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Beatrice Mintz Data Di Nascita 24 Gennaio 1921 Luogo New York, NY (USA) Nomina 9 Giugno 1986 Disciplina Genetica Titolo Cattedra Jack Schultz in Scienza Elementare

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Beatrice Mintz Data Di Nascita 24 Gennaio 1921 Luogo New York, NY (USA) Nomina 9 Giugno 1986 Disciplina Genetica Titolo Cattedra Jack Schultz in Scienza Elementare Beatrice Mintz Data di nascita 24 gennaio 1921 Luogo New York, NY (USA) Nomina 9 giugno 1986 Disciplina Genetica Titolo Cattedra Jack Schultz in Scienza elementare Principali premi, riconoscimenti e accademie Premi: Premio della Bertner Foundation per la Ricerca Fondamentale sul Cancro (1977); Premio della New York Academy of Sciences per le Scienze Biologiche e Mediche (1979); Premio Papanicolaou per la Carriera Scientifica (1979); Premio Lewis S. Rosenstiel per la Ricerca Medica di Base (1980); Medaglia della Genetics Society of America (1981); Medaglia d’Oro Ernst Jung per la Medicina (1990); Premio John Scott per la Carriera Scientifica (1994); Premio March of Dimes in Biologia dello Sviluppo (1996); Medaglia d’Onore per la Ricerca di Base della American Cancer Society (1997); Pearl Meister Greengard Prize (2008); Albert Szent-Györgyi Prize for Progress in Cancer Research (2011). Accademie: National Academy of Sciences (1973); Membro, American Association for the Advancement of Science (1976); Membro Onorario, American Gynecological and Obstetrical Society (1980); American Philosophical Society (1982); Membro, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1982); Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze (1986). Lauree honoris causa: Dottorato in Scienze, New York Medical College (1980); Medical College of Pennsylvania (1980); Northwestern University (1982); Hunter College (1986); Dottorato in Lettere, Holy Family College (1988). Riassunto dell’attività scientifica Beatrice Mintz ha scoperto il rapporto fondamentale tra lo sviluppo e il cancro. Inizialmente ha dimostrato che lo sviluppo si basa su di una successione gerarchica ordinata di piccoli gruppi sempre più specializzati di cellule precursor o cellule staminali, che si espandono clonandosi. Ha proposto che il cancro ha a che fare con un'aberrazione regolatoria all'interno di questo processo, soprattutto nell'equilibrio tra proliferazione e differenziazione. Questa opinione è stata basata su di una serie di metodi di sua invenzione per la costruzione e l'analisi di modelli di topo chimerici e transgenici. Questi modelli hanno permesso lo studio sperimentale dello sviluppo e del cancro all'interno del quadro dell'intero organismo per la durata della sua vita. Ha prodotto topi chimerici (che inizialmente aveva chiamato "allofenici") grazie all'inclusione di due cellule geneticamente diverse nell'embrione di topo allo stadio iniziale, rivelandone quindi l'organizzazione clonale. La Mintz ha poi progettato le modifiche del chimerismo per esaminare i ruoli delle cellule staminali nel cancro. Il suo laboratorio ha scoperto che le cellule staminali del teratocarcinoma nel topo si sviluppavano normalmente in un normale ambiente embrionale. Ciò ha portato a molti nuovi tipi di esperimento in vari laboratori, per definire il ruolo di un microambiente normale sulle cellule tumorali. I nuovi esperimenti da lei condotti hanno inoltre dimostrato che le cellule cancerogene simil-staminali potevano essere coltivate e utilizzate come "messaggeri" per portare segmenti di DNA specifico nell'organismo. In seguito, il DNA è stato iniettato direttamente nell'ovulo fecondato. Il suo laboratorio ha utilizzato quel metodo per produrre un modello di melanoma maligno nel topo, somigliante alla malattia umana, in modo da studiare ulteriori trattamenti possibili. Pubblicazioni principali Mintz, B., 'Genetic mosaicism in adult mice of quadriparental lineage', Science, 148, pp. 1232-3 (1965); Mintz, B., 'Gene control of mammalian pigmentary differentiation. I. Clonal origin of melanocytes', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 58, pp. 344-51 (1967); Mintz, B., 'Clonal basis of mammalian differentiation',. Sympos. Soc. Exp. Biol., 25, pp. 345-70 (1971) Cambridge University Press; Mintz, B. and Illmensee, K., 'Normal genetically mosaic mice produced from malignant teratocarcinoma cells', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 3585-9 (1975); Fleischman, - 1 - R.A. and Mintz, B., 'Prevention of genetic anemias in mice by microinjection of normal hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal placenta', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 76, pp. 5736-40 (1979); Mintz, B. and Cronmiller, C., 'METT 1: A karyotypically normal in vitro line of developmentally totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells', Somatic Cell Genet., 7, pp. 489-505 (1981); Stewart, T.A. and Mintz, B., 'Successive generations of mice produced from an established culture line of euploid teratocarcinoma cells', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, pp. 6314-8 (1981). Wagner, E.F., Stewart, T.A. and Mintz, B., 'The human β globin gene and a functional viral thymidine kinase gene in developing mice', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 78, pp. 5016-20 (1981); Mintz, B. and Silvers, W.K., 'Transgenic mouse model of malignant skin melanoma', Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 90, pp. 8817-21 (1993). - 2 -.
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