DOCSLIB.ORG

Basal Lamina and Tissue Recognition in Malignant Mammary Tumors1

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Basal Lamina and Tissue Recognition in Malignant Mammary Tumors1 [CANCER RESEARCH 40. 1600-1611. May 1980] 0008-5472/80/004-OOOOS02.00 Basal Lamina and Tissue Recognition in Malignant Mammary Tumors1 Dorothy R. Pitelka, Susan T. Hamamoto, and Barbara N. Taggart Department of Zoology and Cancer Research Laboratory. University of California. Berkeley, California 94720 ABSTRACT surfaces (4, 9, 10, 34). In normal adult epithelium, however, it forms a continuous boundary between the entire epithelial The basal lamina is important in normal epithelial morpho tissue and other cell types, and it is respected as a barrier by genesis and provides a barrier between normal adult epithelium both the epithelial cells and all others except macrophages and and connective tissue that is not penetrated except by cells of migrating leukocytes, which can penetrate it without evident hematogenous origin. Invasion and metastasis by malignant damage. epithelium therefore are thought to require alterations in basal It has long been recognized that either breaching or absence lamina structure or disposition. We have investigated this ques of tumor basal lamina may be a necessary factor in certain tion in primary mammary tumors and in their spontaneous phases of epithelial malignancy, presumptively when carcino pulmonary métastasesin mice. The commonest structural ab mas invade adjacent tissues, and certainly when cells are normality of the tumor basal lamina in both sites is hypertrophy released from the parent tumor into the lymph or blood stream. in the form of folding, multilayering, or irregular thickening, Basal lamina of the blood vessel is also involved in the latter without observable failure of the barrier function. Interruptions case, and endothelial basal lamina must again be breached in the continuity of the basal lamina are extremely rare and do when a blood-borne tumor embolus invades extravascular not appear to be significant sites of emigration of malignant space in a secondary site. Finally, if a primary or metastatic cells. Mammary tumor epithelium thus maintains an effective carcinoma invades normal epithelium, the basal lamina bound basal lamina barrier while invading nonepithelial tissues of ary of the invaded tissue must also be violated. Explanations of either body wall or lung. Even intraarteriolar metastic foci these various events could include the failure of motile tumor secrete basal lamina between themselves and the arteriolar cells to respect intact basal lamina, degradation of basal lamina endothelium, showing that the tumor cells recognize the latter by appropriate extracellular enzymes, or abnormalities in the as nonepithelial. Extravascular métastasesaggressively invade quantity or quality of the epithelial basal lamina secreted by the pulmonary alveolar air spaces. Here the cells of the two tumor cells. Evidence supporting each of these mechanisms is epithelia share the same basal lamina and collaborate to form reported in the literature, to be discussed later, but proof of luminal tight junctions, showing that the tumor recognizes the their involvement in spontaneous invasion and metastasis by pulmonary tissue as epithelial but not as nonmammary. Some autochthonous tumors is lacking. evidence suggests that a merger of the two different epithelia We have examined primary mammary tumors and their spon may involve local fusion of the tumor basal lamina with that of taneous pulmonary métastases in mice overtly infected with the lung, followed by degradation of the lamina in the fused the MTV3 to determine the ultrastructural disposition of mam zone only; similar fusion of basal lamina between adjacent mary epithelial basal lamina in both sites and of pulmonary nests within a mammary tumor is also suggested. We conclude epithelial and endothelial basal lamina in invaded lungs. We will that retention of the basal lamina reinforces the tendency of present evidence that, whereas morphological discontinuity of tumor epithelium to grow as cords of cells in contact, while the tumor basal lamina is rare in these tissues and probably qualitative changes in the lamina contribute to the mode in not a major factor in invasion, other abnormal properties of the which the tumor invades epithelial tissues. basal lamina in both primary and metastatic tumors may influ ence their growth pattern and invasive behavior. Our work INTRODUCTION confirms and extends the observations of Brooks (6), who The epithelial basal lamina2 is a thin layer of material, mainly described the ultrastructure of metastatic mammary tumors in the mouse lung, including the invasion of pulmonary epithelium. peptides and carbohydrates (27), secreted by epithelial tissues Part of the work to be presented here has been published in at their interface with the connective tissue matrix. Similar abstract form (39). We discuss in another paper (42) the laminae are formed by mesothelium and endothelium, and an histological organization and the distribution of epithelial cell individual basal lamina surrounds each muscle cell, adipose junctions in these primary and metastatic adenocarcinomas. cell, or Schwann cell. The basal lamina is important in epithelial- The basal lamina in the normal mammary gland, to be reviewed mesenchymal morphogenetic interactions (2, 24), in regener below for comparative purposes, has been described else ation of damaged tissue (30, 48, 51) and, at least in some where (41). tissues, in filtration of macromolecules (14). Transitory inter ruptions in its continuity apparently contribute to morphoge netic changes in several fetal or neonatal epithelial tissues by MATERIALS AND METHODS allowing direct contact of epithelial and mesenchymal cell The tissues examined and methods used for this study are 1 Supported by NIH Grant CA05388. described in detail in a companion paper (42). All tissues were ' Also called basement membrane or basement lamina Because the histolo- from female Crgl mice infected with MTV. Spontaneous pul glst's basement membrane includes the basal lamina plus an adjoining cell-free monary métastases were identified and removed at autopsy zone containing collagen fibers and other materials, the common and more restrictive term 'basal lamina' is used here. Received September 24, 1979; accepted February 11. 1980. ;l The abbreviation used is: MTV, mammary tumor virus. 1600 CANCER RESEARCH VOL. 40 Downloaded from cancerres.aacrjournals.org on September 30, 2021. © 1980 American Association for Cancer Research. Basal Lamina in Malignant Mammary Tumors from 69 mammary tumor-bearing females of the C3H, C3Hf, still confined to the epithelial compartment, demonstrating that BALB/cfC3H, BALB/cNIV, A, GR, and Rill strains. Primary the physical integrity of the basal lamina bounding the cyst was tumor samples were taken from some of the animals with not destroyed during cytolysis. métastases and from similar females without métastasesde The most frequent structural deviation of the basal lamina in tected at autopsy. All métastases were confirmed by light both primary and metastatic tumors is hypertrophy. It takes the microscope examination of 1- to 2-jum sections of samples form of extensive folding (Fig. 4), multiple layering (Fig. 5), or fixed in glutaraldehyde-paraformaldehyde, postfixed in osmium irregularly increased thickness (Fig. 10). Any of these variants tetroxide, and embedded in Epon. Twenty-two of the samples can be found at the interfaces between mammary epithelium were further studied by electron microscopy of thin sections and stroma within an established tumor, between an invasive stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. In addition, large primary tumor and connective tissue or muscle of the body pieces from 6 lungs were embedded in paraffin and serially wall, and between metastatic mammary epithelium and tissues sectioned for histological study. Forty-four primary tumors were of the lung. The presence or absence of peripheral cells examined in thick Epon section, and 20 of these were examined identifiable as myoepithelial has no observable influence on in thin section. the morphology of the tumor basal lamina. A striking form of To see whether transplanted tumors in relatively early pas hypertrophy seen by Brooks (6) in pulmonary métastasesis the sages displayed altered morphological or malignant properties, development of whorls of evenly spaced layers of basal lamina we also examined various generations of 3 C3H transplantable displaying a distinct periodic structure. We found numerous tumor lines, MT3, MT4, and MT6, now in their 13th, 18th, and such whorls in one primary tumor but have not encountered 8th passages, respectively. them elsewhere. Samples of both primary and metastatic tumors for this study Actual interruptions in the continuity of the basal lamina, were generally taken from firm, nonnecrotic areas near the leaving epithelial cell surfaces exposed to interstitial matrix or periphery, including for each tumor some samples selected to cells, are extremely rare in the primary tumors and spontaneous include the interface between tumor and surrounding tissues. métastasesthat we have examined. Most of those identified display no other abnormality than the localized absence of the RESULTS lamina. In some instances, small processes either from the exposed epithelial surface or from nearby fibroblasts extend Normal Mammary Gland. A continuous basal lamina sepa through the gap (see Fig. 14), but we have never found per rates the mammary epithelium from the cells and fibers of the suasive evidence of migration of epithelial cells into the con stroma. It appears in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Development and Maintenance of Epidermal Stem Cells in Skin Adnexa Jaroslav Mokry * and Rishikaysh Pisal Medical Faculty, Charles University, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 October 2020; Accepted: 18 December 2020; Published: 20 December 2020 Abstract: The skin surface is modified by numerous appendages. These structures arise from epithelial stem cells (SCs) through the induction of epidermal placodes as a result of local signalling interplay with mesenchymal cells based on the Wnt–(Dkk4)–Eda–Shh cascade. Slight modifications of the cascade, with the participation of antagonistic signalling, decide whether multipotent epidermal SCs develop in interfollicular epidermis, scales, hair/feather follicles, nails or skin glands. This review describes the roles of epidermal SCs in the development of skin adnexa and interfollicular epidermis, as well as their maintenance. Each skin structure arises from distinct pools of epidermal SCs that are harboured in specific but different niches that control SC behaviour. Such relationships explain differences in marker and gene expression patterns between particular SC subsets. The activity of well-compartmentalized epidermal SCs is orchestrated with that of other skin cells not only along the hair cycle but also in the course of skin regeneration following injury. This review highlights several membrane markers, cytoplasmic proteins and transcription factors associated with epidermal SCs. Keywords: stem cell; epidermal placode; skin adnexa; signalling; hair pigmentation; markers; keratins 1. Epidermal Stem Cells as Units of Development 1.1. Development of the Epidermis and Placode Formation The embryonic skin at very early stages of development is covered by a surface ectoderm that is a precursor to the epidermis and its multiple derivatives.
    [Show full text]
  • Corrective Gene Transfer of Keratinocytes from Patients with Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa Restores Assembly of Hemidesmosomes in Reconstructed Epithelia
    Gene Therapy (1998) 5, 1322–1332 1998 Stockton Press All rights reserved 0969-7128/98 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/gt Corrective gene transfer of keratinocytes from patients with junctional epidermolysis bullosa restores assembly of hemidesmosomes in reconstructed epithelia J Vailly1, L Gagnoux-Palacios1, E Dell’Ambra2, C Rome´ro1, M Pinola3, G Zambruno3, M De Luca2,3 J-P Ortonne1,4 and G Meneguzzi1 1U385 INSERM, Faculte´ de Me´decine, Nice; 4Service de Dermatologie, Hoˆpital L’Archet, Nice, France; Laboratories of 2Tissue Engineering and 3Molecular and Cell Biology, Istituto Dermopatico dell’Immacolata, Rome, Italy Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa (H-JEB) provides deposited into the extracellular matrix. Re-expression of a promising model for somatic gene therapy of heritable laminin-5 induced cell spreading, nucleation of hemides- mechano-bullous disorders. This genodermatosis is mosomal-like structures and enhanced adhesion to the cul- caused by the lack of laminin-5 that results in absence of ture substrate. Organotypic cultures performed with the hemidesmosomes (HD) and defective adhesion of squam- transduced keratinocytes, reconstituted epidermis closely ous epithelia. To establish whether re-expression of lami- adhering to the mesenchyme and presenting mature hemi- nin-5 can restore assembly of the dermal-epidermal attach- desmosomes, bridging the cytoplasmic intermediate fila- ment structures lacking in the H-JEB skin, we corrected the ments of the basal cells to the anchoring filaments of the genetic mutation hindering expression of the ␤3 chain of basement membrane. Our results provide the first evi- laminin-5 in human H-JEB keratinocytes by transfer of a dence of phenotypic reversion of JEB keratinocytes by laminin ␤3 transgene.
    [Show full text]
  • Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
    NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria.
    [Show full text]
  • Sweat Glands • Oil Glands • Mammary Glands
    Chapter 4 The Integumentary System Lecture Presentation by Steven Bassett Southeast Community College © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The integumentary system is composed of: • Skin • Hair • Nails • Sweat glands • Oil glands • Mammary glands © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction • The skin is the most visible organ of the body • Clinicians can tell a lot about the overall health of the body by examining the skin • Skin helps protect from the environment • Skin helps to regulate body temperature © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Integumentary Structure and Function • Cutaneous Membrane • Epidermis • Dermis • Accessory Structures • Hair follicles • Exocrine glands • Nails © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 4.1 Functional Organization of the Integumentary System Integumentary System FUNCTIONS • Physical protection from • Synthesis and storage • Coordination of immune • Sensory information • Excretion environmental hazards of lipid reserves response to pathogens • Synthesis of vitamin D3 • Thermoregulation and cancers in skin Cutaneous Membrane Accessory Structures Epidermis Dermis Hair Follicles Exocrine Glands Nails • Protects dermis from Papillary Layer Reticular Layer • Produce hairs that • Assist in • Protect and trauma, chemicals protect skull thermoregulation support tips • Nourishes and • Restricts spread of • Controls skin permeability, • Produce hairs that • Excrete wastes of fingers and supports pathogens prevents water loss provide delicate • Lubricate toes epidermis penetrating epidermis • Prevents entry of
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Basal Lamina in Neoplastic Disorganization of Tissue Architecture (Basement Membrane/Epithelial Cell Polarity/Cell Shape/Immunofluorescence) DONALD E
    Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 78, No. 6, pp. 3901-3905, June 1981 Medical Sciences Role of basal lamina in neoplastic disorganization of tissue architecture (basement membrane/epithelial cell polarity/cell shape/immunofluorescence) DONALD E. INGBER*, JOSEPH A. MADRIt, AND JAMES D. JAMIESON* *Section of Cell Biology and tDepartment of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 Communicated by Paul Greengard, March 13, 1981 ABSTRACT We have studied a transplantable carcinoma of ithelial form and orientation in embryogenesis (3) and is main- the rat pancreas [Reddy, J. K. & Rao, M. S. (1977) Science 198, tained throughout adult life. Thus, it is possible that neoplastic 78-80] that is composed ofcytologically differentiated acinar cells disorganization of epithelial architecture as well as malignant that have lost their epithelial orientation and do not form acini. invasion may result either from loss of maintenance of this ep- Light microscopy shows, however, consistent palisading, reorien- ithelial scaffolding or through the acquisition ofsome new trans- tation, and polarization of these cells in areas of contact with the formed cell product that compromises its structural integrity. vasculature. Electron microscopy reveals a normal basal lamina In order to investigate the role of BL in the maintenance of (BL) along the basal portions of repolarized tumor cells that is organized tissue structures as well as neoplastic disorganization, physically separate from the endothelial BL. We used indirect im- we studied rat exocrine munofluorescence to examine the distribution ofBL constituents, have a transplantable carcinoma ofthe laminin (Lm) and type IV collagen (type IV), within the different pancreas as a model system.
    [Show full text]
  • Morphological Alterations of the Eccrine Sweat Apparatus in Amputated Feet from Diabetes Mellitus Patients
    Showa Univ J Med Sci 27（2）, 93～102, June 2015 Original Morphological Alterations of the Eccrine Sweat Apparatus in Amputated Feet from Diabetes Mellitus Patients 1, 2, 3 2 4 Mikiko SUGIYAMA ）, Yuka SUZUKI ）, Hitoshi NEMOTO ）, 2 5 3 Tokio NAKADA ）, Hiroshi SUZUKI ）, Shigeki NAGATA ） 1, 2 and Hirohiko SUEKI＊ ） Abstract : Several physiological studies have demonstrated decreased or absent thermoregulatory sweating in the distal legs and feet of diabetes patients. Such hypohidrosis in diabetes patients is believed to be a clinical symptom of autonomic neuropathy. Thus, the present study sought to clarify the pathogenesis of structural alterations of the eccrine sweat apparatus in diabetes patients. For this study, we enrolled 17 patients with diabetic ulcers/gangrene who underwent amputation of the foot. Specimens were obtained 30 mm from the ulcer/gangrene after amputation using a 6-mm trepan, with 12 normal human skin samples obtained from areas adjacent to pigmented nevi or benign skin tumors on the legs or feet to serve as controls. Numbers and morphological abnormalities of eccrine sweat glands and ducts were assessed by light microscopy. The pathogenesis of morphological alterations was examined by electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy of type Ⅳ collagen. Rates of disappearance of the lumen, shrunken morphology, and irregular outlines of eccrine sweat glands and ducts were signicantly higher or more abundant in diabetes patients than in controls（ P＝0.0002 ～ 0.0001）. Ultra- structurally, we observed prominent thickening of the basement membranes in eccrine sweat glands, admixed cell debris, and narrowing of the lumenal space. The thickened basement membranes resulted in the shrunken morphology and irregular outlines in eccrine sweat glands and ducts.
    [Show full text]
  • Skin Stem Cell Niches
    Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (2012) 69:2573–2582 DOI 10.1007/s00018-012-0943-3 Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences REVIEW Home sweet home: skin stem cell niches Jill Goldstein • Valerie Horsley Received: 7 November 2011 / Revised: 8 February 2012 / Accepted: 13 February 2012 / Published online: 13 March 2012 Ó Springer Basel AG 2012 Abstract The epidermis and its appendages, such as the Dct Dopamine tautomerase hair follicle (HF), continually regenerate throughout post- DP Dermal papilla natal mammalian life due to the activity of resident Ebf1 Early B cell factor epithelial stem cells (SCs). The follicular SC niche, or the FACS Fluorescence activated cell sorting bulge, is composed of a heterogeneous population of self- FGF Fibroblast growth factor renewing multipotent cells. Multiple intrinsic molecular H2B Histone 2B mechanisms promote the transition of follicular SCs from HF Hair follicle quiescence to activation. In addition, numerous extrinsic Hh Hedgehog cell types influence the activity and characteristics of bulge IFE Interfollicular epidermis cells. Ultimately, the balance between these intrinsic and Lgr Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein extrinsic mechanisms influences the function of bulge cells coupled receptor during homeostasis and tissue regeneration and likely Lhx2 LIM homeobox 2 contributes to skin tumorigenesis. Here, we review both the Lrig1 Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like intrinsic and extrinsic factors that contribute to the skin SC domains 1 niche. NFATc1 Nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin-dependent 1 Keywords Skin Á Hair follicle Á Stem cell niche Á ORS Outer root sheath Cancer Runx1 Runt-related transcription factor 1 Sca-1 Stem cell antigen-1 Abbreviations SCC Squamous cell carcinoma BCC Basal cell carcinoma SCs Stem cells Bcl2 B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 SG Sebaceous gland Blimp1 B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 Sox9 Sex determining region Y-box 9 BMP Bone morphogenetic protein Tcf3 Transcription factor 3 BrdU Bromodeoxyuridine Tcf4 Transcription factor 4 Tgf-b Transforming growth factor-b V.
    [Show full text]
  • An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells
    medicina Article An Immunohistochemical Study of Gastric Mucosa and Critical Review Indicate That the Subepithelial Telocytes Are Prelymphatic Endothelial Cells Oana D. Toader 1, Mugurel C. Rusu 2,* , Lauren¸tiuMogoantă 3, Sorin Hostiuc 4 , Adelina Maria Jianu 5 and Adrian Cosmin Ilie 5 1 Department XIII of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Neonatology, “Polizu” Clinical Hospital, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania 2 Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania 3 Department of Histology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 2 Petru Rares Street, 200349 Craiova, Dolj, Romania 4 Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania 5 Division of Anatomy, “Victor Babe¸s”University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timi¸soara,Romania * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +4-072-236-3705 Received: 28 March 2019; Accepted: 20 June 2019; Published: 27 June 2019 Abstract: Background and Objectives: There are only a few studies regarding gut subepithelial telocytes (TCs). The telopodes, namely peculiar TCs’ prolongations described on two-dimensional cuts, are not enough to differentiate this specific cell type. Subepithelial TCs were associated with the intestinal stem niche but a proper differential diagnosis with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) was not performed. In this study, we will also critically review studies suggesting that distinctive TCs could be positioned within the lamina propria. Materials and Methods: We performed an immunohistochemical study of human gastric mucosa to test the expression of D2-40, the lymphatic marker, as well as that of CD31, CD34, CD44, CD117/c-kit, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin in the gastric subepithelial niche.
    [Show full text]
  • Review Apocrine Secretory Mechanism
    Histol Histopathol (2003) 18: 597-608 Histology and http://www.hh.um.es Histopathology Cellular and Molecular Biology Review Apocrine secretory mechanism: Recent findings and unresolved problems A.P. Gesase1 and Y. Satoh2 1Department of Anatomy/Histology, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania and 2Department of Histology, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan Summary. Cell secretion is an important physiological Introduction process that ensures smooth metabolic activities, tissue repair and growth and immunological functions in the Apocrine secretion occurs when secretory process is body. It occurs when the intracellular secretory materials accompanied with loss of part of the cell cytoplasm (Fig. are released to the exterior; these may be in the form of 1). The secretory materials may be contained in the lipids, protein or mucous and may travel through a duct secretory vesicles or dissolved in the cytoplasm and system or via blood to reach the target organ. To date during secretion they are released as cytoplasmic three types of secretory mechanisms have been fragments into the glandular lumen or interstitial space characterized, they include apocrine, holocrine and (Roy et al., 1978; Agnew et al., 1980; Ream and exocytosis. Apocrine secretion occurs when the release Principato, 1981; Messelt, 1982; Eggli et al., 1991; of secretory materials is accompanied with loss of part Gesase et al. 1996). It has been described in glands of of cytoplasm. The secretory materials may be contained the genital tract (Nicander et al., 1974; Aumuller and in the secretory vesicles or dissolved in the cytoplasm Adler, 1979; Guggenheim et al., 1979; Hohbach and that is lost during secretion.
    [Show full text]
  • Unusually Complex Basement Membranes in the Midgut of Two Decapod Crustaceans, the Stone Crab (Menippe Mercenaria) and the Lobster (Homarus Americanus)
    7/ THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 200:253-258 (1981) Unusually Complex Basement Membranes in the Midgut of Two Decapod Crustaceans, the Stone Crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the Lobster (Homarus americanus) JAN ROBERT FACTOR Smithsonian Institution, Ft. Pierce Bureau, Ft. Pierce, Florida 33450 ABSTRACT UltrastructuraJ studies of the stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) and the lobster [Homarus americanus) demonstrate that the basement membrane of the midgut (intestine) is unusually complex. In both species, the basement membrane is three-layered and has processes that form extensive networks pro- truding into the connective tissue. The possible functional significance of this complex structure is discussed. The basement membrane underlying epithe- clude cylinders or grid-like patterns, some- lial tissues is generally considered to be a con- times composed of hexagonal units. tinuous, electron-dense, extracellular sheet Ultrastructural studies of the connective tis- which ranges in thickness from 200 to 50,000 sue layer surrounding the digestive epithelium A and often appears fibrous or flocculent. in two decapod crustaceans, the stone crab When viewed at low magnifications, it has Menippe mercenaria (Brachyura: Xanthidae) been variously described in textbooks as and the lobster Homarus americanus "amorphous" (Threadgold, 76) or "homogene- (Macrura: Nephropidae), demonstrate that the ous" with poorly defined inner and outer limits basement membrane of the adult midgut (Fawcett, '66). Closer examination shows that (intestine) is unusually complex. This is the this layer may be a mat or meshwork of fine fil- first description of a complex basement aments embedded in an amorphous matrix membrane in this major group of (Bloom and Fawcett, 75). The basement mem- invertebrates.
    [Show full text]
  • Ultrastructural Changes of the Basal Lamina During the Hair Growth Cycle
    Downloaded from http://rupress.org/jcb/article-pdf/40/2/561/1385012/561.pdf by guest on 27 September 2021 ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE BASAL LAMINA DURING THE HAIR GROWTH CYCLE PAUL F. PARAKKAL. From the Department of Electron Microscopy, Oregon Regional Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006 INTRODUCTION scope. The details of these ultrastructural changes are reported below. The "hyaline membrane" (glassy or vitreous mem- brane), the noncellular layer that invests the entire MATERIALS AND METHODS hair follicle, is visible with the light microscope. During hair growth cycles (5), this membrane Small pieces of back skin from 19- to 22-day-old albino mice were excised and immersed in ice-cold undergoes characteristic morphological modifica- 1% osmium tetroxide buffered to pH 7.4-7.6 with tions. Under the light microscope, the hyaline either veronal acetate or phosphate (4, 6). The tissues membrane appears thin and inconspicuous around were fixed for 2 hr and then dehydrated in an ascend- the follicle during anagen and telogen (growing ing series of ethanol and embedded in Araldite (3). and resting phases of the hair follicle). At the 1 -1 sections were stained in azure blue B for ori- onset of catagen (the transitional phase between entation purposes. Thin sections were successively anagen and telogen), the PAS-positive membrane stained in aqueous uranyl acetate and lead citrate around the lower part of the follicle becomes (8) and then examined in an RCA EMU 3 F or hypertrophied. In the later stages of catagen, this Phillips EM 200 electron microscope. lower section of the follicle atrophies and the sur- RESULTS rounding hyaline membrane appears like a thick wrinkled sac (2, 5, 13).
    [Show full text]
  • Terminologia Histologica 10 Years On: Some Disputable Terms in Need
    Annals of Anatomy 226 (2019) 16–22 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Annals of Anatomy jou rnal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/aanat Research article Terminologia Histologica 10 years on: some disputable terms in need of discussion and recent developments a,∗ a b b c Ivan Varga , Paulína Gálfiová , Alzbetaˇ Blanková , Marek Konarik , Václav Bácaˇ , c d,e b a Vlasta Dvorákovaˇ , Vladimír Musil , Radovan Turyna , Martin Klein a Institute of Histology and Embryology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Medicine, Spitálskaˇ 24, SK-81372 Bratislava, Slovakia b Department of Anatomy, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, U Nemocnice 3, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic c Department of Health Care Studies, College of Polytechnics, Tolstého 16, 586 01 Jihlava, Czech Republic d Centre of Scientific Information, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ruská 87, 10000 Prague, Czech Republic e Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: At first sight, the issue of morphological terminology may seem to be a “closed and unchanging chapter”, Received 20 December 2018 as many of the structures within the human body have been known for decades or even centuries. How- Received in revised form 6 July 2019 ever, the exact opposite is true. The initial knowledge of the microscopic structure of the human body Accepted 9 July 2019 has been continuously broadening thanks to the development of new specialized staining techniques, discovery of the electron microscope, or later application of histochemical and immunohistochemical Keywords: methods into routine tissue examination.
    [Show full text]