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49055-003: Hydropower Development

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49055-003: Hydropower Development Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 49055-003 Document Stage: Draft November 2018 PAK: Hydropower Development Investment Program, Tranche 1 Main Report (Part 1) Prepared by Hagler Bailly Pakistan for the Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organization and the Asian Development Bank. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. EIA of Balakot Hydropower Project Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Project Proponents ................................................................................... 1-5 1.2 Project Overview....................................................................................... 1-6 1.3 Objectives and Scope of the EIA ............................................................. 1-8 1.4 Study Areas ............................................................................................... 1-9 1.5 Study Team ............................................................................................. 1-12 1.6 Organization of the Report ..................................................................... 1-16 2. Policy, Legal, and Administrative Framework ............................. 2-1 2.1 Provincial Legislative and Regulatory Framework ................................. 2-1 2.1.1 Statutory Framework for Environment .......................................... 2-1 2.1.2 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Environmental Protection Act 2014 ............ 2-2 2.1.3 Preparation and Submission of EIA .............................................. 2-9 2.2 Environmental Standards ........................................................................ 2-9 2.2.1 National Environmental Quality Standards ................................... 2-9 2.2.2 ✁✂✄☎ Guidelines for Project Emission ....................................... 2-10 2.3 Other Environmental Laws .................................................................... 2-10 2.3.1 Land Acquisition Act 1894 .......................................................... 2-10 2.3.2 Key Biodiversity Laws ................................................................ 2-17 2.3.3 Other Laws ................................................................................. 2-18 2.4 Federal and Provincial Conservation Strategies .................................. 2-24 2.5 Institutional Framework ......................................................................... 2-25 2.5.1 Environmental Protection Agency ............................................... 2-29 2.5.2 Environmental Protection Council ............................................... 2-29 2.6 Asian Development Bank Policies and Guidelines .............................. 2-29 2.6.1 ADB's Safeguard Policy Statement 2009.................................... 2-31 2.6.2 Social Protection Requirements ................................................. 2-34 2.6.3 Public Communications Policy 2011 ........................................... 2-34 2.6.4 Gender and Development Policy 1998 ....................................... 2-34 2.6.5 Climate Change Risk Management Framework ......................... 2-35 2.7 International Treaties and Agreements ................................................. 2-35 2.8 Guidelines ............................................................................................... 2-41 2.8.1 World Bank Group ...................................................................... 2-41 Hagler Bailly Pakistan Contents D8E03BPK: 11/23/18 ii EIA of Balakot Hydropower Project 2.8.2 World Commission on Dams 2000 ............................................. 2-43 2.8.3 Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency ................................ 2-43 3. Project Description.......................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Main Component of the Balakot HPP ...................................................... 3-6 3.1.1 The Main Dam ............................................................................. 3-6 3.1.2 Powerhouse ................................................................................. 3-6 3.2 Project Operation ..................................................................................... 3-8 3.3 Technical Design Summary ..................................................................... 3-8 3.4 Project Requirements ............................................................................ 3-11 3.4.1 Materials .................................................................................... 3-11 3.4.2 Water ......................................................................................... 3-11 3.4.3 Land Requirement ..................................................................... 3-11 3.4.4 Spoil Disposal ............................................................................ 3-12 3.5 Access ..................................................................................................... 3-12 3.6 Regional Hydropower Developments ................................................... 3-14 3.7 Associated Facilities .............................................................................. 3-14 4. Description of the Environment ..................................................... 4-1 4.1 Physical Environment .............................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Scope and Methodology .............................................................. 4-1 4.1.2 Topography .................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.3 Land Use ..................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.4 Geology, Soils and Seismic Hazards ........................................... 4-9 4.1.5 Visual Character ........................................................................ 4-19 4.1.6 Climate Baseline ........................................................................ 4-23 4.1.7 Water Resources ....................................................................... 4-35 4.1.8 Ambient Air Quality .................................................................... 4-55 4.1.9 Traffic ......................................................................................... 4-58 4.1.10 Noise Levels .............................................................................. 4-65 4.2 Ecology Baseline .................................................................................... 4-70 4.2.1 Objectives and Scope ................................................................ 4-70 4.2.2 Sources of Information ............................................................... 4-71 4.2.3 Study Areas ............................................................................... 4-71 4.2.4 Methodology .............................................................................. 4-74 4.2.5 Protected Areas or Areas of Special Importance for Biodiversity 4-80 4.2.6 Aquatic Ecology ......................................................................... 4-85 4.2.7 Terrestrial Ecology ................................................................... 4-121 4.2.8 Habitat Assessment ................................................................. 4-146 4.2.9 Conclusion ............................................................................... 4-155 Hagler Bailly Pakistan Contents D8E03BPK: 11/23/18 iii EIA of Balakot Hydropower Project 4.3 Socioeconomic Environment ............................................................... 4-155 4.3.1 Study Area ............................................................................... 4-156 4.3.2 Methods of Data Collection ...................................................... 4-158 4.3.3 Socioeconomic Conditions in the Study Area ........................... 4-159 4.3.4 River-Dependent Socioeconomic Activities .............................. 4-178 4.3.5 Profile of the Affected Villages .................................................. 4-186 4.3.6 Socioeconomic Conditions of Affected Households .................. 4-186 4.3.7 Social Profile of the Affected Households ................................. 4-187 5. Analysis of Alternatives ................................................................. 5-1 5.1 No Project Option ..................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Alternative Technologies and Scale for Power Generation ................... 5-2 5.3 Environmental Flow Assessment ............................................................ 5-7 5.3.1 EFlow Assessment Process ......................................................... 5-7 5.3.2 Scenarios Assessed ..................................................................... 5-7 5.3.3 Predicted Change in Fish Abundance .......................................... 5-8 5.3.3.1 Alwan Snow Trout ........................................................................ 5-8 ✟✠ ✁✡☛ 5.3.3.2 ✁✂✄ ✁☎✆✝✞ ......................................................................... 5-10 5.3.3.3 Kashmir Hillstream Loach ..........................................................
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