flora of vascular plants in the interfl uve of the Słupia reported e.g. by BANNIER ( ), KRAUSE ( ). In the and Wieprza rivers (the eastern part of the Sławno Up- period following World War II publications were printed land province) has not been the object of comprehensive concerning the chorology of vascular plants in the area studies yet. The oldest reports were published by Rev- of Słupsk and its environs, e.g. MODRZEJEWSKI ( ), erend Homann ( - ), who in a -volume mon- MISIEWICZ ( ), MISIEWICZ et AL. ( ), SOBISZ ograph wrote on certain species found in that region ( ). Kobylnica (Kublitz), Nosalin (Nitzlin), Słupsk (Stolp), In the area of the study in the ’s a botanical Sycewice (Zitzewitz) and river valleys Moszczeniczka garden was established in Sławno at the former Progim- (Motz Bach) and Zielona Struga (Feuer Bach). Several nasium school, in the creation of which adjacent mead- years later SCHMIDT ( ) published a list of species ows (Kuhbruch), the Municipal Canal (Młynówka) (Holz for the Pomerania region, among which he mentioned Graben) and three ponds neighbouring the railway several taxa from the Starokrakowskie Forests (Forst Alt tracks of the Gdańsk (Danzig) – Szczecin (Stettin) line Krakow). Information on rare plants from the area Przys- were used. The garden was created by Karl Friedrich tawy (Pirbstow), Sławno (Schlawe), Słowino (Schlawin) Marquardt, the head of the department of botany and and Zębowo (Symbow) was given by MÜLLER ( ). zoology of the Regional Museum at Darłowo (ROSENOW Floristic data from e.g. the Sławno and Słupsk coun- ). This garden was described by e.g. HOFFMAN ties were published in a study by LEICK ( ) and con- ( ), FIGLAROWICZ ( ), STECKI and BIERNACKI cerned peatbogs, forest and ruderal communities. In the ( ), SOBISZ et AL. ( ). At present in the former ’s and ’s materials collected during botanical garden the remaining elements include fragments of the fi eld trips in the area Sławno (HASSE , HOLZFUβ rock garden, a destroyed section of geophytes and plots , MARQUARDT , , ROSENOW ) were of ornamental plants. In the School Nature Refuge published. A summary of fi ndings by naturalists from was established on the site. Sławno was given in a publication by MARQUARDT Valuable fl oristic data (based mainly on data report- ( ), which presented numerous fl oristic data from ed by German researchers) from the Pomerania region the Sławieński Forest (Schlawer Stadtwald) and valleys were supplied by a study by CZUBIŃSKI ( ), which of Rivers: Jesienica (Esch Bach), Moszczenica (Motze), presented the wealth of the Pomeranian fl ora in view of Reknica (Krebs Bach), Tokara (Taukaree) i Wieprza climatic, orographic, soil and water relation conditions. (Wipper). In Słupsk (Stolp) investigations on vascular, The interfl uve of the Słupia and Wieprza after World particularly synanthropic fl ora were conducted start- War II was also the object of investigations for Polish ing from ’s by German researchers, KARL ( ), specialists in fl oristics. Peatbog fl ora of that area was Z. Sobisz, M. Truchan studied by CZUBIŃSKI ( ); KRÓL ( , ). Inves- The relief of the eastern part of the Sławno Up- tigations on the fl ora and segetal and ruderal vegeta- land is rather monotonous and it reaches altitudes of tion were conducted by BOROWIEC et AL. ( a, b), - m a.s.l. The diversifi cation of surface features MISIEWICZ ( ), MISIEWICZ and SOBISZ ( ), ROLA increases in the southerly direction. A considerable and KUCHARCZYK ( ), SOBISZ ( ), ROLA et AL. proportion of the analysed area is covered by bottom ( ). The dendrofl ora and herbaceous fl ora of manor moraine plateau forms, i.e. upland plain and undulat- parks were described by KOWNAS and SIENICKA ( ), ing morainic plateau, which at the boundary with the PACYNIAK and SURMIŃSKI ( ), SENETA ( ), MA- channel of the Reknica river turns into a hilly plateau. JEWSKI ( ), MISIEWICZ and GRODZKA ( ), SOBISZ The upland plain (with relative heights of up to m) is and TRUCHAN ( ), SOBISZ ( ). Detailed studies at located in the northern part of the mesoregion from the archeological excavation sites were carried out by WITT line established by Rzyszczewo – Bobrowice – Warszko- ( ) and CELKA ( ). wo – Wrześnica – Zębowo – Strzelino. The undulating Herbarium materials supply essential information on morainic plateau (relative heights of - m) is situated the fl ora of the region from which they come. The oldest south of the above mentioned line. Flat or undulating preserved herbarium from the area of the study includes plateau surfaces are broken by the valleys of the Słupia a collection of poisonous plants from the environs of and the Wieprza as well as their tributaries and subgla- Kobylnica and Lubuń (HOMANN ). Interesting her- cial channels and erosion valleys. The most important barium collections were created for Sławno in the years tributaries of the Słupia in the analysed area include - (CELKA et AL. ). Herbarium materials the Sycewice watercourse and Gnilna, Glaźna, Kamienna of outstanding value are deposited at the Museum at and Kwacza in turn, in the Wieprza catchment there are Darłowo, which survived World War II. Over al- Jesienica, Moszczenica, Moszczeniczka, Pijawica, Rekni- legates originating from the area of Sławno and Słupsk ca, Radosławka, Ścięgnica and Zielona Struga (CYBERSKI were preserved (MISIEWICZ ). At present this her- , FLOREK ). barium is found at the Herbarium SLTC of the Institute In terms of the soil and agricultural regionalization of Biology and Nature Protection, the Pomeranian Uni- the investigated area belongs to the Koszalin-Słupsk versity in Słupsk. Region (MROZOWSKI ). In the discussed Region Former herbarium collections containing very rare leached brown soils and pseudopodsolic soils predomi- species and a lack of a current study on the vegetation nate ( . %), formed from unformed light loams, on cover were an inspiration for the decision to undertake a more cohesive subsoil of loose and slightly loamy investigations in that area. sands. Brown soils formed from light and medium loams occupy a very small area ( . %). A very limited percent- age of these soils is formed from silty soils and clays rich THE AREA OF STUDY in calcium carbonate ( . %) and is found in Pleistocene marginal lakes in the area of villages Pieszcz – Kłośnik According to the geo-physical regionalization the – Postomino and west of Sławno (surroundings of the interfl uve of the Słupia and Wieprza rivers belongs to villages Boleszewo – Sławsko – Staniewice – Rzyszcze- the Sławno Upland mesoregion (KONDRACKI ). Ac- wo). Peat soils, alluvial muck soils and muck soils were cording to the geobotanical division SZAFER ( ) the formed in river valleys ( . %). Next to them, small ar- investigated area is located within the following regions: eas are covered by black earths ( . %) and alluvial soils the Baltic Coastland and Pomeranian Lake District of ( . %) (CHABROWSKI et AL. ). the Wałcz–Drawsko district, while according to SZAFER In terms of climatic conditions the eastern part of ( ) it is in the Southern Baltic Coastland region of the Sławno Upland belongs to the East-Central Seaside the Słupsk district and the Central Pomeranian Lake region, the Jarosławiec-Łeba subregion and the North Districts regions of the Bytów district, the Drawsko Lake Pomeranian region (WOŚ ). A certain diversifi cation District. may be observed here between lower and middle vs. up- In terms of the administrative division the area be- per courses of the Słupia and Wieprza rivers. The highest longs to the Sławno and Słupsk counties and the com- total annual precipitation (over mm) is reported for munes of Dębnica Kaszubska, Kobylnica, Sławno, Słupsk the upper, while the lowest – for the lower section of the and Ustka. catchment ( mm). The highest rainfall is recorded Forest complexes are administered by three Forest in July, while the lowest in March. The mean number of Divisions: days of snow-lying ranges from in the lower to in – Leśny Dwór (NLD) – the Skarszów district (forest the upper course of both rivers (KOSIŃSKI ). districts (L.) of Lubuń and Płaszewko), The area of the Słupia and Wieprza interfl uve is – Sławno (NS) – the Stary Kraków district (for- a distinctly agricultural region and in the most part est districts (L.) of Chudaczewko, Emilianowo, it is deforested. Preserved archeological microregions Krakowiany, Pątnowo, Radosław and Wrześnica) and settlement complexes with a chronological sequence – the Żukowo district (forest districts (L.) of Ja- from the Neolithic Age through the Lusatian-Pomera- niewice, Łętowo, Ostrowiec and Tychowo), nian and Oksywie-Wielbarski periods to the early Mid- – Ustka (NU) – the Słupsk district (forest districts dle Age territorial communities indicate a long-term (L.) of Machowino, Sycewice and Zębowo) – the land use in the Słupia and Wieprza interfl uve ŁOSIŃSKI Ustka district (forest districts (L.) of Redwanki, , FLOREK , OLCZAK and SIUCHNIŃSKI , Pęplino and Starkowo). RĄCZKOWSKI ). The region around Sławno and Słupsk since the early Middle Ages has been known as Protected, rare and endangered plants in the Słupia and Wieprza interfl uve a separate settlement complex. It clustered on plains Species covered by legal protection are given af- and fertile areas of the bottom morain, with advanta- ter the Ordinance of the Minister of the Environment geous conditions for soil cultivation and animal breed- (ROZPORZĄDZENIE... ). Species covered by complete ing. In the interfl uve of the Słupia and the Wieprza we protection are denoted with !!, while those covered by may fi nd several ruins of fortifi ed towns dating back partial protection – with !. Protected species, recorded to the th- th centuries. Lowland hollow fortifi ed set- in anthropogenic habitats, are marked in the table with tlements predominating in the agricultural landscape *. In the evaluation of the local threat for species the include (ŚLASKI ). New areas used for settlements in following categories were applied, as defi ned in stud- the Sławno-Słupsk region were created as a result of for- ies by ŻUKOWSKI and JACKOWIAK ( ): R – rare, V – est thinning. This process was intensifi ed starting from vulnerable, E – endangered, as well as MARKOWSKI and the th century and large areas of primeval forest were BULIŃSKI ( ): LC – least concern, NT – near threat- transformed into fi elds and meadows (ŚLASKI ). Over ened, VU – vulnerable, EN – endangered, RE – regionally the time larger forest complexes were preserved mainly extinct. Moreover, categories of threat for species found between Chudaczewko and Pątnów, Staniewice and on the Red list of vascular plants in Poland are given ac- Wrześnica, and between Gałęzinowo and Krzemienica. cording to ZARZYCKI and SZELĄG ( ): E – critically endangered, [E] – endangered with extinction in isolated localities, outside the main range limits, V – vulnerable, MATERIAL AND METHODS [V] – vulnerable in isolated localities, outside the main range limits. In the fl ora of the analysed area rare spe- Studies on vascular fl ora in the interfl uve of the cies in the region are marked with RG. Słupia and Wieprza rivers were conducted in the years Families and species are arranged in the alphabetical - . The location of the area of analysis is pre- order. Information on each recorded species contains sented in Figure . Nomenclature of vascular plants is the code number of the square in the ATPOL system consistent with a study by MIREK et AL. ( ). The (ZAJĄC ), the name of the town/village or forest dis- position of taxa in terms of their geographical-historical trict and the type of habitat/forest site. In case of forest status, taking into consideration the unique character sites the location of forest units is also given (compart- of this region, was defi ned based on lists: ZAJĄC ( ), ments and subcompartments). ZAJĄC and ZAJĄC ( ) and ZAJĄC et AL. ( ). Follow- German names of towns/villages and physiographic ing abbreviation were used in the geographical-histor- names used after are given in brackets in italics ical classifi cation: Ap – apophyt, Ar – archeophyt, Erg (KAEMMERER , BIAŁECKI , SŁOWNIK... ). – ergasiophyt, Ken – kenophyt, Sn – non-synanthropic spontaneophyt. RESULTS
In the analysed area a total of species of vascular plants were recorded, which are covered by legal protec- tion, are endangered in the Pomorze Gdańskie (Gdańsk Pomerania) and Western Pomerania regions and in Po- land, or are classifi ed as rare in the region. A complete list of species is presented in Table . Recorded species are representatives of families. Among species a to- tal of apophytes, archeophytes, eight kenophytes, non-synanthropic spontaneophytes and ergasio- phytes were reported. Localities of rare and endangered apohytes presents Figure , wherever localities of rare and andangered non-synantrophic spontaneophytes in the Słupia and Wieprza interfl uve presents Figure . Le- gal protection covered species. Species covered by complete legal protection and at the same time endangered in the Gdańsk Pomerania (MARKOWSKI and BULIŃSKI ) and the Western Pomerania (ŻUKOWSKI and JACKOWIAK ) in the analysed area include: Aquilegia vulgaris, Baeothryon cespitosum, Dactylorhiza maculata, Drosera anglica, D. intermedia, Epipactis atrorubens, E. palustris, Erica tetralix, Myrica gale, Pedicularis palustris, Platanthera bifolia, Polemonium coeruleum, Scheuchzeria palustris, Trollius europaeus. Jacobsladder (Polemonium coeruleum) as a vulner- able species was entered in the Polish red book of plants (RUTKOWSKI ). The other species covered by com- plete legal protection in the analysed area include: FIG. . Location of the study area Arum maculatum, Campanula latifolia, Carex limosa, Z. Sobisz, M. Truchan , manor park ć nocny nocny awno, former Botanical Garden ł ł ł Localization awno, former Botanical Garden ł g, area of an abandoned forest settlement in fertile lowland lowland fertile in settlement forest abandoned an of area g, g b; sub-Atlantic oak-hornbeam forest oak-hornbeam sub-Atlantic b; f, f, a, clearing at forest nursey forest at clearing a, b, b eld fi eld fi a, along the fence at the forest nursey; Ga plino – sect. tnowo – sect. ę ą aw, Protestantaw, cemetery nica, church cemetery church nica, nica, Protestant cemetery Protestant nica, ł ś ś gnica, at former manor farm buildings (abundant!) ę upsk, Protestant cemetery in Lasek Pó upsk, hump railway, Grunwaldzka street upsk, Protestant cemetery in Lasek Pó awsko, Tychowo, church cemeteries; Noskowo, manor park manor Noskowo, cemeteries; church Tychowo, awsko, awsko, church cemetery; Wyszkowo, manor park awno, former Botanical Garden elki, roadside in manor park; at manor Kwakowo, farm building ł ł ł ł ł ł ci Ż Ś – – S – S – S – S – Tychowo, manor park – Tychowo, – S – Kowalewice, rye – Rados – Stary Kraków, bank of a stream being a tributary of the Wieprza; *church cemetery – – Rzyszczewo, church cemetery – S – Bobrowice, barley – NS, L. P – Bobrowice, Protestant cemetery; S – NU, L. Sycewice – sect. – NU, L. Sycewice – sect. – NU, L. Sycewice – sect. – NU, L. P – Wrze – Wrze – *Pieszcz, Protestant cemetery – Kwakowo, manor park Ca Ca BA BA BA BA BA BA CA CA beech forest; sect. BA BA *Boleszewo – church cemetery, manor park C; *S BA BA BA BA CA CA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA BA CA CA
G Ą and and ZEL ARZYCKI S Z
and and UKOWSKI ACKOWIAK Ż J
uve fl SKI Categories of threats Ń and and ULI ARKOWSKI B M (RG) region region rare in species, species, Protected Protected upia and Wieprza inter cal- ł fi Poland status in in status -historical Geogra L. Ap RG LC R BA L. Erg !! V BA L. Ar RG BA L. Erg !! DD I BA L. Sn DD R BA L. Ap ! VU V [V] BA nivalis vernum
major
cynapium maculatum
. A List of species in the S
ursinum