NASA/SP--2001-7501/SUPPL7

NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT

A three-part cumulative update of the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus

July 2001 The NASA STI Program Office... in Profile

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collected to the advancement of aeronautics and space papers from scientific and technical science. The NASA Scientific and Tecbalical conferences, symposia, seminars, or other Infommtion (STI) Program Office plays a key meetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA. part in helping NASA maintain this important role. SPECIAL PUBLICKFION. Scientific, teclmical, or historical information from The NASA STI Program ()ffice is operated by NASA programs, projects, and missions, Langley Research Center, the lead center for often concerned with subjects having NASA's scientific and teclmical infbrmation. substantial public interest. The NASA STI Program Office provides access to the NASA STI Database, the largest collection TECHNICAL TRANSLATION. of aeronautical and space science STI in the English-language _anslations of foreign world. The Program Office is also NASA's scientific and technical material pertinent to institutional mechanism for disseminathlg the NASA's mission. results of its research and development activities. These results are published by NASA in the Specialized services that complement the STI NASA STI Report Series, which includes the Program Office's diverse offerings include following report types: creating custom thesauri, building customized databases, organizing and publishing research TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of results.., even providing videos. completed research or a major significant phase of research ttmt present the results of For more information about the NASA STI NASA programs and include extensive data or Program Office, see the following: theoretical analysis, hMudes compilations of sigrfificant scientific and tectmical data and * Access the NASA STI Program Home Page at intbrmafion deemed to be of continuing http://www.sti.nasa.gov reference value. NASA's counterpart of peer- reviewed tbrmal professional papers but has * E-mail your question via the lntemet to less stringent limitations on manuscript length [email protected] and extent of graphic presentations. * Fax your question to the NASA STI Help TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientific Desk at (301) 621-0134 and technical findings that are preliminary or of specialized interest, e.g., quick release * Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at :reports, working papers, and bibliographies (301) 621-0390 that contain minimal annotation. Does not Write to: contain extensive analysis. NASA STI Help Desk CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and NASA Center for AeroSpace Infommtion 7121 Standard Drive technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. Hanover, MD 21076-1320 NASA/SP--2001-7501/SUPPL7

NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT

A three-part cumulative update of the 1998 edilion of the NASA Thesaurus

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

July 2001 Available from:

NASA Center for AeroSpace Infbi_lation 7121 Standard Drive Hanover, MD 21076-1320 Table of Contents

Part I }{ierarci{_{cai Lb_{_g ...... 11

A listing of new NASA Thesaurus terms and their hierarchies, supplementing the NASA Thesaurus Hierarchical Listing _ith Definigions.

Part 2 R{}tated '|_erm [ _splay ......

A listing of the postable and nonpostable temls found in Part 1, _m'anged in a KWIC (key-word-in-context) index.

Part 3

A list of deletions or ch_mges to postable terms.

iii

Introduction

This Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP--1998-7501). The update includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added between the cut-off for the 1998 edition (December 11997) through June 30, 20011. Parts 1 and 2 of this Supplement cotxespond to Volumes 1 and 2 of tile printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Supplements are normally published every six months.

Part 1 (Hierarchical Listing) contains the full hierarchical structure for each new term along with all new cross references and term definitions.

Display elemems comprising the hierarchical listing _xe as follows:

Display Element Notation Generic Structure ...... GS Related Tern1 ...... RT Use ...... USE Use For ...... UF Scope Note ...... SN Definition ...... DEF Array Terms ...... co

For a fuller explanation, see the Introduction (pages viii-xi) in the printed version of the 1998 NASA Thesaurus, Volume 1.

Part 2 (Rotated Term Display) is a ready reference tool which provides additional 'access points' to the thesaurus terminology. It contains the postable terms and nonpostable cross references found in the Hierarchical Listing (Part 1) arranged in a KWIC (key-word-in-context) index.

Part 3 (Changes) is a listing of deletions or changes to postable terms or USE references made since the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus. To control the size of the Supplement, only significant changes in term hierar- chies and related term lists are presented.

NOTE: Other resources and products related to the NASA Thesaurus can be found at the following URL: http://www.sfi.nasa.gov/thesfrml.htm.

In addition to the above mentioned resources, a thesaurus listserv has been set up for submitting candidate terms and discussion of related lexicographical issues. A listing of candidate and accepted new terms is posted tnonthly. To subscribe to this listserv, send an e-mail message to |[email protected]. Leave the subject line blank and in the message section, type SUBSCRIBE THESAURUS-L . (Should you wish to cancel your subscription, send a message to the same address with UNSUBSCRIBE in the message section.)

Comments and suggestions regarding the NASA Thesmwus should be directed to:

Lexicographer E=mail: help@ sti.nasa.gov NASA Center for AeroSpace Information Fax: (301) 621----0134 7121 Standard Drive Telephone: (301) 621_0114 Hanover, MD 21076-1320

NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT

PART 1 HIERARCHICAL LISTING

A spacecraft design counting circuits spacecraft shielding detectors spacecraft structures discriminators 2001 Mars Odyssey gamma ray spectrometers (added May 2001) Alpha Magne[ie Spectrometer hodoscopes DEF Mars orbiter mission designed to make (added ,June 1,998) particle telescopes global observations of Mars to improve our UF AMS (spectrometer) proportional counters understanding of the Martian climate and geologic GS measuring instruments radiation counters history, including the search for liquid water and • spectrometers scintillation counters evidence of past life. -f-he three primary • Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer signal detectors instruments carried onboard are THEMIS RT antimatter trigger circuits (-]-herrnal Emission Imaging System), GRS Cerenkov counters (Gamma Ray Spectrometer), and MARIE (Mars cosmic rays anticoincidence shields Radiation Environment Experirnent). Launched dark matter USE anticoincidence detectors April 2001. International Space Station interstellar rnatter GS space missions antiphase boundaries • Mars missions magnetic spectroscopy ('added March 1998) space station payloads • . 2001 Mars Odyssey LJF antiphase domains spaceborne astronomy RT gamma ray spectrometers APB (materials) Mars (planet) GS boundaries AM--.1 (EOS) spacecraft Mars exploration antiphase boundaries Mars surface USE Terra spacecraft RT binary alloys Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission crystal dislocations AMS (spectrometer) crystal lattices ACE satellite USE Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer crystal structure USE Advanced Composition Explorer grain boundaries anisoplanatism interracial energy Advanced Composition Explorer (added May 1999) intermetallics (added December 1999) DEF In adaptive optics (AO) systems, a microstructure DEF Explorer spacecraft (launched August perforrn ance--deg rading effect that arises order_disorder transformations 25, 1997) carrying six high-resolution sensors and whenever light from the wave-front sensor beacon solid solutions three monitoring instruments for sampling and light ftorn the target object sample different solid---solid irtterfaces volumes of optical turbulence. This effect results low--energy particles of solar origin and superlattices in an increased value of the aperture-averaged high-energy galactic particles. From a vantage ternary alloys point approximately 1/100 of the distance from the residual phase variance after AO compensation, Earth to the Sun, the Advanced Composition which causes an exponential decrease in system antphase domains Explorer (ACE) carl perform rrleasurerrlents over performance. USE antiphase boundaries a wide range of energy and nuclear mass, under RT aberration all solar wind flow conditions and during both large adaptive optics and small particle events including solar flares• atmospheric correction APB (materials) When reporting space weather ACE can provide atmospheric optics USE an[iphase boundaries an advance warning of geomagnetic storms• image resolution UF ACE satellite optical correction procedure apoptosis Explorer 71 satellite phase error (added October 2000) GS artificial satellites telescopes DEF One of the two mechanisms by which scientific satellites cell death occurs (the other being the pathological • . Explorer satellites antenna gain process of NECROSIS) Apoptosis is the • . Advanced Composition Explorer (added June 1998) mechanism responsible for [he physiological RT energetic particles GS arnplification deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically galactic cosmic rays antenna gain programmed It is characterized by distinctive interplanetary medium R-]- antennas morphologic changes in the nucleus and solar corpuscular radiation automatic gain control cytoplasrn, chrornatJn cleavage at regularly spaced solar cosmic rays directional antennas sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of solar wind effectiveness genornic DNA at internucleosornal sites. -]-his space weather high gain mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis signal reception in regulating the size of animal tissues and in aerosheHs mediating pathologic processes associated with (added May 199,£) anticoincidenee detectors tumor growth• DEF Aerodynamic structural shells that attach (added August 2000) UF programmed ceil death to, or comprise a portion of, the exterior of an DEF Detectors and related systems that GS physiological effects aerospace vehicle or space probe; especially such differentiate ambient background noise from • apoptosis structures that support atmospheric entry, signals of interest by identifying unwanted input RT biological effects aerobraking, aeroassist, or hypersonic flight. signals that co•--occur in tJrne with other signals. cells (biology) GS aerodynamic configurations Often used with gamma-ray detection systems• cytology • aerosheHs UF anticoincidence shields death RT aeromaneuvering RT background radiation deoxyribonucleic acid nose cones coincidence circuits necrosis reentry vehicles corn parators radiation effects associativememory

archaeomagnetism bevel gears Boeing 717 aircraft USE paleomagnetism (added May 1999) (added October 1998) GS gears GS Boeing aircraft • bevel gears • Boeing 717 aircraft associative memory commercial aircraft (added December 1999) .. spiral bevel gears DEF A method or device for data storage in RT gear teeth • Boeing 717 aircraft which data is identified by a part or properties of jet aircraft • turbofan aircraft its content, rather than by an address or" relative biomass burning • Boeing 717 aircraft position (added December 1999) rnonoplanes UF associative storage DEF Burning of vegetation in forests, content--addressable memory grasslands, and agricultural lands usually carried • Boeing 717 aircraft passenger aircraff GS memory (computers) out to clear the land and change its use; a • associative memory significant contributor to the global budgets of • Boeing 717 aircraft transport aircraft RT associative processing (computers) many radiatively and chemically active gases and cornputer storage devices particulates in the atmosphere. • Boeing 717 aircraft neural nets GS combustion R]- c_ aircraft optical mernory (data storage) biomass burning RT air pollution bohrium climate change (added May 1998) associative storage combustion products GS chemical elements USE associative memory contaminants • bohrium defores[a[Jon RT hassium asteroseismology environment pollution seaborgJum (added March 2001) forest fires Bond number DEF Study of stellar oscillations as a means man environment interactions to probing the internal structure and dynamics of smoke (added December 1,999) stars. DEF DJrnensJonless nurnber representing the LJF stellar seismology biomimetics ratio between gravitational force and the surface tension of a bubble, drop, or rnenJscus. GS seJsrnology (added October 2000) GS dimensionless numbers asteroseismology DEF The study of biological systems as Bond number helioseismology models for the development of synthetic materials, RT drops (liquids) RT astrometry devices, sensors, and processes. gravitatJorlal effects astronomical photometry RT biochemistry astrophysics interracial tension bioengineering menisci starq uakes biological models (mathematics) stellar evolution ¢_ biology BWB configurations stellar" interiors bionics USE blended-wing-body configurations stellar oscillations cybernetics stellar physics smart materials smart structures automatic indexing C USE indexing (information science) Biot--4_svart law (added August 1998) carrier sense multiple access DEF Law describing the intensity of a (added April 2OO0) magnetic field produced by a current carrying wire. DEF A data transmission protocol for B Also applied in fluid dynamics to describe tile multi---access networks where each node Jn the flow-velocity field induced by a vortex network senses traffic and waits for it to clear GS laws before transmitting; Jf two or more nodes transmit Biot-Savsr[ law simultaneously, they wait a random interval before baro[eceptor reflexes RT electromagnetism attempting to re-transmit USE baroreflexes flow velocity GS protocol (computers) magnetic fields • carrier sense multiple access baroreflexes Maxwell equation telecommunication vortices (added March 2001) • multiple access DEF A negative feedback system that buffers • . carrier sense multiple access short-term changes in blood pressure Increased blended-wing-body configurations transmission pressure stretches blood vessels, which activates (added April 2001) • signal transmission pressoreceptors (baroreceptors) in tile vessel DEF Flight vehicle configurations that • . data transmission walls• The central nervous system's net response maximize overall efficiency by integrating the • . . rnukiple access Js a reduction of central sympathetic outflow ]-his engines, wings, and the body into a single lifting .... carrier sense multiple access reduces blood pressure by decreasing peripheral surface. Sorrletirnes referred to as flying---wing R-r communication networks vascular resistance and by lowering cardiac configurations computer networks output Because the baroreceptors are tonically UF blonde&--wing---fuselage Ethemet active, the barorefiex can corr]pensate rapidly for BWB configurations local area networks both increases and decreases in blood pressure llying wing configurations packet transmission UF baroreceptor reflexes GS aerodynamic configurations pressorecepfor reflexes • body-wing configurations cascode devices GS reflexes • blended-wing-body (added August 1998) • baroreflexes configurations DEF ArnplJfier devices consisting of a • carotid sinus reflex RT aircraft configurations common grounded-emitter (cathode) or source R-f- baroreceptors aircraft design stage that drives a grounded---base output stage, blood pressure SR-71 aircraft resulting in high-impedance, high-gain, and cardiovascular system tailless aircraft Iow.--.noise, heart rate GS amplifiers hemodynamJc responses blended---wing---fuselage • cascode devices physiological responses USE blended-wing-body configurations electronic equipment critical current

• solid state devices cHnostats commercial off---the---ahell products semiconductor devices (added July 2000) (added March 2001) • . cascode devices DEF Devices for producing vector:--averaged DEF Readily--available, RT CMOS gravitational environments which mimic commercially_developed products; often referring field effect transistors microg ravity. to commercial products that can be used as an high electron mobility transistors UF random positioning machines alternative to in-house or customized product switching circuits GS simulators development• transistor amplifiers • environment simulators UF COTS products transistor ch'cuits • . space simulators GS products transistors . . clinostata • commercial off---the---shelf products RT bioreactors RT commercialization centrifuges cost effectiveness cellular manufacturing clinorotation government procurement USE group technology (manufacturing) gravitational effects procurement management gravitational physiology product development microgravity chain reactions (chemistry) content-adch'essable memory (added May 1999) rotating environments USE associative memory GS chemical reactions space environment simulation chain reactions (chemistry) tissue engineering CONTOUR (mission) RT chemical lasers weightlessness simulation USE Comet Nucleus Tour combustion chemistry cloud.--{o--cloud discharges Cooper-Harper ratings (added August 1999) (added August 1999) chain reactions (nuclear physics) GS electric current GS flight characteristics (added May 1999) electric discharges GS nuclear reactions • pilot ratings • lightning nuclear fission • Cooper--Harper ratings • . cloud-to-cloud discharges • . chain reactions (nuclear physics) ratings RT fission products pilot ratings neutrons cloud-to_Jround discharges • Cooper-Harper ratings (added August 1999) R-r aircraft performance GS electric current helicopter performance CtTandra X Ray As#ophysics Facility electric discharges USE X Ray Astrophysics Facility .. lightning corrugated waveguides • . cloud-to-ground discharges (added F_.,b[ua[y 1998) RT elves GS waveguides clamped structures sprites (atmospheric physics) • corrugated waveguides (added February 1998) RT gratings (spectra) R-f- beams (supports) optical waveguides CMBR (astronomy) clamps waveguide antennas composite structL,res USE cosmic microwave background radiation joints (junctions) cosmic microwave background radiation laminates (added July 2000) plates (structural members) cochannel interference UF CMBR (astronomy) shells (structural forms) (added April 2000) GS electromagnetic radiation structural members DEF Interference caused by multiple, radio waves structural vibration simultaneous transmissions occurring in the same extraterrestrial radio waves co structures communication channel cosmic microwave background GS electromagnetic interference radia[ion radio frequency interference short wave radiation clinorotation • cochannel interference • microwaves (added July 2000) RT channel capacity DEF Rotational motion of a test subject about .... cosmic microwave background channel noise radiation one or more axes that are inclined with respect to intersymboiic interference extraterrestrial radiation the gravitational vector; often applied to simulate phase shift keying • extraterrestrial radio waves a microgravity environment. UF clinostat rotation • cosmic microwave background radiation clinostating colloidal suspensions GS gyration USE colloids R]- cosmology rotation radio astronomy .. clinorotation relic radiation Comet Nucleus Tour Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect RT centrifuging (added February 1999) d inostats DEF A NASA Discovery--class mission to cosnTions gravitational effects acquire imagery and comparative spectral maps of USE weakly interacting massive particles gravitational physiology cornet nuclei and analyze cornet dust flows. ]-he microgravity mission spacecraft will fly to within 100 kilometers cost benefit analysis rotating environments of at least three near-Earth comets including USE cost analysis space environment simulation Comet Encke, Comet Schwassmann-Wachmann, cost effectiveness weightlessness and Comet d'Arrest. weightlessness simulation UF CONTOUR (mission) COTS products GS space missions USE commercial off-the-shelf products clinostat rotation flyby missions USE cNinorotation • Comet Nucleus Tour critical current R-r comet nuclei (added December 1999) Encke comet DEF A current value in a superconductive clinostating Schwassm an n--Wach r]qann comet material, at a particular constant temperature and USE cNinorotation swingby technique in the absence of a magnetic field, below which

3 cuprates

the material is superconducting and above which deformable mirrors manned spacecraft the material behaves normally (added May 1998) manned orbital laboratories GS electric current GS mirrors • Destiny Labora[ory Module • critical current • deformable mirrors modules RT critical temperature RT adaptive optics • space station modules current density light modulation • Destiny Laboratory Module superconductivity phase modulation RT International Space Station superconductors (materials) segmented mirrors spaceborne experiments

cuprates Delta 3 launch vehicle dielectric loss (added April 1999) (added October 1998) (added April 2000) GS copper compounds GS launch vehicles DEF The electric energy that is converted into • cuprates Delta launch vehicle heat in a dielectric material subjected to a RT BSCCO superconductors • Delta 3 launch vehicNe changing electric field. copper oxides GS electrical properties YBCO superconductors Delta 4 Naunch vehicle • dielectric properties (added October 1998) • dielectric loss losses cycloaddition GS launch vehicles • dielectric loss (added June 1998) Delta launch vehicle R-r dielectrics DEF Pericyclic chemical reaction in which • Delta 4 Naunch vehicNe unsaturated molecules combine to form a cyclic energy dissipation compound under the influence of heat or light dendrimers permittivity GS chemical reactions (added October 2000) dielectric waveguides cycloaddition DEF A class of polymeric macronqolecules Dieis-Alder reactions characterized by a regular highly-branched (added February 1998) GS waveguides RT cyclic compounds molecular arcl'fitecture resembling a spherical photochemical reactions starburst, and a synthesis process that permits dielectric waveguides R]- dielectrics polymerization nearly complete control over critical molecular microwave transmission synthesis (chemistry) design parameters, such as size, shape, surface/interior chemistry, flexibility, and topology• optical waveguides waveguide antennas Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle Because of these characteristics, dendrimers are waveguide filters USE pilotless aircraft seen as important elements in the manufacture of reconnaissance aircraft nanoscale materials and devices• differential games UF dendritic polymers (added October 19,98) hyperb[anched polymers GS molecules GS games D • macromolecules differential games • dendrimers R]- minimax technique optimal control R-]- conducting polymers pursuit-evasion games data mining dendritic crystals stochastic processes (added April 2000) nanostructure (characteristics) zero sum games DEF -rhe extraction of patterns from large organometallic polymers co polymers data sets in order to discover previously unknown digital cameras synthetic metals and potentially useful information• ('added July 1998) UF knowledge discovery GS optical equipment knowle_?e extraction dendritic polymers cameras USE dendrimers GS data processing • digital cameras data mining photographic equipment information analysis design optimization • cameras • data mining (added February 2001) • digital cameras RT cluster analysis GS optimization RT CCD cameras data retrieval • design optimization digital systems machine learning • . shape optimization digital techniques trend analysis RT aircraft design photograrnrnetry computer aided design television cameras Deep Space 1 Mission co design video equipment (added October 1998) design analysis DEF First of several technology demon- genetic algorithms document indexing stration missions supporting the NASA New sensitivity analysis USE indexing (information science) Millennium Program Advanced technologies structural analysis include an ion propulsion system, solar structural design DS1 (space mission) concentrator arrays, autonorr]ous navigation and structural design criteria USE Deep Space 1 Mission control systems, an integrated camera and systems engineering imaging spectrometer, and several telecom- dubnium munications and microelectronics devices• The Destiny Laboratory Module (added May 1998) mission plan includes a flyby of Asteroid 1992 KD. (added February 2001) GS chemical elements UF DSI (space mission) DEF Component of the International Space • dubnium GS space missions Station providing equipment and support systems RT rutherfordium • Deep Space 1 Mission for research and technology development. Also seaborgium RT asteroid missions provides support and control for the US segment autonornous navigation of the Space Station. dusty plasmas flyby missions UF US Laboratory Module (ISS) (added May 2001) interplarletary spacecraft GS laboratories DEF Ionized gases containing small particles ion propulsion space laboratories of solid matter, which are charged and interact NASA space programs • nqanned orbital laboratories through a Coulomb repulsion. ]-hey behave much solar electric propulsion • . Destiny Laboratory Module like a colloidal suspension, exhibiting for example

4 Ethernet

crystaIHne, liquid, and gas phases, and a electronic structure enantiomorphs melting/freezing phase transition (added April 1999) GS isomers GS particles SN (THE TERM "ATOMIC STRUCTURE" WAS enantiomers • charged particles USED FOR THIS CONCEPT PRIOR TO RT chirality MAY 1999) • . energetic particles crystal structure RT atomic structure • . plasmas (physics) isomorphism band structure of solids .... dusty plasmas molecular structure electron energy • corpuscular radiation stereochemistry electron orbitals • . energetic particles symmetry electron states • . plasmas (physics) energy bands .... dusty plasmas energy gaps (solid state) R-f- dust enantiomorphs energy levels USE enantiomers planetary rings Fermi liquids plasma clouds plasma composition electrosynthesis environmental cleanup plasma--particle interactions USE electrochemical synthesis ('added February 1999) space plasmas GS cleaning strongly coupled plasmas elves • environmental cleanup RT decontamination (added January 2000) DEF Transient air glow events observed near environment management environment protection 90 km, nearly simultaneously with a strong E hazardous wastes cloud-to-ground lightning stroke. They often oil pollution precede sprites, which may occur at lower oil slicks altitudes a few milliseconds later• It is believed that EAM (physical chemistry) pollution control elves are the result of wave heating by very low USE embedded atom method reclamation frequency (VLF) radio pulses emitted by the soil pollution lightning discharge current. waste disposal EAP (polymers) GS atmospheric radiation waste treatment USE elec[roactive polymers sky radiation • elves water pollution water treatment e-eommerce electromagnetic radia[iorl USE elec[ronic commerce light (visible radiation)

• sky radiation Envieat-1 satellite . . elves ekranoplanes (added August 2000) RT atmospheric electricity USE wing---in---ground effect vehicles DEF Polar--orbiting Earth observation satellite atmospheric ionization designed to provide continuous global measure- cloud-to-ground discharges electroacUve polymers ments including high-and medium-resolution lightning (added June 2000) radar and optical images from its Advanced sprites (atmospheric physics) UF EAP (polymers) Synthetic Aperture Radar • (ASAR) and Medium .... thunderstorms RT actuators Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) conducting polymers Acquired data will support Earth science research e--mail electromechanJcal devices and allow monitoring of environmental and climatic USE electronic mail electrorheological fluids changes. electrostriction GS artificial satellites embedded atom method • ESA satellites microelectrornechanical systems (added February 1998) .. Envisat-1 satellite co polymers DEF A semiempJrical calculation method robot arms ESA spacecraft developed by Daw and Baskes for determining the • ESA satellites energetics of atoms in a bulk environment. The • Envisat-1 satellite electrochemical synthesis original form of the method was based on density RT ERS-2 (esa satellite) (added January 2000) functional theory and was intended primarily for imaging spectrometers DEF A chemical synthesis reaction that is tight--packed transition metals. More recent remote sensing induced by an electric current. modifications have extended the applicability of satellite observation U F electrosynthesis •[he method to a large number of elements in tile satellite--borne radar GS synthesis (chemistry) periodic table synthetic aperture radar electrochemical synthesis UF EAM (physical chemistry) RT electrochemistry MEAM (physical chemistry) elec[rolysis modified embedded atom method EOS AM-1 spacecraft polymerization RT alloys USE Terra spacecraft crystal defects electromagnetic rocket engines grain boundaries Ethernet USE plasma engines interatomic forces (added January 2000) metals DEF Computer network protocol originally electronic commerce ¢_o methodology developed Jn [he 1970s for local area network (added April 2000) molecular dynamics technology; uses carrier sense multiple access DEF The buying and selling of goods and potential energy with collision detectiorl (CSMA/CD), coaxial cable, services via the Internet or other computer and broadcast transmission• communications network. enantiomeric compounds GS protocol (computers) U F e--commerce USE enantiomers • Ethernet GS commerce RT carrier sense multiple access electronic commerce enantiomere computer networks RT computer information security (added August 1998) local area networks elec[rorfic rnaH DEF Isomeric pairs whose crystaIHne forms or Internet resources molecular structures are non-superJmposable websites mirror images. EMer---Bernoulli beam theory World Wide Web U F enantiomeric compounds USE Euler-Bernoulli beams

5 Euler-Bernoulli beams

Euler---BemouVi beams extra[errestrial oceans • gates (circuits) (added April 1998) (added June 2001) • . field-programmable gate arrays U F Euler--Bemoulli beam theory SN (EXCLUDES MAGMA OCEANS) • irTIegrated circuits GS structural members DEF Extensive bodies of water on planets • field-programmable gate arrays • beams (supports) and moons. programmable logic devices • Euler-Bernoulli beams U F planetary oceans • field-programmable gate arrays RT axial strain satellite oceans bending GS oceans finite difference time domain method bending vibration extraterrestrial oceans (added April 1999) dynamic structural analysis R-l- Oallisto U F FDTO (mathematics) elastic properties Europa GS analysis (mathematics) mathematical models planetary surfaces • numerical analysis partial differential equations satellite surfaces .. approximation structural analysis • . . finite difference theory q]moshenko beams .... finite difference time domain F me[hod evanescent waves • time domain analysis (added March 1998) • . finite difference rime domain method GS surface waves FL) ID (mathematics) • evanescent waves USE finite difference time domain method RT computational electromagnetics RT acoustic impedance electromagnetic scattering evanescence ferroelastic materials flow noise fiber" optics (added June 1,998) (added March 2000) internal waves GS ferroelastic materials DEF Noise produced by the flew of fluids plane waves • shape memory alloys around or through a body; the pr'essure variations propagation modes • . nkinol alloys associated with a turbulent flow field. reflected waves RT ceramics GS elastic waves wave propagation ferroeiasticky • sound waves Cx) waves ferroelectric materials co materials • noise (sound) • . flow noise exergic energy smart materials .... aerodynamic noise USE exergy ..... blade slap noise lerroelasticity ..... propeller noise exergy (added June 1998) ..... screech tones (added December 2000) GS mechanical properties RT aeroacoustics DEF -rhe rlqaximum amount of elastic properties ducted flow external-energy that could be drawn from a • ferroelasticity nozzle flow system or form of energy m relation to a certain R-l- crystal structure pipe flow reference environment Exergy is not considered domain wall underwater acoustics to be a form of energy but a designation of the ferreelastic materials quality of energy• ferroelectricity flying wing configurations U F exergic energy phase transformations USE blended-wing-body configurations RTco energy shape memory alloys energy budgets smart materials free-space optical communication energy conservation (added June 1998) energy conversion efficiency fiber pushout GS telecommunication energy dissipation (added September 1999) • communication entropy GS releasing • optical communication power efficiency • fiber pushout • free-space optical thermodynamic efficiency RT ceramic matrix composites communication thermodynamic properties composite materials RT high power laser's thermodynamics debonding (materials) laser beams waste energy utilization destructwe tests satellite communication failure modes space communication exoplanets fiber composites USE extrasolar planets fiber pullout free--space op[ical interconnects fiber-matrix interfaces (added June 1998) exosolar planets fibers UF FSOI (integrated optics) USE extrasolar planets interracial energy GS optical interconnects co materials tests free--space optical in[erconnects metal matrix composites Explorer 71 satellite RT integrated optics reirffercing fibers USE Advanced Composition Explorer interprocessor communication optical computers fiend tests Explorer 73 satellite optical switching (added November 1998) USE Transition Region and Coronal optoelectronic devices SN (EXCLUDES -[ESTS OF ELECTRIC, Explorer photonJcs MAGNETIC, OR ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS) Explorer 74 satellite DEF -[ksts carried out irl the actual settmg in frequency domain analysis USE Submillimeter Wave Astronomy which the subject device is intended to operate (added April 1999) Satellite R-l- environmental tests GS analysis (mathematics) performance tests frequency domain analysis Explorer 77 satellite co tests RT control systems design USE Far UV Spectroscopic Explorer dynamic response field-programmable gate arrays frequency response Explorer 78 satellite (added April 2000) parameter identification USE IMAGE satellite GS circuits signal processing Hall thrusters

FSOI (integrated optics) Analysis of the samples collected by the mission rrflni max tech nique USE free--space optical interconnects will contribute to an understanding of the origins optimization of the solar system. fullerides GS space missions group [echnology (manufacturing) (added February 1998) • Genesis mission (added April 2000) GS carbon compounds RT solar system evolution DEF A manufacturing methodology where • fullerides solar wind production processes are organized into groups or RToo alkali metal compounds cells based on similarities in the manufacturing co chemical compounds glucocorticoids requirements of product parts or production doped crystals (added December 1999) equipment capabilities. fullerenes DEF Adrenocortical steroid hormones that are UF cellular manufacturing superconductors (materials) involved in the metabolism of fats, proteins, and GS manufacturing carbohydrates, and have anti---inflanqnqatory • group technology (manufacturing) FUSE (satelhte) properties production engineering USE Far UV Spectroscopic Explorer GS organic compounds group technology (manufae[uring) • lipids RT computer aided manufacturing fuselage-wing steres .. steroids industrial management USE wing-fuselage stores • . corticosteroids operations research .... glucocortieoids process control (industry) fusion propulsion secretions production management (added September 1999) • endocrine secretions GS propulsion • hormones • nuclear propulsion • . corticosteroids H • fusion propulsion .... glucocortieoids R-f- inertial confinement fusion RT adrenal gland nuclear" electric propulsion atrophy H.---2eon[rol nuclear fusion carbohydrate metabolism (added Februazy 1998) nuclear rocket engines hormone rr]etabolisms GS automatic control plasrna propulsion hypokinesia • optimal control spacecraft propulsion lipid rr]etabolism • H---2 control muscles optimization protein metabolism • optimal control G • H-2 control Godunov method RT control systems design (added February 1998) control theory Gabor filters DEF Non--oscillatory finite-volume scheme controllers (added F-ebruary 1998) that incorporates the exact or approximate solution feedback control GS image filters to the Riemann initial-value problem, or a H-infinity control Gabor filters generalization of it. linear quadratic Gaussian control RT computer vision GS analysis (mathematics) o4_filters • numerical analysis Hale-IBopp comet Gabor transformation • . finite volume method (added July 1998) image analysis • . Godunov method DEF Long-period comet discovered July 23, image processing procedures 1995; designated C/1995 O1 low pass filters • finite volume method GS celestial bodies neural nets • Godunov me[hod • comets spatial filtering RT approximation • . Hale-Bopp comet textures Cauchy problem RT Oort cloud Cauchy-Riemann equations Gabor transformation computational fluid dynamics Hall resistance (added February 1998) Euler equations of motion (added ,July 2000) GS transformations (mathematics) finite difference theory DEF For a current-carrying conductor within Gabor transformation shock wave interaction a magnetic field, the ratio of the transverse voltage RT Fourier transformation supersonic flow induced by the Hall effect, to the conductor Gabor filters current• holography GOES 10 GS electrical properties image processing (added March 2000) • electrical impedance signal analysis GS artificial satellites • electrical resistance wavelet analysis meteorological satellites • . Hall resistance • GOES satellites impedance games • GOES 10 • electrical impedance (added October 1998) synchronous satellites • electrical resistance GS games • GOES satellites • . Hall resistance differential games • . GOES 10 RI- electrical resistivity pursuit--evasion games Hall effect • war games greedy algorithms magnetoresistwity • zero sum games (added March 2000) quanturrl Hall effect RT control theory DEF Any algorithm characterized by a co resistance game theory procedure that selects the most extreme element transport properties optimization from a set to satisfy a given goal. A recursive procedure for constructing a set of objects from Hall thrusters Genesis mission the smallest possible elements (added June 2000) (added February 19,99) GS mathematical logic DEF Gridless ion engines that produce thrust DEF A space mission to collect solar wind • algorithms by electrostatically accelerating plasma ions out of samples from a halo orbit about the sun-Earth L_l • greedy algorithms an annular discharge chamber• point for two years, returning those samples to R-]- graph theory GS erlgines Earth in 2003 for analysis and examination. heuristic methods • rocket engines

7 haion

• . electric rocket engines • superconductors (materials) h#ldfimb unloading • . electrostatic engines • heavy fermion superconductors USE hindiimb suspension .... ion engines intermetallics ..... Hail thrusters • heavy fermion systems Holocene epoch RT electric propulsion • heavy fermion superconductors (added May 2001) Hall accelerators DEF Most recent geologic epoch of the plasma engines Quaternary period extending from about 10,000 spacecraft propulsion heavy fermion systems years ago to, and including, the present (added April 1999) GS Cenozoic Era halon GS Jntermetallics • Quaternary period (added January 2000) heavy fermion systems • Holocene epoch DEF A bromofluorocarbon cornpound that • heavy fermion superconductors R-r geochronology was widely used as an agent for fire suppression RT fermions Pleistocene epoch arid explosion protection. After being recognized superconductors (materials) as an ozone_depleting substance, the U.S. HUT (physiology) production and import of halons was banned in USE head up tilt 1994 heavy metals (added July 1999) GS carbon compounds hybnd--.7-reftfz finite element method DEF Metals or alloys having a high specific • halocarbons USE finite element method gravity; usually ones with a density greater than 5 .. halon Trefftz method grams per cubic centimeter. halogen compounds GS metals bromine compounds hydrophobicity • hslon • heavy me[sis RT cadmium (added June 2000) • halocarbons DEF The degree to which a substance is .. halon chromium contaminants insoluble in water, or resists wetting or hydration RT fire extinguishers GS hygral properties flame retardants copper industrial wastes hydrophobicity fluorocarbons RT adsorption lead (metal) chemical properties mercury (metal) hardware-in-the-loop simulation hydration soil pollution (added February 19.99) toxic hazards hygroscopJcity UF hardware-in-the-loop tests moisture resistance zinc GS simulation co properties hardwsre-4 n---the-qoop simulation solubility RT computerized simulation hindcasting sorption control simulation (added ,July 1999) surface properties performance tests DEF The process of reconstructing the time s urfactants systems simulation and space evolution of an atmospheric or oceanic waterproofing phenomenon that has occurred in the past, wettability hardware--in--the--loop tests through an analysis of historical data, a wetting USE hardware-in-the-loop simulation mathematical-model simulation of the processes involved, or a combination of data analysis arid hyperbranched polymets hassium modeling USE dendrimers (added May 1,998) GS predictions GS chemical elements • hindcasting hypergravity hassium RT forecasting USE high gravity environments R-F bohrium meteorological parameters meitnerium nowcasting hypogravity oceanographic parameters USE microgravity head up tilt weather forecasting (added March 1998) hypothetical particles DEF Body posture while lying on a tilt table (added November 1999) with the head higher than the rest of the body• hindlimb suspension GS particles UF HUT (physiology) (added June 2001) elementary particles GS posture DEF -[_chnique for limiting use, activity, or • hypo[heticaN particles head up tilt movement by immobilizing or restraining animal by • gluons RT aerospace medicine suspending from hindlimbs or tails. -f-his • gravitinos bed rest immobilization is used to simulate some effects of • . gravitons bioastronautics reduced gravity and study weightlessness .. partons cardiovascular system physiology. • quarks gravitational physiology UF hindlimb unloading • tachyons head down tilt GS immobilization • . weakly interacting massive hemodynamic responses hindlimb suspension particles hindlJrnb suspension susperlding (hanging) lower body negative pressure • hindlimb suspension hypothetical planets orthostatic tolerance RT aerospace medicine (added ,June 1998) physiological responses atrophy UF Phaethon (hypothetical planet) supine position bioastronautics planet X weightlessness simulation bone demineralization rogue planets gravitational physiology transplutonic planets health and usage monitoring systems head down tilt GS celestial bodies USE systems health monitoring head up tilt • planets hypodynamJa • hypothetical plane[s heavy termion superconductors hypokinesia RT comets (added April 1999) limbs (anatomy) extrasolar planets GS conductors weightlessness simulation planetary orbits

8 iridium network

I indexing (information science) solar arrays to be temporarily installed on the (added April 2000) Unity module for early power. DEF The representatJorl of document content UF Zl truss structure in a systematic, organized form to support GS space station structures lOP--MS (spectrometry) information location, retrieval, or analysis• • Integrated Truss Structure Z1 USE inductively coupled plasma mass UF automatic indexing RT international Space Station spectrometry document indexing trusses machine aided indexing Unity connecting module GS information analysis iMAGE satelJite • indexing (information science) intelligent materials (added November 2000) RT indexes (documentation) USE smart materials DEF A medium class Explorer (MIDEX) information managernent mission to study the global response of the Earth's information retrieval interannual variations magnetosphere to changes in the solar" wind. terminology USE annual variations IMAGE (Irnager for Magnetopause--to--Aurora terms Global Exploration) will use neutral atom, thesauri intercalibration ultraviolet, and radio imaging techniques to: (a) ('added January 1999) identify the dominant mechanisms for injecting DEF Calibration between two or more data inductively coupled plasma mass plasma into the magnetosphere on substorm and sources, including (1) the comparison of data sets spectrometry magnetic storm time scales; (b) determine the acquired by different types of measurement (added March 2001) directly driven response of [he magnetosphere to systems for the purpose of deducing the DEF MultJ.--eler]qent analytical technique that solar wind changes; and, (c) discover how and calibration values for one of the measurement uses high temperature plasma, commonly argon, where magnetospheric plasmas are energized, systems; (2) the mutual calibration of data from to dissociate molecules and ionize atoms, which transported, and subsequently lost during different measurement systems through the are passed into a vacuum, and sorted based on substorms and magnetic storms. comparison of [he data with model calculations; their atomic rnass--to--charge ratios. UF Explorer 78 satellite and (3) the calibration of multiple detectors on a UF ICP-MS (spectrometry) Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora single instrument through the comparison of data Global Explorer LA---tCP-MS (spectrometry) from each detector. GS spectroscopy GS artificial satellites GS calibrating mass spectroscopy scientific satellites • intercalibration • inductively coupJed pJasma mass • . Explorer satellites RT comparison • . iMAGE satellite spectrometry correction RT clqemical analysis RT auroral zones multisensor applications microanalysis Earth magnetosphere standardization magnetic storms qualitative analysis spectroscopic analysis mag netopause intracJoud discharges w[cuum spectroscopy plasmasphere (added August 1999) space plasmas GS electric current inflight ah77ulatien electric discharges USE in-flight simulation • lightning Imager for Magnetopauae-to-Aurora Global • . intracloud discharges Explorer USE iMAGE satellite in---flight simulation (added October 1998) intraseasonal oscillatiens DEF The use of a specialized test aJrcraff to USE intraseasonaJ variations in vitro methods and tests simulate the flight characteristics of another (added May 1,999) vehicle The test aircraft is typically capable of intraseasonal variations DEF Tests of, or methods related to, biological duplicating the computed responses of the (added September 2000) or biochemical processes occurring in an artificial simulated vehicle through special aerodynamic UF intraseaaonal oscillations environrnent or outside of a living cell or organism. and control system features GS variations RT bioassay LJF inflight simulation periodic variations biotechnology GS simulation • intraseasonal variations conditions flight simulation • Madden_Julian Oscillation culture techniques • in---flight simuJation RT annual variations cytology RT aircraft control atrnospherJc circulation fertilization flight cl'_aracterJstJcs atmospheric models histology flight control clJrnatology in vivo methods and tests flight simulators tropical meteorology co methodology flight tests co tests training simulators ion optics tissue engineering (added June 1998) RT beam waveguides information analysis beamforrning in vivo methods and tests (added April 2000) electron optics (added May 1999) GS information analysis ion beams DEF -rests of, or methods related to, biological • data mining ion engines or biochemical processes occurring within a living indexing (information science) ion propulsion scientific visualization cell or organism. mass spectrometers • . numerical flow visualization RT bioassay co optics biotechnology • trend analysis conditions RT information resources management iridium network information retrieval culture techniques (added December 1,998) cytology natural language processing DEF A 66---satellite wireless personal histology telecommunications network designed to provide in vitro methods and tests Integrated Truss Strue[ure Zl worldwide telephone, paging, facsimile and data intravenous procedures (added June 2000) services to handheld or mobile equipment co methodology DEF An early exterior framework for the UF tridium satellites co tests International Space Station to allow the first U.S GS networks

9 iron aluminides

• communication networks compressiorl loads leaders (rneteorology) • Iridium network cracking (fracturing) (added August 1999) satellite networks deformation GS electric current • . satellite constellations displacement • electric discharges • . Iridium network failure modes • lightning RT communication satellites fiber composites • leaders (meteorology) facsimile communication folding .... stepped leaders mobile communication systems heaving satellite communication twisting Lf--A thrusters telephony wrinkling USE magnetoplasmadynarnic thrusters wireless communication knowledge discovery LIBS (spectroscopy) Iridium satellites USE data mining USE laser-induced breakdown USE communication satellites spectroscopy Iridium network knowledge extraction USE data mining iron alurninides MGO (observatory) (added December 2000) (added December 2000) UF Laser tnterferomete; GS aluminum compounds L aluminides Gravitational-Wave Observatory • . iron alurninides GS antennas iron compounds LA-tCP-MS (spectrometry) gravitational wave antennas iron aluminides USE inductively coupled plasma mass • LIGO (observatory) observatories R-f- aluminum alloys spectrometry intermetallics • astronomical observatories iron alloys Langmuir monolayets • LIGO (observatory) USE rnonornoleculsr films RT astronomical interferometry ISS (space station) gravitational waves USE International Space Station Laser #yterferometer Gravitational-Waw, laser interfferometry Observatory USE LIGO (observatory} MSA (observatory) J ('added December 2000) Laser Interferometer Space Antenna UF Laser #yterferometer Space Antenna USE USA (observatory) GS antennas Java (programming language) gravitational wave antennas (added December 1998) laser spark spectroscopy • LISA (observatory) GS languages USE laser-induced breakdown artificial satellites • programming languages spectroscopy scientific satellites high level languages • astronomical satellites • . Java (programming language) laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy • LISA (observatory) RT C++ (programming language) (added June 2001) observatories client server systems DEF A non-intrusive, spectroscopic tech- • astronomical observatories internets nique wherein a laser pulse is focused on the • astronomical satellites object-oriented programming target sample to form a laser spark or plasma• The • LISA (observatory) World Wide Web emitted light from the spark is then used to identify RT astronomical interferometry elemental constituents and quantify abundances gravitational waves Josephson effect of measured species• laser interferometry (added April 1999) UF laser spark spectroscopy spaceborne astronomy UF Josephson tunneling LASS (spectroscopy) RT electron tunneling LIBS (spectroscopy) lithium batteries Josephson junctions GS spectroscopy (added December 1,999) SiS (superconductors) • laser---.induced breakdown GS electrocher'rlical cells superconducting devices spectroscopy superconductors (materials) • electric batteries R-l- absorption spectroscopy • lithium bat[cries emission spectra Josephson tunneling • . lithium sulfur batteries laser applications USE Josephson effect R]- storage batteries laser plasmas laser spectroscopy Long March launch vehicles plasma diagnostics (added ,January 1999) K Raman spectroscopy GS launch vehicles spectroscopic analysis kink bands • Long March launch vehicles R-r Chirlese space program (added March 19,98) LASS (spectroscopy) Chinese spacecraft RT buckling USE laser-induced breakdown heavy lift launch vehicles compression loads spectroscopy edge dislocations failure modes Laves phases Lorentz force accelerator thrusters fiber composites (added August 1998) USE magnetoplasmadynarnic thrusters microstructure GS solid phases plastic deformation • Laves phases Lunar Prospec[or reinforcing fibers RT alloys (added February 1998) single crystals crystal lattices GS artificial satellites crystal structure • lunar satellites kinking cubic lattices • Lunar Prospector (added April 1998) interstitials lunar spacecraft RT bending microstructure lunar satellites buckling phase transformations • Lunar Prospector

10 Mars Polar Lander

RT lunar cornposition magnetic fields to direct and accelerate plasma Modulated Infrared Radiometer and tile Mars lunar exploration flows, thereby providing thrust for propulsion. Color Imager. lunar programs R-]- coaxial plasma accelerators UF Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter lunar resources electric rocket engines GS interplanetary spacecraft lunar surface co nozzles , Mars probes nuclear propulsion , . Mars Climate Orbiter nuclear rocket engines unmanned spacecraft plasma acceleration , space probes M plasma engines , Mars probes plasma propulsion , . Mars Climate Orbi[er rocket nozzles RT Mars atmosphere machine aided indexing spacecraft propulsion Mars missions USE indexing (information science) VASIMR (propulsion system) Mars Polar L.ander Mars surface MACHOs (;_stronomy) magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters Mars Surveyor 98 Program USE massive compact halo objects (added April 200 I) DEF Electromagnetic rocket engines that Mars Global Surveyor Madden--Julian Oscillation produce thrust via the Lorentz body force ejecting (added March 1999) (added September 2000) a high velocity plasma stream The thrusters can DEF Spacecraft and related mission designed DEF The most dominant and coherent be operated in either steady--state or pulsed to orbit Mars over a two year period and collect component of the intraseasonal variability in the mode, and typically have an axisymmetric data on the surface morphology, topography, tropical atmosphere; characterized by a strong geometry (annular anode surrounding a central composition, gravity, atmospheric dynamics, and eastward propagation of atmospheric features, cathode). magnetic field. Launched November 1996. with a typical period of 30-69 days. The UF LFA thrusters UF MGS (spacecraft) Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) may influence Lorentz force accelerator thrusters GS interplanetary spacecraft the tropical climate and its short-term variability by MPD thrusters , Mars probes modulating tile timing and strength of El Nine --- GS engines , . Mars Global Surveyor urlmanned spacecraft Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, contributing , rocket engines to the mean heat budget of the western Pacific, , electric rocket engines , space probes and regulating the annual cycle of the tropical , . plasma engines , Mars probes western Pacific, especially the Australian summer .... magnetoplaamadynamie , . Mars Global Surveyor monsoon. thrusters R]- Mars atmosphere Mars missions UF MJO (meteorology) RT arc jet engines GS oscillations electromagnetic propulsion Mars Observer Madden_Julian Oscillation magnetoplasrnadynamics Mars surface variations plasma accelerators Mars Handing sites , periodic variations plasma propulsion (added February 2001) , . intraseasonal variations spacecraft propulsion DEF Areas on the Martian surface selected , . Madden_lulian Oscillation co thrusters for spacecraft landing, or areas where spacecraft R-f- air water interactions have actually landed. annual variations msgnetorheoNogicaN fluids GS sites atmospheric circulation (;_dded .September 2000) , landing sites atmospheric models DEF Fluids comprised of magnetically soft , . Mars Nanding sites climatology particles dispersed in liquids and possessing RT Mars exploration el Nine theological properties that can be rapidly and Mars landing monsoons reversibly altered by the application of a magnetic Mars missions Southern Oscillation field Mars surface tropical meteorology RT electrorheological fluids site selection zonal flow (meteorology) ferrofluids ferromagnetic materials Mars missions co fluids magnetars ('added February 1999) magnetic materials (added January 2000) GS space missions DEF Highly magnetized neutron stars rheology , Mars missions smart materials believed to emit quasi-steady x-rays along with , . 2991 Mars Odyssey bursts of soft ganqma rays----- emissions powered vibration damping , . manned Mars missions by their magnetic energy According to the , Mars sample return missions magnetar theory, these stars form in some fraction magne[ostratigraphy , Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission of all supernovae. When they are young (with (added April 1999) RT Earth-Mars trajectories ages less than about 10,009 years) magnetars GS stratigraphy Mars Climate Orbiter may be observed as soft gamma repeaters , magnetostratigraphy Mars exploration (SGRs) or anomalous X-ray pulsars. RT geochronology Mars Global Surveyor GS celestial bodies paleomagnetism Mars landing , stars Mars landing sites , . magnetic stars markup languages Mars Observer .. magnetars USE document markup languages Mars Pathfinder , neutron stars Mars Polar Lander .. magnetars Mars Climate Orbiter Mars probes RT pulsars (;_dded Mamh 1999) Mars surface samples soft gamma repeaters DEF One of two spacecraft comprising the Mars Surveyor 98 Program supernova remnants Mars Surveyor 98 program; launched December co missions x ray sources 1998 After obtairfing a polar, nearly circular orbit return to Earth space flight around Mars, the Orbiter will serve as a radio relay magnetic nozzJes during the Lander surface mission, then begin Mars Polar Lander (added September 1,999) monitoring the atmosphere, surface, and polar (added March 1999) DEF Nozzle devices used in some nuclear caps for a complete Martian year. -f-he Orbiter DEF One of two spacecraft comprising the and plasma propulsion systems that utilize carries two science instruments: the Pressure Mars Surveyor 98 program; launched January

11 Mars Surveyor g8 Program

1999• After a soft landing near the Martian south Way The signature of these objects is the microsatellites pole, the Lander will search for near-surface ice occasional amplification of the light from (added October 1998) and possible surface records of cyclic cHrnate extragalactic stars by the gravitational lens effect• DEF Satellites with a total mass between 10 change, and characterize physical processes key U F MAOHOs (astronomy) and 100 kg often incorporating miniaturized to the seasonal cycles of water, carbon dioxide GS celestial bodies electronic and mechanical systems• and dust on Mars• Prior to landing; the Deep massive compact halo objects U F microsats Space 2 microprobes will be released as part of RT brown dwarf stars GS artificial satellites a technology-validation mission related to dark matter • microsatellites multiple-lander spacecraft• galactic halos RT microelectromechanical systems UF Mars Surveyor 98 Lander gravitational lenses mJcromJniaturJzation GS interplanetary spacecraft Milky Way Galaxy microminiaturized electronic devices Mars probes missing mass (astrophysics) nanosatellites • . Mars Polar Lander red dwarf stars satellite constellations unmanned spacecraft satellite design space probes small satellite technology MEAM (physical chemistry) • Mars probes small scientific satellites USE embedded atom method • . Mars Polar Lander

RT Mars atmosphere microsats Mars Climate Orbiter meitnerium USE microsstellites Mars missions (added May 1998) Mars surface GS chemical elements Mmdlin plate theory Mars Surveyor 98 Program • meitnerium RT hassium USE Mindlin plates Mars Surveyer 98 Lander USE Mars Polar Lander Mindlin plates membership functions (added April 1998) (added December 2000) Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter U F Mindlin plate theory DEF Characteristic functions of a fuzzy set, USE Mars Climate Orbiter Reissner--Mindlin plates which assign a wdue indicating the degree of GS structural members membership for each element in a universal set. Mars Surveyor 98 Program plates (structural members) GS functions (matherrlatics) (added March 1999) • Mindlin plates membership functions DEF Mars exploration program consisting of RT dynamic structural analysis RT control systems design two mission spacecraft-----the Mars Climate Orbiter finite element method fuzzy sets and the Mars Polar Lander• Two surface free vibration fuzzy systems penetrating microprobes (part of the associated plate theory machine learning Deep Space 2 mission) for detecting water ice are Reissner theory neural nets also piggybacking on the Lander. shear strain GS programs structural analysis NASA programs MEMS (electromechanical devices) structural vibration • NASA space programs USE microelectromechanical systems thick plates • Mars Surveyor 98 Program space programs mischmetsl • NASA space programs MGS (spacecraft) (added June 1998) • . Mars Surveyor 98 Program USE Mars Global Surveyor DEF An alloy consisting of a natural mixture RT Mars atmosphere of rare-earth metals; used Jn electrode materials Mars Clirnate Orbiter micelles and hydrogen--storage alloys, as a general alloy Mars missions (added June 2001) addition, and in the production of some aluminum Mars Polar Lander DEF Electrically charged colloidal particles or alloys and steels. Mars surface ions consisting of oriented molecules; aggregates GS alloys of a number of molecules held loosely together by • rare earth alloys Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission secondary bonds. • mischmetal (added July 1999) GS molecular clusters RT alloying DEF Mars exploration mission including an micelles aluminum alloys orbiter with a gamma ray spectrometer and a R-I- agglomeration cathodic coatings multispectral thermal imager, and a lander with an aggregates cerium extensive set of instrumentation, a robotic arm, block copolyrners desorption and the Marie Curie Rover•• (in March 2000, the co clusters electrode materials lander portion of the mission was cancelled; the colloids Jntermetallics orbiter mission was superceded by the 2001 Mars flocculating steels Odyssey mission) nanostructure (characteristics) GS space missions self assembly Mars missions MJO (meteorology) • Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission USE Madden_Julisn Oscillation RT 2001 Mars Odyssey microelectromechanical systems Mars environment (added October 1998) MMH (chemistry) Mars surface U F MEMS (electromechanical de vices) USE monomethylhydrazines Mars surface samples GS electromechanical devices NASA space programs • microelectromechanieal systems modified embedded atom method RT electroactJve polymers USE embedded a[om method Martian meteorites microinstrumentation USE SNC meteorites microminJaturizatJon microrninJaturized electronic devices monomethylhydrazines massive compact halo objects microsatellJtes (added February 2001) (added November 1999) nanosatellites U F MMH (chemistry) DEF Obiects, such as brown dwarfs, black nanotech nology GS hydrazines holes, and massive planets, l'lypothesJzed to piezoelectric actuators methylhydrazine account for the dark matter in the halo of the Milky piezoelectric motors • monomethylhydrazines

12 orbit determination

I:{T dlmethylhydrazlnes quantunq wires NGST project hydrazine engines self assembly USE Next Generation Space Telescope hypergolic rocket propellants project liquid rocket propellants nanotubes normalized difference vegetation index (added June 2000) MPD thrusters (added June 2001) DEF Nanostructures having a closed, tubular USE magnetoplasmadynsmic thrusters DEF A transformation of satellite-based morphology that can be single--walled or multi-walled The structures are believed to be measurements computed as [he ratio of mutsgenesis reflectance in the red and near-infrared portions defect free, leading to high strength despite their (added June 2000) of the spectrum. Reflectance in the red region low density; and can be either electrically DEF Induction or development of a genetic decreases with increasing chlorophyll content of conductive or semiconductive, depending on their mutation via a natural environmental rnutagen or the plant canopy, while reflectance Jn the infrared helicity. through the methods of genetic engineering. UF nanotubules increases with increasing wet plant biomass The RT deoxyribonucleic acid GS microstructure index value represents greenness, density, and gene expression vigor of vegetation nanostructure (characteristics) genes • nanotubes UF NDVt (remote sensing) mutagens RT fu[[erenes GS ratios mutations • indexes (ratios) graphite radiation effects • . vegetative index nanostructures (devices) • . normalized difference vegetation nanotech nology index co tubes N RT crop vigor image classification nanotubules remote sensing nacelle wing configurations USE nanotubes satellite imagery USE wing nacelle configurations vegetation

nanocomposites NDW (remote sensing) Nozomi Mars Orbiter (added December 2000) USE normalized difference vegetation GS composite materials index (added August 1998) DEF A Japanese Mars mission spacecraft nanocomposites RT aluminum oxides designed to study the Martian upper atmosphere necrosis and its interaction with the solar wind, and to ceramic matrix composites (added October 2000) develop technologies for use in future planetary grain size DEF One of the two mechanisms by which missions. Specifically, instruments on the nanocrystais cell death occurs (the other being the physiological spacecraft enable the measurement of the nanostructure (characteristics) particulate reinforced composites process of APOPTOSIS) A pathological process structure, composition and dynamics of the caused by the progressive degradative action of ionosphere; aeronomy effects of the solar wind; polymer matrix composites silicon carbides enzymes that is generally associated with severe the escape of atmospheric constituents; the silicon nitrides cellular trauma. It is characterized by intrinsic magnetic field; and dust Jn the upper mitochondrial swelling, nuclear flocculation, atmosphere and in--orbit around Mars nsnosatellites uncontrolled cell lysis, and ultimately cell death In UF Planet-B spacecraft general; cell or tissue death caused by disease or GS interplanetary spacecraft (added October 1998) DEF Satellites with a total mass smaller than injury Mars probes UF pathological cell death • Nozomi Mars Orbiter 10 kg incorporating rniniaturized electronic and GS pathological effects Japanese spacecraft mechanical systems• • necrosis • Nozomi Mars Orbiter UF nanosats GS artificial satellites RT apoptosJs unmanned spacecraft ceils (biology) • nanosateHites space probes RT microelectrornechanical systems cytology • Mars probes death • . Nozomi Mars Orbiter micromJn[aturizat[on rnicrorrflrfiaturized electronic devices diseases RT aeronomy hypoxia Deimos microsatel[[tes sate[rite constellations injuries Phobos myocardial irffarction satellite design planetary atmospheres pathology small satellite technology solar planetary interactions small scientific satellites tissues (biology) optical interconnects (added June 1998) nanosats Next Genera[ion Space Telescope project GS optical interconnects USE nanosateHites (added December 19,99) free---space optical interconnecLs DEF ProjecL in the NASA Origins program RT connectors nsnotechnology with the goal of developing a spaceborne electric connectors (added June 2000) obserw[tory to succeed the Hubble Space DEF The creation of functional materials, Telescope after 2005. The telescope is foreseen integrated optics optical computers device& and systems through control of matter on to have an aperture of 8 meters and be optimized the nanometer-length scale; exploitation of novel for near infrared wavelengths (0.6-10+ microns) in optical switching optoeiectronic devices phenomena and properties at the nanometer order to enable the exp[on_tion of the most remote scale high redshift universe photonics GS technologies UF NGST project • nano[echnology GS programs 0 RT microelectromechanical systems projects rnicroelectronics • Next Generation Space Telescope nanostructure (characteristics) project orbit determination nanostructures (devices) RT astronorrflcal observatories (added December 1998) nanotubes infrared telescopes GS orbit determination quantum dots NASA space prograrns • airborne range and orbit quantum electronics spaceborne telescopes determination

13 osteoblasts

• orbit calculation interplanetary envirorlrnent and solar obserw_tions piezomotora minimum variance orbit GS interplanetary spacecraft USE piezoelectric motors determination Mars probes • . orbital position estimation • Phobos spacecraft pilot opinion ratings RT Global Positioning System Soviet spacecraft USE pilot ratings position errors Phobos spacecraft satellite tracking unmanned spacecraft pilot ratings space navigation • space probes (added August 1999) spacecraft control .. Mars probes DEF Subjective assessment of the handling spacecraft position indicators • . Phobos spaeecralt and stability characteristics of an aircraft or other RT Mars atmosphere flight vehicle• osteoblasts Mars environment UF pilot opinion ratings Phobos (added June 2001) GS flight characteristics DEF Bone-forming ceils that secrete an • pilot ratings photoresists extracellular matrix• Hydroxyapatite crystals are • Cooper-Harper ratings (added June 2000) then deposited into the matrix to form bone ratings DEF Photosensitive substances that are GS ceils (biology) • pilot ratings • osLeoblasLs either" rendered soluble or insoluble to chemical • Cooper-Harper ratings RT bone demhqeralization etchants when exposed to light, arid are used in R-F aircrafI perforrnance bone mineral content transferring circuit patterns in the production of assessments bones integrated circuits. controllability cytogenesis RT etching helicopter performance fibroblasts integrated circuits osteoporosis microelectronics PIT (rocket engines) photolithography USE pulsed inductive thrusters photomasks P photopolymers photosensitivity planet X USE hypothetical planets pathological cell death photothermal deflection spectroscopy USE necrosis (added November 1998) planetary oceans UF PDS (spectroscopy) USE extraterrestrial oceans PDE (engines) GS spectroscopy USE pulse detonation engines photothermal deflection Planet-B spacecraft spectroscopy USE Nozomi Mars Orbiter PDRE (engines) RT optical measurement USE pulse detonation engines photoacoustic spectroscopy Pleistocene epoch thermal diffusivity (added May 2001) PDS (spectroscopy) thermal lensing USE photoLhermal deHection DEF Geologic epoch of the Quaternary per'led extending from about two million years ago to spectroscopy piezoactuators about 10,000 years ago and covering the last ice USE piezoelectric actuators age PDWE (engines) GS Cenozoic Era USE pulse detonation engines piezoelectric actuators Quaternary period (added Januaty 2001) • Pleistocene epoch perfectly matched layers DEF Any actuator that uses the piezoelectric RT geochronology (added July 1998) effect as a basis for its function. Holocene epoch DEF In the area of computational UF piezoactuators electrornagnetisrn, an absorbing boundary GS actuators PML (elec#omagnetism) condition used for terminating infinite domain • piezoelectric ac[uators calculations in the finite-difference time-domain electromechanical devices USE perfectly matched layers (FDTD) or finite element methods• The approach piezoelectric actuators has also been extended to the analysis of some RT active control Polar Plasma Laboratory problems in acoustics• microelee[rornechanical systems USE Polar/GGS spaeecralt LJF PML (electromagnetism) piezoelectric motors GS conditions piezoelectric transducers Polar/GGS spacecraft • boundary conditions smart materials (added January 2001) • . perfectly matched layers smart structures DEF One of two NASA spacecraft in the RT computational electromagnetics ultrasonic wave transducers Global Geospace Science (GGS) initiative and computational grids vibration damping part of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics electromagnetic absorption (ISTP) program Polar (Polar Plasma Laboratory) electrornagnetic scatIering piezoelectric motors measures solar wind entry, ionospheric output, finite difference theory (added January 2001) and the depositions of energy into the neutral finite element method DEF Any motor that uses the piezoelectric atmosphere at high latitudes. Imaging instruments Maxwell equation effect to produce its mechanical output. make possible the nqeasurernent of visible, UF piezomotors ultraviolet, and X-ray spectra of the polar caps. Phaethon (hypothetical planet) GS electromechanical devices The spacecraft was launched in February 1996 USE hypothetical planets • electric motors UF Polar Plasma Laboratory • piezoelectric motors GS artificial satellites Phobos spaeecra[t r'rlotors • geophysical satellites (added August 1998) electric motors • Polar/GGS spacecraft DEF TWO Soviet spacecraft (Phobos 1 and 2, • piezoelectric motors scientific satellites both launched in July 1988) designed to study the RT microelectromechanical systems • PolartGGS spacecraft plasma environment in the Martian vicinity, the micrometers R-r auroras surface and atmosphere of Mars, and the surface piezoelectric actuators Earth ionosphere composition of tile Martian satellite Phobos. Other piezoelectric transducers Earth magnetosphere mission objectives included the study of the ultrasonic wave transducers geomagnetism

14 quantum computers

plasma waves missile control pulsed plasma thrusters polar cusps proportional control (added April 2001) solar terrestrial irtteractions rendezvous guidance DEF Electromagnetic propulsion devices irl solar wind terminal guidance which electrical power is used to ablate, ionize, space plasmas and electromagnetJcally accelerate atoms and space weather proton---antiproton interactions molecules from a block of solid propellant material. Wind/GGS spacecraft (added June 1999) UF PPT (rocket engines) GS particle interactions GS engines Populs[ion Ill stars elementary particle interactions • rocket engines (added July 1999) • proton---an[iproton interac[ions • electric rocket engines UF pdmordial stars RT annihilation reactions • . . plasma engines GS celestial bodies anti protons .... pulsed plasma thrusters stars high energy interactions RT electromagnetic propulsion • . Population III stars matter-antimatter propulsion plasma propulsion RT cosmology spacecraft propulsion dark matter protoplanetary disks o_a thrusto rs relic radiation (added March 2001) stellar evolution DEF Circumstellar disks from which planetary pursuit-evasion games supermassive star's systems are created during star formation. (added October 1998) RT accretion disks GS games PPT (rocket engines) planetary evolution • pursuit---evasion games USE pulsed plasma thrusters planets RT differential games protoplanets evasive actions pressoreceptor reflexes solar system evolution interception USE baroreflexes stellar envelopes optimal control stellar evolution pursuit tracking pressoreceptors trajectory optimization USE baroreeeptors p[otosolar nebula zero sum games USE solar nebula pressure sensitive paints (adcled March 2001) PSP (paints) DEF Luminescertt paints used for the Q USE pressure sensitive paints non-intrusive optical measurement of static and transient pressure fields These paints are typically QBO (climatology) pulse detonation engines organic luminophores or dyes dispersed in an USE quasi---biennial oscillation oxygen permeable polymeric binder. The (added March 2001) DEF Rocket engines that operate by injecting luminescence is induced by the excitation of the QHE (electronics) •fuel and oxidizer into long chambers and igniting dye with an appropriate wavelength light. -]-he USE quantum Hall effect emitted intensity or brightness of the paint is the mixture with a spark plug or similar device Quasi-steady thrust levels can be achieved by inversely proportional to the partial pressure of quantum communication repeating this cycle at relatively high frequency oxygen because the luminescence is quenched by ('added March 2000) and/or using more than one combustion chamber oxygen• DEF Any form of communication that depends operating out of phase. UF PSP (paints) on coherent quantum-mechanical effects (quan- UF PDE (engines) GS coatings tum interference or quantum entanglement) to PDRE (engines) • paints transmit, protect or authenticate infermarion, or to PDWE (engines) • . pressure sensitive paints perform distributed computational tasks R]- flow measuremertt pulse detonation wave engines GS telecommurlicatJon flow visualization GS engines • communication • rocket engines nonintrusive rr]easurement • . quart[urn communication • liquid propellant rocket engines optical measurement RT communication theory • . pulse detona[ion engines pressure measurement optical communicatJorl RT air breathing engines quantum computation detonation preventive maintenance (added ,June 2000) quantum computa[ion GS maintenance pulse detonation wave engines (added March 2000) • preventive maintenance USE pulse detonation engines DEF Any form of information processing that prevention depends on coherent quantum-mechanical effects preventive maintenance pulsed arc/st engines (quantum irtterference or quantum entanglement) R-f- aircraft maintenance USE pulsed jet engines to perform computational tasks• failure analysis UF quantum computing inspection pulsed inductive [hrusters GS computation nondestructive tests (added April 200 I) • quantum computation reliability analysis DEF Electromagnetic propulsion devices that RT quantum communication accelerate a plasma propellant by the JxB Lorentz quantum computers primordial stars force, and in which the driving current Jn the quantum cryptography USE Population Ill stars plasma is induced, rather than being introduced quantum mechanics through electrodes -]-urJng machines programmed ceil death UF PIT (rocket engines) USE apoptosis GS engines quantum computers • rocket engines (added Match 2000) proportional navigation • electric rocket engines DEF Devices capable of performing quantum (added July 1998) • . plasma engines computations. -]-here are many proposals for the GS navigation .... pulsed inductive thrusters physical basis of quantum computers The 0 and • propor[ional naviga[ion R-r electromagnetic propulsion 1 of a quantum bit (i.e., qubJt) could be the ground RT homing plasma propulsion and excited states of an atom in a linear ion trap; interception spacecraft propulsion the polarizations of photons interacting in an line of sight cxo thrusters optical cavity; or the excess of one nuclear spin

15 quantumcryptography

state over another in a liquid sample in an NMR • . Pleistocene epoch sirlgle---stage.--¢o---orbit configuration. In the first machine• RT geochronology mode, the engine functions as a rocket-driven GS data processing equipment Tertiary Period ejector: When the rocket engine is switched off, • computers subsonic combustion (mode 2) is present in the • . quantum computers ramjet mode. As the vehicle continues to RT quantum computation R accelerate; supersonic combustion (mode 3) occurs in the ramjet mode. Finally, as the edge of quantum computing random positioning machines the atmosphere is approached and the engine USE quantum computation USE clinostats inlet is closed off, the rocket is reignited and the final accent to orbit is underlaken in an all--rocket Rayleigh fading mode (mode 4). quantum cryptography (added June 2000) UF RBOC engines (adcled March 2000) DEF Rapid-fluctuation, small-scale fading GS engines DEF Any form of cryptography that depends resulting from multipalh effects, and typically • rocket engines for" its security on coherent quantum-mechanical occurring in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) • rocket-based combined-cycle effects (quantum interference or quantum environmerlts. engines entanglement). GS fading RT air breathing boosters GS cryptography • signal fading air breathing engines • quantum cryptography • Rayleigh fading hybrid propulsion RT computer inforrrlation security RT channels (data transmission) integral rocket ramjets quantum computation mobile communication systems ramjet engines multipath transmission single stage to orbit vehicles quantum Hall effect phase shift keying spacecraft propulsion (added July 2000) radio signals supersonic combustion ramjet engines DEF Phenonqenon where the Hall resistance reception diversity of a two_timensional electron system at low rogue planets ternperature and high magnetic fields, becomes RBCC engines USE hypothetical planets quantized as hi(e-squared)j, where h is Plank's USE rocket-based combined-cycle constant, e is the electronic charge, and j is either engines Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer an integer or a rational fraction. USE X Ray Timing Explorer UF QHE (electrenics) red sprites GS galvanomagnetic effects USE sprites (atmospheric physics} RXTE (satellite,) • Hall effect USE X Ray Timing Explorer • quantum Hall effect Reissner-MindlJn plates RT electron gas USE MindHn plates Hall resistance S magnetic effects renewable energy quantum electronics (added December 1998) semiconductor devices GS renewable energy sample return missions supeHattices geothermal energy utilization (added March 2001) hydroelectricity DEF Space nqissions to collect material • tidepower samples from interplanetary space, a planet, or quasi--biennial oscillation • waterwave energy (added May 2001) other body and return the samples to Earth. • windpower utilization GS space missions DEF A natural, quasi-periodic (2-2.5 years) RT bioconversion oscillation of the zonal (east-west) stratospheric • sample return missions biomass energy production winds over the equatorial region The quasi- • . Mars sample return missions clean energy • . Stardust Mission biennial oscillation (QBO) affects stratospheric energy policy temperatures and trace gases (including ozone) RT samples co energy sources space exploration arid influences the response of the stralosphere to energy technology volcanic eruptions geothermal energy conversion satellite oceans UF QBO (climatology) hydrogen-based energy USE extraterrestrial oceans GS oscillations ocean thermal energy conversion quasF-biennial oscillation solar energy conversion scarf joints variations waste utilization (added March 1998) • periodic w_riations waterwave energy conversion DEF A joint in which the overlapping parts are • quasi-biennial oscillation tapered to form a continuous length, with no RT annual variations Ringleb flow increase in dimension at the joint. atmospheric circulation (added July 1998) GS joints (junctions) atmospheric temperature GS fluid flow • scarf joints climatology compressible flow R]- bolted joints el Nino Ringleb flow bonded joints equatorial atmosphere steady flow lap joints ozone • Ringleb flow metal joints Southern Oscillation two dimensional flow scarfing tropical meteorology Ringleb flow zonal flow (meteorology) RT critical flow scene generation subsonic flow ('added July 1998) Quaternary period transonic flow GS imaging techniques (added May 2001) • scene generaUon DEF A period (sub-era) within the Cenozoic rocket-based combined-cycle engines simulation era, beginning about two million years ago and (added August 1999) • scene generation extending to the present It is divided into two DEF Launch vehicle engines that integrate a RT computer graphics epochs.-----Holocerle and Pleistocene high specific impulse, low Ihrust---to---weigl'_t, flight simulation GS Cenozoic Era airbreathing engine with a low-impulse, high image reconstruction Quaternary period •Ihrust---to.--weigl'_t rocket -rhe engines are often scientific visualization • . Holocene epoch defined by four modes of operation in a target simulators

16 soft gamma repeaters

screech tones sensitivity analysis smart materials (added March 1998) (added February 2001) (added March 1998) DEF Discrete acoustic tones produced by DEF Study of how tile vafiation in the output DEF Engirleered materials capable of imperfectly expanded supersonic jets. The of a system model can be qualitatively or responding to their environment to a significant phenomenon is a result of a resonant feedback quantitatively apportioned to different input degree, by virtue of intrinsic properties and/or condition involving downstream traveling parameters, model structures, or calibration data• built-in sensor/actuator elements Applications of shear_layer disturbances and upstream traveling RTco analyzing these materials include vibration suppression/ acoustic waves design analysis isolation, precision positioning, damage detection, GS elastic waves design optimization and tunable devices • sound waves error analysis U F intelligent materials • noise (sound) factorial design RT actuators • . flow noise optimization biomirnetics .... aerodynamic noise parameter identification composite materials ..... screech tones parametefization electrorheological fluids frequencies shape optimization electrostriction acoustic frequencies systems analysis ferroelastic materials • . screech tones ferroelasticity RT aeroacoustics ferroelectfic materials Service Module (ISS) feedback (;_dded March 1999) ferromagnetic materials jet aircraft noise DEF Primary Russian component of the magnetorheoiogical fluids c_ materials jet mixing flow International Space Station providing an early nozzle flow station living quarters and life support system piezoelectric actuators shear layers functions to all early elements Also provides piezoelectric ceramics co sensors supersonic jet flow propulsive attitude control arid reboost capability supersonic nozzles for the early station• shape memory alloys UF Zvezda Service Module smart structures GS modules vibration damping seaborgium • space station modules (added May 1998) SNC meteorites GS chemical elements • Service Module (ISS) RT International Space Station (added March 1998) • sesborgium DEF Meteorites with petro]ogic charac-. RT bohrium life support systems teristics, isotopic signatures, trapped gas dubnium compositions, arid relatively young crystallization SGR (asP'enemy) ages (less than 1.3 billion years), which together USE soft gamma repeaters Sea---viewing Wide Field---of---view Sensor point to a Martian origin -rhe nanqe of these (added December 1998) meteorites is derived from first three known shape opUmization UF SeaWiFS examples-----Shergotty, Nakhla, and Chassigny. (added February 2001) GS scanners UF Martian meteorites DEF Process of, or techniques for-, ocean color scanner Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites deterrnirfing values of shape design variables that • . Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view GS celestial bodies minimize or maximize a selected object function Sensor meteorites while satisfying limiting constraints. RT chlorophylls • stony meteorites GS optimization Coastal Zone Color Scanner • . achondrites • design optimization ocean surface .... SNC meteorites • shape optimization phytoplankton RT chassignites R-]- aircraft design rerrlote sensors Mars (planet) airfoil profiles satellite-borne instruments Mars surface co design water color nakhlites design analysis shergottites fineness ratio Sea WiF-S sensitivity analysis SOAC (electronics) USE Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view shape functions USE systems--on---a--chip Sensor structural analysis structural design soft gamma repeaters structural design criteria self assembly (added January 2000) (added January 2001) DEF A class of x-ray source which emits Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites DEF Coordinated action of independent unks repeating bright bursts of "soft" or low--energy USE SNC meteorites to produce a larger structure or to achieve a gamma rays, along with steady x--ray pulsations. desired group effect• A strategy for nanofabdcation By the end of 1999 only a handful of these that involves designing molecules and supra- Shuttle Superfightweight Tank sources had been identified in our galaxy and in USE external tanks molecular entities so that shape-complementarity the Large Magellanic Cloud They are associated or other properties causes them to aggregate into propeNlant tanks with supernova remnants and are thus apparently desired structures• some kind of young neutron star. One theory holds

GS assembling s_?nal-precesshTg-in-the-element detectors that these stars are young magnetare self assembly USE infrared detectors (magnetically-powered neutron stars). Bright RT abiogenesis bursts occur when the evolving, ultra-strong co assembly magnetic field stresses the neutron star's solid slenderness ratio chemical evolution crust to breaking, in a sudden starquake X-ray USE aspect ratio fabrication pulsations are due to the rotation of the star, with micelles it's hot surface bright in x-rays rnoiecuiar biology SLWT (propellant tank) U F SGR (astronemy) USE external tanks molecular structure GS celestial bodies monomolecular filrns propellant tanks • stars

nanostructure (characteristics) • . neutron stars r_anotechnology SMA (image analysis) • . soft gamma repeaters synthesis (chemistry) USE spectral mixture analysis • x ray stars

17 solar nebula

• . soft gamma repeaters and ground--based sysIems; and potential health U F red sprites gamma ray sources (astronomy) hazards during extravehicular activity GS atmospheric radiation soft gamma repeaters R-]- Advanced Composition Explorer • sky radiation x ray sources aerospace environments • sprites (atmospheric physics) • x ray stars aerospace safety electromagnetic radiation • soft gamma repeaters Earth ionosphere • light (visible radiation) RT gamma ray astronomy Earth magnetosphere • . sky radiation gamma ray bursts Earth orbital environments • . sprites (atmospheric physics) magnetars geomagnetism RT atmospheric electricity supernova remnants ionospheric disturbances atmospheric ionization magnetic disturbances cloud-to_3round discharges solar nebula magnetic storms elves (added ,June 2001) Polar/GGS spacecraft lightning radiation hazards thunderstorms DEF Clouds of gas and dust from which the Sun, planets, and other solar system bodies solar activity effects Stardust Mission formed solar terrestrial interactions (added March 1999) LJF protosolar nebula space plasmas GS celestial bodies weather DEF First U.S mission launched to robotically • nebulae obtain samples in deep space and return them to Earth. The NASA Discovery-class mission will • . solar nebula spacewalks return dust samples collected from the debris RT meteoritic composition USE extravehicular activity cloud surrounding the nucleus of Comet Wild 2. planetary evolution Interstellar dust will also be collected. The mission protoplanets spectral mixture analysis spacecraft takes advantage of an Earth gravity- protostars (added July 2000) assist maneuver to reach the comet, and uses an solar system DEF Linear algebraic method for defining aerogel---based dust colleolor. solar" system evolution subpixel fractions for each of the spectral star formation GS space missions endmembers (e.g., ground cover categories) that • flyby missions stellar" evolution constitute a rnixed--pixel spectral signature. • Stardust Mission sun UF SMA (image analysis) • sample return missions GS discrimination • . Stardust Mission sonochemistry • spectraN mixture analysis R]- cornet nuclei USE ultrasonic processing image analysis interstellar matter spectral mixture analysis Wild 2 comet space station modules spectrum analysis • spectraN mixture analysis (added November 1998) stellar seismology GS modules RT image processing USE aateroseismology pixels space staLion modules Destiny Laboratory Module principal components analysis stepped leaders • Kvant modules remote sensing (added August 1999) • Priroda module spectral reflectance GS electric current • Service Module (ISS) • electric discharges Unity connecting module spectral response .. lightning Zarya control module USE spectral sensitivity • . leaders (meteorology) RT air locks .... stepped leaders

compartments spiral bevel gears Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite International Space Station (;_dded May 1999) (added November 2000) Mir space station GS gears DEF A NASA Small Explorer Project (SMEX) orbital assembly bevel gears satellite designed to study the chemical space erectable structures • spiral bevel gears space station structures composition, energy balance, and structure of spacecraft modules interstellar gas clouds and the processes that lead spreadsheets to the formation of stars and planets its primary (added March 2001) objective is to survey water, molecular oxygen, space tourism DEF Software applications that present a carbon, and isotopic carbon monoxide emission in (added April 1999) display of multiple columns and rows, and allow a a variety of galactic star forming regions• GS space industrialization user to input and manipulate numerical data for UF Explorer 74 satellite • space tourism planning, tracking, analysis, and financial SWAS (satellite) tourism calculations GS artificial satellites space tourism GS computer programs scientific satellites RT space commercialization applications programs (computers) astronomical satellites space transportation • spreadsheets Submillimeter Wave Astronomy RT computer techniques Satellite space weaLher tables (data) Explorer satellites (added ,June 1999) • SubmiVimeter Wave Astronomy SN (FOR METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS SPRITE detecters SateNlite RELATED TO THE MIDDLE AND LOWER USE infrared detectors small scientific satellites ATMOSPHERES OF NON-EARTH PLANETS USE "PLANE]AnY METEOROLOGY".) • Submillimeter Wave Astronomy DEF The dynamic, highly variable conditions of sprites (atmospheric physics) Satellite the geospace environment that encompasses the (added January 2000) observatories sun, the interplanetary medium, and the Earth DEF Short-lived luminosities observed at high • astronomical observatories magnetosphere--ionospl'_ere--¢herrnosphere system. altitudes above thunderstorms, apparently • . astronomical satellites Major contributing factors include variations in the associated with upward discharges of thunder- • . Submillimeter Wave Astronomy solar wind, solar flares, and solar mass ejections. storm electricity. -rhey appear as columnar diffuse Satellite Effects of space weather phenomena include reddish glows between 30 km and 80 km above RT interstellar chemistry performance degradation of communication, ground, lasting tens of milliseconds, following interstellar matter navigation, and power systems on both spacecraft large positive cloud-to_jround lightning strokes• molecular clouds

18 tissue engineering

spaceborne astronomy experJrnent design waves interacting with solid boundaries, such as star formation multidisciplinary design optimization the wails of a tube or a "stack"• subrnJllimeter waves optJrnization R]- acoustic excitation parameter identification acoustic instability Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect reliability engineering acoustics (added July 2000) statistical analysis acousto-optics DEF Compton scattering of microwave total quality management combustion stability radiation Jnthe vicinity of galaxy clusters resulting c_ effects in fluctuations in the cosmic microwave tensegric structures heat transfer background radiation (CMBR). USE tensegrity structures sound waves UF S-Z effect thermoacoustJc refrigerators RT anisotropy thermophysJcal properties tenaegrity structures Compton effect (added January 2001) cosmic gases DEF A class of prestressed structures whose thermoacoustic refrigerators cosmic microwave background (added May 2000) radiation shape Js guaranteed by the interaction between a continuous network of members in tension and a DEF Cooling devices in which intense sound co effects discontinuous network of members in waves in pressurized resonant cavities are used galactic dusters compression• These members can serve to generate temperature gradients Jn an array of intergalactic media simultaneously as sensors, actuators, and load parallel plates in the interior of a tube that serves microwave scattering carrying elements• The word tensegrity is a as a heat exchanger and Jn which heat is drawn radio astronomy away by a heat sink. relic radiation contraction of "tensional integrity". UF tensegrio structures GS refrigerating machinery • refrigerators auperhumps (aaLronomy) tensile-integrity structures RT JsotensoJd structures • thermoacoustic refrigerators (adcled October 1998) R-f- accretion disks prestressing R]- cooling systems smart structures refrigerating astronomical photometry thermoacoustic effects binary stars structural design co structures cataclysmic variables dwarf novae thermocapHlary migration eclipsing binary stars tensile-integrity structures (added September 1999) stellar spectrophotometry USE tenaegriLy structures DEF Phenomenon where droplets (or bubbles) in a host fluid with a uniform temperature SWAS (satellite) Terra spacecraft gradient migrate to the hot end of the host fluid USE Submillimeter Wave Astronomy (added June 1999) because of the temperature dependence of the Satellite DEF First Jn a series of EOS (Earth Observing interracial energy of the droplets. System) spacecraft developed to advance tile RT bubbles ayst em _--o n---a---chip understanding of the ways that the Earth's lands, capillary flow (adcled May 2001) oceans, air, ice, and life function as a total drops (liquids) DEF Single electronic chips that incorporate environmental system• The spacecraft carries five electromigration the multiple functional elements comprising a high---resolution instruments: the Advanced interracial tension cornplete system; usually include processor core, Spaceborne Thermal Emission Radiometer MarangonJ convection I/O subsystems, and memory elements, and may (ASTER), the Clouds and the Earth Radiant microgravJty include mixed--signal and mJxed--¢echno]ogy Energy System (CERES), the Multi-Angle imaging space processing subsystems• Spectroradiometer (MISR), the Moderate temperature gradients UF SOAC (electronics) Resolution imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), thermornigration GS chips (electronics) and the Measurements of Pollution in the syatems-on--_-chip Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument• time domain analysis RT application specific integrated circuits UF AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft ('added April 1999) large scale integration EOS AM-1 spacecraft GS analysis (mathematics) microelectronJcs GS artificial satellites • time domain analysis micromJnJaturized electronic devices • Terra spacecraft • finite difference time domain method RISC processors Earth Observing System (EOS) R]- control systems design systems integration Terra spacecraft dynamic response RT Earth observations (from space) parameter identification S-Z effect remote sensing signal processing USE Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect co tJme response thermal lenses USE thermal lensing time synchronization T (added December 1998) thermal lensing GS synchronism Taguehi methods (added November 1998) time synchronization (added September 2000) UF thenTzal lenses RT clocks DEF Qualify engineering methodology, GS thermal lensing frequency standards developed by Genichi Taguchi, for minimizing a • thermal blooming frequency synchronization product's sensitivity to uncontrollable system RT atmospheric optics Global Positioning System focusing time measurement disturbances by simultaneously varying both design and disturbance parameters The method laser beams time signals incorporates a special set of arrays called photothermal deflection spectroscopy universal time orthogonal arrays that define the minimal number wave front deformation of experiments that would provide the full [issue engineering information for all factors that affect the thermoacouatie effects (added October 2000) performance parameter (added May 2000) DEF Discipline for the in vitro growth and GS quality control DEF Phenomena associated with the maintenance of tissue, organ pfimordia, or the Taguehi methods combination of temperature, pressure and whole or part of an organ so as to preserve its RT design analysis displacement oscillations caused by acoustic architecture and/or function• In terms of

19 Titan 4B launch vehicle

application, the primary goal of this technology Js • . Transition Region and Coronal asteroids of this group are narned after the heroes the replacement of deficient organs Explorer of the Trojan War GS bioengineering • small scJenLific satellites GS celestial bodies • tissue engineering • . Transition Region and Coronal • asteroids technologies Explorer • Trojan asteroids biotechnology RT chromosphere RT Jupiter (planet) • tissue engineering SOHO Mission Lagrangian equilibrium points RT bioreactors solar atmosphere three body problem ceils (biology) solar corona Trojan orbits d inostats solar magnetic field culture techniques solar observatories #opical Rainfafl Measuring Mission sat cytology solar physics USE TRM i'_ satellite growth solar transition region histology in vitro methods and tests U transplutonic planets co rnicrogravity applications USE hypothetical planets organs Ukrainian space program tissues (biology) (added ,January 1999) transverse momentum GS programs Titan 4B launch vehicle (added June 1999) • space programs GS momentum (added October 1998) • Ukrainian space program [ransverse momentum GS launch vehicles RT Ukraine RT angular momentum • qqtan launch vehicles ZenJt launch veMcles • . Titan 4 launch vehicle elementary particle interactions particle motion ultrasonic processing • . Titan 4B launch vehicle transverse acceleration rocket vehicles (added June 1998) DEF The use of ultrasonic radiation to multistage rocket vehicles synthesize a compound or material, or alter the • . Titan launch vehicles Trefftz method structure, properties, or form of a material. •. -riLan 4 launch vehicle (added July 1998) .... Titan 4B launch vehicle DEF Boundary-type approximation scheme UF sonochemistry ultrasonic treah77ent R-f- CassinJ mission for the solution of boundary wdue problems for Rl-co processing laser gyroscopes partial differential equations UF hybrid-Trefftz finite element method ultrasonic cleaning ultrasonics total impulse GS analysis (mathematics) (added March 2000) numerical analysis ultrasonic treatrnent .. approximation DEF The integral of thrust over a given USE ultrasonic processing interval of time; the product of thrust and duration • . boundary element method .... Treff[z me[hod expressed in force-seconds; the total thrust uncertain systems produced by a rocket engine or motor over the RT bending theory (added June 2000) entire time that its fuel is burning. boundary conditions RT control systems design GS impulses boundary value problems control theory finite element method totaN impulse fuzzy systems partial differential equations RT propulsion system performance linear systems propulsive efficiency plate theory nonlinear systems spacecraft propulsion structural analysis probability theory specific impulse co systems thrust TRMM satellite (added May 1998) undercooling tourism DEF Satellite supporting the joint USE supercooling (added April 1999) US_Japanese Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission GS tourism (-rRMM) to explore tropical rainfall and its effects Unity connecting module (added November 1998) space tourism on the Earth energy budget, general circulation, RT industries arid climate ]-he -]-RMM satellite represents the DEF Component of the International Space recreation first dual deployment of a precipitation radar and Station providing six ports that serve as transportation passive microwave radiometer on an Earth- connecting points for other station modules and co travel viewing satellite. framework e[ernents. GS modules UF Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat TRACE satellite GS artificial satellites • space station modules USE Transition Region and Coronal • meteorological satellites • Unity connecting module RT Integrated Truss Structure Z1 Explorer • TRMM satellite scientific satellites international Space Station spacecraft docking transition elements (chemis#y) • TRMM sa[elHte USE transition metaNs RT atmospheric circulation US Laboratory Module (ISS) Earth radiation budget USE Destiny Laboratory Module Transition Region and CoronaN Explorer equatorial atmosphere rai n (added May 1998) tropical meteorology DEF Small Explorer Mission satellite V supporting the investigation of the relationships between fine-scale magnetic fields and their Trojan asteroids Variable Specific tmpulse Magnetoplasma associated plasma structures in the transition (added August 2000) Rocket region and lower corona of the Sun. DEF Any asteroid that orbits in the Lagrange USE VASlMR (propulsion system) LJF Explorer 73 satellite points of another (larger) body. In particular, those •TRACE satellite asteroids with a revolution penod approximately VASIMR (propulsion system) GS artificial satellites equal to that of Jupiter (1:1 resonance) and (added November 2000) scientific satellites clustered at either of the two Lagrange points---60 DEF A high-power, RF--driven r]qagneto- • . Explorer satellites degrees ahead of or behind the Jupiter. Most plasma rocket system capable of I(sp) thrust

20 Wild 2 comet

modulation at constant power• The VASIMR • video conlerencing wave rotors utilizes radiofrequency (RF) power both to RT communication networks (added March 1998) generate a high--density plasma in a helicon conferences DEF Rotor devices that use gasdynamic source and to accelerate the plasma ions to high television systems waves to transfer energy rather than the motion of velocity by ion cyclotron resonance heating video compression solid surfaces. Typically, they consist of a series (ICRH). The system features a magnetic nozzle, video data of passages arranged on a drum which rotates which accelerates the plasma particles by about an axis Through rotation, the ends of the converting their azimuthal energy into directed video teieconferencing passages are periodically exposed to various momentum USE video conferencing circumferentially arranged porLs which initiate the U F Variable Specific Impulse traveling expansion or compression waves within Magnetoplasma Rocket the passages The particular ch'cumferential VLTA (aircraft) GS engines location of the ports determines the thermo- USE very large transport aircraft • rocket engines dynamic cycle of the working fluid. • . electric rocket engines GS rotating bodies VOC (organic chemistry) • . plasma engines • rotors USE volatile organic compounds .... VASIMR (propulsion system) • . wsve ro[ors RT magnetic nozzles RT compression waves volatile organic compounds plasma heating energy transfer (added March 2000) plasma propulsion engine parts DEF Any compounds of carbon (excluding radio frequency heating gas dynamics carbon oxides, carbonic acid, metallic carbonates spacecraft propulsion gas generators and carbides, and carbon-nitrogen compounds) gas turbine engines that are readily vaporizable; any of such veins (petrology) topping cycle engines compounds that participate in atmospheric (added June 2001) turbomachinery photochemical reactions, or that are considered DEF A relatively thin mass of mineral that fills turboshafts indoor, local, regional, or global contaminants• a crack or joint in a host rock• wave generation U F VOC (organic chemistry) RT inclusions GS organic compounds meteoritic composition voNatHe organic compounds weakly interacting massive particles mineral deposits RT air pollution (added November 1,999) minerals DEF Hypothetical elementary particles pre- rock intrusions air quality contaminants dicted by supersymmetry theories, that interact rocks exhaust emission only through gravity and weak---¢ype interactions; postulated to account for dark matter in the VentureStar launch vehicle indoor air pollution Universe. ozone (added June 1999) U F cosmiens photochemical reactions DEF Reusable single-stage-to--orbit launch WIMPs (astronomy) vehicle employing linear aerospJke engines, and GS particles having a payload capacity roughly equivalent to Voronoi diagrams • elementary parlJcles that of the Space Shuttle; developed in (added October 2000) • hypothetical particles coordination with the X---33 advanced technology DEF In computational geometry, a partitioning • . weakly interacting massive demonstrator vehicle of a space containing a finite set of points, P, in particles GS aerospace vehicles such a way that each partition contains a single RT dark matter aerospace planes point in P and the subspace for which it is the missing mass (astrophysics) • VentureStar launch vehicle nearest point from the set. Some applications solar neutrinos maneuverable spacecraft include regional planning, image analysis, and • aerospace planes robot path planning• • VentureStar launch vehicle GS diagrams web sites reentry vehicles • Voronoi diagrams USE websites • recoverable spacecraft RT computational geometry • . reusable spacecraft geometry websites • . aerospace planes grid generation (mathematics) (added March 2001) .... VentureStar launch vehicle image analysis DEF Locations on the World Wide Web soft landing spacecraft partitions (mathematics) providing a collection of linked resources, usually • aerospace planes spatial distribution including a homepage, and prepared and • . VentureStar Nsunch vehieNe topology maintained as a collection of information by a RT aerospike engines trajectory planning person, group, or organization. cornmercial spacecraft UF web sites X-33 reusable launch vehicle GS resources • Internet resources very large transport aircraft W • . websites (added November 1998) RT electronic bulletin boards DEF Aircraft capable of a maximum takeoff electronic commerce weight greater than 400 metric tons (881,600 Ibs) water sampling information dissemination (added March 1998) or having a seating capacity greater than 660. information resources management DEF -f-he process of obtaining a represerl- UF VLTA (aircraft) information systems tative sample of water from any natural or artificial GS transport aircraft internets • very large transport aircraft environment on-line systems RT cargo aircraft GS sampling World Wide Web passenger aircraft • water sampling RT environmental monitoring WtG vehicles video conferencing ground water (added August 2000) pollution monitoring USE wing-in-ground effect vehicles UF video teleconferencing sea water GS telecommunication surface water Wild 2 come[ teleconferencing water (added March 1999) • video conferencing water pollution DEF Periodic cornet, discovered January • video communication water quality 1978, relatively new to the inner Solar System due

21 Wind/GGS spacecraft

to a shift in its orbit caused by the gravitational • X---32 aircra_t Spectrometer), and optical/UV irnaging and timing influence of Jupiter• V/STOL aircraft from a co-aligned instrument (Optical Monitor) GS celestial bodies X--32 aireraf[ UF X Ray Multi--Miffor Mission • comets XMM (telescope) • . Wild 2 comet )[-.35 aircraft GS artificial satellites RT Stardust Mission (added October 1998) • ESA satellites DEF Experimental strike fighter incorporating • . XMM-Newton telescope WIMPs (astronomy) a vertical lift fan for short takeoff/vertical landing • scientific satellites USE weakly interacting massive particles capability Developed as part of the ,Joint Strike • astronomical satellites Fighter (JSF) program • . XMM--Newton telescope WindlGGS spacecraft GS jet aircraft ESA spacecraft (added January 2001) • X---35 aircralt • ESA satellites DEF One of two NASA spacecraft in the Lockheed aircraft • XMM-Newton telescope Global Geospace Science (GGS) initiative and X---35 aireraf[ observatories part of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics research vehicles • astronomical observatories (ISTP) program• The main purpose of the Wind • research aircraft • . astronomical satellites spacecraft is to measure the incoming solar wind, • )[-35 aircraft • . XMM-Newton telescope magnetic fields, and particles, although early in its V/STOL aircraft telescopes mission Wind observed tile Earth foreshock X---35 aircraf[ • spaceborne telescopes region• The spacecraft was launched in November • . XMM-Newton telescope 1994 X--37 vehicle • x ray telescopes GS artificial satellites (added March 2000) • XMM-Newton telescope • geophysical satellites DEF NASA/Boeing experimental space plane R-r x ray astronomy • Wind/GGS spacecraft developed to demonstrate airframe, propulsion, X Ray Astrophysics Facility scientific satellites and operations technologies for reduced-cost • . WindlGGS spacecraft reusable launch vehicles. The unpiloted X-37 can RT Earth magnetosphere be carried into orbit by the Space Shuttle or Z gamma rays launched by an expendable rocket, and flies in interplanetary magnetic fields both orbital and reentry environments, operating at Polar/GGS spacecraft speeds up to 25 times tile speed of sound. Zl truss structure solar corpuscular radiation GS aerospace vehicles USE Integrated Truss Structure Zl solar terrestrial interactions • aerospace planes solar wind • X-37 vehicle Zarya control module space plasmas hypersonic vehicles (added November 1998) • X-37 vehicle DEF Component of the International Space wing-body and tail conf_Turations maneuverable spacecraft Station providing propulsion, steering, and USE body-wing and tail configurations aerospace planes cornmunications during the early assembly stages • X-37 vehicle of the station; later serving as a docking port and wing--body configurations reentry vehicles fuel tank. Zarya was built by Russia under contract USE body-wing configurations • recoverable spacecraft to the US. and is owned by the US. • reusable spacecraft GS modules wing-in-ground effect vehicNes • . aerospace planes • space station modules (added December 1999) .... X---37 vehicle • . Zarya control module DEF Vehicles designed to fly about half their research vehicles RT International Space Station mean chord above the surface, taking advantage • X---37 vehicle of the reduced drag and increased lift caused by soft landing spacecraft Zenit launch vehicles ground effect. These vehicles, also known as aerospace planes ('added January 1999) WIGs or WlGEs, normally operate above a water • X-37 vehicle GS launch vehicles surface RT reusable launch vehicles • Zenit launch vehicles U F ekranoplanes co spacecraft WIG vehicles RT sea launching Ukrainian space program GS ground effect machines X--43 vehicle wing-in-4:jround effect vehicles (added September 1999) zero sum gsmes R-f- ground effeeL (aerodynanqics) DEF ]-Pie experimental research vehicle of tile (added October 1998) surface effect ships NASA Hyper-X program designed to flight validate GS games key propulsion and re]ated technologies for • zero sum games air-breathing hypersonic aircraft. RT differential games X GS aerospace vehicles • X-43 vehicle Markov processes optimal control hypersonic vehicles X Ray Multi.--.Mi[ro[ Mission X_zl3 vehicle pursuit-evasion games saddle points (game theory) USE XMM-Newton telescope research vehicles • X-43 vehicle X-32 aircraft RT hypersonic flight Zvezda Service Module (added October 1998) Pegasus air-launched booster • USE Service Module (ISS} DEF Experimental supersonic strike fighter supersonic combustion ram•let engines developed to be configured as a conventional or short takeoff/vertical landing vehicle• Developed XMM (telescope) as part of the ,Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) program• USE XMM-Newton telescope GS Boeing aircraft X-32 aircraft XMM-Newton telescope jet aircraft (added August 2000) • X-32 aircraft DEF Spaceborne x-ray telescope, launched research vehicles in December 1999, providing sirnu[taneous, research aircraft high-throughput non-dispersive spectroscopic • X---32 aircraft imaging (EPIC instrument), rnediurn--resolution supersonic aircraft dispersive spectroscopy (Reflection Grating

22 NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT

PART 2 ROTATED TERM DISPLAY

A pulsed arcjet engines use pulsed jet engines field-programmable gate arrays systems-on- a--chip self assembly Lorentz 1orce accelerator thrusters associative memory use magnetoplasmadynamic associative storage thrusters use associative memory canier sense multiple access Trojan asteroids ACE satellite asteroseismology use Advanced Composition Explorer CMBR (astronomy) piezoelectric actuators use cosmic microwave background content- addressable memory radiation use associative memory MACHOs (astronomy) Advanced Composition Explorer use massive compact halo objects Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle SGR (astronomy) use pilotless aircraft use SOft gamma repeaters reconnaissance aircraft superhumps (astronomy) aeroshells WIMPs (astronomy) machine aided indexing use weakly interacting massive use indexing (information science) particles Boeing 717 aircraft Submillirneter Wave Astronomy Satellite very large transport aircraft Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility VL-rA (aircraft) use X Ray Astrophysics Facility use very large transport aircraft sprites (atmospheric physics) X-32 aircraft embedded atom method X-35 aircraft rnodified embedded atom method greedy algorithms use ernbedded atom method Alpha Magnetic Spectrorneter Irnager for Magnetopause-to- Aurora Global Explorer iron aluminides automatic indexing AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft use indexing (information science) use Terra spacecraft EOS AM-1 spacecraft use Terra spacecraft AMS (spectrometer) use Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer B cost benefit analysis use cost analysis Planet- 13 spacecraft cost effectiveness use Nozomi Mars Orbiter frequency domain analysis cosmic microwave background radiation information analysis kink bands sensitivity analysis baroreceptor reflexes SMA (image analysis) use baroreflexes use spectral mixture analysis baroreflexes spectral mixture analysis rocket- based combined-cycle engines time domain analysis lithium batteries anisoplanatism Euler-Bernoulli beam theory Laser Interferometer Space Antenna use Eu[er-Bernoulli beams use LISA (observatory) Euler--Bernoulli beams antenna gain cost benefit analysis anticoincidence detectors use cost analysis antieoineidenee shields cost effectiveness use anticoincidence detectors Euler- Bernoulli beam theory antiphase boundaries use Euler-Bernoul[i beams antiphase domains Euler- IBernouHi beams use antiphase boundaries bevel gears proton- antiproton interactions spiral bevel gears APB (materials) quasi- biennial oscillation use antiphase boundaries biomass burning apoptosis biomimetics archaeomagnetism Biot-Savart law use paleomagr3etism blended-wing-body configurations

23 blended

blended---wing-luselage colloidal suspensions use blended-wing-body use colloids configurations rocket-based combined--cycle engines wing- body and tail configurations Hale-Bopp comet use body-wing and tail Wild 2 comet configurations Comet Nucleus Tour blended-wing- body configurations e- commerce wing- body configurations use electronic commerce use body-wing configurations electronic commerce Boeing 717 aircraft commercial off-the-shelf products bohrium free-space optical communication Bond number quantum communication Hale- Bopp cornet massive compact halo objects antiphase boundaries Advanced Composition Explorer laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy biomass burning enantiomeric compounds BWB corffigurations use enantiomers use blended--wing--body volatile organic compounds configurations quantum computation quantum computers C quantum computing use quantum computation digital cameras video conferencing carrier sense multiple access blended-wing-body configurations cascode devices BWB configurations pathological cell death use blended-wing-body use necrosis configurations programmed cell death flying wing configurations use apoptosis use blended.-wing--body cellumar rnanufacturing configurations use group technology nacelle wing configurations (manufacturing) use wing nacelle configurations chain reactions (chemistry) wing-body configurations chain reactions (nuclear physics) use body-wing configurations Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility wing-body and tail configurations use X Ray Astrophysics Facility use body-wing and tail Shergotty Nakhia Chassigny meteorites use SNC meteorites configurations chain reactions (chemistry) Unity connecting module EAM (physical chemistry) content-addressable rnemory use embedded 8tom method use associatwe memory MEAM (physical chemistry) CONTOUR (mission) use embedded atom rnetlqod use Cornet Nucleus Tour MMH (chemistry) H-2 control use monomethylhydrazines Zarya control module transition elements (chemistry) Cooper-Harper ratings use transition metals -f?ansition Region and Coronam Explorer VQC (organic chemistry) corrugated waveguides use volatile organic corr_pounds cosmic microwave background systems-on-a- chip radiation clamped structures cosmions environmental cleanup use weakly' interacting massive Mars Climate Orbiter particles QBO (climatology) cost benefit analysis use quasi-biennial oscillation use cost analysis clinorotation cost effectiveness clinostat rotation COTS products use clinorotation use commercial off-the-shell el inostating use clinorotation products clinostats inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry cloud-to- cloud discharges critical current cloud-to-ground discharges quantum cryptography CMBR (astronomy) cuprates use cosmic microwave background critical current radiation rocket-based combined- cycle engines cochannel interference cycloaddition

24 Envisat

D Josephson effect quantum Hall effect Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle Sunyaev--Zeldevich effect S-Z effect use pilotless aircraft reconnaissance aircraft use Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect data mir=ing wir_g--in.-ground effect vehicles pathological cell death thermoacoustic effects use necrosis ekranoplanes programmed cell death use wing-in-ground effect vehicles use apeptesis electroactive polymers Deep Space 1 Mission electrochemical synthesis photothermal deflection spectroscopy electromagnetic rocket engines deformabme mirrors use plasma engines Delta 3 launch vehicle PML (electromagnetism) Delta 4 launch vehicle use perfectly matched layers dendrimers MEMS (electromechanical devices) dendritic polymers use microelectromechanical systems use dendrimers electronic commerce design optimization electronic structure Destiny Laboratory Module QHE (electronics) detectors anticoincidence use quantum Hall effect detectors signal-processing-in -the-element SOAC (electronics) use infrared detectors use systems-on-a-chip SPRITE detectors electrosynthesis use infrared detectors use electrochemical synthesis orbit determination signal-processing-in-the- element detectors pulse detonation engines hybrid-Trefftz finite element method pulse detonation wave engines use finite element method use pulse detonation engines Trefftz method cascode devices transition elements (chemistry) MEMS (electremechanical devices) use transition metals use microelectrornechanical systems elves Voronoi diagrams embedded atom method dielectric loss modified embedded atom method dielectric waveguides finite difference time domain method use embedded atom method normalized difference vegetation index enantiomeric compounds use enantiomers differential games enantiomers digital cameras cloud-to-cloud discharges enantiomorphs cloud-to-ground discharges use enantiomers intracbud discharges exergic energy knowledge discovery use exergy use data rnining renewable energy protoplanetary disks tissue engineering document indexing electromagnetic rocket engines use indexing (information science) use plasma engines frequency domain analysis PDE (engines) ti me domain analysis use pulse detonation engines finite difference time domain method PDRE (engines) antiphase domains use pulse detonation engines use antiphase boundaries PDWE (engines) DSl (space mission) use pulse detonatien engines use Deep Space 1 Mission PIT (rocket engines) dubnium use pulsed inductive thrusters dusty plasmas PPT (rocket engines) use pulsed plasma thrusters pulse detonation engines E pulse detonation wave engines use pulse detonation engines

e-commerce pulsed arcjet engines use electronic commerce use pulsed jet engines e-mail RBCC engines use electronic mail use rocket--based combined--cycle EAM (physical chemistry) engines use embedded atom method rocket-based combined-cycle engines EAP (polymers) environmental cleanup use electroactive polymers Enviaat-1 satellite

25 (EOS

AM-I (EOS) spacecraft flying wing configurations use Terra spacecraft use blended-wing-body EOS AM-1 spacecraft configurations use Terra spacecraft Lorentz force accelerator thrusters Holocene epoch use magnetoplasmadynamic Pleistocene epoch thrusters Ethernet free--space optical communication Euler---Berr=oulli beam theory free--space optical interconnects use Euler-Bernoulli beams frequency domain analysis Euler-Bernoulli beams FSOI (integrated optics) evanescent waves use free-space optical interconnects pursuit- evasion games fuHerides exergic energy membership functions use exergy FUSE (satellite) exergy use Far UV Spectroscopic Explorer exoplanets blended-wing- fuselage use extrasolar planets fuselage-wing stores exosomar planets use wing-fuselage stores use extrasolar planets fusion propulsion Advanced Composition Explorer Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Explorer G use IMAGE satellite Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer Gabor filters use X Ray Timing Explorer Gabor transformation Transition Region and Coronal Explorer antenna gain Expmorer 71 satellite games use Advanced Composition Explorer differential games Explorer 73 satellite pursuit-evasion games use Transition Region and Coronal zero sum games Explorer soft gamma repeaters Explorer 74 satellite field-programmable gate arrays use Submillimeter Wave Astronomy bevel gears Satellite spiral bevel gears Explorer 77 satellite scene generation use Far UV Spectroscopic Explorer Next Generation Space Telescope project Explorer 78 satellite Genesis rnission use IMAGE satellite Polar/ GGS spacecraft knowledge extraction Wind/ GGS spacecraft use data mining h-nager for Magnetopause- extraterrestrial oceans to-Aurora Global Explorer use IMAGE satellite Mars Global Surveyor glucocorticoids F Godunov method GOES 10 Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory use X Ray Astrophysics Facility use L.IG© (observatory) Rayleigh fading greedy algorithms FDTD (mathematics) cloud-to- ground discharges use finite difference time domain wing-- in.- ground effect vehicles method group technology (manufacturing) heavy fermion superconductors heaw fermion systems ferroelastic materials H ferroelasticity fiber pushout H-2 control Sea-viewing Wide Field---of-view Sensor Hale--Bopp cornet fiemd-programmable gate arrays quantum Hall effect field tests Hall resistance Gabor filters Hall thrusters finite difference time domain method massive compact halo obiects hybrid-Trefftz finite element method halon use finite element rnethod hardware-in-the-loop simulation Tiefftz method hardwa re--in-the-loop tests in- flight simulation use hardware-in-the-loop sirnulation Ringleb flow Cooper- Harper ratings flow noise hassium magnetorheological fluids head up tilt

26 laser

health and usage monitoring systems interannual variations use systems health monitoring use annual variations heavy fermion superconductors intercalibration heavy fermion systems free-space optical interconnects heavy metals optical interconnects hindcasting cochannel interference hindlirnb suspension Laser Interferorneter Gravitational-Wave hindlirnb unloading Observatory use hindlimb suspension use L.IGO (observatory) Holocene epoch Laser Interferorneter Space Antenna HUT (physiology) use LISA (observatory) use head up tilt intracloud discharges hybrid--:f?efftz finite element method intraseasonai oscillations use finite element method use intraseasonal variations Tiefftz method intraseasonai variations hydrophobicity ion optics hyperbranched polymers iridium network use dendrimers iridium satellites hyperg ravity use communication satellites use high gravity environments iridium neh_ork hypogravity iron aluminides use microgravity Service Module (Mss) hypothetical particles US [_aboratory Module (Mss) Phaethon(hypothetical planet) use Destiny Laboratory Module use hypothetical planets ISS (space station) hypothetical planets use International Space Station

J

lOP-MS (spectrometry) Java (programming language) scarf use inductwely coupled plasma joints rnass spectrometry Josephson effect Josephson tunneling ]___- lOP-MS (spectrometry) Population III stars use Josephson effect Madden- Julian Oscillation SMA {image analysis) use spectral mixture analysis IMAGE satellite K Irnager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global ---Explorer' kink bands use IMAGE satellite kinking total impulse knowledge discovery Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket use data mining use VASIMR (propulsion system) knowledge extraction index normalized difference vegetation use data mining automatic indexing use indexing (information science) document indexing L use indexirlg (information science) machine aided indexing LA-ICP.- MS (spectrometry) use indexing (inforrnation science) use inductively coupled plasma indexing (information science) mass spectrometry laser- induced breakdown spectroscopy Polar Plasma Laboratory pulsed inductive thrusters use Polar/GGS spacecraft inductively coupled plasma mass Desti ny Laboratory Module spectrometry US Laboratory Module (ISS) inflight simulation use Destiny Laboratory Module use in-flight sirnulation Mars Polar Lander information analysis Mars Surveyor 98 Lander indexing (information science) use Mars Polar Lander FSOI (integrated optics) Mars landing sites use free-space optical interconnects Langrnuir monolayers Integrated Truss Structure Z1 use monornolecular filrns tensile- integrity structures Java (programming language) use tensegrity structures markup languages intelligent materials use document markup languages use smart materials very large transport aircraft weakly interacting massive particles laser-induced breakdown proton--antiproton interactions spectroscopy

27 Laser

Laser Interlerometer cellular manufacturing Gravitational-Wave Observatory use group technology use LIGO (observatory) (manufacturing) Laser Interferometer Space Antenna group technology (manufacturing) use LISA (observatory) Long March launch vehicles laser spark spectroscopy markup languages use laser-induced breakdown use document markup languages spectroscopy Mars Climate Orbiter LASS (spectroscopy) Mars Global Surveyor use laser-induced breakdown Mars landing sites spectroscopy Mars missions Delta 3 launch vehicle 2001 Mars Odyssey Delta 4 launch vehicle NozomJ Mars Orbiter Titan 4B launch vehicle Mars Polar Lander VentureStar launch vehicle Mars Surveyor 98 Lander Long March launch vehicles use Mars Polar Lander Zenit launch vehicles Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter Laves phases use Mars Climate Orbiter Biot.-Savart law Mars Suweyor 98 Program perfectly rnatched layers Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission stepped leaders Martian meteorites leaders (meteorology) use SNC meteorites thermal lenses inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry use thermal lensing massive compact halo objects thermal lensing LFA thrusters weakly interacting massive particles use magnetoplasmadynamic perfectly matched layers thrusters APB (materials) MBS (spectroscopy) use antiphase boundaries use laser-induced breakdown ferroelastic materials spectroscopy intelligent materials UGO (observatory) use' smart materials LISA (obsewatory) smart materials lithium batteries FDTD (mathematics) Long March launch vehicles use finite difference time domain hardware-in-the- loop simulation method hardware--in--the-- loop tests MEAM (physical chemistry) Lorentz force accelerator thrusters use embedded atom method use mag netoplasmadyrqamic Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat thrusters use TRMM satellite dielectric loss meitnerium Lunar Prospector membership functions associative memory content-addressable memory use associative memory M MEMS (electromechanical devices) use rnicroelectromechanical systems heavy metals machine aided indexing Martian meteorites use indexirlg (information science) use SNC meteorites random positioning machines Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites use clinostats use SNC meteorites MACHOs (astronomy) SNC meteorites use massive compact halo objects leaders Madden-Julian Oscillation (meteorology) MJO (meteorology) magnetars use Madden.-Julian Oscillation magnetic nozzles embedded atom method Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer finite difference time domain method Imager for Mag netopause---to-Aurera Global Godunov method Explorer method use IMAGE satellite hybrid--Trefftz finite element Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket use finite element method use VASIMR (propulsion system) Trefftz method magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters modified embedded atom method magnetorheoiogieal fluids use embedded atom method magnetostratigraphy Trefftz method e- mail l_guchi methods use electronic mail in vitro methods and tests preventive maintenance in vivo methods and tests

28 Orbiter

MGS(spacecraft) N use Mars Global Surveyor micelles nacelle wing conligurations microelectromecha nical systems use wing nacelle configurations microsateilites Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny meteorites microsats use SNC meteorites use microsatellites nanocomposites cosmicmicrowave background radiation nanosateHites thermocapillaPymigration nanosats Mindlin plate theory use nanosatellites use Mindlin plates nanotechnology Mindlin plates nanotubes Reissner-Mindlin plates nanotubules use Mindlin plates use nanotubes datamining proportional navigation XRayMulti-Mirror Mission NDVI (rernote sensing) use XMM--Newton telescope use normalized difference vegetation deformablemirrors index nebula mischmetai protosolar use solar nebula CONTOUR(mission) solar nebula use Cornet Nucleus Tour necrosis Mission DeepSpace1 Iridium network DS1(spacemission) XMM- Newton telescope use Deep Space 1 Mission Next Generation Space Telescope Genesismission project Mission MarsSurveyor2001 NGST project Mission Stardust use Next Generation Space Mission XRayMulti-Mirror Telescope project use XMM-Newton telescope flow noise Mission sat TropicalRainfallMeasuring normalized d#erence vegetation use TRMM satellite index Marsmissions Nozomi Mars Orbiter samplereturnmissions magnetic nozzles spectralmixture analysis chain reactions (nuclear physics) MJO (meteorology) Comet Nucleus Tour use Madden--Julian Oscillation Bond number MMH (chemistry) use monomethylhydrazines modified embedded atom method 0 use embedded atom method DestinyLaboratoryModule massive compact halo objects Unityconnectingmodule Laser Interferometer Zaryaconbolmodule Gravitational--Wave Observatory ZvezdaServiceModule use LIGO (observatory) LIGO use Service Module (ISS) (observatory) LISA (observatory) ServiceModule (ISS) extraterrestrial oceans USLaboratoryModule (ISS) planetary oceans use Destiny Laboratory Module use extraterrestrial oceans spacestationmodules satellite oceans [ransversemomentum use, extraterrestrial oceans healthandusagemonitoring systems 2001 Mars Odyssey use systems health monitoring commercial off-the-shelf products monolayers Langmuir systems= on-a-chip use monomolecular Iilms pilot opinion ratings monomethylhydrazines use pilot ratings motors piezoelectric 1ree-space optical communication MPD thrusters optical interconnects use rnagnetoplasmadynamic free=space optical interconnects thrusters FSOI (integrated optics) ICP-MS (spectrometry) use free-space optical interconnects use inductively coupled plasma ion optics mass spectrometry design optimization LA.-ICP--MS (spectrometry) shape optimization XRayMulti-Mirror Mission orbit determination use XMM-Newton telescope Mars Climate Orbiter carriersensemultiple access Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter mutagenesis use Mars Climate Orbiter

29 Orbiter

Nozorni Mars Orbiter rogue planets VOC (organic chernistry) use hypothetical planets use volatile organic compounds transplutonic planets volatile organic compounds use hypothetical planets Madden-Julian Oscillation Polar Plasma Laboratory quasi-- biennial oscillation use Polar/GGS spacecraft intraseasonal oscillations inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry use intraseasonal variations pulsed plasma thrusters osteoblasts dusty plasmas Mindlin plate theory use Mindlin plates P Mindlin plates Reissner-Mindlin plates pressure sensitive paints use Mindlin plates PSP (paints) Pleistocene epoch use pressure sensitive paints PML (electromagnetism) hypothetical particles use perfectly matched layers weakly interacting massive particles Polar/GGS spacecraft pathological cell death Mars Polar Lander use necrosis Polar Plasma Laboratory PDE (engines) use Polar/GGS spacecraft use pulse detonation engines dendritic polymers PDRE (engines) use dendrimers use pulse detonation engines EAP (polymers) PIDS (spectroscopy) use electroactive polymers use phototherrnal deflection electroactive polymers spectroscopy hyperbranched polymers PDWE (engines) use dendrimers use pulse detonation engines Population III stars perfectly matched layers random positioning machines Quaternary period use clinostats veins (petrology) PPT (rocket engines) Phaethon (hypothetical planet) use pulsed plasma thrusters use hypothetical planets pressoreceptor reflexes Laves phases use baroreflexes Phobos spacecraft pressoreceptors photoresists use baroreceptors photothermal deflection pressure sensitive paints spectroscopy preventive maintenance EAM (physical chernistry) use embedded atom method primordial stars use Population III stars M EAM (physical chemistry) use embedded atom method ultrasonic processing signal- processing---in-the-elerqent detectors chain reactions (nuclear physics) commercial off-the-shelf products sprites (atmospheric physics) HUT (physiology) COTS products use commercial off--the--shelf use head up tilt piezoactuators products use piezoelectric actuators Mars Surveyor 98 Program piezoelectric actuators Ukrainian space program piezoelectric motors field.- programmable gate arrays piezomotors programmed cell death use piezoelectric motors use apoptosis pilot opinion ratings Java (programming language) use pilot ratings Next Generation Space Telescope project pilot ratings NGST project PIT (rocket engines) use Next Generation Space use pulsed inductwe thrusters Telescope project Phaethon (hypothetical planet) SLW]- (propellant tank) use hypothetical planets use external tanks Planet-B spacecraft propellant tanks use Nozomi Mars Orbiter proportional navigation planet X fusion propulsion use hypothetical planets VASIMR (propulsion system) planetary oceans Lunar Prospector use extraterrestrial oceans proton-antiproton interactions exosolar planets protoplanetary disks use extrasolar planets protosolar nebula hypothetical planets use solar nebula

3O satellite

PSP (paints) renewable energy use pressure sensitive paints soft gamma repeaters pulse detonation engines Hall resistance pulse detonation wave engines spectral response use pulse detonation engines use spectral sensitivity pulsed arcjet engines sample return missions use pulsed jet engines Ringleb llow pulsed inductive thrusters Variable Specilic Irnpulse pulsed plasma thrusters Magneto#asma Rocket pursuit-evasion games use VASIMR (propulsion system) fiber pushout rocket-based combined--cycle engines electromagnetic rocket engines Q use plasma engines PIT (rocket engines) use pulsed inductive thrusters QBO (climatology) PPT (rocket engines) use quasi-biennial oscillation use pulsed plasma thrusters QHE (electronics) rogue planets use quantum Hall effect use hypothetical planets quantum communication Rossi X Ray -riming Explorer quantum computation use X Ray Timing Explorer quantum computers clinostat rotation quantum cornputing use clinorotation use quantum computation wave rotors quantum cryptography RXTE (satellite) quantum Hall effect use X Ray Timing Explorer quasi-biennial oscillation Quaternary period

R S cosmic microwave background radiation S-Z effect Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat use Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect use TRMM satellite sample return missions random positioning machines water sampling use clinostats Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission sat Cooper-Harper ratings use, TRIvIM satellite pilot ratings ACE satellite pilot opinion ratings use Advanced Composition Explorer use pilot ratings Envisat-1 satellite slenderness ratio Explorer 71 satellite use aspect ratio use Advanced Cornposition Explorer Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility Explorer 73 satellite use X Ray Astrophysics Facility use -riansition Region and Coronal X Ray Multi-Mirror Mission Explorer use XMM-Newton telescope Explorer 74 satellite Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer use Submillimeter Wave Astronomy use X Ray Timing Explorer Satellite Rayleigh fading Explorer 77 satellite RBCC engines use Far UV Spectroscopic Explorer use rocket- based combined-cycle Explorer 78 satellite engines use IMAGE satellite chain reactions (chemistry) FUSE (satellite) chain reactions (nuclear physics) use Far lJV Spectroscopic Explorer red sprites IMAGE satellite use sprites (atmospheric physics) RX]-E (sateffite) baroreceptor reflexes use X Ray Timing Explorer use baroreflexes Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite pressoreceptor reflexes SWAS (satellite) use baroreflexes use Submillimeter Wave Astronomy thermoacoustic refrigerators Satellite Transition Region and Coronal Explorer TRACE satellite Reissner--Mindlin plates use Transition Region and Coronal use Mindlin plates ---Explorer NDVl (remote sensing) TRMM satellite use normalized difference vegetation satellite oceans index use extraterrestrial oceans

31 satellites

Iridium satellites DS1 (space mission) use communication satellites use Deep Space 1 Mission Iridium network free.- space optical cornrnunication BiG- Savart law free- space optical interconnects scarf joints Ukrainian space program scene generation JSS (space station) indexing (information science) use International Space Station screech tones space station modules Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Next Generation Space Telescope project Sensor space tourism seaborgium space weather SeaWiFS AM-1 (EOS) spacecraft use Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view use Terra spacecraft Sensor EOS AM--1 spacecraft stellar seismology use Terra spacecraft use asteroseismology MGS (spacecraft) serf assembly use Mars Global Surveyor carrier sense multiple access Phobos spacecraft NDVl (remote sensing) Pianet-B spacecraft use normalized difference vegetation use Nozomi Mars Orbiter index Polar/GGS spacecraft pressure sensitive paints Terra spacecraft sensitivity analysis Wind/GGS spacecraft Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor spacewamks Service Module (ISS) use extravehicular activity Zvezda Service Module laser spark spectroscopy use Service Module (ISS) use laser-induced breakdown SGR (astronomy) spectroscopy use soft gamma repeaters Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasrna shape optimization Rocket cornmercial off-the- shelf products use VASIMR (propulsion system) Shergotty Nakhla Chassigny spectral mixture analysis meteorites spectral response use SNC meteorites use spectral sensitivity anticoincidence shields Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer use ant[coincidence detectors AMS (spectrometer) Shuttle SuperligMweight Tank use Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer use external tanks ICP-MS (spectrometry) propellant tanks use inductively coupled plasma signal-processing--in--the-elerT=er_t mass spectrometry detectors inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry use infrared detectors LA-ICP-MS (spectrometry) hardware-in-the-loop simulation use inductively coupled plasrna in--flight simulation mass spectrometry inflight simulation laser spark spectroscopy use in-flight simulation use laser-induced breakdown Mars landing sites spectroscopy web sites laser--induced breakdown spectroscopy use websites LASS (spectroscopy) slenderness ratio use laser-induced breakdown use aspect ratio spectroscopy SLWT (propellant tank) LIBS (spectroscopy) use external tanks use laser-induced breakdown propellant tanks spectroscopy SMA (irnage analysis) PDS (spectroscopy) use spectral mixture analysis use photothermal deflection smart materials spectroscopy SNC meteorites phototherrnal deflection spectroscopy SOAC (electronics) spiral bevel gears use systems-on-a-chip spreadsheets soft gamma repeaters SPRITE detectors solar nebula use infrared detectors sonochemistry red sprites use ultrasonic processing use sprites (atmospheric physics) Deep Space 1 Mission sprites (atmospheric physics) Laser Interferometer Space Antenna Stardust Mission use LISA (obsewatory) Population III stars

32 treatment

primordial stars video teleconferencing use Population Ill stars use video conferencing ISS (space station) XMM (telescope) use International Space Station use XMM-Ne,Mon telescope space station modules XMM-Newton telescope stellar seismology Next Generation Space Telescope project use asteroseisrnology tensegric structures stepped leaders use tensegrity structures associative storage tensegrity structures use associative memory tensile-integrity structures fuselage-wing stores use tensegrity structures use wing--fuselage stores Terra spacecraft electronic structure Iield tests Z1 truss structure hardware--in .-the--loop tests use Integrated -f?uss Structure Z1 use hardware-in-the-loop simulation Integrated Truss Structure Z1 in vitro methods and tests clamped structures in vivo methods and tests tensegric structures Euler-Berneulli beam theory use tensegrity structures use Euler-Bernoulli beams tensegrity structures Mindlin plate theory tensile-integrity structures use Mindlin plates use tensegrity structures thermal lenses Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite use thermal lensing thermal lensing zero sum games thermoacoustic effects Su nyaev---Zeldovich effect heaw fermion superconductors thermoacoustic refrigerators superhumps (astronomy) thermocapillary migration Shuttle Superlightweight Tank Hall thrusters use external tanks LFA thrusters propellant tanks use magnetoplasmadynamic Mars Global Surveyor thrusters Mars Surveyor 98 Lander Lorentz force accelerator thrusters use Mars Polar Lander use magnetoplasmadynamic Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter thrusters use Mars Climate Orbiter magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters Mars Surveyor 98 Program MPD thrusters Mars Surveyor 2001 Mission use magnetoplasmadynamic hindlirnbsuspension thrusters colloidal suspensions pulsed inductive thrusters use colloids pulsed plasma thrusters SWAS (satellite) head up tilt use Submillimeter Wave Astronomy time domain analysis Satellite finite dilference time domain method time synchronization time synchronization electrochemical synthesis Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer VASIMR (propulsion system) use X Ray-fiming Explorer health and usage monitoring systems tissue engineering use systems health monitoring Titan 4B launch vehicle heaw fermion systems screech tones rnicroelectremechanical systems total impulse uncertain systems Cornet Nucleus Tour systems---on-a-chip tourism space tourism TRACE satellite T use Transition Region and Coronal Explorer Gabor transformation Taguchi methods wing-body and tail configurations transition elements (chemistry) use transition metals use body-wing and tail configurations Transition Region and Coronal Shuttle Superlightweight Tank Explorer use external tanks transplutonic planets propellant tanks use hypothetical planets SLWT (propellant tank) very large transport aircraft use external tanks transverse momenturn propellant tan ks ultrasonic treatment group technology (marlufacturing) use ultrasonic processing

33 Trefftz

hybrid- Trefftz finite element method Sea- viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor use finite element method in vitro methods and tests Trefftz method in vivo methods and tests Trefftz method VLTA (aircraft) TRMM satellite use very large transport aircraft Trojan asteroids VOC (organic chemistry) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission use volatile organic compounds sat volatile organic compounds use TRMM satellite Voronoi diagrams Z1 truss structure use Integrated Truss Structure Zl Integrated Truss Structure Z1 W Josephson tunneling water sampling use Josephson effect Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite pulse detonation wave engines use pulse detonation engines U Laser Interferometer GravitationaF Wave Observatory use LIGO (observatory) Ukrainian space program wave rotors umtrasonic processing corrugated waveguides ultrasonic treatment dielectric waveguides use ultrasonic processing evanescent waves uncertain systems weakly interacting massive particles undercooling space weather use supercooling web sites Unity connecting module use websites hindlimb unloading websites use hindlimb suspension Sea -viewi ng Wide Field-of-view Sensor Darkstar unmanned aerial vehicle WiG vehicles use pilotless aircraft use wing--in-ground effect vehicles reconnaissance aircraft WiNd 2 comet head up tilt WIMPs (astronomy) US Laboratory Module (ISS) use weakly interacting massive use Destiny Laboratory Module particles health and usage monitoring systems Wind/GGS spacecraft use systems health monitoring wing-body and tail configurations use body-wing and tail configurations V wing---body configurations use body-wing configurations Variable Specific h-npuise blended- wing-body configurations Magnetoplasma Rocket flying wing configurations use VASIMR (propulsion system) use blended.-wing--body interannual variations configurations use annual variations nacelle wing configurations intraseasonal variations use wing nacelle configurations VASIMR (propulsion system) blended- wing-fuselage normalized difference vegetation index wing-in-ground effect vehicles Darkstar unrnanned aerial vehicle fuselage- wing stores use pilotless aircraft use wing--fuselage stores reconnaissance aircraft Delta 3 launch vehicle Delta 4 launch vehicle X Titan 4B launch vehicle VentureStar launch vehicle planet X X--37 vehicle use hypothetical planets X--43 vehicle )(-32 aircraft Long March launch vehicles X.---35aircraft WIG vehicles X.---37vehicle use wing-in-ground effect vehicles X-43 vehicle wing-in-ground effect vehicles Chandra X Ray Astrophysics Facility' Zenit launch vehicles use X Ray Astrophysics Facility veins (petrology) X Ray Multi-Mirror Mission VentureStar launch vehicle use XMM.-Nev4on telescope very large transport aircraft Rossi X Ray Timing Explorer video conferencing use X Ray Timing Explorer video teleconferencing XMM-Newton telescope use video conferencing XMM (telescope) Sea.-viewing Wide Field-of-- view Sensor use XMM-Newton telescope

34 Zvezda

Z

S-- Z effect use Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect Integrated Truss Structure Z1 Z1 truss structure use Integrated Truss Structure Z1 Zarya control module Sunyaev- Zeldovieh effect Zenit launch vehicles zero sum games Zvezda Service Module use Service Module (ISS)

35

NASA THESAURUS SUPPLEMENT

PART 3

CHANGES

No term changes or deletions were made during this period. Report Documentation Page

1. Report No. ] 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NASA/S£--2000-750 i/SUPPL7 J 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date NASA Thesaurus Supplement: A Three---Part Cumulat:ive Update July 2001 of the 1998 Edition of the NASA Thesaurus 6. Performing Organization Code AO

7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No.

...... 10. Work Unit No. g, Performing Organization Name and Address

NASA Scientific and Technical Information Progrmn Office 11. Contract or Grant No.

12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered National Aeronautics mid Space Administration Special. Publication

Langley Research Center 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Hampton, VA 23681

15. Supplementary Notes

16. Abstract The NASA Thesaurus Supplement is a cumulative update to the 1998 edition of the NASA Thesaurus (NASA/SP-1998-7501). The Supplement, published every 6 months, includes all new terms and associated hierarchies added since the cutoff for the 1998 edition (December 1997). Parts 1 and 2 (Hierarchical Listing and Rotated Term Display) con:espond to Volmnes 1 and 2 of the 1998 printed edition of the NASA Thesaurus. Definitions are included in Part 1; uppercase/lowercase forms are provided in both Parts 1 and 2. Part 3 is a list of deletions or changes to valid terms.

17. Key Words (Suggested by Author(s)) 18. Distribution Statement (Major) (Minor) Unclassified- Unlimited Thesauri Indexes (Documer_tadon) Subject Category - 82 Terminology ]Information Retrieval Terms Hierarchies Aeronautics Supplements Aerospace Sciences Astronautics Astro:nomy Dictionaries

19. Security Classif. (of this report) Unclassified 20. SecurityUnclassifiedClassif. (of this page) 21. No.48of Pages J 22, PriceA03

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