DOCSLIB.ORG

Masarykova Univerzita Přírodovědecká Fakulta

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Masarykova Univerzita Přírodovědecká Fakulta MASARYKOVA UNIVERZITA PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA ÚSTAV BOTANIKY A ZOOLOGIE Význam polyploidie, hybridizácie a asexuálneho rozmnožovania v evolúcii cievnatých rastlín Habilitačná práca Marly, január 2012 Patrik Mráz 2 Obsah Poďakovanie………………………………………………..……………………….…….…...5 Abstrakt……………………….…………………………………………………….…….……7 1. ZOZNAM PUBLIKÁCIÍ – PRÍLOH UCHÁDZAČA ZARADENÝCH DO HABILITAČNEJ PRÁCE………..…………………………………...…………..……..9 2. ÚVOD……………………………...………………………………………………...…….15 3. POLYPLOIDIA……………………………………...…………………………….………16 3.1. Význam polyploidie pre tvorbu reprodukčných bariér…………………………....……16 3.2. Význam polyploidie z hľadiska tvorby nových fenotypov..……………………………17 3.3. Typ polyploidie a jeho rozlíšenie…………………………………………….…..…….18 3.4. Polytopický vznik polyploidov a geografické paterny…………………………...…….19 3.5. Frekvencia polyploidie………………………………………………………………....20 3.6. Mechanizmy vzniku polyploidov………………………………………………………21 3.7. Mechanizmy koexistencie polyploidov…………………………………………..…….22 4. HYBRIDIZÁCIA……………………………………………………………………….….23 5. APOMIXIA…………………………………………………………………………….…..25 6. ZÁVER………...……………………………………………………………….………….28 7. LITERATÚRA…………………………………………………………………….……….28 3 4 Poďakovanie Hoci sa rodičom a blízkym zvykne ďakovať až na konci tejto kapitoly ja začnem práve nimi, nakoľko to bol môj otec, ktorý vo mne vzbudil záujem o prírodu. Spolu s bratom nás každodenne brával na prechádzky prakovskými lesmi, dolinami a dolkami, kde sme pozorovali všetko, čo sa hýbalo aj nehýbalo, a to bez ohľadu na prítomnosť či neprítomnosť chlorofylu v bunkách. Za to, že tento záujem pretrval podnes, a ktorý sa mi stal aj životným povolaním ďakujem aj mamine, manželke Vierke a mojim deťom. Tí všetci ma podporovali v mojom bádateľskom úsilí a vytvárali nevyhnutné zázemie potrebné pre normálny život. Im patrí moja najväčšia vďaka. Za to, že som šiel študovať biológiu, môže v dobrom Mária Kötelešová, moja triedna profesorka a učiteľka biológie z gelnického gymnázia. Na vysokej škole mi v profesionálnej orientácii pomohol Pavol Mártonfi, ktorý mi od počiatku nechal voľnú ruku bádať, a ktorý mi sprostredkoval kontakt s Karolom Marholdom. Karolovi, ale aj ďalším spolupracovníkom z Botanického ústavu SAV vďačím za veľa. Moje neskoršie vedecké smerovanie do výraznej miery ovplyvnili aj krátkodobé návštevy v Prahe, či dlhodobé pobyty na pracoviskách v Grenobli a vo Fribourgu. Stretnutia, spolupráca a diskusie s mnohými kolegami z týchto pracovísk boli nesmierne prínosné. Osobitne by som chcel spomenúť aspoň niektorých kolegov a priateľov. Jindra Chrtek má najväčšiu zásluhu na tom, že ma nenásilne presvedčil, že asexuálne jastrabníky sa oplatí študovať, aj keď v počiatkoch som z nich mával často hlavybôľ. Spolupráca s Jindrom bola a je nesmierne plodná, podobne tak spolupráca s mojou bývalou študentkou Bašou Šingliarovou. Phillip Choler a Heinz Müller-Schärer formovali moje ‘ekologické povedomie’. Heinzovi vďačím aj za ponuku pracovať na veľmi zaujímavom a z hľadiska inváznej biológie modelovom druhu – nevädzi porýnskej, a takisto ďalším kolegom z Fribourgu za veľmi podnetné prostredie. V laboratóriu a na experimentálnom políčku či v skleníku mi pomáhali Milka Sasáková, Delphine Rioux a Anne-Catherine Cossy. Zvlášť stimulujúca a obohacujúca bola práca so študentami (abecedne Alexandre Farkas, David Frey, Emilie Gex-Fabry, Katarína Kovalčiková, Karol Krak, Sandrine Michel, Juraj Paule, Valentine Renevey, Timea Rezešová, Světlana Sychrová, Barbora Šingliarová, Elham Tarbush, Daniela Tomčíková). Vďaka! 5 Táto práca vznikla spojením 19 publikovaných a jednej do redakcie zaslanej a predbežne do tlače prijatej štúdie, na ktorých sa podieľalo 38 spoluautorov. Bez nich by som nemohol dosiahnuť tu prezentované výsledky. Im všetkým ďakujem. Zároveň ďakujem redakcii Annales Botanici Fennici za umožnenie zaradiť pdf článku uverejnenon v tomto časopise (Príloha G) do predkladanej habilitačnej práce. 6 Abstract Interspecific hybridization and polyploidization and, in a lesser extent, apomixis (asexual seed reproduction) have played a substantial role in the evolution of vascular plants. Although all three processes are often closely associated, their contribution to speciation is different. Using examples from three genera of sunflower family (Centaurea, Hieracium and Pilosella), we briefly summarize in this thesis the different aspects of these evolutionary mechanisms, which have been studied by the author and his collaborators over the last ten years. Interspecific hybridization results in phenotypic and genotypic alterations, and if such an ‘evolutionary novelty’ is reproductively isolated from parental taxa and its reproduction is assured then a new hybridogeneous species can arise. We provide molecular evidence for hybrid origin and morphological differentiation of the allotetraploid Centaurea stoebe and the allopolyploid Pilosella alpicola s. str. (Appendices B, C, M, N). These hybridogeneous species were reproductively isolated from their ancestors either by a ploidy barrier (C. stoebe) and / or by apomictic reproduction (P. alpicola s.str.) (Appendices A, C). We hypothesize that interspecific hybridization has triggered an important shift from a monocarpic life cycle in the diploid C. stoebe to a polycarpic perennial life cycle in tetraploid cytotype. This in turn might explain the colonization success of a tetraploid cytotype in North America, where it has become invasive. In contrast, autopolyploidization in Pilosella rhodopea did not lead to morphological nor genetic differentiaton, probably due to very effective and intensive intercytotype gene flow (Appendix D). Our results show that the triploid cytotype of P. rhodopea creates an important intercytotype bridge, forming tetraploids through frequent unreduced gamete formation (Appendix C). Furthemore, cytogeographic and genetic data suggest multiple origins of autopolyploidy and a primary diploid-polyploid contact zone in P. rhodopea. The primary contact zones where new polyploids arise from resident diploids have only rarely been reported in vascular plants (Apendices C, D). The intercytotype interactions were also studied in five mixed-ploidy populations of Centaurea stoebe. By combining different methodological approaches, we found strong microspatial and microhabitat segregation of cytotypes in every site. Such segregation was driven by anthropogenic disturbance and later immigrations of tetraploids into already established diploid populations. Our results thus highlight the importance of non-adaptive spatio-temporal processes in explaining microhabitat and microspatial segregation of cytotypes. (Appendix A). 7 The issue of natural hybridization in the genus Hieracium, its frequency and direction, was addressed in three studies (Appendices L, O, P). They provided the first convincing evidence on recent, though rare, homoploid hybridization in the genus. In addition to natural hybridization, we also performed a pionier experimental hybridization in the same genus. The most important result was a discovery of induced autogamy in Hieracium – a phenomenom which might play an important role in reproductive isolation of otherwise strictly self- incompatible taxa (Appendices Q, R, S). Using karyological and flow-cytometric methods, we assessed new or corroborated previous chromosome counts / ploidy levels for many Pilosella and Hieracium taxa (Appendices C, E, F, G, H, I, J, K). In addition, for many hawkweed species we have determined the mode of reproduction by performing either a castration experiment or flow- cytometric seed screening analyses (Appendices C, G, I, Q). Interestingly, we have found a correlation between hybridization and apomictic reproduction in the allopolyploid P. alpicola s.str. but not in the autopolyploid P. rhodopea that exclusively reproduces sexually (Appendix C). These results thus stress the importance of polyploidy and apomictic reproduction as the stabilization mechanisms in the evolution of Hieracium and Pilosella. 8 1. ZOZNAM PUBLIKÁCIÍ – PRÍLOH UCHÁDZAČA ZARADENÝCH DO HABILITAČNEJ PRÁCE A. Mráz P, Španiel S, Keller A, Bowmann G, Farkas A, Šingliarová B, Rohr RP, Broennimann O, Müller-Schärer H. Anthropogenic disturbance as a driver of microspatial and microhabitat segregation of cytotypes in diploid-tetraploid contact zones. (rukopis pripravený na odoslanie). Autorský podiel uchádzača: 80%. PM navrhol a koordionoval štúdiu, podieľal sa na zbere rastlinného materiálu, na meraniach rastlín v teréne, spolupodieľal sa na cytometrických a karyologických analýzach, izolácii DNA a analýze genetických dát, vykonal štatistické analýzy, interpretoval výsledky a napísal štúdiu. B. Mráz P, Garcia-Jacas N, Gex-Fabry E, Susanna A, Barres L, Müller-Schärer H. 2012. Allopolyploid origin of highly invasive Centaurea stoebe sl (Asteraceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62: 612–623. Autorský podiel uchádzača: 70%. PM navrhol a koordionoval štúdiu, nadviazal kontakt so španielskym tímom, podieľal sa na zbere a pestovaní rastlinného materiálu a cytometrických a karyologických analýzach, izolácii DNA a analýze dát, interpretoval výsledky a napísal štúdiu. C. Šingliarová B, Hodálová I & Mráz P. 2011. Biosystematic study of the diploid- polyploid Pilosella alpicola group with variation in breeding system: patterns and processes. Taxon 60: 450–470. Autorský podiel uchádzača: 50% PM navrhol a koordinoval štúdiu, čiastočne sa podieľal na zbere rastlinného materiálu, previedol molekulárne analýzy a významne sa podieľal na interpretácií výsledkov a na písaní textu. D. Šingliarová B, Chrtek J, Plačková
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Literature Cited
    Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volumes 19, 20, and 21, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbre- viated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix “a”; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with “b”. Works missing from any suffixed sequence here are ones cited elsewhere in the Flora that are not pertinent in these volumes.
    [Show full text]
  • Asteraceae) from Central and Southeastern Europe
    ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica 53/1: 102–110, 2011 DOI: 10.2478/v10182-011-0014-3 CHROMOSOME NUMBERS IN HIERACIUM AND PILOSELLA (ASTERACEAE) FROM CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE TOMASZ ILNICKI1* AND ZBIGNIEW SZELĄG2** 1Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Jagiellonian University, Grodzka 52, 31-044 Cracow, Poland, 2Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University, Kopernika 31, 31-501 Cracow, Poland Received March 20, 2011; revision accepted April 29, 2011 Chromosome numbers of 46 Hieracium L. and Pilosella Vaill. taxa from Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia and Slovakia are presented. Chromosomes numbers are given for the first time for Hieracium amphigenum Briq. 2n = 3x = 27, H. bohatschianum Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. borbasii R. Uechtr. 2n = 4x = 36, H. cernuum Friv. 2n = 2x = 18, H. hazslinszkyi Pax 2n = 3x = 27, H. mirekii Szeląg 2n = 4x = 36, H. polyphyllobasis (Nyár. & Zahn) Szeląg 2n = 3x = 27, H. porphyriticum A. Kern. 2n = 4x = 36, H. racemosum Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. subsp. racemosum 2n = 3x = 27, H. scardicum Borm. & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. sparsum subsp. ipekanum Rech. fil. & Zahn 2n = 4x = 36, H. sparsum subsp. peristeriense Behr & Zahn, H. sparsum subsp. squarrosobracchiatum Behr & al. 2n = 3x = 27, H. tomosense Simk. 2n = 4x = 36, H. tubulare Nyár. 2n = 4x = 36, H. werneri Szeląg 2n = 3x = 27 and Pilosella fusca subsp. subpe- dunculata (Zahn) Szeląg, as well as five species of Hieracium sect. Cernua R. Uechtr. not described to date and a hybrid between H. bifidum s. lat. and H. pojoritense Woł. Key words: Asteraceae, chromosome numbers, Europe, Hieracium, karyotypes, Pilosella. INTRODUCTION In the genus Pilosella, determining the mode of reproduction on the basis of ploidy level is more com- Hieracium L.
    [Show full text]
  • R11 Forest Management Plan : Part 3
    R11 Forest Management Plan 3.6 Detailed Indicator Sheets Indicator 1.1.1 Value: Biodiversity – Ecosystem Diversity Objective: Conserve ecosystem diversity by emulating natural disturbance patterns and the range of variation therein (i.e., coarse filter approach). Indicator: Treatment size and residual pattern. Target: Treatment size and pattern within the natural range of variation: multiple treatments over a series of years may be clustered to emulate larger natural burns. Greater than two thirds of these treatment events will be 600 ha or larger. The planning boundaries for individual treatment events will provide a minimum of 15% remnant undisturbed forest, with the average amount of post-treatment remnant area falling between 29% and 49%. Current Status: In developing this indicator and the associated targets, the Planning Team reviewed the work done by the Foothills Model Forest Natural Disturbance Program and the associated Highway 40 North Demonstration Project. The Natural Disturbance Program is a large research project that has been studying fire regimes in the Rocky Mountain and Foothills Natural Regions of west-central Alberta. The Highway 40 project is a multi-partner initiative that is demonstrating how research results from the Natural Disturbance Program can be incorporated into a natural disturbance emulation approach to planning industrial activity. Assessing this indicator using methods similar to those of the Highway 40 project demonstrates use of the best available science, a direct recommendation of the Charrette process (Objective 5.1). Although the Foothills Model Forest study did not occur within the R11 FMU boundary, the study area did border R11 to the north-west and contained a similar compliment of natural subregions (Lower Foothills, Upper Foothills, Montane, Subalpine, and Alpine).
    [Show full text]
  • Carthamus Tinctorius) and Wild Relatives of the Genus Carthamus Marion Mayerhofer1, Reinhold Mayerhofer1, Deborah Topinka2, Jed Christianson1, Allen G Good1*
    Mayerhofer et al. BMC Plant Biology 2011, 11:47 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/11/47 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Introgression potential between safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) and wild relatives of the genus Carthamus Marion Mayerhofer1, Reinhold Mayerhofer1, Deborah Topinka2, Jed Christianson1, Allen G Good1* Abstract Background: Safflower, Carthamus tinctorius, is a thistle that is grown commercially for the production of oil and birdseed and recently, as a host for the production of transgenic pharmaceutical proteins. C. tinctorius can cross with a number of its wild relatives, creating the possibility of gene flow from safflower to weedy species. In this study we looked at the introgression potential between different members of the genus Carthamus, measured the fitness of the parents versus the F1 hybrids, followed the segregation of a specific transgene in the progeny and tried to identify traits important for adaptation to different environments. Results: Safflower hybridized and produced viable offspring with members of the section Carthamus and species with chromosome numbers of n = 10 and n = 22, but not with n = 32. The T-DNA construct of a transgenic C. tinctorius line was passed on to the F1 progeny in a Mendelian fashion, except in one specific cross, where it was deleted at a frequency of approximately 21%. Analyzing fitness and key morphological traits like colored seeds, shattering seed heads and the presence of a pappus, we found no evidence of hybrid vigour or increased weediness in the F1 hybrids of commercial safflower and its wild relatives. Conclusion: Our results suggest that hybridization between commercial safflower and its wild relatives, while feasible in most cases we studied, does not generate progeny with higher propensity for weediness.
    [Show full text]
  • Carduncellus-Carthamus Complex (Asteraceae) Based on ITS Sequences
    Plant Syst. Evol. 221:89-105 (2000) Plant Systematics and Evolution © Springer-Verlag 2000 Printed in Austria Generic delimitation and phylogeny of the Carduncellus-Carthamus complex (Asteraceae) based on ITS sequences R. Vilatersana, A. Susanna, N. Garcia-Jacas, and T. Garnatje Institut Botfinic de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain Received August 18, 1999 Accepted October 21, 1999 Abstract. Within the Mediterranean complex 50 species (Dittrich 1977). These two genera Carduncellus-Carthamus, taxonomic classification share a native distribution ranging from the has proven problematic. Numerous attempts to Iberian Peninsula and Morocco to West Asia, clarify the relative systematic boundaries have but the core of Carduncellus centers in the included splitting Carduncellus and Cartharnus western Mediterranean (Iberian Peninsula and into several genera, but none of these proposed North Africa, eastward to Greece and Egypt), classifications have been generally accepted. For a comprehensive resolution of the relationships while Carthamus centers in the eastern Medi- within this group, we used sequences of the terranean Basin, except for a small section Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) of nuclear endemic to southern Spain and Morocco ribosomal DNA. The results indicate that the (Fig. 1). complex should be classified into four genera: In addition, some species such as Car- Carduncellus, Carthamus, Ferneniasia and Phonus. tharnus lanatus L., probably of hybrid origin, The relationship between the western group and Carthamus leucocaulos Sibth. & Sm. are (Carduncellus, Femeniasia and Phonus) and the widely naturalized as noxious weeds in the eastern genus Carthamus are not resolved by western Mediterranean region, as well as in analysis of ITS sequences, but the two groups Mediterranean climatic regions of Argentina, are probably not close relatives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of British Columbia Part 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae Through Cucurbitaceae)
    The Vascular Plants of British Columbia Part 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae through Cucurbitaceae) by George W. Douglas1, Gerald B. Straley2 and Del Meidinger3 1 George Douglas 2 Gerald Straley 3 Del Meidinger 6200 North Road Botanical Garden Research Branch R.R.#2 University of British Columbia B.C. Ministry of Forests Duncan, B.C. V9L 1N9 6501 S.W. Marine Drive 31 Bastion Square Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 Victoria, B. C. V8W 3E7 April 1989 Ministry of Forests THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Part 1 - Gymnosperms and Dicotyledons (Aceraceae through Cucurbitaceae) Contributors: Dr. G.W. Douglas, Douglas Ecological Consultants Ltd., Duncan, B.C. — Aceraceae through Betulaceae Brassicaceae (except Arabis, Cardamine and Rorippa) through Cucurbitaceae. Mr. D. Meidinger, Research Branch, B.C. Ministry of Forests, Victoria, B.C. — Gymnosperms. Dr. G.B. Straley, Botanical Garden, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C. — Boraginaceae, Arabis and Rorippa. With the cooperation of the Royal British Columbia Museum and the Botanical University of British Columbia. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful to Dr. G.A. Allen for providing valuable suggestions during the initial stages of the project. Thanks are also due to Drs. G.A. Allen, A. Ceska and F. Ganders for reviewing taxonomically difficult groups. Mrs. O. Ceska reviewed the final draft of Part 1. Mr. G. Mulligan kindly searched the DAO herbarium and provided information on Brassicaceae. Dr. G. Argus helped with records from CAN. Louise Gronmyr and Jean Stringer kindly typed most of the contributions and helped in many ways in the production of the final manuscript which was typeset by Beth Collins.
    [Show full text]
  • CBA/ABC Bulletin 38(3)
    Contents Table des matières The Canadian Botanical President’s Message page 25 Motions adopted at the AGM Association Bulletin page 26 Editor’s Message / Message du rédacteur page 26 Lawson Medal - Mary E. Elliott Award 2005 Vipen Sawhney page 27 CBA Student Awards 2005 page 28 Bulletin de l’Association Papers / Articles botanique du Canada October/ Octobre 200 5 • Volume 38 No. / No 3 Poorly Known Economic Plants of Canada - 46. Black chokeberry ().Photinia melanocarpa President’s message E. Small and P.M. Catling pages 29-34 Dear CBA/ABC member: The Global Taxonomy Initiative Mark Graham Hope you are all having an exciting and enjoyable summer. A year has gone by pages 35-36 since I took over as the President and I feel that although we have moved forward on a few things, there is still a lot to be accomplished. News from the Teaching Section Christine D. Maxwell First of all, I would like to thank all of you for your support in the last year. In page 37 particular, I want to thank all members of the Board who truly have done an outstanding job in each of their respective responsibilities. We are grateful to the Book Reviews / Revues de livres out-going executive membersChristine Maxwell , the secretary, and Roisin pages 38-43 Mulligan, the Vice-President, for their dedicated service and enormous help to the Association. We welcomeMarian Munro as the new secretary and Daya F.S. Gilliam and M.R. Roberts: The Herbaceous Layer in Forests Dayanandan as the Vice-President and I look forward to working with them.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution of Mountain Hawkweeds (Hieracium S. Str.)
    ISSN 2336 - 3193 Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 66: 193 - 229, 2017 DOI: 10.1515/cszma - 2017 - 0024 Published: online 31 th January 2018, print Fe bruary 2018 Distribution of mountain hawkweeds ( Hieracium s. str.) in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains Jiří Kocián & Jindřich Chrtek Distribution of mountain hawkweeds ( Hieracium s. str.) in the Hrubý Jeseník Mountains. – Acta Mus. Siles. Sci. Natur., 66: 193 - 229 , 201 7 . Abstract : Field revision of current distribution of mountain hawkweeds ( Hieracium s. str.) in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts was undertaken. Hieracium atratum, H. chlorocephalum, H. engleri , H. grabow - skianum and H. plumbeum , whose last occurrence was documented many decades or even a century ago, were rediscovered. H. plumbeum was even found in new localities. The occurrence of H. alpinum, H. bifidum, H. chrysostyl oides, H. inuloides, H. nigritum, H. prenanthoides, H. silesiacum, H. stygium and H. villosum was ascertained at many of their historical localities and a few new localities were found too. A neophyte species H. mixtum was discovered. Hieracium moravicum w as not found. Accurate locality description and population size are provided for each finding. Herbarium revision and excerption of crucial literature were performed to provide historical distribution. Distributional changes as well as threatening and bene ficial factors influencing Hieracium species in the Hrubý Jeseník Mts are discussed. Key words : Hieracium , Hrubý Jeseník, distribution, field revision, rediscovery, mountain plants Introduction The Hrubý Jeseník Mountains (referred to below as “HJM“ , also as an adjective) are the second highest mountains range in the Czech Republic. Their botanical richness has been systematically studied for two centuries and current knowledge of the botanical richness of this area is at a high level (Bureš 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Washington Flora Checklist a Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium
    Washington Flora Checklist A checklist of the Vascular Plants of Washington State Hosted by the University of Washington Herbarium The Washington Flora Checklist aims to be a complete list of the native and naturalized vascular plants of Washington State, with current classifications, nomenclature and synonymy. The checklist currently contains 3,929 terminal taxa (species, subspecies, and varieties). Taxa included in the checklist: * Native taxa whether extant, extirpated, or extinct. * Exotic taxa that are naturalized, escaped from cultivation, or persisting wild. * Waifs (e.g., ballast plants, escaped crop plants) and other scarcely collected exotics. * Interspecific hybrids that are frequent or self-maintaining. * Some unnamed taxa in the process of being described. Family classifications follow APG IV for angiosperms, PPG I (J. Syst. Evol. 54:563?603. 2016.) for pteridophytes, and Christenhusz et al. (Phytotaxa 19:55?70. 2011.) for gymnosperms, with a few exceptions. Nomenclature and synonymy at the rank of genus and below follows the 2nd Edition of the Flora of the Pacific Northwest except where superceded by new information. Accepted names are indicated with blue font; synonyms with black font. Native species and infraspecies are marked with boldface font. Please note: This is a working checklist, continuously updated. Use it at your discretion. Created from the Washington Flora Checklist Database on September 17th, 2018 at 9:47pm PST. Available online at http://biology.burke.washington.edu/waflora/checklist.php Comments and questions should be addressed to the checklist administrators: David Giblin ([email protected]) Peter Zika ([email protected]) Suggested citation: Weinmann, F., P.F. Zika, D.E. Giblin, B.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Vegetation of Mt Likeo (Peloponnisos, Greece)
    Fl. Medit. 23: 15-47 doi: 10.7320/FlMedit23.015 Version of Record published online on 30 December 2013 Evagelos Baliousis Flora and vegetation of Mt Likeo (Peloponnisos, Greece) Abstract Baliousis, E.: Flora and vegetation of Mt Likeo (Peloponnisos, Greece). — Fl. Medit. 23: 15- 47. 2013. — ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online. The current investigation presents 701 specific and infraspecific taxa of the vascular flora of Mt Likeo, SW Peloponnisos. From these, 543 are reported from the mountain for the first time, 41 are Greek and 23 Balkan endemics. For each taxon, local distribution and habitat types are pre- sented. Trifolium strictum seems to be a first record for Peloponnisos. Some of the new records concern rare taxa in Greece, in Peloponnisos or regional endemics, which are, therefore, choro- logically significant, such as Arenaria guicciardii, Cota brachmannii, Thlaspi graecum, Alkanna methanaea, Campanula topaliana subsp. cordifolia, Sedum laconicum subsp. laconicum, Achillea grandifolia, Scrophularia scopolii. The main vegetation types are also briefly described. Key words: biodiversity, adventive plants, phytogeography. Introduction Mt Likeo or Diaforti is located in Peloponnisos and belongs to the homonymous unit according to the phytogeographical division in “Flora Hellenica” (Strid & Tan 1997). It is situated in the southwestern part of Peloponnisos between the Megalopolis basin and the town of Zaharo. It lies NNE of the Messinian peninsula and administratively belongs to the prefectures of Messenia, Arkadia and Ilia. Its name is correlated with ancient Greek history as it was regarded from the ancient arkades as the place of birth of Zeus and thus their holy mountain. The highest peaks of Mt Likeo (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • USDA/APHIS Environmental Assessment
    USDA-APHIS Environmental Assessment In response to permit application (06-363-103r), received from SemBioSys, Inc. for a field-test to produce human proinsulin (line 4438-5A) in genetically engineered safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seeds U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Biotechnology Regulatory Services 06_363103r_062207 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS............................................................................................................................. 2 I. SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................... 3 II. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................... 3 A. USDA REGULATORY AUTHORITY .................................................................................................... 3 B. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA) REGULATORY AUTHORITY ........................................... 4 III. PURPOSE AND NEED ................................................................................................................. 4 IV. ALTERNATIVES .......................................................................................................................... 4 A. NO ACTION: DO NOT ALLOW PLANTING TO INCREASE SEED PRODUCTION ........................................ 5 B. ISSUE THE PERMIT: ALLOW PLANTING WITH SUPPLEMENTAL CONDITIONS ....................................... 5 C. PREFERRED
    [Show full text]
  • New Invaders of the Northwest, 2Nd Edition
    United States TECHNOLOGY Department of Agriculture TRANSFER NEW INVADERS OF THE NORTHWEST Second Edition Rachel Winston, Wendy DesCamp, Jennifer Andreas, Carol Bell Randall, Joseph Milan, and Mark Schwarzländer Forest Health Technology University of Idaho FHTET-2014-12 Enterprise Team Extension December 2014 he Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team (FHTET) was created in T1995 by the Deputy Chief for State and Private Forestry, USDA, Forest Service, to develop and deliver technologies to protect and improve the health of American forests. This book was published by FHTET as part of the technology transfer series. http://www.fs.fed.us/foresthealth/technology/ Cover photos (clockwise from top left): crown vetch (Dan Tenaglia, Missouriplants.com, www.bugwood. org), garden loosestrife (King County NWCB), giant reed (Amy Ferriter, www.bugwood.org), blueweed (H. Zell), English holly (Jürgen Howaldt) The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, or call 202- 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader.
    [Show full text]