November 2012 lec ir E tion Fa N e & t w e e o r r

k FAFEN F Education Institution Monitor A report based on monitoring of 90 F AFEN government girls' secondary schools in 61 districts

Vol: 4, Issue: 136/Nov 2012 Teaching positions vacant in girls' secondary schools - Low government oversight

Out of the sanctioned 2,246 teaching positions for 90 schools monitored across 61 districts in October, 218 were unoccupied - a vacancy rate of 10%. Sindh had the highest percentage of vacant positions (22%), followed by Balochistan, (8% each) and Punjab (5%). FAFEN observers reported that on average 7% non-teaching slots were also not filled – Punjab (11%), Balochistan (8%), Sindh (5%) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (5%). As for certain non-teaching staff, 20% schools did not have services of sanitary workers, 17% had no watchmen with 2% without peons. Thirty one percent schools had no Physical Training Instructors and 38% lacked playgrounds. Similarly, 33% were without apparatus for conducting science experiments while 42% did not have libraries. However, all schools operated out of proper buildings; 99% had windows, lights and black/white boards in classrooms; 93% had chairs and tables for teachers and 90% had benches and desks for students. The monitors found students-per-teacher ratio of 30 as satisfactory and below the government-set limit, which is 50. Among regions, Capital Territory had the highest number of students per teacher (42), followed by Graph A: Percentage of monitored schools by region Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (39), Sindh (33), Punjab (27) ICT, 1% and Balochistan (21).

The teachers' and students' attendance was above Sindh, 24% 75% in more than four-fifths of the monitored Punjab, 38% schools. However, the observers reported teachers' attendance being below 50% in a Sindh school while students' attendance was this low in two schools in Sindh and one in Balochistan. A lot of the issues highlighted here can be resolved through regular and informed oversight of the KP, 32% relevant authorities. The data suggests very low Balochistan, oversight of government/elected officials during the 4% July-September 2012 quarter. Only 36 visits were made to the monitored schools - 18 by the Executive District Officers (EDOs) followed by some other government officials (13), elected representatives (3) and Members Provincial Assemblies (2). Schools in Punjab had the most such visits (19), followed by Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (9), Sindh (7) and Balochistan (1). Detailed findings FAFEN monitored 90 government girls' secondary schools in 61 districts in October. These included Punjab (34 schools; 24 districts), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (29; 18), Sindh (22; 14), Balochistan (4; 4) and Islamabad Capital Territory (1; 1). 1. Teaching positions Out of the sanctioned 2,246 teaching positions, 2,028 were filled leaving 10% slots vacant. Sindh had the highest vacancy rate (22%) where 117 out of the sanctioned 542 positions remained unoccupied. Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa followed with 8% vacancy rates – Balochistan (202 sanctioned; 185 appointed) and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (370; 340). In Punjab, 1,072 teachers were appointed against the 1,124 sanctioned positions. The school monitored in Islamabad Capital Territory had all eight positions filled. Number of sanctioned Number of teachers Vacant teaching Institutions sharing S. # Province teaching positions posted in the school positions (%) information 1. Punjab 1124 1072 4.63 34 2. KP 370 340 8.11 29 3. Balochistan 202 185 8.42 4 4. Sindh 542 423 21.96 21 5. ICT 8 8 0.00 1 Total 2246 2028 9.71 89 2. Non-teaching positions As for non-teaching positions, 610 appointments were made against the sanctioned 656 leaving 7% slots vacant. Region-wise, Punjab (11%) had the highest vacancy rate where 32 out of the sanctioned 299 positions lay vacant. Balochistan followed with an 8% vacancy rate, Sindh (5%), and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (3%). Number of sanctioned Number of non-teaching Vacant non-teaching Institutions sharing S. # Province non-teaching positions staff posted in the school positions (%) information 1. Punjab 299 267 10.70 34 2. KP 159 155 2.52 29 3. Balochistan 24 22 8.33 4 4. Sindh 169 161 4.73 20 5. ICT 5 5 0.00 1 Total 656 610 7.01 88 3. Number of students-per-teacher by region The monitored schools reported students-per-teacher ratio to be 30 - well below the government-set limit of 50 for secondary schools. The 90 monitored schools had 2,088 teachers appointed for 62,397 students. On average, the number of students- per-teacher was 21 in Balochistan (3,898 students; 185 teachers). In Punjab this stood at 27 where 28,735 students had 1,072 teachers. The number was 33 in Sindh (16,112; 483) and 39 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (13,317; 340). The highest number of students-per-teacher ratio was recorded in the school monitored in Islamabad Capital Territory (42) that had 335 students on roll and eight teachers appointed. Teachers posted in Students enrolled in Number of students per S. # Province Number of schools the school the school teacher 1. Punjab 34 1072 28735 27 2. KP 29 340 13317 39 3. Balochistan 4 185 3898 21 4. Sindh 22 483 16112 33 5. ICT 1 8 335 42 Total 90 2088 62397 30

2 w w w . f a f e n . o r g

4. Teachers' attendance FAFEN observers found teachers' attendance satisfactory in 84 schools, being above 75%. Five schools – three in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and one each in Punjab and Sindh – had attendance between 51% and 75%. Only one school in Sindh reported this to be below 50%. S. # Percentage of teachers present Punjab KP Balochistan Sindh ICT Total 1. Below 25% 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. 26% to 50% 0 0 0 1 0 1 3. 51% to 75% 1 3 0 1 0 5 4. 76% to 100% 33 26 4 20 1 84 5. Above 100% 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 34 29 4 22 1 90 5. Students' attendance Seventy six schools had satisfactory students' attendance which was above 76%. However, 11 recorded it between 51% and 75% while three schools – two in Sindh and one in Balochistan – had below 50% attendance. S. # Percentage of students present Punjab KP Balochistan Sindh ICT Total 1. Below 25% 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. 26% to 50% 0 0 1 2 0 3 3. 51% to 75% 1 1 0 9 0 11 4. 76% to 100% 33 28 3 11 1 76 5. Above 100% 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 34 29 4 22 1 90 6. Buildings and facilities All the monitored schools were housed in proper buildings; 93% had boundary walls with 99% found clean. Ninety nine percent schools had windows, lights and black/white boards in classrooms, fans and electricity connections. Another 93% percent had chairs and tables for teachers and 90% having benches and desks for students. Ninety percent schools had arrangements for drinking water with 81% displaying attendance of students and teachers.

Monitoring Methodology The Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN) has launched a nationwide initiative to monitor governance processes under its Supporting Transparency Accountability and Electoral Processes (STAEP) as part of its mandate to strengthen all forms of democratic accountabilities in Pakistan. Objective information about governance processes is vital to encourage informed engagement of citizenry with elected and public institutions for progressive outputs. FAFEN Governance Monitoring aims at enriching the public discourse and debate on governance and developing research-based recommendations for reforms. FAFEN advocates for transparency, accountability, responsiveness, representativeness and public participation as essential elements of democratic governance to enhance the output, efficiency and effectiveness of all elected and public institutions. FAFEN Governance Monitors visit schools and colleges, heath facilities, police stations and other public institutions to monitor and evaluate their efficiency and efficacy in 200 National Assembly constituencies of 119 districts in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Sindh, Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT). In addition, FAFEN is also monitoring complaints handling mechanisms of various public institutions to gauge their effectiveness. Trained FAFEN Governance Monitors fill out standardized checklists during their monitoring visits, employing interviewing and observation techniques, and then transmit the data to the FAFEN Secretariat in Islamabad for data entry, cleaning and analysis. FAFEN plans to produce monthly thematic reports such as this one. This information will also contribute to FAFEN Bi-Annual State of Governance in Pakistan Reports. FAFEN Governance Monitoring reports are based on non-probability sampling, and their findings should not be considered national or provincial generalizations. However, FAFEN's outreach across the country allows it to access most districts as well as urban and rural areas. Standardized methodology is applied across Pakistan to draw information in a uniform way through observation and interviewing. The observation and interviews are recorded on a standardized checklist. All information received at the FAFEN Secretariat is verified through multiple sources for authenticity and accuracy. These reports provide data analysis and inferences only for the monitored institutions within the sample. These reports are meant to present to relevant stakeholders a consolidated and current snapshot of the state of governance in public institutions in order to inspire public dialogue and as a contribution towards targeted interventions and reforms. However, FAFEN's unique methodology to assess and evaluate governance processes continues to evolve. Any inaccuracies that may be noticed in the data or suggestions for improvement in the methodology can be sent to the email address at the end of this report.

3 In contrast, 42% schools lacked libraries; 33% did not have apparatus for science experiments and 38% were without playgrounds. Thirty one percent schools did not have the services of Physical Training Instructors. As for other non-teaching staff, 98% schools had peons, 83% had watchmen with 80% having sanitary workers.

S. # Buildings and facilities Province Punjab KP Balochistan Sindh ICT Total Yes 34 28 4 22 1 89 1. The classrooms are clean No 0 1 0 0 0 1 Yes 34 29 4 22 1 90 2. The school is housed in a building No 0 0 0 0 0 0 There is a boundary wall around the school Yes 32 25 4 22 1 84 3. building No 2 4 0 0 0 6 Yes 34 28 4 22 1 89 4. All classrooms have windows and lights No 0 1 0 0 0 1 All classrooms have desks and benches/chairs Yes 32 22 4 22 1 81 5. for students No 2 7 0 0 0 9 Yes 34 28 4 22 1 89 6. All the classrooms have black (white) boards No 0 1 0 0 0 1 Yes 32 25 4 22 1 84 7. Classrooms have chairs and tables for teachers No 2 4 0 0 0 6 The daily attendance of students and teachers is Yes 27 27 3 15 1 73 8. displayed at a prominent place No 7 2 1 7 0 17 The school had clean drinking water Yes 33 22 4 21 1 81 9. arrangements for students No 1 7 0 1 0 9 Yes 25 16 4 6 1 52 10. The school has a library No 9 13 0 16 0 38 The school has a serving Physical Training Yes 24 24 3 10 1 62 11. Instructor (PTI) No 10 5 1 12 0 28 The school has apparatus for science Yes 23 19 3 14 1 60 12. experiments No 11 10 1 8 0 30 Yes 34 29 4 21 1 89 13. The school has electricity No 0 0 0 1 0 1 Yes 33 29 4 22 1 89 14. The school has fans in all class-rooms No 1 0 0 0 0 1 Yes 33 28 4 22 1 88 15. The school has peon No 1 1 0 0 0 2 Yes 23 12 3 17 1 56 16. The school has playground for students No 11 17 1 5 0 34 Yes 29 21 4 20 1 75 17. The school has security guard No 5 8 0 2 0 15 Yes 29 24 4 19 1 77 18. The school has staffroom for teachers No 5 5 0 3 0 13 Yes 23 25 4 19 1 72 19. The school has sweeper No 11 4 0 3 0 18 7. G overnment oversight During the July-September quarter, 36 visits were made – 19 in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (9), Sindh (7) and Balochistan (1).

4 w w w . f a f e n . o r g

The Executive District Officers/Education (EDOs/ 18) made the most visits followed by some government officials (13), some elected representatives (3) and Member Provincial Assemblies (2). S. # Visiting official Punjab KP Balochistan Sindh ICT Total 1. MNA 0 0 0 0 0 0 2. MPA 0 2 0 0 0 2 3. EDO/Education 4 7 1 6 0 18 4. Any other government official 13 0 0 0 0 13 5. Any other elected representative 2 0 0 1 0 3 Total 19 9 1 7 0 36

Annexure: List of monitored girls’ high schools

S. # Name of school District Province 1. Government Girls’ High School, Near Harboi Road Kalat Balochistan 2. Government Girls’ High School, Chahsar, Turbat Kech Balochistan 3. Government Girls’ Model High School, Near Officers Colony Khuzdar Balochistan 4. Government Girls’ Model High School, Mission Road, Zargoon Town Quetta Balochistan 5. Islamabad Model School For Girls, F-11/1 Islamabad ICT 6. Government Girls’ High School, Sirya Haripur KP 7. Government Girls’ High School, Saji Kot, Havellian KP 8. Government Girls’ High School, Haryan Kot, Dargai Malakand KP 9. Government Girls’ High School, Tangi Charsadda KP 10. Government Girls’ High School, Sheikhul Bandi Abbottabad KP 11. Government Girls’ High School, Civil Quarters, Peshawar Town-3 Peshawar KP 12. Government Girls’ High School, Urmer Miana, Peshawar Town-4 Peshawar KP 13. Government Girls’ High School, Mian Gujjar, Peshawar Town-2 Peshawar KP 14. Government Girls’ High School, Sheikh Abad, Peshawar Town-1 Peshawar KP 15. Government Girls’ High School, Hassa Dera Ismail Khan KP 16. Government Girls’ High School No.2, Nowshera Kalan Nowshehra KP 17. Government Girls’ High School, Kheshgi Payan Nowshehra KP 18. Government Girls’ High School, Tor Dher, Lahor Swabi KP 19. Government Girls’ High School, Bahadarkhel, Banda Daud Shah Karak KP 20. Government Girls’ High School, Hassa, Balakot KP 21. Government Girls’ High School, Ward No.4, Takhtabai Mardan KP 22. Government Girls’ High School No.2, Mohallah Bahadar Gari Hangu KP 23. Government Girls’ High School, Torlandi, Razar Swabi KP 24. Government Girls’ High School, Ayun Chitral KP 25. Government Girls’ High School, Bangashkhel Bannu KP 26. Government Girls’ High School, Madyan, Behrain Swat KP 27. Government Girls’ High School, Komila, Dassu Kohistan KP 28. Government Girls’ High School, Lilownai, Alpuri Shangla KP 29. Government Girls’ High School, Gandian Mansehra KP 30. Government Girls’ High School No.2, Sarai Naurang Lakki Marwat KP 31. Government Girls’ High School, Shankar Mahal Mardan KP

5 S. # Name of school District Province 32. Government Girls’ High School, Bago Banda Mardan KP 33. Government Girls’ High School, Sheikho Sardher Charsadda KP 34. Government Girls’ High School, Kot Jai, Paharpur Dera Ismail Khan KP 35. Government Girls’ High School, Sbour, Kharian Gujrat Punjab 36. Government Girls’ High School, Near Babu Ghulam Nabi Road, Samberial Sialkot Punjab 37. Government Girls’ High School, Kot Radha Kishen Kasur Punjab 38. Government Girls’ High School No.1, Talagang Chakwal Punjab 39. Government Khadija-Tul-Kubra Girls’ High School Sheikhupura Punjab 40. Government Girls’ High School No.1, Jalalpur Road Hafizabad Punjab 41. Government Girls’ Benazir Bhutto Shaheed High School, Bhero Wal, Phalia Mandi Bahauddin Punjab 42. Government Girls’ Model High School, Jouharabad Khushab Punjab 43. Government Girls’ High School, Chak No.175/JB, Mochiwala Jhang Punjab 44. Government Girls’ High School, Chak No.13/GB Randhir Nankana Sahib Punjab 45. Government Girls’ High School, Mubarak Colony, Qila Dedar Singh Town Gujranwala Punjab 46. Government Girls’ Model High School, Satellite Town, Nandipur Town Gujranwala Punjab 47. Government Girls’ High School, Gogran Lodhran Punjab 48. Government Crescent Girls’ High School, Okanwala Road, Chichawatni Sahiwal Punjab 49. Government Girls’ High School, Chak No.78/5-L Sahiwal Punjab 50. Government Girls’ High School, Chak Bedi Pakpattan Punjab 51. Government Girls’ Model High School, Kutchery Chowk, Daska Sialkot Punjab 52. Government M.B Girls’ High School, Mohallah Khawajgan Narowal Punjab 53. Government Girls’ High School, Darman, Zafarwal Narowal Punjab 54. Government Girls’ High School, Chak No.4/1-RA, Renala Khurd Okara Punjab 55. Government Islamia Girls’ High School, Doulat Gate, Mumtazabad Town Multan Punjab 56. Government Girls’ High School No.3, Railway Colony Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab 57. Government Girls’ High School, Haider Abad, Mankera Bhakkar Punjab 58. Government Girls’ High School, Kallur Kot Bhakkar Punjab 59. Government Fatima Girls’ High School, 02 Fane Road, Data Ganj BuxTown Lahore Punjab 60. Government MC Girls’ High School, Near TMA Office, Gujar Khan Rawalpindi Punjab 61. Government Girls’ High School, Model City, Dunyapur Lodhran Punjab 62. Government Girls’ High School, Chak No.392/JB Toba Tek Singh Punjab 63. Government Girls’ High School, Tench Bhatta Rawalpindi Punjab 64. Government Girls’ High School, Zia-ul-Haq Colony, Rawal Town Rawalpindi Punjab 65. Government Girls’ High School, Arya Mohallah, Rawal Town Rawalpindi Punjab 66. Government Girls’ High School No.1, Near Fawara Chowk, Hazro Attock Punjab 67. Government Comprehensive High School, Civil Line Sargodha Punjab 68. Government Girls’ High School, Jhang Sadar Jhang Punjab 69. Molana Qadri Government Girls’ Secondary School, Gulberg Town Karachi Central Sindh 70. Government Girls’ High School, Qasimabad, Hyderabad Taluka Hyderabad Sindh 71. Government Girls’ Secondary School, Intelligence Colony, Kimari Town Karachi West Sindh 72. Government Girls’ High School, Jehan Khan, Lakhi Shikarpur Sindh 73. Government Girls’ High School, Opposite 15 Office, Hazari Gate Shikarpur Sindh 74. Government Girls’ Secondary School, TNT Colony, Saddar Town Karachi South Sindh

6 w w w . f a f e n . o r g

S. # Name of school District Province 75. Government Girls’ High School No.1, Quaid-i-Azam Road Badin Sindh 76. Government Girls’ High School, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi East Sindh 77. Government Girls’ High School, Karima Ghulam Muhammad Maaka, New Sukkur Sukkur Sindh 78. Government Girls’ High School, UC No.3, Kamber Kamber Shahdadkot Sindh 79. Government Girls’ High School, Pir Mohalla Naushero Feroz Sindh 80. Government Girls’ High School, Bozdar Wada, Mirwah Khairpur Sindh 81. Government Pilot Girls’ High School, Near Ustad Bukhari Degree College Road Dadu Sindh 82. Government Girls’ High School, Kumb, Kot Diji Khairpur Sindh 83. Government Girls’ High School, Hingoro, Pano Akil Sukkur Sindh 84. Government Girls’ High School, Khair Muhammad Arija, Taulka Bakrani Larkana Sindh 85. Government Girls’ High School, Near Police Station, Shahdadkot Kamber Shahdadkot Sindh 86. Government Girls’ High School, Tharushah, Bhria Naushero Feroz Sindh 87. Government Girls’ High School, Gudu Kashmore Sindh 88. Government Girls’ Secondary School, Jamia Millia, Shah Faisal Town Karachi East Sindh 89. Government Girls’ High School, Gajanpur Larkana Sindh 90. Government Baldia Girls’ Secondary School, Gulzar Colony, Korangi Karachi East Sindh

7 Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN), established in 2006, is a coalition of 42 leading civil society organizations, working to strengthen all forms of democratic accountabilities in Pakistan. Governed by Trust for Democratic Education and Accountability, FAFEN's key achievements are: n Observed the public display of Pakistan's draft electoral rolls and conducted the country's first statistically-valid voters' list audit in 2007 n Deployed more than 18,829 trained, neutral Election Day observers nationwide to watch the February 18, 2008 polls and 264 long-term observers to monitor the pre-election process n Fielded long-term observers nationwide and published 19 pre-election reports n For the February 18, 2008, General Elections, FAFEN conducted 260 simultaneous Parallel Vote Tabulations (PVTs)- the largest effort in the world n Conducted its first survey, Constituents Aspirations Survey, in December 2008 with a sample size of 3,124 respondents to get the description of the state of public opinion and also to get a deeper understanding of the values, attitudes and beliefs of people living in the constituencies n Conducted mapping of organizations working for human rights within Pakistan n Observed general elections at Gilgit-Baltistan in 2009 and by-elections in various constituencies of the Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in 2010 n Implemented a unique methodology to observe parliamentary proceedings under its Parliament Watch Project n Monitors public institutions across Pakistan and issues monthly reports on the state and performance of educational, health and other local level institutions. In addition, monthly reports on prices, crimes, incidence of disease, caseload in lower courts and political and electoral violence are issued. FAFEN continues to implement robust programs in-between elections related to monitoring parliamentary affairs, connecting constituents to their elected representatives, monitoring the performance of public and elected institutions and advocating electoral and democratic reforms. FAFEN is also monitoring political and electoral violence, peace activities and promoting active citizenry through ongoing civic education activities across the country. FAFEN is currently implementing Supporting Transparency, Accountability and Electoral Processes in Pakistan (STAEP) in 200 National Assembly constituencies in 119 districts across Pakistan.