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UNIVERSITY ~ OF ~ THE BULLETIN MARCH 13, 2000 ~ 53RD YEAR ~ NUMBER 14

Academic Board NET WORTH OKs Expansion Framework

BY MEGAN EASTON comprehensive funding for operating, capital and student support costs. The HE UNIVERSITY IS PREPARED TO appropriate human resources — both Taccommodate at least 8,000 faculty and staff — must be in place additional students over the next for every program slated for growth, decade but enrolment expansion will along with adequate student housing only occur where it is fully funded, and services, academic facilities and enriches the student experience and research infrastructure. advances the university’s mission, The most dramatic growth would states a report endorsed by Academic be on the two suburban campuses,

Board March 9. with U of T at Scarborough taking in DAVID STREET A Framework for Enrolment from 2,100 to 4,200 new students and Expansion at the University of U of T at Mississauga accepting 2,400 Toronto (a supplement to this issue) to 4,700.These numbers translate to a presents the university’s guiding prin- 50 to 100 per cent increase in enrol- ciples in anticipation of demographic ment. The St. George campus would and social changes in that will grow by 11 to 14 per cent, or 3,500 to see up to 40 per cent more people 4,500 students. The maximum seeking post-secondary education growth scenario is a total increase of Neteka colleagues Wilson Chow, David Leung, Edmon Chung, Ken Lee, Rebecca Chan and Ketan Patel display over the next 10 years.The framework 14,400 students. what they hope will make them very wealthy young entrepreneurs — a new software program that makes the is not a blueprint, said President This total is less than the 16,500 Internet multilingual. , but it will be a refer- students that represent U of T’s pro- ence point for more concrete plans in portional share, based on recent enrol- the future. ment numbers, of the expected boom Grads Make Web Multilingual “We are thinking forward and in applications to Ontario’s universi- BY JANET WONG Chung was searching the Internet University of Calgary management imagining how we would like the ties. “That creates opportunities for for information about a particular grad Ketan Patel as director of to evolve over other Ontario universities to more N A DISCOVERY SURE TO TRANS- company and realized he only knew development. the next decade rather than waiting to fully realize their ambitions while pre- form how one works and plays on its Chinese name. “As with most Some companies do offer the use of see what particular forces and pres- venting the University of Toronto I the Internet, U of T grads have made people, I had become used to typing different languages and extended charac- sures arise and responding to them from becoming unreasonably large or it possible for people all over the the company name and appending ters for Web site addresses but they either one by one,” he said at the board out of balance,” Prichard said. As a world to surf the Net in their own .com for its Internet address, but this don’t offer a direct path to a fully univer- meeting. “This document speaks to result, admissions standards may go language. wasn’t as possible with Chinese sal naming system or aren’t compatible both the future size and future shape up and will at least be maintained. The six 20-something entrepre- script. I realized that the Internet with the majority of the world’s existing of the University of Toronto.” There will be no enrolment expan- neurs have created a server software naming system must evolve to take name servers, said Chung. In November an initial discussion sion in first-entry programs at the St. program that allows users to access e- into account a more global audience.” In contrast, Neteka has designed a paper on the enrolment issue was George campus beyond the extra stu- mails or Web pages by typing in a He approached friend David system that takes the entire Internet published in The Bulletin and was cir- dents completing a fourth year, but Web site address in any language — Leung, a fellow U of T industrial into account.The Neteka Name!t soft- culated at boards of governance and to there will be expansion in second- be it Chinese, Arabic, Greek or engineering graduate, to design the ware uses Unicode, a type of program- all divisions. Input from those consul- entry programs such as physical ther- Russian — a feature that has not software to solve the problem. They ming code that captures the character- tations was then incorporated into the apy, pharmacy and nursing and in been universally available until now. recruited four others to Neteka: istics underlying each letter or word in present framework which will go to doctoral-stream programs. Edmon Chung is the 24-year-old U of T computer science grad Wilson a language. Unicode can accommodate Governing Council for final approval Expansion at the suburban campus- president and chief creative officer of Chow to edit the software; U of T up to 65,000 letters or characters, more April 6. es will enhance the curricular strengths Neteka and a graduate of the University master of engineering grad Rebecca than enough for any major language, A prerequisite to any expansion is of each, the document stated. All of of Toronto’s master of industrial engi- Chan as human resources director; and allows for symbols such as the the growth at Scarborough will be in neering program. He took particular U of T industrial engineering grad Ken co-op programs, with the goal of mak- notice of the problem last May. Lee as director of operations; and ~ See WEB: Page 4 ~ ing it a leading co-op university in INSIDE Ontario. At Mississauga, about 1,000 new places will be added to the pro- posed joint program in communica- Feds Fund “Ideas, Innovation” Weird and tions, culture and information technol- wonderful ogy with Sheridan College while the BY SUSAN BLOCH-NEVITTE over five years for the full 2,000. Chairs initiative and the increased rest of the expansion will be in unique In addition, the Canada investment in the Canada A NEW COLUMN BY MICHAH areas such as biotechnology where the HERE WAS GOOD NEWS FOR Foundation for Innovation infra- Foundation for Innovation will Rynor explores out of the way places university has distinguished itself. U of T in the Feb. 28 federal structure program has been extend- propel Canada forward as an inter- on our campuses. Curiosities. Page 3 T To help accommodate the infusion budget with the expansion of pro- ed by three years to 2005 and will nationally competitive nation in the of new students, the framework pro- grams that will benefit faculty have an additional $900 million for new economy. It is the best budget Birgeneau speaks poses a restructuring of many first- recruitment and retention as well as research-based infrastructure in over a decade for our cause.” BIRGENEAU DISCUSSES WITH THE entry programs so that they run priority capital projects. needs. First proposed in 1997, the Prichard said that the federal Bulletin his love of science, what throughout the year. The three- Among key initiatives is the fed- program has produced some 56 government’s budget is “domi- he’s learned about U of T since his semester model, it states, would allow eral government’s commitment to awards for U of T and its affiliated nated by research — something appointment as president and students to complete 20-credit funding 2,000 faculty chairs teaching hospitals, for a total of $75 we could not have contemplat- more. Page 5 degrees more quickly, add greater flex- through its Canada Research million or approximately 15 per ed even five or 10 years ago.” ibility for professors and encourage Chairs program. Announced in last cent of CFI awards nationally. As part of its commitment to more efficient use of campus facilities. October’s throne speech, the pro- “The budget’s central focus on research, the government will 50 years young Professor Fred Wilson of the gram was originally to support ideas and innovation is extraordi- allocate $160 million to create THE FACULTY OF LAW CELEBRATES department of philosophy motioned 1,200 chairs with another 800 to be narily welcome,” said President the Genome Canada project. Five its 50th as the modern law school. funded at a later date. The govern- Robert Prichard. “The combined Pages 10 and 11 ~ See ACADEMIC: Page 4 ~ ment will commit $900 million force of the Canada Research ~ See IDEAS: Page 4 ~ IN BRIEF AWARDS & HONOURS

Faculty of Arts & Science presentation and usability” as well as being “one of the New home for Bulletin online most valuable and reliable on the Internet.” PROFESSOR JEFFREY HAMBURGER OF FINE ART WAS THE BULLETIN’S ONLINE VERSION HAS MOVED TO A NEW WEB SITE the winner of the Charles Rufus Morey Book Award Faculty of Medicine and a new format. The Bulletin online is now provided in portable doc- of the College Art Association for The Visual and the ument format, or PDF, which replaces the previous collection of html Visionary: Art and Female Spirituality in Late Medieval PROFESSORS MICHAEL GORDON OF THE DEPARTMENT files. It can be found at www.newsandevents.utoronto.ca/bulletin. The Germany. The award, presented at the association’s of medicine and Val Rachlis of family and communi- new version uses freely available reader software to make The Bulletin annual meeting Feb. 23 in New York, is awarded for ty medicine have received the 1999 Council Award of on screen look exactly like the print version, including classifieds and an especially distinguished book in the history of art the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Ontario. The events listings: only the ads are left out. “Now you can search an entire and named in honour of one of the founding members award recognizes physicians who have demonstrated issue of The Bulletin for a specific word you’re looking for or download of the association and first teachers of art history in excellence in eight dissimilar roles: medical expert, and print out The Bulletin just as it appeared on the newsstands from the U.S. communicator, collaborator, resource manager, health any laser printer in the world,” said Bruce Rolston, manager of Web advocate, self-directed learner, scientist/scholar and individual, reflecting the needs and expectation of and information services. Bulletin readers who PROFESSOR MICHAEL MOLLOY OF COMPUTER SCIENCE prefer the html-type files can still find the paper in that format at has been selected to receive a prestigious Alfred P. Ontarians; Gordon received his award Feb. 14, News and Events, the university’s online information source Sloan Research Fellowship, awarded by the Alfred P. Rachlis will receive his award at the June 22 meeting. (www.newsandevents.utoronto.ca), Rolston added. Sloan Foundation. The two-year $40,000 fellowships are awarded to outstanding young scientists to support PROFESSOR CAMERON MUSTARD OF PUBLIC HEALTH them early in their careers when other research funding sciences has been appointed chair of the governing Disability co-ordinator resigns may be difficult to obtain; currently 100 grants are council of the Canadian Population Health Initiative given annually in six fields: chemistry, computer science, for a two-year term effective Feb. 3. Under the stew- HELEN SIMSON, CO-ORDINATOR OF DISABILITY SERVICES, RESIGNED economics, mathematics, neuroscience and physics. ardship of the council, the initiative’s mandate to her position effective March 10. She cites inadequate resources and an improve health information over a four-year period will inappropriate location on the third floor of the Koffler Student be accomplished by providing support to innovative Services Centre as reasons for her departure. She was also concerned Development & University research programs focused on the non-medical deter- about lack of access to senior university administrators about disability Relations minants of the health and well-being of Canadians and issues. Susan Addario, director of student affairs, said she was aware of by supporting innovative approaches to stimulating THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO MAGAZINE HAS WON public debate and discussion about public and private Simson’s concerns and has been addressing the issues of resources and an IABC/Toronto 2000 Ovation Award of Excellence sector policies that influence the health of Canadians. location. After a review of the service, a new co-ordinator will be in the writing category while the Campaign Quarterly, appointed, she said. published by campaign communications in the MARIA NAYER, A LECTURER IN PHYSICAL THERAPY, Division of Development & University Relations, and has received a of Physiotherapy Q&A: University of Toronto National Report 1999 Regulator’s Recognition Award, acknowledging her won Awards of Merit in the category of publications. U of T surpasses United Way goal ongoing involvement with the alliance. It recognizes Ovation awards recognize outstanding efforts in in particular her extensive contribution to the devel- UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO FACULTY AND STAFF HAVE RAISED A RECORD strategic communications, contributing to organiza- opment and administration of the physiotherapy breaking $663,833 for United Way of Greater Toronto. Students also tional objects and performance. national examination. contributed this year, collectively raising over $13,000 which marks their highest achievement ever. “This year I asked you to give as you Rotman School of Management never have before, and because of your generosity we reached and all Fisher Rare Book Library time high in donations,” said Professor Doug Perovic, chair of the THE ROTMAN SCHOOL EXECUTIVE MBA BROCHURE U of T campaign. “Thank you for your investment in people, solutions ALBERT MASTERS, A LIBRARY TECHNICIAN AT THE & Application Package has won an IABC/Toronto and hope.” Anne Golden, president of United Way of greater Toronto, Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library, has been awarded an Ovation 2000 Award of Excellence in the publications added her thanks to the university community: “The University of Internet Guide Award from the editors of Britan- category. The awards program salutes those who Toronto’s contribution to the success of this year’s campaign cannot be nica.com for his Web site about medieval manuscripts — translate concerns, ideas and strategies into effective overstated. The faculty and staff at U of T have consistently been in the www.geocities.com/Paris/Rue/9451/medieval.html. The business solutions and recognizes outstanding top 10 of giving organizations in this city. Congratulations. We are Britannica editors cited the site as “one of the best on the efforts in strategic communications, contributing to thrilled!” Internet when reviewed for quality, accuracy of content, organization objectives and performance.

ON THE INTERNET FEATURED SITE SITES OF INTEREST

U OF T HOME PAGE You say zee, I say zed ... www.utoronto.ca Digitally U of T PROFESSOR JACK CHAMBERS THE GOOD FOLKS AT U OF T AT SCARBOROUGH HAVE GENEROUSLY of linguistics has a fascinating THE CAMPAIGN FOR U OF T collated a vast and searchable collection of images that are avail- (and colourful) Web site that www.uoftcampaign.com able free to the university community. Images may be downloaded describes his research on but please note that they are rather small. If you need a high res- “dialect topography,” a set of RESEARCH UPDATES (NOTICES) olution image for publication purposes or have not found the methods for surveying varia- http://www.library.utoronto.ca/rir/hmpage/ images you need, you may contact the Scarborough personnel. tions of dialect within a region. Chambers has been PHD ORALS http://www.scar.utoronto.ca/~photo/search.html studying the Golden Horseshoe region which covers the western www.sgs.utoronto.ca/phd_orals.htm tip of Lake Ontario from Oshawa to Niagara Falls. Over five million people, more than one-sixth of Canada’s population, live U OF T JOB OPPORTUNITIES The powers that be in this 250 km area. Chambers observes that in southern www.utoronto.ca/jobopps EVER WONDERED WHAT MAKES THINGS TICK AROUND Ontario, the proximity of the United States on three sides makes campus? Unlike most North American post-secondary education the American presence a constant factor and one that Canadians If you want your site featured in this space, please institutions, U of T does not have a faculty Senate and a separate feel compelled to resist in order to keep their autonomy. “Their contact Audrey Fong, news services officer, at: Board of Governors. Instead, Governing Council consists of an resistance involves matters both large and small. One of the small [email protected] executive committee, Academic Board, Business Board, matters is the name of the last letter of the alphabet. “Z” is called University Affairs Board and various committees. The council’s “zed” everywhere in the world, not only in English but also in Web site is very comprehensive, providing information on coun- French, German and most other languages, except in the United cil membership (contacts, bios, meeting schedules, protocol), States where it is called “zee.” agendas, reports, policies and procedures. All GC policies are available for downloading in both HTML and PDF format. http://www.chass.utoronto.ca/~chambers/diale ct_topography.html http://www.utoronto.ca/govcncl/index.htm

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 2 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 Jackman Serves CURIOSITIES Second Term BY CHERYL SULLIVAN commitment to the university. I know I speak for all members of AL JACKMAN HAS BEEN RE- the university community in con- Helected to a second term as gratulating Chancellor Jackman on U of T’s chancellor. The College of his re-election and expressing our Electors — made up of approxi- deep gratitude for his remarkable mately 40 alumni service.” who are responsi- The chancellor ble for choosing is the ceremonial the chancellor — head of the met on March 6 university and and voted over- ambassador to the whelmingly in 343,000 U of T favour of a second alumni living three-year term for around the world. Jackman that Other duties begins on July 1. include presiding “I am very hon- at convocation oured and I have ceremonies, certainly enjoyed attending award my almost three Chancellor ceremonies and years a chancellor. other events and There is always something going serving as the university’s senior on at the university. Every week volunteer. Under the University of there is some sort of event and I see Toronto Act a chancellor can serve the best of the university commu- a maximum of two terms (six nity,” said Jackman. “I think the years). Jackman’s term as the uni- University of Toronto has made versity’s 30th chancellor will end huge strides in the last five or 10 June 30, 2003. years, and [I am fortunate] to have “The University of Toronto has been a part of it.” been blessed with many wonderful President Robert Prichard was chancellors and the re-election of delighted at Jackman’s re-election Hal Jackman is further evidence of and praised his contributions to the how fortunate we are as a universi- university community: “Hal ty,” said Wendy Cecil-Cockwell, Jackman has been a magnificent chair of Governing Council. “He chancellor for the past three years. works tirelessly and with great pas- His willingness to serve again is sion on behalf of the university and further evidence of his remarkable that makes us the envy of many.” JEWEL RANDOLPH Chancellors Support Humanities Funding

BY CHERYL SULLIVAN of the university and I certainly sup- port that,” said Jackman, who holds a GATEWAY TO THE PAST N AN UNPRECEDENTED SHOW BA from U of T’s Victoria University BY MICHAH RYNOR Iof unity the chancellors of 16 where he studied economics, history, Ontario universities have come out geography and politics. He then went LICE IN WONDERLAND FANCIFUL, THIS (a resident from 1888 to 1902) lived in the house which in strong support of the importance on to earn an LLB from U of T’s wrought-iron gate is all that remains of a is now part of the School of Graduate Studies. of a university education and the Faculty of Law. “The chancellors Afence that once surrounded the former prin- Crumbling and paper thin in places — with sections value of the liberal arts. A Feb. 29 wanted to remind people of the pur- cipal’s residence at Knox College. Although details are either missing or in storage — it could be only a joint statement also called on gov- pose and mission of a university which sketchy, it might have been a fixture on the property matter of time before this rare piece of Victoriana is ernments and the private sector to has to always include the liberal arts.” during the years that Canadian prime minister John A. lost forever. Knox administrator Brian Malcolm says increase funding support for the Proof of Jackman’s own commit- MacDonald (who stayed in the stately manor from the college is currently seeking ways to preserve it from province’s universities. ment to that ideal is his $5-million 1876 to 1878) and Ontario premier the elements — and for posterity. “To prepare the leaders of tomor- gift to the university in support of the row we need a university system that humanities. Together with money is characterized by excellence, acces- from the university the Chancellor sibility, diversity and flexibility” reads Henry N. R. Jackman Distinguished Cancer Growth Gene Identified the statement signed by such promi- Chair Program in the Humanities nent people as U of T chancellor Hal was established in November 1998, BY STEVEN DE SOUSA Mgat5 are elevated in human and spread of cancer. Jackman, McClelland & Stewart creating five new chairs in the fields malignancies of breast, colon and “Our study shows that Mgat5 president Avie Bennett, former of philosophy, history, language ESEARCHERS AT MOUNT skin cancers. By knocking out the products in cancers promote cell Alberta premier Peter Loughheed and literature, classics and art. RSinai Hospital Hospital and Mgat5 gene in mice, researchers movement, which drives growth- and Royal Bank of Canada chair Meanwhile, the Ontario U of T have identified a key gene were able to suppress cancerous signalling pathways inside the John Cleghorn. The statement was Confederation of University that affects cancer growth, opening tumour growth and the spread of cells,” said Dennis. “This is the first drafted following a November 1999 Faculty Associations has called for the door to new approaches for tumour cells to the lung. time that we have been able to meeting of Ontario university a more balanced approach to post- effective cancer treatments. The researchers created mice show a direct involvement of carbo- chancellors at York University. secondary education funding. This “Cancer cells express sugar struc- deficient in Mgat5 by a method hydrate chains in cancer growth. “The liberal arts and sciences must week the organization released a tures that enable the cancer to grow known as targeted gene mutation. This study and ongoing investiga- continue to be a seminal part of study criticizing the government’s rapidly,” said Professor Jim Dennis These mice appear normal in every tions in the signalling pathways Ontario’s higher education.... A position that post-secondary fund- of molecular and medical genetics way but react differently from other affected by Mgat5 will direct us to number of recent studies have clearly ing reflects both labour market and and a senior scientist at Mount mice when exposed to powerful new drug combinations to control underlined that a well-rounded, gen- student demands. The study cites Sinai Hospital’s Samuel Lunenfeld cancer-inducing substances known the spread of cancerous tumours.” eral education — learning to think, employment rates for liberal arts Research Institute. “What we have as oncogenes. The Mgat5-deficient In addition, the researchers found to write and to express one’s ideas students equal to those of their sci- done is look at how those sugars on mice had an 80 to 95 per cent that mice missing Mgat5 had a clearly — is as valuable to future ence and engineering counterparts the cell surface affect the growth reduction in breast cancer growth stronger immune response. This employability as technical or techno- and states that more than 40 and spread of cancer.” and metastasis, or spreading, to the finding raises the possibility that logical training,” the statement says. per cent of the total student Dennis and his team of lungs compared to other mice, indi- Mgat5 inhibitors may augment the “It was a clear call for support for demand for university programs researchers found that sugar chains cating that these sugar structures immune response in cancer patients the humanities, which are an essence is the arts. produced by a substance called play a role in promoting the growth following chemotherapy.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 3 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 Academic Board OKs Framework ~ Continued From Page 1 ~ was an amendment to the initial have not been consulted,” he said “It that the board delay its decision on proposal, allowing extra time to has not been a process that has been the framework until the U of T phase out the 15-credit degree there. short on academic debate.” Faculty Association is canvassed for The St. George campus is scheduled On the issue of accessibility and its views on the three-semester to eliminate the degree by the 2001- financial aid, Principal Angela model; he suggested there may be a 2002 academic year. Scarborough Hildyard of Woodsworth College said conflict with the association’s mem- has made no decision about the she had been asked by Amrhein to orandum agreement with the future of the 15-credit degree. chair a working group to examine the administration. The motion was There was extensive debate about impact of the elimination of the 15- defeated and Prichard reassured the this issue when the framework was credit degree on all students. “I think board that no conflict existed. presented to the planning and budget it’s our responsibility to find ways to “I don’t want for a moment to sug- committee March 7 and some of the meet those needs so that students can gest that this proposal compels facul- same concerns were raised at then graduate with 20 credits,” she ty members to teach in three terms. Academic Board, but it passed at said. The framework commits the It was not intended in any way to be both. Manon Le Paven, president of university to continuing its financial inconsistent with the provisions in the Association of Part-time aid guarantee and says special atten- the memorandum of agreement with Undergraduate Students, requested tion will be paid to the needs of stu- the faculty association,” he said. that Academic Board delay voting on dents who are affected by the move to “This is designed to create more the proposal until a survey is con- offer only 20-credit degrees. opportunity for students and faculty ducted of the association’s member- Prichard said maintaining academ- through full-year programming.” ship, while representatives of the ic excellence is the rationale behind The most controversial proposal Graduate Students’ Union and the the move to the 20-credit degree. in the framework is the phasing out Women’s Centre said they felt the “There is the possibility now that we of the 15-credit degree by the move to only 20-credit degrees can more fully realize our commit- Faculty of Arts and Science, which compromised accessibility at U of T. ment to a liberal education, an educa- accounts for an enrolment increase Arts and science dean Carl tion which allows us to better exploit of about 2,500 students. In response Amrhein said students were never the extraordinary strengths that we to concerns about retention and excluded from the discussions. “It is have across the Faculty of Arts and recruitment issues at UTM, there simply not fair to say that students Science.” Feds Fund “Ideas, Innovation” ~ Continued From Page 1 ~ medical genetics and microbiology important biomedical questions.” research centres will be estab- and director of the Centre for The federal budget also increases lished across Canada and U of T Applied Genomics at the Hospital the tax exemption for student schol- intends to compete vigorously for for Sick Children. “This will help arships, bursaries and fellowships Ontario’s centre. solidify genomics research and pro- from the current $500 level to “Based on our past performance vide the proper infrastructure to use $3,000, which the university and expectations, we very much this information and apply it to lobbied for, Prichard said. think one of the new genome cen- tres will be here in Toronto,” said University Professor Lap-Chee Tsui Web Now Multilingual of medical genetics and microbiolo- gy and part of the team that cloned ~ Continued From Page 1 ~ The Innovations Foundation played the gene for cystic fibrosis. He is exclamation mark, ampersand and an integral role in helping Neteka’s also co-chair of the interim board of dollar sign, which are currently barred founders develop their business. Part of directors of the Genome Canada from use. U of T,the technology transfer compa- project. “This software will revolutionize the ny helps researchers from the universi- “It’s very timely, very good news,” Internet,” said George Adams, president ty and its associated hospitals patent, said Professor Stephen Scherer of of U of T’s Innovations Foundation. market, license and start up . THE PRESIDENCY

OF SCIENCE AND SIMCOE HALL Three months after being appointed to the presidency, The Bulletin spoke to Robert Birgeneau about his life in academia and administration BY JILL RUTHERFORD

LEGANT. BEAUTIFUL. MAGIC. about their subject and work at the frontiers Magnificent. Robert Birgeneau is lec- of science and can communicate that. For Eturing on physics with a staccato-like me, at least, it was important to begin to delivery, peppering his comments with words interact with people who understood the PHOTO COURSTESY OF MIT. PHOTOSHOP EFFECTS BY CAMELIA LINTA one associates more with art than science. But to subject deeply.” him, these words describe the very essence of Birgeneau’s own transformative experi- good science: elegant simplicity, the sheer beau- ence came just before entering graduate ty of physical structures, the magnificence of school when he worked in a group led by experiments done well. It is obvious to all who Canada’s Nobel-Prize physicist Bertram listen in this overflowing lecture theatre, that Brockhouse at the Chalk River nuclear science is a source of pure joy to Birgeneau. And research centre. his enthusiasm is infectious. “Here I had the tremendous benefit of “At a fundamental level, the physical uni- being able to be as a summer student in a verse is extraordinarily beautiful,” he says in an group where really Nobel Prize-level earlier interview. “It matches the feeling of the research was being done in Canada,” he Sistine Chapel.” recalls. “That had a huge impact on me “In my experience in research if you have psychologically because I discovered for many possible solutions and there is one that is the first time what it was like to work at the elegant and beautiful, it will always turn out to true frontiers of science.” be the right one. Nature has with it an In many ways, that initial excitement of esthetic that has been difficult to match by discovery and pursuit of excellence in humans through paintings or music. So I think research has never left Birgeneau. He great educators also manage to communicate brought his enthusiasm to MIT where he that esthetic of nature.” successfully helped lead his faculty to a truly Birgeneau is well qualified to speak on the world-leading status. And he did that by subject. The president-designate of the building on existing strengths and then University of Toronto, who takes up his new po- boldly forging new partnerships. sition July 1, is one of the world’s authorities on For example, MIT just announced an solid-state physics. His peers have recognized his unprecedented $350-million donation to work by honouring him with the top awards in the school from husband and wife bene- his field, most notably the Oliver E. Buckley factors Patrick and Lore Harp McGovern, Prize of the American Physical Society and creating a new brain research centre. That most recently the Julius Edgar Lilienfeld Prize. has automatically produced a diverse population. In fact, donation is in large part due to the lead role Birgeneau had The only one left is the Nobel. in my experience it’s less meritorious places that are more already taken in making MIT a centre for brain research. Considering that one of every three recipients of the Buckley homogeneous.” After he became dean of science in 1991, Birgeneau proceeded goes on to win the world’s top honour, Birgeneau has in some The equity debate is clearly very important to Birgeneau, who to integrate the department of brain and cognitive science with ways turned his back on that possibility to accept the presidency is intent on fostering an academic environment in which all the school of science and created an undergraduate program in of this university. For even a man who wants very much to be people feel at home — regardless of their skin colour, neuroscience. He then persuaded Nobel Prize-winning biolo- known as an academic first and an administrator second, also religion or sex. But, he says, “that’s only part of what I am gist Susumu Tonegawa to lead a new international research knows that the demands of the new job will prevent him from hoping to accomplish while at the University of Toronto.” consortium in partnership with the Japenese RIKEN brain continuing the kind of world-class research he has spent his Since he was appointed to the presidency, Birgeneau has been research institute and hired a large number of “talented young entire adult life pursuing. Indeed, the decision to accept the shuttling back and forth between Boston, where he still has an scientists” to work in this area. It was these initiatives and the offer of the presidency was a difficult one, he concedes, but it’s office at MIT, and Toronto where he has been alternately ground-breaking research being conducted that convinced the one he is glad he made. staying at the home of his 91-year-old mother-in-law and at McGoverns to make their own donation. “First of all, whether or not you win the Nobel Prize is a Massey College. “This shows the impact that generous individuals can have lottery — that’s not something that can be on the progress of science and on the welfare of programmed — whereas the University of Toronto humanity,” Birgeneau says. presidency was there and it was real. Birgeneau may need to rely on that generosity “The second thing is that people who have been THE PHYSICAL UNIVERSE IS EXTRAORDINARILY more than he realizes. While his trips back to Toronto leaders in research and education and who have ad- have only confirmed his impressions of the ministrative ability ought to provide leadership in BEAUTIFUL; IT MATCHES THE FEELING “incredibly rich intellectual environment” at our university because they really understand what a U of T, and its special strengths in the humanities, university can and should be. OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL he realizes now that the university is far more “resource “I also feel that it is a special time in Canadian his- limited” than he’d originally hoped. And that, he tory,” he continues. “It is possible if all the stars line says, increases the challenge of attracting and retain- up properly for the University of Toronto to move in the same So far, he has spent much of his time on campus meeting ing the most talented faculty and graduate students from around stratosphere as the universities of Oxford, Tokyo and Berkley. principals and deans, hearing their concerns and priorities for the world. It will take an incredible amount of work — more than I their divisions. A number have also made the trek to Boston to However, he is confident that just as he did at MIT, initially realized — but it is possible. confer with him including Deputy Provost Carolyn Tuohy, arts he will be able to forge dynamic partnerships between “And I think if I could help facilitate that, it’s a contribution and science dean Carl Amrhein, engineering dean Michael university researchers and community leaders when he every bit as rewarding as winning another major prize in Charles, New College principal David Clandfield and Professor takes his place at U of T. The fact that U of T had already physics.” Bruce Kidd, dean of physical education and health. Even identified its key academic priorities prior to launching His global vision for the university has so far been over- Premier paid a call when he was in the its fundraising campaign, plus new government initiatives shadowed in recent media reports by attention paid to his Massachusetts capital. But important for Birgeneau, he’s also such as the 21st-Century Chairs program, will give him the record on diversity issues. While dean of science at the taken time to be with students. And he hopes to continue that opportunity “to strengthen an already excellent faculty and Massachusetts Institute of Technology he attempted to re- kind of open dialogue after he takes office. also identify other growth areas as we did with neuroscience at dress inequities between women and men faculty and made a It is obvious in speaking about his own research that Birgeneau MIT.” concerted effort to recruit talented women candidates. But has tremendous respect for the students who work with him. As for his own research, Birgeneau has every intention of some of that media attention has been critical, calling into One is struck by the care with which this award-winning physi- setting up a lab in the physics department. He’s already question the need for such “social engineering.” Birgeneau cist ensures that the contributions of his graduate students are hired a post-doc from Oxford who will report on Sept. 1, and admits he was surprised by the reaction. recognized and praised. Excellence in research is for Birgeneau another scientist from Japan will be joining him in the late “The thing I have difficulty understanding is that these a collegial enterprise. autumn. And as he settles into the routines of Simcoe Hall, media have simply ignored the fact that I’ve led what is It also leads to excellence in teaching, he says. one can be sure Birgeneau’s thoughts will never be too far literally the best school of science in the world — and there’s “I think excellence in teaching and excellence in research are from contemplating the beauty and elegance of the physical probably no institution more merit-driven than MIT — and that closely connected. That way you have people who are passionate universe.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 5 — MONDAY, MARCH 13, 2000 IN THE NEWS

University of Toronto people are in the news every day. The following is a sampling from February and March: Professor gives RRSP advice performs computer functions, he recently appeared on Citytv’s Media Television to describe this innovative AS THE RRSP DEADLINE WAS FAST APPROACHING device. Videographer Sheila Cameron explored the world at the end of February, the press relied on finance pro- of “wearable visual computing” with Mann as he demon- fessor Eric Kirzner for commentary on various invest- strated the unique features and its potential benefits of the ment and financial issues. He was featured in several wearable computer in this quirky segment. Mann currently stories in The ’s Smart Money section as teaches a course on personal cybernetics at U of T. well as in a Canadian Press story distributed across Canada during the week of Feb. 21. Pond scum or fuel for cars?

IMAGINE PUMPING HYDROGEN, A BYPRODUCT OF Time heralds Canadian divas green algae, into your car instead of fossil fuel. Thanks ISABEL BAYRAKDARIAN IS THE “BRIGHTEST NEW to the work of Professor Bob Morris of chemistry, this Canadian star in a growing pantheon,” a recent article possibility may become a reality in the near future. His in the Canadian edition of Time magazine says. discovery was featured on a short segment entitled Fuel Written by Carl Morey, a former U of T dean of the for the Future on the Space Channel in February. Faculty of Music, the article sings the praises of the 25- Morris, in his interview with videographer Natasha year-old songbird. In the Canadian Opera’s Company’s Roi, unveils the process of converting water extracted current production of Don Giovanni, Bayrakdarian from microscopic green algae to hydrogen, an environ- plays the role of the exquisite Zerlina. Her voice is mentally friendly fuel with water as a byproduct. described by Time as “capable of navigating the treach- erous coloraturas of Rossini and Donizetti” and is Martin’s making news – as usual compared to such opera luminaries as Emma Albani and Teresa Stratas. The article also praised U of T ROGER MARTIN, DEAN OF THE ROTMAN SCHOOL OF Faculty of Music grads Measha Brüggergosman, Brett Management, continues to garner plenty of media Polegato, James Westman, Michael Colvin, Gerald attention. He appeared on Citytv’s Breakfast Television Finley, Adrianne Pielzonka and Russell Braun. in February to discuss the future of work in Toronto. In addition Martin was featured in a cover story of a recent Maclean’s magazine on mutual funds. Ross Wearable computers – Laver, Maclean’s business editor, moderated a round- table discussion in which Martin took part. The press wave of the future? has also sought Martin’s comments on topical issues PROFESSOR STEVE MANN MAY THINK SO.INVENTOR ranging from taxes to the federal budget. of the “wearable computer,” a head-held apparatus that COMPILED BY SUE TOYE

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 4 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 Watson Papers Donated to U of T BY JAMIE HARRISON “Anyone who wants to study the history of the Canadian media will EARLY 50 YEARS AFTER grad- have to look at the achievements of Nuation, influential broadcaster, Patrick Watson,” Garlock said. “The writer and media personality Patrick collection he has entrusted to us is a Watson returned his books to the unique and essential record of his University of Toronto Library. life that will be useful to both Over his career Watson has used present and future scholars.” all kinds of media, from pen and paper to film and videotape, to com- municate with his fellow Canadians and now he has donated 117 boxes of personal and professional records to the Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library. The gift includes scripts, photographs, production notes, awards, speeches and copies of his acclaimed television productions, with more to come. “I’ve been very fortunate to have had a very interesting career,” Watson said. “Throughout my life and my career, I’ve always remem- Patrick Watson bered the University of Toronto, my Watson’s career achievements time there and what it gave to me, have him ranked among the elite of though I probably didn’t realize the his contemporaries. He was the host impact of it at the time. I think that of the hard-hitting current affairs education and that period of my life show This Hour Has Seven Days were integral to shaping the deci- and later produced the nationally sions I would make for years to acclaimed 10-part TV series The come. I don’t think I could have had Struggle for Democracy. In 1964 he a better prepa- became the ration for life.” first North Watson American pro- earned a BA in ducer ever to 1951 and an MA in 1953, both film in the People’s Republic from U of T. He went on to have a of China. That film, The 700 stellar career working in front of and Million, is considered a behind the camera at most major documentary classic. television networks in Canada and In addition to his work in the the United States — including a media, he serves as chair of the term as chair of the Canadian Abilities Foundation, honorary Broadcasting Corporation. chair of the Canadian Amputee Gayle Garlock, director of Sports Association and was development and public affairs at the founding director of the Centre U of T Library, said he was thrilled for Arms Control as well as a at the prospect of receiving a member of the board of trustees of wealth of information from a the National Film Board of media living legend. Canada. Glaxo Wellcome Funds New Chair

REATING A GENERATION OF medicines. It also develops smart C“smart drugs” is the research drugs that are delivered at an goal of a new chair in pharmaceu- optimal dosage precisely where and tics and drug delivery established at when they are needed. The Glaxo the Faculty of Pharmacy by a $1- Wellcome chair will develop better million commitment from industry time-release drugs, ways to giant Glaxo Wellcome Inc. improve the absorption of existing When matched by the university, drugs as well as efficient delivery the company’s gift will create a $2- systems for protein drugs needed to million endowment fund that will fight AIDS and cancer. ensure the continued existence of Glaxo Wellcome Inc. has also the chair. committed $1.3 million to other “Glaxo Wellcome is excited U of T initiatives including the about supporting this kind of doctor of pharmacy program and pioneering research at a leading scholarships for undergraduate institution like U of T as part of pharmacy students. In addition, the our efforts to fight disease and company is investing $700,000 to save lives,” said Paul Lucas, Glaxo help build a laboratory in the new Wellcome’s president and chief biotechnology research centre at executive officer. the Mississauga campus. The donation is part of the Based in Mississauga and part of company’s $10-million Pathfinders UK-based Glaxo Wellcome plc, Fund, creating research positions in Glaxo Wellcome Inc. manufactures all 16 Canadian medical schools medicines to treat numerous diseases and other universities. including cancer, cardiovascular Pharmaceutics focuses on how to disorders, depression, epilepsy, transform new drugs into effective herpes and HIV/AIDS.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 7 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 GOING FOR GOLD What would a Toronto Olympics mean for U of T? BY JOAN GRIFFIN

ITH ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT FIRMLY “It’s an amazing development from a sport policy MIKE ANDRECHUK behind the 2008 Olympic Games bid, many research point of view,” says Professor Peter Donnelly, WTorontonians dream of hosting the world. director of the Centre for Sport Policy Studies. “One That decision, however, rests in the hands of the clear area of study is the social impact of the Games and International Olympic Committee (IOC), which will with our central location we will be well positioned to narrow the list of potential hosts this August and examine the community impact, participation, volun- announce the winner in July 2001. tarism and public-private partnerships that are expected In the meantime U of T could be in a good position from these Games. We will also be in a position to — should the games be awarded to the city — to bene- examine the legacy of the Games.” Essentially, it is the fit directly and indirectly, some university researchers say. cost of the Games and the legacy that many of the But others warn that the Olympic dream might turn Games’ opponents cite as major reasons not to host into a nightmare for students looking for affordable them. housing. U of T researchers are already looking at the impact of Professor Bruce Kidd, dean of the Faculty of Physical previous Olympic Games on host cities. Graduate stu- Education and Health, says opportunities for the uni- dent Cora McCloy is undertaking an ambitious review versity are “tremendous” as a possible host location for of every Olympic Games from Los Angeles in 1984 to athletes and satellite training facilities as well as student the present. She hopes to compare the bid books — a placement opportunities and research of all kinds. Kidd prospectus of the games site, community impact study feels that there is something for students, faculty, staff and budget — with what was left behind once the and alumni should the Games come to Toronto and he Games finished. Her particular interest is on the so- points to Sydney as a positive example of integrating the called sport-for-all legacy: a philosophy that embraces university community with the Olympic process. physical activity and access — especially recreational — The 2000 Olympics organizers favoured Sydney univer- for all people. She is asking whether the facilities, largely sities in the contract research of technology, communica- paid for by taxpayers, are really available to them. tions and environmental cleanup required for the games, It’s an issue echoed by Professor Margaret MacNeill. explains Kidd. “They also worked with Sydney universities “In Calgary, for example, the Saddle Dome was made to create a number of special co-op positions for the games available to the Calgary Flames [of the NHL] and the so that students could learn from the special challenges Canadian National Men’s Hockey team before it was that such a large, global event would create.” made available to the people of Calgary.” She sees the However, others in the university community are Olympics in Toronto as an opportunity to examine the more circumspect as to whether the games will bring full circuit of cultural production in her own backyard, tangible rewards to U of T. but with an international scope. “I don’t know if it’s a good or bad thing, but it will be MacNeill, who researched the relationship of the interesting, especially from a students’ point of view, for media and national identity at the Calgary Games, will potential housing issues,” says Professor David travel to Sydney this summer to look at issues regarding Hulchanski of the Faculty of Social Work, a noted critic athletes and media, especially freedom of expression. of the Olympic bid. Hulchanski wonders what chal- Many athletes, she explains, are not media savvy when lenges students will encounter in obtaining housing in it comes to knowing which comments are considered September 2008 should Toronto hosts the games in mid-late working to bring the Olympics to Toronto, have promised “on” or “off-the-record.” Another issue is privacy; the media August. that half of the 4,000 housing units planned for athletes will have access to personal details about an athlete’s life which His interest in the Olympic bid stems from years of be used for affordable housing following the games. that person may not wish broadcast. MacNeill hopes that by research on hallmark events such as Olympic Games or But from a research perspective, Kidd’s colleagues at the 2008 games, the university will have a media lab estab- world’s fairs and the impacts they have on the host commu- physical education and health are already excited about the lished to conduct audience research on the Olympics as a nity once the festivities have concluded. TO-Bid, the group possibilities should Toronto win the bid. cultural event, entertainment and a commodity.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 9 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 LAW

A LEGACY OF LEADERSHIP The modern law school celebrates 50 years of visionary legal education

BY CHERYL SULLIVAN PHOTOGRAPHS COURTESY OF THE FACULTY OF LAW THE FACULTY OF PHOTOGRAPHS COURTESY

THE EVOLUTION OF A SCHOOL: (clockwise from upper left) Flavelle House, circa 1910; Cecil “Caesar” Wright chatting with a student; the three founders of the mo dern law school — John Willis, Bora Laskin and Wright; student of the 1980s; seminar with then-faculty member Frank Iacobucci (now a Supreme Court justice) on far right; students protesting outside of Osgoode Hall in 1953; and construction of the law library.

INANCE MINISTER , FORMER ONTARIO PREMIER that the law school was reborn. But despite its leading program the law marked the 10th anniversary of its international human rights program in the early stages, the centre will be a research, teaching and policy advisory , justices Rosalie Abella and Ian Binnie and senators society would not recognize U of T’s law school as a degree-granting insti- that has placed over 125 students in summer internships in governmental centre for issues related to innovation, intellectual property and technology. FTrevor Eyton and Jerry Grafstein. For a relatively young law school tution. In 1953 students marched on Osgoode Hall in protest, but it took and non-governmental human rights organizations throughout the world. This past summer students helped establish the Street Kids Legal Aid of 50 years and a modest alumni body of just over 5,000 U of T’s Faculty until 1958 before the program was finally fully recognized by the law There are both work-in-Japan and work-in-China programs where Clinic in Bangkok, Thailand, the first legal clinic for street kids in of Law has had an impact that far exceeds size and longevity. society. students spend a year working abroad in a law firm or law-related position Southeast Asia. And this year through the distinguished international Born of a dramatic split with Osgoode Hall and a battle with the Law “They had a very clear vision of the role of university legal education and in those countries, giving students the opportunity to complement their visitors program, 15 leading scholars from around the world will each Society of , the modern law school was built on a tradition they were willing to risk everything for that vision,” says law dean Ron formal training with first-hand exposure to law and legal institutions in spend two weeks teaching at the law school. of innovation and a bold willingness to take risks. Osgoode dean and Daniels who is himself a 1986 graduate. “I think that commitment to another country. Over the last four years the school has appointed 18 new faculty mem- visionary Cecil (Caesar) Wright believed passionately in the importance of excellence, to scholarship and to rigorous education stands today as much Closer to home, the law school also has a long history of public and com- bers at various levels and in diverse disciplines both from within Canada full-time legal education, and when the law society advocated full-time as it did 50 years ago.” munity service. Students now run and work at four legal-aid clinics. In and around the world. Daniels says the faculty-student ratio at U of T’s law work for law students with only two hours of lectures a day, Wright The law school continues in its legacy of leadership and strives to be addition 200 students are currently working with Pro-Bono Students school is the best in Canada and next year is expected to be the best in resigned. responsive to the needs and interests of Canadian society and the world Canada, a national initiative housed at U of T. North America. Wright was joined in his rebellion by colleagues Bora Laskin and John beyond. Recognizing globalization as a profound influence shaping both The law school and its students continue to build for the future. In Fifty years after its founding, the law school continues to build on its Willis and together they came to U of T and pioneered the modern law the profession and Canadian society, the school has incorporated interna- response to the tremendous impact of emerging technologies, the school is tradition of leadership to produce tomorrow’s , judges, policy- school. Law had been studied at U of T since 1843 but it wasn’t until 1949 tional curriculum and opportunities into its programs. The faculty recently home to the newly established Centre for Innovation, Law and Policy. Still makers and decision-makers. Caesar Wright would be proud.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 10 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 11 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH

MYTHICAL MERMEN, GIANT GROUND SLOTHS, WHAT NEXT? New diagnostic methods Central America),” he said. This needed for antibiotic use species was later replaced by one called Up to two-thirds of antibiotics the Panamerican giant ground sloth prescribed for sore throats are unnec- which became extinct 10,000 years essary but doctors or demanding ago. patients aren’t necessarily at fault — Current evolutionary theory researchers blame less-than-ideal suggests that mammals from South America were inherently inferior to diagnostic methods, says a study MIKE ANDRECHUK published in the current edition of and could not survive as well as their the journal Medical Decision North American counterparts. “The Making. discovery of this new species of giant In the study researchers took throat sloth has significant ecological impli- swabs from 517 patients with sore cations for this traditional theory,” throats who had visited their family De Iuliis said. “These groups of sloths doctors. After each visit physicians migrated to North America, diversi- were asked to record whether or not fied and thrived for nearly two million years which would hardly Animated figures that “think” they had prescribed an antibiotic and the likelihood of group A strepto- be expected for a group of inferior Using a mythical merman and coccal infection, or strep throat, in animals. A similar pattern can be hungry sharks, a U of T computer the patient. noted for other South American science professor and two former Two-thirds of all antibiotic pre- mammals.” graduate students have pushed the scriptions were given to patients whose The giant ground sloth, on notion of artificial intelligence and throat cultures came back later with average the size of a small elephant, virtual life to a new level. negative results. In these cases physi- weighed about four tons and is be- In his creation of a virtual under- cians overestimated the probability of lieved to have been a herbivore. They water world, Professor Demetri strep throat by 33 per cent compared had huge claws — much larger than Terzopoulos has fashioned more with an overestimation of only seven those of their modern-day tree sloth than just a cool screen saver — he has per cent when correct prescribing de- cousins — and were probably capable given his animated characters the cisions were made (ie. the culture was of walking on their hind legs. ability to think. A hungry shark positive and antibiotics were pre- SUE TOYE circles ominously, looking for a nice scribed). “Family doctors can’t always Focus on fitness skills, meal, while a nervous merman make a precise diagnosis with only attitudes that endure searches for a place to hide. When the patient’s story and clinical findings to rely on,” said Professor Warren Daily physical education programs the shark swims away, the merman McIsaac of family and community for children in primary school do not dashes from behind large rocks to medicine and a family physician at guarantee more physically fit adults, open water with the shark in hot Mount Sinai Hospital. “However, says a new study in the latest issue of pursuit. Will his cleverly devised plan we currently don’t have acceptable the American Journal of Human Biology. allow him to reach safety or not? diagnostic tools that give you an The study, co-authored by “This is more than artificial in- immediate answer.” Professor Emeritus Roy Shephard of telligence,” said Terzopoulos. “It’s McIsaac said the rapid testing the Faculty of Physical Education and artificial life. Computer graphics, method widely used in the United Health, found that children who had animation and virtual reality have States is quick but results are unreli- a specially designed daily activity advanced dramatically over the past able and often warrant a throat program in grades 1 to 6 showed no decade. We are now able to create swab anyway. The two- to three-day advantages in aerobic fitness 20 characters that are self-animating waiting period for results is also years later over adults of the same age with functional bodies and brains unacceptable for patients who want who were not in the program. This that have behaviour, perception, immediate relief and for doctors who finding, Shephard said, emphasizes learning and cognition centres.” feel pressured to make a decision about the need for programs to continue throughout the adolescent years Terzopoulos and his former stu- antibiotics. “Family doctors have made and for physical educators to focus on dents have developed the cognitive the best of a difficult situation,” he developing lasting skills and atti- modelling language that enables said, adding that only 10 to 20 per cent of sore throats test positive for strep. tudes. “A well-designed, regular animated characters to reason. For “Forty per cent of the population gets program in primary school with example, it enabled the virtual mer- antibiotics at least once per year, mak- long-term goals in mind can increase man to formulate a plan of action by ing a seemingly trivial sore throat a lifelong involvement in physical reasoning about his situation, given great cost to society when it’s played activity, which is critical for health.” certain knowledge such as the fact out thousands of times across the The study compares men and that he cannot outrun sharks but can country every day.” women who were in the daily pro- use underwater rocks to hide. “With STEVEN DE SOUSA gram as children with those in a one- cognitively empowered graphical day-per-week program. Researchers characters, the animator need only Fossel discovery and measured fitness indicators such as specify a behaviour outline and, patterns of evolution strength, cardiovascular function, through reasoning, the character will The U of T discovery of fossilized re- cholesterol levels and percentage of automatically work out a detailed mains of a new species of giant ground body fat as well as current activity sequence of actions” sloth is challenging the theory of evo- levels and lifestyle. The study fol- The potential for future applica- lutionary change of fauna between lows up one in the early 1980s that examined the immediate impact of tions are immense, Terzopoulos said. North and South America. daily physical activity on children. Cognitive modelling and the cog- Gerardo De Iuliis, a graduate and One of the advantages demon- nitive modelling language can be- teacher in zoology, and a Brazilian colleague discovered in Citrus County, strated by adults from the daily come powerful tools for scientists, Fla., fossilized skeletons of giant program was on a balance test, animators and game developers. His sloths that likely existed over two showing that early training has paper, co-written with John Funge million years ago. “These giant residual effects on some motor and Xiaoyuan Tu, was published sloths were among the earliest functions. Researchers also found at the 1999 ACM SIGGRAPH mammals and the largest to migrate that females from the daily pro- conference, the premier forum for from South America to North gram had greater physical activity research in computer graphics. America after the formation of the habits as adults. JANET WONG Panamanian land bridge (present-day MEGAN EASTON

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 12 — MONDAY, MARCH 13, 2000 COMMENTARY A BITTER PILL An aging Ontario population faces a critical shortage of pharmacists at exactly the time it needs them most BY WAYNE HINDMARSH

HE PROFESSION OF PHARMACY IS CURRENTLY maintenance and long-term disease monitoring and man- experiencing a shortage of pharmacists, a short- agement, changing consumer expectations, complex drug Tage apparent in all areas of practice. In some hos- regimens, interfaces between drugs, lifestyles and nutrition, pital pharmacies it is as high as 25 per cent and commu- community-based care and seamless care are but a few of nity pharmacy is affected in all regions of the country. the factors that will create a continued demand for Despite an increase in the actual number of licences to patient-focused pharmacists. practise pharmacy issued annually in Ontario the demand The emergence of a shortage of pharmacists in Ontario continues to exceed supply. Employers are forced to recruit over the past few years — and the resulting reliance on pharmacists for Ontario from other jurisdictions: pharmacists educated in other provinces or countries to other provinces and other countries. join the Ontario workforce — is causing some strain be- JENNIFER HERBERT Although issues related to staffing demands in phar- tween the university and those who employ pharmacists. macy are complex, it is nonetheless reasonable to assume While the faculty is prepared to increase enrolment to sat- that factors include demographics, the increase in demand isfy some of this need, pharmacist supply and demand pat- for patient-focused practitioners, consumer demand for terns are extremely complicated and even the increase service leading to an expansion in pharmacy hours, planned by the faculty may only provide a temporary increase in career opportunities in the pharmaceutical, respite to the problem. biotechnology and insurance industries, which has drawn The demographics of health care needs of the citizens of pharmacists out of traditional positions in hospital and Ontario point to a greatly increasing number of prescrip- community pharmacies, and a failure to invest in university tions to be dispensed as the baby boom generation ages. The programs, meaning that the number of students gradu- response to this demand will likely require significant struc- ating has failed to keep up with the demand. Further, the tural changes in the profession by the regulatory body for immense shortage south of the border has seen Canadian the profession, the Ontario College of Pharmacists, such pharmacists, particularly those early in their careers, being a far greater emphasis on problem-based teaching and learning as more duties assigned to trained technicians, and by pharmacy recruited with attractive job offers. as well as structured experiences in pharmacy practice. The owners — for example, the use of automation and other forms The Faculty of Pharmacy at the University of Toronto resource-intensive requirements of this new curriculum meant of technology, restricting job duties of pharmacists to tasks that implemented a revised curriculum in 1994. The focus of the student intake had to be limited. need the pharmacist’s knowledge and competency. revision — a change in admission requirements — and a decrease As Canada’s population ages and as the baby boom generation The Faculty of Pharmacy cannot be expected to bear the bur- in enrolment enabled the faculty to offer an outstanding BScPhm begins to need and utilize the health care system to an ever den of workforce pressures solely by increasing the graduating curriculum that focuses on preparing students to acquire and increasing extent, patients’ needs for pharmacists’ services will stock of pharmacists without a co-ordinated response on develop the requisite knowledge, skills and attitudes to provide grow. New technologies and sophistication in drug design behalf of the college of pharmacists and employers to deal with pharmaceutical care in practice. coupled with lifestyle modifications mean that Canadians are some more underlying structural aspects of the practice of Developing and assessing students’ ability to use knowledge living longer. Effective use of drug therapies may have a positive pharmacy as well. effectively to care for patients in identifying, preventing and re- effect on this life extension and therefore the need for pharma- solving drug-related problems, meant that the curriculum placed cists’ expertise in individualizing patient care will increase. Health Professor Wayne Hindmarsh is dean of the Faculty of Pharmacy.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 13 — MONDAY, MARCH 13, 2000 PROFILE

THEATRES OF WAR A doctor and humanitarian tells the stories of children and women in war-torn nations around the world BY MEGAN EASTON

SATEENAGERDR.SAMANTHA in more money going to the area for Nutt aspired to a career on the different initiatives, that’s when I start Astage, telling tales of characters to feel like I’m doing the real work.” dreamed up by writers. Today she lives The reports have many common much of her life in theatres of war threads because the same patterns around the world where real people live emerge over and over again in regions of horrors undreamt of in most people’s conflict, Nutt says, including violence imaginations. against women, infectious diseases, mal- Yet as a doctor, humanitarian worker nutrition and poor maternal health. and director of U of T’s international Sometimes the problems seem insur- health fellowship program, Nutt still mountable but she finds hope in build- considers the heart of her job to be story- ing grassroots networks for the future. telling. In her missions to Burundi, “You have to remember that as outsiders Liberia and other places where civilians going in, the degree to which you can have been torn apart by war, she explores, make a difference is minimal. But what writes about and essentially tells the you can do is empower local people. story of human devastation in order to We’re not the heroes — the heroes are rally the support needed for the healing the local people who get up every day to begin. and go into these clinics and care for “It’s important for people to feel like people because they need help.” they’re being listened to and that the The other heroes in war, Nutt says, outside world actually cares,” says the 30- are children. “I’ve seen kids who have year-old who looks and sounds much been through so much who can still sit younger than her years. “So I think that when you go into countries; her thesis work involved joining a UNICEF team with you, put their arm around you and smile.” She believes these situations you’re showing that they are not forgotten and in Somalia examining maternal and child health after the war. youth are the key to conflict resolution, a conviction that led that their experiences matter and deserve to be understood “It was surreal,” she says of her first time in a war zone. to her founding and directing the Canadian chapter of War and recognized.” Having never seen a real gun or flown in anything smaller Child — an international non-profit organization that Nutt didn’t always know she wanted to be a doctor, let alone than a 747, Nutt was suddenly flying in dilapidated six-seater supports rehabilitation programs for children of war — last a doctor who treks around the world investigating the impact planes and driving with men carrying assault rifles and year. of war on women and children. The Toronto native was a true missiles in their jeeps. But she soon forgot her anxiety as Here in Canada, War Child is attracting the attention of arts student as a teen — passionate about drama and terrible she became engrossed in her work with Somali women. thousands of young people. Much Music helped launch its at chemistry. A year at a cutthroat British drama school after This trip led to other volunteer projects focused on the youth awareness and action campaign, Generation Peace, with graduation turned her off acting and her fascination with health of women and children in post-war regions which she Toronto’s New Year’s Eve concert. “I think we underestimate other people’s life experiences led her to international studies combined with her specialization at U of T in public health the capacity of the next generation,” she says. “I am completely at McMaster University, including international health, and and preventive medicine and a sub-specialty in women’s health amazed by their compassion, enthusiasm and activism.” finally to medical school. After some initial disillusionment at Women’s College Hospital. Three years ago she founded Nutt is quick to point out that she is just one individual in with the grind of clinics, research and other med school the international fellowship program at U of T to give other a network of dedicated people working for the same things. responsibilities, she discovered public health and found her students a chance to go overseas and apply their skills with a Her own drive, she says, comes from a belief in the transfor- niche. “I started to see health as a way to get at the broader non-governmental organization. mative power of getting the word out about war’s impact. “It’s issues, the human rights issues,” she says. In her own international work Nutt says she chooses to the opportunity to tell the stories of people who haven’t yet Her first foray on the international scene was to the Middle leave the clinical medicine to those more skilled in the art and had the chance to be heard ... the opportunity to give the East to research immunization services for children. Then she instead acts as an independent observer and advocate. “When issues a voice — whether it’s me, the young people we work went to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical I take the information and turn it into something tangible — with or the music artists saying it. Eventually someone is Medicine to do a master’s in public health in developing the reports that are submitted for funding — and that results going to listen, and that’s what keeps me coming to work.”

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 14 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 LETTERS

UNIVERSITY’S CENTRAL after all, guide our ultimate LAYMAN’S VERSION OF states predicted by mathematics sense is right. It does not make MISSION UNDERMINED direction as an institution. “BUTTERFLY EFFECT” have counterparts in nature such sense to speak of one butterfly Albert Pietersma has done a fine While the situation in our own MISLEADING as turbulence in fluids, and yes, “causing” anything to do with the job of highlighting the real dam- department is not nearly as dire In the Jan. 24 issue of The the weather, and now we learn weather. The weather at any time age being done to the university’s as Professor Pietersma’s descrip- Bulletin, buried in the good news from Professor Murray in the is a result of an infinite number best traditions by the failure to tion of Near and Middle Eastern story about our colleague motions of celestial bodies. The of “causes,” each playing its own sustain fundamental disciplines civilizations, we do have real con- Norman Murray’s award from equations have the property that part. I just wish that journalists, in the humanities (Paring Our cerns about how this tendency to Science, was an statement about a tiny change in how the system and scientists too, would stop Intellectual Core, Forum, Feb. starve the humanities is affecting chaos theory (Chaos “Rules”). It starts can produce a very large, using this — admittedly tempting 14). As members of a social sci- our own discipline. Political sci- was the oft-repeated layman’s disproportionate, response. To — but misleading aphorism. ence department, we are writing ence is somewhat unusual insofar version of what has come to be emphasize this truly dramatic both to express solidarity with as it is a social science department known as the “butterfly effect,” fact, the layman’s version of the BERNARD ETKIN sister disciplines in the humani- that also houses an important that is, “the flapping a butterfly’s butterfly effect was coined. AEROSPACE STUDIES ties that are suffering these humanities sub-discipline (namely wings in South American could The state of the atmosphere destructive cuts and to let col- political theory). In fact, our lead to a typhoon in Malaysia.” (real or a model) at any given NAMING OF GRADUATE leagues across the university department’s commitment to this This statement is a journalist’s time is not only a consequence of HOUSE CURIOUS know that it’s not just those in branch of the humanities has to a dream — it flies in the face of a set of initial conditions at some I find it commendable, though humanities departments who feel large extent shaped the distinc- common sense; it is associated earlier time but is also the curious, that the university has dismay and alarm when these dis- tiveness of our department and with the intriguing word and response to all the inputs it has named the new residence at ciplines are forced to contract. As contributed in no small measure notion “chaos”; it is a simple experienced in the interval in Harbord and Spadina Graduate Professor Pietersma conveys very to its international profile. This, declarative statement; and it between. One of these inputs House and not prostrated itself well, a contraction of the human- one might assume, would be suf- comes from impeccable scientific might come from our chosen before yet another corporate or private donor by awarding nam- ities-based core of our enterprise ficient reason to keep it strong authority. Defying common sense butterfly but there is an infinity ing rights (Graduate/second undermines the central mission of and well staffed. But again, the is not a good enough reason to of others: from butterflies, birds entry residence named, Feb. 14.) the university. jinx suffered by the humanities disbelieve, however, as witness and bats, from cows and care; I wonder if this decision is owed What is our mission? A central applies to us: positions are lost the theory of relativity. So no from airplanes and chimney to protests about the selling out and a rich tradition within the stacks. Each and every one of part of it, surely, is to provide doubt many are likely to read it of academic freedom or the luke- university is diminished. these events, minuscule as each intellectual guardianship for what as a true statement of cause-and- warm reception of the building’s Professor Pietersma is right: one may be in relation to the the past can teach us and to effect, even though “could lead design, which has perhaps driven nourish the resources provided by those who help shape the university’s to” is not a strong causal state- scale of the atmosphere, can in off all those wealthy enough to a humanistic culture for the most priorities aren’t fully honouring our ment. It does not serve the cause principle influence the later “deserve” the honour. reflective engagement with the “national responsibility as Canada’s of science to have nonsense weather. But even the sum of all present. It’s not very surprising premier, publicly funded university” believed as scientific truth, so the these pale by comparison with PATRICK FOTHERGILL that this task of cultural and it’s time the university com- truth of this aphorism should be the principal external drivers of UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT, guardianship means little to munity as a whole began a debate questioned. the weather, solar radiation and ARTS AND SCIENCE short-sighted politicians who on what many of us regard as this The “butterfly effect” as under- rotation of the Earth. Finally, the prefer a much more directly abdication of our mission. stood by applied mathematicians laws of fluid mechanics assure us HUTCHEON FOURTH instrumentalist conception of is of course quite real. In effect it that any disturbance so small as CANADIAN PRESIDENT higher education; but it is sur- RONALD BEINER states that the solutions to certain could be caused by a butterfly I write in reference to the article prising, and extremely depressing, PETER RUSSELL mathematical equations, including would decay to the level of ran- Hutcheon Elected MLA when this intellectual responsibil- RICHARD SANDBROOK those that model the weather, can dom molecular motion within President (Feb. 14) and would ity also goes unappreciated by AND 13 OTHER COLLEAGUES IN exhibit behaviour aptly described a few metres. remind you that Professor university administrators who, POLITICAL SCIENCE as chaotic. Moreover the chaotic Clearly in this case common ~Continued on Page 16~

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 15 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 LETTERS BOOKS

~Continued From Page 15~ CONSIDER THE EVIDENCE As, for example, that, well short of active racism but similarly Hutcheon is not the third but IN CHUN CASE The following are books by U of T the theoretical-historical basis for rather the fourth Canadian presi- I’d like to respond to Tanya damaging, a strong sense of “us staff. Where there is multiple a current national movement in dent of the Modern Language Bailey’s letter (U of T culturally and them” comes naturally to authorship or editorship, staff are strategically located territory with- Association of America. The first and racially diverse, Feb. 14). I’m many of us, keeping us conserva- indicated with an asterisk. in the former Soviet empire, it also Canadian to head the MLA was glad her university experience so tive and lazy-minded until some- provides texts that reveal in practi- the late Milton A. Buchanan of far has convinced her of the fair- thing wakes us up to its work- The Future of Social Democracy: cal and concrete ways how the the department of Italian and ness of campus hiring practices; ings. And again, that institutions View of Leaders From Around movement has been carried out. Spanish at the University of in general I don’t doubt her faith are not human beings writ large: the World, edited by Peter Toronto. He served as president is justified. But some very curious they are very different life forms, Russell (U of T Press; 176 pages; Diary of a European Tour, 1900, in l932 and was succeeded by $50 cloth, $19.95 paper). In this edited by Jean O’Grady (McGill- things have happened to individ- alien to motives like decency or Northrop Frye in l976 and Mario book 10 former leaders of social Queen’s University Press; 197 uals in the recent past and the shame. A wise old administrator Valdés in l99l. democratic parties and govern- pages; $39.95). This is the first story of Dr. Kin-Yip Chun, once told me, “You learn to keep ments from four continents edition of Margaret Addison’s things stalled; time will take care KURT LEVY which she cites, is one of them. express their views on the agenda unpublished diary, written during of most of your problems.” At SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE Let me assure her that, far from of social democracy for the next her foreign tour, an important having an “irascible personality,” the time I didn’t take it in; after century. With realistic optimism preliminary to her career as the THUNDER FROM AFAR he is a cheerful, friendly fellow four years plus with Dr. Chun’s they accept the existing market first dean of women at Victoria Although not yet president, with a healthy sense of humour campaign, I can say I grasp it now. economy and inescapable global- College from 1903 to 1931. It not Robert Birgeneau has all by him- — perhaps surprisingly, consider- Ms. Bailey is right not to believe ization but challenge neo-liberal- only gives a vivid picture of self proclaimed that henceforth ing the attempts made over the everything she hears; but has she ism’s absolute faith in market tourism at the turn of the century the University of Toronto will be last 10 or so years to get rid of considered the evidence before solutions and present a strong it also shows how a young woman committed to “diversity,” a code him or keep him quiet and the making up her mind? The Ontario case for humane public interven- from the colonies reacted to the word for affirmative action, itself Human Rights Commission tion to ensure increases in wealth cultural life of the old world and a euphemism for a system of resulting hardships for him and report is a very instructive docu- are directed to fulfilling the high- adapted its lessons to the higher quotas and reverse discrimina- his family. ment, citing some recent legal est potential for all humankind. education of women in Canada. tion. He also has a clear warning Before I became involved with this case, I assumed, like her, that decisions and definitions: she can for those who don’t share his Of the Making of Nationalities The Uncoded World: A Poetic find it on the Chun Web site, view — shape up or ship out: we had no equity problems on There Is No End, by Paul Robert Semiosis of the Wandered,by www.utoronto.ca /acc/chun/. “... in meetings with the U of T this campus — that we were in Magocsi (East European Mono- Vivan Darroch-Lozowski (Peter administration,” Birgeneau said, all ways wisely and benevolently graphs, Columbia University Lang Publications; 264 pages; “I emphasized to them diversity governed — that individuals JAY MACPHERSON Press; two volumes, 520 pages $51.95 US). The focus of the book is one of the high priorities that I standing out against the institu- VICTORIA COLLEGE and 560 pages; $56 US each vol- is on how the understanding and expected everybody in a leader- tion were mostly cantankerous ume). Since the fall of making of signs and symbols can ship position in the university to trouble-makers. Speaking entirely LETTERS DEADLINES Communism in 1989 many new be enriched when the felt knowl- be committed to. If they weren’t, for myself, I think now that nation-states have come into exis- edge of the human body is inte- they should find something else “insensitive” would be a MARCH 17 FOR MARCH 27 tence and several previously grated with thought. Applying to do” (The Toronto Star,Feb.8). repressed nationalities have been postmodern and semiotic concepts euphemism for this attitude: MARCH 31 FOR APRIL 10 Thunder from afar as the able to function as legally recog- as well as metaphors and allegory, I was plain stupid. Happily Letters may be edited for brevity conqueror approaches. Rome nized entities. One of those the study takes up the task of my education didn’t end there, or clarity. When submitting must be nervous. revived nationalities is the bringing the uncoded world into though much of what I continue letters, please include a telephone Carpatho-Rusyns. Using this human studies and philosophy LEO ZAKUTA to learn, about myself and the number and, if possible, an e- group as an example the collec- without violating the uncoded SOCIOLOGY world around me, isn’t pleasant. mail address. tion of 42 essays reveals not only world’s integrity and wholeness.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 16 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 CLASSIFIED

A classified ad costs $15 for up to 35 words and $.50 for each additional word (maximum 70). Your phone number counts as one word, but the components of your address will each be counted as a word, e-mail addresses count as two words. A cheque or money order payable to University of Toronto must accompany your ad. Ads must be submitted in writing, 10 days before The Bulletin publication date, to Nancy Bush, Department of Public Affairs, 21 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3J3. Ads will not be accepted over the phone. To receive a tearsheet and/or receipt please include a stamped self-addressed envelope. For more information please call (416) 978-2106 or e-mail [email protected]. classifieds Bull MUST mid-May 2000 — August 2001 (negotiable). SCOTLAND. Quiet Edinburgh apartment, in Arts Building (St. George and Bloor). (416) MASSAGE for aches, pains and stress. 31 ACCOMMODATION (416) 461-3414, [email protected] 1860s private house, sleeps 4. To rent weekly 961-8962. years’ experience. I will bill Liberty Health for RENTALS AVAILABLE to careful, non-smoking visitors. (Regret no the full cost. St. George/Bloor. Ann Ruebottom, Rentals– M AvailableETRO — Metro& A & REAArea – June-July rental (4-6 weeks), Church-Bloor, children.) Phone/fax R. Sym: (Edinburgh) 0131- Individual psychotherapy for personal and B.A., R.M.T. (416) 960-1768. 15-minute walk to university. Sunny, spacious, 447-2735 for more details or Toronto (416) relationship problems, mental health needs, Pied à terre in Toronto. Room in beautifully fully furnished, 2-bedroom condo, small luxu- 425-0453. [email protected] personal growth; issues related to disability. Day REGISTERED MASSAGE THERAPY. restored Victorian house. Near TTC. Non-smok- ry building. 2 bathrooms, solarium, laundry, or evening appointments available. Dr. Carol For relief of muscle tension, chronic pain and er. $35/night. Monthly rate available. Call 534- cable, pool, roof garden, 24-hour concierge- House exchange in French-speaking Musselman, Registered Psychologist, 252 Bloor stress. Treatments are part of your extended 1956. security. $2,000/4 weeks, utilities included. Belgium. 5-bedroom house, fully furnished, Street West (923-6641, ext. 2448). May be health care plan. 170 St. George Street (at (416) 972-9827, [email protected] backyard, in quiet area, 5 minutes from down- covered by UT health insurance. Bloor). For appointment call Mindy Hsu, B.A., Sabbatical rental. Furnished 3-bedroom, town Liege, Germany 30 minutes, Holland 15 R.M.T. (416) 944-1312. 2-bathroom family home with garden near Fully furnished 3-bedroom home at Yonge minutes, Paris 2 1/2 hours. Seeking 1-year ex- Psychologist providing individual and Christie and Bloor. August 2000 - July 2001, ne- & Eglinton. TTC, garden, parking, laundry. change starting July 2001. [email protected] couple therapy. Work stress, anxiety, depres- LEARN TO MEDITATE. We offer the tools to gotiable. Thirty-minute walk to U of T, close to April — October 2000. Suit couple, non-smok- sion, personal and relationship concerns. help you live with a compassionate heart and buses, subway, schools, shopping, libraries, ers. $2,000 inclusive. (416) 483-4479. South of France, Languedoc. Rustic, fully U of T health plan covers cost. Dr. Sarah a clear mind. Ongoing day and evening class- parks, community centres. No smoking, no equipped stone house, secluded terraced Maddocks, registered psychologist, 114 es. Friends of the Heart (416) 486-5105 or pets. $1,800 + utilities. (416) 978-4993, Annex-Madison. Lovely bachelor and one- garden in remote, undiscovered village. Maitland Street (Wellesley & Jarvis). 972-1935 www.interlog.com/~foh [email protected] bedroom apartments in grand older home. Spectacular views, magnificent hiking, day ext. 3321. Immaculate, quiet, smoke-/pet-free. Walk to trips to markets, vineyards, Roquefort, Nimes, PHYSIOTHERAPY + MASSAGE. Traditionally furnished, carpeted, two- U of T and ROM. $975 to $1,800 a month Montpellier. Sleeps 7. $500/ week, (negotiable Dr. Martin Antony (Psychologist) & We provide multidisciplinary assessment and bedroom apartment in Toronto with balcony in inclusive. Short-/long-term. (416) 967-6474 or off season for sabbaticals). Please call (416) 925 Associates. Practising in assessment and short- treatment of neck & back pain, headaches, secure building, on High Park subway. $1,200 fax (416) 967-9382. 7582 or e-mail [email protected] term, cognitive-behavioural treatment of anx- car accidents, sports injuries, repetitive strain monthly including hydro, cable and telephone. iety and mood problems, including: fears/pho- injuries. Services available: physiotherapy, mas- Bachelor sublet, College and Yonge. Suit mature couple. Mid-May to mid-October. bias, social and performance anxiety, panic sage, shiatsu, chiropractic, active rehab, foot- Unfurnished apartment at The Maples available BED & BREAKFAST (416) 763-3125. Bed and Breakfast attacks, agoraphobia, chronic worry/stress, care/orthotics. U of T extended health benefits May 1 to August 31. Building amenities include obsessions/compulsions, and depression/low apply. AIM Downtown West Physiotherapy, air conditioning, laundry, pool, exercise room Annex — Bathurst-Bloor. Spacious 3-bed- TO’s BEST B&B: Wedgewood House. self-esteem. U of T staff extended health care 951 Dufferin Street (south of Bloor). Call: (416) and sauna. Underground parking available. Excellent rates, outstanding value. Great break- room apartment on 2nd & 3rd floor of house. benefits provide full coverage. Daytime, 533-4933. Hardwood floors. Living/dining, kitchenette. One minute from subway. (416) 217-0680. fasts. Lovely, bright, spacious house on historic evening, and weekend appointments Very clean. No pets/no smokers. (905) 850- street. Quiet and hospitable. Smoke-/pet-free. available. Medical Arts Building (St. George HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE. Riverdale 0266. Parking. Short walk to U of T, ROM, Yorkville. Homeopathic Clinic offers classical homeo- ACCOMMODATION and Bloor). (416) 994-9722. (416) 928-0619. pathic treatment for a wide range of acute Cabbagetown Victorian, furnished, lots of RentalsRENTALS Required REQUIRED Psychotherapy for personal and rela- and chronic conditions. Rosemary Di Leo, BSc, character, 4 floors, 3 bedrooms, roof deck, fin- $25/$35 per night single/double, Annex, DHMS; Violeta Nastase, MD (Romania), DHMS; tionship issues. Individual, group and cou- ished basement with 2 rooms, laundry, sauna, 3/4 bedroom family house, partially/fully 600 metres to Robarts, 7-night minimum, no David Brule, BA, DHMS. 348 Danforth Avenue, ple therapy. U of T extended health plan pro- 2 1/2 baths, gardens, 20-minute walk to cam- furnished, appliances, garden, required from breakfast but share new kitchen; free private #207. (416) 778-0085. vides coverage. For a consultation call Dr. pus. $2,200 + utilities. June 2000 — July 2001. mid-May 2000. Short- or long-term rental. E- phone line, TV, laundry. Smoke-free, pet-free, (416) 921-1002. mail [email protected], tel. home: quiet and civilized, for visiting academics and Heather A. White, Psychologist, 535-9432, 140 (64 9) 630-1139, business: (64 9) 373-7599 post-docs. http://members.home.net/5201 Albany Avenue (Bathurst/Bloor). MISCELLANY A bright furnished room in a quiet Victorian x2587, fax: (64 9) 373-7497. (416) 200-4037 or [email protected] Miscellany house to let by the week ($200) or month Full range of psychological services of- TRAVEL-teach English. 5-day/40-hour TESOL ($650) overlooking garden. Enjoy a friendly, di- Sabbatical housing needed: one-bedroom Annex Guesthouse. Bed & breakfast. Walk fered by Dr. K.P. Simmons. Call (416) 920-5303 teacher certification course, Toronto April 3-7 verse neighbourhood, fifteen minutes to uni- or studio, within 2.5 km of Bloor-St. George in- to Robarts Library. Self-contained suite or if troubled by trauma, anxiety, depression, pho- (or by correspondence). 1,000s of jobs available versity by streetcar and close to centre. All tersection, entrance accessible to handicap rooms with shared bath. (416) 588-0560. bia or relationship issues. Location: 170 St. NOW. FREE information package. Toll free amenities included. (416) 406-9946. scooter, quiet, air-conditioned, ideally available George Street, Suite 409 - Medical Arts Building. 1-888-270-2941. [email protected] June 1, 2000 to August 31, 2001 but would HOUSES & accept move-in date up to August 20, 2000. Dr. Shalom Camenietzki, Clinical INCOME TAX PREPARATION — FREE PROPERTIES Annex. Sunny,large, 1-bedroom basement Contact David Fott at [email protected] or Psychologist. Fellow of the Canadian and CONSULTATION. Canadian and U.S. Fast Houses & Properties for Sale apartment, private entrance, huge bath- call collect (702) 893-6018. FOR SALE American Group Psychotherapy Associations. turnaround. Experienced personalized profes- room/closets, lovely pine walls, laundry; steps Over 30 years of experience. Individual and sional services, planning and advice on all tax, Prince Edward Island. Vacant building lot to university, subway, shops, cafés, organic Physician’s family requires house to lease group psychotherapy. Marriage counselling. business and financial matters. Sidney S. Ross, for sale. 1/3 acre bordering paved road. Located market. Parking available. May 1. $875 in- (starting July 1, 2000) in the Bayview/York Anxiety. Depression. Relationships. Family-of- Chartered Accountant, 2345 Yonge Street, in Kings County, 200 metres from Savage cluding utilities and cable. (416) 535-1584. Mills area. Must be within the Owen Public origin work. Dysfunctional families. Stress at Suite 300. Tel. 485-6069, fax 480-9861. School district. Call (416) 383-9636 or e-mail Harbour Inlet on north shore, between the vil- home and at work. Social phobias. Personality lages of St. Andrews and French Village. Short Pied à terre. Spacious ground floor, charm- [email protected] assessments. Emotional intelligence. Fees cov- BOOKS! BOOKS! Recycle your surplus drive to the beaches of PEI National Park, 30 ered fully or partially by U of T extended health now through the annual University College ingly furnished, 1 BR, renovated Cabbagetown kilometres to Charlottetown. $9,900. Phone Accommodation/house swap sought by benefits. 60 St. Clair Avenue East, Suite 603. Book Sale. Proceeds support college library. For Victorian. $67 per night including (905) 826-2689 or (905) 273-5943. utilities/cable/2-car parking. Private entrance. Australian law professor and family for fall Phone: (416) 929-7480. Toronto-wide pickup phone (416) 978-0372 or semester 2000. Minimum 3 bedrooms, acces- fax (416) 978-3802. Garden. Non-smoking single person. Health Services Minimum 2 weeks. (416) 359-0380, kimgalv@ sible to U of T. Can offer exchange large house FAMILY MEDIATION: A co-operative process in Adelaide, South Australia (swimming pool, HEALTH SERVICES pathcom.com that enables separating couples to develop BOOKLOVERS ARE INVITED to browse and views, koala). Contact: andrew.goldsmith@ their own solutions to issues such as custody buy in the Bookroom, University College flinders.edu.au PERSONAL COUNSELLING in a caring, con- Furnished, traditional North Toronto and support. The reduced conflict has Cloisters Room B101. We offer a selection of fidential environment. U of T extended health home: 3 bedrooms plus study, main-floor fam- immediate and long-lasting benefit for all choice used books. Open 12-4, Monday to Academic/professional couple seek fur- benefits provide excellent coverage. Evening ily room, fireplace, central a/c, charming city parties. Peggy O’Leary, M.Ed., C.Psych. Assoc. Friday. Proceeds to the College library and nished home. Short-/long-term from August garden. Close to subway, excellent schools, appointments available. Dr. Ellen Greenberg, 324-9444. student projects. 2000 (flexible). Call Paul or Jodie (416) 782- shopping, park, tennis courts. August 1, 2000 Registered Psychologist, The Medical Arts 5468 (h) or [email protected] - July 31, 2001 (dates flexible). $2,600/month. Building, 170 St. George Street. 944-3799. Electrolysis, facials (50% off 1st TRT). Think in Spanish. Our instructors have either (416) 487-0104, [email protected] Waxing. Peeling. Men & women. Certified elec- a master’s or Ph.D. degree in Spanish. Our Canadian-German couple, both teachers, INDIVIDUAL AND COUPLE THERAPY. trologists. Safe, sterile. Introductory offer, pack- courses focus on developing speaking skills. seek a central Toronto home to housesit for a House, Sackville-Queen, April 25 — August Experienced in psychotherapy for anxiety, de- ages available. 7 days. Lowest prices downtown. $209 for ten 2.25 hour classes (including tax year beginning August 2000. Fax: 011-49-40- 31, 2000. 3 storeys, partially furnished, 3 bed- pression and relationship problems. Coverage Bay Street Clinic: 1033 Bay, #322, 921-1357; and materials). Beg/Int/Adv levels. Location: 39-21-28. E-mail: [email protected] rooms, 2 bathrooms, all appliances, 2 decks, under staff and faculty benefits. Dr. Gale Bildfell, Medical Arts Building, 170 St. George, #700, U of T or York U. Think in Spanish: (416) 258- central A/C, security, parking. Non-smokers Registered Psychologist, 114 Maitland Street 924-2355. North York 398-9883. 9975. only. $2,000/month inclusive. (416) 504-2338, (Wellesley & Jarvis). 972-6789. Out Aof TownCCOMMODATION [email protected] OUT OF TOWN Individual psychotherapy for adults. High Park — spacious 1-bedroom, walk-out Evening hours available. Extended benefits Ottawa? For only $17 per night stay at deck with yard, eat-in kitchen, 2 bathrooms, coverage for U of T staff. Dr. Paula Gardner, Ottawa’s newest hostel. The Ottawa hardwood floors, bay window, 5 minutes from Registered Psychologist, 114 Maitland Street Backpackers Inn is downtown and close to Keele subway, washer/dryer. Available April 1. (Wellesley and Jarvis). 469-6317. the university. High-speed Internet and free Inclusive $1,175. Call (416) 763-0246. coffee. www.ottawahostel.com 1-888-394- PSYCHOANALYTIC PSYCHOTHERAPY with 0334. Summer rental. Furnished Annex home a Registered Psychologist. Dr. June Higgins, The available for August 2000. 3 bedrooms, 2 bath- Medical Arts Building, 170 St. George Street Lonely Victorian farmhouse near Beaver rooms. No smokers or pets. Self-contained (Bloor and St. George). 928-3460. Valley seeks caring, country-wise companions quiet lodger on 3rd floor. $1,200+. Call (416) to share rural pleasures and tranquility. Close 532-8781. to skiing, boating, Bruce Trail. Furnished and Dr. Gina Fisher, Registered Psychologist. equipped; 3 bedrooms. Reasonable. (604) 685- Psychotherapy for depression, anxiety, rela- Summer rental, Bloor & St. George. 4678 or [email protected] tionship problems, stress, gay/lesbian issues, Large, immaculate, well-furnished, renovated women’s issues. U of T extended health ben- 1+ bedroom. Steps to subway and Robarts efits apply. Evening appointments available. Library. Available to non-smokers May 1 to ACCOMMODATION The Medical Arts Building (St. George and September 1. $1,000/month. (905) 881-7093, Overseas OVERSEAS Bloor). (416) 961-8962. [email protected] or raymond. [email protected] France, Nice, French Riviera. Modern Dr. Dvora Trachtenberg, Registered apartment, furnished and equipped for 2, close Psychologist. Individual, couple, marital Sabbatical house. 3-bedroom, renovated, to all amenities. Beautiful view and large bal- psychotherapy for depression; anxiety; work, south Riverdale. Quiet tree-lined street. Steps cony, 10 minutes from the sea, 40 minutes family, relationship problems; sexual orienta- to College streetcar. 5 appliances, deck, off- from ski resort. Available 2 or more weeks. Call tion, women’s issues. U of T health benefits street parking. $1,400/month. Available evenings (905) 274-9085. apply. Day or evening appointments. Medical

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 17 — MONDAY, MARCH 13, 2000 EVENTS

Lectures College St. 4 p.m. Environmental Studies Lanthanide Ions as Redox Probes Growth Factors and the 2053 Wilson Hall, New College. Noon and Gage Occupational & Environmental of Long-Range Electron Transfer Regulation of Embryonic to 1:50 p.m. Tickets $10, students $5. Heath Unit in Proteins. Development. “Template Dogs” and the FRIDAY,MARCH 17 FRIDAY,MARCH 17 The Problem of Urban Crime: Prof. William Horrocks, Pennsylvania Prof. Gary Paterno, Memorial University Interpretive Moment in Ivan London, 1660-1750. State University. 158 Lash Miller of Newfoundland. 3127 South Building, Pavlov’s Studies of Digestive THURSDAY,MARCH 23 Chemical Laboratories. 3:30 p.m. U of T at Mississauga. Noon. Erindale Physiology. University Prof. Em. John Beattie, histo- Chemistry Biology THURSDAY,MARCH 23 LECTURES ry and criminology; John Ll.J. Edwards Prof. Daniel Todes, Johns Hopkins memorial lecture. 205 Claude T. Bissell Green Energy and Deregulation Is There a Need for a America’s Great Game in Tibet. University; Hannah seminar for the his- Building, 140 St. George St. 4:30 p.m. of the Energy Market in Ontario: Layperson on an REB? FRIDAY,MARCH 17 tory of medicine. Great Hall, 88 College Criminology, Law and Woodsworth College St. 4 to 6 p.m. History of Medicine A Public Perspective. WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 Ken Knaus, Harvard University. 108 Koffler Institute for Pharmacy WEDNESDAY,MARCH 15 R. Williams, Joint Centre for Bioethics. Making a Modern Management. 1 to 3 p.m. Joint Centre for Prof. Daniel Scott, University of Dean’s Conference Room, Medical Sons of the Soil, Immigrants Biographical Dictionary. Asia Pacific Studies. Waterloo. 2093 Earth Sciences Centre. Sciences Building. Noon. Research and Ethnic Rebellion. THURSDAY,MARCH 23 4 p.m. Environmental Studies Services and Research Office, Faculty of THURSDAY,MARCH 23 Prof. Ramsay Cook, Dictionary of Canadian Medicine The Long Road From Fort Prof. David Laitin, Stanford University. Biography. 179 University College. 4:15 One Universe: Simpson to Liidli Koe. 3050 Sidney Smith Hall. 4 to 6 p.m. p.m. Centre for the Book and UC At Home in the Cosmos. Vision as a Supporting Actor: FRIDAY,MARCH 17 Political Science Sharing the Bill With Memory Prof. Peter Kulchyski, Trent University. WEDNESDAY,MARCH 15 Tara: A Protracted History From 2125 Sidney Smith Hall. 4 p.m. Neil deGrasse Tyson, American Museum and Action. Heat Shock Proteins in Totem Poles to New Biles. Geography of Natural History; Wiegand Foundation WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 Striated Muscle. THURSDAY,MARCH 23 lecture series. Auditorium, Medical Prof. Robert Sekuler, Brandeis FRIDAY,MARCH 24 Sciences Building. 7 p.m. Arts & Science Prof. Conor Newman, University University. 2110 Sidney Smith Hall. Timing, Sequences, Path Prof. Marius Locke, zoology. 3127 South College Galway; visiting scholar Celtic 4 p.m. Psychology Dependence: Studying Politics as Building, U of T at Mississauga. Noon. studies program. Charbonnel Lounge, Royal Cities of Mesopotamia. a Temporal Process. Erindale Biology St. Michael’s College, 81 St. Mary St. WEDNESDAY,MARCH 15 Sign and Prediction in Antiquity. 6 p.m. Celtic Studies FRIDAY,MARCH 17 Prof. Marc Van De Mieroop, Columbia WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 Prof. Paul Pierson, Harvard University. Language Conflict and Violence: University. Auditorium, Koffler Institute Daryn Lehoux, Institute for the History 3050 Sidney Smith Hall. 4 to 6 p.m. A Methodological Coda. for Pharmacy Management. 8 p.m. Pope Nicholas V and the Legacy & Philosophy of Science & Technology. Political Science FRIDAY,MARCH 24 Canadian Society for Mesopotamian of Humanism: Libraries and 323 Old Victoria College. 4 p.m. IHPST Prof. David Laitin, Stanford University. Studies Printing in the 15th Century. The Biological Function of the 3050 Sidney Smith Hall. 2 to 4 p.m. FRIDAY,MARCH 24 What Next? A Few Remaining Small GTPase Rap1. Political Science and International Studies Stalingrad, Hiroshima, William Sheehan, CSB, Vatican Library. Problems in Information MONDAY,MARCH 20 Auditorium, Brennan Hall, St. Michael’s Auschwitz: German Reactions to Technology. Dr. Johannes Bos, University of Utrecht, Moral Judgement in Seneca. College. 4 p.m. Friends of the Library, Historic Ruptures. the Netherlands. 968 Mt. Sinai Hospital. Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies THURSDAY,MARCH 23 FRIDAY,MARCH 24 SATURDAY, MARCH 18 Jim Gray, Microsoft Research. 102 Noon. Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute Prof. Brad Inwood, classics. 244 Professor Frank Trommler, University of Mechanical Engineering Building. University College 3 p.m. Classics Synge and Drama of Language. Pennsylvania; in conjunction with con- 11 a.m. Computer Science Cleaning Up Our Mining Act: MONDAY,MARCH 27 ference on German Studies: The Future A North-South Dialogue. Strangers in the Midst: of the Disciplines. Alumni Hall, Victoria Prof. Colbert Kearney, University After Auschwitz: Adorno’s New ONDAY ARCH Migrant Workers in Korea. College, 91 Charles St. W. 6:30 p.m. College Cork. Charbonnel Lounge, St. M ,M 20 Michael’s College, 81 St. Mary St. 6 p.m. Categorical Imperative. Beatrice Labonne, United Nations, NY; FRIDAY,MARCH 24 seminar and panel discussion. Panel: Prof. Kathy Moon, Wellesley College. A Study of Glenn Gould: His Celtic Studies THURSDAY,MARCH 23 Prof. Jay Bernstein, Vanderbilt Catherine Coumans, Mining Watch 108 Koffler Institute for Pharmacy “Tactile” Attachment to Marshall Canada; Sheila Daniels, Micon The Accuracy of the Bible Text University. 140 University College. Management. 3 to 5 p.m. Joint Centre for McLuhan and Natsume Soseki. 4 p.m. Philosophy International Limited; Nancy Asia Pacific Studies According to the Dead Sea TUESDAY,MARCH 21 Hutchison, United Steelworkers of Scrolls and Other Pre-Rabbinic Prof. Junichi Miyazawa, Tokyo; visiting The Physics of Dance. American; Maxine Wiber, Rio Algom professor Canadian studies program. 244 Sources. Limited; and Alan Young, THURSDAY,MARCH 23 Environmental Mining Council, B.C. University College. 4 p.m. Canadian MONDAY,MARCH 27 Prof. Kenneth Laws, Dickinson College. Studies Program Prof. Barry Levy, Shoshana Shier distin- Wetmore Hall, New College. 4 p.m. 102 McLennan Physical Laboratories. Environmental Studies and Women’s guished visiting professor in Jewish stud- 4:10 p.m. Physics “Forms of Resistance:” ies; final in Fixing God’s Torah: The Studies & Gender Studies Spartacus, Burn! Beloved. Textual Accuracy of the Hebrew Bible in Theory and in Reality series. 108 Koffler Self-Assembly of Mesostructures Secure Gardens: Design Aspects TUESDAY,MARCH 21 Institute for Pharmacy Management. and Discrete Objects From of Outdoor Space That Promote Prof. Natalie Zemon Davis, Princeton MEETINGS & 8 p.m. Jewish Studies Synthetic Polymers. Better Health and Security in University; first of two Barbara Frum Meetings & Conferences lectures on Slaves on Screen: Film and FRIDAY,MARCH 24 Older Persons With Cognitive CONFERENCES The Accelerating Universe: Prof. Samson Jenekhe, University of Historical Vision. Convocation Hall. Difficulties. Teaching, Learning and Using 6 p.m. Albert Einstein Called His Rochester. 158 Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories. 3:30 p.m. Chemistry TUESDAY,MARCH 21 Latin in the Middle Ages. “Cosmological Constant” His Mary Jane Lovering, Vertechs Design, FRIDAY,MARCH 17 AND “Truth and Plausibility:” Greatest Blunder. But Kirsner Inc.; Prof. Em. Lillian Wells, Faculty of The Last Supper, Amistad. Argues That Einstein’s Social Work; Cheryl Cott, rehabilitation SATURDAY,MARCH 18 Annual conference, Centre for Medieval WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 science; Donna Wells, Faculty of nursing; Cosmological Constant Studies; in honour of A.G. Rigg. Prof. Natalie Zemon Davis, Princeton and Susan Underhill, Institute for Was Right — Almost! Sessions in 003 Northrop Frye Hall, University; second Barbara Frum lecture Human Development, Life Course & TUESDAY,MARCH 28 Victoria University. on Slaves on Screen: Film and Historical Aging. Suite 106, 222 College St. Noon Prof. Robert Kirsner, Harvard Vision. Hart House Theatre. 2 p.m. to 1:30 p.m. Human Development, Life University; Wiegand Foundation lecture Course & Aging FRIDAY,MARCH 17 series. Auditorium, Medical Sciences Bilingual Contexts: Latin and Its Canada and a North American Building. 7 p.m. Arts & Science Neighbours. Seminars The Role of Mental Health Monetary Union. SEMINARS Medieval Latin and Legal Culture in Workers in the Situation of WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 the Kingdom of Hungary, J.M. Bak, Profs. Richard Harris, Simon Fraser ColloquiaCOLLOQUIA T.G. Masaryk: Mass Trauma. Central European University, Budapest; University, and David Laidler, University A Forgotten Giant. WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 Translation in Teaching Latin: A 14th- of Western Ontario; a debate moderated Control of Drug Effects by MONDAY,MARCH 13 Elena Cherepanova, psychologist. 7-162 Century Italo-Latin Grammar, Cara by Terence Corcoran, Financial Post; Interoceptive Cues: The Inside Prof. Em. Gordon Skilling, Centre for OISE/UT, 252 Bloor St. W. Noon to DeSantis, U of T; Latin in the Fields: 1:30 p.m. Adult Education, Community Malim Harding lecture. Auditorium, Story of Addiction. Russian & East European Studies. 14352 Farmers and Court Rolls, Sherri Olson, Koffler Institute for Pharmacy Robarts Library. 5 p.m. Russian & East Development & Counselling Psychology, University of Connecticut. 2:15 to WEDNESDAY,MARCH 15 Management. 5:30 to 7 p.m. Economics European Studies and Slavic Languages & OISE/UT 3:45 p.m. and Political Science Prof. Shepard Siegel, McMaster University. 2110 Sidney Smith Hall. Literatures Pompous Pendants, Medical Nota Bene: Why the Classics Were 4 p.m. Psychology Biopolitics of Food. Monsters and Humane Healers: Neumed in the Middle Ages, Jan Plasticity and Phantoms. WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 Learning From the Ziolkowski, Harvard University; Virgil and the Shepherd of THURSDAY,MARCH 16 Vandana Shiva, physicist, philosopher, O’Donnell memorial lecture in medical Prof. Jonathan Dostrovsky, physiology. Representations of Physicians in feminist and environmental leader Hermas: A New Examination. Latin studies. 5:15 p.m. 3231 Medical Sciences Building. 4 p.m. Opera and Literature. and thinker; 2000 Snider lecture. FRIDAY,MARCH 17 Physiology HURSDAY ARCH Auditorium, Kaneff Centre, U of T at Alexander Damm, study of religion. T ,M 23 SATURDAY,MARCH 18 Dr. Michael Hutcheon, respirology; and Mississauga. 8 p.m. UTM Centre for the Study of Religion, 123 St. Glosses and Glssators. George St. 2:10 p.m. Study of Religion Colonial Contact as Creation: Prof. Linda Hutcheon, Centre for Women Teaching and Learning Latin: Comparative Literature. 163 University Paradigms and Attitudes to Relations Between Russian Herrad of Hoenbourg and the “Hortus College. 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. Qualitatiave deliciarum,” Fiona Griffiths, University Environment and Health: Some Variability Among Hunter- Settlers and the Peoples of Inquiry Group and Public Health Sciences of Lethbridge; Last Words: Latin and Philosophical Reflections. Gatherer Societies: Transcaucasia, 1830-1900. the End of Gower’s “Confessio THURSDAY,MARCH 23 Some Clues to Causes. THURSDAY,MARCH 16 Women’s Studies Emeritae. Amatantis,” Sian Echard, University of Prof. Ingrid Stefanovic, philosophy. FRIDAY,MARCH 17 Prof. Nicholas Breyfogle, Ohio State THURSDAY,MARCH 23 British Columbia; Addo et Subtraho: Conference Room, Gage Occupational Lewis Binford, archeologist. 2117 Sidney University. 14352 Robarts Library. 7 to Natalie Zemon Davis, Ursula Franklin, Mathematical Glosses to Thesaurus lin- & Environmental Health Unit, 223 Smith Hall. 3 to 5 p.m. Anthropology 9 p.m. Russian & East European Studies Phyllis Grosskurth and Jeanelle Savona. guae Latinae and Glossarium mediae et

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 18 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 EVENTS

infimae latinitatis, Wesley Stevens, Edita Neszmélyi-Slivková, private The Lexical Status of Utterance-Final THOMAS FISHER RARE University of Winnipeg. 10 to 11:30 a.m. scholar, Hungary, Iranian Social and Forms in Oneida, Karin Michelson; Is a BOOK LIBRARY Economic Development With the Focus Word in French a Word in Michif? As the Centuries Turn: Anglo-Latin and Its Legacies. on Animal Husbandry. Nicole Rosen; What is a Word: Evidence Old Sources and New Resources: Sarangerel, Buryat shamaness and From a Computational Approach to Manuscripts and Books Finding the Right Formula in the author, Wife, Mother, Shamaness, Navajo Verbal Morphology, Sony Bird; From 1000 to 2000. Bonifatian Correspondence, Andy Warrior Woman: The Role of Women in Silent Heads and Audible Dependents: TO JUNE 2 Orchard, University of Cambridge; The Mongolian and Siberian Eip Tales. Phonotactic Relations in Mohawk and A selection of manuscripts and printed Lord’s Latin and the King’s English: On David Schimmelpenninck, Brock Upper Chehalis, Grazyna Rowicka; PLAYS & READINGS books from the collections of the the Uses of Usage, Carin Ruff, John University, Russia’s Great Game in Lexical Suffixes Are Bound Roots: Plays & Readings Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library. Carroll University; The Hermeneutic Tibet? St. Petersburg and the Phonological Evidence From Lillooet The Clairvoyant; Seaside Dive. Hours: Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to Style of Thiofrid of Echternach, Gernot and Sliammon. 2 to 5:30 p.m. Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa of TUESDAYS TO SUNDAYS, 5 p.m. Wieland, University of British 1904. MARCH 14 TO MARCH 26 Columbia. 1:30 to 3 p.m. Tamara Sivertseva, U.S. Institute of SUNDAY,MARCH 26 The Clairvoyant, by Larry Fineberg; Peace, The Quest for National Identity Round table; invited talk by John Seaside Dive, by J.B. Murphy. Presented Latin by Osmosis! in Daghestan. O’Meara on Incorporating Linguistic Savoir le latin sans l’avoir étudié: Formes by the North American New Drama Manu Sobti, Georgia Institute of Knowledge Into the Teaching of Alliance. Glen Morris Studio Theatre, 4 et sens d’un theme hagiographique, Technology, Evidence for a New Early Indigenous Languages. 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. Pierre Boglioni, Université de Montréal; Glen Morris St. Performances at 8 p.m., Medieval Urban Type in the Central matinees Saturdays and Sundays 2 p.m. Constructing the Book of Visions: Miscellany Asian Region: An Analysis of Business Board. Tickets and information, 978-7986. ISCELLANY Liberal Arts and Apocryphal Archeological Findings, Literature and M MONDAY,MARCH 27 Knowledge, Clair Fanger, University of Scholarly Writings. Registration fee: Family Cooking on a Budget. Western Ontario; Learning Latin by Council Chamber, Simcoe Hall. 5 p.m. Laidlaw Library Reading Series. $30, students $10. Information and WEDNESDAY,MARCH 15 Magic: John and Gurgeta’s Angelic TUESDAY,MARCH 21 pre-registration, Gillian Long, 978- Presentation of practical tips and a cook- Tutors, Nicholas Watson, University of Prof. Sam Solecki talks about his new 4882; [email protected]. ing demonstration of simple nutritious Western Ontario. 3:30 to 5 p.m. book The Last Canadian Poet: An Essay on meals with a sharing of easy on the Al Purdy. 240 University College. Structure and Constituency of wallet recipes for students on a tight food Planning & Budget Committee. 4:30 p.m. the Languages of the Americas. budget; led by Marilli Martyn. New TUESDAY,MARCH 21 MONDAY,MARCH 27 College. Noon to 1:30 p.m. Registration: Council Chamber, Simcoe Hall. 5 p.m. FRIDAY,MARCH 24 TO Prof. Sylvia Bashevkin talks about her 978-0951; [email protected]. SUNDAY,MARCH 26 book Women on the Defensive: Living Through Conservative Times. 240 Committee on Academic Policy Annual workshop, department of lin- Alien Merchant Communities in guistics. All sessions at University Music University College. 4:30 p.m. & Programs. MUSIC Southampton, ca. 1300-1600. College. WEDNESDAY,MARCH 22 FACULTY OF MUSIC FRIDAY,MARCH 17 Council Chamber, Simcoe Hall. 4:10 Laura Hunt, Centre for Reformation & FRIDAY,MARCH 24 EDWARD JOHNSON p.m. Renaissance fellow. 323 E.J. Pratt The Halkomelem Double Antipassive: BUILDING Library, Victoria University. 3 to 5 p.m. Towards a Word-Based View of Culture and Integration Small Jazz Ensembles. Argument Structure, Donna Gerdts and WEDNESDAY,MARCH 15 in Central Asia. Tom Hukari; Collapsing Three Screen/Writer. Favourite standards and student arrange- FRIDAY,MARCH 24 AND Morphemes Into One: Saanich Plural FRIDAY,MARCH 24 ments and compositions. Walter Hall. Reduplication, Carrie Gillan; Word, An evening exploring the good, the bad SATURDAY,MARCH 25 8 p.m. Films Annual conference, Central & Inner Clitic and Sentence in Lillooet, Jan Van FILMS and the ugly parts of transforming fiction Asian Seminar and Joint Centre for Asia Eijk; Conventionality and Lexical into film, with Margaret Atwood, David Pacific Studies. Croft Chapter House, Classes, David Beck; Paths of Semantic Thursday Noon Series. Festival of South Asian Cronenberg, Barbara Gowdy and 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. Expected speakers and Change in a Modal Morpheme: The THURSDAY,MARCH 16 Documentary Films. Elmore Leonard; hosted by Albert topics: Dubitative in Montagnais, Deborah Music & Poetry: Vilma Intra Vitols, MONDAY,MARCH 13 TO Schultz. Convocation Hall. 7:30 p.m. Tickets $15 and $20; all proceeds to Boris Chukhovich, Central Asia and James, Sandra Clarke and Marguerite mezzo-soprano; Faculty of Music SUNDAY,MARCH 19 PEN Canada. U of T Bookstore Caucasus, Les Européens de l’Asie MacKenzie. 9:30 to 12:20 p.m. ensemble; John Hawkins, piano and Showcases over 25 outstanding South Centrale: essai de l’analyse culturelle. conductor; Prof. Eric Domville, com- Asian documentary films that provide Dina Doubrovskaia, East Asian studies, How Much Syntax Can You Fit Into mentator. Walter Hall. 12:10 p.m. in-depth treatment of pressing South Helping Students Through The Views on the Western Lands in the a Word? The Grammar of Verbal Asian issues including history, culture, Crisis: A Resource Guide Political Thinking of Ch’ing Empire. Agreement in Innu-aimun, Phil Historical Performance art, environment, gender and activism. for Front-Line Staff. Ghada Jayyusi Lehn, Near and Middle Branigan and Marguerite MacKenzie; Ensembles. Majority of screenings take place Friday, TUESDAY,MARCH 28 Eastern civilizations, Turkic Nomads: Configurationality and Object Shift in Saturday and Sunday at the Auditorium, Workshop to familiarize staff with the The Elites of 9th-Century Muslim FRIDAY,MARCH 17 Algonquian, Benjamin Bruening and Earth Sciences Centre. Tickets $5, many services that can help students, Armies. Timothy McGee, director. Walter Hall. Andrea Rackowski; Some Notes on double screening $17; festival pass $25. particularly those with family respon David Jongeward, Kushan scholar, 8 p.m. Conjunct and Independent Orders in Free screenings Monday to Thursday. sibilities. 120 Woodsworth College. Toronto, Coin Art and Sculpture of the Wampanoag, Norvin Richards; The Role Information: (416) 657-2671; 1 to 3 p.m. Registration: 978-0951; Kushan Empire, First to Fourth Century of the Participant Hierarchy in Wind Symphony & www.dristi.org. [email protected]. AD. Determining Word Order in East Cree, Concert Band. An-King Lim, contact language scholar, Marie-Odile Junker; Verb Elision and Salt Lake City, Utah, Linguistic Lessons SATURDAY,MARCH 25 Constituent Structure in Inuit, Matthew Jeffrey Renolds and Cameron Walter, From “The Secret History of the Beach. 2 to 5:20 p.m. Mongols” and the Xian-bei National conductors. MacMillan Theatre. 8 p.m. Language. Tickets $10, students and seniors $5. Talant Mawkanuli, University of SATURDAY,MARCH 25 Wisconsin, Nomadic Cultural On the Phonological Conditioning of Elmer Iseler Singers. Clitic Placement in Zapotec, George Perspective in the Kazak Language. MONDAY,MARCH 27 Aaron Broadwell; Plains Cree in Head- Gulnara Mendikulova, National In concert with graduating conducting ExhibitionsEXHIBITIONS DEADLINES Academy of Sciences, Kazakhstan, Initial: Morphophonological Evidence, students. Walter Hall. 8 p.m. NEWMAN CENTRE Please note that information for Events The Influence of Nomadism on the Tomio Hirose; Defining the Word in listings must be received in writing at Adaptional Abilities of the Kazaks. Cayuga (Iroquoian), Carrie Dyck; Word Abstract and The Bulletin offices, 21 King’s College György Neszmélyi, University Szent Internal Constituency in Squamish World Music Ensemble. Non-Objective Paintings. Circle, by the following times: István, Hungary, The Main Salish, Laura Bar-el and Linda Tamburri TUESDAY,MARCH 28 TO MARCH 31 Characteristics of Mongolian and Watt; Words Within Words: Matching Japanese drumming, African drumming Paintings by Walter Chiasson and Diane Issue of March 27, for events taking place Korean Economic Development, and Mismatching Domains in Cree, and dancing and Balinese gamilan. Krompart. Ground floor. Hours: March 27 to April 10: MONDAY, Focusing on Agriculture. Kevin Russell. 9 a.m. to 12:20 p.m. Walter Hall. 8 p.m. Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. MARCH 13.

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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 19 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000 FORUM RESISTING THE SLIPPERY SLOPE Invoking the Nazis in bioethical debates may only trivialize that regime’s crimes against humanity BY MICHAEL MARRUS

HE SUBJECT OF MY LECTURE IS THE FREQUENT perspective, for while such activity was not peculiar to Nazi plant-breeding specialist who when he wants to breed a pure invocation in matters of bioethics of analogies to the Germany the scale of the human catastrophe undoubtedly was; new strain from a well tried species that has been exhausted by TThird Reich and the Holocaust — what one critic has in the United States, with comparable laws, doctors in 30 states too much cross-breeding goes over first to the field to cull termed the argumentum ad Hitlerum. These analogies are sterilized 11,000 people between 1907 and 1930. The German the unwanted plants.” This vision of racial utopia flowed into invoked all the time in debates about the withdrawal of treat- victims in the 12-year period of the Reich, as I have noted, the biomedical view. The doctors involved in the killings saw ment of the incurably ill; in discussions of human experimenta- numbered 320,000. themselves as reformers and sometimes utopians. tion; in questions having to do with abortion, the use of fetal tis- And now the so-called euthanasia campaign. I say “so- A contemplation of these terrible events suggests that estab- sue for medical research or therapy, population control, in-vitro called,” because its real object was murder. During the war lishments can be susceptible to perverted argumentation if their fertilization, genetic engineering, sterilization, the rights of psy- years an inconspicuous office at number 4 Tiergarten Strasse powerful interests or ambitions are served. Under Nazism, doc- chiatric patients, animal rights, organ transplantation — and the in Berlin organized the murder of more than 200,000 allegedly tors were encouraged to think of themselves as custodians of the list goes on. The argument is that this and or that practice is incurably diseased — psychiatric patients, camp inmates who health of the German Volk, with health defined in racial terms. something like what the Nazis did, or could Doctors at the medical grassroots offered lead to something that the Nazis did, or shows themselves with alacrity to the regime. By a similar impulse as that which the Nazis had 1942, as historian Robert Proctor notes, more and should therefore be condemned in the than 38,000 doctors were Nazi party mem- strongest possible terms. bers — about half the doctors in the country. The contention that there was a link Of these, Michael Kater discovered, “26 per between Nazi biomedical crimes and some cent were storm-troopers and over seven per other widely accepted ideas about medical cent were in the SS — much higher rates practice was first made at the so-called “doc- than for any other academic profession.” tors’ trial” at Nuremberg. The argument there High-ranking Nazi doctors, those who dealt was that going wrong in small ways could directly or indirectly with forcible sterilization eventually lead to a huge genocidal catastro- or the murderous euthanasia campaign did phe because of a general acceptance of an atti- not come from the margins of German med-

tude exemplified by the phrase taken up by the icine but often from the very pinnacle of the MIKE ANDRECHUK Nazis: “life unworthy to be lived.” In its early profession. Their names are part of a Who’s stages this attitude concerned mainly the Who of the medical profession of the day. severely and chronically sick. But, it was con- And so, “contrary to the notion that Nazism tended, “the sphere of those to whom this per- somehow corrupted and distorted the tem- spective was applied expanded to encompass ples of learning,” observe Michael Burleigh the socially unproductive, the ideologically and Wolfgang Wipperman, “it was a distort- unwanted, the racially unwanted and finally all ed science that lent Nazism a specifically non-Germans.” This slippery slope argument scientific character.” is the first cousin to the argumentum ad Let me conclude by offering three points of Hitlerum. As a way of opposing certain points reflection. of view, this strategy is a drastic one. No one First, there was something distinct in the wants to be seen in Nazi company promoting scale, motivation, ambition, ideology and the same objectives as Hitler. No one wants ruthlessness of Nazi crimes. To be sure, one’s own wrong ideas — if they are wrong — Nazi Germany was not the only place where to be seen to be so wrong as to promote there were social Darwinist ideas, anti- Nazism. And no one wants to have to deal with the emotional had fallen ill, people suffering from depression and non-con- Semitism, racism or eugenic thought; but Nazi Germany baggage accompanying an association with the Third Reich. formists. And note an important difference from forcible ster- alone launched a genocidal and murderous campaign that in I want to reflect on this analogy from the standpoint of a his- ilization: the impulse for this killing was outside the medical the end cost the lives of some 50 million people. What was torian of the Holocaust. I also want to bring some perspective loop. It was run out of Hitler’s own office. The murders began crucial was the advent of the Third Reich. It was not until into these debates by focusing on what we have learned about with little children with congenital malformations or mental Hitler’s triumph in 1933 that eugenic principles of the pre- the historical contexts of the events alluded to in argumentation, retardation and gradually extended to adults with any number Nazi period gained the support of governing officials willing and on the links between the biomedical professions in of diseases. Using starvation, lethal injection, mobile and then to move aggressively in this area. The implication is that these Germany and the crimes of the Nazi regime. stationary gas chambers, operating in six designated killing crimes involved more than just perverted objectives. These When it comes to the latter there is frequently a distortion centers, this killing was done by doctors and by nurses who, in extraordinary crimes were the product of a regime — to me, of perspective because of the attention paid to human exper- some cases, had been caregivers to their victims. And further- an essential element in any reference to these Nazi, or Nazi- imentation. These experiments were the great focus of the more, there was a direct and clear link with the final solution like, crimes. famous trial of 23 defendants beginning in December 1946 at of the Jewish question in terms of both personnel and tech- Second, one of the lessons of Nazism is that it didn’t just Nuremberg. But note that the victims of these horrific so- nique. Christian Wirth, for example, an SS major and head of depend on Nazis. Whether it is eugenic thought or forcible ster- called experiments involved a few thousand people at most; the Aktion Reinhard killing operations in 1942 in Belzec, ilization or biomedical utopian thought, the Nazis were not that these victims were mainly Allied prisoners of war; and Sobibor and Treblinka, cut his teeth on the killing business at alone. They were part of a much wider ethos. In short, the Nazis that the so-called experiments were undertaken mainly for a psychiatric clinic and pioneered the development of gas depended upon armies of collaborators. And so a lesson might military purposes. While no doubt a dreadful atrocity, the chambers for the purposes of mass murder. be that there is such a thing as a slippery slope, and that given attention that we have given to these experiments and to the What makes these crimes so distinctively Nazi? This question an insidious ideological and political environment, given the so-called “doctors’ trial” is, I believe, accompanied by a corre- is crucial because not everything that the Nazis did with science powerful sanction of government, many quite ordinary people sponding neglect of victims of other medical crimes: notably, and medicine was driven by criminal objectives and not every can be drawn into extraordinary criminality. forcible sterilization and the so-called euthanasia campaign, Nazi medical initiative derived from the core values of the But third, while it would be wrong to ignore elements of kin- the victims of which number in the hundreds of thousands regime. These values were not vague and adaptable affinities; ship between Nazism and our own society, it would be a trivial- and who were mainly German civilians. they were powerful, clear, sharply etched ideological commit- ization of what happened in that era and of the victimization of Let me be more specific. Consider sterilization. The year ments. I note that those charged with medical crimes at countless thousands of people uncritically to label that anything 1933 saw in Nazi Germany a law for the prevention of geneti- Nuremberg did not plead for mercy and recant their errors; they with which we fundamentally disagree in the biomedical sphere cally diseased offspring, permitting the forced sterilization of stoutly attempted to explain their actions within the framework shares as potentially Nazi or as sharing core Nazi values. No anyone suffering from what were thought to be genetically of their world view that the Reich was threatened by inferior good cause is served by faulty history, by sloppy comparisons or determined illnesses including feeble-mindedness, schizophre- races. This paradigm of the state facing a physical threat to its by rhetorical allusions to the suffering of the victims of Nazism. nia, manic depression, epilepsy, genetic blindness, deafness and overall being, which could be alleviated only by medical inter- I conclude that not every slope is slippery and that not every severe alcoholism. From 1934, German doctors were enlisted in ventions, is reflected in the medical literature and the training of biomedical crime is a Nazi-like crime. There may be very good a massive campaign for compulsory sterilization in the interest health care professionals before and during the war. This para- reasons to oppose practices that are reminiscent of what hap- of improving the quality of the German racial community. In digm rested upon doctrines of racial hygiene evolved from the pened during the Third Reich. But let us take care to muster the end this campaign involved some 320,000 people, that is, end of the 19th century within the framework of social arguments against associated attitudes on their merits, rather 0.5 per cent of the entire German population. Darwinism and the international eugenics movement. The than employ weak analogies that often sound like wounding Unlike the so-called experiments that were usually conduct- point of departure was a widespread fear that the natural smears that trivialize the crimes of the Third Reich. ed behind closed doors, this campaign required a huge public selection might not be working, that the poor, the weak and and institutionally refined apparatus. Sterilization research and the misfits of the world were being protected by society and Professor Michael Marrus, dean of the School of Graduate Studies, engineering rapidly became one of the largest medical industries were multiplying faster than the talented and the fit. Heinrich delivered the Jus lecture March 1. This is a small excerpt from that in Nazi Germany. And note, to help put this into international Himmler spoke of the Nazi leaderships’ task as being “like the address.

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO BULLETIN — 20 — MONDAY,MARCH 13, 2000