CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E650 HON

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E650 HON E650 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Ð Extensions of Remarks April 23, 1998 and in some cases sacrificed their lives so TRIBUTE TO JACK TRAMIEL success in view of the immense obstacles that that we may lead free and prosperous lives impeded their path makes their stories all the we now have in the United States. It also HON. TOM LANTOS more remarkable. sends a dangerous signal to America's youth OF CALIFORNIA One other element that is also common to that it is appropriate to disrespect and dis- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these five outstanding business leadersÐthey count devotion to one's community and coun- are ``Founders'' of the U.S. Holocaust Memo- Thursday, April 23, 1998 try. This is simply unacceptable. rial Museum here in Washington, D.C. They Mr. Speaker, the Daughters of the American Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, today represent- have shown a strong commitment to remem- Revolution have always fostered and pre- atives of the Congress, the Administration, bering the brutal horrors of the Holocaust, served the very ideals of basic human free- and the Supreme Court gathered in the Great paying honor to its victims, and working to dom and loyalty to family, community, and na- Rotunda of this historic building for the Na- prevent the repetition of this vicious inhuman- tion which our flag symbolizes. I ask all mem- tional Civic Commemoration to remember the ity. bers to join me in thanking and commending victims of the Holocaust. This annual national Mr. Speaker, Jack Tramiel is one of the five the Willard's Mountain Chapter of the NSDAR memorial service pay tribute to the six million Holocaust survivors and leading American en- on behalf of all Americans, especially those in Jews who died through senseless and system- trepreneurs highlighted in this article. Jack our local communities in upstate New York, for atic Nazi terror and brutality. At this somber began as a typewriter repairman and moved their impressive efforts over the years in en- commemoration, we also honored those he- on to establish his own firm, Commodore, suring that patriotism and pride in our nation roic American and other Allied forces who lib- which initially manufactured typewriters and will remain alive and well in America for many erated the Nazi concentration camps over half adding machines. In 1976 he moved into the years to come! a century ago. field of computers and took Commodore to Mr. Speaker, this past week Fortune Maga- $700 million in sales in 1983. As we here in f zine (April 13, 1998) devoted several pages to the Congress mark the annual Days of Re- an article entitled ``Everything in History was membrance in honor of the victims of Nazi ter- HONORING VARIAN ASSOCIATES, Against Them,'' which profiles five survivors of ror, I am inserting the profile of Jack Tramiel INC. Nazi savagery who came to the United States from Fortune Magazine be placed in the penniless and built fortunes here in their RECORD. HON. ANNA G. ESHOO adopted homeland. It is significant, Mr. Speak- JACK TRAMIELÐSILICON VALLEY FOUNDER, OF CALIFORNIA er, that four of these five are residents of my COMMODORE INTL. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES home state of California. Mr. Jack Tramiel of Only 10 when the Nazis marched into his city of Lodz, Poland, in 1939, Jack Tramiel Thursday, April 23, 1998 the San Francisco Bay Area, was one of the five that Fortune Magazine selected to high- (then named Idek Tramielski) initially had a Ms. ESHOO. Mr. Speaker, I rise today to light in this extraordinary article, and I want to kid's thrilled reaction to the sheer spectacle honor Varian Associates, Inc. upon their 50th of the scene: weapons glinting in the sun, pay tribute to him today. soldiers goose-stepping, planes overhead. ``It anniversary of incorporation. Jack Tramiel, like the other four singled out was a fantastic thing,'' he remembers. Varian Associates was formed by brothers by Fortune Magazine, has a unique story, but Reality crashed down after that. Lodz's Russell and Sigurd Varian, along with a num- there are common threads to these five tales JewsÐone-third of the city's 600,000 peopleÐ ber of associates from Stanford University. of personal success. The story of the penni- were ordered out of their homes and into a The company first opened its doors July 1, less immigrant who succeeds in America is a crowded ghetto. For nearly five years Jack 1948, with just six employees and total capital familiar theme in our nation's lore, but these (an only child) and his parents lived there in of $22,000 to conduct general research in the one room, scavenged for food, and workedÐ stories involve a degree of courage and deter- his father at shoemaking, Jack in a pants field of physical science. Varian was one of mination unmatched in the most inspiring of factory. The faces that the Tramiels saw in the first companies to recognize the signifi- Horatio Alger's stories. the ghetto changed constantly: Jews left, cance and importance of a strong industry-uni- These men were, in the words of author new Jews came in, often from other coun- versity connection, and encouraged the forma- Carol J. Loomis, ``Holocaust survivors in the tries. Later Tramiel learned that the Jewish tion of Stanford Industrial Park, becoming its most rigorous sense,'' they ``actually experi- leader of the ghetto was parceling out its initial resident. Varian has grown from its mod- enced the most awful horrors of the Holo- residents to the Germans, believing that the est beginnings into one of Silicon Valley's community would be left in relative peace as caust, enduring a Nazi death camp or a con- long as he periodically delivered up a contin- greatest success stories, winning over 10,000 centration camp or one of the ghettos that gent of its residents for deportationÐand no patents, receiving countless Industrial Re- were essentially holding pens for those doubt extermination. search 100 Awards, and continually producing camps.'' In August 1944 the Tramiels themselves one or more of our nation's 100 most promis- They picked themselves up ``from the very were herded into railroad cars, told they ing new products yearly. cruelest of circumstances, they traveled to were going to Germany to better themselves, Varian has evolved into a world leader in its America and prospered as businessmen. They and instead shipped to Auschwitz. Jack's most vivid memory of the three-day trip is current line of businessÐhealth care systems, did it, to borrow a phrase from Elie Wiesel, that each person received a whole loaf of analytical instruments, and semiconductor when everything in history was against them.'' bread as a rationÐa feast beyond his imagi- manufacturing equipment. The company em- They were teenagers or younger when World nation. At journey's end, the men were sepa- ploys over 7,000 individuals at over 100 plants War II began. They lost six years of their rated from the women (at which point Jack and offices in nine countries, and generates youth and six years of education. ``they were lost track of his mother) and then them- sales well in excess of one billion dollars an- deprived of liberty and shorn of dignity. All lost selves split into two groups, one permitted nually. Since its inception, Varian has had a relatives, and most lost one or both parents. for the time being to live, the other sent to strong commitment to our community, exem- Auschwitz's gas chambers. Jack and his fa- Each . was forced to live constantly with ther were thumbed into the group that sur- plified by its establishment of our nation's sec- the threat of death and the knowledge that vived. ond Minority Small Business Investment Com- next time he might be `thumbed' not into a line A few weeks later, Jack and his father pany and its leadership role with the Urban of prisoners allowed to live, but into another were ``examined'' by the notorious Dr. Josef Coalition on fair housing, among others. line headed for the gas chambers.'' Through Mengele and thumbed again into a survivors Varian was recognized by Industry Week Mag- luck and the sheer will to survive, these were line. ``What do you meanÐexamine?'' azine as one of the World's 100 Best Man- some of the very fortunate who lived to tell the Tramiel is asked. ``He touched my testicles. He judged whether we were strong enough to aged Companies in 1997. story of that horror. work.'' Having passed, Tramiel and his fa- Over the last 50 years, Varian has become The second part of their stories is also simi- ther were transported to a spot just outside one of our nation's most successful compa- larÐa variant of the American dream. These Hanover, Germany, and there set to building nies. Varian is a jewel in the crown of the 14th courageous men came to the United States a concentration camp into whose barracks Congressional District of California and Silicon with ``little English and less money.'' Despite they themselves moved. In weather that was Valley. their lack of friends and mentors, they found often bitter cold, they worked in thin, pa- Mr. Speaker, I ask my colleagues to join me the drive to succeed. As Loomis notes, ``many jama-like garments, and they grew increas- ingly emaciated on a deprivation diet: wa- in celebrating the 50th anniversary of Varian's millions who were unencumbered by the tery ``soup'' and bread in the morning, and a inception and in commending the company for heavy, exhausting baggage of the Holocaust potato, bread, and more ``soup'' at night.
Recommended publications
  • New Book on Commodore’S First Computer, the Bil Herd — AKA “The Animal,” He PET
    Fort Worth Dallas Atari, and Nintendo. Designer of New Book on Commodore’s first computer, the Bil Herd — AKA “The Animal,” he PET. His relationship with Jack designed the ill-fated Plus/4 Commodore Tramiel eventually soured with computer and later went on to disastrous consequences. design the Commodore 128. Known About the Book to wrestle executives in the hallways September 2005 Robert Yannes — Frustrated of Commodore. Responsible for The Spectacular Rise and Fall of musician and synthesizer aficionado. many holes in the walls of Commodore tells the story of Designed the Commodore 64 and Commodore headquarters. Commodore through first-hand its famous sound chip, the SID. accounts by the actual Commodore Jay Miner — Brilliant ex-Atari engineers and managers who made Al Charpentier — Chain smoking engineer responsible for the Atari the company. From their entry into computer graphics pioneer and 800 computer. Co-designer of the computers in 1976 until their demise architect of the VIC and VIC-II Atari 2600. Inventor of the ground in 1994, the Commodore years were chips. breaking Amiga computer for always turbulent and exciting. Commodore. All his projects were Commodore had astounding success Thomas Rattigan — One time co-designed by his faithful dog and with their computers, including the President and CEO of Commodore official Commodore employee, Pet, the Vic-20, the Commodore 64 computers who saved the company Mitchy. and the incredible Amiga computers. from bankruptcy, only to collide Although other companies received with financier Irving Gould. On his George Robbins — Designer of the more press, Commodore sold more last day with Commodore he was low cost Amiga 500 computer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, 25Th Chaos Communication Congress 2008
    The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, http://www.pagetable.com/ 25th Chaos Communication Congress 2008 Retrocomputing is cool as never before. People play Look and Feel C64 games in emulators and listen to SID music, but few people know much about the C64 architecture A C64 only needs to be connected to power and a TV and its limitations, and what programming was like set (or monitor) to be fully functional. When turned back then. This paper attempts to give a comprehen- on, it shows a blue-on-blue theme with a startup mes- sive overview of the Commodore 64, including its in- sage and drops into a BASIC interpreter derived from ternals and quirks, making the point that classic Microsoft BASIC. In order to load and save BASIC computer systems aren't all that hard to understand - programs or use third party software, the C64 re- and that programmers today should be more aware of quires mass storage - either a “datasette” cassette the art that programming once used to be. tape drive or a disk drive like the 5.25" Commodore 1541. Commodore History Unless the user really wanted to interact with the BA- SIC interpreter, he would typically only use the BA- Commodore Business Machines was founded in 1962 SIC instructions LOAD, LIST and RUN in order to by Jack Tramiel. The company specialized on elec- access mass storage. LOAD"$",8 followed by LIST tronic calculators, and in 1976, Commodore bought shows the directory of the disk in the drive, and the chip manufacturer MOS Technology and decided LOAD"filename",8 followed by RUN would load and to have Chuck Peddle from MOS evolve their KIM-1 start a program.
    [Show full text]
  • Extensions of Remarks 6687 Extensions of Remarks
    April 23, 1998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6687 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM replenished her spirit at the Carmel Mission mediately faced the dual challenges of restruc­ Basilica where she was a faithful parishioner. turing both a centralized economy and authori­ HON. RON KIND She cared for her fourteen grandchildren and tarian political system. Unlike the often erratic OF WISCONSIN five great-grandchildren with her own special progression of other post-Soviet nations, IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kind of gentle compassion, providing a model Ukraine has moved cautiously and steadily to­ of humanity that they will carry with them al­ ward a free-market economy and multi-party Thursday , Apr il 23, 1998 ways. democracy. Just last month, Ukraine success­ Mr. KIND. Mr. Speaker, the announcement Her death at the age of 87 was a loss, but fully held its first national Parliamentary elec­ by the House leadership to allow an open and her generous spirit will continue to warm and tions under a new democratic Constitution and honest debate on campaign finance reform nurture the community through the memories recently passed federal election law. Nearly has been cheered by editorials and reform ac­ she has left with us. seventy percent of the citizenry turned out to tivists throughout the country. I, however, am cast a ballot in this monumental election. withholding my enthusiasm. We have been Any transition of this magnitude, however, given false promises before and I will not cele­ RECOGNIZING GEORGE DICKINSON will naturally encounter both progress, as well brate until we actually take part in a truly open as setbacks.
    [Show full text]
  • “Chuck” Peddle
    Oral History of Charles Ingerham “Chuck” Peddle Interviewed by: Douglas Fairbairn and Stephen Diamond Recorded: June 12, 2014 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X7180.2014 © 2014 Computer History Museum Oral History of Charles Ingerham “Chuck” Peddle Doug Fairbairn: OK. So it's June 12, 2014. We're here at the Computer History Museum. I'm Doug Fairbairn and we're talking with Chuck Peddle, who's the creator of a number of very important things in the microprocessor and personal computer and other things we'll be discussing as part of this oral history. So Chuck, we're delighted to have you here. And thank you for coming over and spending the time with us. Chuck Peddle: Yeah I'd like to go on record right now saying what you guys are doing-- the idea about getting all the old men to come over and talk-- is a great idea. I don't know who came up with it, but it really is something that needs to happen. And it's consistent with-- Fairbairn: Well thank you. Peddle: --it's consistent with what you're doing with the museum. But catching these guys while they're still alive-- I suspect you thought probably Jobs brought it home to you. Stephen Diamond: Well we actually didn't get Jobs in an oral history like this-- Peddle: That's what I'm saying. That's what I'm saying. Fairbairn: --but that's an example. Peddle: Yeah, I think that may have been one of the things that triggered you starting it.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the Amiga by Jeremy Reimer
    A history of the Amiga By Jeremy Reimer 1 part 1: Genesis 3 part 2: The birth of Amiga 13 part 3: The first prototype 19 part 4: Enter Commodore 27 part 5: Postlaunch blues 39 part 6: Stopping the bleeding 48 part 7: Game on! 60 Shadow of the 16-bit Beast 71 2 A history of the Amiga, part 1: Genesis By Jeremy Reimer Prologue: the last day April 24, 1994 The flag was flying at half-mast when Dave Haynie drove up to the headquarters of Commodore International for what would be the last time. Dave had worked for Commodore at its West Chester, Pennsylvania, headquarters for eleven years as a hardware engineer. His job was to work on advanced products, like the revolutionary AAA chipset that would have again made the Amiga computer the fastest and most powerful multimedia machine available. But AAA, like most of the projects underway at Commodore, had been canceled in a series of cost-cutting measures, the most recent of which had reduced the staff of over one thousand people at the factory to less than thirty. "Bringing your camera on the last day, eh Dave?" the receptionist asked in a resigned voice."Yeah, well, they can't yell at me for spreading secrets any more, can they?" he replied. Dave took his camera on a tour of the factory, his low voice echoing through the empty hallways. "I just thought about it this morning," he said, referring to his idea to film the last moments of the company for which he had given so much of his life.
    [Show full text]
  • A Commodore 64 Retrospective Roberto Dillon
    Roberto Dillon Ready A Commodore 64 Retrospective Ready Roberto Dillon Ready A Commodore 64 Retrospective 1 3 Roberto Dillon James Cook University Singapore Singapore ISBN 978-981-287-340-8 ISBN 978-981-287-341-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-981-287-341-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014955994 Springer Singapore Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business
    [Show full text]
  • Commodore Enters in the Play “Business Is War, I Don't Believe in Compromising, I Believe in Winning” - Jack Tramiel
    Commodore enters in the play “Business is war, I don't believe in compromising, I believe in winning” - Jack_Tramiel Commodore_International Logo Commodore International was an American home computer and electronics manufacturer founded by Jack Tramiel. Commodore International (CI), along with its subsidiary Commodore Business Machines (CBM), participated in the development of the home personal computer industry in the 1970s and 1980s. CBM developed and marketed the world's best-selling desktop computer, the Commodore 64 (1982), and released its Amiga computer line in July 1985. With quarterly sales ending 1983 of $49 million (equivalent to $106 million in 2018), Commodore was one of the world's largest personal computer manufacturers. Commodore: the beginnings The company that would become Commodore Business Machines, Inc. was founded in 1954 in Toronto as the Commodore Portable Typewriter Company by Polish-Jewish immigrant and Auschwitz survivor Jack Tramiel. By the late 1950s a wave of Japanese machines forced most North American typewriter companies to cease business, but Tramiel instead turned to adding machines. In 1955, the company was formally incorporated as Commodore Business Machines, Inc. (CBM) in Canada. In 1962 Commodore went public on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), under the name of Commodore International Limited. Commodore soon had a profitable calculator line and was one of the more popular brands in the early 1970s, producing both consumer as well as scientific/programmable calculators. However, in 1975, Texas Instruments, the main supplier of calculator parts, entered the market directly and put out a line of machines priced at less than Commodore's cost for the parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Jack Tramiel Czy Idek Tramielski? 8 Kwietnia 2012 R
    POLSKI ODKRYWCA JaCK TraMiel CZY IdeK TraMielSKI? 8 kwietnia 2012 r. zmarł w Monte Sereno w Kalifornii Jack Tremiel, legendarny założyciel i prezes firmy Commodore. Miał 83 lata. To jeden z najbardziej tajemniczych i twórczych wynalazców polskiego pochodzenia WITOLD IwAńCZAK rodził się w Łodzi 13 grudnia 1928 r. I choć są tej chwili. Zmarł najprawdopodobniej na ments. To poważnie ograniczało politykę źródła, które podają, że urodził się 1927 lub tyfus, ale jest też wersja, że został uśmierco- marketingową firmy ze względu na ceny U1929 r., to jednak on sam twierdził, że przy- ny zastrzykiem podczas jednego z niemiec- chipsetów dyktowane przez ich dostaw- szedł na świat w 1928 r., m.in. w wywiadzie, jaki kich pseudoeksperymentów medycznych. cę. Kolejnym posunięciem Tramiela było został zamieszczony w piśmie „Bajtek” na początku Pod opieką aliantów Tramielski pozostał więc kupienie firmy MOS, produkującej 1987 r. Nie znalazłem natomiast jego wypowiedzi w obozie dla uchodźców jeszcze dwa lata, konkurencyjne chipsety, co w połowie na temat spekulacji, jak naprawdę się wówczas próbując wrócić do normalności. internet lat 70. zaowocowało wyprodukowaniem Jack Tramiel nazywał. Jedne źródła podają, że jego prawdziwe pierwszego komputera Commodore – PET. imię i nazwisko to Jacek Trzmiel, a inne – że Idek Emigracja Jack nie chciał ryzykować z budową włas- Tramielski. Ważne, że był Polakiem żydowskiego W 1947 r. wyemigrował do Stanów Zjednoczonych nego komputera od podstaw, dlatego próbował pochodzenia, i tego się nigdy nie wyparł. i trafił do Nowego Jorku. – Za podróż zapłaciła kupić firmę Apple Inc. Cena była jednak za wysoka. organizacja żydowska, która w Ameryce na drobne Hitem firmy Commodore stał się kolejny model Okres wojny wydatki dała mi 10 dolarów – wspominał, dodając: komputera – VIC-20, który wyprodukowany był już Gdy Idek Tramielski miał niespełna 10 lat, wybu- – Tam, wśród emigrantów, czułem się jak w Polsce, w milionach egzemplarzy.
    [Show full text]
  • OF the 1980S
    THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s 23 THAT MADE THE HOME COMPUTER REVOLUTION OF THE 1980s First published in 2021 by Raspberry Pi Trading Ltd, Maurice Wilkes Building, St. John’s Innovation Park, Cowley Road, Cambridge, CB4 0DS Publishing Director Editors Russell Barnes Phil King, Simon Brew Sub Editor Design Nicola King Critical Media Illustrations CEO Sam Alder with Brian O Halloran Eben Upton ISBN 978-1-912047-90-1 The publisher, and contributors accept no responsibility in respect of any omissions or errors relating to goods, products or services referred to or advertised in this book. Except where otherwise noted, the content of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0). Contents Introduction. 6 Research Machines 380Z. 8 Commodore PET 2001. 18 Apple II. 36 Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81. 46 Commodore VIC-20 . 60 IBM Personal Computer (5150). 78 BBC Micro . 90 Sinclair ZX Spectrum. 114 Dragon 32. 138 Commodore 64. 150 Acorn Electron . .166 Apple Macintosh . .176 Amstrad CPC 464. 194 Sinclair QL . .210 Atari 520ST. 222 Commodore Amiga. 234 Amstrad PCW 8256. 256 Acorn Archimedes . .268 Epilogue: Whatever happened to the British PC? . .280 Acknowledgements . 281 Further reading, further viewing, and forums. 283 Index . .286 The chapters are arranged in order of each computer’s availability in the UK, as reflected by each model’s date of review in Personal Computer World magazine. Introduction The 1980s was, categorically, the best decade ever. Not just because it gave us Duran Duran and E.T., not even because of the Sony Walkman.
    [Show full text]
  • From Electronic to Video Gaming (Computing in Canada: Historical
    From Electronic to Video Gaming (Computing in Canada: Historical Assessment Update) Sharing the Fun: Video Games in Canada, 1950-2015 Canada Science and Technology Museum Version 2 — January 30, 2015 Jean-Louis Trudel 1 Introduction Why is the playing of games so important? Even today, the approximately two billion dollars generated in GDP for the Canadian economy by the indigenous video game industry is far outweighed by the $155 billion in annual revenues of the overall information and communications technology (ICT) field. Similarly, while the video game industry may claim about 16,000 employees, the entire ICT sector employs over 520,000 Canadians. 1 Yet, 65 video game and computer science programs have sprung up in Canadian colleges and universities to cater to this new field where 97% of new graduate hires happen within Canada. 2 Furthermore, electronic gaming has become a pervasive form of entertainment, with 61% of Canadian households reporting by 2012 that they owned at least one game console and about 30% of Canadians playing every single day. 3 With the increasing adoption of mobile platforms (smartphones, tablets) available for use throughout the day, that percentage is expected to rise. Indeed, by 2014, 54% of Canadians had played a computer or video game within the past four weeks. 4 Therefore, paying attention to an industry that is able to capture the attention of so many Canadians on a regular basis is a recognition of its catering to a very deep-seated human instinct, sometimes identified as a neotenous feature rooted in early hominid evolution. Playfulness has long been recognized as a basic wellspring of human existence.
    [Show full text]
  • Electronic Dreams: How 1980S Britain Learned to Love the Computer. London: Bloomsbury Sigma, 2016
    Lean, Tom. "The Boom." Electronic Dreams: How 1980s Britain Learned to Love the Computer. London: Bloomsbury Sigma, 2016. 115–141. Bloomsbury Collections. Web. 28 Sep. 2021. <http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472936653.0008>. Downloaded from Bloomsbury Collections, www.bloomsburycollections.com, 28 September 2021, 15:11 UTC. Copyright © Tom Lean 2016. You may share this work for non-commercial purposes only, provided you give attribution to the copyright holder and the publisher, and provide a link to the Creative Commons licence. CHAPTER FIVE The Boom uying from a computer shop could be a bewildering Bexperience in 1983. You enter in search of expert help, tentatively move your way past the screens fl ashing with the newest games, racks of computer magazines and programming books, and fi nd a pale teenager who seems to work here. ‘ You want to buy your fi rst computer? ’ he asks ‘ Well, let ’ s see what we ’ ve got in stock … want to learn about computers? How about trying a ZX81? A bit old, and black and white, and the keyboard is a piece of plastic, but it ’ s cheap and there ’ s lots of software for it … Perhaps a BBC Micro? It’ s the one the kids use at school, and it ’ s been on television a lot, and its got Econet, the Tube, a printer port, ah but it’ s £ 400 … maybe something cheaper? The Oric ’ s quite nice if you like a 6502 machine, but there ’ s loads more games for the Spectrum… You don ’ t like the rubber keyboard? I ’ d off er you an Electron but we ’ ve got none in, so try a good old VIC-20, it ’ s only got 5k of RAM but we sell an expansion pack.
    [Show full text]
  • Shiraz Shivji (Wikipedia)
    Shiraz Shivji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 2 Shiraz Shivji From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Shiraz Shivji (*1947 in Tansania) was the primary designer of the Atari ST computer, and one of the engineers behind the Commodore 64. Contents ■ 1 Biography ■ 1.1 Atari ST design ■ 1.2 Momenta design ■ 2 External links Biography Shiraz Shivji studied electrical engineering at Stanford University in 1969-1973. Atari ST design When Jack Tramiel took over Atari in 1984 with a number of Commodore engineers, the company was in bad shape. Shiraz Shivji became Atari's Vice President of Research and Development, and led a team of six engineers who designed the Atari 520ST computer. This work was completed in a remarkably short five months (July to December 1984). The prototype presentation at the January 1985 Las Vegas CES was a great coup for Atari, and the product revived the company. Shivji had designed the Atari ST as the first member of a family. He later led the design of the Atari TT before leaving Atari. Momenta design After leaving Atari, Shivji designed the Momenta Pen Computer in 1991. This was one of the first full- sized tablet computers with a sophisticated hardware for that time. However, its operating system was based on DOS and did not deliver sufficient applications for its graphical user interface. External links ■ First Antics Awards (http://www.atarimagazines.com/v5n1/anticawards.html) ■ Three years of the ST (http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv3n1/threeyearsofst.html) ■ Father of the ST (http://www.geocities.com/siliconvalley/peaks/6320/ard/misc/whatever.htm) ■ A tribute to the ST (http://alive.atari.org/alive0/stbirth.php) ■ Momenta computer (http://www.byte.com/art/9611/sec4/art1.htm) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz_Shivji 5/13/2009 Shiraz Shivji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 2 of 2 Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiraz_Shivji" Categories: Living people | Atari | Commodore International | Year of birth missing (living people) ■ This page was last modified on 11 December 2008, at 12:24 (UTC).
    [Show full text]