Bromeliaceae

VOLUME XLV - No. 2 - Mar/Apr 2011 The Bromeliad Society of Queensland Inc. P. O. Box 565, Fortitude Valley Queensland, Australia 4006, Home Page www.bromsqueensland.com OFFICERS PRESIDENT Olive Trevor (07) 3351 1203 VICE PRESIDENT Jennifer Coulthard (07) 33532773 TREASURER Chester Cutcliff SECRETARY Glenn Bernoth (07) 4661 3634 COMMITTEE Pamela Butler, Fred Thomson, David Rees Bruce Dunstan, Barry Kable, Chris Coulthard MEMBERSHIP SECRETARY Roy Pugh (07) 3263 5057 LIBRARIAN Evelyn Rees SHOW ORGANISER Bob Cross PUBLICITY OFFICER John Olsen EDITOR Ross Stenhouse

Editors Email Address: [email protected] Contents

NEOREGELIA ‘RED OF R IO ’ ...... 3 G LUE ...... 7 SOCIETY LIBRARY ...... 7 TRAVELS IN P ANAMA ...... 9 ‘KAOLDII ’ OR IS IT ‘ KOLBII ? ...... 16 THE BSQ W EB S ITE ...... 16 PLANT NUTRITION S ULPHUR: THE FORGOTTEN ELEMENT ...... 18 ANANAS FOR THE CUT -FLOWER AND G ARDEN MARKETS ...... 18 CONSIDER G ROWING ...... 20 VRIESEAS...... 20 QUILLING ...... 24 USING LIQUID FERTILIZERS ...... 26

Front and Rear Covers: Ae. nudicoluis v. aureorosea photos by Ross Stenhouse

The Bromeliad Society of Queensland Inc. gives permission to all Bromeliad Societies to reprint articles in their journals provided proper acknowledgement is given to the original author and the Bromeliaceae, and no contrary direction is published in Bromeliaceae. This permission does not apply to any other person or organisation without the prior permission of the author. Opinions expressed in this publication are those of the individual contributor and may not necessarily reflect the opinions of the Bromeliad Society of Queensland or of the Editor Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the information in their articles.

Bromeliaceae 2 Mar/Apr 2011 in a hanging pot if the offsets are allowed to mature. In two years the wheel can be 3 Neoregelia ‘Red of feet across. Rio’ Rio Red on the other hand, is an ex- cellent substitute for Fireball in those cases by Derek Butcher 4/2011. where the collector does not have enough light to keep Fireball red. Slightly larger This article was prompted by discus- than Fireball, with a diameter of 12 inches, sions as to whether the variegated ‘Fireball’ it has reddish maroon leaves in a flat rosette, is in fact a variegated ‘Fireball’ or a hybrid! that sometimes develops some small green It is interesting that this variant has not been random markings. Rio Red spreads easily by given a name so it can be registered. stolons and has beautiful royal blue flowers Consensus was that it is a hybrid unless deep in the rosette. Train the stolons to climb someone in the USA was playing with tissue a branch for good effect. Bright light without culture - but such a happening has not been sun will keep the red colour and it can be reported! As well as looking at ‘Fireball’ safely given up to 50% sun. as grown in Australia we also looked at the I sometimes think the labels on these variation in shapes and sizes on the alleged must have been initially mixed, as variegated form and it was inevitable that according to one well known grower who ‘Red of Rio’ would get involved. brought his Fireball out from America, the Bromeletter 21(5): 14-15. 1983 latter is ‘Fireball’ and the former ‘Rio Red’. LETTER BOX: Today the postman Just to add a little spice to all of brought me BROMEL NEWS, the official this, here are a few paragraphs taken from Newsletter of the Ipswich Bromeliad Society, GRANDE about the origin of N. Fireball, and Queensland. The Society is to be congratu- please note the remarks credited to Lyman B. lated on their activities, thus bringing bro- Smith about this plant. An article concerning meliads to the fore in their area. In the June the origin of Fireball appeared in GRANDE issue, Mr Len Butt the Editor wrote about and stated that the famous plant explorers the controversy re Neoregelia Fireball and Nat de Leon and Ralph Davis found it as a Neoregelia Rio Red. A reprint of this appears great cluster of red rosettes growing on a tree below, followed by my comments on a plant at Sao Paulo , and Ralph Davis gave it purchased by me from Mrs Olive Wills in the name of Fireball. (Butcher’s note - This is 1967 as Neoregelia ‘Red of Rio’. a misquote where in fact it was in 1960 that “The interesting controversy that has Nat de Leon received a then unnamed single developed about these plants at least war- plant of Fireball in a bromeliad consignment rants a few notes. Here below, as written in from orchid collector Walter Doering of Sao the catalogue of “The Bromellad Treasury” is Vicente, Sao Paulo State, Brazil .) “Fireball”, a small compact 8 inch to 10 inch The author of the article said he re- rosette of brilliant red, glossy 1 inch wide ceived a single plant but found it difficult to leaves that only reach their full brilliance in flower in South Florida. Later Nat Deleon 50% sun. A small cushion of blue lavender sent a to Lyman B. Smith flowers appear in the centre at blooming time. at the Washington Institute and received a The plant spreads by radial stolons from each reply stating that it was a of Brazil- plant. It will make a beautiful wheel of plants ian origin and it was then named Neoregelia Bromeliaceae 3 Mar/Apr 2011 Neoregelia ‘Greenball’ Photo by Geoff Lawn

Neo . ‘Fireball from Bill’ Photo by Butcher Neo . ‘Red of Rio’ Photo by A. Steens

Bromeliaceae 4 Mar/Apr 2011 schultesiana. (Butcher’s note - For further tional Checklist of Bromeliad Hybrids” and details on the mysterious N. schultesiana see also Derek Butcher’s hybrid book but ‘Red article under ‘Fireball’)” of Rio’ is not listed. The nearest name I can (In 1967 I purchased a small neoregelia find is ‘Rio Red’. Could this be the plant that from Mrs Olive Wills of Jannali, NSW under people call ‘Red of Rio’? the name of Neoregelia ‘Red of Rio’. A8. (Derek Butcher, S.A.). Yes, I did Can anyone else add to the history of come across Neoregelia ‘Red of Rio’ but all this little plant gem? It is a smal1, rosette the comments I got were hearsay and I didn’t type, offsetting by stolons and ideal for hang- go into print on the matter. I’m not even ing basket culture. It fits the description in certain if the name is of Aussie origin or the Len’s article on Neo . ‘Fireball’. U.S.A. Neoregelia ‘Rio Red’ is allegedly a I have seen one plant similar to the Hummels hybrid. At least this was what Brian larger plant mentioned by Len, in a collection Smith picked up from the various literature in here on the Gold Coast, and will continue to the U.S. Being a Hummels hybrid its parents check on it flowering, as it looks very much are unknown but I do not know if anyone like the Oeser hybrid of Neo. carolinae X has grown on any self-set seed from ‘Rio Neo. ampullacea = Neo . ‘Petite No 1’, and Red’. Neoregelia ‘Rio Red’ has been used in before I named the hybrids, released by me Australian hybrids. as No.38. Neoregelia ‘Fireball’ is supposedly a Neo . ‘Petite No 1’ is a smallish rosette true species, having been collected in the type, offsetting on stolons, and reddens well wild but the only reference I can find at the in near full sun. At flowering time the centre moment is on p.73 of the U.S. Joumal in takes on the red colour of the parent Neo. 1977. Here it is said that this plant is known carolinae , thus making it easy to separate it from the first mentioned two plants in Len’s article. I have also seen this plant in collec- tions labelled Neo. carolinae minor. Neo . ‘Petite No. 2’. is smaller and more upright than No 1. It is a darker red, and does not colour in the centre at flowering time. I did not list it until recently, so do not think Suppliers of fine No 2 would enter into the controversy, O. Ferris. Editor.) tissue-cultured bromeliads Bromeletter 27(5): 5. 1989 Questions and Answers [email protected] Q8. (Joan Williams, NSW). www.plantbiotech.com.au For many years I called my miniature Neoregelia ‘Red of Rio’. I was then told that Phone (07) 5471 6036 it was Neoregelia ‘Fireball’ and that there was Postal Address: 7 Thougla Place, none called ‘Red of Rio’. However, others Buderim QLD 4556 say that it is a slightly larger and not quite Lab: 99 West Coolum Road, as red a version of ‘Fireball’ and is called Mount Coolum QLD 4573 ‘Red of Rio’. I have looked through the “Interna- Bromeliaceae 5 Mar/Apr 2011 in Europe as Neoregelia schultesiana. How- so perhaps this plant is still being grown in ever, I have been unable to trace any botanical Queensland under this name. description. There is another twist in that my Mar- Perhaps we may hear from Harry garet got a plant from Bill Morris, Newcastle, Luther on the subject. NSW, in the 1980’s that he called ‘Fireball’. In Adelaide we find that ‘Fireball is We know that Bill was a stickler for accuracy cold sensitive whereas ‘Red of Rio’ (yes, we and this plant could well be linked to Olwen have one under this name! ) is more hardy Ferris (See notes above). But, Margaret’s and looks different ! memory seems to suggest that Elton Leme Is ‘Red of Rio’ the same as ‘Rio Red’ ? was involved even that long ago – but this If I can get some sort of proof then it could go is mere hearsay! Anyway it had spots and into the check list to save this sort of problem for want of a name we called it ‘Fireball in the future. from Bill’ because it was different to our Bromeletter 28(2): 5. 1990 other plants called ‘Fireball’. I am sure Questions and Answers others would have got ‘Fireball from Bill’ A8 (Olwen Ferris, Qld. ). Re the from Bill in those days so I will be adding miniature Neoregelia ‘Red of Rio’ and Neo . detail to the Bromeliad Cultivar Register ‘Fireball’ just in case someone in the future ponders I have owned Neo . ‘Red of Rio’ since why their ‘Fireball’ has spots on the leaves. early 1962. I bought it as an offset from a Methinks there is a link with ‘Red of Rio’ plant grown from seed which was said to somewhere. be collected from the mountain overlooking In 2001 while on a working holiday at Rio de Janeiro ( hence the ‘Red of Rio’). the Singapore Botanic Gardens I did see a Offsets have been sold by me to collectors plant called ‘Rio Red’ and the Gardens’ mani- around Australia and I still grow it separate fest indicated it had come from Shelldance to the slightly smaller Neo . ‘Fireball’ that nursery in California, which as we know, Grace Goode imported in the 1970’s. Under was the home of Hummel. This suggests to Queensland conditions both plants appear me that it is authentic. I was able to acquire a similar, except that Neo . ‘Red of Rio’ is photo, which is now in the BCR database. slightly larger. Finally, we have ‘Greenball’ discov- The more I read this history the more ered by Luciano Zappi in 1992 but sent to I am convinced that Hummel’s ‘Rio Red’ Selby Gardens by Elton Leme, which can has not got to Australia. What seems to have have the odd spot or two on its leaves. Spots happened is that ‘Rio Red’ and ‘Red of Rio’ and size in themselves do not a species make have been interchanged on labels as the plant and yet as horticulturists we have three names moved around Australia! to choose from, ignoring the many small The spotting mentioned by Len Butt hybrids that abound that have ‘Fireball’ as has me intrigued because a photo taken by mother or father! Andrew Steens – see his latest book page 230 indicates that ‘Red of Rio’ is still being Got information about grown under this name in New Zealand. An forthcoming events earlier photo that Andrew sent me in 2008 email the Bromeliaceae Editor using the shows it has spots on the leaves! We know email address below that Olwen sold plants called ‘Red of Rio’ [email protected] Bromeliaceae 6 Mar/Apr 2011 Plant Glue Author: Peter Paroz FOREST DRIVE Some years ago, there was a report of members of the Cairns Study Group ex- NURSERY perimenting with ‘Sellys SUPA GLUE’ for attaching epiphytes onto their mounts. Located at REPTON, South of Coffs Following this news, I experimented Harbour, NSW with this material and found the results quite Specialising in species and varieties from favourable. It has a good initial ‘tack’ so that mostly imported stock small seedlings stay in place right away. Once set, the glue seems reasonably water proof to Titillate even the most and does not have any adverse effect on plant discerning fanciers growth; and even appears to promote new Beautiful Vrieseas (including Silver root growth. species), Guzmanias, In spite of favourable results by some Aechmeas, Neoregelias, etc . growers, I have never been game to commit Visitors Welcome, Please Phone First small seedlings to hot melt glue. (02) 6655 4130 Mail Order List - Send SAE Society Library Peter Tristram, PO Box 55, Repton, NSW, 2454 The Society has an extensive library of books which are available for borrowing by members who attend the monthly meetings. BRISBANE This is a great resource for members, books cover the full range of topics from BROMELIAD beginner to advanced growers. CENTRE M. J. PATERSON 212 SANDY CREEK ROAD, 34 Hauton Road, Morayfield 4506 GYMPIE, Qld 4570 HUGE SELECTION of Large Range of Bromeliads For Sale Aechmeas, Vrieseas, Guzmanias, Especially our own Hybrid Tillandsias Neoregelias and Neoregelias Nidularium & Tillandsias together with a variety of rarer species DO CALL IN IF YOU ARE UP THIS WAY and hydrids PHONE / FAX BARBARA and LORRAINE Phone (07) 5433 0303 (07) 5482 3308 VISITORS by APPOINTMENT www.bromeliad-hybrids.com

Bromeliaceae 7 Mar/Apr 2011 Guzmania desautelsii

Guzmania musaica

Bromeliaceae 8 Mar/Apr 2011 and didn’t pop back out for 11 days, travers- ing the length of the country. That plant trip Travels in was the first that I had spent with such little Author: Bruce Dunstan precious down time - it was all action. I re- alize now that each trip I do with Carla and her husband, Angel, is the same and it just In the past when I have given presenta- goes to prove some people make the most of tions about some of my travels I always have the opportunities that come their way. After someone offer to carry my bags or ask if all, life is short and there are lots of plants they can join me on future adventures, even out there. asking if they could stow away in my bag. Panama is a long thin country running This article about travels in Panama and the from west to east. It joins Costa Rica on news that the International Heliconia Society its western boundary and attaches Central is having their next conference in Panama, America to South America where it joins may convince some people that a trip to the in the famous Darien region. Neotropics to see Bromeliads in their native Along the length of the country runs a spine habitats is possible. With preconference trips of mountains and up in the hills there remain to Western Panama and Costa Rica and a post forests that haven’t been cleared for farmland, conference trip to the Western cordillera of like that on the Pacific coast. The Caribbean Colombia what a great opportunity to get out side of the range is still widely untouched as and see plants in their natural habitat. the humid winds from the Atlantic rise up My first trip to Panama was in 2007 and the mountainsides and dump their moisture within an hour and a half of arriving in the almost year round, creating very wet humid country, I was peering out the car window at regions that are slowly being cleared and bright yellow Heliconia buds growing in the developed for people to settle along the newly forest on the side of the road wondering if it built roads. was in fact Heliconia xanthovillosa grow- Two hours drive from the capital city is ing in the wild. Carla, my travel compadre, El Valle. This is the 2012 Heliconia Society helpfully asked me, “Well, what else do you International conference location and is an think you are seeing, with that colour?” So historic little town nestled in the floor of a we stopped the car and began the adventure. long-extinct volcano. The town was one of Within ten minutes I had proved to Carla the first places that the wealthy people of that I was potentially unhinged: I took off Panama City would escape to on weekends, my shoes in two unsuccessful attempts to heading to the mild highlands to escape the climb a tree to collect seed from a heat, humidity and noise of the capital. El kupperiana that was spreading its seed like Valle has a range of hotels and other accom- thousands of dandelions through the wet modation. Both hotels I have stayed in were forest. The abundant moisture and lack of clean and tidy, one overlooking the surprising traction meant I couldn’t reach the prize I hustle and bustle of the main street on Satur- was after, but luckily on my second trip the day night, plus hot water and a very efficient same species was in seed again at a different laundry service. The other was off in the locality and was in a much easier position quieter suburbs, so to speak; charming, until to collect. you stepped into the cold shower! The town’s We entered the forest that afternoon market is a thriving centre for local artisans Bromeliaceae 9 Mar/Apr 2011 allenii

Guzmania elvallensis Guzmania calamifolia Rosaceae

Bromeliaceae 10 Mar/Apr 2011 selling handmade Panama hats, soapstone the rosette. Asking Angel, who was standing toucans etc. and has in the past been a place below me, what sort of snake it might be, where exotic plants were taken for sale after he quickly let me know it would be best if I their removal from the surrounding forests. left the snake to its own devices and down I This latest trip we noticed signs prohibiting climbed without a photo from the top. You’d the sale of plants collected from the forest think a snake up high in a cloud forest with and saw none for sale at the market. If you no sunlight would be pretty slow moving but are considering bringing your beloved partner best not to find out. I was also told it was the to the coming conference, El Valle also offers best way to get the Panama military out in the curative powers of massage, day spas their helicopters as they always go and rescue with beauty treatments as well as meditation snake bite victims. establishments. When standing on the mountain look- Towering over El Valle is Cerro Gaital, out on Gaital on a clear day, you are treated a tall mountain within the ring of the old to the amazing view of both the Pacific and volcano 5 minutes drive of the centre of Atlantic oceans. This viewpoint is reached town. The forest that remains on the moun- by a well-maintained nature trail which is tains surrounding the town and the many readily accessible to people of all fitness chicken farms up behind the hills is full of levels. We also took the opportunity this Bromeliads: Pitcairnia atrorubens var. pal- year to travel down a new road heading off lidobracteata and Pitcairnia funkiae with into the Rio Indio watershed. Towards the nearly 1m tall dark purple inflorescences, Caribbean coast we were treated to beautiful Guzmania musaica, Ronnbergia explodens, Anthuriums , Calatheas and Araecoccus pec- Aechmea pubescens , Aechmea mexicana tinatus , a pendent red-flowered bromeliad, all and Guzmania elvallensis which was flow- growing along the roadsides. As we travelled ering with its small, club-like inflorescence down the smooth new road losing altitude covered in clear mucilage protecting the through newly created farms and gardens, developing flowers from marauding weevils. we came across two new Heliconia Hybrids As you climb the mountain you come across within just a couple of hours which, for us, Guzmania calamifolia var . rosaceae with its was quite exciting small, delicate, pink and white inflorescences Just up the Interamerican highway and pleated leaves. Higher are the larger more from El Valle, heading west towards Costa robust Guzmania plicatifolia , another species Rica, is the famous plant town of El Copé. It with pleated leaves, with orange and yellow is another mountainous area that has patches flower spikes. Even higher we saw clumps of forest that have been spared the clearing of pure yellow individuals. The forest is of the Pacific coast for agriculture. As we loaded with Heliconias, Aroids, Palms, and headed up the hill from the dry Pacific coast Gesneriads of every description plus many that has been pretty much cleared of all for- more interesting plants. est, we stopped to look at Plumerias growing It was up here close to the summit amongst the stony hills. Once out of the car that I climbed a tree to get a photo of a nice we could fossick about and quickly discov- individual of Werauhia lutherii, a large silver ered an orange flowered Pitcairnia clinging vase-shaped plant. As I got up to eye level to the rocks. This turned out to be Pitcairnia with the plant I could see the bright orange chiriquensis . and black scales of a snake wrapped up inside El Copé is famous for the amazing Bromeliaceae 11 Mar/Apr 2011 Cochliostema

Chevelaria veitchii Pitcairnia atrorubens var . Pallidobracteata

Bromeliaceae 12 Mar/Apr 2011 plants that grow in the forest; included in in these forests. them are the Zamia pseudoparasitica that The next road crossing over the moun- grow epiphytically high above the forest floor tainous spine that runs along Panama, is to the with fronds a good 2m or more in length. town of Santa Fe. This is where the beautiful Geonoma epetiolata is a small entire bifid and incredibly rare Heliconia bella grows. leafed understory palm that has beautifully Carla and Angel were able to find this rare patterned leaves that are covered in purple and thought-to-be-extinct species after much red spots as they emerge. Another plant that searching, and the presentation Carla gave has come from this locality that you may have at the 2004 HSI conference in Puerto Rico heard of is a Guzmania species that is await- convinced me I needed to go to Panama and ing publication; it is the subject of the novel see it for myself. The walk to get up into the written by Chester Skotak titled Searching mountains behind Santa Fe to see H. bella for Miss Fortuna. The original collection of in habitat is an arduous one. Now that I’ve this species was made by John Kress and done it twice it’s getting easier, and being able Harry Luther in the Fortuna area, closer to to take one’s time, like this year, was much the Costa Rican border region. The El Copé more pleasant. form, which has a more cone shaped inflores- The previous trip we had to do the trek cence, has been tissue cultured in Europe and and be back in Volcan, 4 hours up the highway is becoming a popular flowering houseplant minimum, in one day, which was quite a tight around the world. This species has been found timeline. We had torrential rain to deal with in other localities in Panama but it prefers the on this year’s trip and decided we didn’t need moist forests on the Caribbean side, also the to get to the summit. With the rain, visibility least developed with precious few roads. One was limited and the thought of getting struck of my fondest memories at El Copé during by lightning on the grassy summit also made wet season was the change in the weather the decision to turn back an easy one. Getting from morning to afternoon; we would head down the trail with an umbrella and staying off on a morning walk in bright sunshine, but upright can be difficult, especially if you are after lunch the cloud comes down, making it bent over busy looking for poison arrow frogs very difficult to see other people more than on the forest floor. We saw a bright green and 10m away. I’ve heard of collectors of old us- black frog on our first trek and I’d swear it’s ing fishing line tied to their vehicles to ensure the same species I’ve seen at the top of the they could return after dropping down the hill hill at Lyon Arboretum above Honolulu in into the cloud-laden forest. Hawaii. The Hawaiians have the most exotic Werauhia lattissima were common feral pests: Chameleons, Cockatoos, fluro with dark maroon leaf undersides and very Geckos and Poison Arrow Frogs. They also broad blunt leaves, as well as Werauhia kup- have Cane Toads. periana and Rubra , Down around the town of Santa Fe we Guzmania elvallensis, Werauhia insignis, saw Tillandsia monodelpha, T. fasiculata, Chevelaria veitchii and Aechmea allenii . T. bulbosa, Aechmea haltonii, Werauhia Once again the forest is dripping with Heli- gladioliflora, Guzmania monostachya ; higher conias, Aroids etc. The flora in this part of up were Guzmania desautelsii, Pitcairnia the world need to compete with each other to squarrosa, P. valerii, G. spruceii, G. clami- encourage hummingbirds to come and visit folia var , rosaceae, Werauhia ringens and W. and pollinate their flowers, so colour runs rife hygrometrica with its patterned leaves. Also Bromeliaceae 13 Mar/Apr 2011 what maybe a natural hybrid of Aechmea toilet, if you leave the door open, is of a tree mexicana and A. allenii . As we came down swathed in Guzmania musaica with Guzma- we wandered into an old citrus plantation nia scherzeriana higher in its branches, as that was loaded in Werauhia lutheri and well as Cochliostemas, Orchids, Ferns and Guzmania sanguinea that covered the trees Aroids. One of the highlights of this place in bright red clusters, almost like looking at is having troops of small monkeys climb Christmas decorations. through the trees that overhang the kitchen After Santa Fe, heading east towards and large numbers of hummingbirds feed- Colombia, there are only two roads crossing ing on a large white-flowered Posequeria? the isthmus. The road along the Canal has Rubiaceae tree next to the eating area. The been heavily studied over the years and being Kuna gained autonomy of their tribal lands a low land crossing, best avoided if you are in the 1930s after some ferocious battles with looking for interesting plants, not that there government troops. The Indians still live is anything wrong with lowland sp., it’s just offshore on islands and retain their forests that with a little elevation or change in eleva- for hunting, resisting any attempts to log or tion nature seems to go crazy with speciation clear their forests. and a whole range of diversity that you don’t While walking in the forest looking for see in the lowlands. Give me a mountain to plants we were able to find lots of Guzmania climb any day! The only other crossing is the lingulata . These are sought after as parent El Llano-Carti road. Before my first trip in plants in breeding programs as they produce ’07 I consulted the Lonely Planet Guide on copious amounts of pollen every day when the localities Carla was suggesting we travel flowering. This is essential for breeders to. The 1990 edition said that if you wanted who are working with hybrids that may not to travel this road you would need a strong produce much viable pollen. The ubiquitous 4WD with big tyres and a winch to get up Guzmania spruceii was also very common one hill; from there the road degenerated and all seemed to be flowering at the time into an indistinct trail, and that you would of our visit. need an armoured personnel carrier to reach On my first visit I was surprised to see the end. a plant that appeared to have a faint pattern Thankfully, in the subsequent 7 years to the foliage and it was also the shape of a the road has been upgraded to a mixture patterned leaf . It was well past flow- of paved and unsealed dirt. This year the ering and had a thin tripinnate inflorescence. road has been further improved to make it It was later identified as Tillandsia pinnata . a pleasant drive in the country, with spec- Flowering examples of Racinea spiculosa , tacular plants growing on the roadside verges Tillandsia anceps, Werauhia vittata, Pitcair- - perfect for car-seat botanising. Both times nia arcuata and Aechmea cf. dactylina were we travelled to this region we stayed at the also spotted. There were another couple of Nusagandi Kuna Indian meeting facility. finds in the forest at Nusagandi that will stick It has dormitory accommodation with red in my mind forever. One was large colonies and white check tablecloths for sheets, plus of a black leaved Cyclanth growing right in a separate kitchen and eating building built the middle of a creek. These plants grow to high on the hill, giving great views down 30cm tall with heavily pleated bifid foliage, to the Caribbean Sea and the many islands in stunning black. Angel found one individual inhabited by the Kuna. The view from the on the previous trip and it was something I Bromeliaceae 14 Mar/Apr 2011 had been hoping to see again this time but I full of the exuberance of a great day in the wasn’t expecting to see such a large popula- bush, and were making an absolute racket as I tions. The next plant falls into exactly the was whispering ‘Snake! Snake!’ and remain- same category – rare! ing motionless. But they weren’t listening On one of our walks in ’07 we came to me and kept coming, so I had to raise the across a variegated Cochliostema, related volume and shout ‘Snake! Snake!’ while still to Tradescantias and Rhoeos, which ap- trying to remain frozen to the spot. Eventually peared to have fallen from its perch high I made my point and everyone skidded to a in the trees. The plant was wider than 1m halt. We took some photos and carefully made across and heavily banded in green and gold our way around the snake without disturbing stripes. I only collect seed due to the harsh it. We showed our Kuna hosts the image and import requirements to bring live plants into they nonchalantly said it was a nasty one, Australia, so wasn’t able to take it home with but really, the smaller individuals were more me. Carla and Angel were not interested in dangerous. We showed the image to Angel on hauling around Commelinaceae, even one as his return and he identified it as a fer de lance spectacular as this. I knew it was doomed as - best avoided for sure! it lay on the forest floor, smack in the path of This gives you a brief insight into what machete blows from the Kuna that keep the you may encounter in Panama should you trail groomed, and well away from the bright decide to join us for the Conference in 2012. light it would need to sustain itself due to its I look forward to seeing you there as I’m limited photosynthetic potential. Prior to get- already looking forward to getting back to ting into the bush on the last trip I had showed Panama. If you are hoping to see Heliconias travelling compadre, Bill Fitz, an image of the in their natural habitat, Panama is an easy plant and he was amazed; we joked it might place to see plenty. On my first trip, Carla and still be there but knew it had almost no chance Angel showed me 39 species or subspecies of surviving three years in the middle of the and of these, 35 I had never seen in habitat path. As we walked the same trail but in the before. For a small country the diversity is opposite direction to last time I could feel incredible. Add to that three hybrids from this myself speeding up thinking we were getting year’s trip and it’s heading towards overload, closer to the spot where it had been growing. if there’s such a thing with Heliconia! If you Incredible! The plant was still in the same are looking for Bromeliads you could easily spot although it had been chopped, and now double or triple that number. They grow on consisted of five small plants all clinging to everything, the locals refer to them as Para- the original plant’s swollen stem. sitos, regularly stripping them off their trees The next item on the highlight reel is fence posts etc. and carefully mounding them not directly plant-related. We were finishing up before setting fire to them. Information a loop trail, and were about to pop out of the on the conference is available from www. forest onto the roadside, when I slowed down heliconia.org . to traverse a fallen tree that had an Epiphyl- I would also like to take this opportu- lum cactus growing on it. I got within 2m of nity to thank my travelling partners Carla the tree when I saw, coiled up on top, a snake. Black, Angel Rodriguez, Steve Villiers, Dave I have no major fear of snakes but I do have a Lloyd, Bill Fitz and Mark Paul who travelled healthy respect of them! My travelling com- with me through Panama and tolerated my panions were rapidly coming down the hill, behavior when the siren call of the plants Bromeliaceae 15 Mar/Apr 2011 to T. kolbii . This was great for the nurseries because here we had a plant with two names Tillandsia ‘Kaoldii’ or so it could be sold twice! On the taxonomic side of things Peer pressure changed that is it ‘ kolbii ? hasty decision and we now have a very rare T. by Derek Butcher May 2011. kolbii, probably disappeared in the wild and only grown in a few collections in Germany The main problem with mis-spelling is and Austria. BUT NOT Australia. the fact that it gets carried on like the plague We are left with the old var. scaposa but even down in Adelaide I know that plants which to help you write out labels, is now are being grown under this peculiar name in known as Tillandsia scaposa . Queensland. I know that your editor is always So if you have plant called T. kolbii or asking for articles or letters for your Journal T. Kaoldii ( shudder shudder) then change its and simple research by the purchaser could name to T. scaposa BUT only if the inflores- easily have prompted a letter to the Editor. cence protrudes! There is a wealth of information on the inter- net where they even help with spelling. Names are important because it means THE OLIVE you are comparing like with like. Humans get very up-tight if you call them by the ‘wrong’ BRANCH name so why not plants. In this case you need mental gymnas- tics to link kaoldii with kolbii but if you saw a Len and Olive Trevor ‘kaoldii’ and knew what a kolbii looked like, 232 Canvey Road, Ferny Grove, your problem would be half solved. Qld 4053 “Only half solved?” I hear you ask. Specialising in hybrid Vrieseas, Well, the full answer we can blame on the tax- Aechmeas, Variegated onomists and growers only half listening. Neoregelias Forty years ago everybody knew what Skotak Hybrids, Aussie Dream and a Tillandsia ionantha looked like and if you varieties, and other quality were lucky you may have had a T. ionantha Bromeliads var. scaposa , which needed more shade than your tough old T. ionantha and came from Guatemala. The other difference was the Phone (07) 3351 1203 inflorescence which is nestled in the leaf Visitors welcome by appointment - Please rosette for T. ionantha but raised for the Phone First variety scaposa . Thirty years ago an odd plant was found in Oaxaca, Mexico and was called T. The BSQ Web Site Don’t forget that the society has a web kolbii . It had some similarities to but was site. We place urgent and general information hastily considered to be the same as the Gua- and information on the site. temalan T. ionantha var scaposa . The URL is: A species name has a higher rank than a variety so we had a temporary name change www.Bromsqueensland.com Bromeliaceae 16 Mar/Apr 2011 Tillandsia scaposa

Photos of T. ionantha and T. scaposa (top and left) by Derek Butcher, photo below of T. ionantha by Ross Stenhouse

Tillandsia ionantha

Bromeliaceae 17 Mar/Apr 2011 able from the components of the potting Plant Nutrition mixture, plant growth will be restricted and abnormal. Sulphur: The 1TheBiology of the BROMELIADS by Forgotten Element David H. Benzing Author: Peter Paroz

The reason I regard sulphur as the for- Ananas for the Cut- gotten element is that it is rarely discussed as Flower and Garden an element essential for plant growth. Benzing 1 lists sulphur as the macro Markets nutrient required in least proportion; rank- By: Garth Sanewski, Senior Horticultur- ing after magnesium at about one third the ist at Dept. Of Employment, Economic rate for magnesium. Sulphur is an essential Development and Innovation, Maroochy component of certain amino acids and other Research Station, Nambour, Qld. biological compounds. It is difficult to find information on the Bromeliaceae is a plant family well signs of sulphur deficiency. This is probably recognised for its extraordinary diversity of due to the components used in compounding species with ornamental appeal. The fertilisers. Most garden fertilisers include su- Ananas, which includes the edible pineapple perphosphate; and the manufacture of ‘super’ and its close relatives, is better known for its ensures that there is adequate sulphur in the fruit, fibre and pharmaceutical uses. Some final fertiliser. of the more primitive types of pineapple do For the soluble fertilisers, widely used however have some ornamental appeal. for bromeliad and orchid culture, the pre- Brazil, the home of the wild pineap- ferred source of potassium is potassium sul- ple, has an expanding ornamental pineapple phate and this ensures that there is adequate industry with a strong market established in sulphur for the plant’s requirements. In this Europe, principally the Netherlands, Ger- respect, there is apparently an over abundant many and Portugal and smaller markets in supply of sulphur without any indication of England, France and the USA. Plantings are sulphur toxicity!! mainly in the northern state of Ceara, Brazil In short, growers who use any of the where there are approximately 50 ha. Here, popular soluble fertilisers need not worry ornamental pineapples are second only to about sulphur nutrition. However, for large roses in production importance. The main scale users who may blend their own ferti- varieties are the inedible, primitive varieties liser, some caution is indicated. A. comosus var.eretifolious (Selvagem 6) Using the cheapest available sources and A. comosus var.bracteatus . The main for the NPK, it is possible to blend up a mini- products are the pre-flowering buds, and mum cost fertiliser with an NPK**of 18:4.6: the small, decorative fruit on a long stem 26. ( 3kg urea, 5 kg DAP (di-ammonium (see Figures 1 and 2). The principal market phosphate) and 2 kg potassium chloride). appears to be for the decorative fruit with a Not recommended. This combination is progressively higher price paid for longer devoid of sulphur (calcium and magnesium stems. Small markets also exist for the foliage as well). Unless these elements are avail- of Selvagem 6 and small plants of Selvagem 6 Bromeliaceae 18 Mar/Apr 2011 Fig 1 Annas buds, A. comosus var .ereti- folious and A comosus var . anassiodes (right image) and A. comosus erectifolious decorative fruit in Brazil (top image). Below :Fig 2 A display with A. comosus var .eretifolious decorative fruit in the upper part and A. comosus var .bracteatus in the lower part separated by Alpinias (Brazil).

Bromeliaceae 19 Mar/Apr 2011 in tubes. Foliage pieces are longer than 70cm. Wurthmann wrote this article, the genus Al- Decorative fruit are 8-10cm long with a small cantarea was still part of the genus, Vriesea. well-formed crown and a stem of 40-80cm. The current genus name has been included Selvagem 6 accounts for 75% of all exports. in the text, where needed. It is sold as A .lucidus. A. comosus var. Vrieseas have enjoyed popularity in bracteatus (sold as A. porteanus ) accounts Europe for over 100 years. Demand for these for 24% and A. comosus var.ananassoides plants has fostered many hybrids, of which accounts for 1%. many are still in the trade today. Vrieseas vary In Australia, The Department of Em- in size from less than six inches in diameter ployment, Economics Development and to a size with a spread of over five feet. Innovation has conducted a fresh market The smooth-edged leaves may be pineapple breeding program at Maroochy spotted, blotched, or barred with eccentric Research Station since the early 1990’s. In markings. The inflorescence usually bears the course of expanding the pineapple germ- a flattened or distichous spike with yellow, plasm collection, several accessions of wild red, green, or purple bracts while remaining pineapple types were imported from Brazil in color for several months. including the main Brazilian ornamental CULTURE varieties, Selvagem 6 and A. comosus var. Light . bracteatus. A small scale breeding program Vrieseas are not hard to grow. They do was also conducted to explore the potential not require as much light as the neoregelias for developing improved types that might but will thrive under higher light conditions have value in the cut-flower or garden ameni- than once supposed. Some of the vrieseas ty’s industries. Several promising selections with thin, green leaves will take on a rose of decorative fruit and flowering types were or dark purple hue at the base if the plant is made. Two of these are shown in figures 4 grown as bright as 65% shade on an all-day and 5. Further work is needed to investigate basis. opportunities both on the domestic and near Soil mix. export markets. Soil mix should be well drained to permit frequent watering, which vrieseas Consider Growing prefer. potting . Vrieseas I am not an advocate of over-potting by Ervin Wurthmann having flowered Vriesea hieroglyphica in a 5 inch pot. It is well to add turkey grit or fly ash Editorial comment (Bob Reilly): Re- if you wish to grow V. fosteriana, gigantea, printed, with permission of the Bromeliad gigantea var. seideliana, hieroglyphica, Society International, from the Journal of (Alcantarea ) imperialis in a situation where the Bromeliad Society, May-June 1995, v 45 ample watering occurs. (3), pp110- 112. Ervin Wurthmann grew, and Feeding. hybridised, vrieseas in southern Florida in Most vrieseas require a higher level of the United States of America. Growing con- feeding to grow a top quality plant than do ditions there are similar to much of coastal, neoregelias. It can be accomplished by top- southern Queensland, although freezing feeding on the medium with Osmocote, Sure weather occurs periodically. When Mr. Gro, or Nutra Coat, all slow-release fertiliz- Bromeliaceae 20 Mar/Apr 2011 Fig 3 Variety 34-76, a variety with potential for the bud market

Fig 4 Variety ‘Anna’

Bromeliaceae 21 Mar/Apr 2011 ers that provide long-time feeding. Soluble as tough as neoregelias and can be grown fertilizers may be used when watering. outdoors in the Tampa Bay, Florida area. Pests. The most cold tolerant ones are those Pests are few. Soft brown scale can be with green leaves. They include: Vriesea al- controlled with Diazinon, Cygon, or Orthene. todaserrae, atra, bituminosa, bituminosa var. Occasional fungus can be handled with minor, carinata, ensiformis, erythrodactylon, Dithan M-45, Captan, or Banrot. Read labels flammea, friburgensis, incurvata, phillipo- thoroughly as dosages will vary according to coburgi, platynmea, psittacina, rodigasiana, the material used. schwackeana, simplex , and vagans . Applications . Species somewhat less tolerant of cold Small vrieseas are ideal house plants include those with more decorative foli- because they will endure relatively low light age such as Vriesea fenestralis, fosteriana. conditions and are not demanding in terms gigantea, gigantea var. seideliana, hiero- of temperature and humidity. glyphica, saundersii, tuerckheimii (from the The more closely the grower can meet Dominican Republic was collected by the ideal light and humidity the more attractive author in an area where frost occurred) and will be the plants. Most are rewarding with Alcantarea imperalis . Vriesea heterostachys, their inflorescences that retain their bright racinae , ‘Red Chestnut’, and sucrei are rea- colors for many weeks. Many vrieseas are sat- sonably cold hardy, but should be protected isfactory bedding plants where the winters are from frost and subfreezing temperatures. mild and moderate shade can be provided. Not cold hardy . Central American and Some of the larger varieties such as northern South American vrieseas are for Vriesea altodaserrae, atra, neoglutinosa, the most part not cold hardy. These varieties phillipocoburgii, tuerckheimii and Alcantarea will require greenhouse protection during edmundoi, imperialis and vinicolor would do the colder months. They include: Vriesea well with almost full sun in frost-free areas. chrystostachys, glutinoa. heliconioides. SELECTION malzinei, rubra , and splendens .The really After reading price lists and visiting challenging group. Another group for which, collections you may want to make a list of unfortunately, there is no record of hardiness the plants you would like to have. Aside from in Tampa, Florida are those of the gray-leaved the matter of size, which may be the main types, which somewhat resemble tillandsias. consideration, there are other things to think These vrieseas are frequently xerophytic in about such as special requirements for air their native habitat and for that reason require circulation and protection from cold. In some a different method of culture. Vriesea ap- cases there may not be enough information penii. barclayana, chontalensis, cylindrica, about which plants are cold hardy and which espinosae, heterandra, hitchcockiana , and ones are not. In such cases you may have rauhii are best mounted on cork bark, tree to guess, or resort to learning where plants fern plaques, or some kinds of wood. Occa- came from and how high, how dry or wet the sional spraying with a dilute, soluble fertilizer original growing conditions. The easiest is is beneficial. Since some members of this cold-hardiness so we will begin there. group are from high altitudes it is possible Cold Hardy . Nearly all of the Brazil- they may be somewhat cold hardy. ian species and their hybrids possess con- A real challenge to vriesea culture is siderable cold tolerance. Many of them are the group sometimes known as the thecophyl- Bromeliaceae 22 Mar/Apr 2011 lid vrieseas. These occur in the higher rain belt of Costa Rica, Guatemala, , MIDHURST Panama, and the Caribbean islands. Species such as Vriesea leucophylla, ororiensis , and BROMELIAD sintenisii have spectacular inflorescences while V. montana has sensationally coloured NURSERY foliage.Cultivation of this last group is dif- SPECIALIST GROWERS OF ficult and almost impossible in warm, humid areas. I have seen very presentable speci- TILLANDSIA SEEDLINGS Hard grown to suit All Australian mens in California. These plant s prefer to conditions be mounted on wood so that there is ample air drainage around the roots. A greenhouse Wholesale and Mail Order Only with fan and wet wall cooling will enhance Write for a free price list of Tillandsia your chance of getting them to survive. They and other genera to: should be watered only enough to keep them from dehydrating. It is not likely they will MIDHURST BROMELIAD tolerate any degree of cold. NURSERY WILDFIRE GARDEN P. O. BOX 612 BROMELIAD NURSERY HURSTBRIDGE, 3099 ALCANTAREA’S FOLIAGE VRIESEA’S PHONE (03) 9718 2887 NEOREGELIA’S & OTHER GENERA FAX (03) 9718 2760 VISITORS WELCOME EMAIL : [email protected] BY APPOINTMENT Cheryl Basic 1560 Yandina-Coolum road BROMAGIC Yandina. 4561 BROMELIAD NURSERY Ph. 07 5472 8827 Mob. 0403 193069 [email protected] 421 Hunchy Rd, Membership Renewal Palmwoods 4555 It’s time to renew your membership of OPEN TO THE PUBLIC the Bromeliad Society of Queensland WEDS – FRIDAY 9:30 – 2:30 Cost: SATURDAY 9:00 - 4:00 Single: $35 An extensive range of Bromeliads Family: $40 including many first release Neoregelia hybrids You can either pay your membership at the meetings or post it in to: www.bromeliads-of-australia.com.au The Membership Secretary For enquiries phone Sue on P.O. Box 565 Fortitude Valley 07 54450441 * Membership becomes due 1st January each year

Bromeliaceae 23 Mar/Apr 2011 which, if not washed off regularly and thor- Quilling oughly, causes the leaves to cement together. Cold night temperatures with very low hu- by Jerry Raak, Gahana, Ohio midity will help the ‘Honey dew’ to thicken Editorial comment (Bob Reilly): Re- and speed up the process, and in particular printed, with permission of the Bromeliad young seedlings are extremely susceptible Society of New Zealand, from Bromeliad, to quilling during this time. August 2004, v.44(8) pp12-13. Quilling, see Prevention photograph opposite, periodically affects To prevent quilling, one must maintain plants from most bromeliad genera. In this high humidity, or, quite regularly flush the article, causes and cures for this condition plants out with water to thoroughly wash are discussed. away the ‘Honey dew’. There is no better What’s that, your bromeliad is growing way to do this than to expose the plants to a up looking like a soda straw? It is probably long hard rain, be it spring, summer, winter the victim of what is commonly known as or autumn. Taking the plants to the shower ‘quilling’. Quilling is the cementing together with you may sound silly, but an equivalent of the leaves, causing the plant to be very bath procedure is very beneficial. tubular in shape. It is generally caused by Bathing a bromeliad? Maybe it sounds lack of good moisture while the plant is in crazy but it works not only to prevent quill- an active growing period. ing, but also to cure it. If you have a plant that I have found through my years of grow- is quilling, take a mild liquid detergent, and ing that certain genera are more susceptible put several drops into the tight centre cup and to quilling than others. These genera are fill it with water to overflowing. vriesea and guzmania. Rarely do aechmeas This procedure should produce lots quill, although I have Aechtnea racinae of suds. The soapy water will dissolve the var tubuliformis and Aechmea ‘Foster’s hardened sticky substance and then with the Favorite’ quill. Within the genus vriesea, gentle use of a flat but blunt object, such as certain hybrids and species are notoriously a plant marker, the leaves may be loosened consistent in quilling. Among these are V. x from the outer-most to the innermost of the morreniana, V. ensiformis , and unfortunately, leaves around the quill. Make sure after Vriesea ‘Viminalis Rex’ x V. hieroglyphica, loosening the leaves that all traces of the which is a superb hybrid with nicely banded soapy water are flushed off the leaves with foliage and a fantastic, long lasting, branched, lots of water. blood-red inflorescence with, of course, yel- A soapy water ‘recipe’ to prevent Quill- low flowers. ing: Within the genus guzmania the most Our life member, Len Trotman, has put likely to quill are G. ‘Feurn’, G. ‘Fantasia’, together this tried and true ‘recipe.’ Note that and occasionally G. ‘Exodus’ In addition, although it will cause foaming to the centre of other species of guzmania and vriesea will the plant it can be left in without any harmful quill if grown very dry. effects. It’s also effective against mosquitoes, Besides dry conditions, some plants, slugs, snails and other insects. both species and hybrids, are more suscepti- • 500mls., of Sunlight Liquid (dish wash- ble because the leaves secrete a very sugary, ing liquid) and sticky substance known as ‘Honey dew’ • 200mls., of household cloudy ammo- Bromeliaceae 24 Mar/Apr 2011 Above images - Aechmea ‘Purple Gem’ - On the left is an example of the plant as it should be, on the right is an example of extreme quilling, both plants are about the same age and height. Image below - Ae . ‘Covata Too’ an easy to grow Aechmea .

Bromeliaceae 25 Mar/Apr 2011 nia supply. Probably, the key factors in deciding • 100mls.. of citronella or Pine-o-Cleen which liquid fertiliser to use are the amounts disinfectant of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium. Mix all above into container with 5 These are represented by the symbols litres of cold water N, P and K respectively. As this mixture is very concentrated As a general rule, aim for those liquid use only at 2 to 4 tablespoons per litre of fertilisers which have a relatively “low” water in the spray solution and or 1 litre value for N, and a “high” value for K. The in main 200 litre holding tanks with liquid Bromeliad Society of Queensland sells a insecticides, fertilizers or fungicides. liquid fertiliser which has been specially Note: The mixture is compatible with, formulated for bromeliads. Its N:P:K ratio is and can be used in conjunction with, ‘OR- 3:8:25. In contrast, a widely available liquid THENE’ ... ‘ATTACK’ ...and ‘BRAVO.’ fertiliser, Phostrogen, has an N:P:K ratio of 14:4.4:22.5. However, while the bromeliad – specific liquid fertiliser may give you the Using Liquid very best effect, you can usually obtain very good results with a product such as Phos- Fertilizers trogen. (by Bob Reilly) Some people apply liquid fertilisers only when the plant is actively producing The regular use of liquid fertilisers new leaves. However, the plant may be us- improves the growth and flowering of many ing or storing nutrients even when they are bromeliads. This article may help you achieve not producing new growth. For example, these results. There is a lot of debate as to they may be initiating the production of a which bromeliads benefit from liquid fer- flower spike, producing seed, or growing tiliser. While an individual plant’s response roots. Thus, it is usually best to apply liquid will depend on many factors, for example fertilisers throughout the year. whether there is sufficient light and water for Best results are obtained when liquid it to use the nutrients supplied by the fertiliser, fertilisers are used on a regular basis. If your some groups of bromeliads are more likely fertilising schedule is more akin to a “feast”, to respond better than others. followed by a long period of “famine”, then As a general rule, bromeliads in the plants may not respond well. Initially, apply Tillandsioidea group (sub-family) respond the fertiliser at the concentration, and time well to liquid fertilisers. These cover genera intervals, recommended by the product’s such as: Alcantarea, Catopsis, Guzmania, manufacturer. Racinaea, Vriesea, Tillandsia and Werauhia. However, after some experience, you While bromeliads from other sub-families may achieve better results under your grow- may also respond well to liquid fertilisers, ing conditions by varying this approach. problems such as plant “malformation” and The residue from liquid fertilisers appears loss of leaf colour can arise. to “burn” some bromeliads if it remains on So, it is best to proceed with caution in their foliage when the temperature exceeds such cases. The “best” liquid fertiliser to use 30 degrees Celsius. One way to avoid this is the subject of much debate. A lot depends situation is to apply the liquid fertiliser in the on your growing conditions including water evening, if day-time temperatures are likely Bromeliaceae 26 Mar/Apr 2011 to exceed 30 degrees Celsius, and hose the I assume you have read most of the plants thoroughly early the next morning. journal by the time you get to read this, so I There is a wide variety of ways of hope you enjoyed the articles herein. If you applying liquid fertilisers. Some people dip are a newcomer to the world of bromeliads, their plants in a container of diluted liquid I hope you learnt a few things from the edu- fertiliser, others use “hose applicators”, cation focused articles. In the next edition, I while others use pressurised sprayers. The plan to present a few more that are targeted fertiliser’s manufacturer normally gives use- at the beginner. age recommendations for all of the common Bruce Dunstan’s travel article on Pan- application methods. ama and the references to the various species It is usually best to apply liquid fertilis- of bromeliads almost had an old non-traveller ers just after you have completed a normal like me thinking that a trip in Panama would watering. be exciting. This is the third edition I have compiled The Back End so far this year and I have another two to get by the Editor - Ross Stenhouse out within the next three months, so I am des- perately seeking new fresh articles. The lack The back end of the journal is normally of articles delays considerably the production the hardest section to fill. Articles never just of Bromeliaceae. You don’t need to write end just where I want and fill up the space a lengthy article, one about an interesting neatly. So I thought I would adopt the space, subject that is only few paragraphs in length as Editor, I can easily adjust my ramblings. is fine - how about giving it a go. Calendar of Events September 3rd. Barry and Ann Kable 281 Redland Bay Rd. Capalaba. Join us on our field day and listen to our MYSTERY SPEAKER.Barry and Ann have a large range of prize winning Bromeliads,Orchids and Foliage Plants .There will be plant sales and Barry will speak on how he use’s a variety of mix’s for his plants. Morning tea provided. Please bring a chair. 9a.m. to 1p.m.If you need more info. Contact Ruth (after 4p.m) on 32080546 or Bev. On 32087417. October 29th. Terry Tierney 125 Boulia St. Greenbank . Terry has a large variety of Bro- meliads ,Cacti and Succulents .There will be two speakers on the day, so come along and join in the fun with Ruth and Bev. Morning tea will be served. Plant sales from 9a.m to 1p.m. Don’t forget your chair. Contact Ruth [after 4p.m.] on 32080546 or Bev. on 32087417.

Do you receive the BSQ email newsletter (titled ‘Bromeliad Newsletter’) If you would like to then send an email to : [email protected] Include your name and email address GENERAL MEETINGS of the Society are held on the 3rd Thursday of each month except for December, at the Uniting Hall, 52 Merthyr Rd., New Farm, Brisbane, commenc- ing 7.30 pm. Classes for beginners commence at 7.00 pm. ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING is held immediately before the February General Meeting Bromeliaceae 27 Mar/Apr 2011 Bromeliaceae 28 Mar/Apr 2011