VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 1 IN STORIES

EDITORIAL

he Tercentenary of symbol of the sublimest sense of patriotism Shivaji ‘s Coronation is being and nationalism, and representative of the Tcelebrated all over the country ideal of political emancipation. Directing during the year that commenced on June the people, to adopt like Shivaji, every 2, 1974, and the present volume conceived means including the use of arms, methods as part of the celebrations is now brought of warfare and military strategy in the fight out as signifying their concluding phase. against alien oppression. Tilak pointed out It may be recalled that the idea of the to them, on the occasion of Shivaji’s coronation day celebration was first mooted coronation day celebration : “If thieves by Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak in 1886 enter our house and we have no strength as a symbolic expression of the aspiration to drive them out, we should, without of the people for sustained freedom and in hesitation, shut them and burn them alive. order to mark the beginning of New ’s God has not conferred upon the foreigners struggle for independence from what has the grant of the kingdom of Hindusthan.” been described as the rule of “the Mughals of the modern era.” The celebration, as It was an image revealed in the archives then suggested, came off in April 1896 at of history and re-shaped out of legend and Rajgarh, and sought to stress the truly tradition, and it served to bring Shivaji back nationalist, revolutionary and anti- to the modern peasant and worker as well imperialist direction regarded as necessary as to convince the intelligentsia of the need for the struggle and to provide the new for an organised fight for freedom. There movement for Swaraj with the dynamic is nothing incongruous in an image of inspiration of a popular, national hero. Shivaji, himself a ruler, the “:Chhatrapati”, Lokmanya Tilak, who used to visit serving as a source of revolutionary and every year and stay there for sometime to anti-imperialist inspiration for a fight against imbibe the spirit of Shivaji, firmly believed alien oppression. Shivaji had, in his own and declared that “The only consciousness days, risen above narrow affiliations of which we as a nation can proudly retain caste and community, broken the shackles and foster ought to have its springs in of class-consciousness and defended Hindutva.” Hence he rightly saw and shared masses against all forms of exploitation. with his compatriots, the appropriateness We have it on record that he had even to of projecting the image of Shivaji as a fight his own kith and kin and the Jagirdars, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 2 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Patels and Deshmukhs who were thriving conquest and domination. It was Shivaji on the inams granted by Badshahs. It who made the people, the sons of the soil, would not, therefore, be surprising to know re-awaken to a sense of unity forged that a revolutionary like Vasudeo Balwant spontaneously by bonds of a time- Phadke, acclaimed as among the first to honoured concept of nationalism. The call raise the banner of armed struggle in 1878 for unity was in the name of “Hindvi against British Imperialism in India, issued Swaraj” , which implied free and un- a manifesto in his name signing it as “Shivaji hampered self-determination of a people the Second.” with a heritage dating back to the ancient seers of the land and a culture moulded in the light of their vision and by the power of their penance.

Moghul conquest was the chief political feature about the time of the birth of Shivaji. The trail of destruction, through fire and plunder, that the Moghul armies left behind, as they advanced in conquest, the religious discrimination by the Muslim rulers and the harassment to which the natives of the land, the Hindus, were subjected, all resulted in great discontent, social and religious. Contemporary conditions grew so desperate and everyone was in such a state of helpless expectancy that all thoughts turned towards the advent of a deliverer. The man of destiny was Shivaji, born in February 1630 in the hill- fort of , where his mother Jija Bai had to be left for safety. That is the setting into which we see Shivaji the Grat ushered as an infant.

The tree of Hinduism is not really dead, The Tercentenary is thus a tribute of a that it can rise from beneath the seemingly nation to one of its most outstanding crushing load of centuries of political heroes for having roused it from a state of bondage ; that it can put forth new leaves semi-slumber and infused into it the and branches. It can lift up its head to courage and dynamism needed to stand the skies,” writes Jadunath Sarkar, in Shivaji up and arrest the advancing tide of Moghul and His Times. He further points out that, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 3 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Intensely religious from his very boyhood and legends. The legend as it appeals to by instinct and training alike, he remained the modern mind is happily not divorced all through his life abstemious, free from from history. vice, respectful to holy men, passionately fond of hearing scripture readings and “Study the life of Shivaji and you will find sacred stories and songs.” According to him a nation-maker, instead of a marauder, Vincent Smith, “Indeed, it is safe to affirm as the Europeans represent him,” says that his religious zeal was the most potent Swami Vivekananda, the patriot-monk of factor in arousing the sentiment of India. We have here endeavoured to nationality which inspired his lowly present in the form of a narrative, marked countrymen to defy the Moghul Legions.” by a certain sequence of incidents (as it However, as Sarkar has rightly stressed, moves from chapter to chapter), the whole “Religion remained with him an ever-fresh course of Shivaji’s illustrious career in a fountain of right conduct and generosity, brief campass. The trend would be seen it did not obsess his mind nor harden him to be almost unbroken, even if some of into a bigot.” By all accounts, Shivaji’s the chapters are selected, culled out and personal life was marked by a superior strung together, as for instance those that standard of morality and deep spiritual appear under the titles, “Refrain”,. fervour. Here indeed was not only a warrior “Crescendo”, and “Closing strains”, included and administrator, but one who was devoted in the opening, middle and concluding as a son, attentive as a husband, and a sections of the volume with a view to unique exemplar of duty as a father. providing a compre-hensive picture of the Historians, poets, novelists, bards and play- entire ground. What we have offered here writes have painted the picture of this is neither just history nor just legend. It is medieval India’s outstanding hero in a blend of both, so that the legends that resplendent hues. And the image of Shivaji are narrated are rooted in facts of history. is regarded today as a blend of history VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 4 SHIVAJI IN STORIES SHIVAJI - SYMBOL OF NATIONAL RENAISSANCE IN STORY Prof. K.N.VASWANI

hatever the faults of the Shivaji Stories Indian people, they have one W great quality , they know how True of this great, glorious tradition of our to honour their heroes, heroes of their people, the great, impressive, dynamic and History, who have brought honour to their heroic figure of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Nation, glory to the Motherland, lived and too has attracted and inspired our people, died honourably and heroically, exemplifying our poets and our writers, in the interest the ideals and values of which the of our people, to fire them with idealism, Motherland is the sacred symbol, the energy and fervour, with zeal for national cultural values which are the heritage and service and the spirit of nation-building, the legacy of the Motherland, which it is to weave many stories around some or the the mission of the Motherland to contribute other of the many exploits and adventures to the cultural whole of humanity. Yes, the of Shivaji Maharaj, a hero among men, an simple, gentle, mild and sincere people of ideal son of an ideal mother, Jija Bai, an our great Motherland, Bharat Varsh, it has exemplary pupil, a devoted disciple of his been conceded by all, including many Guru Samarth Ramdas, a fit friend and true, foreign writers, thinkers and historians, a soldier and a commander of ability, skill, have an extraordinary, exceptional, unique and judgement, quick in his judgements, capacity, nay a genius for myth-making, quick in his movements, a master of guerilla for creation of stories and legends, round warfare, which is now being made so much their national heroes, which have the of, even by that successful master of beneficial effect of sustaining the people warfare, Mao of China, and which had won in the period of their national adversity for Shivaji the strange appellation and and peril, when they are down-cast and description of ‘the mountain rat’, which depressed due to tyranny or oppression or epithet can be interpreted as it has already apathy or inertia, and also the effect of been interpreted by different historians, exhilarating, enthusing and even inspiring differently, both as a compliment as also them to action through a re-awakening of as a slight or a caricature. pride in their past and faith in their future, which incline them, then, to break the Yes, Shivaji has fired the imagination of bones of depression and apathy, and plunge our people, as of our poets and writers, as into heroic and harmonious action, once a national hero, held high in esteem, as a again to add a new glorious chapter to the nation builder, a dreamer of the dream of heroic history of their Motherland. the Hindu Nation, a daring and fearless and far-slighted freedom-fighter, who also was successful in many ways even as an able VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 5 SHIVAJI IN STORIES administrator and a founder of the great Shivaji was as good as his word and later State which challenged the mighty attacked Shaista Khan in the Rang Mahal, Moghul Empire and re-asserted and revived whence he had to flee for his dear life. the spirit of Hindu Independence and re- invigorated the spirit of India, preparing it On another occasion, the story is told that for its re-efflorescence and renaissance the Ashta went with gifts to by regaining for it a consciousness of its Tukaram to implore him to come to the inner, inherent power, its past glory and its court, but it told Tukaram had no use for future destiny. gifts or the court, and wrote :

Stories of Dedication and Humility : “Touches, umbrellas, steeds, - what be Tukaram and Ramdas these to me? Lord of Pandari, why seek to ensnare me From among the many moving stories of thus? Shivaji, of heroism, adventure, dedication, Pomps and vanities are to me as dust and humility, daring, fearlessness, defiance, ashes shrewdness, skilled statesmanship, Hasten, O Lord, to my help, saint Tukaram, devotion, chivalry and so many other the bard.” qualities of Shivaji, and so many different aspects of his character and achievements Tukaram is also reported to have written : and exploits, we shall briefly glance at just “Why come to thy court? Why weary a few, a very small but significant sample myself with a fruitless pilgrimage? Alms from this invaluable and ever-growing and are my support, cast-off rags my garment, ever-inspiring treasure. Here are some. stone my bed, the sky my covering. Why then ask thy help? It is but wasted time. It is best to begin with Tukaram (1608- The King is the fountain of honour, but 1649) and Ramdas (1608-1681) stories – honours give no peace to the soul. This stories of Shivaji’s spirit of dedication and then is my last message to thee. The humility. Truly touching is the story that mendicant’s life is best for me. Do now tells of Shaista Khan having captured one thing : Grow not weary of well-doing : Poona and forbidden entry into it without invite me not. Do this and my heart finds a permit and yet how Shivaji risked his life peace. I need not visit thee, for life is by passing the sentries and entering the short.” And again : “There is one Truth in town to attend a Kirtan of songs of his the World : there is one Soul in all Being. beloved poet Tukaram. Meanwhile Shaista Pin thy Faith to this Soul, see thyself Khan had challenged him to come down to mirrored in Ramdas. Do this, O Prince, and the plains and fight like a man. ‘You hide thou and the whole world shalt be blessed away in the hills,’ he taunted him, ‘like a therein, thy fame will pervade the Universe, monkey.’ ‘Yes,’ replied Shivaji, ‘but saint Tuka.” The story is told that finding remember, it was the monkeys, which that he could not get Tukaram to come to destroyed Ravana and all his host!’ And the court, Shivaji went to visit him : the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 6 SHIVAJI IN STORIES following lines are said to have been ask alms, Shivaji, in utter humility and uttered by Tukaram on this occasion : “King surrender, fell at his feet and made over Shivaji, listen to me. Fix thy mind on his Empire to him. Ramdas accepted the Ramdas : Ramdas is thy teacher, thy sage, gift but returned it to Shivaji, saying that go prostrate before him.” henceforth he must regard his kingdom as held in trust for God, and himself not a History as Story king but a trustee. In token whereof, Shivaji adopted the “Bhagva Jhenda” Shivaji, so the story goes, adopted Ramdas ‘Saffron Banner’, as his standard in view of as his spiritual preceptor, about 1650. This the saffron robe of the mendicant. year may not be certain, as even the year of Shivaji’s birth, 1627, is given by some The story is also told that after meeting as 1630, which makes one recall that all Ramdas, Shivaji wished to renounce the history is really a story, as re-constructed world and become his disciple, but Ramdas by historians from whatever dates, facts, wrote for him the following : “Gods and episodes, they can collect and of how they cows, Brahmins and Faith, these are to be piece them together or interpret them. protected, therefore God has raised you “”Others abide our question, but thou art up.” “Kings should fulfil their kingly office ; free” has been said about Shakespeare due warriors the duties of a soldier ; Brahmins to uncertainty also about him, not only should perform their religious functions, the year of his birth, but his very existence each according to his station.” “When and identity -–Was Bacon Shakespeare ? the Faith is dead, death is better than life - has been one of the questions in English : Why live, when religion has perished?” Literary History. In our own Indian History, “Gather the Marathas together, make in the recent past, we know that despite religion live again : Our fathers laugh at us a number of Government and other from Heaven !” “Discrimination, Prudence, Committees and Commissions, the date and Action, these be thy virtues; Rama killed year and even the fact of Netaji’s death Ravana by the aid of the Lord of Tulja. are still undetermined, thus indicating again Tulja Bhavani conferred her blessing on how history and story mingle even in the Rama. To her Ramdas prays.” modern period – the same would be even more true of the past, including Shivaji and Other stories his times. Some historians have described “history as a mixture of poetry and Countless are these stories connected with philosophy,” to use the words of Macaulay. Shivaji – there are stories also connected with his coronation at Raigad, the Gibraltar Ramdas Story of the East, as it is called, where he was To resume the story of Ramdas, the story also cremated (5th April, 1680), as he had goes that in 1655 (according to some of been crowned (6th June, 1674) in the the year is 1676), when Ramdas, according presence of Gaga Bhatt, a renowned to the practice of mendicants, came to Shastri from Benares, how 50 thousand VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 7 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Brahmins were then fed for a week, The took his son to pay his respects to the episode of Afzal Khan, with its different Sultan. Within the Durbar hall the Sultan versions by historians, itself has become a of Bijapur sat on a throne. As the courtiers story, even as the famous story of his in turn approached the throne, they escape from ’s court in a basket prostrated themselves bowing their turbans of sweets for distribution in charity to the to carpet. Shahaji followed their example. poor and his presence back at the feet of But his young son, without bowing saluted his mother Jija Bai in the disguise of Bairagi. the Sultan with Maratha Salaam, such as There is the story of the heroic defence of he had seen his own people greet their the Rangana Ghat (1660) by a thousand superiors in villages of the hill country – strong Mavalas under Baji Prabhu, Shivaji’s simple, manly gesture of raising both hands former foe, turned into his devoted officer with palms together to the level of thin. and brave supporter who himself was As Shivaji could not be persuaded to deeply wounded and died in this defence, approach the Sultan’s throne in the which, not without justice, has been prescribed manner, his act was a ‘piece of compared to battle of Thermopylae. obstinate defiance’, and it was only the high favour, which Shahaji enjoyed at court, There are stories of the sack of Surat which saved Shivaji from punishment.” (1664 and 1670), Ahmednagar, History has however shown that this was Aurangabad, Golconda, and the foreign a symbolic and even a historic action, for settlements and Karwar and Hubli, and after Shivaji was destined to be the Grand Rebel, Shivaji’s coronation ceremony (June 6, the symbol and embodiment of the spirit 1674) the narrative of Dr.Fryer, who had of an ancient and proud people re- met and recorded the impressions of his awakening and re-asserting themselves. Embassy representatives who had attended the coronation ceremony and were seeking Shivaji : The Fact, Significant as permission to trade in safety and peace at Mohen-Jo-Daro or Gandhi Surat, Karwar, Hubli,etc., and the story of how Shivaji granted an interview to the Shivaji is a fact to be reckoned with, a English Embassy. phenomenon to be explained. He cannot just be explained away, as many Muslim, Story of Defiance English and Marxist historians would have liked. He has happened ; it needs It seems worthwhile to recount here the explaining, how and why, and cannot just following significant story of Shivaji’s early be explained away. He is an inescapable, days – his boyhood – as it proves how significant, vital part of human, heroic, childhood shows the man. This story is national history, even like Mohen-Jo-Daro, given in the book, The Grand Rebel : Shivaji, even like Gandhi. His emergence and Founder of the , by Dennis impact like those of Mohen-Jo-Daro and Kincaid, and underlines how Shivaji was a Gandhi have to be accepted in their full born rebel. Here goes the story : “Shahaji meaning, their real significance as giving a VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 8 SHIVAJI IN STORIES new meaning to the history of Hindustan, Russian History, without Peter the Great, nay the history of not only the Hindu Tolstoy, Lenin and even Stalin ? What will people, but also the stories of national be History of Italy, without Mazzini, revival and growth everywhere. Garibaldi, Cavour and even Mussolini? What the German History without Frederick the Great, Bismarck and even Hitler? Yes, what will be Chinese History, without Confucius, Latoze and Buddhism and without Sanyat Sen and Mao and Communism and even Chiang Kai Shek?, Or the History of Vietnam without Ho-Chi-Minh? Or Pakistan without Jinnah?, Or Egypt without Zaghlol Pasha and Nasser? Or Turkey without Khalifa and Kamal Pasha?

Shivaji: The Force , Liberating Inspiring Nation-Making

Historians and writers, whether Moslem, English or even Marxists have had to concede the greatness of Shivaji, as a force, a liberating force, as a national force, as a nation-making, nation-building force, of exceptional strength and power, an inspiring power, a sustaining power, a power of renaissance and renewal, that recreates a people, infuses a new life in them, and enables them to march on once again, on their journey of never-ending pilgrimage to fulfil their Divinely destined goal to play their proper role in the history of the World.

The Mystery of History

It is one of the mysteries of History how a For, what really is History, but the Story of Shivaji, a Lokmanya Tilak, a Swami Nations, story of their great men, their Dayananda, a Ramakrishna Vivekananda, heroes? What will be American History, Aurobindo, Ramana Maharshi, Gandhi and without Washington, Lincoln and even even Nehru emerge at a Particular moment, Roosevelt and Kennedy? What will be in the history of a people and a country, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 9 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and re-vitalise a people, give a direction, officers and men – these are, surely, no and infuse new life into the flagging current light virtues.” of the force of their life, so that the current becomes more active and alive, and To some of us Indians, there may appear resumes its onward journey instead of in this writing something of a grudging becoming and ending as a stagnant pool. tribute, a touch of condescension, a hit Shivaji has been hailed as a hero of Hindu as if twentieth century standards were History, nay the history of Hindustan, in higher – twentieth century practices, we this high, special sense, and not only by all know, are not higher – what Germans Hindu historians or Indian writers, but by did to the Jews, the Russians and Chinese others, even Muslim, English, and even have been doing to their own people, the Marxist historians and writers, who have Americans to the Negroes in America and had to concede his undoubted and proven to the Vietnamese in Vietnam, and what greatness, as something exceptional and even we have done to each other, are all extraordinary, even unique. Whenever a happenings in history, too recent to be copy of the Holy Koran came into his hands, forgotten. he treated it with respect, and gave it to some of his Musalman followers. When the Rawlinson adds : “Shivaji was a sincerely women of any Hindu or Mohammedan were religious man. He believed himself to be taken prisoners by his men, and they had constantly guided and inspired by Goddess no friends to protect them, he watched Bhavani. He was the disciple of Ramdas over them till their relations came. and an admirer of the saintly Tukaram. His Rawlinson writes : “Shivaji’s respect for devotion to his parents, especially to his women was so well-known that on more mother Jija Bai, was proverbial. He that one occasion Muhammedans escaped organised the army that shattered the from the sack of a town by dressing in in the height of its power.” women’s clothes.” Rawlinson concludes : “We still see the fruits of the organising genius of Shivaji.” Rawlinson, Englishman that he is, further He has further said that the British Land writes : “Shivaji must not be judged by Administration System was based on twentieth century western standards. He Shivaji’s. He has also praised the Civil was, according to the ethics of his age System introduced by Shivaji as in and nation, a brave and chivalrous man. essentials the same as that of the Mauryas, His was a dark and violent age but his hands and said the British too adopted Shivaji’s were not stained, like those of Aurangazeb, though it is so-called ‘bureaucracy’, which with the blood of his kindred. He was never it is a fashion to criticise but it ‘is really deliberately or wantonly cruel. To respect indigenous’ to the soil and probably more women, Mosques, and non-combatants, to suited to the needs of the Eastern people stop promiscuous slaughter after a battle that any form of representative to release and dismiss with honour captured Government, - the Districts were managed by village and district officials and the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 10 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Central Government consisted of the Heads his book, in the interest of ‘a socio- of Departments, who formed a cabinet – it economic revolutions’, to Shivaji’s Mavals, was called the Ashta Pradhan or Council who were his main and most loyal and of eight and directed the Policy of the devoted supporters in his campaigns, is State in general. driven to concede : “How to apply the maxims of materialistic development of Shivaji’s Personal Appearance society to the static Indian society, is the problem. The non-applicability of laws of Rawlinson describes Shivaji in the following economic determinism makes rise of Shivaji words : In appearance, Shivaji was a to power a puzzle in history. How could typical Maratha. He was short and slight, he exhibit a secular conduct in his relations with long arms, small hands, an aquiline with the religious communities in that nose, a pointed beard, and a fair medieval age? How could he inspire that complexion. He had piercing eyes, and a masses against the privileged sections of resolute face, handsome and intelligent, society, whom they suffered in meek but hard and feline. He was an excellent subjection, just at the time of his birth?” swordsman and horseman, of wonderful endurance, and pleasing and frank manner. “These and the like are the questions that Of his personal character, many estimates cannot be answered either through of a most diverse nature, have been speculation of spiritualism or through the formed. Grant Duff speaks of him ‘as an cognates of dialectical materialism. The assassin and freebooter’, and so also many principles of equality and fraternity came other English writers. But even Grant Duff in action after a full century of his death, has had to concede that ‘his claim to high and socialism to come in active operation rank in the pages of history must be took more than two centuries. These admitted.’ Dennis Kincaid has compared questions are difficult to answer. Mysticism Shivaji’s role to that of Frederick the Great, cannot have any place in the formulation in Germany, and to Garibaldi’s in the history of scientific history. Scientific thinking must of Italy. govern the historic thought. But the means of scientific thinking in construction of Marxists find Shivaji Shivaji’s history do not appear within sight “A Riddle in History” to lay hands on. Will Shivaji continue to be a riddle in History?” K.L.Mahaley of the Department of History, Amravati, in his book Shivaji, The Error of ‘Marxists’ and ‘Moderns’ Pragmatist, following the fashion of the Marxist interpretation of History, and ‘Marxists’ and the so-called ‘Moderns’, are seeking to examine the fact and bound to get confused and find many a phenomenon of Shivaji, to find in it any fact and phenomenon of History, ancient traces of class war, or rise of the exploited and even modern, “a puzzle and a riddle”, against the exploiting classes, dedicating for they have read but forgotten : “There VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 11 SHIVAJI IN STORIES are more things in heaven and hell than more truthfully. For Truth is more than are known to their philosophy”, materialist Science, and embraces more than mere and modern. There are spiritual forces more facts : And History is whatever really powerful than material ; men live not by moves the people, and not mere events bread alone, and are motivated not merely but also ideas and dreams, and even by economic forces, but are willing to fight certainly stories of great men and national and die for ‘the ashes of our fathers and heroes, like Shivaji and Gandhi. the temples of our Gods’. Story of Shivaji’s Chivalry Deeper Currents of History Shivaji and Gandhi It seems appropriate to conclude this bunch of thoughts on Shivaji, with a story of his The soul of a people, the spirit of chivalry, typical of his respect for women, Renaissance of a people, is something more derived from his reverence for his mother than or subtler than what seems on the Jija Bai, - the most formative influence of surface, something gross or material, simply his life, which made him what he was, the historical or factual, - it is something embodiment of the best in his Hindu cultural spiritual, something finer, and therefore heritage. more powerful and seemingly inexplicable, in terms of the usual, conventional Here is the story, as given in Rawlinson’s explanations. To this category belong the Shivaji : The Maratha – His Life and Times. emergence of Shivaji and Gandhi and their Soon after Shivaji had way-laid the convoy impact on history and on the millions and carrying treasure from Kalyan from the masses that are moved by these nation- Muhammedan Governor Maulana Ahmed, to souls, in whom the millions discover and Bijapur and captured the treasure, one of greet their national soul, their spiritual Shivaji’s officers, Abaji Sondev, identity. These persons – despite emboldened by Shivaji’s success, attacked historians, their formulas and criteria, Kalyan itself, captured the Governor and Marxist or other interpretations – inspire his family and took the town. “Abaji sent the people, as they inspire writers and to Shivaji the daughter-in-law of Maulana poets, to weave stories around them : and Ahmed, a young women of striking grace these people, then inspired by these and beauty. Shivaji behaved like a gallant embodiments of the national heritage, soldier to his captives. The great Maratha, epitomes of the national culture and on seeing her, merely remarked with a laugh incarnations of the National Soul, give the that had his mother been half so beautiful, nation a new age of the renaissance of he himself might have been a little less the best in its values, its culture. Shivaji ugly, and dispatched her, with every in the 17th century, as Gandhiji in the 20th respect, to her relations. This chivalrous century, can only be adequately attitude towards women (who according appreciated in this light, historically, or to the ethics of the day were the property poetically, in fact scientifically and even of their captor) immensely increased VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 12 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji’s prestige.” As mentioned earlier, enemies and encomiums even from such this trait of Shivaji, has been testified to historians as Muhammad Hashim, better even by Khafi Khan, Aurangazeb’s historian, known as Khafi Khan, and Grant Duff, both though he has said of Shivaji : “He was of whom have been quoted earlier. distinguished in his tribe for courage and intelligence ; and for craft and trickery he Ranade’s Shivaji was reckoned, a sharp son of the devil, Rawlinson has complained that “the late the father of fraud.” justice Ranade’s brilliant little essay on The Rise of the Maratha Power (Bombay) 1912) Beauty and Significance of Shivaji in is spoilt by the author’s exaggerated views Story and History on his hero’s merits and achievements.” For this very reason, the Indian reader may It is clear thus that Shivaji has not only find Ranade’s Rise of the Maratha Power been celebrated in story and song by really rewarding reading, and so the writer writers and poets – Hindus and Indians, - commends it to every reader, specially on who hailed him as a national hero, symbol the significant occasion of the nation-wide of a Nation’s renaissance, a people’s celebration of Chhatrapati Shivaji’s resurgence, but he really had noble traits coronation, so that our hearts may fill with of character, and heroic qualities of a sense of elation and pride at Shivaji’s courage and valour and devotion to Goddess abilities and achievements, and also induce Bhavani and to the common people, which in us a sense of devotion for the service not only endeared him to the people, of the Motherland, which animated his noble inspiring the devoted loyalty of the heart and makes of him a truly worthy and Mavalas to him, who fought under the memorable figure, of which the Nation is command, with fire, faith and power, but justly proud. which compelled admiration even from his VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 13 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

A MONK’S REMINISCENCES KESHAV KRIPA

HUS incident dates back seventy utter such falsehood against him? This is years. It was a beautiful moonlit the outcome of your reading Indian History Tnight. Sitting on the verandah of a written by foreigners who had no sympathy bungalow on the South Beach of Madras, for your society, no respect for your hoary a youthful Sannyasi was singing a song in culture and traditions, but had the sole tune with the roar of the waves. aim of building an Empire in this country. You imitate and repeat like a parrot these “As a forest-fire is to the forest, a leopard distortions of history ! to the deer herds, a lion to the stately elephant, the Sun to the darkness of the “In fact, a universal prayer had gone up night, and what Krishna was to Kamsa, so before the advent of this great man. Our is King Shivaji, a King among Kings, to the seers and saints eagerly awaited his arrival hordes of Mlechhas.” The song poured to deliver them from the cruel clutches of forth in all its sublimity. the foreigners. He came to this world at such a critical hour, put an end to Adharma What is this? Swamiji uninhibitedly praising and established Dharma. He was an this “highway robber !” The disciple of the incarnation of Lord Shiva! He was endowed Swamiji could contain himself no longer. with all the great and noble qualities He interrupted the Swamiji excitedly and exemplified in our great epics. Is there a asked : “Swamiji ! What is this? How can greater hero, a nobler soul, a greater a holy person like you praise such a thief, devotee and a greater King than him ? He a cheat and a murderer. With a handful of personified in himself this country’s soul rabble-rousers did he not indulge in loot force. He was the torch bearer of the and all kinds of mischief?” The Swamiji resurgent future of Bharath !” On and on immediately stopped singing, his face red went the Swamiji’s voice.The disciple was with indignation. He thundered “Shame stunned ! He felt very small, so foolish on you! How can you say such unbecoming and so ignorant ! He said in a low tone : words about a great hero and a “Swamiji ! Please enlighten us about this Dharmatma? At a time when our Dharma great man and rid us of our mis- and Samskriti (culture) were on the brink conceptions.” of ruin, when our entire society was on the verge of extinction, when the noblest The Sannyasin began to depict the life of in the land had to undergo untold indignities, this great man in his melodious voice and he descended as the much-awaited inimitable style. He took his listeners back deliverer and established Dharma and to the living memories of the events saved our Society. How dare any one ofhistory that happened 250 years ago. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 14 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

Hours rolled by. Nobody stirred. That has recorded for posterity these youthful Sannyasin was none other than reminiscences in the Vedanta Kesari. It Swami Vivekananda, who was the torch- was at the house of Bhattarcharji that this bearer of the resurgent modern Bharat. illuminating incident took place. Dr.M.C.Nanjunda Rao was the disciple who

He has a name

THE room was dark with drawn shutters, gleaming oil lamps purifying fires rising from the sacrificial offering filled the room with an ethereal air. At times the watching faces of the priests was startlingly clear and sometimes veiled in the translucent curtain of the ascending smoke that rose like a prayer. Jija Bai lay silent and at rest. She felt the absence of her husband. The ceremonies at the birth of a Hindu boy are numerous, as at all other occasions in the drama of Hindu life, where the chief actor is the father.

As was the custom among the Maharashtrians, some loving hands laid the babe in a winnowing fan, kissed his head in benediction and let a drop of honey fall through the circlet of a gold ring into its mouth, thus symbolically invoking the sweetness of life on the new born. Days rolled on in quick succession. For Jija Bai it had been a mixture of bitter-sweetness. Bitterness at the absence of her husband, tempered by the sweetness of all that a new mother experiences at the sight of her little new arrival. Each day would have brought out its own calendar of events, as the young one’s quick senses responded to the environment and beauty around. The gurgles and helpless flaying of tiny hands and legs were a sheer rhythm of movement under the loving gaze of the mother.

Soon after the birth ceremony come others. The most important one is the christening at which the newcomer is to be assigned a name. The mother’s heart beat in excitement as the moment arrived. Dressed in all her finery she held her trembling little mass on her lap. Through the fading mists of the past and the dim horizons of the future the mother recognized the Goddess Bhavani, as she stood before her chosen instrument. A gleam of recognition lit up the young mother’s countenance ; she who had sought Her blessings bent and whispered the name ‘Shiva’ into the tiny ears. That was Her name and that was what Jija Bai chose to call her baby. He is now known to all as Shivaji – the name that came as a gift from Divine. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 15 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

TRICENTENARY COMMEMORATES HIS CORONATION

huge procession was winding among the Hindus unscrupulous and greedy a long the cause-way. The day behaviour only prevailed. The canker of A was the 5th of June. A mass of casteism was eating into the vitals of heads bobbed up and down while deafening society. Father and son, brother and roars broke the stillness of the morning. brother rose against each other. This man who lived in mountain hideouts unified these “What are these people exulting about?” warring brothers and parents, gathered asked Jim McGraw who was in India for a them under a banner that recognised no holiday. other distinction than the brotherhood of man, fought no evil but injustice and “Oh, that !” said Apte. “Their exultation reigned supreme for sometime.” dates back to the days of Shivaji. Today they are hearkening to the time when Jim : “But that was three hundred years Shivaji ruled over three ago? Why all this fuss now? Many men centuries ago. They call it the Tri- have come and gone, more so in India. Centenary Celebrations of Shivaji !” Who is responsible for the revival of his name and what was its purpose ?” Jim : “From what you say I guess he must have ruled over Maharashtra three hundred Apte : “You are asking a question that that years ago. Right ? Many such rulers must will bring out a response which may not be have come and gone. Why this fuss over palatable for various reasons.” him?” Jim : “I insist. The bare truth is what I Apte : “Volumes of history lie behind this want. The twentieth century with all its question of yours. Yes, Shivaji was an barriers down and all truths bared to a uncommon man and a very special King. point makes our senses ready to absorb His rule was one that Indians will remember anything. I am sure you have nothing to with gratitude.” fear. I know why you are hesitating. It is, perhaps, a reference to the British rule in Jim : “Why ?” India that you are trying to withhold. Have no fear of hurting my feelings. I am eager Apte : “Many are the reasons that could to hear.” be given for this. At the time when he came to the throne, India was broken into Apte : “Precisely, friend, that is what I fragments, ruled by unscrupulous deputies wanted to avoid. After all, the past is of the Moghul Emperor at Delhi. Even dead. Resurrections of this crucifixion of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 16 SHIVAJI IN STORIES a nation and the ghastly torments it had never bent their knees before insolent undergone, - these were what I wanted might, and it was time they took up arms.” to avoid, but now that you insist, here I Jim : “Oh ! Is this not the same Lokamanya give. As you know, the English came to Tilak, famous for his Gita Rahasya?” this land as traders but later taking advantage of the prevailing dissensions Apte : “Jim, you surprise me with your among the local chiefs, they took on the knowledge of the literary accomplishments role of peace makers and ultimately of Tilak. It may interest you to know that established themselves as rulers. In this the very Gita Rahasya you speak of was they broke many promises, resorted to written while he was confined as a political questionable means and ground down a prisoner in Mandalay.” nation that was already prostrate. Centuries of attack and foreign rule had Jim : “I would like to know something more made the Indians lose courage and about this Shivaji. From what I gather, it confidence. Complete submission to all seems that India was, in a similar state of indignities was the order of the day. chaos as when the British landed on Indian Revolts were put down ruthlessly by a soil. Though born in this small state of power that had come asking for permission Maharashtra, he was first an Indian and to trade. Out of this bruised, broken nation then only a Maharashtrian. Rare, these there arose a few, who questioned the days, when each state is fighting for its right of an alien people to rule over the autonomy ! The welfare of the name was natives with such brutality. The nation as his greatest duty, and caste and don’t- a whole had lost all. The past was as touchism were even then prevalent, and much dead as the future seemed to be Shivaji had done his bit in establishing unreal. It was at such a time that a son equality and brotherhood of man !” of Maharashtra rose up and gave to Indians a national ideal in Shivaji. He fostered the Apte : Wait Jim, turn over the pages of cult of Nationalism, among the masses by this journal, and there you will find all that organising Ganapathi Pooja and Shivaji you want to know of Shivaji, set out for festival. He redeemed this great King from you in colourful medieval splendour. The the dust of two centuries, repainted him Maratha legions will thunder across the in vivid colours and set him up to let Indians pages once more reconstructing and re- know that from ancient times Indians had enacting the heroism of bygone years. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 17 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE VISION AND THE PROPHECY

ADHAV RAO gave a house party led by his own wife would not hear of the which was akin to holding a marriage of their daughter to someone of Jminiature Darbar. As head of the such unequal rank.Matters took a serious house and host of noble rank, he sat on a turn when Jadhav Rao tried to explain it all high chair with his guests around him, away, for Maloji claimed the alliance with among whom was Maloji, favourite cavalry Jadhav Rao’s house stating that the officer. The boy Shahaji, then aged five, pronouncement was made in a full house stood next to his father. of noblemen. Thus it could never be withdrawn. The boy was a handsome lad and caught Jadhav Rao’s eye. Jadhav Rao beckoned Even though it was Lakhuji Jadhav himself to the young boy to come over and sit on who first put Maloji on the ladder of his right knee. A moment later his little success, on which he rose in rank and in daughter came running towards her father the Nizam Shah’s favour, the members of and sat upon his other knee. The father Jadhav Rao’s household, more particularly looked fondly upon the pair. Jadhav Rao the women, and chiefly his wife, were in asked the young girl in jest whether she no mood to subscribe to an inter-marriage would have the boy for her husband, and between their respective houses. Equality when she nodded her head, he turned to of rank, in so far as marriage was the company assembled around and made concerned, had to be supported by equality the lordly gesture of saying they would at the time of birth, the women said. They make a fine couple. saw no harm in the boy Shahaji, Maloji’s son, playing with their three-year-old Interpreting this to be the wish of their daughter, Jija Bai. Yet it was clearly lord and benefactor and regarding it as the understood by the women of Jadhav Rao’s highest compliment to themselves, Maloji house that such familiarity should never and Vithoji stood up and ceremoniously be construed as evidence of social equality accepted the betrothal proposal for between the two families. Shahaji, as suggested by Jadhav Rao. There was no levity or jest in their Having to choose between an irate wife acceptance. The spectators assented in and a dependent with wounded pride, equal seriousness, to the embarrassment Jadhav Rao had no option but to try and and astonishment of Jadhav Rao, who now get out of the commitment by rebuking saw he had gone too far. The Maloji for his insolence. Therefore, it is embarrassment grew to near rebellion in said, he forthwith ordered his clerk to draw Jadhav Rao’s household, where the women, up the account of the monies due to Maloji VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 18 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and Vithoji and to pay them off with notice As the days of harvest grew nearer, the of immediate discharge of their services. brothers worked harder in the fields for, in Jadhav Rao ordered the two young men to that region, wild animals prowled at night quit his territory with the semi-royal fiat and during the day the birds damaged the he pronounced. crops. The days at the glittering court at Ahmednagar were no more and their living The exile order came as a shattering blow was down on earth, close to the mud and to the prestige of the two brothers, who slush. A return to the days of glory seemed returned to their village of Verul near impossible now, unless some miracle Daulatabad. Back to the land they went happened. Late one night, in the Hindu to till, working with half-naked bodies in month of Magha, they left their village the scorching sun. The uniform they once home and walked towards their fields. The wore with its glistening gold braid and harvest was nearing and the moon shone decorations became a thing of the past. bright and full.Accounts differ about the To one who has been a soldier, the loss of details of how it happened, but the legend a uniform brings sorrow which grows within still holds that Goddess Bhavani appeared the heart. to Maloji that night in a vision. Bhavani was worshipped as patron Goddess by a The days moved heavily for the two large number of Rajput tribes and when brothers, who realised that it was only the the Rajputs came down to Maharashtra, power and wealth of Jadhav Rao which had they brought their mode of worship with crushed them down. Lack of wealth and them. The main centre of Bhavani cult is lack of equality of status humbled them. at Tuljapur, some 20 miles from modern But for the position he held in the court of Sholapur. The temple at Tuljapur is said to Nizam Shah, Jadhav Rao would never have have been built by Shahaji and is reported dared to insult them in the manner he had. to have been twice sacked by the Muslims. But poverty often leaves no other choice On account of its subsequent association to man but to swallow an insult hurled at with Shivaji and the fact that Shivaji’s him, and while Maloji vowed that he would grandfather, Maloji in a vision and forecast avenge the wrong done to him, there was for him in hour of desperation the glory very little he could do to wipe out the that was yet to come to that family the injustice he and his brother had suffered. Bhavani temple at Tuljapur remains even The long evenings in the fields grew longer to this day a great place of worship for as the days passed. During the day their the people of Maharashtra. minds turned to the seeds they had sown, the rains that would fall thereon, the fields That memorable night in the fields of Verul, that had to be ploughed, the bullocks that Bhavani appeared to Maloji draped in silver had to be fed and tended, and the crops white, heavily bejewelled with shimmering that would grow at harvest time which were armlets of gold and with the customary their only reward. tikka on her forehead. As the moon shone on Bhavani, it was a wondrous sight for VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 19 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

Maloji to see. At first he appeared hill near which a snake moved about that frightened by the vision, but soon the Bhavani had indicated. At their approach Goddess spoke to him in soft comforting the snake slid away into the grass and the words. And then She uttered the great two brothers bent down with their picks prophecy, which has since become a legend and shovels to unearth the treasure they in every Maratha home. She told Maloji were told was buried there. The earth that in his house would be born a son who was hard and seemed to want to hold on. would be a great man. This was the As they dug layer by layer, and nothing blessing, which She of Her own accord had was seen, Vithoji gave his brother a come to lavish upon him. This son, She disbelieving look. Maloji also became went on to explain, would found a Kingdom frustrated but still maintained that this was and twenty-seven of his descendants in what the Goddess had bade him do. The the direct line would rule the land. vision was real, he persisted, whether the treasure was there or not.The early sun By now the vision had turned into a dream, was rising. It was getting warm now. They for one fails to remain fully conscious when paused to mop the sweat off their brows receiving such a blessing and as Maloji was with Vithoji now beginning to wonder wondering how from the poverty to which whether it was worthwhile digging anymore. he had now been degraded the tide would But Maloji kept saying, “I saw Her, I tell turn for him, She told him more. There you. I saw Her as clearly as I see you was an ant hill nearby, She said, and around now. She told me there was a treasure it there lurked a snake which protected it. hidden here.” The younger brother picked “Dig it up”, She bade him, “for a great up his crude shovel and as if to humour treasure lies buried there. Do not be afraid Maloji, agreed to dig on a little more. Not to possess it, and when you do take it to long thereafter the iron struck a huge metal Sheshaji Naik at Shringonde who will keep jar. In it was the treasure Bhavani had it safely for you.” The man She named as spoken of. Vithoji now dug with twice the the safe keeper of that treasure was the speed. He did not doubt Maloji any more. local banker. Maloji awoke, startled by the For Maloji the dream had proved a reality vision. He spoke of it to Vithoji who, at and he knew he had found the hidden first, did not believe what his brother told treasure. As they loosened the jar from him. It was too late to test the truth of the surrounding earth, brought it up to the the prophecy that same night, and so they surface of the ground, they paused to walked back home with Maloji still trying wonder what it held in store for them. As to convince his younger brother that the they opened it, the gold glistened. A new vision he saw was a true one and that day had dawned for the two Bhavani did actually appear before him. brothers, whom Jadhav Rao had cast out The morrow came and back to the fields from his court and out of his sight. A newer the brothers went. Vithoji found the ant future awaited them – the second part of the blessing was yet to come true. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 20 SHIVAJI IN STORIES NIPPED IN THE BUD

EPEATED campaigns kept Shahaji . Where could he go? To the busy, but he managed to slip out Moghuls? To Adil Shah or Khutub Shah? Rand spend a little time with his young It would be the same old story. No ! he wife. She needed him now more than ever. wanted to be free. At what cost? Revolt! Her delicate condition demanded his The idea possessed him. With this resolve presence and attention but Shahaji was a Shahaji hastened to Poona, the Jagir of warrior. The call of duty beckoned to him the Bhonsles since Maloji’s time. Here he and before a thought did flash he had to raised the banner of freedom…. Or was it be up and away. Jija Bai was after all a revolt ? Tension mounted. Nobody knew Hindu wife. Complete identification with what lurked in the corners. Shahaji was her husband’s needs was her rule. What worried about Jija Bai and said to her : worried her most was that her people were “There is no knowing what calamity may vassals. Slavishness was eating into their befall us. In this condition we cannot take entrails and they had constantly to bow you with us. At the same time it would be before insolent might. risky to leave you here.”

Shahaji looked at Jija Bai with concern and “I could stay at Shivneri,” suggested Jija. half muttered to himself : “As a matter of So leaving her to the care of Vishwas Rao fact I should stay by her side now.” But and a few trusted followers, Shahaji set then the powers that he addressed were out. The news of Shahaji’s audacity obviously deaf. Suddenly, a bright flash lit reached the Bijapur Durbar, and the Adil up the eyes of this dreaming mother-to- Shah to whom the territory belonged fumed. be and she prayed in hushed whispers, “I A mere Maratha ! Dare he question the want a redeemer to be born.” It was in authority of the Shah ? The Sultan issued the month of Shrawan, a period of laughter orders. A large force under Vazir Khawas and joy, lights and festivities that the bolt Khan set out for Poona to teach Shahaji, fell. Jija Bai’s father Lakhuji Jadhav, who the rebel a lesson. Adil Shah reached lived at Daulatabad, had gone to the Durbar Poona, ransacked it, ruined its temples and with his three sons. There they were set fire to the whole city. murdered in cold blood. Murder, foul and treacherous, had felled two innocent Death and destruction stalked in ugly victims. parade the fair streets of Poona. Ruin, Desecration, Destruction, Insult. All these Jija Bai’s anguish knew no bounds. Shahaji’s were there. Yet the marauders were not mind was in a turmoil. Today it was the satisfied. To crown their acts of brutality Jadhavs, tomorrow it could be the they ploughed the city with an ass-drawn VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 21 SHIVAJI IN STORIES plough. An iron crow-bar was driven into subjected to. Her yearning heart had the ground on which a chappal and a longed for a son, whom she could nurse broken cowry were suspended. and nourish with leonine courage to stand What a demonstration of ugly tyranny ! the onslaughts of formidable foes.

Now, her days of fasting and fervent prayers were over. The little Redeemer lay in her arms, a helpless babe. The day that the Eternal Mother ushered this little Warrior on to the arena on life was Monday, February 29, 1630. In the fastness of the hill fort, away from the maddening crowd of storm and strife, the same hand rocked the baby to sleep – it was the hand of the mother who was to rule through her son in years to come.

Strife and bitterness had marked the years of her childhood and maidenhood. Even now her husband was a hunted man who fled, leaving her to the care of a few trusted followers. Jija Bai’s husband belonged to the family of Bhonsles. For about 300 years before the birth of Jija Bai the land of Maharashtra was overrun by invaders. The cries of the people who were looted and butchered, whose temples were desecrated that a Redeemer be born, who THE REDEEMER would stop this oppression. Some Maratha Sardars had become he servants of the Moghuls and were helping in the oppression of their own countrymen. It was in this N the hill fort of Shivneri, about 50 kind of environment that Jija Bai spent her miles from Poona a young mother childhood years. As a young girl, she met Icrooned her baby son to sleep. The Shahaji, the son of Maloji Raje Bhonsle. mother’s eyes held a far away look. Visions As children they had played together and of wars, where the young one would later were tied in holy bonds of matrimony. feature, seemed to unfold before her. She had prayed to the Mother Goddess that a It is precisely at this time that Nature Redeemer be born to avenge the seemed to have planned to shape the humiliations that her people had been destiny of this great woman, so that she VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 22 SHIVAJI IN STORIES might in turn mould the destiny of Shah of Bijapur had her father and her Maharashtra. Jija Bai’s adolescence and brother killed. youth witnessed the events that brought It was in the midst of these tragic events Maharashtra to its knees. She would flare that Jija Bai felt that she was soon to be a up at the oppression of her people. She mother. It was possible that she had loathed the very fact that here husband, visions as a young woman that a liberator brother, and father had to bow in servitude would be born, who would set her people to the Moghul oppressors. free from the strangle-hold of servitude and slavery. History records that, during the months of her confinement, Jija Bai would often speak of the dream of seeing a sovereign king who would bring back the rule of justice and loyalty among her people.

Within the forest and hill-girded Shivneri fort she fasted and fervently prayed to Bhavani, the Mother Goddess. A few faithful retainers manned the bastions. Beyond the walls stretched panther-haunted woods and To fight a common enemy internal unity is jungle wastes. Wild and lonely was the absolutely essential. Even this was place where Jija Bai spent her lonely hours uncertain, as internal quarrels, and filled them with the dreams of the future misunderstandings, feuds and petty liberator, for the fulfillment of which she bickerings had rent the fabric of society invoked the blessings of Bhavani, the into shreds. The family of Jija Bai’s universal mother. Now this little babe lay husband, the Bhonsles and of her father, before her, his life like the unchartered the Jadhavs fought bitterly, and her ocean. Yes, this frail vessel had to be brother Dattaji was killed by her brother- equipped and fortified to battle with the in-law. The two sides of her family became tumultuous waves of life. The task that bitter enemies. A few days later the Adil lay before Jija Bai was tremendous but she was prepared for it. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 23 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE ELUSIVE LITTLE ONE

HAHAJI was on his heels with the sank in despair, for the houses were in Moghul hordes after him. He fled ruins and the streets were empty. She Sto safety and it was Bijapur once had the fear that now that they had caught again. If not on Shahaji, they let loose her they must inevitably find her son. their fury in pursuit of Jija Bai and Shivaji. In the midst of all the turmoil the only feeling The hand of providence turned the cruelty that the child Shivaji might have been of the Moghul commander into indifference. aware of was the fear and uncertainty that Jija Bai’s only value to him was as a played on his mother’s mind. The fort hostage. She was sent under heavy guard where his mother had taken refuge could to a fortress, while measures were taken never stand a regular siege. A vague hope to speed up the capture of the son. He persisted that the Moghul patrols might not ordered the patrols in the hills to redouble know where Jija Bai was. their efforts. Coming events cast their shadows long before the event itself. Even When Shivaji was six the blow fell. It is as a child he was to be as slippery as he not known how the secret of Jija Bai’s later grew to be. hiding place was betrayed, but all we know is that Jija Bai was taken captive, but the For three years his devoted servants Moghuls never found Shivaji. Perhaps, the carried Shivaji with them into the recesses alarm was given in time for a servant to of the hills with Moghuls hounding them. snatch up the child and dart through the These hills are wild labyrinth of narrow back gates of the fort to be lost in the passes between huge cliffs where the air jungles around. is stifling and damp ; of rolling uplands where the yellow spear grass stabs one’s Jija Bai was borne in a palanquin surrounded ankles and the leafless shrubs seem to by Moghul troops. The motley procession crouch, tightly gripping the shallow pebble- with its captive wound its way to Triambak, strewn soil; of endless avenue through the a hallowed spot for the Hindus, but then luxuriant forest, under one’s feet a carpet also the headquarters of the Moghuls. In of rotting leaves squelching at every step, the vast cliff that overhangs, is the spring and all around the suspense of breathless where the sacred Godavari rises. Today it noon. Bitter is the winter in those hills, a is an enchanting place, with its black stone thick mist clinging about the trees almost temples of simple grandeur dedicated to till noon, so that even the hill-men come the great Lord Siva, trees blooming in the out into the day-light chilled and numbed, courtyard of the town. When Jija Bai came slowly stretching their aching limbs in the in through the gates of the town her heart sun. In May come the long rains. At first VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 24 SHIVAJI IN STORIES a few showers, pleasant after parching While most well-to-do Hindus had come to drought. A thick mist veils the ravines, accept Muslim domination as inevitable and while in the darkening woods the had been seduced by the luxury and coppersmith bird hoots menacingly warning comfort of Muhammadan courts, Shivaji of the approaching storm. Red clouds spent his earlier childhood among men not climbing the sky; a hush and sense of yet subdued, among wild tribesmen and in tension ; and then with the first outburst lonely forest villages. Other young Hindus of thunder, trees bend and scream under of his rank lived as neighbours with sea-bitter wind, and the rain falls in hard Muhammadan gentry and if they were white rods, that beat the grass flat and despised and sometimes persecuted, they send rocks hurtling down precipices and accepted such inconveniences without sound upon cottage roofs like the clamour too much complaint ; but to Shivaji the of kettle-drums. Muhammadans were the people who had taken his mother away and who followed him relentlessly.

When he was ten, his mother escaped from her fortress, but we do not know any details of the manner of her escape. She joined her son in the hills. She can hardly have hoped to see him again. In the loneliness of her imprisonment she had turned increasingly to religion for comfort ; and the re-union with her son must have seemed almost a miraculous answer to her prayers. The war between the Empire and Bijapur was drawing wearily to its end, and the Moghuls abandoned their search for Shivaji. Glad of the respite, mother and son lived together in some cottage in the hills. Shivaji never forgot listening to his Through winter, the monsoon, and short mother, while she told him of the old glories breathless summer, the fugitives wandered of Hinduism and how her family and his in the hills, never daring to rest long under father’s had been free and noble even any roof, always in constant anxiety. It before the coming of the Greeks, in days would be difficult to exaggerate the effect when Hindustan was the land of the Hindus, on the child’s mind of these three years. indeed ! VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 25 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE LAND AND THE HERO

UR knowledge of the past is always group or body of men against the partial, partly inaccurate, clouded background of the stresses and strains that Oby ambivalent evidence and biased they were subjected to. Maharashtra, as historians, and perhaps distorted by our the place is known, is synonymous with own patriotic or religious partisanship. Shivaji, one of the sons of the soil, whose “Most history is guessing and rest is mastery and craftsmanship in war earned prejudice.” So we must operate with partial for him a name that stands indelibly etched knowledge and be content with on the tablets of Indian History. The natural possibilities. In History, as in Science and hide-outs that this piece of land afforded Politics, relativity rules and all formulas and the name that he earned amply bring should be suspect. Perhaps, within these out the full advantage that he took of the limits we may ask what history has to say geographical situation of this piece of land. about the nature, conduct and prospects of man. This girdle of land lies east of the Ghats. The rocky nature of the country and the History is conditioned by geology and abundance of forests made travelling geography. Everyday the sea encroaches difficult and unprofitable. The country was some where upon the land or land upon cut up by Nature in to small compartments the sea. Mountains rise and fall to the in which the natives lived isolated, self- rhythm of emergence and erosion. Rivers contained lives. The Maratha people’s love swell and flood or dry up and change their of isolation was greatly helped by Nature, course. Geography is the matrix of history, which provided them with many ready- its nourishing mother and disciplining home. made and easily defensible fortresses close Its rivers, lakes and oceans draw settlers at hand, to which they could flee for refuge to their shores, for water is the life of and whence they could offer tenacious organisms and towns. Mountains rise in a resistance. Unlike the Indo-Gangetic plain confusion of creases defying this country could not be conquered and domestication, hiding in its dark caves annexed by one cavalry dash or even one secrets that kindle the spirit of adventure whole year’s campaigning. Here the natives in man. had the chance of putting up a long struggle against the superior numbers, and, Man is as much a product of natural as it often happened, of recovering their environment as he is the heir to the history own when the invaders were worn out. of the community or group to which he belongs. In the following narratives we A hero’s glories are sung by the bards of shall try to trace the history of such a his home-country. His greatness is lost to VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 26 SHIVAJI IN STORIES others and, with the passage of time, runs supposed to have been inspired by Mazzini the risk of sinking into the oblivion of dead and Garibaldi. A closer study of our own and forgotten past, from which the credit history reminds us of Chandra Gupta for its revival goes to history or other Maurya as the first Indian patriot to illustrious sons who featured in the organise successful national resistance to country’s struggle for freedom. Tilak foreign aggression. In its wake was found realised the necessity to rouse the sleeping the glorious Empire of Asoka. Later, Shivaji leviathan in his countrymen by hearkening demonstrated (as Jadunath Sarkar puts it) back to the musty forgotten pages of that the Hindu race could build a nation, history and by using his artistry in painting found a state, defeat enemies, conduct the faded colours with vivid hues, that their own defence, prefect and promote stand out in stark contrast to the pale art and literature, commerce and industry, and misty mass to which India had been and maintain navies and ocean-trading reduced then. He retrieved this forgotten fleets of their own or conduct naval battles warrior, Shivaji, and set him up as a on equal terms with foreigners. Shivaji, as national hero. How well he deserves this Sarkar says, taught the modern Hindus to description is for us to judge. rise to the full stature of their growth.

At a time when India was ravaged by the Jawaharlal Nehru writes in his Discover of Moghul hordes, her temples desecrated, India : “Shivaji was the symbol of resurgent land appropriated and the natives reduced Hindu Nationalism, drawing inspiration from to slavery, there rose a man in a corner of the old classics, courageous and India who challenged this unjust might. possessing high qualities of leadership. He The past is a powerful force that silently built up the Marathas as a strong unified acts on the living present. It is, by no fighting group and gave them a national means, dead. The historical process is a background and made them a formidable continuous whole, perennial and dynamic. power which broke up the Moghul Empire. The sap and savour of the fruits would be There are glimpses to show that it was meaningless without the roots. not all adventurism, though many adventurers held the field. The Marathas Maharashtra today has a distinctive had a wider conception and as they grew personality evolved in the course of in power this conception also grew.” centuries. The wealth of Maharashtra is Warren Hastings wrote in 1784 : The not to be assessed in terms of its material Marathas possess, alone of all the people riches alone. The character of its people of Hindustan and Deccan, a principle of is an invaluable asset to the country as a national attachment which is strongly whole. This has not emerged suddenly into impressed on the minds of all individuals of life, like Minerva fully equipped from the the nation and would probably unite their head of Zeus. There was a time, not very chiefs as in one common cause, if any great long ago, when Indian nationalism was danger were to threaten the general State. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 27 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE PRECEPTOR AND THE PRINCE

HAHAJI was a rolling stone the servants, and he was overpowered by gathering little moss, for the remorse. He called for a sword and got S Sultan of Bijapur moved him around ready to hack off his offending hand, the like a pawn in his Kingdom. The Adil Shah very hand of one who had earlier laid the transferred Shahaji to the Karnatic, not in rule which it broke. The servants crowded charge of any military campaign but as a round him and, weeping strove hard to second-in-command to his Muslim general. dissuade him from so extravagant a self- At the time of this movement, Shahaji punishment. Though he laid aside his thought it advisable to give his wife and sword, he wore thereafter a coat without son a guardian, and the man he entrusted a sleeve for his right arm. This incident is with this responsible work was his faithful often quoted in India, and it may sound Brahmin assistant, Dadaji Kondadev. theatrical to English or other alien readers, Kondadev thus became the guardian and but the emotional atmosphere was so tutor to the young Shivaji and as the need highly-charged in Moghul India that any for living in a fortress was now not so acute gesture of remorse and penitence would on grounds of safety, Shivaji came down have been neither strange nor unusual. to the plains of Poona with his mother. Dadaji was not only a saint and a scholar Shivaji was now thirteen. Of the Brahmin but he was also a capable administrator. aristocracy Shivaji’s tutor Dadaji Kondadev He devoted himself to restoring the estate was a fine example. His devotion had to something of its former level of become proverbial. His one passion was prosperity. He started with the wolf the service of his young master. He was plague, offering a reward from his own punctilious almost to the point of savings for each of the wolves killed. The eccentricity in his honesty. As an hill-men found wolf-killing more paying than illustration of this the following story is told. raids on an occasional caravan, and soon He had caused an orchard to be planted cleared the country of wolves. Then Dadaji on Shivaji’s estate, and he warned the tried to tempt the peasants back to their servants that anyone who stole fruits from fields from banditry in the woods. He the trees would be punished. One day he offered land to them at graduated rates of himself was standing at the orchard at noon a nominal rent of one rupee for the first ; he was thirsty and without thinking he year, three rupees for the second, and so stretched out his hand and picked a ripe on up to twenty rupees in the sixth year. mango which was swinging tantalisingly Many of the tribesmen of the hills were before him. A moment later, he remembered attracted by this offer, left their forests the warning that he had himself given to and mountain villages and settled down on VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 28 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji’s estate and became in course of For the first time in many years, the time his enthusiastic adherents. Dadaji villagers knew relief from constant peril. recruited other hill-men as armed guards Confidence returned. Houses began to be to protect the countryside from brigands. re-built and temples were whispered grateful prayers.

POONA AND THE GOLDEN PLOUGH

THE chief village in Shivaji’s lands was Poona. Poona was a small village, known only for its temples and the orthodoxy of their priests. At the time of Shivaji’s return from Bijapur even these temples were in ruins. The village had several times been looted and was now entirely deserted, save a few fisher folk who lived along the river Muta. When the last Muhammadan force had passed that way, the commander caused all the houses and walls to be pulled down, and with a final gesture of resentful contempt, ordered a team of asses to be harnessed to a plough and driven over the foundations. Then, solemnly cursing the site of the Hindu town, he planted an iron rod in the earth as a symbol of his malediction.

Dadaji now dug up this iron rod and threw it away. But he realised that the memory of the curse would remain with the superstitious villagers, so he retorted to the gesture of the Muhammadan commander by one that was even more dramatic; he had the site ploughed over once again, but this time with white oxen drawing a plough of pure gold and the royal prince himself wielding it.

From a site deserted and shunned, Poona rapidly became a prosperous town thereafter. One day it would be the Antioch of Hindu India. To measure the change one may look forward to the days of its splendour and quote the impression of an English visitor, Roberson : “Vast wealth poured into Poona from many sources. The city was bright with armed men, handsome horses, rich palanquins and gorgeous houses ; messengers ran from place to place ; all was gay with sport, dances and merry- making.” But in spite of its Wealth and frequent holidays and festivals, Poona was known for its peaceful, orderly life. Foreigners have remarked favourably on the sensible and sober character of the people.

Dadaji could not foresee that the little village for whose prosperity he did so much would one day be one of the important cities of India, but it was his patient administration that laid the foundations of Poona’s civic greatness. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 29 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE SCHEDULE OF A KING-IN-THE-MAKING

MARATHA house is generally built gathered round him a band of hill-men, and round two courtyards; the front with them wandered over the same hills, Acourtyard, having a pillared where he had spent those perilous years colonnade round it with an archway to the of his childhood. In the ravines, where he street, is used for the reception of had then stumbled wearily, he now strode strangers and the recreation of the men as master. He loved, as all his life, to of the household; the back courtyard, used subject himself to every strain, to test his generally by the women, has an altar in strength to the utmost. He turned to lonely the centre planted with sacred basil. In paths, where even his companions the front colonnade, the men would recline hesitated to follow ; he scrambled along in the evenings. Servants bring oil lamps, the rocky ledges of sheer cliffs, sending the company rising to salute with lifted eagles and yellow vultures screaming from hands the sacred flame regarded as a their nests. In time he came to know symbol of life. every mile of that wild hill-country, as familiarly as his own house in Poona. And This must have been the happiest moment the hill-men, at first peering distrustfully of the day for Dadaji – rest after long hours from their stockade villages at rumours of of wresting with the business of the estate a stranger, presently came to greet him – rest and leisurely perusal of his scrolls of with admiration. He had a smile for all of verse – the quiet evening, the them ; and we know from all who recorded soft lamp-light, the black squat Sanskrit their impressions of him how attractive his characters opening up worlds of beauty. smile was. These hill-men were one day Presently he would call Shivaji, and the to form the back-bone of the . boy squatted down beside him while he recited the sonorous couplets of old epics, After a long day in the forest Shivaji would singing of the heroes of Hindustan. And return to Poona, the hills violet behind him, Shivaji sat entranced, while the lamp flames and before him the rolling yellow fields. As leapt up in the night, and great moths every Hindu usually does, he would go first tumbled about the carved pillars of the to his mother on returning to the house. colonnade, and the dreams that filled the At that hour she would be worshipping the memory of his earliest childhood became sacred Tulsi before the altar in the centre fixed in a passionate ambition. of the inner courtyard. The altar was planted with holy basil. She walked slowly As though to prepare himself for the long round the altar, a lamp in her hand, the ordeal of his life, Shivaji spent his days in golden petal of the lamp-light dispelling the an arduous routine of daily exercise. He gathering darkness. When her prayers VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 30 SHIVAJI IN STORIES were over she would talk to Shivaji. They were so much together that they Aspirations for understood each other perfectly. a New Order Presently, he would leave her for his supper, for in a Hindu family the men and women are apart. His supper – a little HILE Poona was his base, salted rice and milk, or a few maize-cakes, Shivaji was not content to - would be served in the colonnade of the Wstay put on the plateau of the front courtyard, Shivaji reclining against a Deccan. An inner urge kept taking him column, the little pile of rice set on a around the mountainous countryside, plantain leaf before him, and all around the discovering new hill tracks, some of which leaf the maid-servants had drawn designs were difficult to follow. Dadaji Konda Dev in coloured flour. encouraged this love of an outdoor life. The old man believed that this followed And after supper followed his studies with from Shivaji’s natural desire to visit the Dadaji. So the years passed, and Shivaji various corners of his jagir. He had little grew to manhood. idea of what was really at the back of the young man’s mind.

Out of these seemingly harmless outdoor expeditions, which grew in number as the days went by, Shivaji started making contacts with new people, who were the natives of mountainside. Towards them Shivaji began to feel a natural affinity. They in turn were pleased to see their own Jagirdars come to visit them, despite the parching sun and the heavy monsoons and defying the difficult mountain tracks which Shivaji had to cross on horseback and on foot.

To climb these high mountains and wade through the dense forests of the Western Ghats, Shivaji spent many days and nights in the jungle. The wild beasts who frequented this area in greater abundance than now, did not deter him from plotting his camp wherever he had to halt for the night. This was the hazardous life of his VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 31 SHIVAJI IN STORIES fellowmen; this was the life he too would especially those who could wield a javelin. follow. In this area, and particularly in the Their duty was to protect the village district of Maval, there lived a sect of very people from the attack of wild beasts. A poor people, who called themselves after man-eating tiger or dangerous wolf, if killed the district and were known as the Mavalis. by one of them earned him a suitable Mavalis were a sturdy, hard-working type, reward. The wild beasts were taking a untainted by the sophistication of toll of human life. The object of the rewards civilisation. Their problems were basic ; was to make this part of the country safe they only wanted food to eat and a to live in. garment or two, albeit dirty, with which to clothe their nakedness. But these people Among the Mavalis, there was also a had character in them, a priceless dangerous lot who indulged in brigandry. possession, probably formed the These men attacked the villagers returning ruggedness of the surrounding hills. As the from work in the evening and robbed them Mavalis came within the orbit of his jagir, of whatever possessions they had. In revenue taxes were levied on them by the consultation with Konda Dev, Shivaji Jagirdar who was Shahaji himself. Shivaji, encouraged the idea of peons and sepoys who was administering the Jagir on behalf guarding the roads making them safe for of his father, began to realise the strain of travel for the innocent and the unwary. these taxes on the extremely poor people. The idea of Home Guards thus took root in He, therefore, told Konda Dev that in view Shivaji’s mind as also the idea that as the of the barren soil on which these people future Jagirdar of this territory he would could cultivate but little, there should be have to defend the people who inhabited some remission of taxes for the Mavalis. it. Food was scarce in this Mavali area, and the people were therefore exhorted Despite the fact that the Mavalis were a to grow fruit which grew easily in the backward people and not too civilised, mountain regions. The improvement of the Shivaji developed a fondness for them. He lot of the Mavalis became Shivaji’s early encouraged the idea of their getting enlisted concern. Out of this small experiment the in his service. He gave them small and idea occurred to Shivaji that if these un-important jobs – of being couriers taking natives of the soil were encouraged in the messages from Konda Dev to the various right way, and not discredited as useless parts of the district and of serving as peons as the foreign conquerors had done, they who attended to household work. A few, could have a utility value, which could who showed talent for military service, he increase with time. Foreigners never began to enroll as soldiers. According to interested themselves in the welfare of the historians of the day, the salary the those natives who were of no use to them. Mavalis received in the service of the Jagir Foreign domination had brought about varied between one and two rupees per exploitation. Only in a free country, month. There were other jobs and governed and administered by the natives inducements offered to the Mavalis, themselves, could these sons and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 32 SHIVAJI IN STORIES daughters of the soil rise in stature and yoke had been cast off, an independent enjoy the fruits of their civilization. kingdom should be carved out, with a Hindu chieftain at the head of it, who would Therefore, according to Shivaji’s youthful naturally be closer to the people than any mind three things seemed essential. The Muslim or Moghul could be. And the third first was to throw off the foreign yoke. idea was that even this Hindu chieftain This meant a clash with the authority of must encourage and welcome the co- Sultan in Bijapur, a clash with the Muslim operation of the people in the administration forces which sustained the Sultanate, and of the jagir. These three ideas, though not a clash also with those who, like his father, clearly defined at the time, started to take helped to maintain the Sultan in power. roots in Shivaji’s mind : the removal of the Later, there may also have to be a clash foreign power from this territory, the with the Moghuls who periodically establishment of a Hindu state, and descended on the Deccan for loot. The establishment also an elementary form of second essential was that after the foreign democracy. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 33 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

ADMINISTRATION OF DADAJI KONDDEO

ADAJI KONDDEO was a terror. be planted, and the orchard was to be so His rage was consuming, burning rich as to put to shame even Adhilshah’s Dthe wrong-doers like a forest fire! reputed orchard. As a tutor to Shivaji he was a strict disciplinarian. If example is better than After due planning, the work started. precept he was an embodiment of the Varieties of trees were planted and they principle. He was straight-forward in his throve on the rich soil. was dealing with people and abided by the rules immensely pleased with the orchard, which which he himself imposed on others. As a was named after Shahaji – ‘Shahbag’ was result, he was both feared and respected its name. Pant tended the plants as he by all. With all this, he was very kind, and would tend his own children. His men toiled his concern for the people was very for four years and the orchard grew into touching. ripeness and spread their fragrance in all directions ; soon the emerald-like lumps Dadaji’s administrative skill was well-known. appeared that later got transformed into He paid full attention to the needs of the raw mangoes. Trees were laden with farmers. Fields, rich with crops, started fruitage and bent down with their weight. yielding plenty of good grain. His The green of the mangoes slowly ripened achievements won the admiration of all to a rich yellow tinged with red. Dadaji people. Dadaji once got a miscreant called thought of showing the orchard, full of ripe Phulaji Naik arrested and brought him to mangoes, to your Shivaji and so he Lal Mahal and chastised him severely for requested Shivaji, “Sircar, our orchard at his bad behaviour. Likewise, Krishnaji Shivapur is now in full fruitage. I wish you Deshmukh also paid dearly for his anti- would have a look at it.” social behaviour. A miscreant or wrong- doer had to pay adequately for his deeds. Young Shivaji readily consented. There was no escape. So strict was he as an administrator. Horses were brought in and they set out for Shivpur. They crossed Katraj Ghat, and Once Pant named a village after Shivaji entered the orchards of Shivpur. Mango and called it ‘Shivpur’. It was set among trees, rich with ripe fruits, welcomed beautiful surroundings, it had hills with Shivaji. They saw the trees grown to their green trees and bushes all around. After full height spreading like umbrellas. The setting up this village, Dadaji got the idea mangoes could be plucked easily by the of converting its surroundings into mango hand as the trees were not very tall. There groves. Mangoes of all varieties were to was obvious pleasure on the face of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 34 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Maharaj. Dadaji felt gratified. A smile He was just about to strike. At that transformed the otherwise wrinkled face moment Shivaji cried, “Pant, stop that, stop of Dadaji. Shivaji said, “Pant, these fruits that !” will be fit for the treasure house of He ran towards Dadaji and caught hold of Bhausahib (his father).” his left hand. “What are you doing, Pant?” asked Shivaji. Dadaji smiled. At last his efforts had truly “I was going to chop off my right hand”, borne fruit. He pointed out one tree in replied Dadaji. particular to Shivaji and said, “Balraje, this was the first tree to blossom, and the first “Why ? What happened, Pant ?” to bear fruit among the whole lot.” “This hand has betrayed me”. “What do you mean ?” wondered Shivaji Shivaji then walked among the trees, while still gripping Dadaji’s left hand in the admiring them one by one. He wondered same manner. at the liberality of the trees that yielded “Sircar, I plucked a mango without your fruit in such profusion and at such a tender permission ! A crime has been committed age. ! There can be no excuse ! The crime Dadaji’s attention was caught by a yonder must be punished ! Sircar, chop off my tree. He was attracted by a mango, that right hand yourself.” was just ripe and looked reddish yellow. “No, no, Pant ! What is the crime in it? The mango was really very attractive. Its You planted the trees. And if you pluck a colour and quality would not allow Dadaji mango, I find nothing wrong in it ! Who to turn his attention elsewhere. Dadaji will blame you ? It is so succulent.” plucked the mango with his right hand and looked at it with childish joy. The juice But, “I have not committed even such a was still oozing out of the broken stem petty crime so far !” was the remonstrance. when suddenly Dadaji’s face became more “If such petty crimes go unpunished, bigger and more serious. A moment ago he was crimes would be perpetrated. The entire delighted, but now all his pleasure seemed administration would become corrupt ! You to have vanished. He looked at the mango. lose your wealth, you lose your Kingdoms ! His eyes were filled with tears. His hands This is not fair ! I have plucked the fruit were trembling. Shivaji was still looking at without your permission. I must be the trees. He threw the mango and punished.” instantaneously drew his sword from its sheath. When Shivaji came closer, he could That was how Dadaji governed. To him not believe what his eyes saw. Dadaji held every act was to be carefully weighed a sword in his left hand, ready to chop off before it was executed. He was as ready his other hand. The right hand was held to cut off his own offending hand as he straight. He was biting his lips with rage. would have done in punishing other offenders. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 35 SHIVAJI IN STORIES master’s permission ? After all your father The Tryst has entrusted you to him.” The obedient son bent his head in submission and waited for Dadaji Konda Dev to come. As usual the revered head showed itself at the HE young and agile form of Shivaji doorway at the appointed time. He seated ached for action. Tidal waves of himself at his accustomed place and was Tturmoil rose and engulfed him. He about to start his work when summons could not contain them. “How long? How came from Jija Bai’s chamber. The old man long was he to wait thus?” seemed to be hurried out and was soon in the presence the unending query posed by his mind. Like of his young pupil and Jija Bai. all true devotees of Mother he waited for Her call. “Why this delay?” he kept The room was large with a number of questioning Her. carved wooden pillars. At one end the light of an oil lamp shed its limpid glow The Divine Mother had Her own plans and illuminating the face of Bhavani, the Mother as Her chosen instrument he was to abide Goddess. The morning worship was over. by it. The brooding lines and beetled brows Mother and son waited in the sacred became a constant feature of his face. presence for the preceptor’s arrival. The Was he also to live a tame life? Wait for usual formalities over, Shivaji pitched in the scraps thrown from the ruling master’s straight. “Pant”, the young boy quietly tables? Better death than the dishonour said, “I am sure that you are aware of the of slavery? Thus he mused. Driven by the chaos all around us. The country is tautness of indecision and anxiety he overrun by foreigners. Our temples are in entered his mother’s chamber for the ruin. There is no honour left amongst us. comfort that had never failed him so far. It is high time that something is done about Jija Bai looked up. Her heart missed a beat. all this.” The fervour and urge of the young An unearthly light seemed to radiate from man’s utterance sent a thrill through the her son. “Yes”, she thought “Bhavani has ageing form of Dadaji Konda Dev. But then at last taken hold of Shiva. Soon the prudence prevailed. rulers would have hell to pay for.” “Pardon my impudence Bal Raje” (that is The fire of resentment and the rising waves how the preceptor called him). “Proud as of resolution bottled up within the frail form I am to hear of your noble resolve, certain of Shivaji seemed to spill out. He came misgivings prompt me to sound a warning and stood by his mother and said, “The note. This land of ours has long been call has come”. Jija Bai looked at her son battered down under the heels of hordes with bated breath. “Yes, the hour has of foreigners. Today her might is a struck. The great Mother has sounded forgotten dream and I am afraid that an her clarion call and you have answer it, attempt to free her from this iron grip may my son. But should you not ask your also remain …a….mere…..dream !” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 36 SHIVAJI IN STORIES As Shivaji listened to this reminder of the young men came. Among them was Shivaji. stark realities so vividly painted, the breath As the priest’s incantations started, young that blew itself in short gulps, the beetled heads bent in silent prayer. Prayer for what brows and the deep flush on the face ? Now the Linga was anointed and sacred eloquently expressed the storm that raged water was poured over it. As if at a silent within his young bosom. One could see command all the heads were raised and a that the storm that gathered would wreck host of swords flashed up and met above him or ruin those who were to be victims the sacred symbol of Shiva. In deep of it. Obstacles were to be pushed aside sombre tones Shivaji in toned the pledge, with resolve. His mind was made up and - it was a pledge to stake his own life for no power on earth was to stem the tide the freedom of his people. The same words that had risen to such tremendous were echoed by his companions who also dimensions. In measured tones Shivaji said vowed loyalty to Shivaji, whom they : “No, Pant, I am convinced that it is not acknowledged as their leader. Dadaji Konda to be a dream. In the attempt to make it Dev and Jija Bai watched on in silent awe a reality I am ready to lay down my life. at the profundity of sentiment and the deep In the meantime, I have only one request earnestness of the young men bound by a to make. Would you grant it?” “What is common pledge. that, Bal Raje?” asked Dada Konda Dev. “Your blessings” said Shivaji. A soft smile This great event took place in 1645. How lit up the care-lined face. “It is yours, Bal well Shivaji stood up to this great pledge Raje. . . . and will always be there.” In was to be proved a few days later. Fresh silence three heads bowed in fervent with fervour he set out with his friends to prayer while Bhavani beamed benevolently find out if law and order prevailed in his on them. own territory. Alas ! tyranny and the brute power of man was ever the same all The sun had risen above the hills touching over. With blanched face and tightened the tops with his golden magic wand. The lips he heard that the Patel of Ranjha had mist that enveloped the hills was lifted dishonoured a woman. This was not to be revealing the verdant greenery of the treated lightly. His hand tightened on the vegetation. A band of young men hilt of his sword as he sent out messengers clambered up the hill side to the to fetch the offender. Maximum punishment Rohideswar temple. Their determined faces befitting his crime was pronounced. He fore-told eventful happenings of the future. was to atone for it in terms that would not Since they were clad in white, with a sash, leave others in doubt about what their fate from which a scabbard hung it was easy would be if the same was repeated. This to conclude that these were warriors. What then was young Shivaji whose wrath was brought them to the temple courtyard ? not roused against any religion in narrow The priest was there and so were some bigotry but was ever set against insolent other people. At the appointed time more might and inhuman wrongs. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 37 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

A Slave is Always a Slave

IJAPUR was the capital of the mere coincidence that the resistance had Adil Shahs, the Muslim Sultans to be primarily against Muslims, for the Bwho had a Kingdom of their own in country was mainly in the hands of the Deccan. The Sultans were tributaries of Moghuls, and he rebelled against them. Muslim domination over India. The founders of the Sultanates were originally in the From an early age, Shivaji had a great employment of the Bahmani rulers of preference for simplicity of living. Life as Deccan that began to wane, and with that one constant exile and one long journey the individual Sultans attempted to through rugged mountain tracts, demanded consolidate their own individual spheres of that he develop a simple way of living that influence, declaring themselves could be lived anywhere. He appeared to independent rulers. India as a whole had lack the accommodating ways of his father. no identity. The country was hacked into With Shivaji simple living was almost a fetish two sections, the conquerors who came and he expressed his abhorrence for all from across the borders and the people of forms of luxury. He appeared to lack the the soil who either became the conquered accommodating ways of his father. He had or remained dependants of some local respect for those who revealed either chieftain, who broke away from the wisdom or learning, and expressed without conquerors. fear his contempt for the idle rich. It was at Bijapur in 1641 that young Shivaji, then only 14 years of age, began to feel Shahji was, however, greatly disturbed by the difference between those who belonged his young son’s rudeness towards those to the ruling classes and those who were on whom his own existence depended. He the ruled. In the territory in which he felt that one should adopt a practical lived at that time, it was the supremacy attitude to life and that if it was ordained of the Muslims which clearly stood out. at any period of time that the Muslims What irked the lad was not the difference should rule over our land, there was no in the two religions, but the glaring harm in serving them so long as one’s faith, inequality between the rulers and the ruled. which was Hindu religion, was not interfered with or affected, by Muslim sway. There was little awareness of democracy Shahji wanted his son to adopt this outlook, in those days. Nevertheless, without instead of fighting a battle with those who understanding the principles and theory of were superiors by sheer might and power. the political or public welfare, Shivaji at an He gave his own examples and argued that early age felt the first spark of a revolt he was a Hindu Chieftain well treated by against the prevailing inequality. It was a the Muslims, one who received great VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 38 SHIVAJI IN STORIES favours from the Sultan. The lad was Shivaji took the presents given to him, but stubborn. He kept saying that such when he returned home that day he cast patronage could only ease the irksomeness away the court dress which had been of being a vassal ; it never changed the placed on his shoulders, dumped the gifts status itself. A slave was a slave and in a corner, never caring to take a second golden shackles could not change that look at them. The lavish furnishings and stubborn fact. easy life reflected in the mien of the nobles repelled Shivaji. The Darbar, glittering with Shahji did not give up hopes of changing the ornamentations and heavy carpets, the mind of his rebel son. He relied on his contrasted sharply with the bare stone walls own parental authority, for every father and floors amid which Shivaji romped as a believes that he can eventually mould his boy and grew up to rugged manhood. The son to the pattern which he thinks is best atmosphere, scented heavily withy must, for him. By tactful conversation, by incense and attar only brought him nostalgic occasional admonitions and frequent memories of the fresh air of the mountain persuasions he induced Shivaji to side, laden with subtle scents of nature accompany him to the Sultan’s Durbar. and the smell of brown, caked earth Before taking his son to appear in the court responding to the first showers. The men, he coached the young man on right conduct with their handsome delicate features, fresh at the court. On the day of the Darbar complexions, and well cared for features, the rebel in Shivaji got the better of the brought to his mind, and showed how hard loyal son in him, and as father and son life was for his sun-browned brethren at appeared before the Sultan, the father home, whose bathing salts came only from bowed low, while the son only made a slight their sweat and mud was their only gesture and took his seat by his father, his cosmetic. head held high and with no signs of submission on his countenance. The The splendour of the Royal Court only Sultan, observing that his General Shahji magnified the vision Shivaji already had of was accompanied by a young man, kindly the contrast between the ruler and the inquired who the boy was. Shahji ruled, and intensified his repulsion for Court diplomatically explained that the boy was life. The secluded life he had all along, his son Shivaji and that this was his first away from Court life, was responsible for appearance at Court, thus making up for Shivaji’s nature. Had he been at Court, the scant salutations which Shivaji had and seen his father constantly bowing down offered the Sultan. The aged Sultan to the Sultan, and beaming at his favours, understood his Hindu Courtier’s Shivaji perhaps could have been influenced embarrassment and overlooked the young into that life, and his spirit of rebellion would man’s lack of etiquette. He went on to not have taken the upper hand. present jewels and robes of honour to Shivaji welcoming him to the Royal Darbar. Now came the time for him either to decide between accepting the ways of the court VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 39 SHIVAJI IN STORIES or stay aloof from it, and of course, Shivaji chose the latter course. The Butcher of Bijapur Behind Shivaji’s behaviour was always his early realisation that he and his people were the have-nots of the land. If he IR AMJAD ABIDI, the great rose in rank or position as his father had noble of the realm and one of done, it was because of the use the Sultan M the chief counselors to the King could make of him to prop up his own of Bijapur, growled. The khansama had position. To be aware that one is only a served the food and the aroma of the vassal requires the strength of character. curries increased the nobleman’s appetite. That Shivaji was aware of it at the age of But when he started eating, he gasped in thirteen, does credit to him. It evoked in horror ! There was no meat ! him a hitherto unknown national pride. That he was a Hindu and therefore different in “Begum !” he shouted with a cry of despair religion from the Muslims was not so and pain. material to Shivaji as that he was a native of the soil along with his father and Three women came running in, followed by forefathers, part of the land itself, while the Khansama, an old cook. The women the Muslims came from a land that was far were young and rather pretty, vivacious away and taken possession of our own and pert. They saw the anger on their earth. Classified regionally, he was a husband’s face but it did not mean anything Maratha, and to be a Maratha was indeed to them. They were too young to know a matter of pride to Shivaji. But his main and appreciate the pent up emotions and pride was that he was part of the intricacies of desperate rage. They were motherland, and an Indian. twenty-two, twenty and eighteen years of age, respectively, while their husband was past fifty.

“Is something wrong?” Mohammedi Begum asked. She was the oldest of the three. He growled.

“Where is meat?” he shouted. “Do you think I’m a buffalo to eat only grass?”

“Hai Allah !” Shahzadi Begum exclaimed. She was the youngest and, at the moment, his favourite. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 40 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Now, what has Allah got to do with meat?” Mohammed Adil Shah, the ageing Sultan he asked stingingly. of Bijapur, was in the harem. And Amjad “Don’t you know that meat is not available Abidi wanted to see him. It was an odd these days?” Mohammedi Begum said. hour to be advised on the affairs of state “The butchers have been asked to give up and he disliked this noble. slaughtering cows.” “Well, what has upset you now ?” the Sultan queried. “You look oddly miserable.” “What nonsense! Who gave the order?” “The Sultan,” said Razia Banu, the middle Mir Amjad Abidi bowed deep and salaamed one. to the king. “The Sultan gave no such order” “I am miserable, Alijah. I am hungry,” he “Hai ! Hai !” Shahzadi exclaimed. “You go said in low voice. to the durbar every day and you do not “Ya Allah !” the Sultan exclaimed. “The know anything about the king’s fireman ? richest man in Bijapur and he has no food The servant has gone to the market several to eat !” times but there’s not a single butcher “I don’t mean that, Jehanpanah,” Abidi there.” put in immediately. “My khansama couldn’t Mir Amjad Abidi got up, his eyes red, his serve me meat.” beard and moustache bristling. A hungry man is an angry man, and he was in a The Sultan saw the humour in this and rage. He walked out with long strides, burst out laughing. Abidi looked determined to get at the root of the matter. disconcerted. “No meat? What happened to all the butchers?” “There are no butchers,” Abidi said in a hollow way. “Mir Amjad Abidi, you must be joking. Butchering is a profession. What will the butchers do if they give up their profession ? If the butchers are not here or there they must be somewhere.”

“They used to have their slaughter houses and their stalls on the main highway, Alijah. But today I rode four times up and down the highway, and found that their stalls have been taken over by other traders – those of vegetables and fruits. There was no meat displayed, nor were there any butchers.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 41 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The Sultan laughed again. The gruff voice “Who told the Jehanpanah about this ?” gave way to a cackle. “No meat,” he murmured, and burst into “You are a persistent scoundrel, Abidi. Well, fresh laughter. He saw the serious face of if you’d like to know, it was Shahji Bhonsle’s the counselor and sobered up. son, Shivaji, or whatever name he called by.” “I remember now,” he said. “I had ordered the butchers to remove themselves from “I understand, Alijah. May I withdraw ?” the centre of the city and move to the The Sultan nodded and Abidi walked out. outskirts in the south.” The king turned his attention to the girl. “No meat,” he murmured and burst into a “But why, Alijah?” loud cackle. “For communal harmony. I want to avoid hatred and unhappiness among my Hindu Abidi returned crestfallen. But under- subjects, and I do not want to offend their currents of rage seethed within him. A religious sentiments. They worship the thirteen-year-old Hindu boy to tell the cow, you know. I have done it in the Sultan to stop butchering of cows ! This interests of internal peace.” was indeed audacious, extra ordinary !

Abidi was taken aback. He was curious to know what power the “Jahapanah, the butchers have been there boy had over the king. The damned since Allah knows when. Why this sudden Maratha ! change?” The three begums fluttered around him like A female attendant came in with a goblet moths around a flame. The wanted to know of wine and a long glass in a small round what had happened. But he was tray. She poured the wine into the glass exasperated. He only thought of the boy and gave it to the Sultan. The Sultan who had made the king obey him. drank it with relish. In the days that went by, he met other nobles, and each in his own way felt “I heard you got a new wife” he asked insulted. They felt that the king was a Abidi. good and understanding man but undue Abidi looked at the king. pressure had been brought on him by a “Why the change, Alijah?” he asked again. boy. So, the boy had insulted them by cutting off their supply of meat in the name “Oh, that ! It was not sudden. You know of religion. The boy was dangerous. If he I love my subjects. Only nobody told me could influence the Sultan now, how much that the Hindus were perpetually hating power would he not wield when he grew the Muslims because of the slaughter of up ! cows. I have not stopped the slaughter, only I shifted the slaughtering houses.” They conspired to get rid of Shivaji. There were only two ways : either Shivaji should VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 42 SHIVAJI IN STORIES be killed or he should be driven out of Kasim guffawed, “I know the boy. How Bijapur. can he be responsible, master?” Abidi lost his temper. Kasim was a fool, an The conspirators met in the entertainment imbecile. hall of Mir Amjad Abidi’s house. Five peers “He told the Sultan,” he said hotly, “and sprawled on the soft divans, quaffing wine, the Sultan got rid of all of you.” chewing betel leaves and nuts, and enjoying the dance of Gulbadan. “That’s a rotten thing to do,” Kasim conceded. The guard announced the arrival of Kasim “But we will rectify matters,” Shahabuddin Querishi, a butcher. said. “Tomorrow you will sell meat on the Abidi clapped his hands and the dance highway. Shivaji will pass that way. If stopped. Gulbadan withdrew with her anything happens, we will be there to take musicians. all necessary action.” Kasim Querishi walked in. He was a “What will happen?” Kasim asked, puzzles. medium-heighted, rough-looking man, with “And what will the Sultan say? It would thick moustaches and thicker muscles. His be breaking the law!” face looked as if cut out of stone and it “Do not worry about the Sultan. We will looked cruel, brutal. His head was clean answer him. It’s Shivaji we have to worry shaven. He was dark and bestiality seemed about.” to drip from every pore of his body. He made an uneasy bow to the nobles, Kasim was all brawn and really thick- salaaming them. headed. “Why? Shivaji is only a chokra. As big as Abidi spoke : “Kasim, you have been my little finger.” forbidden by the king to sell meat on the “He is a noble’s son, you know. He might highway. Where are you selling meat now?” pick a quarrel with you, or abuse you. If he doesn’t, we want you to provoke him “In the southern part of the city, master.” to do so.” Kasim said, his voice gruff and rasping. Some sense seemed to dawn on Kasim. “Very few people come all the way to buy “We don’t know. But will you do as we meat there. It is too far away. We will say?” have to give up our trade if this should go Abdul Samad Khan threw a bag of coins. on.” “You want to kill the boy?” he asked. The bag fell at the butcher’s feet with a “Don’t do that,” said Shahabuddin, a peer loud jingle. of realm. “Do you know who was “It is yours if you provoke the lad,” he responsible for all this?” said. “The Sultan, master.” Kasim picked up the bag. “It shall be done, “No, you idiot. It was Shahji’s son Shivaji” master.” - Mirza Ismail, another noble, said. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 43 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

“Tomorrow , at the time when Shivaji Kasim saw the boy and his face twitching passes on the highway to the durbar, with contempt. Others saw him and remember to be there.” wondered what the little boy could do. “Yes, master.” He was dismissed. Mujahid Asafuddaulah Swiftly, Shivaji drew his sword and slashed. quaffed the wine. Before anyone could even squeak, the head of Kasim Querishi rolled on the ground. “Send for Gulbadan,” he said. “The sight Shivaji calmly sheathed his sword and of the butcher has upset mu stomach.” walked back to his horse. He got on to it Abidi clapped his hands and the guard and rode back homewards. There seemed appeared. to be a great peace in his heart, and the “Tell Gulbadan to come in,” he ordered. calmness on his face suggested it. The music began and Gulbadan danced. There were hoarse shouts of dismay and Next day, the people were shocked to see consternation. Everyone began to talk. Kasim Querishi sitting at the city gates with There was even fear on some of the faces. a basketful of meat. The people flocked in Then, soldiers came rushing up, led by Abidi, numbers to buy the meat, but the prices Mirza Ismail, Shahabuddin, Mujahid were exorbitant and prohibitive. Quarrels Asafuddaulah and Abdul Samad Khan. They rose in the air, and soon everyone was had expected a quarrel, a wordy battle, a shouting at everyone else. hot exchange of harsh words, not a death. Shivaji rode his horse with ease. He was a short lad of thirteen, with an aquiline nose, The whole scene looked confusing, and thin lips and a determined chin. He was people ran helter-skelter. Before long, dressed in the rich clothes of a courier Bijapur was ringing with the name of Shivaji and was on his way to the durbar. He saw and his killing of the butcher. There was the furore and stopped. tension in the city now. The Muslims looked at the Hindus with apprehension. Fear Kasim saw the boy and grinned. Shivaji lurked in the alleys and by lanes. A Hindu saw him at the same instance and was boy had killed a Muslim. What would a shocked. Selling meat on the highway was Hindu man do? forbidden. Kasim came up to Shivaji and said belligerently, “Does the young master Abidi looked at the gathering throng and want some cow’s meat?” said :“Justice will be done. The king shall be informed and Shivaji punished.” He laughed at his own joke and began to display the meat to everybody. Shivaji’s But he was angry that his plan had misfired. face darkened with shame. There was a He had wanted to kill Shivaji and in the blaze in his eyes. He jumped from the confusion nobody would have known. Fate horse and rushed at Kasim. had turned the tables, and only regret was VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 44 SHIVAJI IN STORIES left behind. Everyone went his way. The body of Kasim was left to rot in the market “Thank you, father.” place. The nobles went to the king. Shivaji touched his father’s feet and walked out. Shahji saw him go and started with “You’re strange boy, Shiva. You are my puzzlement. He would never understand son and yet you are a stranger to me. the boy. A very strange boy ! What do you hope to achieve? You insult the king in the durbar by not bowing to Abidi met the Sultan. “Still no meat, him and make yourself ridiculous in the eyes Mr.Amjad Abidi?” the king queried and of the peers of the realm. You are only laughed boisterously. boy and yet you behave so differently. And you have the audacity to tell me that you “A dreadful thing has happened, Alijah. A cut off a butcher’s head just because he crime has been committed. Shivaji has sold meat by the city gates. What’s wrong murdered a butcher.” with you, Shiva? Are you ill?” The king laughed some more. “No cow’s Shivaji looked at his father, his eyes meat, so you are after human meat ! So unflinching, his face stern and rigid. you have cut a butcher.” Abidi looked exasperated. “Shivaji had committed a “He provoked me to buy cow’s meat, father. crime, Jehanpanah.” Please let me go away from here, father. I’m sick of this city life, this pomp and “Oh that ! The butcher disobeyed the law ceremony, these intrigues of the court….” and Shivaji must have enforced it. Probably, Shivaji was a little over- “Where would you go?” the father asked, enthusiastic.” puzzled. “A son should stay with his father and follow in his footsteps.” Abidi bowed and withdrew. As he walked out, he heard the king say, “No meat,” and “I am born of the Sahyadris, father. I will burst out into a loud laughter. go back to the mountains and the open spaces. I will go back to the earth I belong Abidi bit his lip. His other nobles met him to, the soil I love and to the people whom outside in the courtyard. The laughter I know and understand.” Shahji looked seemed to follow him. The Sultan would puzzled. pay for this cruel joke. “Come, my friends, we have much work to do,” he said. “There will be hell to pay for what you’ve done. All right, go. I’ll tell Dadaji Kondadev He set about planning the Sultan’s downfall. to take you to Lal Mahal, to my Jagir at Poona.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 45 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

The Capture of Torna

ROUND the crackling fire they any designs on his forts in Maharashtra. A sat, the pungent smell of wood- Governor with a small garrison guarded Asmoke filling their nostrils. The Torna, as if it were a police chowki for the attendants fetched them warm drinks which preservation of local law and order. A they imbibed. Then Shivaji started to Governor was no great official of address them. He enquired about the fruits government ; he was only a local head- and food crops. He asked about the local man paid by the Sultan for his allegiance people, their problems, altogether a variety and allowed to lord over the local Mavalis of questions. Gradually, he came to the with the authority of the Sultan in far away point. “This fort of Torna,” he said, “is a Bijapur. good place. If we could get it, it would be a place of our own. From here I could To the Governor, Shivaji dispatched three keep in easy touch with all of you. We of his active Mavali chiefs. They were the must get it.” “Hoi,” came the chorus from ones who had shown earliest enthusiasm the three chiefs. for Shivaji’s idea of consolidating the Hindu “But how ?” element in the area and gradually taking “Not difficult,” Shivaji explained to them, the administration of that territory into his for he knew the life of the land. own hands. Yesaji Kunk, “Do we attack it ?” one of the Deshmukhs and Baji Pasalkar were the names of these asked. three chiefs which indicate nothing now, “It would be better if the Governor could except that they were the men who took be induced to give it up,” Shivaji replied. the initiative in uttering the first “hoi” to Shivaji. “Hoi,” came the chorus once again. They “Hoi” meant instinctive obedience to had understood the point the young Jagirdar Shivaji. When uttered in a quick staccato was making. It would be a grand thing if monosyllable, it left no time for questioning the Governor could be made to give it up. ; it allowed for no argument; “Hoi” or “yes” “Hoi,” the chiefs agreed. They nodded their it was lending their support to Shivaji’s heads in unison. spoken word. The idea of inducing the Governor to hand over was good, but not “We will tell him that you have news from forceful enough and was not sufficiently Bijapur to take charge of the fort,” one of convincing if the Governor wanted proof the chiefs volunteered. Torna was of such a communication. What was lacking inadequately garrisoned by the Bijapur in conviction or authority could be made forces, it not being even remotely up by an alluring offer of the yellow metal. suspected by the Sultan that anyone had A bag of gold could work well ! VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 46 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji bought out the gold required, for the heir to the estate that it should be so the idea of owning the fort of Torna spent. Kondadev had no option but to appealed to him. Gold enough and to give his young master the gold he wanted. spare, would always be available, but forts were few, and with possession of the forts So went the chiefs at Shivaji’s bidding on there came security, stability, strategic the first successful errand of diplomacy, power. Shivaji had borrowed the gold from but not without a price, which, however, Dadaji Kondadev. So long as it was for did not matter. In 1646 Torna came into the protection of the Jagir, it was worth Shivaji’s hands, the first fortress of his spending, Shivaji had argued with his old dreams. guardian. In any case, it was the wish of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 47 SHIVAJI IN STORIES of Sanskrit verses, gone his deep THE BAIT absorbtion over reports from the districts and the unending accounts ! After all, this was inevitable. The old order changed, yielding place to new. HE old man lay ill. The blurred vision and the inaudible speech The death of Dadaji Kondadev found Shiva told their own tale. Dadaji Kondadev T ready for his task. He had already been was to pass into the pages of a glorious trained in martial exercises and civil past soon. Young Shivaji sat by the man administration. He had familiarised himself who had been his friend, guide, and loyal with the troops of his father’s western jagir subject. He held the aged hands in his and the people he would have to govern. own and tried to infuse warmth into it. Shivaji had also taken part with his mother Induction was of no use, now. For the or his guardian in judicial investigations and past few days Shivaji had not left the side public decisions of legal disputes. of his master. He had nursed him with the devotion of a son. After the death of Dadaji it was Shivaji’s aim to bring all parts of Shahji’s Jagir under With the premonition of death the old man his own control, so as to form a compact turned his eyes on Shivaji. He seemed to state under a single supremacy. The fort be muttering some incoherent words. of Chakan guarding the road to Poona from Shivaji bent his head low to catch the the north had been entrusted by Dadaji words that said faintly, “Forgive me if I Kondadev to Firangoji Narsala, who later have ever spoken harshly to you, Bal Raje, professed allegiance to Shivaji and was it had been only for your good.” Shivaji confirmed in his past. The officers of the assured him accordingly and stammered out Thanas Baramati and Indapur on the eastern a request for forgiveness on his part, if he margin of the Jagir peacefully submitted had caused his tutor any worry. The to Shiva’s authority. prescience of the dying inspired Dadaji to a sudden realisation of Shivaji’s destiny, Thus inch by inch Shivaji was scaling up and he advised him to restore the old the slippery wall of power, when a sudden virtues of Sanatana Dharma, when he rose check was brought in by alarming news to the peaks of power. from Karnataka. Shivaji got news that his With these words the old man departed father was arrested and all his property for his heavenly abode. was confiscated by the Bijapur Commander- in-Chief. Shahji was brought out from Shivaji keenly felt the loss of Dadaji. He prison one day and told that he would be knew how much he owed to him. The outer bricked up alive unless Shivaji presented courtyard in the palace at Poona seemed himself at Bijapur. He was chained to the sadly changed. Gone was the figure that back of the niche and masons began to bent over the low desk, containing scrolls brick the entrance. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 48 SHIVAJI IN STORIES great purple hand arrogantly out-spread, Shivaji was in a terrible dilemma. He could had to be treated with the same respect only resort to diplomacy for rescuing his as an utterance of the Emperor from his father, and diplomacy pointed only to one throne. In the letter to Shahji Prince Murad path. The Moghul Emperor was the wrote, “Be free from anxiety. A dress of hereditary enemy of Adil Shah and every rebel against Bijapur was sure to gain the Emperor’s patronage. Shivaji realised that Moghul Emperor alone was strong enough to intimidate Adil Shah.

A plan slowly took shape. A few days later a special messenger took a letter to Prince Murad Bakhsh, who had been recently appointed by Shahjahan as Viceroy of Deccan. Shivaji wrote to Prince Murad Bakhsh entreating him to secure the Emperor’s pardon for Shahji, his father and protection for him and his sons in the future, and offering to come and join the Moghul service.

To this Murad replied on 14th March, 1649 asking him to send a trustworthy agent first to report his demands. honour has been sent to you as a mark of Accordingly, Raghu Pandit was sent to our favour. We trust that by its arrival as report. Shivaji’s messenger was treated a good omen you will appreciate the extent with flattering consideration. Prince Murad of our Imperial Condescension.” Bakhsh wrote gracious letters not only to Shivaji but also (further to embarrass And to Shivaji it was writer : “You, Shivaji, Bijapur) to Shahji imprisoned behind the worthy of magnanimous treatment, brick wall. It was a strange reversal of recipient of our favour have implored fortune for Shahji. Imperial help and your letter is pleasing to An Imperial letter could not be withheld. us.” The Sultan of Bijapur had no The stiff sheet bordered with elegant alternative now but to order Shahji’s designs and stamped with the seal of a release from his tomb of bricks. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 49 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The Tales of Valour that Rock-Forts Tell

E decided to take a drive water supply was not forgotten. Even a along the high road from small fort like Satara can boast of more WPoona to Satara through Katraj than one tank and a well that supplied Pass. We sped past the mango groves of excellent drinking water even today after Shivapur, past the ancient town of Shirwal. a century of neglect.” A number of forts raised up their heads like grim sentinels reminding one of the Torna was Shivaji’s maiden effort in the glory of a monarch who dared to defy the art of King-craft. The eaglet had spread might of the Moghuls. There stood out its infant wings on to the immense field Sinhagad for the capture of which Tanaji of life. The wild expanse of hills and plains Malusare gave up his life. There also stood lay before him for his exploration, or was it forts of Purandhar and Vajragad, that exploitation ? The shrewd eyes alighted witnessed the valour of Murar Baji, and with precision on Torna, twenty miles from hallowed by the memory of Saint Poona. With a swift strategic swoop Torna Ram Das and Satara, the capital of Maratha was firmly clasped, and he went on to other Empire. pursuits.

Fort after fort with its battlements and Shivneri has the unique privilege of having reinforcements, that we passed, spoke welcomed the infant Shivaji into the world. volumes of Shivaji’s military genius. The There Jija Bai had bent her head in fervent sites were generally atop hills accessible prayer to Bhavani the Mother Goddess only by narrow and steep foot-paths that whose shrine once adorned the place. The zigzagged along unscalable precipices. fort which was once in the possession of They were all defended by stout stone Shahji was later taken over by the Moghul. walls. The hill sides were rendered difficult More than once Shivaji tried and failed to to approach by bushes of thorny opuntia, recover the place. Raigad, the stronghold that forms the common feature of the of Shivaji’s power and prowess, overlooks vegetation in these places. As the eyes the immense blue expanse of the Arabian roved over the forts, my mind raced back Sea on one side and the purple range of a few years and recalled the account of hills on the other. Stupendous in its the Military Tactics of the Marathas by enormity, Raigad was the witness of many Surendra Nath Sen that I had read. There important events in this monarch’s life. It he states that the forts were well equipped was in 1656 that Shivaji attacked this eerie – “every fort was provided with a of Chandra Rao More and ousted him to Darukhana or a power house and Ambar take life-long possession of it. This place Khana or store-room for provisions. The still echoes the Vedic incantations of the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 50 SHIVAJI IN STORIES red letter day in Jija Bai’s life – the fort is built on a summit of the same flat- coronation of her son as Chhatrapathi. An topped rock which rises up dizzy precipices, account of this imposing ceremony is left nearly fifty feet high. Shivaji captured this for posterity by Henry Oxinden, an fort in 1670 and added it to his collection Englishman, who was present at the time. of other strongholds. Apart from this, Raigad claims the unique Purandhar, the bone of contention, was privilege of being the scene of the wedding repeatedly besieged by the Bijapurians and ceremony of Rajaram, Shivaji’s son. Jija Moghuls. Twice wrested from the invaders, Bai, the contented mother, closed her eyes the defence of this fort lost for Shivaji after 80 long years at this very place, Murar Baji, one of his ablest soldiers. Stout which later saw also the last hours of in defence, wily in attack, this fort was Shivaji himself on the fateful day of April the witness of many pitched battles. 3, 1680.

Rohida, sacred to Mavalis as the hide- out from which they swore allegiance to Shivaji in his mission to win freedom from Moghul yoke is built on a spur of the Sahyadri range. All that remains of it today is Purandhar fort, 18 miles to the south-east its dilapidated walls relieved by fifteen of Poona, stands on an elevation and water reservoirs, that whisper to us across frowns upon the land below even now. the years the concern and skill with which It was at Pratapgarh that Afzal Khan had Shivaji equipped his forts. Rohida it is said his momentous meeting with Shivaji. The was the first among the earlier forts to fall eastern side of the lower fort is sanctified into Chhatrapathi’s hands. by a temple dedicated to Bhavani, where Shivaji spent many hours in prayer. It is Sinhgad, the scene of a sacrifice – Tanaji’s said that this fort was built by Moropant immolation at the altar of his country’s at the command of Shivaji. It stands on a freedom ! One almost visualises the rope high rock near the source of River Krishna ladder suspended from the cliff by which and commands full view of the surrounding Tanaji ascended the high walls of Sinhgad. country. A tower built by Shivaji stands The agility of his leap, the ingenuity of his out from the eastern side, - it is this that plan is even today a saga fit for the bards houses the remains of Shivaji’s adversary, to eulogise. Sinhgad tops the cliff which Afzal Khan. forms the Sinhgad-Bhuleswar range. This VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 51 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The hill-fort of Vasota stands at the head bastions. Today the large and handsome of a small valley which branches off from entrance welcomes visitors to peep back Koyna. It is built on a flat and looks down through three centuries and read from the on the valley below. The land round and stone battlements the story of the people about this fort is said to be very ancient. who fought a successful battle against It was once in the possession of the Shirkes tyranny. and the Mores from whom Shivaji acquired it. Shivaji’s determined efforts to secure the fortified isle of Janjira and his constant The most impregnable hill fort of Mahuli inability to do so made him anxious to was the scene of repeated assaults by possess and equally fortified island to Shivaji who at last captured it. The protect his vessels. An intensive survey thunder of hoof-beats still resound along of the coast was made by Shivaji’s sardars. the three terraces. Once in the possession After long deliberations the rock opposite of Shahji it was captured from him by Khan Jaman and later retrieved by Shivaji.

Set amongst a triangular formation of hills, Sajjangad stands today as a testimony to the devotion of royal disciple to his master. The fort stands on a scrap of black rock built up in places. The sheer height to which it rears up makes all approach difficult. It is said that Shivaji captured this hill-fort and gifted it t o his master, Ramdas. Panhala crowns the hill that rises above the plains of Kolhapur. Three magnificent double gate-ways guarded by a flight of steps stand as testimony to the builder’s skill. Of these three gate-ways, Malvan was chosen as the site fit for two have been mutilated beyond repair. It Sindhu Durga. This extensive fort, with was after a long and protracted attack its irregular projecting points and deep Shivaji was able to wrest Panhala from inundations, measures more than two miles. Bijapur. This fort has the decided advantage of not having a single point outside its Janjira, the fortified island, lies at the neck ramparts, which is not commanded from of a creek, girdled by walls that rise to a some point from inside. A shrine dedicated sheer height of 40-50 feet. The water to Shivaji himself is a special feature of laps in low rhythm against battlements that this fort. Surat, the premier port of the are strongly loop-holed. Their surfaces Moghul Empire in the latter half of the are interrupted at equal intervals by 19 VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 52 SHIVAJI IN STORIES seventeenth century, was twice sacked by Shivaji, first in 1664 and again in 1670. The Re-Union

It was the greatest commercial centre in India for the distribution of Persian, Arabian, Egyptian, African, Chinese and HIVAJI loved mountains. He European commodities ; besides this it was loved the vision of vast the principal Centerport for the products Sstretching lands, and loved of Gujarat and the Malabar Coasts on the dreaming of bringing those vast lands all one hand and for the inland produce as far together, uniting them to make them into as Patna, Agra, Lahore, Kashmir on the one country where all shall be brothers and other. No other port could rival its traffic, sisters, no matter what caste, creed or wealth, prosperity and fame. religion they ascribed to themselves. That was his vision. That was his dream. And Shivaji raided Surat from the 6th to the the dream coming true seemed remote to 10th of January, 1664. The port of Surat him, when as a boy of fourteen he watched stood on the south bank of Tapti, 12 miles Adil Shah’s troops rout and rampage his from the sea ; but the city close to the Poona Jagir. Dadaji Kondadev’s experience, port was quite defenseless ; it had no walls wisdom, administrative and battle skills did to protect it. Its wealth was boundless. not save it a bit. “The looting was unresisted and extended over four long days and nights and Shivaji Shiva pondered over the situation. Why scorned to carry away anything but gold, did this happen ? He had a Jagir. The silver, pearls, diamonds and such precious people of the Jagir were his, and he had ware.” an army of sorts composed of his own subjects. And there was Dadaji to head it On October 3, 1670, Shivaji raided it for efficiently, to plan a campaign. Yet they the second time. He had 15,000 strong could not even put up a feeble resistance cavalry and artillery with him. He ransacked against Adil Shah’s troops. They were it and appropriated a rich booty worth Rs.66 simply hunted down and hounded like Lakhs. helpless animals in the open. In the open! Many more such forts lie scattered over That is it. That was what caused these Maharashtra proclaiming the genius of a defeats, thought Shiva. They were in the single individual who dared, and open, with nothing to protect them, and a successfully subdued, the might of the powerful assault could scatter his forces. foreign hordes that tyrannised Bharat. He must have a fort and he must take one, wrench it out of the hands of the Bijapur Sultan, and with it as his stronghold, go on taking others. His Jagir must expand, and everywhere there must be forts to defend the expanding land. While Shiva VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 53 SHIVAJI IN STORIES loved mountain ranges, he was obsessed warrior. I would not like to hunt him down with the desire to acquire forts. like a criminal or humiliate him. I wish you would control him as a father should,” he By this time he was thirty-four, the dream said. born out of a consuming love and obsession had come true. The forts of Torna, Kalyan, Shahji pleaded with Adil Shah that Shivaji Pratapgarh, Kondana, Purandhar, Panhala was only a “boy” and his young blood was and Rairi were his. His Jagir was now a playing mischief. The lad of eleven and Rajya, stretching over vast areas. Adil odd years he sent away to Poona to be Shah, who routed and rampaged his Poona cared for by Dadaji was all Shahji Jagir effortlessly, had now to labour hard remembered of Shiva. He would talk to to keep his own territories in his grip. He Shiva, and bring him round, make him desist was none too pleased by it. Shiva had to from the rebellious acts. Adil Shah agreed be checked. That he was a power to reckon with Adil Shah knew. To hunt him and bring him down from the position he had ascended to by sheer genius, effort and persistence was no mean task. And Adil Shah loathed exerting that much. Instead, he planned to tackle Shiva on the sentimental front. Shahji, now 68, was still at his Court. The boy Shiva had now grown into a man. He had not seen his father for over a quarter of a century. Why not play that it was the best way. The forts he the old man against the young man, rouse had so far captured could be retained by the love and longing that remained Shiva, but he was to refrain from making imprisoned within so long without finding further assaults on Bijapur territories. A expression and prop them up as a barrier written treaty to the effect had to be to the rebellion in the young man’s heart ? entered into.

Adil Shah sent for Shahji. “Your son is Shahji, with his second wife Tuka Bai and becoming an incorrigible rebel. For your son Vyankoji started for Jejuri, the sake, what he did had been tolerated so rendezvous he had fixed for meeting far. But he is getting too much out of Shivaji. A date was fixed for the meeting, hand. He is a courageous man and a good and Shivaji waited with an eager, yearning VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 54 SHIVAJI IN STORIES heart to meet his father. Shahji visited in front of Khandoba temple and as Shahji the temples en route Jejuri paying homage alighted, Shiva stepped forward, both to the family deity Bhavani at Tuljapur, eager, their hearts pounding with worshipping at the family shrine at anticipation. Shivaji at once fell prostrate Shignapur and Vithoba at Pandharpur. before his father, stretching full length with his forehead resting on the feet of the old The meeting between the long separated man. Shahji’s eyes were moist as he bent father and son was to be a historic event. and raised his boy up by the shoulders and Shahji’s career at the Bijapur Court had in stood staring mutely at the young man, no way enslaved him or erased his love of trying in vain to reconstruct the scenes of his own people. En route Jejuri, his visit the twenty-five years that had lapsed in to the shrines and the lands he crossed shaping the lad of eleven into this youth brought to him nostalgic memories. He of thirty-four, his body erect with the pride longed to see his son, who brought this of his achievements, and his head bent in feeling of oneness to his people. Shivaji loveable, endearing humility befitting his on his part longed equally to see his father, cultured ancestry. Jija Bai with here savour the paternal love and affection he daughter-in-law came forward with the missed during the long years, and his heart welcoming flame of scented camphor, and yearned for the fortunate, joyous the family entered the temple to prostrate experience of seeing his father and mother before the deity, to thank Her with side by side. To his noble, devoted heart, overflowing emotion for the sheer joy of nothing was more pious than having the this reunion. darshan of his parents together. He awaited Shivaji took his father and the rest of the the visit of his father, at the age of thirty- family to their ancestral home at Poona. four, with the eagerness of a ten-year-old Here, during the monsoon they were left lad. to bask in the warmth of the togetherness Jejuri, the insignificant little town, had where even Shiva’s step-mother Tuka Bai overnight become the place of importance, and her son Vyankoji were drawn into the the historic land-mark of the meeting close circle of family ties and were bound between the father and son. Shivaji came by its love. Towards the end of the down to Jejuri from his capital Pratapgarh, monsoon Shahji made ready to go back. had residences for his father and entourage Now had come the time to put forth the built in Jejuri with all comforts and pomp errand upon which he came. The ground befitting his illustrious status as a grand had been prepared. Shiva had been noble of a Princely Court. He waited for thawed in the warmth of paternal love. his father in the premises of Khandoba temple at Jejuri. With him were his mother, “Shiva, you look fine, and you look happy wives Sai Bai and Soyara Bai and his close amidst your own people, and the people of associate, Moro Pingle. At last the retinue Maharashtra look upon you with love and came into sight and the notes of welcoming respect. Yet this is a hard life, the life of music filled the air. The palanquin stopped a soldier subject to hardships of a never- VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 55 SHIVAJI IN STORIES ending war, of refuge in mountains. Why soil that gave you birth and to own it is don’t you join the Court of Adil Shah ?” your birthright. And the yearning to enjoy Shivaji did not lack the respect to this birthright is the flame that is burning understand Shahji’s love that made him in the frame of his son, glowing in his eyes speak thus and so was not prompted to and sharpening his intellect, to plan ever answer in a manner that might humiliate or new campaigns to free it further, inch by wound the feelings of his father. And yet, inch if necessary, be it however hard a in the firm small frame of his son, who never task. A mixture of two different emotions even sat in the presence of his father, lest enveloped Shahji - the regret that his was it should be a breach of respect that is a not the mind that envisioned this glorious father’s due from his son, Shahji sensed scheme and the pride that the mind which the obstinacy of an independent mind. The conceived this glorious future for his country form that stood before him, with head bent was his own offspring. Shivaji read the low in utter respect and humility, would understanding and pride in his father’s eyes never stand in similar submission before and heaved a sigh of relief. To ignore this Adil Shah, he realised. beloved old man’s command and disregard him was a loathsome prospect to his noble He tried to point out that a treaty with mind. Yet, to give in, and be enable at Adil Shah would be an honour. If Shiva the Adil Shah Court was a prospect equally were not considered a force and power of loathsome. The comfort and luxury of a equal distinction, why should Adil Shah opt noble’s life at Court did not compare with for a treaty ? Why should he not march the pure joy of freedom, of working shoulder his forces against Shiva and rout him ? to shoulder with his brethren, building brick But the flattery of being equaled with a by brick the fortress of freedom. Upon King was lost on Shivaji, the proud son of their return to the capital, Shahji the soil whose heart was set on freeing it commended his son on what he achieved, for the habitation of his own creed. This and said. longing, this independent mind, was beyond the comprehension of Shahji, who “My son, your achievements are part of a traditionally served in the Court and was a vision. It is a limited vision at first, a loyal subject. With the intent to make a yearning to establish for yourself a small final effort to understand his son, he went but free stronghold. But it is a growing round the Rajya his son had acquired. The vision, destined to reach the far off survey revealed his son’s heart and mind horizons. Today, you have expanded a to Shahji. The entire land was free - small Jagir into a Rajya with fortresses that freedom pervaded the atmosphere here. can withstand and ward off foreign Here you could pursue your ancestral invasions. Tomorrow this will expand into occupations without interference from an Empire uniting our entire country and anybody. Here your religion and your faith making the entire soil of our Bharat Varsh were not tampered with by someone who free, - as free as it was in the bygone did not understand them. This was the days of Rama and Yudhisthira. I am proud VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 56 SHIVAJI IN STORIES of you, my son, for you shall be the A NATIONAL HERO IN architect of this glorious Empire. I failed in my duty as a husband in providing any THE MOULDING happiness to Jija, but she had fulfilled her part of the marital duties and gave me the supreme happiness of being the father of ONGUES of leaping flame lit up such a son.” the evening sky as the pyre burnt Tfiercely, consuming the last remains Shiva stood, humble and happy and Shahji of a dauntless Maratha soldier who had saw in him still that strappling lad of eleven died of an accidental fall from his galloping whom he sent to Dadaji. He placed his horse. Not far from the crackling fire-woods arm around his son, and advised : stood the statuesque figure of a woman, “To retain what you have achieved, Shiva, brave and faithful, - Jija Bai, shocked you require an impregnable fort. Pratap beyond belief at the loss of one whom she Gargh and other forts can hold back loved most. In deference to the age-old against terrible attacks, but to withstand custom of sati, she was ready to immolate major assaults you have to build a strong herself on her husband’s pyre. As the young fortress on an advantageous spot. Rairi widow paced up to the blazing fire, she should serve this purpose well. Expand paused for a moment to look over the your Rajya further, but please keep away shoulders at her son. She stood transfixed, from the Adil Shahi territories, for I cam gazing on him. It was a crucial moment here promising to attain that treaty from that changed the course of history. Then you. For more than half a century I had a voice was heard : been a noble at that Court, sallied through Adil Shah’s displeasures, and enjoyed his “Mother if you also die, who will live to favour and trust. Let me not, in my old inspire me ? My dream of freeing our age fail in the mission upon which I had countrymen from the shackles of slavery come. The promise shall bind you only till will languish for want of your support. Oh, my death.” Shiva understood his father - Mother, the country needs you at this grim and entered into the treaty that satisfied hour of trial.” the Bijapur Sultan. His mission completed, Shahji unwillingly retraced his course to These were the beseeching words of the Bijapur with Tuka Bai and Vyankoji - his son, who was chosen by destiny to become heart heavy with the grief of parting from a mighty force, moving the very soul of his beloved son. Shivaji’s promise to his India, Chhatrapathi Shivaji. For Jija Bai it father to honour the treaty bound him but was no longer a conflict of duties. She for a short while, for, within three years of felt the defiance of tradition was as much the historical reunion, Shahji breathed his the fulfillment of her duties as of her son’s last. will to redeem the country’s honour. She retraced her steps. As one goes to the haunts of Shivaji’s childhood, one sees how VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 57 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

The famous story of the daughter-in-law of the Subhedar of Kalyan being brought to him after the defeat of the Subhedar is far too well- known. Shivaji treated this beautiful captive with great dignity and respect and returned her laden with gifts of clothes to her husband. Another incident relates how Shivaji imprisoned one of his own Sardars who attempted to hurt the wife of one of the far his mother was instrumental in moulding enemy officers after his surrender. This his destiny. She was his companion in play respect towards women was ingrained in and learning. The heroes of yore with their the mind of Shivaji mainly because of his deeds of valour paraded before young mother’s influence upon him, and the anger Shivaji’s eyes as he sat on her lap listening to her narration, in rapt attention.

Jija Bai’s training of Shivaji included the inculcation of a deep sense of revulsion against every injustice meted out to women. A sister-in- law of Jija Bai had been spirited away by the Moghuls when she had gone for a bath to the river Godavari. The hatred born in Jija Bai because of this cruel act and the historic jauhar committed by that she succeeded in creating in his heart Padmini, the queen of Chitore, because of was solely against the ill-treatment of Allaudin Khiliji’s lust for her, was too deep women under the Moghuls. to be eradicated. All this left an indelible It was Jija Bai who urged her son to win mark on Shivaji who, in similar the battle against the 50,000 soldiers of circumstances, when the Patil of Ranja the Bijapur kingdom near Pratapgarh. It dishonoured a woman, punished him by was she who inspired him to enter the camp chopping off his hands and legs. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 58 SHIVAJI IN STORIES of the Moghul emperor, in spite of lakhs of soldiers stationed in it. It was again she who aroused his anger against the THE TRAITOR treacherous Baji Ghorpade, whose disloyalty had led to the arrest of Shivaji’s father. “THAT is one good thing The effort of Shivaji to set up an accomplished,” Shivaji said, and Jijabai independent state did not always meet agreed. The capture of Purandar fort was with success. There were times when indeed a good beginning for Swarajya. brave men like Murar-Baji were lost, when Shivaji had to accept compromises in spite But a thoughtful look came into his eyes of his own wishes. There were several as he gazed from the parapet of the newly- setbacks and times of depression when won fort. Shivaji’s mother alone could rekindle the flame of faith and enthusiasm in his heart. On a nearby hill stood the Rudramal fort - “Those who are frightened of obstacles and and on that fluttered the flag of the Sultan hard work have no right to expect victory,” of Bijapur. was the challenge that Jija Bai often placed before her son when he talked of giving up “That fort”, Shivaji mused aloud, “is a the whole fight and even his ambition, perpetual threat to Purandar.” And it was momentarily. She pointed out to him her true. A cannon ball from Rudramal could own widowed state and asked him, “If your have easily struck at the heart of Purandar. ambition is to be given up so easily, why did you stop me when I was about to “There is only one thing to do, to safeguard commit sati ?” These admonitions were Purandar,” Shivaji decided, “and that is to enough to rescue her son from the slough capture Rudramal….” of despondency and lead him on to fresh field of hope and cheer. Preparations were rapidly made and one Jija Bai wanted to make her son a lion of a day Shivaji’s force laid siege to the fort. man ; history has it that she fed him with the milk of a tigress. The warrior king, Days went by but the fort withstood the ruthless in war and chivalrous to women onslaught. “How is it that the fort is still and magnanimous to the defeated was well not in our hands ?” Shivaji wondered. in the making. The seeds of Shivaji’s genius Inquiries were made and he learnt the in warfare, state-craft, religious tolerance cause the Mughal commander of the fort as well as in spirituality were thus sown in was a brave man - and the fort was very the very early years of his life. Mother well stocked. and son succeeded in re-building hopes for humanity’s independence. “Well, if those do not prevail, cunningness has to be used,” Shivaji decided. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 59 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The next day a rumour spread in the area greatness as a leader. But one thing that - “Shivaji is lifting the siege because he is surprised me is that you should have a taking all his forces on an important traitor in your employ…..” campaign in the Konkan.” “Traitor ? “ Shivaji exclaimed, his eyes It was not long before the report reached becoming hard as steel. the commander of the fort.Then one day in the dead of night Shivaji’s forces suddenly “Yes,” the Khan said, “it was he who told struck. Looking at the operation from his us not to believe the rumour of your lifting camp Shivaji confidently expected the the siege….” element of surprise to overwhelm the fort. An ominous silence pervaded the court. But he started at what happened. The Then Shivaji quietly asked. “His name, striking Maratha force Khan ?” was met with instant and determined opposition. But the Khan shook his Quickly sensing that the head. attack had not been a surprise Shivaji deployed “No, Maharaj, I’ve pledged all the forces at his by the Koran that I shall command. Grimly the fort not divulge his name.” held on, till a cannon ball from outside breached a Again silence reigned in wall and Marathas that tense atmosphere. swarmed in. Shivaji’s eyes were After a brief but bloody expressionless. But his battle the fort fell and mind was in a turmoil. His the commander was made prisoner.As the devoted band of freedom fighters had a man was presented in shackles Shivaji traitor among them ! But how could he exclaimed, “Untie him ! I’ve nothing but find him ? respect for a valiant foe….” Then Sardar Rambhaji stepped forward and He made the Khan sit by his side, and said, said, “Maharaj, if there is a traitor among “You are a brave man, and you executed us here is one sure way of destroying him your duty very well. I shall see that you - all of us will jump down the parapet into and your family are sent to Bijapur the valley below……” safely……” Shivaji stared. All his conquering force to embrace death for just one traitor….? “I’m grateful to you, Maharaj” the Moghal said. “Your generosity becomes your VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 60 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji shook his head in the negative. Then the Sardar whispered something and BIRTH OF RAIGARH Shivaji nodded.

Two hundred and fifty Mavalis stood one behind the other for the fatal jump. HIVAJI’s obsession to acquire forts resulted in his conquests “Maharaj,” Rambhaji called out, “he who for establishing an independent hesitates will automatically show himself S state. He now yearned to build a fort, an up as the traitor….” impregnable fort from where he could launch his future campaigns and spread At these words the Mavalis surged forward. his state far and wide until became an Now there was no going back and the first Empire. He thought over his father’s two jumped. suggestion to reinforce and strengthen the fort at Rairi. Surrounded by Sahyadri hills, Immediately the Moghal commander put up this fort had a natural barrier of mountains a hand and exclaimed “Stop! The traitor all around, itself rising steep and high amidst is dead !” them all, a vantage point of survey if enemy approached. To climb the mountain and The guilty man had shown greater anxiety reach the fort on any side was a task near to come forward so that his shame-faced to impossibility. With a strong wall built treachery might not be found out! around, the single entrance garrisoned and ably guarded, this fort indeed would be the kind of the asset that an ambitious Empire builder could dream of.

So Rairi came to be chosen for the centre of action. One day he rode to Rairi with several faithful close followers like Moro Pingle, Sambaji, Abaji Sondev, Kavji, Tanaji, Netaji and others. In their company he made a tour of the existing fort and its surroundings. With meticulous care he went over all the details, noting the few weak joints that were there, discussing the fortifications to be introduced in different areas, until he was satisfied that all the points were established and the construction could be started. He entrusted the task of renovation the fort and reinforcing it to his able companion VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 61 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Abaji Sondev. With dedication did Abaji it not make him unwary of an approaching work on the task that was handed to him, enemy ? After all, your enemy has no need painstakingly going over every detail that to be proud of your impregnable fort. His was discussed during their survey and only concern would be to find loop-holes incorporating them in the construction and the concentration with which the work. Inside the protective walls of the enemy would work to find loop-holes would fort were built residences for Shivaji, his be lacking in the person who surveys his officials and companions, and Council possession with pride. She commended him Houses and Assembly Halls to propagate on the work, “It is beautiful, Shiva. You administrative work and plan future have indeed done well. This is what I had campaigns, as well as barracks and colonies always wanted for you, my son - an to house his soldiers, and a long array of independent abode, a free state, where shops that formed the market to supply all my son shall not have to bow his head they needed. Garrisons were built as guard before anyone. From this fort, this posts at different spots, and the main stronghold, you shall conquer all, you will entrance gate was further strengthened build an Empire. That is my wish and and a posse of able guards was posted to blessing to you my son, and that shall be guard it day and night. Outside, almost at my prayer to Bhavani always. “ She paused the foot-hill, on an elevated spot was built and then continued, “But are you sure, a beautiful house for Jija Bai where she really sure, that the fort is impregnable ? could relax in comfort drinking in the beauty Have you tested its immutable strength, and luxury of the natural splendours that son ?” surrounded her.

The words cleaved a deep line of doubt in It took two years for Abaji to complete Shivaji’s mind. No one knew he had the this fort. And when it was completed doubt there. He still surveyed the fortress everyone realised it was worth those two with the deep pride of a father looking upon valuable years of Abaji’s time. It indeed a champion son. He named it Raigarh. He was an impregnable fort. Shivaji took his shifted his capital there. From there the mother around the fort explaining to her in Mavalis sallied forth on their new campaigns detail all the security measures and and returned victorious. The fort was strongholds in it. Like a young boy gleefully blessed with the charm of luck by Goddess submitting his excellent school report, he Bhavani and that luck spelt victory for beamed with pride, showing off his marvel Shivaji in whichever direction he extended fort to his mother. Jija Bai was happy, his vision. very happy for her son. But she was wary too. A woman born to bear and rear this But through all this, the tiny seed of doubt great soldier, she was wary. Her son was Jija Bai planted in his mind remained green. proud of this fort, and it was indeed worthy And one day he called his companions and of his pride. But should a soldier at any announced his intent to make a time be too sure of his defences ? Would proclamation challenging anyone to enter VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 62 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the fort by any route other than the main The Mahar said, “Yes, Maharaj, if I may be entrance, and offering a reward of a bag permitted to make the effort.” of gold mohars and a gold “Kankan” to one who succeeded in doing so. The large Shivaji said again : “Do you realise that number of people who came forward to the task is not only arduous, but dangerous perform the task attracted by the rich too ? The hill is very steep and there is no reward, were hindered by the very sight beaten track nor good foot-holds. If you of its insurmountability and retreated. At lose your grip you may fall.” last there came a man ; he was short, but stocky ; his legs were short but thick and “Yes, Maharaj, that I know. My family is muscular ; his toes were turned in like the starving and the prize money will be useful paws of an animal and his long arms and if I win it. If I fell and died in the attempt, large palms suggested strength and iron it does not matter, for I must die sooner or grip. later,” said the Mahar. There were other things he did not say. For one thing, it Shivaji looked at the man, whom his guards was not the money alone that tempted brought in and announced the purpose for him. It was the first consideration, though, which he came. The man was obviously a for he was steeped in poverty. But behind son of the soil. His body was of the colour it was the urge for adventure. Besides, as of black earth. He was clad in a small a boy, his only means of play was romping piece of dirty, torn cloth that just covered in the wild growths of the hill and exploring his thighs. It was a last piece that stood avenues in the old fort. The chances were between the animal and the transition to he could do it again. It would be a thrill to an apology for clothing. do something others did not even attempt, and of course that reward could be very “Who are you ? and what is your name?” useful. His thoughts were interrupted by Shivaji asked. Shivaji’s words. “If money is the main “Maharaj, I am a Mahar by caste. I have reason why do you want to try this deadly no name. Being the eldest son in the family task, I will give you enough money. You I am always called ‘Bhau’ (elder brother).” need not endanger your life for it.”

Shivaji smiled. “So be it. What can be The Mahar shook his head. “No, Maharaj, I more suitable as a form of address than would like to earn it.” Bhau? We are all children of the same soil. So I shall call you Bhau.” The Mahar shifted Shivaji stared at the man. Something in uncomfortably ; this great man calling him the man, in his stubborn mind and will, Bhau ; how could it be ? attracted him. “here is a man who has the strength of mind to prop up even a Shivaji continued, “I am told you wish to feeble physique ; such a man can do almost attempt the entry into the fort. Is that anything upon which be set that mind ; so?” and my country is full of such stubborn, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 63 SHIVAJI IN STORIES strong-willed men. Could it be that these breathing, an effortless play. And at the Mahars were the ones that gives birth to top he paused, and stood scratching his the name Maratha ? Then this soil and head. Shivaji had suggested that he should the State I have won is theirs. And with hoist a flag, but where was the flag ? He them behind me, I could conquer anything,” thought for a while, and decided. Untying he thought, and, turning to man, said : the cloth around his waist, he tore it off into two pieces and tying back one to cover “Very well then, go ahead. If you succeed, his nakedness he tied the other piece you hoist a flag beneath the Bhagwa flag beneath the Bhagwa Jhanda. of mine as a proclamation of your achievement.” At the base of the fort, Shivaji patiently sat and waited, talking with his The Mahar bowed and left. Shivaji came companions, balancing the possibilities of down to the gates and watched him as he success and failure of the man. And disappeared into the forest. His mother’s suddenly he narrowed his eyes, and peered words again rang in his ears. “Are you at a small form that emerged by the side sure, really sure, that it is impregnable ?” of the flag. Could it be the Mahar ? His Is it? is it so impenetrable ? doubts were cleared in the next instant by the cloth that fluttered out beneath the The man entered the thick undergrowth. saffron flag. He clapped his hands in glee. It was a steep ascent and the stones were He felt the Mahar’s success was his own slippery, covered with slimy moss, yet, like success. His calling the Mahar “Bhau” was an ape he deftly heaved himself up, his no shallow pretension. keen eyes discerning the almost invisible track he once covered as a boy. His toes The Mahar came down by the normal route gripped like the claws of a wild cat, and from the flag-post ; Shivaji was waiting his hands held like a gorilla’s. Heaving his for him, with the bag of gold and eyes full body up on the strength of small holds which of appreciation. He made the Mahar take the palms held in iron like vice, he reached him to spot where he broke into the fort. the top and climbed the wall, crawling like He ordered a garrison to be built there, a lizard, grappling with his finger tips at and a strong vigilance force to be posted. minute projections in the stones. And then it was over ; he had crossed over the wall That night before he slept, he answered and found himself in the fort. From there his mother’s query in his mind. the rest of the way from turret to turret, pillar to post, jumping from one terrace to “Yes mother, I do really thing it is another was as easy and natural to him as impregnable.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 64 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

RAIGARH versus THE FORCE OF A MOTHER’S LOVE

HIVAJI settled down to the She was always picking quarrels with the complacence of security that girl on some pretext or other, but the good- SRaigarh offered. He was proud of natured girl had also the wisdom not to let his capital and of his impregnable fortress. the quarrels develop by joining the banter His mother’s question was answered, not and let them get out of hand. As much as off-handedly but after testing and proving Ishwar Ram loved his wife for her looks, so its impregnability, by closing down the only much did he respect her for her wisdom weak spot through which the Mahar made and strength of character. And so when it his access to the fort. And so he settled came to the supply of milk to the people down in his capital at Raigarh to carry on inside the fort, he unhesitatingly sent his with a smug assurance of absolute security, pretty young wife, amidst the bantering the task of administering his acquired state soldiering when his mother refused to and of further campaigns to conquer and undertake the job. And Hirakani was indeed control new dominions. But Achilles heel is worth her weight in gold. With her no legend. In each iron-clad self-defence modesty, wit and quick repartee, she did there always remains a tiny loop-hole, a good business without letting the soldiers spot of weakness, which is sometimes get too smart with her. And her good heart known to the defender, sometimes and helpful nature had won their affection unknown. When it is known he is at least so that the banters of the Mavalis meant wary, alert and on the look-out. But when nothing but simple fun, and they all loved he is unaware, the exposure of that weak her like a sister. point comes as a surprise blow. And thus it happened to Shivaji sometime after Hirakani had a son, a lovely baby upon settling down at Raigarh. Shivaji was taken whom she doted with all her being. Come unawares in his complacency. A milk maid, what may she would return from her a coy country girl in her teens foiled the business errand before dusk so that the fool-proof defence of his supposedly baby had her full attention after that and impregnable fortress. also that his feeding might not suffer. Shivaji placed strict orders as to the closing She was Hirakani, the pretty wife of Ishwar and opening of the fort gates. And the Ram, who earned his livelihood by gates, once closed, would not be opened maintaining cows and supplying milk to the again till the next scheduled time, either Villagers. The shifting of the capital from to let anyone go out or come in, even if it Pratapgarh to Rairi gave him the incentive were Shivaji himself. Hirakani always to expand his business by adding new returned before the gates closed, so that numbers to his herd. Pretty Hirakani had her baby did not have to suffer the pangs an amicable disposition and a good heart, of hunger. But one day, in one of the houses and was liked by everyone except her evil- where she usually supplied milk, the tongued, nasty-tempered mother-in-law. soldier’s wife was in labour, with no one to VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 65 SHIVAJI IN STORIES help. Hirakani stayed with her, with some up her mind to do or die, tied her milk pot of the neighbours to help. The helplessness to her waist and climbed up the wall, went of the young mother so moved her, that over it and jumped out. Outside, it was she stayed right by her side, unmindful of pitch dark in the jungle. Night calls of the time till she delivered a healthy boy, predators did not fall on her ears, for she very much alive and kicking. It was only only heard the wailing of her baby in her then, as she was helping the exhausted mind. Snakes slithering in her path did not mother to some milk, that she realised it scare her. She was hardly conscious, was getting dark and someone was lighting hardly aware of what she was doing or the lamp. She mumbled a hurried explanation to the neighbours who protested against her going at such a time and pressed her to stay back, and left in a haste. But when she reached the gates, to her utter dismay, she found them closed. The guards knew her well. She begged them to open just a crack and let her pass. They understood her predicament, sympathised with her, but had to express their helplessness. Shivaj’s orders were strict. They meant exactly what was said in so many how she was going to make the steep words. There was no room for descent on the hill side. A slip would have interpretations or exceptions to his sent her rolling down to certain death. But commands, and none dared defy them. she did not slip. With the tenacity They advised her to go back to the soldier’s strangely sustained by despair she clung house and stay with his wife for the night. to anything she could catch and lowered Distressed and dejected, Hirakani turned herself further and further. At last she back. But instead of going back to the reached the foot-hills and unmindful of her village, she walked along the wall, prowling blistered, bleeding feet and hands, ran like an animal whose instincts are roused. home absorbed in delight, and picked up In her ears droned the crying of her baby. the baby. Her mother-in-law’s invectives She was like a tigress caught in a trap, did not bother her. She was worrying about with her cubs whimpering outside. All her the baby and now she was with him. That instincts woke up – the force of that was all that mattered. As for the invectives uncontrollable love and longing to get back and insinuations of the mother-in-law, she to her hungry child egging her mind on to knew she did not have to worry about try and find a way out. She moved hither them, too. She was aware of her husband’s and thither restlessly, weeping in distress, trust in her. and at last stopped at a spot, and, making VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 66 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The next day early in the morning, as they opened the gates, one of the guards went MOHITE to the soldier’s house to tell Hirakani to go. Where was Hirakani ? The soldier’s wife started at him in surprise. “Of Course, Hirakani never came here last evening”, she HE fort of Purandar was in the told him firmly. A search proved that the safe hands of Murar Baji milk-maid was nowhere in the fort. A Deshpande. Shivaji established his despatch to her house and the answer T came back prompt. Yes, she was there, in rule over the plains or Karhe. Yet he was her husband’s house, preparing for yet not satisfied, because, the sub-district of another day’s round of business. The Supe was yet to be brought under his guards ran to Shivaji and related the control. Unless that was done, the eastern incident. Shivaji was stunned. A milk- ‘gates’ to Karhe plains would be open to maid, a frail woman, to go out of the fort, attack. Supe was of vital importance to in pitch dark, and scale the mountain down Shivaji. Unfortunately, it was difficult for ? Unbelievable ! If climbing it was Shivaji directly to lay siege to it. Supe dangerous enough, getting down its steep was under the supervision of Sambhaji sides was death itself. He sent for Hirakani. Mohite, who was the brother of Tukabai He learnt of the desperate urge that drove Saheb, step mother of Shivaji. That placed her to attempt so deadly a task. He saw Shivaji in an embarrassing situation. Yet, here bruised hands and feet and the light he carefully planned a strategic move. He of mother’s love in her eyes. He felt humble, and, kneeling before her, placed those sent his envoy to Supe to have a talk with bruised hands upon his head, seeking the Mohite Mama (Uncle Mohite). blessing of that noble, loving, courageous mother. And then he asked her to take The envoy had his own doubts about the him to the spot through which she made outcome of the talk, as Mohite was so the exit. He ordered immediate measures closely related to Shivaji ! The envoy went to be enforced to garrison and guard to to Supe. He met Mohite Mama. spot. As he stood watching it, his mother’s words again rang in his mind, “Are you sure, “How is your ‘Maharaj’?” Mohite asked really sure ?” He bowed his head. sarcastically raising his eyebrows.

“No, mother. I am not sure any more. I “I have come with a request from Shivaji may never be sure again, and I will be alert Mamasahib……. The request is that you and always ready for an attack,” he thought. should help us in our efforts,” the envoy urged.

“And get killed,” Mohite completed the sentence. He (Shivaji) had his father dishonoured. Now, it is my turn !” Mohite continued angrily. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 67 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shamrajpant did as he was told. Three “You do not understand it, Mamasahib ! hundred and fifty armed horsemen stood This is a sacred duty that we are before the palace at Padmavati summit. performing for the sake of our country and Maharaj marched towards Supe along with our religion,” the envoy tried to explain. his horsemen the same night. He explained his plan only to a few close officers in his “Let Gods and religion remain in their own cavalry. He insisted that the job should places ! Who will save me if the Badshah be done perfectly. Before the day dawned, calls me for explanation ? Nobody will face Maharaj presented himself in the small him then ! “ Mohite remained unmoved. fortress of Mohite Mama. The fortress was “What are you saying ?” Maharaj himself very small, and was not well guarded. will rush to help you ! Once Supe is merged About five to six Mavalis advanced towards in Swarajya, no enemy on earth can step the gate which was closed but soon they on an inch of our territory,” the envoy found a sub-gate had just opened. There said proudly. “Yes, now I have understood were only three guards at the gate. the game ! Your Maharaj has an eye on Supe !” Shivaji and his army advanced cautiously towards the fortress. The Mavalis who “No, Sir ! Supe will remain under your had reached the gate saluted the guard control. But it should be merged with the and said, “Mastersahib (Mohite) had called territory of Shivaji for its fortification,” us today to receive our tips.” continued the envoy undaunted. “What tips ? What is the occasion for it ?” “I know everything ! I tell you once again asked a guard. “Is Diwali not approaching that you will not get Supe. They are ?” reminded one of the Mavalis. fighting for Swaraj ! You had better bring “Diwali is yet fifteen days from now. In other parts excluding Supe under your what way are you justified in expecting Swaraj !” with great annoyance Mohite the tips beforehand ? What strange custom replied the envoy. is it ?” The envoy returned to Raigarh. He told Shivaji all that had happened. Nobody “How am I to explain it to you, now ? We doubted the decision that would be taken have nothing to eat at home. That’s why by Shivaji. He only said, “Alright !” we had sent a petition to Masterji to grant us our tips for Diwali in advance. He has Two days passed. On the night of the summoned us here this morning, so we are third day Maharaj’s orders went out to here,” explained one Mavali. Shamrajpant Peshwe, “Pant ! Get the horsemen ready, tell them that they have “Very well, go ahead !” to advance immediately !” They rushed through the gate ! VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 68 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Within seconds they unlatched the gate. “Kill me ! You want to kill me, don’t you ? When the guards questioned them in Kill me ! “ He was utterly helpless and his stupefaction, they were threatened with very helplessness made him shout all the dire consequences. The Mavalis said, “If more ! His lips trembled. “No, Mamasaheb you shout, you will be cut to pieces, now ! The people to be killed are different ! It and here !” is our duty to place our heads at your feet and solicit your blessings. It is your duty The Mavalis entered the fortress like to bless us in our efforts.” So said Shivaji stampeding cattle and Shivaji led them. in all earnestness. He put his sword back The gate was wide open. The Mavalis into its sheath. All the other Mavalis followed Shivaji one after another. As followed suit. Seeing that the air was planned earlier, the Mavalis spotted the charged with emotion the Mavalis withdrew. guards and pointed their swords at their chest, and robbed them of their weapons. Within minutes the Mavalis covered the whole fortress. Not a drop of blood was shed and they captured the fortress ! The action was so swift that there was no use of raising an alarm. They were totally at the mercy of the Mavalis !

Shivaji entered the mansion of Mohite along with thirty Mavali ! He ran towards the drawing room of his uncle! His uncle was “Please be seated, Mamasahib !” Shivaji smoking his hukka while resting on a gently coaxed him on to a seat and himself cushion. A servant shouted, “Master, it sat beside Mamasahib. Mohite kept on treachery….” gazing at the roof.

“Mind you,” shouted Mohite mama on seeing “Mamasahib ! You are like my father ! It Shivaji and the Mavalis advancing towards was never my intention to insult you. I him ! He got up! He was surrounded by never dreamt of it. It is my sincere wish the armed Mavalis. Mohite was taken by that our land should be freed from the surprise. He looked baffled. How could clutches of Badshah and to establish a they have entered the fortress ? Swaraj for the welfare of the people. It is my sacred duty to see that freedom of worship, honour of women and justice are VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 69 SHIVAJI IN STORIES re-established. I am only an instrument. The force behind us all is Goddess Ambika SANT RAMDAS ! All that I am today I owe Her. It is Her blessings alone that has raised me to this eminence.”

HANTING mantras all the while, Mohitemama now saw the greatness of his the priest set himself to the task nephew ! He had not seen any person in of preparing ghee oblations. The his life who had opposed or arrested a man C participants, numbering two Brahmin merely to ask for his blessings ! He had families of Jamba and Asangaon and their seen many who had beheaded their friends, readied themselves for the solemn victims. He never thought that Shivaji had moment or Muhurta, when the sacred vows such a large heart, so full of reverence for of the young couple would be recited before elders. He had thought that Shivaji was a the holy fire. vagrant and a wastrel !

Banaji Buwa’s little daughter, her eyes aglow “Kindly come along with us to Raigarh and with excitement, leaned against him while help us in our venture,” Maharaj tried to he supported her hand holding the coax him. sacrificial ladle. Her prospective husband, Mohitemama spoke to him in a choked voice, Narayana, a proud lad of 12, surrounded “No, Raja ! You are really great. How can by his mother and brothers, sat upright you ask for my support ? You will never be with an air of distant reverie on his grave unsuccessful. Your fame will spread all countenance. over the world ! You may now take over this sub-district of Supe. I must go !” The assistant glanced up at the priest and at a signal activated the fire. The priest “No Uncle ! Where will you go ?” asked put the sacrificial ladle in Narayana’s hand Shivaji. and commanded the assembly’s attention with the portentous word : “Savadhan”, “To Karnataka! I shall pass my days there,” heralding the Muhurta or auspicious said his uncle. Shivaji urged him to stay moment and at the mention of “Savadhan” at Raigarh again and again, but Mohite was (Take care !) Narayana’s mind jerked firm in his resolution. And with a heavy awake. heart Shivaji agreed. Mohitemama was given a warm send off. “Take Care !” Yes. Take Care ! This was truly a divine warning reaching him through the wall of ceremonial paraphernalia. Wasn’t the priest’s word a God-sent arrow piercing a way through his bondage and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 70 SHIVAJI IN STORIES marking a path of light to his soul’s freedom refused to initiate him because he was too ? “Oh Lord, I shall take care. This I will !” young. With the agility of a jungle cat, his limbs stretched under him and loosened as if shot The boy would have run away from home from a spring and in one bound he was out in search of the Real Teacher, had he not of the marriage pandal and in two more he bided his time out of regard for his mother. disappeared out of sight, not to be seen again for nearly 24 years. But the electrifying effect of the priest’s word had touched him at the very core of Born on the 9th day of the bright fort-night his dilemma and at the most critical moment of Chaitra in the year 1608, Narayana was the third son of a Brahmin couple, Suryaji Pant and Ranu Bai, Rig Vedic Brahmins of Jamadagni lineage, who lived in Jamba by the Gadavari. The other two sons were Gangadhara Pant and Ramirama Dasa Pant. Suryaji Pant passed away soon after having performed Narayana’s Upanayana (Thread Ceremony).

Ranu Bai often reproached her little boy for not taking part in household work. She would find him of his life. Having thus decamped, he dreaming in a corner of the kitchen and reached the Panchavati, near Nasik, the once she asked him : scene of the legendary kidnapping of Sita.

“What do you think you are doing here all He found a cave on a hillock called Taakali by yourself ?” by the mouth of a small tributary of the Godavari. He remained in that cave for 12 “O Mother”, he would reply, “I was reflecting years, doing severe penance standing upon the Universe.” waist-deep in the water at the confluence of the rivers, from sunrise to midday, Narayana who longed to receive initiation meditating on Raghunatha.The Lord into the mysteries of spiritual life had appeared to him in the form of Sri Rama approached Gangadhar, but his brother and initiated him. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 71 SHIVAJI IN STORIES From then on, he took the name of to Uddhava and asked him to join him. He Ramadasa, living on Madhukari, collecting was given charge of the Domagaon Math. morsels of food from several households His faithful disciple Kalyana with his mother just as a bee collects honey from flowers, and a friend, Dattatreya, ran the Shirgaon which he first offered to Rama, meditating Math. Thus he opened eleven Maths and in the river and reading the Puranas. temples in different places. The great king Shivaraya (Shivaji) lived for the same ideal Compared to other and earlier saints of and it was meet that those two pioneers the Vithala Sampradaya, Ramdasa stood of religious revival and Maratha revolution out as a class all by himself. Whereas should have met. those great souls campaigned for a revival of dharma alone and did not seek to make Counseled by Sant Tukarama whose fore- a great many disciples or change the sight caused him to go to Ramdasa, Shivaji political map, Ramadasa went out of his found indeed the spiritual Master of his way to spread his creed with a zeal of a dreams in the short and lively Sannyasin missionary. He aimed at reforming society of the lineage of Jamadagni. They were and getting rid of foreign invaders. He both intelligent, smart and shrewd judges used direct methods and a language geared of people. They both felt the burning urge to the necessities of the day. He was more to free Maharashtra from oppression and objective and believed that a religion which re-establish dharma and justice in the land. has become decadent and in imminent Ramdasa bemoaned incessantly the wave danger of being wiped out should become of a new materialism, the perpetual active and first reform itself in order to be insecurity in politics and warfare, decried able to overcome such threats. the overwhelming selfishness at all levels of society and the plethora of fake religious Thus, he gathered numberless disciples who teachers, atheists, and above all, the set themselves forthwith to spread the apathy of the people as a whole. message in their own towns and villages, from Karhad, Shahapur, Miraj, Chaphala, “A Sadhu”, he preached, “should awaken Shirgaon, Masur et. Et., forming societies, others but not remain in their midst, he building maths and temples and making more should go on to help others and regularly disciples. Men, women and entire families meditate in the solitude of the hills and fired with enthusiasm, renounced the world valley.” In 1647, Ramdasa had discovered and dedicated their lives to this new an image of Rama deep in the bed of the movement. The showed deep and Krishna river at Angapur and consecrated unflinching faith in God and trust in their it in a shrine a year later, in Chaphala. Guru. This was the beginning of the Ramdasa Sampradaya. After leaving Divakara in charge of the Math, in the Ashadha of the same year, Ramdasa established the main maths in Ramdasa accompanied by his disciples Shirgaon and Chaphala. He sent a letter Kalyana, Akka and Ananta Swami, visited VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 72 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Pandharpur, where he met Sant Tukarama, to settle down atop the natural fortress of a year before the latter’s passing away, Sajjanagad, near Satara. Most Deccan and then he left for Shivathara where he Plateau mountains present ready-made wrote his Dasabodha and Abhangas and bases for fortresses’ sides and tops. then returned to Jamba. Some say he Shivaraya fortified Sajjanagad and built a stayed at Parli. In 1655, Shivaraya offered great fort. his whole kingdom at the feet of the Guru, who as history knows returned it to the Later on, as he watched the building of king, asking him to rule in his stead. The Samangad in the vicinity, his heart rose same year Ramdasa went back to Jamba with pride at the sight of the thousands of to attend on his dying mother. Ramdasa workers swarming all over the summit, working with zeal and agility while carrying out his behest. At this moment, Ramdasa who sensed his thoughts came over to the king and called his attention to a curious phenomenon. The saint picked up a rock from the basket of one of the workers and smashed it against a wall. To everyone’s surprise it was found that the stone contained a live frog which leaped out of its erstwhile prison unharmed. and Shivaji formed a perfect team dedicated to the uplift of their people, - Taken aback by the wonderful sight, the one as the soldier, leader and statesman, King with the help of his sharp acumen the other as the wise counselor. In 1661, was quick to grasp the meaning of his Shivaji having built the great fortress of Guru’s action : If God could provide a frog’s , had his Guru Ramdasa install in where withal to live within a stone, who it the beautiful image of Tulja Bhavani, one was he to think of himself as strong and of the aspects of the Goddess Durga and powerful ? Everything was indeed the patron of the king, and endless were the Lord’s play. God alone was the doer and prayers of the saint to the fierce destroyer he, the King, was merely his servant and of Evil, the divine Mother, to further the his instrument. When Ramdasa saw his cause of his King. disciple had shed his pride as if it were an unwanted parasite, he smiled. This was Shivaji built several forts and conquered the way the master taught, and no wonder many more, having perfected the uses of Shivaji felt unabated love and devotion for guerilla warfare. Ramdasa finally decided such an exceptional teacher. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 73 SHIVAJI IN STORIES In his letter to him, which are still in existence, Shivaji pays tribute to him in PRATAPGARH the highest terms, and he constantly used to make grants for various temples and Maths. HEN Pantaji Gopinath arrived “In the establishment of religion, and at Pasarni hill top, he saw the service of God ….. in the relieving of the Wwhole area of Dhom, Menavali, misery of my subjects and in their Wai and Bardhan flooded with an array of protection and help that I should seek to tents. Wai looked beautiful, its green tree obtain spiritual satisfaction in the midst of tops swaying to the tune of the ripples in this duty, you were also pleased to say Krishna river flowing by. But the beauty that whatever I wished from the bottom only saddened him, for the territory was of my heart would be fulfilled for me….”, he then occupied by Afzal Khan’s army. The wrote. This is only an example of their entire area from the banks of the Krishna close relationship. was plundered by his soldiers, who made the life of those residing were miserable. One can see how his knowledge of the world fits in with his spiritual teaching. His Pantaji descended from the hill-top and aim was to reach everyone and encourage came near the Khan’s camp. He saw Arabs, even the weak to spurts of renewal, Afghans, Bakhsaris and converted Deccan’s courage and strength. It was in 1674 that donning military uniforms fully armed Chhatrapati Shivaji was crowned King and wandering carelessly within the camp. he stayed for 45 days at Sajjanagad with When they saw this Brahmin, Pantaji, they Ramdasa, feeding and caring for the poor. watched him with great curiosity mixed with displeasure. At the same time they were In 1678 Ramdasa ordered new images of eager to know what his message could be. Sita, Rama and Laxmana to be made in Tanjore and sent to Kalyana to take over Pantaji met Krishnaji Bhaskar at the camp. the Math at Damagaon. Then Shivaraya Krishnaji welcomed him. Pantaji now who visited his guru for the last time in descended from his horse and started the month of Pausha in 1679, was informed walking along with Krishnaji while their by him of the approaching end of his reign horsemen were coming leisurely behind both and mission as his soul would soon gain of them. Pantaji was observing every release from the body. The Chhatrapati detail in the camp. He noticed the ropes passed away as predicted on the following of the tents spread out like fishermen’s Chaitra of 1680. nets, innumerable elephants waving their trunks, caravans of camels, bullocks carrying water in skin pouches and also countless servants, maids, Baluchi traders, etc. Javelins tied in groups of four or five VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 74 SHIVAJI IN STORIES were seen at many places, and rifles and said to Pantaji and left after arranging for ammunition dumps were strewn at various his personal comfort. Krishnaji saluted Khan spots in the camp. Occasionally, he could and informed. “Shivaji Maharaj’s hear sounds of dholaks (drums) and ghazals ambassador has come to meet you honour! being sung in a tent or two. Pantaji and I have just come from Pratapgarh as per others were watched very curiously by the your orders.” sturdy soldiers, while they were passing by. In another part of the camp there were “That’s fine,” exclaimed the Khan. “Now, several shops displaying eatables, cloth, you tell me what happened there. I am jewellery, etc. Many jewelers from Bijapur very eager to know.” “Sir! You have came there with the confidence that Shivaji already won half the battle! No more would be defeated and they would have a anxiety !” Krishnaji enthusiastically informed roaring business. the Khan.

On the plains, cannons were placed in “Is it so ? How is that ?” enquired the hundreds and chests full of ammunition Khan eagerly. were close by. They were heavily guarded by armed soldiers. From all that he saw, Krishnaji narrated, “Shivaji is so frightened Pantaji concluded that Khan’s camp was that he has requested me time and again extremely powerful and rich, full of skill yet to urge you to pardon him for his misdeeds careless. In comparison Shivaji’s army was so far. Your vast and powerful army, your very small and extremely poor ! Pantaji personal valour, and the force of your was alarmed at what he saw. determination struck terror in him. In fact, he is trembling with fright, and your honour Suddenly, Krishnaji Bhaskar halted at the has robbed him even of his sleep.” gate of a tent. Rich carpets were spread out with a mattress in one corner and some The Khan was delighted at this report. cushions to lean upon. Krishnaji and Pantaji “Shivaji is now prepared to accept orders entered the tent, and Krishnaji sent his from you, Sir,” continued Krishnaji. clerk to Khan to convey the arrival of Shivaji’s ambassador. Again Khan guffawed. “He is prepared to hand over all the forts, provinces, all the “Hand this letter of Maharaj to Khan Sahib,” riches to you and is ready even to come said Pantaji to the clerk passing on an to you bare-footed from Bijapur.” envelope. Pantaji was visibly afraid at the thought of Shivaji Maharaj having to “But for the greatness of your honour, contend against the might of the Khan. Shivaji could not have come to terms so “What will happen to my Maharaj ?” he easily,” added Krishnaji. murmured to himself. “I never expected even in my dreams that “You may rest for a while. I shall fetch this wicked rogue would yield so soon ! the orders of the Khan,” Krishnaji Bhaskar Now he is in my hands, this son of Bhonsles, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 75 SHIVAJI IN STORIES most disgracefully shall I hand him over to about his safety. He is ready to hand over the Sultan. I can finish off not one but a all his forts, even part of the country that dozen such men single-handed, if attacked. he has captured to you, if only you will And how can this ‘mountain rat’ survive ? spare his life,” explained Pantaji. He is now just a hare in the jaws of a lion.” Thus boasted the Khan before Krishnaji. “Your Shivaji Raja was very conceited so far ! He took undue advantage of the Krishnaji then handed over the cover to leniency of the Sultan ! Now his tricks the Khan. He asked him to read it. It was won’t work with me.” Khan turned angry. full of praise for the Khan. Shivaji pleaded guilty of disobedience to the Sultan, and “Please pardon Shivaji Maharaj for all his requested Khan to pardon him and plead faults. He will never forget this favour all on his behalf with the Bijapur Sultan. He his life. When he is prepared to hand over requested that he may be granted the every inch of land to your honour, why opportunity to meet the Khan in person should you be so cruel to him ? He is and present his case personally. prepared to fall at your feet with folded hands,” said Pantaji. A smile flickered on the Khan’s face. He agreed to meet Shivaji’s messenger the next “If he is ready to come here, you may bring morning, accordingly. Pantaji and Krishnaji him here,” ordered the Khan. went to the Khan’s tent next morning with presents, which Shivaji wished to be given “But he is afraid to come here !” solicited to him. Khan was reclining on the Pantaji. mattresses. When they entered he ordered his men to exit. Krishnaji saluted the Khan “Very well, then, what do you want me to and handed over the presents. He do ?” introduced Pantaji to the Khan as Shivaji’s ambassador. Khan accepted the presents “If your honour would be kind enough to and said to Pantaji. “Your Shivaji must have come to Javli yourself, a meeting can be understood the greatness of my power. It arranged.” “What ? I come to that jungle is my wish that Shivaji should accompany ? to die ? It can never be. Shivaji has to me to Bijapur.” come here.” “But, Khan Saheb, Kindly listen to his request ! Shivaji Maharaj will be “He will come. It is his duty. He cannot utterly defenseless and shall come unarmed disobey your orders. Our Maharaj is with only one attendant. He is just like ashamed of his behaviour which might have your son. He respects you more than his caused a great deal of anxiety to you. He father. Kindly comply with his request. He has definitely invited the wrath of your has no courage to come out of Pratapgarh.” honour. But it is only your honour who can “So, you want me to meet him at Javli ? pardon him. Shivaji Maharaj is now Well, leave me alone for the moment. I frightened ; he spends all his time worrying VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 76 SHIVAJI IN STORIES shall think over and let you know my “No, no, we won’t let you go, Maharaj,” decision tomorrow morning.” echoed all the others, refusing to let Shivaji go alone to meet the Khan. “As you please, your honour,” said Pantaji, and he saluted the Khan and turned back. Shivaji then requested them to listen to Pantaji and Krishnaji walked together. his point of view and explained, “I know Pantaji insisted that Krishnaji should make pretty well that the Khan has come here the Khan come down from Pratapgarh. with the definite intention of deceit in his Krishnaji promised him the same. Meanwhile, heart. He has a huge army. We will have Khan thought over the proposal with all its to so arrange that none of his soldiers can consequences and repercussions, and escape. If this is to be done, we must try finally decided to agree to Shivaji’s request. to get his army to jungles of Javli or to the Krishnaji also explained to Khan that Shivaji valleys of Koyna.” could do no harm to him even if he met him at Javli. Khan was convinced, and he “But how is it that you have decided to conveyed his acceptance to Pantaji. see the Khan personally ?” enquired Pantaji was very happy. He praised Amba Moropant. in his mind for his successful mission as an ambassador and left for Pratapgarh where “No, If he comes along with his army into Jija Bai and Shivaji were eagerly waiting the forest of Mahabaleshwar you will tell for the message. him that I cannot see him as I am frightened. You will persuade him to leave “Come, come, Uncle !” Shivaji caught his his army in the valleys of Koyna and come hands and welcomed Pantaji. alone to the foot-hills of Pratapgarh. We will raise a Shamiana for him and I shall “What ? Khan is ready to come ? That’s meet him there. And if he does so, his good, Uncle, you have won half the battle,” army will be at your disposal !” exclaimed Shivaji. “Wonderful,” exclaimed Tanaji. Jija Bai was “But Khan will bring his army ! Is it a still anxious. “If the Khan behaves himself small force ? Shiva, what difference will it it will be all right. Cannons will be sounded make, if Khan comes down ?” enquired at the time of the meeting. As soon as Jija Bai. you hear the sound of cannons, you must tackle his army.” “I am going to meet him !” Maharaj said very calmly. “But how can you be sure that the Khan will behave properly ?” asked Jija Bai. “What ? yourself ? No, no, I shall not let you go,” Jija Bai protested vehemently. “If the Khan behaves properly, he will be treated with respect ; if he deceives, then I have got the nails of a tiger to protect VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 77 SHIVAJI IN STORIES me. I shall break open his entrails. Even his corpse will not reach Bijapur. I shall THE DEADLY EMBRACE not consider myself your son if I cannot avenge the insult that the Khan has done to my father.” Shivaji spoke with firmness and determination to his mother. The day NSTIGATED by the Dowager Queen for the meeting was fixed! It was on of Bijapur, Afzal Khan’s army was on Thursday, Agrahayan Shuddha Seventh, in Iits way to capture Shivaji, destroying the afternoon. all the places of worship. Shivaji did not relish the idea of facing a major battle with All the important colleagues of Shivaji so tremendous a force as Afzal Khan’s and Maharaj had assembled ; Moropant, Kanhoji when Afzal Khan sent a Brahmin, offering Jedhe, Baji, Sarjerao Jedhe, Tanaji, Yesaji, to meet and conclude peace Shivaji agreed , Jiva Mahalya, etc. were to it, though doubtful of Afzal Khan’s present. Shivaji assigned a task to each sincerity in the offer. A meeting was one of them. Sambhaji Kavji Mondhalkar arranged. When the Brahmin returned to and Jiva Mahalyawere to remain with Shivaji Afzal Khan, he gave to the Bijapur during his meeting with the Khan. commander a very different version of what Meanwhile Mavalis were engaged in the had transpired between himself and Shivaji. blockade of the jungle of Javli from all the He faithfully narrated the conversation that directions in order not to allow the escape took place in the Shivaji’s Darbar, of how of a single soldier and to block their way in Shivaji proclaimed that he had no intention the dense forests of Javli. Mavalis of disrespecting the Sultan and how eager themselves hid in batches of eight or ten he was to meet the Khan and conclude and were only waiting for the signal for peace. But he omitted the subsequent attacking the Khan’s army thus surrounded call Shivaji had made on him in the middle by them in the jungle. They were very of the night from his narration. During his cautious, alert and wrathful, waiting for second meeting Shivaji managed to extract the right opportunity. For Shivaji Maharaj from the Brahmin the Khan’s actual had said to them, “This is the wish of God intentions, and learnt that he bragged about ! Be confident, Goddess Jagadamba is capturing Shivaji and taking him back to behind you. We are doing this only for the Bijapur in chains. Naturally Afzal Khan was sake of our Gods, our religion and our satisfied at the success of the Brahmin’s people.” mission. He was flattered by the humble and repentant attitude of the Maratha who was now seeking pardon and protection, and urging the Khan to intervene on his behalf at the court of Sultan of Bijapur. “My Master”, said the Brahmin to Afzal Khan, “You have put the fear of God into this young man to whom I conveyed your VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 78 SHIVAJI IN STORIES messages. He is humble and repentant act of aggression against the Khan’s and will do as you say, but I am of the forces. He informed them that this was opinion that he is suspicious lest he be for protection in case the Khan launched a trapped in some way. For this reason he surprise attack. feels unable to come to you here in Wai. He urges humble that you march up a little The time for the meeting dawned. The way, perhaps up to Javli. There he would Bijapur commander slowly walked up the meet you more assuredly, for you would incline from his camp to pavilion, where be without your formidable army around the two were to meet. Afzal Khan came you. That would be the starting point from dressed in a full-skirted thin Muslin robe, which you could gradually draw him into carrying only his sword by his side. He your grip, and thereafter he would be all yours to do as you want with him” thus convincing Afzal Khan that Shivaji was really afraid of the Khan and his forces.

Afzal Khan decided to comply with Shivaji’s request and gave orders for the camp to get ready to move forward to Javli. I will honour him”, Afzal Khan thought. “After all, as the Brahmin has said, he has more reason to be afraid of me than I, Afzal Khan, have to be afraid asked Sayed Banda, who accompanied him, of him ?” to stand at a distance for that was the Shivaji proceeded for the peace talks, but arrangement he had made with Shivaji. to three chosen men who were in charge Then he came forward marching into the of his own forces Shivaji sent a different pavilion, where he took his seat on the kind of order. These three were his military richly decorated couch which had been commanders, Netaji Palkar, made ready for him. Moropant and Tanaji Malusare. These commanders, were in charge of his Shivaji came down from his fort, and leaving battalions in Konkan. Shivaji asked them his followers at a distance from the pavilion, to come closer and station themselves in he approached it with only two escorts. the thick forest, east of Pratapgarh. But He was apparently unarmed, but concealed even to these three he did not disclose under the sleeves, into which he folded that there would be need to commit any his hands, were small but deadly enough VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 79 SHIVAJI IN STORIES weapons, with which he could protect himself if the Khan made a treacherous move. On the fingers of one hand were tiger’s claws and hidden inside the other sleeves was a dagger. As he approached the stocky, hefty Khan, who was almost double Shivaji’s size, the Khan got up and advanced with open arms, ostensibly to extent a warm brotherly embrace of welcome to Shivaji. But his muscles were twitching with eagerness to crush the Maratha and his mind was in a fever. As he folded Shivaji in what was intended to be a deadly embrace he slipped one arm around Shivaji’s neck and tightened his grip choking, while with the other he drew a dagger and stabbed him. Shivaji was petrified for a moment, though he was not unarmed, thanks to his steel armour. The next moment, he managed to free his arm, the arm with the tiger’s claws and digging the claws into the Khan’s stomach he tore open his entrails. Stung by the pain, the Khan loosened his grip on the Maratha, who then freed his other arm, stabbed the Khan several times, and before his surprised attendants could make a move, he streaked like lightening across and out of the tent. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 80 SHIVAJI IN STORIES A SPEEDY FOLLOW UP

HIVAJI stood on the ramparts of rulers of the small territories, capturing fort Pratapgarh and surveyed the after fort with little or no resistance offered Sfinishing touches being given to by them and reached Kolhapur, thirteen Afzal Khan’s tomb. An ignominious death days after the tiger claws tore at Bijapur’s for a powerful soldier, but the insult should vitals. Panhalgarh stood like a prey waiting not be carried beyond the grave. The dead for the tiger’s approach and Shivaji roared should be laid in honour. his orders to surround it. The resistance of Panhalgarh did little to repel the His trusted lieutenants stood beside him in persistent Maratha troops and at last the a group. Shivaji turned to them. Ochre flag was hoisted on the ramparts of “A soldier never rests, till he finds his eternal Panhalgarh. rest on the battle-field. Afzal Khan’s death The atmosphere at Bijapur Court was grim. would cause panic and confusion at the Netaji’s onslaught and Shivaji’s capturing Bijapur Court. Strike into that chaos and forts en route Kolhapur unnerved the grab an easy victory, that is how I feel. already down-hearted Bijapur generals. What do you say Netaji ?”, he asked. Now Panhala stood in imminent danger, and Excitement shone in the eyes of the it had to be protected Let Panhala fall into lieutenants. “Say whither and we shall Shivaji’s hands, and Bijapur might as well proceed there and capture, Maharaj. Your open its arms and welcome Shivaji into policy is always sound and we know not to their midst. Panhala’s position was too hesitate upon one of your decisions”, strategic. If it fell, all hope would be lost. replied Tanaji and others nodded assent. Rustum-e-Jaman, a stalwart and veteran No sooner had the thought crossed of many a war came forth to take the Shivaji’s mind than a battalion stood ready challenge. Under him marched the army to speed and Netaji took the lead. Horses’ of Bijapur, ten thousand strong, while the hoofs thudded as the spirit of war vanquished generals vowed vengeance possessed the soldiers and they galloped upon the Maratha and marched ahead of towards Bijapur. The thunder of the hoofs their troops with grim determination. shook the earth. Rustum-e-Jaman called his generals to a Shivaji watched the troops disappearing in conference and warned them of Shivaji’s a cloud of dust over the horizon and turned forces that were not to be under- to his companions. “And now to turn our estimated. There was no need for the gaze in another direction and strike ! I warning. They all suffered an ignominious shall be at the forefront this time.” With defeat at the hands of the Maratha, at lightning speed he struck at the unwary VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 81 SHIVAJI IN STORIES one time, or another. Fazal Khan and Malik Ambar guarding the two flanks, Fateh Khan SHIVAJI FESTIVAL and Mulla Hai forming the vanguard with Rabindranath Tagore [Translated by Sarje Rao Ghatge and Santaji Ghorpade at Basudha Chakravarthy] the forward base and the commander-in- chief Rustum-e-Jaman at the centre, the We know not today O thou ten thousand strong army cavalcaded mighty King, forth. Shiva Chhatrpati On what dawned day in that Shivaji was no less prepared than the by-gone century Bijapur army for he knew that Bijapur would You sat on some obscure peak surely send forth a massive campaign to in Maharashtra protect Panhala. He decided to face the Scanning the far horizons that the Bijapur forces in the open and marched thought flashed forward to meet it as it rushed towards Through your contemplating mind Kolhapur. He too gave orders to the “As far as I see and farther still, division of his forces and decided Netaji Lies the soil of sacred India, would attack Fazal Khan on the left flank hacked to pieces. while Mahadik with his troops would rout These fragments shall I bind together And unite my holy land to the vanguard and Pandhare would take house her children.” care of the right flank. Jagtap would That day, when the length and breadth shatter the frontal defences of Ghatge and Of the country vibrated to thy thought, Ghorpade and Shivaji himself would rush My Bengal remained untouched, dormant. through the shattered defences, to the When the entire land rose to centre and tackle Rustum-e-Jaman. your clarion call She alone was silent. With cries of Hara Hara Mahadeo echoing No conch shells boomed all around, the Maratha troops charged. in her court-yards The spirit and the force of the surging To echo your war bugle. Maratha troops was too much even for the She snuggled contentedly well prepared Bijapur forces and very soon Under the soft, clear, green apparel their defences began to slacken. Of spacious fields, clasping her children In an embrace of warmth and Fazal Khan turned on his heel and chaos lulled them to sleep. reigned in the army, through which Shivaji The day when the flame of plunged with his chosen men and headed your passionate love straight towards Rustum-e-Jaman. For your mother wrote in glowing words Rustum’s own resistance to the onslaught The great Mantra of Deliverance was feeble and soon he too retreated. Thundering them to the far horizons Panhalgarh opened the gate-way to And flashed the fire of lightning Konkan for Shivaji and he marched on That presaged the end of an evil era, undaunted. And the Moghul turbans shook VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 82 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and tumbled The engraved writing of the Like ripe leaves in the dusk of cataclysm, Great Dispenser. Bengal still was deaf Thy ridicule shall not veil To that thunderous trot of The undying truth of destiny.” marching Marathas. Thou Royal seeker of Truth, At the dead of that storm tossed night The grandeur of thy thought is gathered The court at Delhi wept desolate, And piled away in the As the palace lights flickered out store-house of God, So ebbed the glow of the Moghul Empire Where guarded by His zealous care Till it was put out, and left a carcass Not an iota of that great wealth To the screaming hungry vulture. Can rust under the march of time. The flame died, and all that was left None knew that thy toil, Of a long Imperial rule The dedicated quest of Truth Was a heap of ashes scattered, Thou sought to establish on the altar never to be seen. In the temple of thy motherland That day on the borders of Bengal Would become an undying flame The goddess of commerce To shine forever in India’s epochs. ushered a throne Like an ascetic retreated to In the dark tunnel running beside a mountain cave a shop of merchandise To do his penance in peaceful obscurity Anointing it with the sacred Thou hast retreated into the waters of Ganga. obscurity of centuries The measuring rod of merchandise And now emerged like a Assumed dimensions of a royal sceptre thunderous rain cloud Ere that night ended. To deluge the world with the None knew that day where thou wert ; greatness of thy thought. Thou, the thoughtful Maratha hero And the world gaped in stunned intellect The noble son of Bharata Varsha Wondering how this ochre flag that tinted Thou wert buried in memory The entire horizon to flaming orange When thy ochre flag streaked Remained an obscure flicker all along. no moreIn yonder blue skies. And I wonder, my poetic mind The minds that delved into facts Struggling to grasp the meaning And wrote down volumes of history Of this un-precedented Did not read thy noble thought, spectacle, musing And called thee a dacoit How and when has your battle-drum Laughing in derision - Of victory sounded on the That thou shalt seek a crown. borders of Bengal ! Thy loving gift of freedom to thy mother What newer and brighter rays Was labelled as a bandit’s adventure. thou art now casting I rail the gathered volumes of Over the eastern horizon, rising out blundering history From thy long buried grave And cry out the agony of my heart, centuries ago. “Stop ! Stop your vociferous tongue. The spirit of Truth is ever alive, Thy false recordings shall not belie The heap of facts of a hundred centuries VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 83 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Cannot drive it into oblivion. We did not see thy furious action Neglect does not destroy it, That day, as thy sword flashed, Nor insult shatter its iron nerve, The banner of freedom across the skies, Nor quails it under any attack. But sat aloof, at that hour of thy strife. When all despaired that the noble Truth Today, thy image sits forever Exhausted itself beyond the On the throne of memory region of action Immortal beyond the power of It appeared again at the doors of India death’s destruction. In the garb of a venerable guest. The glitter of thy crown Thy lips chant the same mantra shall never subdue. Thy benign eyes still envision In the resplendent light of that glory A glorious future, We have, today, realised thee. Thou the disembodied ascetic Eight crores of Bengali children now re-appeared Stand before the throne As the fruit of your grand penance On which, thou King among Kings, fittest Thou hast brought with thee in tradition’s glory The strength of thy inspiration. Bringing to you thy Royal due. Thy vast armies, hordes of We failed to hearken to thy neighing horses, call ages back, Trumpeting elephants But today we stand before thee And battle cries of Har Har Mahadeo To bow down and take Have today merged into the silent flash thy every command. Of thy glorious name. All the lands of India stand today, To seat thee, we, the Bengalis, Shoulder to shoulder, Offer the throne of our loving heart. Breathing the mystic spell of deliverance No far-fetched intellect visualised Thy mind contemplated ages ago. That by thy glorious name stand united We shall hoist thy ascetic scarf, The hearts of Bengal and Maharashtra, As the flag of strength to the poor, Before the power of which “There shall be an identical Kingdom of Quails the feeble concept of war. virtues in this land of India,” None knew the agelessness, We shall find the strength The imperishability of thy mind, to seek deliverance Whose dedication, through the In these noble words of Thine. oblivion of centuries “O ye Bengalis, hail to-day, Would survive and rise again In unison with the Marathas To usher a new light, a new dawn ‘Victory to Shivaji,’ On the soil of India. March ahead in festive dress, When thou, the great virtuous King Oh ye Bengalis, with the Marathas.” Hailed us from the borders May today the flanks of India, of Maharashtra, East and West merge in a union We did not reckon you asking, To felicitate in harmonious joy that Nor did we feel any shame, glorious name. As we failed to acknowledge That call terrible. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 84 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE JAGIR THAT EXPANDED INTO AN EMPIRE

HE news of Afzal Khan’s terrible had made to Maloji Bhonsle. His army had end spread shock and shook also grown. His infantry numbered 50,000 TBijapur. The realisation now dawned men, his cavalry 7,000. upon Bijapur that Shivaji was far more The Emperor’s Apprehension powerful than they were willing to believe. Shivaji was now a force to reckon with, Subsequent to the Khan’s death Shivaji lost and he caused considerable apprehension no time in seizing more territories and forts. in the minds of the Moghul Emperor, and Pavangad fort was captured. The fort of the Bijapur Sultan. Aurangazeb, engaged Panhala was also captured. The Bijapur then in a gory and sordid fight to ascend General, Rustum-e-Jaman, who faced the throne, had little time or inclination to Shivaji near Kolhapur was routed. deal with Shivaji, but he kept Shahji’s jagirs Among the strategic coastal forts in under his control, refusing to return them, Konkan was the town of Rajapur where despite Shivaji’s repeated requests and the was trying to promises of loyalty. Shaista Khan, secure a foot-hold. The Marathas had Aurangazeb’s uncle, was posted as Viceroy rushed into Rajapur, but Shivaji, unwilling of Deccan, as a huge obstacle in Shivaji’s to clash with the British just then, ordered campaign. Shivaji himself made no bid to to cease the attack and returned with the enter into a pitched battle with the plunder taken from the citizens. He did powerful Khan but kept egging on with his not wish to face trouble with the early guerilla tactics and capturing small British settlers while he concentrated on territories on the fringe. But he was enraged uprooting the alien rule of the Muslims. when the Khan, in a message addressed to Shivaji written in Sanskrit, called him a The actual position and extent of the “mountain ape”. Shivaji felt terribly insulted, Maratha Empire crystallised itself in the year and decided to teach the Khan a lesson. 1662, when the territory that fell into Shivaji’s hands stretched from Kalyan to He found a Maratha officer of the Moghul Goa, comprising of some 300 miles of army, willing to conspire with him. The Konkan coast. There were, in addition, official, at Shivaji’s instigation, requested the uplands from river Bhima to Wenna, permission for a wedding ceremony to be measuring 160 miles in length and over 100 performed. With the Khan’s permission, miles in breadth. That was the nucleus of the wedding procession, including Shivaji the Maratha Empire, the beginning of the and his own men guised as wedding guests, Kingdom which he founded for himself in entered the Moghul camp at Poona, taking fulfillment of the prophesy which Bhavani the Khan’s army by surprise and completely VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 85 SHIVAJI IN STORIES rampaging it. The Khan himself escaped another part of the army attacked Rajgad. with a finger or two from his hand cut off The Rajput princes of Deccan, reluctant by Shivaji’s sword. The shame-faced to accept Shivaji’s suzerainty found some defeat at the hands of the Maratha exposed ground other upon which to join hands with him as a careless general, upon whom the Moghuls. All told, it was a surprise Aurangazeb inflicted the added insult of a attack, to match which Shivaji had not transfer to the Bengal provinces. sufficient power then, and he once again played up his strategy of submission and With Shaista Khan replaced by Raja Jai gaining time to wait, gather strength and Singh and Prince Muazzam, Shivaji was strike again. Diler Khan was unwilling to again faced with the problem of reckoning conclude any peace pact with Shivaji with a strong foe. Yet, his ambition was without the order of the Emperor, and neither thwarted nor did it cool off. His under his pressure the siege of both eyes were fixed on Janjira, but he decided Purandhar and Sinhgad continued. to proceed slowly towards that goal, annexing territories on the way, gathering They realised the futility of the attempt to funds for his army and its maintenance. capture Shivaji’s forts which were fortified The first target was Surat, and its with fool-proof guard tactics, and fight his merchants yielded great sums, either able men who launched surprise attacks voluntarily when he first politely asked for on the Mughal army seiging every them or unwillingly later on upon threat of opportunity offered for such an attack. life. Shivaji, however, never mixed up the Finally Diler Khan also agreed to conclude concepts of alien rule and alien religion. a treaty with the Maratha, and at a The Roman Catholic father and his abode meeting Shivaji promised to concede at Surat, with all those who took shelter twenty of the thirty-two forts he held ; under him were spared graciously and the remaining twelve forts with all the reverently, under explicit orders from Shivaji adjoining territories were to be Shivaji’s that neither their effects nor their persons with a grant of rupees ten lakhs revenue should be touched by anyone in his troops. to be enjoyed by him. Shivaji also agreed Next to Surat came Baselor where his to help and serve the Emperor in any future expedition lasted just a day, but yielded battle, and to depute a company of his as much funds as the Surat expedition did. army to the Moghul court to serve the Emperor. The treaty thus concluded was Now was the time for the Emperor to take celebrated with banquets and festivities, action against the rebel and check his Shivaji once again gained his strategic impertinence. Under two of his powerful breathing spell to recoup and launch his and able commanders, Raja Jai Singh and attack afresh again. Diler Khan the vast Moghul armies launched a many sided attack on the Maratha. Making Aurangabad the headquarter, Diler Khan attacked Purandhar, while Jai Singh launched an attack on Sinhgad, and yet VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 86 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE KALYAN CAMPAIGN

ROM the towering heights of his supervised the despatch of a special capital fort Shivaji surveyed the caravan to Bijapur, carrying the year’s Fsurrounding dominion. The valleys revenue of his province. This was (as far and the plains stretched far beyond the as the central authorities were concerned) reach of vision. Kalyan, though small, his chief duty, and as usual he had sent a attracted his eye. Like a man who rightly strong guard in attendance. The caravan senses the agitation of a tree’s foliage when moved towards a pass in the hills leading he becomes aware of the humming bees to the plateau beyond, and thence to active on a hive as something different Bijapur. From the flat coast land the hills from the casual rustle of the leaves, he towered up, gaunt basalt rocks leaping from became aware of the real cause underlying a tangle of forest, and round the highest the restlessness of the people in Kalyan. peaks there was seen a coronet of clouds. A wild stretch of country it was, and one Kalyan was under the rule of an Abyssinian would hardly venture there alone, but for nominee of the Moghul Emperor. The people that well equipped company there could of the province resented this intrusion upon have been no cause for any alarm. As them by a foreigner. The Moghuls were they entered the pass, the guards thought alien enough but somehow they took root of little but the labour of the ascent and in our land and their authority was no longer the heat of the day. They did not notice questioned. It was one thing to have any movement at the mouth of pass behind Muslim Governor under Moghul employment, them. or their own native Governor, though subject to Moghul power, and quite another Shivaji, with three hundred men mounted thing to have an intruder, an alien, a Siddi, on little Maratha ponies, was stalking them thrust upon them to rule over them. The up the narrowing ravine. The creek and people of Kalyan squirmed under such a rumble of cart-wheels, the steady tramp dispensation waiting for someone to give of marching feet and the consequent them just a prod to burst into action and crackling of dried leaves, and then suddenly overthrow Siddi. With the seething a roar from the rear, the battle cry that discontent in the mind of the populace was one day to be heard all over India : Shivaji had little trouble in crushing “Hara Hara Maha Dev ! “ and the Marathas whatever resistance the Abyssinian offered. were upon the startled soldiers. The fight On a warm afternoon in 1648, the Governor was soon over, and the caravan with its of the province, Maulana Ahmed, an Arab great treasure was in Shivaji’s hands. He in the service of the Sultan, was dozing in lost ten men in this, the first battle. He his palace. He had, a few days ago, gave generous rewards to his followers and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 87 SHIVAJI IN STORIES presented large sums to the families of the ten who had fallen. THE LEGENDARY

Meanwhile, in the town of Kalyan, the SWORD bazaars were empty in the noon-day heat. A party of Maratha horsemen rode quietly N the way back from Kalyan through the gates, past the guard-rooms Shivaji stopped at the and rode on to the palace and took the Harihareswar temple. Among the Governor prisoner. When the merchants O treasures of the temple was a sword, stirred out of their houses in the cool of beautifully charged and shining gloriously, the evening they found a young Maratha with resplendent ferocity, with the metal called Abaji installed in the palace and the looking limpid and shining liquidly like quick- ochre flag fluttering over the city gates. silver. It seemed more like a lashing, hungry tongue of Kali than a stiff blade of steel. It seemed like active, potent, liquid power straining to flow out, engulf and erase enemies. Shivaji looked at the sword and was at once enchanted by it.

“If only I had that sword in my hand, I would conquer any foe in the world. Somehow, I feel that the sword has the power of Bhavani herself in it and if I were to hold it, Mother would lit that power flow into me and I would be an unconquerable warrior,” he mused.

But he was wise to hide his feelings. The sword was actually the precious possession of a man by name Gowalkar Sawant. If it could sway the mind of so strong a person as Shivaji who was overcome with a desire to possess it - he who never wished to have anything for himself, how much more attachment would not be there in the heart of a simpler man for it ? Strong as the desire was, the force of Shivai’s noble nature and character was even stronger and so the desire was at once pushed back into his mind. But Sawant, present there, noticed that look which flashed in Shivaji’s eyes. He understood that Shivaji coveted VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 88 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the sword, and yet the Maharaj would not ask for it. In whose hands would the sword THE BEAUTY AND shine better ? To what better purpose HER BENEFACTOR could it be used, if not Shivaji’s noble mission ? Sawant stepped forward, and taking the sword in his hands, knelt before Shivaji, and offering it said, “Maharaj, NE incident in Kalyan acquired please accept this humble gift. The sword major significance, for it sheds is for a conqueror like you, who is fighting Olight on Shivaji’s noble heart a battle of Dharma. I feel as though Mother providing glimpses of his character. During Bhavani if urging me on to give you this.” the Kalyan campaign, the Commander in Shivaji’s eye shone with a tiny film of water charge, Abaji Mahadev, captured a very that sprang in his eyes, out of pure joy. beautiful Muslim girl, the daughter of the He accepted the sword, and a thrill ran up local Mulla. She was one of the captives his spine as if some unseen power, like an of the campaign and her beauty so electric current, ran through his blood impressed Abaji that he decided to present stream. He raised the sword and touched her to Shivaji. During the Durbar held at his forehead with it, bending in obeisance. Kalyan after the conquest, Abaji brought the girl, bedecked and bejeweled exquisitely “This is Thy gift, Mother. You understood and presented her at the Durbar stating the longing in your son’s heart and you that he brought her as a gift for Shivaji got it for me. I shall name it after you. Maharaj. This shall be called the Sword of Bhavani, and through it your power shall always Shivaji looked at her exquisitely carved protect me,” he murmured, and rewarding features, the alabaster complexion and her Sawant generously for the marvelous gift, beautiful figure making her appear as if the marched off with his precious possession. figure had been carved out by the nimble fingers of a master sculptor. He stepped down from the throne, and coming towards the girl, placed his palm upon her head as a gesture of blessing. She trembled slightly and looked at him appealingly. Her large eyes now moist with unshed tears made them shine brighter still. Shivaji comprehended the appeal in her eyes, and smiling reassuringly at her, turned to Abaji and addressed him thus :

“Thank you very much, indeed, Abaji, for bringing such a beautiful girl into my family. I myself can boast of no extraordinary hand-someness of mien, and this lack of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 89 SHIVAJI IN STORIES beauty in my family is today amply compensated for by the acquisition of such THE VICEGERENT a beautiful sister as this.” Then he turned Translated by J.L.Das, from the to the girl and spoke gently : original Bengali poem “Pratinidhi” of “Sister, you are so exquisite to look at that Rabindranath Tagore I feel you are an angel, perhaps. I am only a rugged soldier ; some people call On the rampart of Satara Fort me a mountain rat. Such as I am, I do not Was seated Shivaji one fine morn think I deserve to call myself your brother. When he saw his Guru Ramdas If you would accept me as such, I shall Go begging alms from door to door. feel mighty proud.” Pondered Shivaji : “Strange, indeed, That with a beggar’s bowl moves The girl’s eyes shone with happiness, and the Guru, a smile lit up her lovely face as she looked In whose abode no want there is at Shivaji. Who at his command has resources all, Shivaji again turned to Abaji. “Abaji ! A Before whom lies prostrate the monarch, Still his avarice knows no bounds. post-war Durbar is no place for such a To me a vain endeavour it seems beautiful girl. Let her now go back to her Thirst to quench from a leaky vessel people, carrying with her all the gifts that In which water is poured night and day. a brother should bestow upon his sister.” How much it needs Abaji’s head bent low in shame for The beggar’s bowl to fill.” misunderstanding the impulses of his noble That instant a note he scribbled, Summoned Balaji and to him he said, master. And now he was happy, for pride “When to the fort for alms filled his heart at this noble conduct of his comes the Guru, great master. And so the girl went back This note to him deliver.” to her home honoured and laden with gifts Many were the way-fares and chariots of love from Shivaji. That strode past the Guru as he sang, “Oh Maheshwar, Oh Shankar ! To all else have you earth and home given, But to me only the path have you assigned. Mother Annapurna has of the universe taken charge And in Her joy do all thrive. But, me from such a Mother, Oh ! mendicant, Have you snatched and made your follower.” As his hymn he ended, and took his mid-day bath VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 90 SHIVAJI IN STORIES And came before the fort-gate Alms to the Royal beggar. and stood, The hour of mid-day was from Obeisance rendered Balaji, the fort proclaimed And the royal note at his feet placed And city-dwellers their errands And stepped aside, his head in stopped to rest reverence bent, Setting to tune his “ektara” His wonder roused, the Guru took up chanted Ramdas, And the message perused, His eyes with tears of ecstasy filled, To him had Shivaji tendered “Oh Lord of the universe, his reverence Your ways I comprehend not, And his kingdom and capital At his disposal placed. To the king went Ramdas the following day And said, “Tell me, my worthy son, If indeed the kingdom in me Vest you will, What mission will you serve, What other excellences have you ?” Replied Shivaji saluting the Guru “Most gladly will I my life lay down At your service, and abide by your command.” Nothing do you lack, “Take this satchel on your shoulder then Still in men’s hearts you roam And follow me for begging,” And from all crave all.” Bade the Guru. At the end of the day, And so they went, His evening bath he completed Begger’s bowl in had moved Shivaji In the river that by the city flowed, With his Guru from door to door, Then cooked the food by When the monarch they saw, begging obtained the children And partook of it with great cheer, To their homes in fear hurried His disciple the remains accepting And their parents called out in wonder, As food of grace, of holy flavour. “One who is of immense The king now smiled and wealth possessed to the Guru said, Is now in begging engaged, “Royal vanity have you destroyed A rock floating above water ! And him to a beggar reduced, A sport of the high-souled !” What more do you desire, As, bashful and trembling, Great pains from his Guru They came to offer, See this slave ready to endure.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 91 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Spoke the Guru, “Heed then, A difficult vow have you taken A PROFILE And so a similar burden bear. This is my command, Take back your realm and govern it On behalf of me and in my name. ONG, long ago some three hundred A vicegerent of beggars years from now, this land of ours Has God appointed you, was the scene of a mighty drama. Though a king, indigent and L The stage on which this scene was played indifferent yet, was Maharashtra and the actor was a king, The royal duties that you discharge Will be but my work, a king who caused the Moghul Emperor’s Even with your kingdom throne at Delhi to tremble at its very A stateless monarch shall you remain.” foundations. His thundering hoof-beats “My son, with my blessings struck terror into the hearts of enemies, Take my saffron robe, but for all that his courteousness and And convert your standard chivalry never suffered. Deeply religious Into the wrapper of a recluse,” and devoted to his mother, this king was a So bade Guru Ramdas. champion of the fallen, the weak and the The Sun from this throne descended suffering. To him all women were The cow-boy’s flute ceased its strain, embodiments of the Mother Goddess And the cow-herd to shed returned, Bhavani, whom he worshipped. Who was But the royal disciple with his head bent, he ? Where and when was he born ? Who On the river-bank sat were the lucky parents of this great king His fore-head with thoughts furrowed. Deeply absorbed was Ramdas and man, - these may be the questions Chanting spontaneous hymns that rise in your minds. Wait - these shall “Who art thou that robed me be answered. In the meantime, let us cast in royal attire our minds back over the years and follow And amidst this world placed, one of the acts of this drama. Yourself remaining unseen, The night was still. A convoy of cart- Oh king, I have your sandals brought, And am seated underneath, wheels creaked along the Satara Road to Darkness descends, the foot-hills of Western Ghats. Tiny lamps How long seated shall I wait,Do come glimmered like fire-flies from the carts. The And show thyself in thineOwn Realm.” roads lost themselves into denseness of the forest, where stood the great Hill Fort of Pratapgarh. This caravan wound its way and was soon lost.

The early morning rays of the sun touched the hill-tops. The forests still tried to keep their secret from the prying eyes of the sun but what do we hear …. Clip …. Clop VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 92 SHIVAJI IN STORIES ….. Hoofs of horses ? And soon a A REFRAIN detachment of mounted Marathas burst into view. Six hundred or more of them. In the middle of this cavalry was one who The Advent of A Deliverer stood out.

th He was a lone soldier astride a dark bay N the first quarter of the 17 century, mare. Erect and regal he sat there, very the minds of the people of Maharashtra much the leader and master. His profile Iwere in a most disturbed and unsettled was sharp. The aquiline nose and sharp condition. The chief political feature of pointed features spoke volumes. He wore the time Shivaji the Great was born and a cream-coloured cap which terminated in during the period of his boyhood was the a tassel that bobbed up and down as he advancing tide of the Mughal conquest. rode. By his side hung a sword curved at The trail of destruction and desolation, fire the edge. A braided gown with a sash and and plunder that the march of the Mughal tight breeches formed his attire. armies left behind contributed mainly to the production of that economic misery The villagers who rushed out on hearing which, joined with other factors, caused a the hoof-beats stopped short at the sight first class political explosion in the Deccan. of the leader. They exclaimed in hushed The people were in so eager a state of awe “Maharaj” - “Chhatrapati Shivaji expectancy that their thoughts naturally Maharaj.” That was Shivaji, a hero to the turned to the idea of the advent of a people of his day, a liberator who freed deliverer. The man of destiny was born in them from the slavery of the Moghuls. The February 1630 in the hill-fort of Shivneri, soldiers of the Moghul Emperor called him where his mother Jijabai (a daughter of “the mountain rat”, for he was elusive and the aristocratic Lakhuji Jadhavrao of had to be captured, like the rodent lost in Sindhkhed) had been left by Shahji for its burrows. safety ; Shahji had just escaped from Slowly he rode on acknowledging the silent Daulatabad which was at that time being reverence of these people, for whom he infested by the Mughals and was being staked his life every moment, for whose hotly pursued by his father-in-law Lakhuji liberty he ran the risk of capture and death. Jadhavrao. During the period 1630-36 That then was Shivaji as he appeared to Shahji was a fugitive, subject to frequent the people of his time. change of place and enemy attacks. The Tender Touch

Jijabai was a proud and spirited lady ; even in the days of her misfortune she did not think of seeking the protection of her father’s roof. She must have developed a hatred for the Mughals to whose invasion VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 93 SHIVAJI IN STORIES her difficulties were due; this hatred was which he retained to the last, as well as fostered by the vindictive acts perpetrated to the teaching of the contemporary saints by the king of Ahmednagar, as evidenced and prophets are due the profound respect by the frequent sights of cow-killing, the in which he held the religion of his ancestors desecration of temples and shrines, the and the veneration he showed to the insults heaped on the Brahmin priests and Brahmins. the violation of the honour of Hindu women Here, too, he came to like the Puranic ; and she would have naturally taught her legends and the two great Hindu epics, son to hate them likewise. This is seen in Ramayana and Mahabharata by listening the open contempt he showed for Muslim to recitations and story-telling (Kirtans and authority by refusing when taken to the Kathas). He would sit late in the night by court, to prostrate himself before the the fire-side or under the moonlight, Bijapur king as required by Muslim etiquette. listening to these Kathas and Kirtans and He used to restrict himself on such such was his passion for the recitation of occasions to an informal salaam. He also the wondrous tales of the adventures of got himself involved more than once in the Pandavas, of Rama and Sita, or the disputes over the question of cow-killing ; ballads of the Gondhalis, that it is on record he would attack the butchers in the streets how once long afterwards he even risked and free their victims. Rawlinson says : his life to be present at one of these “In this, we may be sure, Shivaji was Kathas. instigated by his mother.” A resolute, self- respecting woman, she always felt the In this way he assimilated the contents of indignity of foreign subjugation ; she ever these two valuable epic poems and got remembered that her fore-fathers had the necessary knowledge of the arts of been, before the coming of the Yavanas, government and war from them. Sircar the rulers of the land and did not quite like says, “the noble examples of doing and the idea of her husband’s fighting in the suffering, of action and sacrifice of military cause of Islam. She would not allow Shivaji skill and state craft, which the stores of to be married at Bijapur “lest the Muslim Rama and the Pandavas afford, the political defile the ceremony by their presence.” lessons and moral maxims with which these epics are filled, deeply impressed his young At Poona, a seat of ancient Brahmanical mind.” His imagination was fired with learning, young Shivaji was surrounded by ambition to emulate the example of the an atmosphere of rigid orthodoxy and it is legendary heroes. mainly to the impressions that were then left on his plastic mind and to Dadoji’s Nature’s Promptings parting advice that we must trace his Shivaji the Great was further strengthened subsequent policy, either of changing into in his resolve to strike for the freedom of Sanskrit the very names of his Ashta his country and to stake everything on its , or of proclaiming the protection result by the inspiring natural scenery round of Brahmins and cows as the aim of his about Poona and the Bohemian life he led noble efforts. To these early impressions VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 94 SHIVAJI IN STORIES at this time. Shivaji the Great used to instead of being an unprofitable and a wander over the hills and forests of the dangerous possession. It was from this Sahyadri range in the company of his region that Shivaji the Great drew his best friends, and the grandeur of the landscape soldiers, his earliest comrades and most with the big forts of Sinhgad, Raigad and devoted of his friends like Yesaji Kank, Baji Torna for the background did not fail to Pasalkar and Tanaji Malusare. With these make a powerful appeal to his imagination. friends young Shivaji wandered over the Nature added one more impulse to seek hills and through forests and valleys of the the freedom of his land. His active mind Sahyadri mountain and thus trained himself began to love independence and loathe a to a life of hardihood. He was now and life of idle luxury in the pay of the Muslim again absent in the Konkan for several days ruler. Thus “an intense love of his country at a time. The Mavalis in his service and his religion - which showed itself accompanied him on his excursions and in especially in his devotion for Amba Bhavani, hunting, and young Shivaji became the family Goddess - was the natural result. extremely popular with them as also with There seems to be little doubt that Shivaji his country-men round-about. In his visits grew up with a genuine sense of a mission to the different parts of the Ghatmatha that his career was inspired by a real desire and the Konkan he familiarised himself with to free his country from what he considered the paths of that wild country and gathered to be foreign tyranny and not by a mere a first-hand knowledge of its people. This love of plunder.” personal and intimate information of the country and its inhabitants was quite Hindavi Swarajya essential for the future conqueror as a He must have argued : if the Deccan preliminary preparation for his military nobles with the Hindu help could found career that was to follow in due course. dynasties by shaking off the control of the The hill-forts under all the Muslim Delhi Sultans, why should he not be able Governments were, as Grant Duff remarks, to do the same against the Bijapur generally much neglected and Shivaji the Government ? Thus his ideal of “Hindavi Great happened to notice this important Swarajya” was formed and the choice of fact on the occasion of his excursions. this career which he was to follow was The Straight and Narrow Path also made. The Mavalis had been completely subjugated by Dadoji Kondadev. The After three centuries of slavery the wish Deshpandes were mainly won over, but for freedom was all but dead and lived, if those who dared to defy his authority were at all, in a few hill tracts in the Maval and defeated and crushed. the Konkan. He could expect no aid from other Maratha nobles. All that the His Companions at Arms Ghorpades, the Mores, the Manes, the Peace and prosperity having been thus Sawants and others aspired to, was their established in that region, it became a own advancement at court or the source of wealth and strength to Shivaji enlargement of their fiefs at the expense VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 95 SHIVAJI IN STORIES of their neighbours. Without resources he Military Career Begins must raise an army. He must inspire it Shivaji began his military career very with his own words and with high ideals. cautiously and all his earliest attempts were He must fight against his own relatives and directed towards securing the neighbouring countrymen. He must face charges of territory without either exciting the treason and charges of unfilial conduct. suspicions of Bijapur court or attracting Yet he chose ‘the straight and narrow path’, their notice in these initial stages. From for a sense of his mission had fully developed the beginning he had a very clear idea as in his young but thoughtful mind. Such is to how he was to proceed about his plan. ever the stuff of which heroes are made. The chief means he employed were either More than 2,500 years ago, three immortal coercion or compact, diplomacy or surprise goddesses had called on another eastern attacks. He knew he could not long fool prince to decide questions very similar to the Bijapur King but wanted to strengthen those which now confronted Shivaji. his position as much as possible before he Ready for His Task ventured upon bigger enterprises.

Shivaji the Great was now ready for his Torna ! task. As Sircar remarks : “He had already Taking advantage of the serious illness of been trained in martial exercises and civil the king of Bijapur and the consequent administration ; he had familiarised himself disorder in his kingdom, Shivaji the Great with the troops of his father’s western Jagir struck his first blow in 1646 by occupying and the people he would have to govern. the fort of Torna by tricking its Bijapur Initiative and power of command had been commander and immediately set to work freely developed in him without check or to repair its defenses. Khafi Khan gives an interference from his guardian. admirable account of his rise to power and Administrative orders had, for some time of the situation that contributed to it :- before this, been issued in his name as his father’s representative, while Dadaji “Shivaji became the manager of these Kondadev had stood by watching his pupil. parganas (Poona and Supe) on the part of Shivaji had also taken part with his mother his father and looked carefully after them. or his tutor in some judicial investigation He had distinguished himself in his tribe for and public discussion of legal disputes courage and intelligence. In that country, (mahazar).” where all the hills rise to the sky and the jungles are full of trees and bushes, he The officers that had gathered already had an inaccessible abode. Like the round him were men of tried merit and zamindars of the country ;he set about devotion to him. Thus his civil and military erecting castles on the hills and mud forts arrangements were complete before he which in the Hindawi dialect of the Dakshin began to draw his ideal nearer to practice. are called garhi. Before the jagirdars in those troublous times could appeal to Bijapur he had sent his own account of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 96 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the matter with presents …… and offering from his father, coerced his only rival Baji to pay some advance amount for the land Mohite, his father’s brother-in-law, to join on their being attached to his own jagir or him and tried to get him to stay at Poona, to pay some advance amount for the land but the latter chose to be at Karnataka to on their being attached to his own jagir or join Shahji. About this time he also won to pay their revenue direct to the over the fortress of Sinhagad and led a government. He communicated these surprise attack on Purandhar. Thus by the matters to the officials at Bijapur who in end of 1649 he established his full control those disturbed times took little heed of over the Poona district and waited for an what any one did. The country of the opportunity, watching and crouching like a Dakhin was never free from commotions and outbreaks, and so the officials, the ryots, and the soldiery, under the influence of surrounding circumstances, were greedy, stupid, and frivolous. In accordance with the wishes of this disturbing agents the reins of authority over that country fell into his hands and he at length became the most notorious of all the rebels. He assembled a large force of Marathas and set about reducing fortresses. tiger of his own mountain valleys until he had stolen into a situation from which he Poona Pegged Down could at once spring on his prey.” “With the large treasure he discovered in The Magnanimity of Might the course of the repairs to the walls of Torna he proceeded to build another Shivaji the Great, now began to cast his stronghold on the neighbouring peak of eyes on Konkan, the fertile low country Rajgad. This bold move stirred even the area lying between the Ghats and the sea. languid authorities at Bijapur and Shahji The first blow fell on Maulana Ahmed of was ordered to check his son’s aggressions. Kalyan. Coming to know from his spies Shahji wrote to Dadaji Kondadev to keep a that a load of treasure was about to be tighter control on his ward but the old sent from Kalyan to Bijapur he ambushed minister, now on the point of death, the convoy as it climbed the hills and secretly sympathised with the designs of captured the treasure with very little loss Shivaji the Great. On Dadaji’s death Shivaji of life on his side. This was the first took over the Poona estate as his own occasion on which blood was spilt. He VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 97 SHIVAJI IN STORIES liberally rewarded the gallantry of his Mores of Javli soldiers and made ample provision for the Shahji was released in 1653. Shivaji the families of those who had fallen. The Great was relieved from anxiety on that complete success of this enterprise and score, and was therefore free once more the generosity accompanying it gave a to pursue his ideal further. This time it sense of their importance to the Mavalis was Javli and its Raja, Chandrarao More, and they dreaded the Muslims no longer. who claimed his attention. This state of Soon after this Abaji Sondev attacked Javli included a large slip of the Ghat Matha, Kalyan itself and took the governor and the borderland between the Dekhan and his family prisoners. Towards his captives the Konkan and if Shivaji the Great was to he behaved like a true soldier and allowed be able to pass between these two tracts Maulana Ahmed to go free. His chivalrous in safety, he must take possession of Javli conduct to the Maulana’s beautiful or form an alliance with its ruler. The state daughter-in-law increased his prestige. was, therefore, of great strategic The people were tired of the Muslim importance. But the obdurate Chandrarao mismanagement, and the capture of Kalyan More refused to enter into any alliance. It was followed by a general uprising. was also impossible to attack him openly Konkan in His Hands with any reasonable hope of success owing to his strong position in men, money and This daring exploit marks the beginning of hill forts. To these general considerations his career as the champion of Hindu religion was added another of a personal nature - in the Konkan. Fort after fort either Chandrarao More must have been privy to voluntarily surrendered or was surprised, the treacherous attack made upon Shivaji till the Konkan as far as Sawantwadi was the Great by Baji Shamraj. Incensed at in the hands of the Marathas. The hill of this, the Maratha leader decided to get rid Raigad, his future capital, was probably of More. The various hill-forts of the Ghat first occupied at this time. Kalyan and the Matha were then immediately stormed and revenues of the Konkan were thus lost to the whole of the territory of the Mores fell the Bijapur court, and the disgraced into the hands of Shivaji. The terror of his Maulana Ahmed clamoured for revenge. name had now spread all over the central But the decaying state was afraid to act Deccan and practically every independent openly against Shahji who had won big chief, including the Savants of Vali, was successes in the late Karnatic campaign. brought under his sway, the only exception They therefore instructed Ghorpade to being the Siddis of the important port of seize Shahhi by treachery. For this Janjira. Thus the authority of Bijapur, north cowardly betrayal, Shivaji subsequently of Kolhapur was almost extinguished. took a terrific vengeance on Mudhol which he razed to the ground in 1661. This was the only instance where the enraged Shivaji ordered anything like a general massacre. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 98 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE DEADLY ENCOUNTER

AVLI was situated in the deep to the title of ‘Deshmukh’ at Gunjan. Some forests and gorgeous mountains of people tried to influence Shilankar to believe JMahabaleshwar, Makarand Garh, that Shivaji intended to support More and Mangal Garh and Parghat. The mountains help him annex Gunjan. The news of these rose to stupendous heights and the heavy rumours reached Shivaji’s ears, and he at down-pour of the monsoons made the once wrote to Shilankar : forests grow dense. The dark and heavy “I have come to know from reliable sources foliage sheltered a variety of wild animals. that some bad elements have created a It was over this wild country that the More doubt in your mind, that I am trying to family ruled as the Adil Shah’s representatives, the proud bearers of the title “Chandrarao”, bestowed upon them by the Shah.

Shivaji’s ambition of founding an independent Empire was still in the budding stage then. Only four or five forts were controlled by him. He wished that Chandrarao More should allow the merger of Javli into his territory, though there would be no infringement on More’s right in his Jagir. But he had not approached Chandrarao yet with deprive you of your ‘Deshmukhi’ rights. the proposal. They have also made you believe that I am after your life and the ruin of your family. Chandrarao More was a good neighbour to But, I assure you that I have nothing of Shivaji for sometime after coming into that sort in my mind. Please do not give possession of his Jagir. But gradually he credence to such rumours but come and started showing signs of greed. He claimed meet me personally, so that we can talk the title of ‘Deshmukh’ in the village of over the matter and dispel all lingering Gunjan. Shilankar, who had proved his doubts.” mettle during the attack on Fateh Khan when he fought the Khan shoulder to Chandrarao, of course, did not like Shivaji’s shoulder with Shivaji, held exclusive rights support of Shilankar. But, he kept quiet as the time was not yet ripe for action. At VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 99 SHIVAJI IN STORIES this juncture, Shivaji came to know that resisted valiantly. Slowly but surely, they one Rango Trimbak Vadke of the Muse Valley realised that Shivaji’s power was something dishonoured a woman. Shivaji always that could not be toyed with. In the face imposed severe discipline upon his subjects of defeat, Chandrarao fled to Rairi. with regard to their conduct. Rangoba was Javli was now in the hands of Shivaji. He frightened when he realised that Shivaji called Murar Baji and praised his skill and had come to know of his misdemeanour. coaxed him to join him in his fight for He ran to Chandrarao for fear of freedom. It was the same Murar Baji who punishment, and Chandrarao gave him later on made for himself a name as a great refuge. and valiant general in the Maratha army. Chandrarao became bolder. He attacked Now Shivaji left Javli and set out for Rairi Rohnide, a part of Shivaji’s territory. He fort where Chandraro More was hiding. The also killed Ramaji Patel and his son Lumaji fort was a strong one and was surrounded of the village of Chikhali. The more Shivaji by very steep mountains and high walls. tolerated his misdeeds, the bolder he became. Shivaji warned him several times, Rairi withstood the onslaught of one long asking him to abandon his troublesome month. Shivaji persisted with the siege, ways. Where coaxing failed he threatened knowing well that Chandraro would not be Chandrarao with punishment. Far from able to stay within the fort and fight giving up his troublesome ways he was now indefinitely. Sooner or later, that life of more arrogant and provocative than confinement would become difficult, and before. At last, Shivaji’s patience was then Chandrarao would have to surrender, exhausted and he decided to attack Javli. for he did not possess the strength and He immediately called for a conference of force to meet Shivaji in the open. Events all his commanders, Kanjohi Jedhe, Haibat turned out exactly as Shivaji had expected. Rao Shilankar, Sambaji Kavji, Kondhalkar, Chandrarao surrendered. Shivaji pardoned Bandal Naik and Raghunath Pant Sabnis to him and returned to him the jagir of Javli. discuss the matter. He announced But More would not keep out of mischief. seriously, “I dislike declaring war against Finally, when he conspired with Baji my compatriot, but Chandraro More is Ghorpade and tried to join hands with the becoming too much of an obstacle to our Bijapur Sultan, Shivaji came to know of fight for freedom. He has to be removed.” this and, infuriated by More’s ingratitude, The commanders launched an all out attack attacked Javli again and captured More. against Javli. The Mores were renowned Chandrarao tried to escape, but was for their skill in the wielding of the sword. captured and executed, and so were his They displayed this skill at its best in the two sons. Javli and Rairi came into Shivaji’s battle that ensued, especially one of their hands. commanders, Murar Baji. Shivaji noted his skill with appreciation. The battle that ensued was a fierce one and the Mores VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 100 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

A RARE FEAT

T was past midnight. Cold breeze was blowing with biting ferocity I as the Mavali horsemen prepared themselves. In that dense darkness there was a deadly calm. Not a word was spoken though hundreds of Mavalis carried on their preparations. Only the occasional thud of an impatient horse’s hoofs or the neighing of a mare straining at the reins, disturbed the silent night. The horses were alert, waiting for the orders of the mounted men, who in turn awaited the orders of Shivaji.

The bell in Purandareshwar temple rang and recognise him. The door was closed. aloud, its clear notes filling the night air of Fateh Khan’s camp around Belsar was sunk the jungle. Shivaji rode away from the in deep slumber. The tents were billowing temple immediately and Baji Pasalkar with the wind, looking like white elephants followed him. The Mavli horsemen clustered together. On all sides of the positioned themselves with javelins tightly camp, alert guards kept up the night vigil clasped in their hands. Shivaji dug his with burning torches. Occasionally, a guard spurs, signaling to his stallion to speed up. moved around the camp with a big tin of The side gate of the fort opened with a oil, to replenish the spent oil for the creaking noise, and the stallion galloped torches. The bells tied round the bullocks on, followed by a horseman carrying the and camels made a jingling noise in the saffron flag, and other Mavli horsemen, night breeze. Long shrill calls of ‘Hoshiar’ with javelins raised high over their hands. from the guards, echoed from time to time. Slowly the sound of the hoofs died into Fateh Khan’s tent was in the centre of the the darkness. Neelkanth Rao watched the camp. The guards kept a close watch with men disappear into the darkness and then naked swords in their hands. Adil Shah’s ordered the gate-keepers to close the flag fluttered, a few yards from the tent. gate. But before they could close it completely, a horseman streaked past at Shivaji’s horsemen continued their very great speed. There was hardly any movements. The horses glided swiftly in opportunity for the gate-keeper to observe pitch darkness. Dense forests and pitch VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 101 SHIVAJI IN STORIES darkness could not deter the horsemen as and came forward in defence. But, much they rapidly cut their way towards Fateh damage had been done by then. Khan’s camp. As Shivaji approached Belsar, Although all other platoons of Shivaji took he reduced the speed of his stallion. He part in the plundering, the platoon carrying halted at some distance from the camp, the ochre flag was intentionally kept at a where he ordered his distance from the distance. It was decided that the platoon camp, where he ordered his Mavli men to should enter the camp only when the disperse in various directions to attack. plunder was completed. Seeing their Concealing in the darkness they stealthily comrades fully engaged, they could not spread out and waited, ready to spring. help pitching in. Calm prevailed all over the jungle for a while Khan plunged into the fray with all his and suddenly the atmosphere was rent with might. His army was vast. Shivaji knew war cries as the Mavali groups moved in well that he could not stand against such and pounced upon the surprised army of a vast army with his limited number of the Khan. The sleeping soldiers were jerked soldiers, and it was not his intention to rudely out of their slumber and they fumbled capture the camp either. It was merely to and ran in utter confusion and disarray, inflict as much damage as possible, and their minds still groggy. They did not know withdraw. what was to be done. Some ran, some fumbled for weapons ; some were caught After inflicting considerable damage, Shivaji under the huge canvases as the Marathas gave a signal and the Maratha army cleared had cut off the strings of the tents, and out as quickly as they had swarmed in. As were trying to find the way out. The planned earlier, Maharaj went out towards Marathas pierced the collapsing tents, the platoon bearing the standard. Seeing pandemonium broke loose. Shivaji himself that they had entered Khan’s camp moved around like a tiger, ordering his without waiting for instructions and were soldiers hither and thither, preventing the already deep inside the camp, he was Khan’s soldiers from the assembling at one worried, but there was no time to waste ! place to put up a fight. Fateh Khan came He sped towards the fortress. out of his tent and stared at the melee in The flag platoon, in the meanwhile, found panic. Marathas raided the whole camp. themselves trapped, surrounded by about They ran around with lightning speed and five to six hundred Pathan soldiers. They did not spare any life. The war cry of ‘Har realised that their ambition had misfired. Har Mahadev’ filled the whole atmosphere The standard bearer became the target of and struck terror in the Khan’s soldiers. the enemy. They flocked round him. The Khan came forward to fight with a Maratha soldiers tried their best to foil the sword and a shield in his hands. attempt of the enemy to reach the Encouraged by their leader now in their standard bearer. It would have been shame midst, some of his soldiers also gathered for the Maratha soldier to let the flag fall into the enemy’s hands. The situation was VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 102 SHIVAJI IN STORIES getting grave and the soldiers were falling The platoon entered the gate of the fast. What was to be done ? The soldier fortress. Shivaji saw the soldier holding carrying the flag was clutching at it as if it the flag, and stared in disbelief at the were his very life. young boyish face. He was a mere lad, not one of his rugged, seasoned soldiers ! But, as ill luck would have it, he was hit by Baji Pasalkar stood beside Shivaji. He too a sword. He swayed at the cruel blow, was astonished. Baji shouted at the young and made a mighty effort to stay upon the boy carrying the flag : horse, but fell. It looked as though the flag would be captured by the enemy! “Is that you ?” Suddenly a horseman shouting ‘Har Har The young boy held the flag tightly in his Mahadev’ rushed through the crowd, and hand, and laughed merrily. He was the fought his way deftly flashing his sword grandson of Baji. His father, Kanhoji, had like lightning, reached the falling man. He warned him not to join the army as he was caught hold of the falling flag with his left too young. He was too young to take hand. He had no time to waste ; he part in such expeditions, thought Kanhoji continued to slash at the enemy with the and Baji was not permitted to accompany deadly sword while, with his right hand he the Mavalis who went to plunder Fateh ordered the Marathas to clear off. He Khan’s camp that night. He had been himself turned swiftly and rushed through purposely dropped out. But how could that ; his sword spelt death all the way out. boy rest in peace ? He followed the platoon Within a few moments he was out of the in stealth, determined to play his part in camp and reached the fort of Belsar. The the expedition. others followed suit. They went along with the soldier holding the flag to Purandar, He was the horseman who sped through where Shivaji had already arrived. He was the gate after all the soldiers had left and in a pensive mood, thinking of the platoon when the gate was about to be closed ! and the flag left behind. He escaped miraculously with the flag which would have otherwise surely fallen into the It was the early hours of morning. Shivaji hands of the enemy. Suddenly the young stood on Shendrya bastion with some of lad became a great hero and the talk of his men. Although he was happy for the the entire fort centered round his battering that Khan got at their hands, he astonishing valour. Shivaji praised him was also unhappy to have lost the flag. highly and bestowed upon him the title, Suddenly, he saw a horseman with the flag ‘Sarje Rao’. Baji Pasalkar beamed with pride in his hand speeding towards the fortress. at the valiant performance of his grandson. He stared with unbelieving eye at the advancing men, and then a brilliant smile broke out on his face. At last, the flag had been restored. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 103 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE SILENT STRENGTH

DIL SHAH had arrested Shahji, “Mother ! Tell me how we have wronged Shivaji’s father, and openly you or anyone ? Our efforts were directed Achallenged Shivaji : “Young man, to make poor people happy in our Swarajya do you want your father to live or not ? If ! Why do you cause us so much trouble ? you do, return all the forts that you have What should my son do under these captured from us. Abandon all your plans circumstances ? Am I not your daughter ? for your Swarajya. Surrender yourself and That wicked Khan is about to kill my I shall offer you some suitable service. Are husband ! Tell me, pray tell me ! Where you willing to accept it ? Think over the should I go for refuge ? Should I go and proposal seriously. Remember the fate of fall at the feet of that wicked Badshah ?” your father who is our captive.” This was She shed bitter tears. the threat that faced Shivaji ; and he sat immersed in thought. The news that came in from time to time was far from encouraging. There were a Jija Bai also faced similar questions from number of brave generals with Fateh Khan, Badshsh : “Tell me, do you want your viz., Muskhan, Minad Shaikh, Hasam Shaikh, husband or Swarajya ? You have provoked Ashraf Shah, Balaji Haibat Rao and Bajaji your son to revolt against me. Swarajya ! Naik Nimbalkar of Phalton. Recollect how your father was killed. Think over the end of your brother. How did the Bajaji Naik Nimbalkar was a relation of head of Murar Deo fly into the air when he Shivaji ! His brother-in-law ! Brother of dared talk against me ! How was that his wife, Sai Bai Saheb ! Shivaji was in a wicked Babaji Kate murdered ! Don’t you dilemma. If he continued with his efforts remember ? Your husband’s life is at my towards establishing Swarajya, he could mercy. Tell me what you prefer, your lose his father. If he tried to get the husband or Swarajya ! I have selected a release of his father, he had to abandon fine swordsman, full of valour and skill, to his aims and attempts. The bright linga of teach your son and his wicked friends a Raireshwar stood in front of him. He had good lesson. He is already half way up.” touched it and taken an oath, “I shall Mavali spies brought foreboding news. A struggle for my country and religion, general from Bijapur had come along with whatever obstacles may come in my way!” a huge army to demolish the foundations On the other hand, he could see the figures of Swarajya. of Jija Bai and Shahji before his eyes ! Love for father ! Respect for mother ! Patriotism The whole of Raigarh was in panic. Jija Bai ! Young Shivaji, hardly eighteen years was flung herself at the feet of Goddess caught in a turmoil. Swarajya was at stake Bhavani, and wept piteously : VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 104 SHIVAJI IN STORIES on the one side, and his father’s life and fluttered in the breeze. Kondana fort was survival on the other ! What could he do ? visible. It stood erect and tall, almost His mind was aflame. Bad news incessantly touching the sky. Maharaj was in no mood kept pouring in every day. It seemed that to be captivated by nature’s beauty now. the spies were meant to convey only bad What was that sound ? The sound of news ! The news of Fateh Khan’s arrival bangles and toe-rings ? Shivaji looked up near Rajgarh, the news that Khan’s army and in utter surprise saw Sai Bai Saheb had crossed Indapur, and then the news standing near the curtain. that Khan reached Bar Mati, then Kanheri, then Nira, then Jeyur and even Belsar. “May I come in ?” she asked. These caused a shiver to run through even “Please do,” replied Shivaji, with a faint Shivaji. Shivaji’s dream of Swarajya was smile on his face. being wiped out by the wily hands of Khan. Sai Bai Saheb sat near Maharaj. She wore Shivaji was perplexed ! Whom could he a vermillion mark on her fair fore-head. Her consult ? Sonapant Dabir ? Bapujipant ears twinkle with diamond rings. The Narhekar ? Or Mazumdar ? No, No ! They young girl, barely eighteen, said in a tender were all in a state of horror ! Could he voice, “What makes Maharaj so thoughtful consult his own mother ? No ! At least ?” not at the time when she was in deep grief herself ! “You know pretty well ! Shahji Raje has been treacherously arrested by the At that moment a shocking news reached Badshah. His life is in danger ! And Rajgarh : “One regiment of Fateh Khan’s Badshah has released a major part army had entered Swarajya territories of his army to smash us. The army has through Shirval under the leadership of reached Jejuri !” explained Maharaj. Balaji Haibat Rao.” “That’s all ! Is it that which has caused This was followed by another : “Badshah’s you all this worry ?” asked Sai Bai Saheb army conquered Subhan Mangal fort at in astonishment. Shirval.” “is that a minor event ?” Shivaji had to receive blow after blow. He was not afraid of the army in his territories. “No ; but, why should Maharaj find it so He knew that it was expected and difficult to cope with this simple situation inevitable. But, he was definitely shocked ?” wondered Sai. at the check that Badshah had applied by “Do you find it so trifling ? My father is arresting Shahji and this was treachery ! about to lose his life ! If I go to get him Shivaji was in a panic ! His whole released all our efforts for Swarajya will be movement seemed to have failed, at least in vain. I shall have to return every inch temporarily. In his own Mahal, the main of the territory that we have fought so fortress of Rajgarh, Shivaji sat sunk in deep hard for. We shall be reduced to slavery. thought. The curtains on the arches VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 105 SHIVAJI IN STORIES It is a choice between my father and the and others followed him. Shivaji was more Swarajya of our people : both of them are determined. He discussed some plans. dear to me. Both are worthy of worship “Whatever may happen, father must be by me !” released and Swarajya should not be given up. Badshah has challenged our might as “Yet, what is the difficulty ? You can have well as our intelligence !” thought Shivaji. both ! You can save father-in-law and still cherish Swarajya ! Nothing is Shivaji decided to fight with Fateh Khan ! impossible for a person like you.” If God really wished that Swarajya should be established, Fateh Khan’s army must Suddenly, Shivaji glanced at her in surprise, suffer a defeat at Shivaji’s hands. for she spoke with determination and confidence. Maharaj ordered his army to get ready. At the same time he thought of a clever trick “My dear Queen !” Maharaj stared at her but she continued : “Why is it not possible ? I am only a woman ! Women do not know much about politics or war. But I am certain that for you, of all persons, nothing is impossible !” she said.

Shivaji kept on staring at her in wonder.

“Goddess Bhavani has given you the strength of a lion ! She has given you intelligence and wisdom. How can anything be impossible for you ? Plan things in all earnestness and you will be successful ! And while trying to rescue your father from those wicked enemies, if you succumb in a battle, I do not see anything wrong in it. to get his father released. He sent one of You will be doing your glorious duty !” his brilliant envoys to establish contact Shivaji was stunned ! He was struck with with the Badshah at Delhi. On the one her wisdom and resolve ! It seemed as if hand he solicited the help of Shahzada he had seen a Divine vision ! His heart Murad, who was stationed at Ahmedabad was filled with awe. A smile replaced the as the Subedar for Gujarat, and on the gloom on his face. The young queen who other, he sent his spy towards Purandar was hardly eighteen years had spoken fort. inspiringly to him. Nothing was impossible What was the strength of Shivaji’s army for him now. then ? Hardly one thousand two hundred. Shivaji, then, went to his secret chamber. Soon they received the orders to march. Sonopant Dabir, Baji Pasalkar, Bapujipant They prepared within minutes. Let the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 106 SHIVAJI IN STORIES enemy be five thousand or five lakh strong, THE SCALES they were determined to rout the blighters. OF JUSTICE It was the resolve of one and all of the Mavalis. Mother Jija Bai demanded success from Goddess Bhavani for her son. The saffron flag fluttered in the breeze. Baji HE forest was very dense, and Pasalkar, Bhikaji Chor, Godaji Jagtap, Baji deep darkness prevailed all Jedhe, Kavji Malhar, Shivaji Ingle, Bhimaji Taround, and yet some soldiers Wagh, Bhairoji Chor, all of them were managed to escape. Hundreds of them prepared for the great clash. Shivaji were caught. One man groped his way mounted his horse. The horse raised its through the dense forests, as he moved front hoofs. Maharaj raised his hands in about furtively. Every moment panic response and shouted the cry of victory : gripped him harder.

“Jai Bhavani !” Khandoji Khopde Deshmukh was a traitor to the freedom movement, a selfish, wicked, “Jau Bhavani !” All the others responded cowardly person ! Khandoji Khopde had enthusiastically. From the gates of Raigarh, no respect for the invaluable work done an army of horsemen followed Shivaji by Shivaji Maharaj. He had no reverence Maharaj ; with faith in God and deep love for his religion, no ideal to strive for nor for his country he set out, to rout Fateh any courage to support the great work done Khan ! by Shivaji Maharaj. He joined Afzal Khan ! From behind the curtain of a window in but, he was not faithful to him, either ! Maharaj’s Mahal at Rajgarh, two eager eyes Khan lost his life and that foolish person silently bade a warm and inspiring send- tried to survive at any cost. A traitor and off to Maharaj and his army unnoticed by a deserter, he was now on the run. anyone. She was Sai Bai Saheb ! the Where could he go ? Now that the Khan valiant young queen. was killed, who would accept him ? He was sure that one day Shivaji would find him out and kill him. He escaped from the forests of Javli.

After the Pratapgarh battle when peace reigned for sometime, Khandoji furtively left his hide-out and reached Rohid Khore. Some villages, like Utravali, Nazre, Bazan, Wadi were in his possession. Khandoji hid himself in one of these villages, but he was in doubt as to how he could continue to live and how long ? One long year passed VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 107 SHIVAJI IN STORIES thus in fear and trepidation. Sometime Haibat Rao had come on some unpleasant later. Maharaj came to Raigarh from mission. What could it be ? Haibat Rao Visalgarh. Khandoji decided to do himself explained his father-in-law’s wish. something about his unhappy state and Kanhoji gave him a patient hearing. “Has sent a messenger to Haibat Rao Shilankar. Khandya escaped alive and does he still Haibat Rao was one of the closest friends wish to live ? It is very difficult ! He can of Maharaj. He was also the son-in-law never escape the penalty of death at the fought loyally on the side of Maharaj, the hands of Maharaj !” He was sure that father-in-law had shamelessly turned Khandya would lose his life with one stroke traitor. He had become an enemy to the of the Bhavani sword. Kanhoji knew Shivaji’s fight for Swaraj ! discipline and the sharpness of his Shameless the fugitive sword. He sat father-in-law sent a man immersed in thought to his son-in-law with a when Haibat Rao broke message, “I have managed the silence “Naik, you to escape, but I am afraid are respected by of Maharaj. Let me know Maharaj. Kindly save what I should do !” the life of Khandoji Khandoji could not wait for Khopde. I am sure, the return of the you will be successful messenger, so he went to in your attempt !” Haibat Rao himself ! Haibat Did it mean that Rao was disgusted at the Maharaj would listen very sight of Khandoji. He to Kanhoji ? Yes, he could not imagine what would ! Haibat Rao favour his father-in-law was sure about it. would ask for ! Khandoji Kanhoji had served told him, that he would like Maharaj loyally for to be pardoned by Maharaj ! many years. Maharaj respected Kanhoji It was, then, the turn of Haibat Rao to be and treated him like a father. So Haibat frightened. Could he request Maharaj to Rao was sure that Maharaj would certainly save his life ? Could he even utter a word listen to Kanhoji. to that effect ? He could well imagine With great reluctance Kanhaji accepted the Maharaj’s reaction to such a request. How task, but the problem that faced him was could he make such a preposterous how he could put forward the case. Kanhoji request. was in a dilemma. He could neither reject Haibat Rao did not speak. Down-cast he nor completely accept it. Yet Haibat Rao went to Javli and met Kanhoji Naik. From was a loyal man. At last Kanhoji got up his countenance Kanhoji guessed that VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 108 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and went to Maharaj. He felt that a heavy was Shivaji’s firm conviction. That’s over load weighed on him. then. He could not plead for Khandoji any more. Yet he decided to try once again. As Kanhoji climbed the steps and entered So, he got up and pleaded “Maharaj, I am the fortress, his heart beat fast. Having prepared to take the blame on behalf of made up his mind he met Maharaj alone. Khandoji, but please spare his life !” Maharaj understood that something weighed on Kanhoji’s mind. Moments ticked Maharaj became thoughtful. A person of away in silence. At last he managed to Kanhoji’s status was pleading for Khandoji begin, “Khandoji Khopde of Utravali has ; if he did not agree, Kanhoji, a faithful escaped alive and now he wishes to atone servant of Bhonsles, revered for his age for his past conduct.” The Kanhoji and loyalty, would be hurt ; if he did, the traitor would get away scot free. It set a bad example to others. What could be done ? He looked down and told Naik, “I have no alternative but to pardon him now that you plead for him, I agree to let him live. But Khandoji should be brought here.”

Kanhoji was delighted. Maharaj had paid heed to his word. Maharaj never listened to anyone, but he agreed to Kanhoji’s request ! He felt honoured. explained in detail while Maharaj listened Kanhoji descended from the fort and sent in silence, a silence that was foreboding. a message to Khandoji that Maharaj had Unable to bear it Kanhoji burst out. agreed to pardon him and that he should “Maharaj, please pardon Khandoji Khopde go to the fort to offer obeisance. !” No sooner had Kanhoji uttered these Khandoji could not believe it ; nevertheless words than Maharaj flared up ! he was very, very happy. He came to “That wicked traitor. He had no land, and Kanhoji and the latter took him to Shivaji. I made him a land-lord. Yet he had the Maharaj was seated in court and Khandoji audacity to join Afzal Khan. He has no followed suit but did not dare to raise his right to ask for mercy. Please do not ask head. Shivaji did not utter a word ! He a favour on his behalf. I cannot forgive turned and walked away in silence, unable him !” Now it became more than ever clear to contain his fury. The next day Khandoji to Kanhoji what Shivaji felt towards traitors. again appeared in the court to pay his A traitor was not to be pardoned. That respects, Maharaj looked up with blood VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 109 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Naik, I did keep my word ! I did not kill shot eyes. Khandoji was terrified. Khandoji. I merely got his hand which Suddenly Shivaji ordered a swordsman to fought against his own people and the leg hold the wicked traitor ! “Take him away. that ran towards their enemy amputated.” Though his life is spared, he shall not escape punishment. Sever his right hand and left “After all he was a traitor ! He deserved a leg.” worse fate.” Maharaj had agreed to spare his life and had done so. Did his offence deserve any pardon ? If one escaped punishment in spite of one’s treachery would it not be a bad example to the people ? Writing a letter of regret or tending an apology was hardly sufficient for such a crime. If justice had to be maintained, traitors have to be punished severly. Otherwise, Swarajya would not survive.

What wrong did Maharaj do ? Maharaj explained his responsibility as a lover of Kanhoji Naik came to know of it. He got his country. Kanhoji with his long years of annoyed at What Maharaj had done ! Had service should have understood all this he cut off his hand and leg ? Was it justice without Shivaji’s explanations, but a man ? Maharaj had broken his promise. The is sometimes carried away by his own more he thought of it the more angry he emotions. Emotions and sentiments have got. It was intolerable, he thought and so small place in the administration of justice he went straight to Khandoji and gently of a country. Those who cannot shoulder bandaged his wounds and then went to that responsibility properly will bring ruin Maharaj. to themselves and to their subjects. Shivaji’s words burnt themselves into Maharaj knew well that Kanhoji would meet Kanhoji’s memory. He realised his folly. It him when he heard of the punishment was not meet to plead for a traitor. imposed on Khandoji. When Kanhoji Maharaj was right ! And Kanhoji expressed entered, Maharaj was awaiting his arrival. his admiration and respect for him with a Kanhoji spoke with annoyance. deeply grateful smile. “You pardoned Khandoji and told me that you would spare his life ! What value is there for your word ?”

Maharaj saw that Kanhoji was very angry; and he spoke gently in response. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 110 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE NIGHT-ATTACK ON SHAISHTA KHAN EXTRACTS FROM JADUNATH SARKAR’S SHIVAJI AND HIS TIMES

T was the 6th day of Ramzan, the It was evidently at this time that the lamps month of fasting for Muslims. The in the room were put out by some wise Iservants of Nawab’s household had woman. In the darkness two of the mostly fallen asleep after their day’s Marathas tumbled into a cistern of water ; abstinence followed by the heavy meal at and the confusion that followed was used night. Some cooks who had arisen from by Shaishta Khan’s slave-girls to carry him their beds to make a fire and prepare the away to a place of safety. The Marathas meal which is taken a little before dawn in continued their work of slaughter in the the month of Ramzan, were dispatched by darkness for sometime, killing and wounding the Marathas without any noise. The wall many of the Khan’s women, without dividing this outer kitchen from the body knowing their sex. servants’ room within the harem once had Meantime the other half of Shivaji’s force, a small door in it, but the opening had been the 200 men, evidently under Babaji Bapuji, closed with brick and mud to complete the who had been left outside the harem, had seclusion of the harem. The Marathas rushed the main guard, slaying the sleepers began to take out the bricks and made an and the awake and crying out in derision, opening there. The noise of their pick- “Is it thus that you keep watch ?” They axes and the groans of the dying awoke next entered the band-room and ordered some of the servants, who reported the the bandsmen, as if from the Khan, to play. suspicious noise to the Khan, but that The loud noise of the kettle-drums drowned general only rebuked them for disturbing all voices, and the yells of the enemy his sleep for a trifle. swelled the confusion. The tumult in the Soon the breach in the wall was large harem, too, now grew so great that the enough for a man to creep through. Shivaji, Mughal troops became aware that their with his trusty lieutenant Chimnaji Bapuji, general was being attacked. Shouting “the was the first to enter the harem, and was enemy are on us,” they began to take up followed by 200 of his men. The place their arms. was a maze of canvas, screen-wall after Abul Fath, a son of Shaishta Khan, had screen-wall and enclosure within enclosure. been the first to hasten to his father’s Hacking a way through them with his rescue without waiting for others; but the sword, Shivaji reached the very bed-room brave youth was slain after he had struck of the Khan. The frightened women roused down two or three Marathas. Another the Nawab, but before he could use his Mughal captain who lodged just behind the weapons Shivaji was upon him and severed harem enclosure, finding its gate closed the thumb with one stroke of his sword. from within by the wily Marathas, let himself VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 111 SHIVAJI IN STORIES down inside by means of a rope-ladder ; AT THE FEET but he was at once attacked and killed. OF TUKARAM Shivaji, finding his enemies fully awakened and arming, delayed no longer, but By D.V.PATUKAR promptly left the harem, called his men and S.K.DEODHAR together, and withdrew from the camp by the direct route, while the Mughals, not knowing where their enemies were, S Shivaji’s Kingdom grew in fruitlessly searched all their camp. extent and influence, saintly men all over Deccan happily sang the This night-attack was a complete success. A name of God, and people thronged to their The retreat from the camp was unmolested Bhajans and Kirtans. Shivaji was deeply and no pursuit was made. During the religious and he encouraged discourses and surprise the Marathas lost only six men killed devotional gatherings throughout his land. and forty wounded, while they slew a son Many saints had the patronage of Maharaj, and a captain of Shaishta Khan’s forty of and among them there was one saint, his attendants and six of his wives and whose sweet discourses had a special slave-girls, besides wounding two other fascination for the pious young King. He sons, eight other women and Shaista Khan was Tukaram, whose devotional songs himself. flowed like a stream of nectar in and around The daring and cunning of the Maratha hero river Indrayani. was rewarded by an immense increase of One day, when the King was at the fort of his prestige. He was taken to be an Purandhar, he received the tidings that incarnation of Satan ; no place was Saint Tukaram had come to Poona and believed to be proof against his entrance would be giving a discourse in the court- and no feat impossible for him. The whole yard of the shrine in a certain mansion. country talked with astonishment and terror of the almost super-human deed done by “We shall go to Poona for the Kirtan.” him ; and there was bitter humiliation and Shivaji announced. “There is divine magic sorrow in the Emperor’s Court and family in Tukaram Maharaj’s words.” circle at this disaster to his maternal uncle The Muslim Subedar of the area learnt of and the “premier peer” (amir-ul-umara) of Shivaji Proposed visit to Poona and his Empire. immediately hatched a plan. Picking out a handful of men he gave them his secret order : “Be ready for a surprise raid on the temple when Shivaji is there.”

It was night and the soft glow of oil lamps filled the spacious court-yard of the temple. A large crowd of devout men and women VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 112 SHIVAJI IN STORIES eagerly waited for the saint to begin, and there was now a note of urgency in his among them sat the young King, voice, as if he was urging the Almighty to accompanied by a few close companions. protect the young saviour of the country.

The saint stood up, and his soft voice Suddenly Shivaji and a small party of his chanting the Lord’s name filled the companions rushed out of the gate and atmosphere. The people as well as the sprang on to their mounts. Before the King listened enraptured to that sublime Muslim force could know what was melody. happening, the Marathas were galloping away. But some stealthy movements were noticed near the grates of the temple. In a little “There, “ the Subedar shouted, pointing while it became clear that Muslim soldiers to the typical turban that Shivaji wore, had cordoned off the mansion. A wave of “There he goes ! After him, all of you !” panic ran through the audience. In a Cursing aloud, the Subedar himself sprang worried voice the host whispered to on to his horse. The others followed him Tukaram, “The Muslims have come here to and the whole party ran in hot pursuit. capture Shivaji.” Inside the temple the saint calmly continued The young King, who was sitting near, with his Kirtan. Some of Shivaji’s calmly said, “Do not worry about us. Please companions returned and sat down again. continue the Kirtan without interruption.” On their lips a faint, inscrutable smile played. The saint closed his eyes for a brief moment, as if to commune with the Tukaram looked at them as they sat down Almighty and then continued with his and a benign joy lit up his face as he looked hymns. at Hiroji Farjand.

He sang without the slightest change of For it was not Hiroji. It was Shivaji wearing serenity on his face, and those in the Hiroji’s turban and Hiroji’s robes. audience who were frightened were soon It was not difficult for the saint to soothed by the silent calm on his face and understand the trick that had been played. the spoken assurance of his songs. Hiroji Farjand had a striking resemblance The young companions of Shivaji were, to Shivaji in features and stature, and the however, alert. Tanaji, Yessaji Netaji and daring young man had undertaken to lead Hiraji Farjand talked among themselves for the Muslims away on the strength of that a few moments. Then Hiroji whispered into resemblance. Shivaji’s ears, “Raje ! will you please come “It is dangerous,” Shivaji had remonstrated, over for a moment ? I have a plan.” but with a sly smile Hiroji had responded. The small party went to the ante-chamber “Don’t worry, Raje ! We’ll be too swift for of the temple for a few moments, while the pursuers. We shall easily elude them the saint continued with his Kirtan, but in the darkness and reach Purandhar.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 113 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji had reluctantly agreed and the robes The gentle words lit up Shivaji’s mind with and turbans had been exchanged. Wearing the luminosity of Divine Grace, and he the young King’s distinctive turban and touched the feet of the great saint again, apparel, the dare-devil had taken the the saint whose music was the music of Muslims by surprise and sped away while the Lord. the young King calmly sat, engrossed in the Bhajan.

In the meanwhile the fleet-footed Marathas had eluded their pursuers. “Allah’s curse on him,” the Subedar growled. “He took advantage of the darkness.”

Soon the party entered Purandhar, and Hiroji reported the whole story to Jijabai. Her eyes shone with admiration for her son’s brave friends.

The Kirtan came to an end in the temple. Shivaji fell at the saint’s feet and touched them in reverence.

Then he said, “Maharaj, good men like you deserve all the riches in the world. I’d like to present you with some silks, jewellery and a palanquin.”

The saint smiled and said, “But I’m already rich. I have with me the name of the Almighty, and it gives me all I want.”

“Then, Maharaj,” the pious King said, “let me remain with you. I, too, feel like leaving everything and merging myself in the name of God with you.”

The saint put a hand on the young King’s head and softly said, “Raje, your work, too, is the same as singing God’s glory. Every man has to worship in his own way, according to his own Dharma, and your way of worship is the attainment of freedom for your country.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 114 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE PROUD PYTHON

N his camp Shaishta Khan sat take your heavy guns through them but talking with Kartalab Khan. even your soldiers will have to march in a I single file.” “At last we have taken the fort of Chakan,” “Well, “ Kartalab Khan had replied, “in the Shaishta Khan said with satisfaction, pulling first place even if we have to wend our at his hookah. “But it has shown us how way like a snake, we would be too much impregnable Shivaji’s forts are.” of deadly python to be approached by Shivaji’s men and secondly, Shivaji has no “I have known that since long,” Kartalab idea of our destination.” Khan agreed ; “I have been posted in Deccan for a long time now, and I know So Kartalab Khan thought, but Shivaji’s Shahaji. Shivaji’s father personally. Both spies had reported every move of the Khan, father and son set great store by and Shivaji said to Netaji Palkar : impregnable forts.” “Netaji, the prey is walking into our parlour. For sometimes both sat thinking in silence. We entrust you with the job of taking care Then Shaishta Khan slowly said, “I have of them.” another idea. How do you like leading a “It will be a pleasure, Maharaj,” Netaji surprise expedition to the coastal areas of said with a broad smile. “It would be nice Konkan ?” if you could come just to watch the fun.” Kartalab Khan stroked his beard Slowly, heavily, the Khan’s huge army and thoughtfully and said, “A good idea. With armament wended its way through the the conquest of Konkan my prestige will mountains, climbing up and down the soar at the Darbar in Delhi.” tortuous passes. A few days later a huge Mughal force set The soldiers would look at the peaks out towards the sea. The army included towering above them and would be panic many prominent personalities including a stricken at the thought that Shivaji’s men lady named Rai Bagan. were hiding in those hills above. “Khan,” Rai Bagan had said to Kartalab “Could there be a more difficult mountain Khan at the start of the march, “Do you pass ?” Kartalab Khan’s generals thought realise what you are undertaking ? To reach while negotiating one till they came to Konkan you have to cross the Sahyadri another and a more difficult one. mountain range, and the passes are so narrow that not only will it be a job to VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 115 SHIVAJI IN STORIES And in the narrowest of them all, Umbar for, when you decided to cross this Khind, it happened. mountain with such a huge army. Now look ! Your men are being mowed down As the panting Mughal forces dragged their like grass. Now if you want to avoid way up the inhospitable terrain, a shrill complete destruction, there is only one way whistle echoed through the hills around and out, surrender.” And she pointed to Shivaji, literally from all around them a shower of watching from the crest of a hill. arrows whizzed past the Muslims. The Khan saw how his men were going “Ya Allah,” they screamed, knowing not down and cursed his fate under his breath. from where death came on wings. Before Glumly he beckoned to one of his generals they could recover from their shock, the and handed him a large white handkerchief. familiar war cry of “Har Har Mahadev”, rent “Go to Shivaji as our emissary,” he the skies and from every boulder and rock directed, “we want to talk peace.” a Mavia sprang upon the Mughals caught in the pass, his sword flashing in the sun. As the handkerchief began to flutter in the mountain wind, the Marathas stopped the It was slaughter, as the nimble-footed battle, and the man was allowed to climb Marathas jumped from rock to rock, cutting up to Shivaji. down the enemy, while the Muslims looked in vain for way to escape. “The Khan wishes to apologise,” the emissary began, “for transgressing into “Fight, men, fight !” Kartalab Khan shouted Shivaji Raje’s territory. It was done on at his panic-stricken men in frenzy, and he the thoughtless orders of Shaishta Khan. looked at his big guns lying immobilized in The Raje’s father Shahaji is an old friend the narrow pass. of Kartalab Khan, a fact Shivaji may please Like monkeys the Mavlas jumped from take into consideration.” boulder to boulder, striking at the fumbling In a short while a huge bundle of valuables Mughal army. The huge python, of which lay at Shivaji’s feet. Then the Khan’s the Khan had spoken so proudly lay gunners left their guns, muskets and swords helplessly bleeding, cut into a hundred and slowly began their ignominious retreat. pieces. Shivaji watched the scene and turned to And on an elevation above the battle scene Netaji with a look of admiration. stood two mounted men, Netaji Palkar, who “The credit of this victory is all yours, had directed the ambush so superbly, and Netaji,” he said softly. Netaji bowed by his side, Shivaji, watching his general’s happily. skill at war.

There was also another person who watched the rout, Rai Bagan.

“Khan Sahib,” she said to Kartalab, “I tried to make you understand what you were in VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 116 SHIVAJI IN STORIES HIS SOUL WAS NOT FOR SALE

OT more than a couple of days Shaishta Khan stopped his restless pacing - that was what Shaishta Khan and stared at the man. had thought it would take to N “Why,” he said slowly, “that’s an idea ! conquer the fort of Chakan when, during But it must be done secretly.” his invasion on Shivaji he laid a siege to it. The Khan gave the orders and the secret And the fort did look like it - a small operation began immediately. On the fort structure on plain ground, it was built of Firangoji Narsala saw the stocks of food mud. It had a force of about four hundred depleting. “Never mind,” the fort soldiers. commander said reassuringly, “whatever the The Khan gave the order : “The fort must odds, we fight it out.” fall in a couple of days.” The fifty-fifty day ! The Moghul guns boomed. Shells rained “It is complete,” the officer in charge of into the walls of the fort - and stuck in the secret tunnel reported to the Khan, the mud walls. In return, Maratha guns “the charge is in place.” rained fire on the Moghul army. With bravery and efficiency Firangoji Narsala, The Khan smiled. “At least this could commander of the fort, directed the overcome the stubborn resistance of these defence. devils.”

“Damnation !” the Khan angrily exclaimed, On the fort the Marathas force was as he saw his force of about twenty deployed as usual to meet the Moghul thousand struggling for fifty days. bombardment. The Moghuls were taking positions in a particular part of the Late at night, a war council met in the fortifications. There was an expectant Khan’s tent. “It is shameful !” the Khan pause. Then …… growled. “Such a small fort stands up to our mighty force for full fifty days.” “Boom….”

What should be done ? With a rumble that shook the atmosphere, the explosion ripped open a rampart of the Ideas and suggestions - Then someone fort and a gaping hole appeared. said, “I have an idea - let’s dig a tunnel from our camp to the ground under one of “Onward …. Attack !” the Khan gave the the ramparts of the fort, then placed order and the Moghuls rushed to the huge enough gun powder below it - and blow it opening. up.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 117 SHIVAJI IN STORIES For an instant Firangoji Narsala stared at The battle stopped. the havoc - at the debris that flew into As Firangoji stood erect before the Khan, the air - at the mangled bodies of many of the Moghul commander exclaimed, “What his men caught in the blast. bravery ! Come into the Imperial army - But there was not much time to stand and all the acme and wealth you may desire stare. The Moghuls were not far from the will be yours.” opening. Quietly the Maratha commander replied, Swiftly the Maratha commander gave the “My soul is not for sale.” order and a human phalanx moved up to “Shabash !” Shaishta Khan said, impressed close the gap in the defence. all the more. “You can leave the fort with “Swords in both hands, men !” Firangonji your men.” called out, “No shields !” Silently, but with their heads erect still, The Marathas jumped into the booby fray the Maratha commander and his handful and battle raged in the gap. of men rode out. It was August 15, 1660.

The Marathas fought like men possessed. Next day Firangoji stood before Shivaji In amazement the Khan saw that his men Maharaj, his eyes turned in shame to the could not get through, though they were ground. far greater in number. “I’m ashamed, Maharaj !” he gruffly said. For a whole day the fight was on at the “I could not defend the fort - I deserve to gap - and the Moghuls were kept out. be punished.” Night fell, but the Moghuls did not go back Shivaji looked at the man standing before to their camp. They stayed on right at him. “Punished ? Yes, I’ll punish you,” the gap. Maharaj said slowly, “by appointing you When morning came, fresh waves of commander of a more important fort, the Moghuls rushed at the defenders. The fort of Bhupalgarh.” depleted and exhausted ranks of the In astonishment Narsala looked up, and Marathas were overwhelmed - but the men Shivaji smiled at him. and their leader Firangoji Narasala, continued to fight like devils. “Yes, Firangoji, I am yet to see a lion like you - who could hold the fort for fifty-five Shaishta Khan swept into the fort and days when it could very well have fallen in watched the Maratha commander, his armed a week.” hands flashing everywhere like lightening.

In sheer admiration the Khan called out - “Stop ! I am yet to see a fighter like you …. I am proud of an enemy like you.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 118 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE LORD OF THE SEVEN CRORES

HERE was a well-known Shiva invaders. Gomantak was freed by the temple on the banks of the Vijayanagar kings from the possession of TPanchaganga near Dicholim. Shivaji the Sultan. Goa became free. The flag of knew of this holy place that the Portuguese freedom fluttered once more. The image had desecrated. It presented a sad scene of Gods and Goddesses were reinstalled in of utter desolation and ruin. The name of their respective shrines with full devotion. the deity in the temple was Sapta Once again Sapta-koteshwar temple was Koteshwar. This was a very ancient and established in the holy sanctuary of a hallowed temple. The tolerance of the beautiful temple and worship started as of devotees was extraordinary, indeed. old.

Its story dates back into the hoary past Years rolled by. There again came a time when, the Kadamba dynasty ruled Goa. when Gomantak was destined to suffer the Gomantak, as Goa was then known, was same fate. Now it was in the hands of the an independent Sovereign State. Portuguese. The Portuguese proved worse Kadambas had a powerful navy, they were than their Muslim fore-runners. It was in well known for their valour and devotion. the name of religion that the Portuguese Sapta Koteshwara was considered one of committed fresh atrocities on the people. the famous temples of the time. Once Within the span of twelve hours, six hundred this temple had been gorgeous, it was full and fifty temples were completely of beautifully-carved structures. In the shattered. The Sapta-koteshwar temple, sanctuary, there was a Shiva-lingam that too, suffered the same fate. Stone by shone brilliantly when it caught the light. stone, this magnificent edifice was Kadamba kings were noted for their consigned to the sea. The Shiva-lingam devotion. Therefore, they addressed was left planted by the side of a well, so themselves with the appellation, “Shri that people would have to step over it Saptakoteshwari Labdhawar-prasad while taking out water from the well. Maharajadhiraj Shri Kadambaveer.” Forty years went by. A person named First, the Sultans plundered the temple, Suryarao Desai obtained permission from burnt the scripts and smashed the idols. the Governor of Goa to carry away the There was ruin all around. The Sultans lingam to Narve. He took it and kept it in kept the Shiva-lings hidden. his house. At last, Sapta Koteshwar gained a roof over Himself. Later, the kings of Vijayanagar took a pledge to free the land with the temples and other Sixty summers passed. Then some one sacred places from the clutches of the saw an extraordinary person, making his VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 119 SHIVAJI IN STORIES way through the trees that stood in front over the name, “Shri Sapta Koteshwar ! of Shri Saptakoteshwar. This person was The God of Seven Crores ! To him it meant none other than Shivaji Maharaj ! that the Lord commanded an army of seven crores ! What a condition he was reduced The village of Narve stood on the banks of to today ! This was hallowed spot for all the Panchaganga. Cocoanut groves, areca Marathas ! He was one of the most revered nut trees, mangoes, teak, jack fruits, of their Gods. His greatness was jamuns etc. grew in such abundance here considered to be no less than that of Kashi that it looked like a jungle. About twenty- Vishveswar. Unfortunately, His devotees five huts could be seen between these became powerless and ignorant. That was trees. They were the huts of farmers. A the reason why the temple of such fame narrow route snaked along these huts and had to suffer all this desecration. Where stopped short of a hillock covered with was the trident that killed Tripurasura ? trees. A water-fall could be heard leaping Where was the arrow that broke down noisily somewhere in the vicinity. Andhakasura to pieces ? Where was the This was the hamlet of Narve. The tabor, ‘Damru’ and the ‘Third Eye’ that burnt surroundings were enchantingly green all proud Madan (Cupid) to ashes ? Where over. The spot had very recently merged was that terrible army of ghosts ? And into the Swarajya ! where was Bhavani-Parvati who killed A red stone wall was the only man-made Mahishasura ?” Maharaj stood gazing structure here. A huge arched recess broke lingam still shone more brilliantly ! the continuity of these stone walls. On Really, where were those sacred, entering it one saw the famous unconquerable weapons ? Saptakoteshwara Linga, housed in a tent- like structure, prepared from the dried Maharaj took his bath and sat for worship. leaves of coconut trees. An oil lamp The priest started chanting mantras ; lamps illumined the inside with its soft flow. were lit. Fragrance filled the air ; water Occasionally, the sun’s rays pierced for Abhisheka was poured over the lingam. through the gaps. Evidently, Lord For the first time, the ‘hut’ of Saptakoteshwar enjoyed His present Saptakoteshwar resounded with the accommodation of solitary splendour ! chanting of the Vedas. Occasionally, a Shivaji stood in front of this symbol of the vagrant ray peeped through the numerous great Lord Siva deeply absorbed in gaps and one or two of them fell on the devotion. He stood still for some time and bare body of Maharaj. said, “Pant, arrange for Puja, I am going The worship was over. Suddenly a dried to worship the Lord.” leaf from the roof fell, and it made a sound. Moropant straightaway engaged himself in It fell on the shoulder of Maharaj. He the arrangements for the worship. Maharaj laughed, and he brushed it aside. The stood underneath the mandapam. priest said, “Maharaj, really it is a good Thoughts thronged his mind. He pondered omen !” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 120 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “What do you mean ?” asked Shivaji. to remain in a neglected spot like this,” “Maharaj, Saptakoteshwar Himself has explained Guruji. demanded something from you !” replied “Yes, that is my wish as well, Guruji ; a the priest. “What is His demand, Guruji ?” fine temple will come up in time. Worship enquired Shivaji. “Maharaj, the Lord will be performed carefully and without any demands that a new temple be fear or worry in this land of Kadambas. constructed. He is the family God of many Nobody will dare to disturb Him.” kings. Now, we are in Swarajya (it is our own rule). We are in the kingdom of one “let that happen ! Let there be peace and who rules as a trustee of God. wealth !” Conches and bugles sounded in Saptakoteshwar should no more be allowed confirmation.

AND THEY SILENTLY SLIPPED AWAY

HAME and defeat were written to him that Siddi Johar, the insolent Bijapur all over his face. Fazal Khan Sardar who was at Kurnool, would be the Sburnt with the sense of disgrace of right one. Could he not be put in charge a son who could not avenge his father’s of a fresh campaign and made to march ignominious death. Worst of all, Panhala against the Maratha rebel ? fell into Shivaji’s hands. Allow him respite A letter went to Siddi and he arrived at now, and destruction of Bijapur would be Bijapur Court. The Sultan spoke honeyed complete. To add to the fears already words dripping flattery and solicitude. Who entertained by the Bijapur Sultan, news else but the powerful Siddi, could attack reached him of the alliance Shivaji made and capture the crafty Maratha ? He could with the British. Doraji captured three ships take whatever forces he wanted from carrying valuable goods, belonging to Afzal Bijapur and he would be the supreme Khan, which had fallen into the hands of commander of the forces. Siddi was British. He also captured a British official sufficiently flattered. With a vast army of by name Philip Chifford and brought him thirty thousand he thundered towards over as hostage and this forced the British Kolhapur. Shivaji heard the news of the to promise their help to Shivaji. terrible army coming under Siddi Johar’s Who, among all his defeated generals, would command with the complacency of a man dare to head an attack on this rebel knows how to take calculated risks. His Maratha ? The Sultan pondered over the main concern was to choose the base from situation. And then in a flash it occurred which resistance could be offered to the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 121 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Bijapur troops. Upon reflection, he decided Revington promptly consented to help Siddi. to thwart the enemy attack from Panhala Now that Philip Clifford was returned in fort. Better resist from the enemy territory safety, there was no longer any need to itself than recede towards his kingdom and abide by their promise to Shivaji. Looking let the enemy advance that far. So Panhal at the vast army of Siddi surrounding the Garh was the refuge from which Shivaji and Shivaji trapped inside with decided to offer resistance to Siddi’s forces. a very small force, Revington decided that this was the end of the Maratha. What, Siddi marched in great pomp to Panhala, then, was the sense in sticking to him and his thirty-thousand-strong army flooding defying the Sultan ? The Sultan could, on the region in great waves. At first he tried the other hand, offer many concessions to send troops under cover of firing from to facilitate their trade if now they helped the rear. But as the troops came within him in his hour of need. So Siddi was not range, Shivaji’s soldiers opened fire and disappointed in his anticipations and the forced them into a hasty retreat. A few deadly cannon was brought soon at the such frustrated attempts made Siddi realise Bijapur camp.Shivaji was bidding his time that it would be futile to pursue this within the fort with complacency. He knew strategy further. What was needed was a that the Bijapur forces could not approach giant cannon that would hurl its deadly the fort. But his calm was shattered one contents at the fort walls and shatter them. morning as a giant explosion like that of Such cannons were, however, found only thunder filled the air. Simultaneously, the in the possession of the foreigners.He called earth shook as the fort wall took the impact his generals to a conference and placed of the huge cannon ball. With a start he the problem before them. Fazal Khan, Afzal rose and came over to look at the cause Khan’s son, came up with a suggestion. of the disturbance. In the distance, he He argued, “The British at Rajpur could espied the huge mounted cannon, manned give us such a cannon. Shivaji no doubt by the British. “The traitors,” he muttered acquired a large territory and acquired to himself indignantly. “So they have now sufficient strength and force, but the Bijapur joined hands with Siddi. Well, these cannon Sultanate is an established State with balls can do nothing to Shvaji’s forts, and greater strength, and these foreigners who that they will soon learn,” he thought. came here to carry on business would surely see the wisdom of pledging allegiance The siege continued relentlessly for three to the stronger powers. They would surely months. Inside, Shivaji and his men were help us” intensely apprehensive. It now appeared as if he had been trapped within these Siddi agreed that there was every walls. Siddi could take his own time and possibility of their acquiring help from the break into the fort when he wanted to, British. A messenger was immediately and Shivaji would be there to be conquered! dispatched and Siddi sat back in satisfaction, awaiting the favourable reply At Poona, matters were taking a bad turn. from the British. Shaishta Khan lay siege outside Poona with VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 122 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the huge Moghul army. Jijabai grew more of Poona’s need ?” His thoughts came to a and more apprehensive as the days rolled sudden halt as though he was jerked out on and the siege of Panhala continued of a slumber. He stared at the spy and without any trace of relief. No one was at blurted out, “You… you entered this fort hand to be sent to help her son from from without. How did you pass by Siddi’s without. She became desperate and at troops unobserved ? How, indeed, did you last decided to march out herself to help enter here ?” her son. At this juncture Tanaji arrived on The spy spoke with quiet confidence. the scene. At the bidding of Jijabai he “There is a way out, Maharaj, beyond the rushed to the help of Shivaji. But of what vigilance of Siddi. It is risky, no doubt, avail could his small troop be in facing the but it would be a worthwhile risk to take.” Bijapur forces in the open ? Shivaji heard Shivaji mused a while and came to a the rattle of gun-fire in the distance and decision. Leaving 5,000 men with Triambaji saw a platoon from the Bijapur army in that Bhaskar to command the fort, he would direction. He knew Tanaji would have come try to escape to Poona. 600 men would to assist him. With a leaden heart he follow him. Siddi had to be thrown off his watched the Bijapur platoon’s return, guard. Shivaji sent a message offering to knowing that Tanaji came, and went back come to terms. The messenger, Gangadhar in the defeat. He felt utterly helpless, Pant, flattered Siddi enough about his trapped inside the fort. More than the greatness and convinced him that Shivaji worry about his own capture was the worry was miserable, trapped inside the fort, and over the state of affairs in his kingdom. would come and meet Siddi the next “What was happening in Poona ? What if evening, alone and unarmed, to discuss some other enemy chose this juncture to terms of a treaty. The Bijapur army was attack Poona ?” His mind was racked with also getting restless over the prolonged such questions. siege and was happy to learn that Shivaji Then one day there came a surprise to had at last given in. Tension relaxed. him in the form of a beggar. The beggar In the fort, preparations were silently made wished to see the Maharaj and was for the escape of the 600 men with Shivaji. ushered into his presence. And, lo ! the Nature blessed his plan and darkness beggar turned out to be a spy who enveloped the entire area as clouds hid managed to elude Siddi’s vigilant eyes and the moon. Covered in black shawls, the found his way into the fort. He brought 600 men silently trooped out and sped news of the grave situation in Poona. The away, carrying Shivaji in a palanquin. Maharaj’s presence there was essential. Shivaji’s brow darkened. So there was trouble in Poona, he sadly mused. “While he was trapped here, his own kingdom was threatened out of all security. But how could he manage to go there in this hour VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 123 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE COUNTERFEIT

IX hundred figures moved like come out unobserved through the enemy shadows as the escaping troops outposts before the darkness was dispelled Sdescended down from the fort by a by dawn ? There was no turning back secret path. The torrential rain muffled now, and they marched ahead, but a the sounds of their foot-falls and the pitch hundred questions tormented their minds. darkness of the night hid their forms. Misfortune struck as they were almost out of the danger In the fore-front was zone. A flash of the spy leading them lightening on, and Baji Prabhu revealed the brought up the rear silently moving guard, keeping one eye troops and a on Siddi’s camp. The guard stared in camp lights glimmered stunned silence, faintly through the unable to believe darkness and his own eye. occasional sounds of Next moment, merry-making floated before the out through the night surprised troops air. could pounce As they reached the upon and silence level ground at the foot him, he turned of the fort, the sounds and disappeared became louder. Now into the they were close to darkness. The Siddi’s camp. soul of fast- running hoofs The way out was now fell on the through a thicket that ears of the 600 passed through the men who waited in miserable silence. There camp itself. With bated breath and fervent was not even a moment to lose, they prayers to Bhavani, they marched through realised, and started moving fast. and came out on the other side of the camp and started on the open stretch The sounds of merry-making in Siddi’s camp before them. Forty miles from there was was broken by the thud of the galloping Visalgarh, their destination. Would they hoofs of the guard’s horse. He burst into VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 124 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Siddi’s tent, unannounced, babbling so supremely honoured.” Siddi’s tone was excitedly and incoherently. From this sarcastic. babble Siddi gathered enough information “That was Shivaji’s plan,” replied the to deal him a shocking blow. Shivaji barber. “He came to know of my wanting escaped ! Siddi raved and cursed, cursed to run away, so he offered to let me go, everyone and himself for letting the on the condition that I should ride a Maratha’s fooling to succeed again. Then palanquin. If your sentries saw it, the idea he recollected himself and ordered a troop, of Shivaji’s escaping would cause confusion commanded by his son-in-law, to pursue here. Some of your troops would disperse the escapers and capture Shivaji. to pursue the escaping people and he The silent troopers heard the hoofs in the would attack you, taking you by surprise distance. Baji Prabhu came to the palanquin and speed away to his kingdom.” of Shivaji and murmured something. Soon “So that is it,” Siddi nodded thoughtfully. a major part of the troop merged into “You insist, then, that Shivaji is still in the darkness, just as the Bijapur soldiers burst fort.” upon the remaining men and captured the palanquin. “Yes, Sir,” the barber replied. Just then the sentry who reported the escaping party In the presence of Siddi the palanquin was stepped forward. lowered and from it descended a man ; Siddi Johar stared at him. “This man “The party I saw much bigger. I don’t think cannot be Shivaji. The royal bearing that the entire party was cought up. Even associated with Shivaji is not present in now Shivaji might be speeding away,” he him,” he though, as he asked him, “Who said. Siddi Johar cursed under his breath. are you?” Was he to pursue some unknown escapers or keep vigil on the fort only ? The man replied, “My name is Shivaji.” At last he decided to accept the idea that “You fool ! Tell me the truth. You are not Shivaji was escaping. He sent his troops Shivaji. Who are you, and where is the in the direction indicated by the guard, mountain rat ?” and alerted his men to be more vigilant in The man replied, “I told you, Sir. My name the siege of the fort. is Shivaji. I am a barbar from Panhala fort. The shadowy figures moved on. Soon it The three months’ siege exhausted the would be dawn. The time on their hands provisions inside and unable to stand the was very little and they had a long way to starvation. I made a bid to escape.” go. “And you are being carried in a palanquin like a prince ? Tell me why you are being VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 125 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

A LIFE TO PROTECT A KINGDOM

HE silent feet marched on. Their you at this juncture our bid for freedom ears were turned to pick out any comes to an abrupt end. I am sure I have Tsound above the rain splashing and chosen the only course open now. Please their feet were trudging through the mud. disappear soon and when you reach Visalgarh, fire a cannon. Its boom shall let They were now four miles from Vishalgarh, me know that you are safe, and then, if nearing Gaziapur Pass in the mountains. there is still a chance I shall try to elude As they neared the pass, in the faint light the enemy and escape.” of the early dawn, Baji Prabhu turned and saw in the distant plains a huge troop He turned to the soldiers and announced. moving on towards them, galloping fast. “I am going to stay here and defend this As he turned to Shivaji and spoke, his face pass till Maharaj reaches Visalgarh in was calm and set. safety. Those who wish to stay with me, “Maharaj, I am going to tarry here with come forward.” half the men. The pass is narrow and the In unison the entire troop moved forward. path leading to it is narrow, too. Those Baji Prabhu and Shivaji exchanged glances troops cannot march into the pass through tear filled eye. Baji Prabhu took together. We will fell them as they trickle command quickly, and choosing some two through the pass.” He announced his hundred men, moved to the interior of the decision. pass and stationed himself thee. Shivaji Shivaji protested. embraced him, and with a heavy heart, eyes brimming with tears and voice choking, “But Baji Prabhu, that is inviting death upon bade a silent fare-well to his brave general yourself. Even with this narrow pass to and men and sped towards Visalgarh. your advantage, you can’t fight back thousands of men with only two hundred In a short while the thundering Bijapur soldiers. I cannot leave you to face certain troops approached the pass. The pass death and run away to safety.” was quiet, and the first few troopers entered it. Immediately their terror-stricken “I am choosing that certain death, Maharaj, voices, mingled with roars of “Har Har Maha and the men who remain with me here also Dev” rent the air. Masud, the Bijapur do so voluntarily. If I die in the effort it commander realised the situation in a flash. would be an honour, for I shall die for you, our kingdom and in obedience to Bhavani’s “A trap, is it ? There can’t be many men decree. You cannot make things better out there. Charge in. Sooner or later they by staying with me, and if the country loses will all fall, and we shall yet cross the pass and capture the Maratha,” he roared. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 126 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Like sheep to the sacrificial slab the Sultan’s THE LONG ARM men rushed into the pass, to be hacked by the merciless Maratha swords. But Baji OF JUSTICE Prabhu was becoming restless. “How long more could he hold on ? Had the Maharaja reached Visalgarh ?” Questiones flashed DENTITY, stimulation, security : Think through his brain as his sword slashed of these in terms of their opposites. about, hacking the Bijapur soldiers as they IWe shun anonymity, dread boredom rushed in. His men were falling fast. If and seek to dispel anxiety. We grasp at only that cannon’s boom came on, he could identification, yearn for stimulation, order those who remained to make a bid conserve or gain security. The extent of to escape. When would it come ? His a given need will vary from species to body was caked with blood. The pass was species, population to population, individual an ugly mass of severed bodies. Baji was to individual. wounded, and with the blood draining out, A behaviour pattern or a cultural tradition his strength was fast fading. is successful if it satisfies a maximum of Then over the air came the thunderous innate need. Human warfare has been roar of the cannon. It boomed in his ears the most successful of all our cultural and echoed through the pass. traditions because it satisfies all three basic needs. War provides glory for some “Give me an indication of your safe arrival and, in a subtle fashion, identity for all. at Visalgarh, and then if there is time and Through squads and companies and chance, I shall elude the enemy and regiments there are a thousand satisfying escape,” Baji Prabhu said to Shivaji. The pigeon holes. signal came, but it was too late. There now was neither time nor chance for the War is also most powerful stimulation ever hero who took a plunge into a suicidal produced in the history of the species. attack for his country’s sake. He gave a No philosopher, viewing the horrors of last shout to his men to try and escape warfare through astigmatic lenses, can and sank to the bosom of mother earth, grasp the attraction which war presents content in the awareness of death on the to the civilized - and territorial - man. It battle field. is the ultimate release. In all the rich catalogues of human hypocrisy it is difficult to find anything to compare with the belief that people do not like war.

The continuity of human evolution from the world of the Animal to World of Man ensures that a human group is in possession of a social territorial principle. “Patriotism” is a calculable territorial force, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 127 SHIVAJI IN STORIES which released by a predictable situation, in all possible ways ! He had Shahji arrested. will animate man in a manner no different He managed to be an obstacle in the way from other territorial species. of Shivaji merely to show Adilshah how loyal Baji was to him ! This loyalty gave him Territory is the cause of war in the sense utter satisfaction. that it takes an intruder to ferment it. But what territory promises is a very high Khavas Khan planned his strategy in such probability that if intrusion takes place, war a way that Shivaji should not know any of will follow. So also was it with Shivaji, his moves until he reached Konkan ! But whose expanding territorial activities won he was totally unaware of the fact that for him both friends and enemies, loyal every detail of his move was being reported adherents and treacherous traitors, among to Shivaji through his expert network of whom is the chronicle of one that follows. spies. It was known to Shivaji that Baji

Adilshah of Bijapur sent Khavas Khan to conquer all the parts of the country which were captured by Shivaji after defeating Ikhlas Khan. Chieftains like Siddisarvar, Shahr Hazrat and Shaikh Meeran accompanied him in this task. There were some Hindu Chieftains who were prepared to fight Shivaji. It was a sad story for India that even the step-brother of Shivaji, Venkoji - joined the enemy’s camp. Nimbalkar, Ghatge, Shirke, Jadhav etc., were the other chieftains on the side of the enemy who were eager to arrest and destroy the growing power of Shivaji Maharaj. Had they understood the great cause for which Shivaji was struggling, the course of Ghorpade stationed at Mudhol was to meet history would have been different. Shivaji’s Khavas Khan in Konkan along with a very close relatives laid hurdles in his way. regiment in order to assist him. Shivaji One of them was Rajbahadur Baji Ghorpade. decided to kill Baji Ghorpade at the outset. Actually, Baji Ghorpade belonged to the He was furious when he remembered all Bhonsle family ; but he preferred to sell his the mis-deeds of Baji Ghorpade. He was services to the Muslim rulers. He considered the same Baji who entered Shahji’s tent it his sacred duty to go against Shivaji’s along with Afzalkhan and Mustalakhan and efforts for the establishment of Swarajya treacherously wounded him. He had seen VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 128 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shahji in shackles ! The same Baji was THE WIND now thinking of attacking Shivaji Maharaj ! What courage ! Shivaji was not prepared BLOWS SILENTLY to wait and give Baji a chance to let him meet Khavas Khan. He reached Mudhol SMT. NAYANTARA DESAI immediately to put an end to Baji. Translated from the original in Marathi Baji was about to start for Konkan ! In fact, he had nearly completed the preliminary preparations. When he came HAISHTA KHAN’s name struck fear to know that he had been surrounded by in the hearts of the people in and Shivaji’s men from all sides he felt trapped. Saround Poona. Poona had been With the spreading of the news that Shivaji looted, plundered and laid waste by this had come in person, shouts like “Run, get terrible tyrant. The untold sufferings that away, Shivaji has come” were heard the people had to undergo pained Maharaj everywhere ! And before Baji could plan a deeply. In the very teeth of heavy and counter attack on Shivaji the latter had almost overwhelming opposition Shivaji reached Baji’s residence ! Baji was certainly managed to recapture Lal Mahal, Kondana, a brave and experienced soldier ! He was a sub district of Supe from the clutches of expert in handling a sword ! He drew his Shaishta Khan ! But, many valuable lives sword and started a duel with Shivaji. were lost in these expeditions and many A bitter fight ensued. Shivaji’s anger was subjects rendered homeless. Maharaj’s already kindled. Baji thwarted all the efforts concern for his people’s suffering, physical, of Shivaji by his skill in swordsmanship. He emotional and economic, could hardly be defended himself using his shield with described. He was seeking a way out of masterly strategy. this tyranny and Jija Bai understood Shivaji’s anxiety. It was the early hours of Occasionally, he tried to attack Shivaji with the morning and the sun’s rays gently his sword. Baji could not withstand Shivaji’s touched the surroundings with its golden fury. He started fleeing. Shivaji took a wand. Bells jingled as the cattle were on long hop, and with one severe blow he put their way to the pasture. Somewhere a an end to Baji’s life. lone cowherd played on his flute. It was Shivaji thus set another example of his at such a time that Jija Bai had entered extreme severity of punishment in dealing her little temple for worship. Shivaji had with traitors. invited some of his most trusted colleagues viz., Moropant, Anaji, Bahirji Naik, Hamsaji Mahite, etc., for drawing up a plan in secrecy. It was Shivaji’s practice to worship in his temple first, then pay obeisance to his mother. That day Jija Bai had waited long enough in that room and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 129 SHIVAJI IN STORIES finding that there was some delay, she sent “Son, forget your worries and come along for Shivaji. with me,” said Jija Bai as if there was no cause for concern at all. She bowed before Shivaji got up, informed his other colleagues Goddess Bhavani and left the room. and went into the room of worship. Putala Maharaj followed her. They mounted a Bai, his wife, stood at the entrance. Seeing bastion of Raigarh. Jija Bai pointed towards him she smiled and modestly stepped by. the north west and asked Shivaji, “Can The mild glow of the oil lamp, the scent of you think of a richer possession of the flowers, incense and sandal paste added Moghuls than the one that lies in that to the sanctity of the place. Shivaji knelt direction ?” and touched his fore-head to the ground in salutation of Goddess Bhavani after which “Surat !” Shivaji replied without hesitating he saluted his mother in the same manner. a single moment. “Long live, my son,” the mother offered “Son, you had better attack the city of her blessings. She got up and touched his Surat which is a veritable treasure house. eyes applying holy water which was Gather as much wealth as you can. By preserved in a decorated golden vessel. attacking Surat you will serve the double Maharaj cherished these blessings. His purpose of acquiring wealth as well as mind grew stronger when he received them. teaching Badshah a lesson for his past Once again he saluted the Linga, the wrongs,” Jija Bai elucidated her point. symbol of the great Lord Shiva, and sat down close to his mother. “Masahe, you have solved my problem and put an end to my anxiety. If I am able to “Son, though I have been noticing your build up Swarajya for our own people. The growing anxiety I have been unable to find major part of the credit will be yours,” the reason,” said Jija Bai, as she patted Shivaji said with overflowing gratitude. He him on the back lovingly. bowed down in reverence. “Masaheb, you are perfectly correct. We Jija Bai fondly embraced him and patted are faced with a financial crisis at the him on his back gently. His locked up energy moment. Our subjects have been the had been released and Shivaji was now victims of the cruelty of Shaishta Khan. ready for the great task. The very next They have looted, tortured and rendered day Maharaj invited all his important absolutely helpless. It is my duty to take colleagues and placed before them his plan care of them. for the raid on Surat. “Though we propose to collect the wealth Moropant, Anaji, Tanaji and others were by attacking the most wealthy part of the overjoyed. Preparations were afoot. They Mughal Kingdom, I am at a loss to decide had to go about it in utter secrecy. No upon the source that should be tapped. one outside the circle knew of the plan. That is why we are anxious.” As Shivaji While Shivaji was thus engaged he heard explained his difficulties, the tremor in his a very heartening piece of news ! Shah voice indicated his deep concern. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 130 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and entered Surat under the guise of a Jehan, father Aurangazeb, had died at Agra and the latter had moved northwards. band of Fakirs. Shivaji Maharaj felt greatly relieved ! Surat was indeed the richest city of the Mughals. There was a strong fort on the The rains had ended. Fields full of crops were ready to be harvested within a matter banks of the river Tapti, from which the city of Surat fanned out in all directions. of days. Trees stood erect as if to watch Aurangazeb had a military force ten the bountiful crops with satisfaction ! There were signs of satisfaction all over. thousand strong for the defence of Surat. Turks, Arabs, Dutch, English, all of them Rajgarh prepared itself to bid farewell to flocked into the city of Surat, because they its sovereign. Shivaji came to Pratapgarh along with his family. ‘Nav Ratri’ festival were given ample facilities for trade. There was a tremendous flow of goods was being celebrated. On the ninth day throughout the year, and the markets of of the festival, Goddess Tulja Bhavaji seemed to give Her silent benediction for Surat were flooded with goods and people. Multi-storeyed buildings lined the broad the proposed expedition. Maharaj was roads of Surat, palanquins built of sandal immensely pleased. The next day, i.e., Vijaya Dasami day, Maharaj summoned Balaji wood were found frequently moving through the streets, all of them indicating Naik Bahirji, who came and stood by his the prosperity of the city. That Surat was side, and said : the most favourite city of Aurangazeb was “Bahirji, you are our best spy. Our efforts obvious and it deserved to be so ! Bahirji for freedom depend on your skill. So far, entered Surat along with his band of Fakirs. we have always counted on your help. Our He was immensely pleased. He scrutinised success has depended mainly on you. Now, each corner, bungalow, and trading place. as you know, we are moving towards Surat. He scanned all the guard posts, estimated We have very little knowledge of Surat. their strength and studied their loop-holes. So, please go to Surat and gather as much Nothing escaped his eyes. Finally he information as possible. At the same time, returned to Rajgarh and saluted Maharaj. don’t forget that you will now have to cross Shivaji was very happy to see him. He Mughal territories.” took Bahirji to his Mahal. Bahirji supplied him with all the information he had “Maharaj, I am at you service. I shall start gathered. They then decided on a tomorrow,” replied Bahirji and left strategy. immediately after paying his respects. It was the beginning of the month of Next day Bahirji and a band of people came Margazhi (Agrahayan). It was the marriage to see Shivaji. Bahirji introduced his season. The whole atmosphere was filled assistants, the Ramoshis to Maharaj. with the music of Shehnais and the beat Shivaji scrutinised each one of them very of drums. Jija Bai became very active as minutely and smiled his approval. Bahirji she herself took a major part in the and his party now disguised themselves marriages of the sons and daughters of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 131 SHIVAJI IN STORIES some Mavalis. Shivaji was in a pleasant When the Mavalis reached the outskirts of mood. An auspicious day and time was Surat they were stopped by the guards. fixed for the expedition. The day dawned “Where are you going ?” asked the guard and Shivaji prepared himself to set out on commander. “We are the soldiers of the expedition. Royal musicians played Aurangazeb Badshah and are heading martial music. At such an auspicious towards Ahmedabad,” replied Bahirji. They moment, Putala Bai, wife of Shivaji applied could not afford to wait for consent or the vermillion mark on his forehead. Shivaji refusal. They marched ahead. Luckily, secured his sword and dagger to his waist. the guard was sleepy and chose to allow He applied sandal wood paste on his them to pass through. forehead and prostrated full lengthen Winter had set in. Nights were pretty cold. salutation to Goddess Bhavani. He then The Subhedar of Surat, Inayat Khan, was made his way to Jija Bai. She was sitting pulling at his hooka while he rested against with young Sambhaji on her lap. Seeing a cushion. A decanter filled with wine was Shivaji, Jija Bai stood up to receive her by his side. His eyes were red with son’s loving greetings. Shivaji touched her intoxication. The stains of music that filled feet. “May you be successful, son,” the the night air came to a sudden stop. mother blessed. Young Sambhaji eyed his Inayat Khan had to be helped to his father with wide-eyed wonder so natural residence as he was fully drunk ! to a child. The latter’s heart was filled with love. He lifted his son and tenderly The next morning the tides were high and kissed him. the waves roared as they tossed and fell. And on the other side, the Mavalis raised “Young one, I am going to Surat. Don’t their martial slogan, “Har Har Mahadev”. try to displease your grand-mother, So deafening was it that the whole of Surat otherwise she will leave you alone and run woke up in horror ! Shouts of ‘Ya Allah ! off to Pratapgarh,” Shivaji joked gleefully. Ya Khuda !’ were frequently heard all over Soon they were off to Surat. “Har Har Surat. Inayat Khan got up from his deep Mahadev”, the sound struck terror in the slumber. He came out and shouted in anger, ears of Muslims. They got frightened and “ Why are you shouting ?” came to see. One of them asked, “Who “That Maratha King Shivaji has come !” are you ? Where are you going ?” People reported trembling. Even the “We are a marriage party,” replied Bahirji English, Dutch and Arabs joined in. and said to other, “Say, ‘Har Har Mahadev’.” “Stop it. Be quiet. He is not Shiva. I am Others responded and the party went informed that a Mughal regiment is marching ahead. towards Ahmedabad to assist Mahabat Shivaji and his Mavalis moved ahead Khan,” Inayat Khan tried to pacify them. without any hindrance. They grew bolder “If he is Shiva, we will deal with him !” he as they drew closer to Surat. But, the continued. people around were obviously frightened. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 132 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The poor chaps, who went to Subhedar is found wanting in you, you will have to with some hopes, returned in pay the penalty.” disappointment blaming their luck. “Khan Sahib, I have always obeyed your Shivaji had already issued order to raid the commands. I would not dream of refusing rich localities of Surat. Meanwhile, he had anything you want. Why do you doubt me sent his ambassador to Inayat Khan. now ?” she replied. This made Inayat Inayat Khan became visibly upset. Khan all the more happy. He said, “Listen, Nevertheless, he managed to keep his face the Mughal Empire looks forward to tonight’s expressionless and read the letter which success. If it is successful, we shall be was brought in by the ambassador. highly honoured by Badshah. In turn, you will also be honoured with some title.” “Maharaj is waiting near Burhanpur border. It is your business to meet him and fix the “But, Khan Sahib, you have not told me amount of tribute. Give it all in one lump anything. You have not explained what is sum. If not, Surat will cease to be Surat. to be done tonight.” She was obviously Mind well. You will be responsible for the confused. Inayat Khan kept on looking at consequences !” So the letter said. her beautiful face for several moments. He was satisfied at her innocence. He furtively The ambassador watched the expressions looked here and there and in a hushed voice on the face of Inayat Khan while the latter told her : “Tabassum, that Shiva of was reading the letter. There was silence Marathas has come here. It is your everywhere. Inayat Khan’s restlessness responsibility to invite him. Go to his camp was obvious. But he restrained himself personally. Use all your charms and get and stroked his beard. In a subdued tone him here tonight. When he is fully drunk he spoke to the ambassador : “Why is poison his drinks. Then there will be no your king so annoyed ? We shall have a sign of Shiva left tomorrow morning !” And feast of dance and arrange music for him ! he laughed loudly. His laughter became Our court dancer will go and invite the king loud and more dangerous. Tabassum was personally ! We shall then receive your king frightened at the mere mention of the word and discuss the tribute. Convey this ‘poison’ . She was sweating all over. message of ours to your king.” The ambassador turned back and Inayat Khan Tabassum returned to her mansion. As smiled cunningly. usual, her parrot uttered the words of welcome, but she was not in a mood to Inayat Khan then sent a message to look at it. As she went to bed, she went Tabassum, the court dancer. She arrived on thinking, staring hard at the ceiling. within a short time and saluted him. Inayat Khan kept staring at her for sometime and Suddenly she shot up with a mild whistle then said, seriously, “Tabassum, you are indicating that an idea had flashed through going to the most important night of your her. She was very pleased with herself, life. The greatness of Mughal Empire and and she hummed a little tune. my destiny rest on your head. If anything VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 133 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The sun sank in the west. A reddish glow treachery ! I am to offer you poison in a tinged the western sky, while a few clouds glass of wine. That disgraceful caught up the glow of the setting sun. responsibility has been forced on me !” Her The traffic in the streets of Surat hurried face became pale. to a close. Tabassum dressed herself “You may go ahead with your plan when I exquisitely and waited for the palanquin. come to attend that concert. You will earn The palanquin came at the specified time a prize for it, perhaps even fame.” She and she set out for her destination. Within stared, and Maharaj looked at her. He what seemed a few moments, the palanquin observed the changes in her moods as stood before the tent of Maharaj. The reflected on her face. Her eyes filled guards sought Maharaj’s permission to with tears. She came forward and bent enter. Maharaj asked the guards to send before him so that tears from her eyes the guest in. Tabassum walked into the dropped on the feet of Shivaji. “Raja Saheb, tent of Maharaj, paid her respects and held please do not doubt me. My father turned a tray covered with Muslin before Maharaj, traitor. I am innocent for all that. Please standing at some distance. Shivaji looked do not make me more unhappy by at her very closely and, then, in a very disbelieving me,” she said. Her charming low voice told her to take a seat. But she face turned pale. Tears ran down her continued to stand. cheeks. But, Shivaji was more surprised “Maharaj, unless you accept this present I by what she said. He could not understand shall not be able to sit, “ said Tabassum. why this Muslim girl had warned him. There Shivaji admired her and removed the cloth must be something more than meets the over the silver tray. There were a garland eye. Maharaj stared at her face as if to of diamonds and a chain of pearls in the know more about her. She proceeded : tray. Maharaj took the first in his hand “Raja Saheb, not a word of what I said is but returned it to the tray. He remembered untrue ! I may bee wearing a Muslim gown, his daughter, Sakhu Bai when he looked at but I am a Hindu. My mind is Hindu. I tell her grace and charm. He kept on gazing you this only to protect your life.” Once at her for sometime. She sat with extreme again her eyes filled with tears. modesty. “I can’t understand what you are saying “Maharaj, I am a singer and a dancer at ?” Maharaj wondered. Inayat Khan’s court. The Khan has sent “Raja Saheb, I am the daughter of a me to invite you as his guest for the Maratha general who left the Marathas and programme tonight,” spoke Tabassum softly joined the Mughals. He later on deceived and kept still for a moment. She stared at the Mughals, as well. Our house was burnt. Maharaj in an attempt to understand his My mother was killed. I had been brought expressions. But Shivaji’s face was blank. up by an old Muslim music teacher. She looked around and said, “Maharaj, the Therefore, I had to accept this profession concert to be held tonight is not meant to in which capacity I am asked to offer you be an entertainment. It is for deceit, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 134 SHIVAJI IN STORIES poison ! Raja Sahib, it is my desire to to listen to her parrot. Time was short wash off the sin of my father, by doing my and she had to get ready for the night’s bit to keep you, the supporter of lakhs of programme. people, alive. I have disclosed everything An elegant Shamiana was raised to greet to you. Please believe me.” Saying this Shivaji. The pillars were beautifully carved, she again fell at his feet. with rich rose brocades braiding it. Thin Shivaji’s eyes took on a faraway expression Muslin curtains sealed off one passage. Rich and he saw a treacherous person standing Kashmir tapestry covered the mattresses before his eyes. He was Khandoji Khopde and cushions. The Shamiana was ! Once again he looked at her and asked, decorated brilliantly with diamonds, pearls “What is the name of your father ?” and rubies. Fragrance of various perfumes filled the air. A richly decorated carpet “Khandoji Khopde,” she replied. was spread with two cushions on either Suddenly, Maharaj’s feelings were stirred side. The platform was richly carved. to the depths. He patted her on the back. Tabassum took her seat at the appointed He looked upon her as his own daughter. time. She was a young girl of about With great admiration he said, “Really, my eighteen. She was clad in a rose-coloured daughter, you are a brave girl. Your father gown, and wore a chain of pearls with deceived us. And you, his daughter, are matching ear-rings. She was the very trying to risk your life in order to save mine. personification of beauty and grace. Brave girl, I am proud of you.” He removed Musicians took up their instruments and the garland of pearls around his neck and Tabassum was attracted by some gifted it to her. Tabassum looked at him in movement at the entrance. Inayat Khan wonder. She had been standing. Now she respectfully ushered Shivaji inside. He quietly bent and once more touched his indicated a seat for Maharaj. Both of them feet. He told her, “Dear girl, get up now, looked happy. Maharaj sat along with it is getting late. Go to your mansion.” Inayat Khan. Other guests, including some “Maharaj, I shall bring a glass of wine before Dutch, English and Arabian traders also sat you during the night. But you should not at their respective seats. Maharaj was touch it. This is my sincere wish. I have the cynosure of all eyes. He looked to do all this due to my helpless position. handsome, in superbly tailored, snow-white Please forgive me !” Tabassum said. gown and head dress with a plume of pearls “My child, tell Khan Sahib that I do not above it. He wore ear-rings, also of pearls. drink. I am really pleased with you. Tabassum prepared herself for the concert ‘Tabassum’ means smile ! I met you and I and took her seat. The audience was am sure that I shall leave this place with a served with essence and roses. Rose-water smile. It is all the grace of the Lord.” was lavishly sprinkled all over. Tanpuras Tabassum sat in her palanquin and reached struck the opening notes followed by the her mansion. This time, she did not forget tabla. Tabassum looked around with a slight VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 135 SHIVAJI IN STORIES smile. She prayed silently and began the “Khan Sahib, I am really very happy,” recital with Raag Abhogi Kanada. The night exclaimed Maharaj. passed, as the melodious voice spread an “Raja Sahib, your happiness means much atmosphere of serenity. Maharaj to our city of Surat. I believe ! Raja appreciated the song. “Wah ! Wah !” he Sahib, my ambassador will come to you for said and appreciatively nodded. Tabassum talks. Let me take your leave now,” said was delighted and cherished the praises in the Khan. her heart. Then she switched over to Rag Jogia which produced a different effect on Maharaj looked around, bade him good bye the audience as they started swinging their and mounted on “Sulakshani” his mare. heads to the tune. Shivaji thoroughly Kudtoji Gujar, Moropant, Bahirji Naik, Hansaji enjoyed the quality of music she presented Mohite, all followed him. Maharaj came to and responded appropriately. But Inayat his camp, went round the camp and Khan grew restless. He glanced at entered his own tent. Then he opened a Tabassum immediately after she completed box in which a Shiva Linga was kept. He the recital. Without waiting for a moment, placed it on his own bed and worshipped she got up from her seat and brought two it. He then moved out rather impatiently. glasses exquisitely fashioned and full of Bahirji ran towards him. He saluted Maharaj wine. She handed them to Maharaj and and stood close to him. Inayat Khan respectively and rushed to her “What is the news, Bahirji ?” asked seat. Shivaji kept the glass down in the Maharaj. tray. Inayat Khan looked at him wonder. “Our vessels will reach the port today. We “Khan Sahib, you may help yourself with must plunder Surat today itself and fill them pleasure ! I am on fast today !” Maharaj with the wealth.” So spoke Bahirji. said with a sweet voice. “At least taste Maharaj went into peals of laughter. these fruits,” Inayat Khan requested in a coaxing voice. Maharaj smiled a bit and It was morning. There was a traffic jam in said, “I am sorry, Khan Sahib, I do not eat the streets. Of course, the raid was in or drink anything on my days of fasting. progress. The vessels from foreign Please excuse me !” Once again Maharaj countries were told to leave the port. The explained in the same sweet tone. Inayat people of Surat were in a state of tension. Khan grew impatient. The night was There was satisfaction in Shivaji’s camp. passing along with the sweet music of Suddenly a young Muslim youth entered Tabassum. She was now singing a Thumri, the camp. Arrogance was writ large on a favourite refrain of separated lovers and his countenance. The guard was about to it held the entire audience spell-bound. put an end to his life but Moropant came forward and took the youth to Shivaji. He The concert was over. Betel leaf was saluted Maharaj and stared at him. He presented to Maharaj as a mark of respect. said, “Raja Sahib, I have come here as an Inayat Khan walked along with him. ambassador of Inayat Khan.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 136 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Read this letter, Pant,” Shivaji told on Maharaj. A Ramoshi guard did not wait Moropant who stood close by. Moropant for a minute. The assassin was immediately went on reading : “Raja Sahib, our Badshah put to an end. The news of the attempt will never forgive you. Mind you, and return on Shivaji’s life spread like wild fire all the wealth that you have looted throughout the Maratha camp. The immediately. Quit Surat. If you do this, Marathas were furious. They killed all the you will get the tribute. Otherwise, you Muslim captives in their camp. Even though shall have to face Inayat Khan who will Maharaj himself tried to maintain calm, take it back by force !” Marathas were not prepared to listen to him. Maharaj knew pretty well that it was Moropant read the letter. The so-called very difficult to control the Marathas. He ambassador kept staring at Maharaj with ordered his general, “General continue the blood-shot eyes. Maharaj could not raid. Don’t hesitate to lay your hands on tolerate the text of the letter and said with fury, “Look here, young man, I am not a woman to be frightened of fighting. We are ready to face the consequences. Go and inform your Khan Sahib.” Maharaj got up from his seat and stepped forward. The ambassador also went ahead and said, “Raja Sahib, there is no need to be angry ! I wish to talk to you, but it has to be done in private.” Said the ambassador with a glint of evil in his eyes. gold, silver, ornaments, diamonds, whatever “All right,” Said Maharaj and kept walking. you get, deposit it in treasury. On no Moropant and others understood what condition should harm befall the poor Shivaji wanted. So they followed him at people. Do not touch the ladies.” a respectable distance. Surat was in ruins. The booty was Suddenly, the so-called ambassador who enormous. The treasure was taken to the also followed Maharaj took out a dagger camp. Under the supervision of Moropant, and raised his hand to attack Maharaj. But, the costly items were securely packed. the offending hand was removed in its very Shivaji looked at it with satisfaction. He attempt by one stroke from the blade of thought about the various ways of making Bahirji’s sword. The ambassador collapsed use of the treasure. Suddenly his eyes VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 137 SHIVAJI IN STORIES fell on the jingling anklets used by dancers. to my mother. My son, Shambhu, will also It was made of silver and studded with enjoy your songs. The air will be filled costly diamonds. He remembered Tabassum with the sound of your jingling anklets.” immediately. He took it in his hand and Maharaj looked glad. said, “Pant, debit this pair of anklets to my personal account.” Shivaji laughed merrily. The rest followed suit. Tabassum (Tulasi) also joined in. Ships were getting loaded with wealth. Suddenly, Maharaj seemed to recollect Guards were posted to protect them. Ships something. He said, “Pant, do you set out on their voyage towards Maratha remember that there is a bastion behind ports. The streets wore a look of utter the summit Padmavati on our fort of Raigarh desolation. The city, once proud of its ? Let the bastion be known as Tulasi wealth, was now in ruins. It was getting bastion henceforth.” darker and darker. Maharaj stood outside the camp and watched the frail figure of a “Your order, Maharaj,” Pant obediently girl drawing near. Maharaj recognised her. looked at Maharaj. So did Tabassum. Early “Tabassum, I had just now remembered next morning, Maharaj began his return you. I offer you this pair of anklets, for journey to the accompaniment of music. what you have done. I feel proud to honour Mavalis accompanied him. A young ‘boy’ you in this way.” of about eighteen followed Maharaj on a horseback just behind him. Maharaj bade Maharaj took them out and gave them to farewell to Surat and set out for Rajgarh. her. She touched her head with them, bent submissively and touched his feet. She started weeping.

“Maharaj, please make use of this property, which you have offered me, for the sake of your kingdom. I request only one thing of you, please give me refuge. I do not wish to remain here even for a moment. Relieve me from this hell. Please, Maharaj.” She pleaded in all helpless.

Maharaj lifted her up and told Moropant, “Pant, I am going to change the name of this girl. Please suggest a suitable name for her.”

“Tulasi,” Pant looked at her and suggested. She looked down. “It’s really a fine name. Tulsi, come along with us. I charge you with the responsibility of singing bhajans VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 138 SHIVAJI IN STORIES LEST SOMEONE SHOULD TAKE ADVANTAGE OF YOU

tribute worth Rupees One crore, and we HERE was chaos in the City of shall return without doing any harm to your Surat. The streets were full of men and materials. We shall not even enter people running away to save their T the City of Surat.” lives. Women and children ran leaving their houses open. Occasionally a Moghul Maharaj was demanding a tribute. He had horseman sped past on his horse. People informed the commander-in-chief in very stepped aside to avoid the hoofs of the clear terms. He said, “You give us the horses. Children cried in bewildered tribute. We are demanding it. Your confusion. Rich men, while trying to escape commander, Shaishta Kha,, looted Poona in palanquin, were shouting to get the way and the surrounding areas continuously cleared, ordering the palanquin-bearers to for three years, that has cost us crores of hurry up. rupees. He destroyed villages, plundered and ruined them. We are demanding only Whatever wealth they could take along, a part of that compensation. We know the people carried while escaping along with that you are a big Subhedar of the Mughals. their families. Everyone was frantically It is not at all difficult for you to give us trying to leave Surat. The air was thick just a crore of rupees. There are so many with rumours. Through all the din only one businessmen in Surat having plenty of refrain was audible : money. Just one among them - anyone - “Shivaji has come ! Shivaji has come !” could give us this paltry amount of one crore. If you do not meet our demand, The Mughal commander-in-chief at Surat, necessary action will have to be taken to Inayat Khan, was so frightened that he get what we ask for.” ran to take refuge in the Fort of Surat along with his one thousand Mughal Inayat Khan himself was a very rich man cavaliers. The Fort of Surat was situated who had acquired riches by fraudulent within the City itself. They were trying to means. He flatly refused to pay the tribute enter the gate of the fort. Instead of to Shivaji. He not only refused to pay any protecting the city, the commander-in-chief tribute but like a coward avoided a direct was trying to hide himself ! Shivaji had confrontation with Shivaji. There was advanced towards Surat but he was still neither honesty nor courage in this man to away from the city. Five thousand cavalry entitle him to any respect. men of the Marathas surrounded the city Shivaji at last gave his orders. Maratha waiting for his final order. Maharaj had cavalry entered Surat. Bahirji Naik was sent word of stipulation through his ahead of them all. Big businessmen were ambassador to Inayat Khan : “Give us a VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 139 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the first targets of the attack. Along with soldiers raiding the city. There was no the thumping of horse hoofs, desperate one to comfort her for a moment. cries were heard from all sides. Weeping, She gathered her children together and held shouting, wailing - all these filled the air in them in a close embrace. She decided to the City of Surat. face any consequence. She looked again She was all alone in the huge bungalow. and again at the portrait of Lord Jesus and She sat with all her children nesting close wept silently. to her, seeking the protective warmth of Now the sound of hoofs was getting closer her physical presence. They were all so and closer. Her heart throbbed violently. frightened. The building was beautiful and She looked up. The horses were spacious. There were huge mirrors, approaching. She stared out of the house cupboards, chandeliers, costly apparel, rich and she saw about ten horsemen. They utensils, curtains and many such luxury were all armed with naked swords. Now items ! The drawing room was decorated she was sure that death was at hand. The exclusively in Western style. Among the horsemen were certainly coming to her many photos that adorned the walls was a bungalow. She could see everything clearly huge portrait of the crucified Christ. The around her. Her children clung to her ever lady’s fair complexion indicated that she more closely. She sobbed aloud and closed hailed from the West. She was actually her eyes. The horsemen had stopped near from Holland. Her husband was a very rich her bungalow. The sound of hoofs ceased. man. He earned enormous wealth in She imagined her head severed from her business and he spent a lot for the poor body by the sword of one of the horsemen. people of Surat. He was very kind and A minute passed……. Then two.. three.. popular as a philanthropist. He died at four.. six.. ten.. twenty-five! But nothing Surat leaving behind his wife and children happened. She did not hear anything. The to live in that palatial building. suspense added to her anxiety. It seemed When Shivaji invaded Surat, there was she had nothing to do but await death. much hue and cry. The whole of Surat But nothing happened. She gathered was overcome with fear. All the people strength and opened her eyes and looked were frightened, and most of them left the around. The Maratha horsemen were city for safer regions. Many crossed the standing near the gate of her courtyard. river Tapti. But, how could that widow She wondered what they were up to. who had come from a foreign country Mustering sufficient courage, she got up escape, with her small children ? How could slowly from her seat and walked up to the she abandon the wealth ? She did not door. The horsemen were out there know what to do ! Her bungalow was in standing still. Somehow, she moved Surat, but it was on the outskirts. In utter towards them. But they seemed to have consternation she imagined all sorts of nothing to do with her. She wiped her things - that her house would be set on tears and asked them in broken Hindustani, fire, her children killed by the merciless “Why do you stay outside ? I thought you VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 140 SHIVAJI IN STORIES were going to loot my house, set it on fire THE CRESCENDO and kill me !” Extract from The Rise The Maratha horsemen heard her words. and Fall of the Maratha They smiled under their moustaches. In Empire by R.V.NADARNI their rough, Maratha-styled Hindustani they replied : “Madam, it will not happen. We know that there is great wealth in this house but there is no male member here. The Lull You are a lonely lady with little children. Our Maharaj knows this. That is why he HIVAJI the Great was, in this has sent us to guard this house lest way, fast approaching the first someone should take undue advantage of Scrisis of his career. The reason why your loneliness and destroy your things.” the Bijapur authorities had so helplessly looked on, while Shivaji’s power was ever “What did you say? Is it true that you on the increase was to be found in the have been sent by Shivaji?” asked the internal quarrels that broke out at the lady eagerly. capital between the different factions after Mahomed Adil Shah’s death in 1656 and “Yes, Madam, don’t be afraid. Nobody will the Mughal policy of aggression which was touch you or your property. We are the being pursued at this time against both servants of Shivaji.” Bijapur and Golkonda, under Prince She was struck by the nobility of Shivaji’s Aurangzeb, now Viceroy of the Deccan for nature, and happiness, gratitude, and the second time. Soon after came the respect filled her bosom. Her lips trembled news that Shah Jehan was seriously ill and and her eyes filled with grateful tears. She Aurangzeb had to withdraw the Imperial ran back to her children and held them army and march to Delhi to fight Dara. closer, reassuring them as the benevolent The Swoop on Junnar figure of the Saviour smiled on them from its eminence, shedding His light and grace. and Ahmednagar

When Aurangzeb invaded Bijapur, Shivaji the Great with his usual astuteness offered to acknowledge him overlord of the Deccan and asked to be confirmed in his possessions which, he represented, he had seized on account of their mismanagement by the Bijapur State. Each equally wanted to take advantage of the other against their common enemy, Bijapur. As soon, however, as the Mughal army was withdrawn, Shivaji the Great suddenly VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 141 SHIVAJI IN STORIES raided Junnar and Ahmednagar and vultures gorged their fill. Seldom has a captured a big treasure. He carried away large force been so completely and a thousand good cavalry mounts which dramatically destroyed with so little loss were at once utilised in raising his cavalry to the attacking party. In the Maratha under the control of Netaji Palkar. On the camp, songs, feasting, and rejoicing return of Aurangzeb he again sent an resounded all night. Silver and golden embassy asking for pardon for the past necklaces, robes of honour, and presents raids and suggesting that he would hold of money were given to those who had Konkan in fief to Delhi to fight Dara. distinguished themselves in the fight or had received wounds and to the relatives of The immense Spoil the fallen. The spoil was immense. This Having recovered from Aurangzeb’s recent rout of the Bijapur army and the attack, the Bijapur Government resolved capitulation of war with Kamalgad and by one supreme effort to settle their other forts under its charge completed the account with Shivaji the Great who had breakdown of the power of Bijapur in the defied them for so many years. During the central Deccan and increased monsoon of 1659 preparations were pushed correspondingly the prestige of the great forward at Bijapur with feverish activity, Shivaji. and a formidable army fully equipped was Shivaji Takes the Offensive launched against the rebel under Afzal Khan, an experienced soldier and a man After the defeat of Afzal Khan’s army, known for personal strength and courage. Shivaji the Great decided to take the On his part, the Great captain too was not offensive and teach his enemies a lesson idle. More Trimbak Pingle, a young Brahmin that would not be easily forgotten. He officer, Had been ordered to fortify the possessed now a well organised army which famous Par Pass of Javli and thus secure it was more than a match for any force that at any cost and More Pingle did his work may be sent against it. If he remained well, finishing the same in 1656. Suffice it inactive, that would surely invite perhaps to say that the crisis called forth all the a stronger expedition against him. On the resourcefulness, all the daring and courage, other hand the advantage of a treaty could all the skill and mastery of details, all the be secured without any difficulty by cunning and foresight of the heroic soul, marching straight upon Bijapur while yet Shivaji the indomitable, in making his plans the city was panic-stricken. He could at to face this terrible menace. In war, least, get himself confirmed in his late annihilation of the enemy forces is the conquests. He, therefore, laid his plans objective, not the winning and keeping of with great speed and secrecy and made provinces. So well did this “born strategist” up his mind to carry the war into the understand this principle and so thoroughly enemy’s country. did he draw his net that the entire He made his dispositions with a strategically magnificent army was before long levelled skill worthy of a great military leader. He to the dust. “That day the Deckhan VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 142 SHIVAJI IN STORIES kept one army to guard the Poona district, to give up the fort the next day, and he detached another to counter any flanking consequently when the vigilance was movement from the Sawants of Sawant relaxed, that same night he slipped with a Wadi or the Siddi of janjira, both of whom few followers under cover of rain and had, on the approach of Afzal Khan, darkness through their outposts. The bird renounced their allegiance to him ; he had flown. Furious at being thus deceived, himself marched southwards at the head the Bijapur cavalry under Fazal Mahomed of a third. On reaching Kolhapur district, Khan (Afzal Khan’s son) was sent in hot he seized the great fortress of Panhala, pursuit. The Marathas were caught up the key to the southern Maratha country. some six miles from Vishalgad, where they Vishalgad, Rangana, and Pavangad were would be safe, once they got within its then taken. A tardy attempt of Rustum walls. It was on this occasion when the Zaman to oppose the advance of the devoted Baji Prabhu, the Marshal Ney of Marathas was beaten back and his small Shivaji the Great, was fighting a rear guard cavalry force was driven in headlong action to stop the enemy from pursuing confusion across Krishna. The Marathas the main body under the Great King himself followed up their initial success by that a second Thermopylae was enacted. advancing up to the gates of Bijapur, Three bloody assaults were delivered on plundering as they went and rapidly the rear-guard but all of them were beaten retreating with their booty. off ; the heroic Baji Prabhu with 700 of his gallant followers fell but not before his Siddi and the Second Thermopylae master reached Vishalgad in safety. When the Bijapur government recovered The True Son from the effects of the first shock of the sudden Maratha raid, they sent a large army His first blow was delivered against Mudhol under a famous Abyssinian general, Siddi for past wrongs. He had not forgotten Johar. Unable to face such a force in the what his father wrote to him thirteen years open field, Shivaji the Great left Netaji before, “If you be a true son of mine punish palkar with his cavalry division to harass Baji Ghorpade.” Creeping like a tiger for its the enemy in the open country and himself prey he rushed to Mudhol at dawn and fell back on Panhala. neither man, woman, nor child was spared. He fired the town after him and with Netaji Palkar, even though successful in lightning speed retreated to Vishalgad. the beginning, was driven back by the Internecine feuds paralysed the action of exasperated Bijapuris. During the whole the Bijapur court. Suspected by the King, rainy season of 1660 he was shut up in Siddi Joher was driven to rebellion. Thus the fort and was forced to make his choice in the hour of need Bijapur lost the services between surrendering the fort or tricking of a good general. Sawant Wadi was the enemy once again. He decided to try conquered by Shivaji and trouble began to the second course. Negotiations were brew again in Karnatic. Shivaji the Great opened with Siddi, at which he pretended VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 143 SHIVAJI IN STORIES at this time brought the Portuguese to their masterful personality of the Hero of the knees and forced an alliance on them. Deccan or his doughty companions and the patriotic spirit that animated them. Early Raigad in 1663 the whole force moved in the With his unfailing intuition he realised the direction of Poona without any premotion importance of a navy and formed the of the coming misfortunes. The Marathas nucleus of a fleet with which he plundered followed their guerilla tactics, hanging on the trading vessels bound for Janjira and its flanks, plundering the baggage and other ports of Bijapur. These events cutting off stragglers. They also destroyed induced the Bijapur court to come to terms the grain and fodder in the country round with him. Shivaji the Great was Poona and Chakan, thus removing all traces acknowledged as the ruler of the Deccan of human habitation. as far south as Kolhapur and of the Konkan Firangoji Narsala as far as Goa, a territory some hundred and fifty miles in length and from fifty to a Harassed and weary, the Imperial army hundred miles in breadth. Recognising the reached Poona and occupied it. It was importance of his Konkan kingdom the king their intention to rest here for the rainy decided about this time make Raigad his season and then begin the campaign in capital. Raigad was not so suitable. right earnest. But the ardour of the Hereafter his troops deposited at this more Imperialists was damped at the very outset convenient place their booty after their by the determined resistance that was raids on Surat, Ahmed Nagar, and other offered by the brave little garrison of the towns. The capital took several years to small fort of Chakan. For nearly three build but the main defences were months the besiegers were unable to take completed by 1664. the fort in spite of their superior strength and even when for want of reinforcements The Hero of Deccan and his Doughty the town surrendered at discretion, it was Companions not until brave killedar. Firangoji Narsala, During the cold season of 1662 the great who had excited the sincere admiration of cavalry leader Netaji Palkar pillaged the Shaishta Khan by his dogged resistance, Mughal territory up to the very walls of was pressed to enter the Imperial service Aurangabad spreading terror all around the on high pay. But Firangoji remained true taking vast quantities of plunder. It was to the cause of his master and was allowed clear that the troops on the spot could to go back to Shivaji with his army. This not cope with the Marathas and the gave the chagrined Shaishta Khan some Emperor furious at this open defiance of idea as to what the reduction of other his authority, sent his uncle Shaishta Khan, Maratha strongholds meant to him. But with an immense army to teach Shivaji the worse was to follow. Great a lesson. Aurangzeb did not have a proper appreciation of the situation. Evidently he had not reckoned with the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 144 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The Prowler at Night as an incarnation of Satan against whose entrance no place was considered to be A mighty blow was delivered at the Moghuls proof, rose very high. The whole country - “a blow whose cleverness of design, talked of the superhuman feat with neatness of execution and completeness astonishment and terror, while at the of success”, Sarkar says, “created in the Imperial court there was bitter humiliation Mughal court and camp as much terror of and sorrow at the disaster to the “premier his prowess as his coup against Afzal Khan peer” of the empire and maternal uncle of had done among the Bijapuris.” In spite of the emperor. The dispirited Shaishta Khan the great precaution taken by him, Shivaji was recalled and as a mark of Aurangzeb’s the Great found means to evade his displeasure was transferred to the penal regulations and a surprise night attack on province of Bengal without being allowed Lal Mahal (Shaishta Khan’s Poona residence even to see the emperor on his way to his for the time being) was planned from his new charge. Prince Muazzam was sent to retreat at Sinhagad and was executed with relieve him and the Khan left Deccan for great daring. The panic-stricken general good in the middle of January 1664.

Everywhere and for

Every Emergency

Raja Jaswant Singh remained as the Prince’s deputy, though he was suspected of corruption and treason. Shivaji the Great, however, continued as successful as ever. “he assaulted the foe on dark nights, seized difficult passes and fired jungles full of trees.” He struck coins in defiance of the Mughal supremacy. His navy seized parts on the coast of Gujarat and to the horror of the devout emperor cut off pilgrim escaped only by leaping out of a window, up to ransom. Ahmednagar was plundered but not before a Maratha slashed at his and even Surat was raided early in 1664. hand on the window sill and cut off three As one of the English factors wrote, “He of his fingers. Wild was the joy of the seemed to be everywhere and prepared Marathas when their beloved King returned for every emergency.” safe to his stronghold. At dawn a party of The Sack of Surat Muslim cavalry which, in hopes of intercepting the attackers, ventured too The sack of Surat was a feat of even near Raigad, was routed with great loss greater audacity than that Shivaji the Great by means of the fire of a concealed battery. ever displayed before. Only nine days This was even worse. Shivaji’s prestige before Shivaji was in the neighbourhood of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 145 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Bassein but making a forced march by a But money was his real object and not roundabout route, he travelled with such cruelty to the citizens and this secured to rapidity and secrecy that he arrived at his heart’s content, he retreated by rapid Surat at eleven o’clock in the morning of marches to Konkan. Thus did the master Wednesday, the 6th of January, 1664, and strategist make Aurangzeb pay dearly for pitched his tent in a garden just outside Shaishta Khan’s seizure of Poona. the eastern gate. The night before, the Shivaji the Great then sailed to the Konkan Raja had sent messengers with a letter and ravaged the coast towns, exacting directing the governor and three of the from the English factory at Karwar an most prominent merchants to come to him indemnity of one hundred and twelve personally and settle the terms or the whole pounds.

Diler Khan and Jai Singh

Gradually the Mughals now led by Diler Khan and Jai Singh, two of the ablest captains, began to prevail. The veteran Jai Singh did not enter upon his task with a light heart but made his preparations with such thoroughness and farsightedness that not even the minutest detail was neglected. He opened the campaign with vigour and the siege of Purandhar was pressed on with determination. Purandhar was now town would be pillaged and burnt. As no doomed, invested as it was by a force answer was given to his demand, the which was at least ten times that of the Maratha horsemen immediately on their garrison and which was led by Diler Khan arrival entered the deserted city and made with dogged determination. During the good their threat. Thousands of houses incessant fighting which lasted for two were burnt and two thirds of the town was months, the Maratha ranks were thinned destroyed. The looting was carried on for considerably. Early in the siege they also four full days and nights and yielded about lost their gallant captain Murar Baji Prabhu, a crore of rupees. The Marathas “scorned who attempted to reach Diler Khan by to carry away anything but gold, silver, climbing the hill, by making a sortie with pearls, diamonds and such precious ware.” 700 selected men. In the severe hand- On reaching Surat Shivaji the Great publicly to-hand fight, the Mavalis slew more than announced that he had not come to do 700 Pathans and Murar Baji indeed any personal injury to the English or other succeeded in facing Diler. The Khan, moved merchants but to take revenge on by his matchless courage called upon him Aurangzeb for having invaded his country. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 146 SHIVAJI IN STORIES to desist and promised him his fief and a Shivaji the Great extricated himself from high post under him. But Murar indignantly the dangerous situation by a masterly spurned the offer and was on the point of stroke which for its deep insight into human striking at Diler when the latter shot him character and knowledge of human down with an arrow. Thus died another of weakness has scarcely been equalled. Shivaji’s trusted lieutenants, who never Where did the great king learn his principles thought any sacrifice too great for the of psychology, we wonder ! He and his cause of independence. Three hundred Mavalis fell with their worthy captain and the rest retreated to the fort, undismayed by their leader’s fall and saying, “What though one man, Murar Baji, is dead ? We are as brave as he and we shall fight with the same courage !” The miserable remnant of the garrison continued the unequal contest but at last the advantage of sheer numbers began to tell son Sambhaji escaped in sweet baskets and Shivaji the Great found himself forced one day and rode for their lives to Madura. to rely upon diplomacy rather than upon Here he was met by the faithful Tanaji and the doubtful chances of a protracted war after hair-breadth escapes and following in which he stood to gain nothing and to circuitous routes to evade his pursuers, lose everything. he returned to Raigad in the guise of a Bairagi, to the great relief of his anxious The Ordeal at Agra mother and his devoted subjects. He saw that it was necessary for him to lie The news of the king’s romantic escape low for the time being and trust to future and safe return spread like wild fire all over events for the fulfillment of his cherished the country and great indeed were the ambition. Out of his 32 forts in Deccan 20 rejoicings of the Marathas on that day. were to be surrendered, and he was to assume the position of a Munsabadar of In his absence all had not gone well. The the Mughal Emperor. On these terms truce Mughal garrisons occupied Sinhgad and was made. The campaign against the Purandar and thus by their commanding Mughals was thus a failure ; the great position held the districts of Poona, Supe Shivaji had yet to go through another and Chakan, the three districts which he ordeal in which his very life was at stake, now possessed in Deccan, under - his important ordeal at Agra. subjection. In Konkan the Marathas had VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 147 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Raigad and Kalyan districts together with Marathas were on the point of falling back such of the ceded forts which the able on their ladders but Suryaji taunted them More Pingale had managed to re-occupy as cowards and cut off the ropes. Stung after he was appointed regent during the to the quick by the taunt, the Marathas king’s absence. From 1667 to 1669 Shivaji rallied and raising their battle cry of ‘Har the Great was occupied with civil and Har Mahadev’, charged furiously and at last political reforms except the annual raid on the fort was won. The garrison consisting Janjira which was every time unsuccessful. of 1,000 Muslims and Rajputs were either killed in the action or taken prisoner. “Tanaji Malusare had died, as every right-minded Ready to Take the Field man would wish to die, with his face to the foe, in one of the most gallant and In 1670 he was ready to take the field desperate feats of arms of an age again having consolidated whatever of his abounding in desperate deeds. Not a great former kingdom was now left to him. He leader like More Pingale or Netaji Palkar, he opened the offensive with great vigour and was an honest and devoted soldier,” such had immediate success. Judging rightly is the verdict of Mr.Rawlinson. One of the that Aurangzeb would not send any great Shivaji’s earliest friends, Tanaji had reinforcements to Prince Muazzam or Jai been with his revered comrade-in-arms Singh owing to jealousy of the one and and leader through thick and thin. When suspicions of the other, he first of all took Shivaji heard of his loss, he was grieved in hand the work of re-capturing the hill deeply as if his right hand was cut off. forts. Sinhgad, commanding as it did, the Poona district and also because Queen Jija One by one, the other forts held by the Bai considered it a disgrace to allow the Mughals were soon afterwards re- Muslims to be in possession of it, was the captured, though in many cases the first to be re-taken. This rather dangerous garrisons offered desperate resistance. undertaking could be seen through only Considering that Prince Muazzam did not with devotion and self-sacrifice of Tanaji receive the much-needed reinforcements Malusare and his brother Suryaji. from Delhi and having regard to the internal quarrels among the Imperialists, it is no Died with his Face to the Foe wonder that the Marathas succeeded so Tanaji the brave left with 1,000 picked men completely in so short a time. and as Shivaji afterwards lamented, the fort was captured but the lion was lost. When three hundred men succeeded escalading the walls at an obscure spot, Tanaji sounded the advance but in the mortal combat that followed, both Tanaji and Udai Bhanu, the redoubtable Rajput commander of the fort, fell. The leaderless VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 148 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE TINY MIGHT

LION was caught ! Yes, the his tools. He made his bed, fanned him lion was caught ! Maharaj was and at times even massaged his feet. This Adeceived ! He was caught in a net was the self-assigned job of madari. ! Mirza Raja Jai Singh had promised Shivaji Madari had become almost a mother to him that he would be well looked after at Agra ! So well did he take care of his master. and shall return safely. Not even a hair on Maharaj was engrossed in his own his would be harmed. He promised that thoughts. The one problem that worried there would be no foul play ! him was how to free himself from the Maharaj relied on that promise and went clutches of Aurangzeb ? Could he escape to Agra. But Aurangzeb did not bother at all ? Or, was he going to die in this about the promise and arrested Shivaji dungeon ? Thus he sat immersed in thought Maharaj. Fulad Khan’s regiment surrounded all the time as the days slipped by without Maharaj There was no chance of escape. much hope. To try to escape was no better than On a certain day Maharaj got a bright idea embracing death ! Maharaj understood it ! If escape was possible it should be in a well. He was completely helpless ! He big bamboo basket ! It was a brilliant idea. had been deceived ! He was over eight hundred miles away in the very fortress of Maharaj started dwelling on the same his foes, along with a handful of his trusted thought till it possessed him. What was friends, the commanders of his army. to be done ? How was it to be done ? Shivaji was trapped along with his nine- Who should do what and at what time and year-old son, Sambhaji. place ? All the details were being worked out in his mind. The very idea of escape The colleagues who accompanied him were in this way spelt risk. Once caught, the most trustworthy and possessed rare dire disaster that awaited him was courage. They loved Maharaj. Many of unthinkable. If he succeeded, the whole them were very young ; some of them were world would acclaim that as a feat. Bards of middle age ; only one of them was an would sing his praise. If he failed ? Well adolescent. His name was Madari and ……. Mehtar was his surname. He was a Muslim, who was loyal to Maharaj. He looked upon Shivaji, however, decided to cast the dice Maharaj as his father and Maharaj with calculated caution and meticulous reciprocated his affection. planning. He uttered the name of Goddess Bhavani and set out to execute his first Madari looked after the needs of Shivaji move. He explained his plan to all his Maharaj. He took care of Shivaji’s clothes, friends, because Maharaj was under arrest VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 149 SHIVAJI IN STORIES in a big tent. Fulad Khan’s soldiers had leaden feet. Their mouths were parched, surrounded the tent. Fulad Khan himself fear possessed them, yet they could not kept prying from time to time. There was afford to show any sign of fear outwardly. no possibility even of a secret meeting. Even the slightest suspicion was sufficient Countless eyes and ears were alert to foil to undo the whole plan ! It was indeed a the attempts of Maharaj. How could he tremendous responsibility ! The boxes were get into touch with his beloved friends? being carried past the very jaws of death. Hiroji was lying on the cot and Madari The main part of this plan was played by continued his duty at his feet. The box Madari. His job was to massage Shivaji’s carrying Maharaj went out of sight along feet, but when Maharaj sat in the basket, with a number of other boxes. All the boxes Hiroji Pharjand was to take his place, and were gone. Madari had to continue massaging the feet Other trusted friends also escaped equally cleverly. Only two of them remained, Hiroji and Madari. Just imagine, what would have happened if they had been identified on the spot and captured ? But, the cause of Swarajya was great, and both of them, Hiroji and Madari waited to escape at their own leisure. They told the guards.

“Maharaj has just slept ! Please do not disturb him. Some people have gone to get medicine, but they have not returned as yet. We are of Hironi. Others were to quit that place anxious and should like to go and fetch only after escape of Maharaj. Only two the medicine ourselves.” persons were to remain in the prison camp. They were Hiroji and Madari. They had to “Go ahead,” replied the guards. leave after all had escaped. That was the That gave them the chance, and they plan in outline. escaped. All of them ! And, according to the plan Maharaj and They escaped in all direction. It was rainy Sambhaji sat in the boxes and left the season. Rivers were over-flowing. Roads prison. Hiroji lay on the cot taking the were slushy, ill maintained and full of place of Shivaji Maharaj ! Madari rubbed hurdles. They were also being chased over his feet. The boxes moved. There was long distances, more than eight hundred anxiety in the hearts of the two who miles ! remained behind. Moments moved with VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 150 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Braving all risks and surmounting deadly FREEDOM THROUGH dangers one by one, all the Marathas escaped and at last reached ‘Raigarh ! A BASKET Maharaj too, reached Raigarh ! Hiroji and Madari also arrived. All were utterly exhausted yet Maharaj was delighted to GRA was a veritable cauldron, a see them. He praised them, seated them dry, scalding, burning city, by his side and patted them on their backs. Asmarting under the sweltering heat He embraced Madari and said with affection: and the howling dust-laden wind that “My son, what a great achievement ! allowed no respite to the denizens of the What risks you have taken !” town. The narrow, filthy streets with flies and famished horses and grumbling people Really, Madari had suffered too much for and shabby houses belied the fact that his tender age. Just imagine ! Had he just this was the capital city of the mighty winked at the guards when Maharaj was Moghul Emperor, Aurangazeb. Except for escaping in the box, what would have the gleaming Taj, in pure white marble that happened ? Madari for his part could have stood on the bank of river Jamuna which become rich, as Aurangzeb would have meandered like a thin stream, and the offered him all the wealth he wanted in towering majestic fort, there was nothing the world ! But, the thought of deceit, to redeem the monotony and drabness of never, not even once, entered Madari’s the scene. mind. Emperor Aurangazeb followed a militant Maharaj told Madari. policy of anti-Hinduism. Though his “MY son, tell me, what I should give you. predecessors had followed a more humane Come on, ask for something.” policy, though he himself had Hindu blood in him, the Emperor was a fanatic who Madari embraced Maharaj’s waist and said wanted to convert as many as he could to sobbing, his faith.

“I don’t want anything, Mahraj ! You make He also struggled to conquer regions in me your servant when you are enthroned Deccan and to assert his supremacy over ! That’s all, Maharaj !” the Marathas who were led by the powerful And when Maharaj was duly enthroned, to Shivaji. Madari was given the honour of taking care When he failed to win Shivaji by military of the golden throne ! tactics, he stooped to a sly trick to bag his adversary. He wanted to get Shivaji into his clutches by fair or foul means.

Aurangazeb directed Raja Jai Singh to extend an invitation to Shivaji to visit the Moghul Court. The Emperor offered his VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 151 SHIVAJI IN STORIES hand of friendship, assured Shivaji of his guards. That was the prelude to more warm regard and affirmed that no danger stringent restraints. There was no more would befall the Maratha Chief. any doubt about the ulterior motives of the Emperor. Shivaji was a prisoner, regal Aurangazeb sighed in relief when Raja Jai prisoner of the Emperor. Singh intimated the Emperor that Shivaji had accepted the invitation. The news The heat and dust of Agra was indeed came to him as the greatest solace. He intolerable for Shivaji and his party. It had till then been worried about the was at variance with the cool, pleasing possibility of Shivaji rejecting the invitation. climate of the Konkan region. The tension which gripped him vanished. Still, Shivaji hoped that sane counsel would He felt elated. prevail and that the Emperor would release He decided to accord a cool reception to him. Shivaji, to seat him among second rate But these hopes ebbed out as months nobles, to disgrace the Maratha by showing rolled by without any indication that utter disregard to etiquettes and common freedom would came soon. Time was courtesies. He arranged for a grand Darbar slipping by. He did not know how long he to dazzle Shivaji with the wealth and would have to live in this prison, whether grandeur of the Moghul Court, to exhibit he would get away from this filthy place or the might and glory of the Moghul Empire. he would die a prisoner of the fanatical Shivaji was shocked at the reception Emperor. accorded to him. He pointed out that he He had come to Agra in May, 1666 with his had been assured of the Emperor’s cordial followers. He discussed the situation with feelings, and that it was not worthy of the his close associates and valiant warriors Emperor to violate his solemn pledges. who advised the Maratha Chief to take Aurangazeb merely laughed in derision. some positive action to gain freedom. However, Shivaji acted with perfect aplomb, Shivaji counselled patience and stated that maintained his regal poise, presented the it would be futile to attempt to escape by gifts which he had brought and then fighting against the Moghuls with their withdrew. He was seething with anger and immense army. fury. He realised that he had been trapped, He said that it would be brains, not brawn that the invitation was a ruse to lure him that would deliver them from bondage. into the Moghul City to be kept under the watchful eyes of the Emperor. By the end of June, Shivaji had a plan which he felt would be fool-proof. He analysed Shivaji was still wondering whether the the details of the plan, discussed its salient Emperor would rectify his mistake and features with his associates and finalised accord him due recognition when he found the ingenious scheme which woud allow himself a virtual prisoner. The house in him enough room to wriggle out of the which he stayed was surrounded by armed clutches of the Emperor. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 152 SHIVAJI IN STORIES When Shivaji sought the permission of the He posed as if he was worried about Emperor to allow a sizeable number of his Shivaji’s health. He readily agreed when retinue to return to Konkan, Aurangazeb Shivaji’s associates asked for permission was delighted. With reduced strength, to send out sweet baskets daily for Shivaji would be more firmly tied down in distribution among Brahmins. He, however, Agra. Aurangazeb gave his approval instructed the guards to keep close watch immediately. over the items carried in the baskets.

Aurangazeb was also plotting for the murder In the beginning, the baskets were of Shivaji. He decided to send Shivaji along thoroughly inspected. The guards probed with Ram Singh on an expedition against and dug into each basket, assuring the tribesmen of the North-West Frontier. Enroute, a Muslim officer named Radandaz Khan was to murder Shivaji.

Now that only a few confidants of Shivaji stayed back, the Emperor felt that he would have an easy task of eliminating Shivaji by clandestine means.

When Aurangazeb received news of the indisposition of themselves that the baskets contained Shivaji, he shouted in anger. He had nothing suspicious. already laid out his plan for packing off The vigour and zest of the examination Shivaji with the party of Ram Singh so as continued for a week. Shivaji’s condition, to facilitate the murder by Radandaz Khan. his associates told the guards, was causing He raged like a tiger baulked of its prey. anxiety. The sentries who caught a glimpse The Emperor did not want Shivaji to die in of Shivaji also realised that he had become Agra. It would give room for gossips which famished and weak. His wiry frame had would tarnish his name. He was interested become thinner due to constant worry and in causing Shivaji’s death by surreptitious lack of exercise. means so that none would suspect him for the tragic death. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 153 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The dispatch of sweet baskets continued a wild grin, to join his leader. By the time unabated. The inspection slowly lost its the sentries noticed that the prisoner had keenness. It became cursory and casual. escaped, fourteen hours had elapsed. The The sentries could not understand how Emperor ordered a search. But, the distribution of sweets could save a man Emperor’s soldiers never guessed the path suffering from serious ailment. They that Shivaji had followed. They dashed laughed in derision when the baskets of towards the South, scanned all the sweets continued to flow out in larger highways, imposed road-blocks, and numbers. They wondered at the ignorance arrested suspicious characters for of the Kafirs. interrogation.

The sentries had got so accustomed to But, Shivaji had foreseen the natural the baskets that they stopped even casual reaction of the Emperor’s men and inspection. Shivaji was just waiting for chartered a path through Mathura, such an opportunity. Allahabad, Bundel Khand, Gondwana and Golkonda. He hid in a basket and was carried out along with several baskets of sweets. When he returned to Rajgad on 12 Another basket carried his son. They were September, 1666 he was given a rousing safely transported to a spot outside the reception. The people flocked in thousands ramparts of the city. Shivaji’s close all along the route to get a glimpse of him. confidants were waiting for his arrival. They offered prayers, thanking the Almighty for Shivaji’s safe return. Shivaji shaved off his beard and moustache, changed into the robes of a Sannyasi and Was it basket that led Shivaji from fetters rode off towards the North. This was a to liberty? shrewd move. Once the Emperor came to know of the escape, he would naturally presume that Shivaji and his men had made a dash for the South.

In order to delay discovery of Shivaji’s escape, one of his close friends, Hiroji Farzand, lay on the bed, wearing Shivaji’s signet ring. He was about the same build as Shivaji. The sentries who saw him, lying in bed, caught sight of the signet ring and believed that it was Shivaji.

Early next day, Hiroji came out, told the sentries that Shivaji was seriously ill and was not to be disturbed under any circumstances. He then walked off, with VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 154 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE TEST OF KINSHIP KINCAID

HIVAJI passed through the temple, and there, as the first light gleams, western gate of the City of Agra they perform the ritual of sun-worship, Sand crossed the river in a boat lifting handfuls of water, and scattering the without being questioned by anyone. sun-reflecting drops before them with the When they reached the bank Shivaji took prayer, “Glory of the Sun, enlighten my out a handful of coins and giving it to the understanding.” Mingling unobtrusively with boatman told him to go and inform the these crowds of pre-occupied worshippers, Emperor that he had carried Shivaji and the fugitives from Agra attracted no his son across the Jumna. This was not attention. In the cell of a friendly brahmin an act of wild bravado. Shivaji was anxious named Kashi, Shivaji and his companions to publicise the fact that he was travelling changed their clothes. Shivaji shaved his westwards.There was a purpose behind it. head, cut off his moustache and beard, smeared his face with ashes and put on Hurrying along the road to Mathura, Shivaji the yellow robe of a religious mendicant. overtook the servants whom he had sent At this waist was a begging bowl and in with horses as an offering to the Krishna the hand a pilgrim’s bamboo staff. His Temple. The whole party now mounted on companions, too, had dressed themselves horseback galloped all night till they reached as priests and wandering friars. In India Mathura the following morning. Mathura is this has often been a favourite disguise. famous for its temples dedicated to the cult of Krishna. Round most of the temples Shivaji had to leave his son behind. He are monasteries, seminaries and lodging was worn out by the long ride through the houses for pilgrims. Wide, cobbled night. The Brahmin, Kashi, offered to hide courtyards surrounded the cells of monks. the lad in his own cell. He dressed him in There were pools of still dark water covered Brahmin attire and gave out that he was with rose petals ; heavy pylons carved with his own son come to visit him. So Shivaji figures of gods and men and animals. Under and has companions set out once on their the archways and through the narrow travels. doorways there passed an endless stream They were hundreds of miles from the of worshippers, priests with shaven heads Maratha country. As soon as the alarm in robes of yellow or scarlet silk, students was given, the Imperial courtiers would be or novices in simple white, princesses in galloping down the great roads, warning curtained palanquins and beggars in all local authorities to be on the lookout clamant hordes. At dawn all the multitudes for the fugitives. Now since Shivaji had of the faithful move towards the river, sent horses westward and had apparently whose waters lap the steps of the Krishna followed them himself, judging from the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 155 SHIVAJI IN STORIES boatman’s report the government would some tree where a panther-skin-clad naturally assume that he was making a ascetic repeated his prayers; the dim mist dash for the Maratha country by the direct of dawn hung low over the swift running route south-west through Khandesh and river. As he sat there musing, a muffled Gujarat. So Shivaji doubled back on his figure came out of the shadows, and tracks and raced eastwards, risking the approaching him said, “Will you perform the immediate danger of running into the arms ceremonial ablutions for me and recite the of his pursuers. dawn prayer ?” Nabha agreed and, in the chill and the gloom of the hour went In every town and village the alarm had through the Brahmin’s ritual for the been sounded, and rewards offered for stranger. Shivaji’s capture, along with threats uttered against those that helped him. In Suddenly the city was awakened by a one village he was actually arrested on number of trumpets and drums. The police suspicion and brought before the police watch rode down the streets, rousing the inspector of the village, who put him householders and proclaiming that Shivaji’s through a grueling cross-examination track had been traced to Benares. The extending far into the night. Towards stranger and the Brahmin looked at one midnight Shivaji confessed his identity, but another. The stranger said, “Open your judging the inspector’s character with his hand,” and placed in it nine large jewels, usual acumen he offered him some jewels Nabha nodded. He turned away and began as the price of his freedom. The inspector to pray as though nothing had happened accepted the bribe and let Shivaji go. It while the stranger slipped away into the was a lesson that he must now move with darkness. But that day the Chief Priests the utmost care, and so he chose to travel awaited their novice in vain. He left only at night and alone, his companions Benares and travelled to Surat where he travelling by different routes. bought a large house and set up practice as a physician. Many years later he At the time a Brahmin named Nabha confided in the historian Khafi Khan and happened to be studying at Benares under told him the origin of his worldly one of the Chief Priests. He had of late prosperity.Tramping and riding, Shivaji become dissatisfied. He complained that reached the shores of the Bay of Bengal. his preceptors made his work too long and kept him always short of food. He would Even in a small fishing village the noise of have welcomed an opportunity of following his flight had preceded him. When he tried some other occupation. One morning, to buy a horse, the horse-dealer became before the sun had risen, he went down to suspicious. river side and sat there alone, probably “What do you want it for ?” brooding over his grievances. The spires of innumerable temples were black against Shivaji offered him some gold coins. The the graying sky; a few lights shone man’s suspicions were confirmed. “You waveringly in an occasional shrine or under must be that escaped Maratha to be so VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 156 SHIVAJI IN STORIES free with your money.” In despair Shivaji intelligence of Sambhaji’s death. He wept offered him the remainder of his money. bitterly and ordered all his followers to go Once again the avarice of another saved into mourning. The Mughal agents were him. But now he was glad to escape alive, completely deceived by this show of sorrow with no money left, without even the horse and assumed that the news must be he had hoped to buy. correct.

Wearily he turned back towards Central A few days later Shivaji sent a letter to India. As he neared Indore he sought the Brahman, Kashi at Mathura, begging refuge in a peasant’s hut, trusting to him to bring Sambhaji to Raigad. Still traditional Indian hospitality to avoid many disguised as a Brahman lad Sambhaji set questions. He was welcomed as a poor out with Kashi on his return to the Maratha wayfarer. His host’s old mother hurried off country. They had a narrow escape at to the kitchen to prepare supper. It Ujjain where a Mughal police officer, happened that a body of Maratha irregulars watching Sambhaji closely, came to the had recently burst into Imperial territory. conclusion that his demeanour was hardly The village where Shivaji now rested was that of a priest’s son. one of those that had suffered from their “Is this really your son?” he asked Kashi. incursion. When the old woman came back Kashi said yes, and began talking glibly from the kitchen she began to curse the about a pilgrimage to Allahbad, where they Marathas for their desperations. “As for had bathed in the sacred river and visited that brigand Shivaji,” she added, “I wish the temples, but how unhealthy they had to God he had died in prison.” Few months found the climate there, unhealthy, that later, when he had reached his kingdom, is, for southerners, for instance Kashi’s own he sent her a purse containing twice the wife who had fallen ill there had died, and sum of money to compensate the loss. so now father and son were returning Though Shivaji and most of his companions mourning to their village. The Moghul cut (the latter traveling separately or in small short his chatter with the words, “If he is groups) had returned safely, there still really your son, let me see you both eating remained Shivaji’s son Sambhaji who, it will out of the same plate.” be remembered, had been left behind at But Kashi, realising how carefully the police Mathura with a friendly Brahman. If the were watching every detail of his Imperial authorities found him, they would expression, never showed for a moment take revenge on him for his father’s escape. his reluctance ; and he and Sambhaji sat So Shivaji resorted once more to his down to dine together from the same dish. “stratagems”. He began publicly to refer Convinced by this proof of Kinship, the to his fear for Sambhaji’s life pretending to Mughal police released them and they be ignorant of his whereabouts. Mughal reached Raigad without further adventures. agents reported that he seemed “very anxious about his son”. Then he announced that he had received VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 157 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

JANJIRA - A TASTE OF DEFEAT

HE fort of Janjira stuck out like a Once again the Maratha canons started sore thumb on Shivaji’s hand. He bombarding Janjira fort. Small ships and Tbrooded over it constantly. His launches with canons fitted on them earlier attempts were foiled for one reason surrounded the fort. The wall of Janjira or another. Maharaj was determined to fort was altogether impregnable. It conquer this sea-fort. Before he planned stubbornly withstood the blasting by the attack, however, he went to Kelsi to Maratha canons. Canon balls struck the seek the blessing of Baba Yakut, who was fort wall and were repulsed without making a renowned Muslim saint, who had no other a dent. The only thing that it produced attraction than the worship of Allah. He was a loud sound. treated the rich and the poor alike. He Moropant was trying his best to make this was a real devotee of God. Maharaja went plan a success. An idea dawned on him. to Kelsi for the vision of Baba Yakut and Though difficult and daring, he thought it then only did he set out for the siege of would be worth having a try. The plan Janjira. was to place ladders against the wall of Moropant had just returned from his the fort and scale it ! But the question successful expedition of Ramnagar. Maharaj was, how the ladders were to be planted was unable to capture Janjira from Siddi and who would do it ? The walls were huge even after a sustained effort for about with the turbulent waves beating twenty years, but Moropant understood underneath. The lashing waves would foil the responsibility. He led an army of ten all attempts to plant the ladders on the thousand soldiers and with it marched to ground, but the ladders could be rested in Janjira which he vowed he would only take the vessels. Even then, with Siddi’s men after annexing Danda and Rajapuri. ever alert and on guard how could the soldiers reach the top ? Their ammunition He reached the shore facing Janjira. An could annihilate all the Maratha vessels in assault was planned, for which trees in one attempt. the vicinity were cut down to be used for sheds to be built in order to conceal small But Moropant was fortunate in having a vessels anchored at the shore. Pant had daring seaman to aid him. The name of planned to fire canon balls from behind the that seaman was Lay Patil. When Shivaji sheds and to break the wall of Janjira fort. Maharaj built his navy, he invited all the On the other hand, Siddi Kasim had left sea-faring men (mostly fishermen) who Surat for Janjira along with his navy. prided themselves on being the sons of the sea ! Darya Sarang, Mainak Bhandari and Daulatkhan were some of them whom VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 158 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji had enlisted. They were a band of went about his task along with his hardy and weather-beaten men who had colleagues. It is not known how he reached braved many a storm. Now they were loyal the wall of Janjira. Probably he had the to Shivaji, and Maharaj handed them the advantage of the darkness of the night. saffron flag and the navy ! Thus did the It was a miraculous feat ! The tides lashed navy start functioning. The fort of Sindhu- against the wall of the fort. It was pitch durg or Shiva Lanka was constructed in dark. Lay Patil raised ladders on the wall the sea by these brave men who rendered and waited for the twelve hundred soldiers timely help to Maharaj. The brave seafarer of Moropant to arrive on the scene. He who now came to help in the capture of waited and waited. Had the Arab guards Janjira was Lay Patil, who was a fisherman on the fort known anything about the by profession. The naval officers of happenings at the bottom, it would have Maharaj treated him with respect. He been their end. Siddi Kasim had captured served Shivaji Maharaj for twelve long Danda-Rajapuri in the same way. So years. Had their seamanship not been Moropant thought that the same plan recognised they would have remained as would work in the capture of Janjira and a mere fishermen! big load would be lifted from his shoulders. Moropant called Lay Patil and said, “You Lay Patil had planted ladders and waited are a servant of Chhatrapati ! If Maharaj for the soldiers of Moropant. It was so needed your urgent help, would you oblige dangerous a venture that Lay was tempting him ?” death every moment. One hour elapsed, Lay was astonished at the roundabout then two ! The waiting seemed endless. manner in which the Prime Minister It was dangerous to continue to wait, (Moropant) asked for his services. He because if the guards came to know of understood that the job must be a very their existence, their fate would have been tricky one and that was why Pant had sealed. Lay had performed an incredible requested him. feat, but the army was not playing its part. Another two hours went by. Lay grew “Yes Sir ! I shall obey your order,” replied apprehensive ; he was sure now that Lay Patil. nobody would come to scale the wall. It Moropant explained to him everything in was dangerous to keep on waiting and detail. “The ladders on the wall of Janjira foolish to boot. Dawn was breaking. Once ! Oh my lord ! The task seems to be as the Black guards saw their ladders, it would difficult as raising ladders to heaven !” be the end of the whole matter. At last, Moropant said, “Your job is only to fix the Lay Patil removed the ladders in disgust ladders ! We have about twelve hundred and vanished with his associates. soldiers ready to scale the wall and enter What was the real trouble ? Nobody knew. the fort.” Lay Patil nodded assent. Who was at fault? One could only guess. Though dangerous Lay Patil accepted the May be, the plan was not known to all challenge and said, “I shall do it !” He concerned. Janjira remained unconquered VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 159 SHIVAJI IN STORIES by Shivaji Maharaj, as neither Moropant navy. An encounter ensued in which the nor the soldiers actually utilised the daring Marathas had to release the siege. That feat of Lay. Lay accosted Pant later and was the second defeat that the Marathas said, “We raised the ladders and waited suffered in their attempt to capture Janjira. for your soldiers. When it was near dawn, Janjira remained unconquered ! we returned !” Efforts continued. Moropant went back Moropant felt very sad. He was astonished to Raigarh. Lay Patil the brave officer, at the rare courage of Lay Patil. He Padadurg Subhanji Mohite in charge of the accepted the blame on himself. The siege fort, Subhanji Kharade the flag officer, and others went to Raigarh, to pay their obeisance to Shivaji. Moropant had already narrated the whole story about Lay and his valour at the same time admitting that the cause of defeat was due to his own lack of co-ordination. Mahraj was immensely pleased to hear of Lay and his daring attempt. He ordered Moropant to present a palanquin to Lay. Shivaji was always ready to encourage heroism and valour even though the attempts proved futile. But though he ordered the palanquin, Lay Patil refused it. He fought shy of fame and honour. Maharaj was more pleased than ever before with his behaviour. He ordered a ship to be built and asked Lay Patil to man it.

Maharaj enquired of Lay : “Who offered the title of ‘Patil’ to your family ?” “Badshah had conferred the title !” said Patil. of Janjira continued and they waited till all Maharaj saw that it was not high enough the stock of grains and supplies in Janjira and called him ‘Sarapatil’! was exhausted. But how long could they keep on waiting ? He also honoured the officer Padmadurg with a palanquin. A naval force under the Mughal general Siddi Sambul advanced towards Jaipur and laid it waste. Siddi Kasim had already advanced from Surat with five hundred Arab seamen. When he came to know of the Maratha attack on Janjira, he rushed towards Janjira and attacked the Maratha VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 160 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE FLIGHT FROM HELL

URANGAZEB basely broke the He respected both of them. The Marathas terms agreed upon between in turn maintained cordial relations with him. AShivaji and himself at Purandar by They kept up a regular correspondence and assisting Siddi of Janjira against him. He received guidance from Shivaji Maharaj at blatantly put an end to the truce by sorting Raigarh. This state of affairs continued to dubious and cunning ways. At last, the for three years. scheming mind of Aurangazeb hit upon a One day the whole of the Maratha camp master plan. was humming like a hive. Pratap Rao and The Maratha army numbering around six Niraji received a call from Muajjam. But thousand were near Aurangabad. Generals nobody could tell why the call came. Pratap Rao Gujar and Niraji Raoji were the Pratap Rao and Niraji immediately rushed commanding officers of camps of the to Muajjam. The latter stayed in the Maratha army stationed at Aurangabad. It interior chamber of the fort at Aurangabad. was as part of the truce that Sambhaji, Rao and Niraji Pant entered the fort. Shivaji’s son was to be provided an army Muajjam took them to a secluded corner of six thousand men by Aurangazeb. But and said, “Look, I have received a Sambhaji being immature, it was decided confidential message from Delhi. My father that Pratap Rao and his colleague Niraji has issued a secret order to me which may Raoji were to be under Muajjam, the son be received here within a day or two. I of Aurangazeb, though they did not have have, however, come to know the deadly to serve him actually. Muajjam disliked contents of the order. The order says that fighting. The prince was given to a life of both of your should be arrested and sent pleasure. He liked and admired Shivaji to Delhi and all the six thousand Marathas Maharaj ! Though an epicurean by nature, stationed here are to be butchered and Muajjam was very shrewd and a man of their camps looted !” foresight. If he got opportunity to revolt against his father. Shivaji would have been Pratap Rao and Niraji Pant were stunned helpful him ! This was what he looked as they heard the terrible sentence forward to. pronounced by Aurangazeb and conveyed by Aurangazeb’s son himself. What was On Sambhaji was conferred the Aurangazeb going to do with him ? He would chieftainship of a village in Berar and this have them tortured and killed ! Or he would gave him the right to maintain an army of have them converted into Muslims ! It six thousand soldiers. Ravji Somnath was clear. The whole plan of complete Subhedar took care of the army on his annihilation of all the six thousand Marathas behalf. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 161 SHIVAJI IN STORIES fitted well with the bigotry of Aurangazeb. off the Marathas, to loot their camps, to This again was a breach of promise ! arrest Pratap Rao and Niraji and send them to Delhi. Muajjam read it loudly, on purpose, One more Point that was mentioned in the and added in a very sad tone ! order was that an amount of Rupees One Lakh was to be recovered from the “Treachery ! Treason ! We received the Marathas as compensation ! The reason order today, but those wicked Marathas was, as the order stated, that Shivaji had have packed up and gone, eight days ago. used the amount from the treasury of I don’t know how they have left. I would Badshah for his expenses when he was at have constructed a huge minar with their Agra and it had to be repaid. heads. I would have sent all their chieftains to Delhi. I would have After conveying the above information confiscated all their property and handed Muajjam said, “I do not like this it over to the Emperor at Delhi. But, the communication from my father at all. This mountain rats have run away !” is treachery ! But what can I do ! When the order is issued and it arrives I have to His generals thought that Muajjam really carry it out. It is, therefore, in your meant every word of it ! He was so faithful. interest to quit before the communication So dutiful ! He respected his father so actually reaches Aurangabad. All of you much and was eager to obey his orders to leave Aurangabad at once, with your the very letter ! But what could he do ? soldiers ! Hurry up !” The wicked Marathas had run away ! If only they had stayed they would have paid Pratap Rao and Niraji Pant did not waste a dearly ! moment. They were very grateful to Muajjam. They came back to their camps What remained was only the words of pity and immediately started preparations for ! Muajjam informed his father about his leaving the place. All the six thousand helplessness ! Aurangazeb was astonished. soldiers completed the packing quickly and How could they have run away ? Shivaji were out of the camp in half an hour ! ran away from Agra a day before he was to be murdered (18th Aug. 1666). Pratap Rao left Aurangabad. He sent a Aurangazeb had no go but to blame his ill message to Ravji Somnath who looked after luck. He was exasperated beyond words. the land on behalf of Sambhaji in Berar. He informed Ravji to take the entire Pratap Rao Gujar left along with the whole treasury and men and to go to Raigarh ! army from Aurangabad, but he did not go to Raigarh. He attacked Mughal strongholds After eight days, the communication from in the East, caught them unawares and Aurangazeb arrived at Aurangabad. The brought a huge fortune worth lakhs of messenger handed the bag containing it rupees with him. On the other hand, Ravji to Muajjam. Muajjam opened the bag in Somnath looted Mughal posts in Berar, the presence of the general who was his crossed river Bhima and reached Raigarh. assistant. Aurangazeb had ordered to finish Both of them collected and offered a VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 162 SHIVAJI IN STORIES ‘present’ of rupees twenty lakhs to Shivaji. Actually it was Aurangazeb who wanted THE BARGAIN to obtain rupees one lakh from the Marathas. But, the Marathas did not give him a single pie ; on the contrary, looted him to the tune of twenty lakhs. AIGARH was busy with the Shivaji was shocked to hear the news of preparations for marriage of Aurangazeb’s treachery. Pratap Rao, Niroji Sambhaji, Shivaji’s son. As is the Pant and the army of six thousand soldiers R custom in Maharashtra, turmeric paste was were saved only due to the kindness of smeared all over the body of Sambhaji. He Shahzada Muajjam. He could not imagine was decked with coloured papers (bashing) the consequences otherwise ! He praised and a garland hung from the side of both and thanked Muajjam. But he once again the ears. The Shirkes were of an ancient realised how Aurangazeb had thrown him and noble lineage ; so Shivaji selected the a challenge ! daughter of Pilaji Rao Shirke of Chiplun for He heard of compulsory conversions, his daughter-in-law. Shirkes had struck bloodshed, destruction of temples, breaking terror in Konkan area over a period of many of idols and images of Gods. This was years. One of his ancestors had completely confirmed from the latest reports Shivaji routed Mali Kuttuzar Zainuddin, who received from Delhi. He came to know that invaded Konkan with the aid of 10,000 the famous Kesava temple of Mathura was soldiers. That demon of a Mughal had destroyed and the main idol was brought razed many a king to the ground and to Delhi and buried underneath a tomb ! conquered their territories. He heard similar news about many such Later on, however, the Shirke family served temples and also of conversions ! But, Aurangazeb. The family received ‘Dabholi’ what could he do ? What was the remedy village in recognition of its services. Shivaji ? Maharaj needed Shirke’s help in his bid for Aurangazeb had broken the treaty of freedom. That was the main reason in Purandar. It became quite evident that bringing about this alliance. Pilaji Shirke Shivaji had to launch his attacks on Mughal had a son named Ganoji. Shivaji Maharaj territories. Raigarh was once again contacted him and proposed, “Let my enthusiastic ! The Lion had rested for four daughter Nanisaheb wed your son Ganoji years, and again he had to come out of Raje, and let us have your daughter his lair. Horses snorted once again and Yesubai Saheb for my son Sambhaji.” Pilaji started pawing the ground, impatient for Rao was delighted at this exchange match. action. He did not hesitate ever for a moment and readily consented.

Everything was arranged. Maharaj requested Pilaji Rao to join the freedom VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 163 SHIVAJI IN STORIES movement and not to remain servant to “Shivaji Maharaj must return it to me. I the Mughal Badshah ! Pilaji Rao accepted am sure that he will give it back, because it. Maharaj told him. “You and other I am now closely related to him.” With members of Shirke family will be offered this thought in mind Pilaji wrote a letter to respectable posts but once you have Shivaji. become part of us you shall be relieved of Shivaji received it at Raigarh and gave it your right over Dabholi !” to Moropant to read. “Now our land has This was rather difficult for Pilaji to digest, been absorbed by your Government. The as he had enjoyed this privilege for so many right was a very old one, enjoyed by our years. He was treated like a king and ancestors. They served the Badshah with received obeisance from subjects. How loyalty and zeal. It is the duty of a son to could he surrender all this ? And then to maintain whatever the father has earned. serve in the military of Raigarh ! I am serving your Majesty even now. Therefore, I request you to hand the right Maharaj told him : over Dabholi back to me.” “Raje Saheb, this involves the honour of a Maharaj was silent. Moropant understood nation. It is a divine decree that we should his mind well. He said, “Maharaj, this is serve our country and our people.” the nature of every person. Landlordship Pilaji somehow accepted the offer. And, strikes deep roots, and since they confer the rights over Dabholi, were relinquished. a few petty honours people think it an insult Pilaji himself joined the Maratha army. to be deprived of them.” Marriages were finalised. The four brides “Pant”, said Maharaj, “These rights are and bridegrooms, who were very young, potentially dangerous. To maintain them got ready for marriage. Shivaji and Pilaji a rebellion may be incited against our effort were now bound by a double bond. A to consolidate territories. That is why I daughter of Konkan came to the Ghats and have discontinued this practice. Our main that of the Ghats went to Konkan. aim is that our land should be placed on a Territorial differences were erased and a firm footing of its own, and the titular heads new relationship was forged, satisfactory should not become powerful. They should to all concerned. serve the cause with loyalty placing their As the months passed, Shirke grew courage and valour at the disposal of the impatient. He disliked the present status country. They should not consider it of serfdom ! He thought to himself, “The prowess to maintain whatever their Shirkes were once the kings of Konkan. ancestors have earned. It seems that Pilaji Our Kingdom had been snatched away by Rao has not understood me !” the Badshah. But now I have lost even “Maharaj, do try and change his mind”, said the small hold I had ! What now is left for Moropant. “Pant, it is our endeavour to me ?” The choice was between the rights see that everyone should love the land to and the service under Maharaj. He which he belongs. Faith in the motherland preferred to get back the rights to Dabholi. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 164 SHIVAJI IN STORIES is very important. I brought Pilaji Rao into we are helpless ! You write to him in the our fold. I offered my daughter to his son. words that I dictate.” My aim was that he should understand and Pant brought a blank-paper and a pen. love this free realm. But, it is unfortunate Maharaj started dictating. that Shirke loves his rights more than the solidarity of his country, he even has the nerve to demand his rights ! Pant, I cannot give in to Shirke ! I can never do so, no, never !”

“But, Maharaj, Shirke Raje is a powerful person. He may get annoyed”, said Moropant.

“Yes, he may get annoyed, perhaps! But, Pant, am I to care for somebody’s annoyance at the cost of our solidarity ?” “You have written that the right to Dabholi, “But Maharaj, if Shirke joins Badshah in which was absorbed by us, should be annoyance……….” restored to you. It is not our practice to “If he does, so, he will become our enemy go back on what we have done. Since ! That is all there is to it. It is not difficult you have established a relationship with to quell an enemy, but if we allow him to us, we undertake to offer the title of maintain a title like this, our efforts are Deshmukh to you when your daughter-in- bound to come to naught. I admire Pilaji law, Rajkunwas Bai delivers a son.” Maharaj Rao as a brave warrior, not as the owner smiled. It was not the smile of a victorious of lands”! Shivaji replied firmly. warrior, but of one who had escaped the consequences of an unpleasant situation. “That’s true Maharaj. But if you can try The letter was sent to Pilaji Rao. He read to keep Shirke Raje in your fold without it and was happy. He was glad to know returning his rights ?” that title would be restored to his “It shall be my endeavour, certainly. I feel descendants at least at a later date ! pained when I have to submit to such dirty On the whole, Pilaji did not prove to be tricks from our own people ! Our own very clever. people deserve our hearts. Tricks and ruses are meant for others, who do not consider themselves as our kith and kin. But, Pant, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 165 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

KICK THE THRONE OF SLAVERY

EFORE leaving for Rajapur ensued. Suryaji Rao was a warrior of no Maharaj had posted Tanaji mean merit or courage. Tanaji alone, in BMalusare and Pilaji Neel Kanth Rao fact, was a match for him, and he even Sarnaik at Shangameshwar and assigned pushed him back and held his front to them an important task. The foot-paths remarkably. in Konkan were made difficult to traverse Pilaji fought equally well, but seeing the by the torrential rains. Even the roads superior reinforcements of the enemy, he leading to the town of Sangameshwar were got panicky. The enemy, sensing his panic, no good. Shivaji decided to have them took the initiative in their hands and began repaired and made travel-worthy and he pressing forth more and more aggressively. assigned that work to Tanaji and his Pilaji was greatly flustered and feared he soldiers. What a strange task for one of would be either killed or captured before the bravest of the commanders ! But, was long. it not an important one ? Shivaji had rightly inculcated the dignity of labour in his leaders Tanaji, in the meanwhile, was completely and followers alike. So, for the time being unaware of the situation but he heard the all of them kept aside their swords and exultant battle cries of the enemy and was javelins and took picks and shovels in their alarmed. He immediately rushed towards hands. Though Shivaji had very little time the enemies and saw Pilaji’s predicament. at his disposal, whenever he did get an Pilaji turned on his heels and was retreating opportunity for respite he utilised it for fast. Maratha warriors turning on his heels constructive work like agriculture, irrigation, and running away from the war front in construction of roads, dams and barrages panic ! Tanaji could not tolerate such and development of education and trade. shameful behaviour. He ran behind the He never neglected any aspect of public retreating Maratha warrior and caught him welfare. up. Tanaji flared up, “Why are you running away like a coward ? Are you not the son Tanaji, Pilaji, and other soldiers made of Neelakant Rao who died a martyr’s death themselves busy at Sangameshwar in the ? Your father will turn over in his grave construction work. Suddenly, on a dark with shame at this behaviour on your part. night, Suryaji Rao (who had earlier been Shame on you !” He forced Pilaji right back pardoned by Maharaj) attacked the into the middle of the battle-field and Maratha camp. There was panic for a continued to reprimand him. “When I am moment, but the Marathas stood their here to support you, why are you running ground. Tanaji armed himself to meet the away, leaving the battle-field ? You were foe. On the other side, Pilaji also prepared boasting so much ; what of that now ? to fight the enemy. A tumultuous battle VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 166 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji Maharaj had honoured you by giving the terms of our pact. Please explain how you such a high post. Is it only to hear such a breach of faith can be tolerated ?” that you ran away from the battle-field ? “Raje, you are a brave man. Jaswant Rao At least, you should have some regard for Raje of Pali has come to seek refuge under him and gratitude for the honour that he you for fear of punishment at our hands. has conferred on you.” But Pilaji was afraid. We propose to capture all the land Tanaji’s sermons on valour and courage fell belonging to Jaswant Rao as he has on deaf ears. committed treachery. We expect you to Tanaji, then got a rope which lay nearby, come and meet us at Pali, and if you persist and secured Pilaji to a huge stone, in spite in abstaining from doing so arrogantly, you of the latter’s protests to prevent him from would be dealt with in the same manner as running away. He wanted Pilaji to witness Jaswant Rao. Nobody on earth can save how a brave Maratha would fight the you from the fury of Maharaj.” Suryaji Rao enemy. He then took his sword and shield listened to the message and replied ; “You and plunged into the battle-field. may go ahead. I will follow you.”

Tanaji entered deep into the enemy lines The envoy returned to Sangameshwar and with an ear-splitting cry of “Har Har Maha delivered the message of Suryaji Rao to Dev”, encouraging his men, “come on my Maharaj. Whether Suryaji Rao would go men, kill the enemy”, “Fight till victory is to Pali or not was to be known in a day’s ours”, and so on. The Marathas were time. doubly enthused by his encouragement and Maharaj attacked Pali, and captured the in the end the victory was theirs. Suryaji jagir of Jaswant Rao within a very short Rao ran towards Shringarpur to seek refuge. time. Many of Jaswant Rao’s commanders Tanaji released Pilaji with a smile of victory. surrendered to Maharaj. Tanaji and Pilaji went to convey their There was a fort near pali named ‘Chira message to Maharaj. Maharaj honoured Durg’, It was a very strong fort, covering them for the victory but was annoyed with a vast area. Its walls and bastions were Suryaji who deceived him once again. Yet, exceptionally stout and sturdy. Shivaji he wished to make Surya Rao understand named it Madan Garh and placed it at the the importance of his being in Swarajya, disposal of an officer and other staff, to and so he sent his envoy to Shringarpur. be looked after. The envoy conveyed the message. Pali was captured and Maharaj waited for “Suryaji Raje, you had merged your jagir Suryaji Rao to meet him there, but Suryaji with Swarajya willingly. You fought against did not turn up. On the other hand, he us on behalf of Badshah, and wronged us was enjoying himself at Shringarpur. He on a number of occasions and now you thought that while Shivaji attacked Pali have attacked our army again at directly in order to capture it, he only sent Sangameshwar. After entering into an an envoy for a talk, and hence Suryaji understanding with us, you chose to break VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 167 SHIVAJI IN STORIES thought Shivaji did not dare to attack him. THE FORTRESS This enraged Maharaj, and he pressed forward with an army fifteen thousand IN THE SEA strong to sack Shringarpur. Suryaji Rao was informed of Shivaji’s arrival. That the situation was precarious dawned upon him HIVAJI stood on the shore (Suryaji) now. Shivaji’s army was a huge watching the sea. It was high one, and he knew that he would surely be Stide, the waves rose to tremendous defeated and captured. Suryaji fled in heights and broke in a spray of foam against panic from Shringarpur. the shore. Mahraj stood watching the breakers. Krishna Savant Desai and Bhaji Maharaj and the Marathas advanced Prabhu Desai were two among them. The towards Shringarpur with great speed. He roving gaze of Mahraj suddenly stood was still thinking of the sort of punishment arrested, something had attracted his to be meted out to Suryaji to prevent attention. About a mile or two, from the treachery in the future, when Moropant shore was a small island. Maharaj studied brought the news that Suryaji Rao had it thoughtfully for a while, and, turning to vanished from Shringarpur. Shivaji was Prabhu Desai, who stood beside him, asked, greatly disappointed at this loss of opportunity to punish treachery. He “What is the name of the island ?” entered the town, which was deserted. “It is known as ‘Kutre’ island !” replied Inside the palatial residence of Suryaji Rao, Desai. he saw a richly decorated throne. A golden cage, a seat of velvet to buffer the Shivaji was lost in thought again. What insulting kicks of the alien ruler ! was the island like ? What could be the size of it ? Where was it situated ? “Let With a heart surging with fury and disgust, us go and take a look at it,” he declared. Shivaji gave a kick at the throne. A boat was brought. Maharaj embarked it Another symbol of slavery wiped out ! and along with his colleagues, he rowed towards the island, which they reached in half an hour. The island was a rocky arm projecting into the sea, against which the waves lashed continuously. On the rock, almost at the centre, ran a slender stream of clear, sweet water. It looked as though the island was made to order there by an unseen hand. Shivaji passed immediate orders that a huge fortress should be constructed there. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 168 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Fortune smiled on Kutre island. It was as them, and if they still did not accept the if the island had been in penance for invitation they would be forced to come ! centuries, standing still in the vast sea Both the parts promptly arrived after the just waiting for such an occasion ! second message. He welcomed them with People gathered on that island coming to due respect and said, it in steamers, launches, small boats. “You are Brahmins. You should live in peace, Maharaj himself arrived to lay the foundation and it is my duty to see that your lives are for the structure of the fort. All the not disturbed in any way. Most of the paraphernalia for worship was made ready. Konkan area is already in our hands and The first foundation stone was to be laid the rest will soon be ours. Our Kingdom is by the Maharaj. It was suggested that expanding and gathering strength day by the priests who were natives of that area day. Do not be worried at all !” should officiate at the ceremony. The Pundits now felt pacified, and gratefully Messengers were sent to invite ‘Veda acknowledged his protection and began the Shastra Sampurna’ Janbhat Abhyankar and ceremonies. The sounds of musical his nephew ‘Veda Murti’ Raja Shri Dadam instruments filled the air, and the chanting Bhat. They declined the invitation out of of Mantras blended with them. Shivaji fear, for they thought that if the area again himself sat to perform Puja. He set the falls into the hands of the Sultan, he was first ‘stone’ of the first fort that was to be sure to take them to task for having his naval base. The fort was named assisted and colluded with Shivaji in the ‘Sindhu Durga’ and Jan Bhat and Dadam construction of the fort. Bhat received handsome rewards. They They knew very well that Shivaji was an were offered the permanent priesthood of ideal king and that he fought for his religious the new fort. conviction. But then, his kingdom was very Sindhu Durg started taking shape. A new small, while the Badshah’s kingdom was vast ornament for Darya Bhavani (Goddess of and well established. How could Malwan Sea) was designed. The stony face of which was just on the edge of Shivaji’s the island broke its gravity and bubbled territory be prevented from Badshah’s with life as Sindhu Durga reared its head attack ? out of the frothing foaming waters. Shivaji fathomed their feelings and though shocked, he made allowance for the preists’ fears. Unless they were made aware of the fact that a solid power was behind them, they could not be expected to shed their cowardice. Therefore, Maharaj sent his emissaries to invite priests once again explaining to them that he would protect VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 169 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Repeatedly, Shivaji DEATH OF A HERO had raided the fortified citadels of Moghul power, crippled the THE year was 1670 defence pring was bouncing around, arrangements of revealing its creative faculties the Moghuls, Sthrough fresh tendrils, tender returned with rich foliage, nascent buds, lush stretches of booties. These green grass, luxuriant trees and sprawling raids had boosted beds of shrubs and plants. his confidence and proved that the Nature was at its best, colourful, exotic Moghuls were not and intoxicating. invincible. In turn, Birds flirted around, heralding the onset of these raids spring, basking in the vigour and vivacity created in the injected by the season, keen to prance hearts of those around, to love and to be loved, to mate who were pitted against him a grumbling and to procreate, to revel in the caresses admiration for his tactics mixed with mortal of nature and to respond to its call. fear of his hurricane attacks.

Jija Bai stood at the edge of the verandah, In this mood of exultation, Jija Bai surveyed feeling the aroma of spring, enjoying the the sprawling scenery. She saw the mild warmth that roused and whipped up Sahyadri Ranges, standing almost at the myriad emotions in her. These emotions, edge of the horizon, with the blue sky in turn, provoked her brain to indulge in dipping down and kissing the top of the fanciful dreams. Hopes of the future filled mountain ranges. The terrain, uneven, her mind. Challenging plans flashed through rolling into valleys and suddenly rising to her brain, plans which if executed boldly, great heights in the shape of sharp peaks, would lead her daring son, Shivaji, further all dressed in green, created a cavalcade up the ladder of power and fame. of emotions in her. She imagined that she could hear the tumbling, gushing, mad The memory of her son turned her face water-falls, rumbling over rocks, breaking aglow with pride. Indeed, he was the gift into bits over sharp protuberances, falling of Goddess Bhavani. It was She who faster and faster, glistening in the sun, inspired him, protected him, watched over dancing their way down to the plains. She him, guided him through tortuous and visualised, in her mind, the music of the dangerous times, and helped him to carve parakeet, the trumpet of the elephant, the the Maratha Empire out of the terrain over roar of the tiger and the call of the wolf. which Moghul overlordship extended. Then, she espied the silhouette of Sinhgad VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 170 SHIVAJI IN STORIES will do anything, but, Ma, don’t ask for the Fort, and a cloud of depression spread over Moon !” her face. “Shiva, I have been rather depressed. An It was five years since she had last been unknown pain has been gnawing at my to Sinhgad, five years since Shivaji, by heart. Staying here at Pratapgarh, I have the terms of an agreement, signed with often brooded over your safety, about the the Moghuls, had surrendered the fort to grave risks you face daily.” the enemy. At that time, Shivaji had assured her that he would not rest, that “Risk is part of the game I have been the surrender was only a tactical move, playing. I have faith in Goddess Bhavani. that at the earliest opportunity, he would She will protect me. I am just an instrument launch an attack to recover Sinhgad. of Her will.”

Suddenly, the spark of desire filled her, the “A mother’s heart is never at rest when desire to stroll through the ramparts of her son lives such a dangerous life.” Sinhgad Fort, to take a glimpse of the “Well, Ma, what is worrying you ?” Sahyadri Ranges at close quarters from a lofty perch in the fort. The spark grew “I told you it is a pain, a sort of desire into a tiny flame. Then, it became a which I have tried to control, but have consuming passion. failed.”

She turned back to her bedroom, mumbling, “Tell me, Ma, if it is in my power to remove “I will ask him when he proposes to capture this pain, I will certainly take immediate Sinhgad. I can’t wait. I am impatient. I action.” want to be back in Sinhgad.” “I hesitate to tell you. I wonder whether I Shivaji rushed in, like a springing tiger, and should ask you to carry out my wish. It is threw himself at her feet. Jija Bai bent better to stifle this desire, to allow it to low, lifted him and hugged him fester and dry up within my soul than affectionately. confide in you and ask you to undertake another risky mission.” She examined his dust-covered clothes, his glossy flowing beard, his radiant, alert, “Ma, I will undertake any project you have dynamic eyes. She patted him, gently, in mind. Please tell me, Ma. Please.” called for a servant to bring sherbat for Shivaji. The bearer came in, carrying a bowl full of oranges and a tray on which rested two The mother and the son sat on an ornate glistening glasses, filled with sweetened carpet. sherbat. The bearer bent low, placed the bowl and the tray on the carpet and “I am indeed glad to see you, Shivaj. I retreated. have been waiting for you.” Jija Bai picked up an orange, peeled the “Ma, I came rushing as soon as I got your skin, removed the seeds from the core and message. What is your command, Ma, ? I VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 171 SHIVAJI IN STORIES pushed one of the juicy bits into Shivaji’s hoped that you would plan an assault and mouth. She fed him till he said, “Enough, regain control over the fort. Instead, you Ma.” sit by my side, detailing the odds. I don’t care about the odds. I want Sinhgad to “Drink this,” Jija Bai picked up the glass be recovered. The Moghuls have to be full of sherbat and held it to his lips. He driven out. I want to return to Sinhgad, sipped the drink slowly, enjoying its sweet to live in the bosom of the Sahyadri Ranges, taste and pleasant fragrance. to roam around the fort freely, proud of its “Thank you, Ma. Now, let us get back to heritage, happy to hold it on as the centre that pain in your heart, the pain which I of Marathas power.” think I can remove.” “Ma, I will do anything that you want. I “Shiva, I have been brooding over the would rather die than fail you.” glorious days we spent at Sinhgad. Oh, it “Victory will be yours, Shiva. There is no seems as if it was only a few days back doubt in my mind. Perhaps, this desire that we were there, enjoying its which germinated in me has been due to surroundings, admiring its strength and some hidden plan of Goddess Bhavani. impregnability. Ah, five years have slipped Perhaps, the time has come to regain the by since you handed the fort to the fort. Otherwise, why should I be possessed Moghuls. At that time, you promised to by such a craze after a lapse of five years capture it for the Marathas at the earliest ?” opportunity. When do you propose to take action ? When can I live again in that fort Shivaji was walking up and down the ornate, ?” well-kept room, like a caged tiger. He did not glance at the paintings hung on the “Ma, you know the dangers inherent in an wall. He had no eyes for the rare assault on Sinhgad ?” sculptures which adorned the mantel-piece. “Yes.” The vicker lamps, moulded out of brass, with lissome dames etched on the surfaces, “It’s almost inaccessible. The fort can be did not attract him. He cast eager looks approached only by climbing up an almost at the open door, often mumbling to himself, vertical, rocky wall of over forty feet. Even “Ah, if only Tanaji comes soon! He is the the approach to the rocky wall is through man for the job !” dangerous, slippery paths. The fortification is very solid and strong. It would be a Shivaji heard foot-steps. He turned very risky mission. Do you want me to towards the door and saw the tall, lithe take an attempt, Ma?” figure of Tanaji Malusare. Shivaji rushed forward while Tanaji came forward, fell flat “That’s rather strange, Shiva. I thought at Shivaji’s feet and waited till Shivaji bent you would immediately see my point of low and lifted him up with affection. view, my desire. I imagined that you would be as keen as I am to recover the fort. I VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 172 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Please be seated,” Shivaji pointed to a “My Lord, I shine only in reflected glory, sofa. Shivaji slumped into the sofa. Tanaji You are the inspirer of our courage, the sat by his side. light that makes us glow. Your inspiring leadership has converted ordinary mortals “I am sorry, Tanaji, to send for you. I into heroes !” know you were in the midst of arrangements for the marriage of your son. “Tanaji, when do you think you can I apologise.” complete the necessary preparations for the assault ? What do you think would be “My Lord, I belong to you, body and soul. the suitable time to initiate the move ? You have raised the Marathas from slavery, How many men would you require to carry given them their individuality, showed them out the plan successfully ? I leave these the path of freedom. You have lifted us things to you. You shall be the master of from the abyss of discord and in-fights, the entire show.” led us bravely, established the mighty Maratha regime which is bound to last “Thank you, my Lord, for this expression forever. We are your vassals for life. You of supreme confidence. May God give me can call me or any other Maratha warrior strength to prove myself worthy of your at any time. We are all yours to command.” trust.”

“It is because of men like you that I could “Jai Bhavani !” achieve all these successes. In the final Tanaji decided to launch the assault on a analysis, a leader is judged by the men new moon night. He wanted to crawl to who follow him. I am proud to be the leader the foot of the fort under cover of darkness of such a dedicated band of men.” and to make a surprise attack. He collected “What are your orders, my Lord?” a band of a thousand young, bold dare- devils to take part in the campaign. He “I have decided that we should capture was ably supported by his brother Suryaji. Sinhgad. I want you to lead the assault party.” All the arrangements were completed in time. Addressing the men, Tanaji said, “We “I am happy you have selected me for this will be victorious. Goddess Bhavani is with task. I will capture Sinhgad for the us. I have been told that Udhai Khan, the Marathas, even if I die in the attempt.” trusted General of Aurangazeb, who is in “You know it is a very risky operation ?” charge of the fort, has been leading a very easy life. Five years of indolence at Sinhgad “Yes, But, it is a task that has to be has sapped the fighting quality of the undertaken. The risks only make the task Moghul force. Lethargy and indifference, worthy of our efforts.” the craze to have the best of a smooth “You are a lion among men. How much I and care-free life fill them. They believe admire your courage !” that the Marathas have no interntion to attack Sinhgad. This belief is what makes our task easy. We will take them by VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 173 SHIVAJI IN STORIES surprise. We will prove our might. We will ropes and also by taking wild swings. The have an easy time over men who have ghorpads held on. been enjoying women and wine for five The party split into groups. Like monkeys years, men who have allowed their swords ambling up, the Marathas climbed up the to rust, their muscles to rot !” steep wall with the help of the ropes. “Jai Bhavani” the warriors shouted. The Three hundred men, including Tanaji, cry echoed through the hills and dates. managed to get on top of the ramparts of The party moved under cover of darkness. the fort. Others were moving up the ropes The rugged mountainous terrain did not to join their leader when a Moghul sentry deter them. Most of them had been born heard the sound of foot-steps. He shouted in the area. They had taken to mountain to his comrades. A few more frightened climbing at a very young age. They knew sentries rushed ahead with lighted torches. every bend and turn in the Sahyadri Ranges. Then, they got the shock of their lives. They knew its mood and caprices. They They saw several armed men moving along had seen how a slim, shallow, mountain the rampart of the fort. stream could suddenly leave its docility, One sentry rushed up to Udhan Khan, with swell with swirling, fast moving current the news that the Marathas had launched which could take in its sweep even giant an attack, that some of them had climbed elephants. They had seen paths being up the parapet wall of the fort. Udhai wiped out of existence by sudden land Khan was drunk. He was in the midst of slides. They knew the mountain inside out. his mid-night orgies. Beautiful damsels in The thick vegetation around the fort helped all states of dress and undress danced them to reach the foot of the fort without around him, taking sips of wine. Udhai Khan rousing any suspicion. It was pitch dark, turned to the informer and shouted, “Off except for a few owls, daring the darkness, with you, fool. It can’t be true. The raising their weird cries. There was no Marathas could not have climbed up the sound to disturb the eeriness and frigidity wall of the fort. No human being has ever of the scene. done it. Your story lacks sense.”

Tanaji poised hismen at the foot of the ‘By Allah, I promise. The Marathas are fort. He directed a group of men who had here ! mastered the art of handling ghorpads to ‘You will pay heavily if it is false ! get into action. These men tied giant ropes round the ghorpads and flung the animals ‘It is true, I swear ! against the sheer straight rocky wall. The Udhai Khan broke himself off from the ghorpads stuck against the wall, built up a company of the dames. He rushed to the vacuum and clung on to the wall with toilet and washed his face with cold water. tenacity. The warriors tested the strength This dispelled his grogginess. He felt a bit of the ghorpads’ hold by tugging at the more alert. He rushed back to his room, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 174 SHIVAJI IN STORIES slipped into martial uniform, grabbed his himself losing ground. Udhai Khan made a sharp sword and ran out, followed by his reckless charge which gave him a chance men who had been alerted by then. to strike at Tanaji. With a mighty blow, Udhai Khan felled Tanaji. Udhai Khan heard, in the distance, the clang of steel hitting against steel. He heard Suryaji immediately assumed command over now the cries of “HAR HAR MAHADEV” the Marathas. He egged them on, saying mixed with ALLAH-HO-. He turned that they should not retract, that victory to his men and said, ‘We have been caught was round the corner, that Tanaji’s death napping. The Marathas have attacked us. was not in vain. The Maratha war-cry But, we will teach the Maratha dogs a filled the air. lesson, which they will never forget. The Suryaji picked out the tired Udhai Khan cheek of the fellows who dare to pit closed in on him and killed him in combat. themselves against the might of the Moghul The death of Udhai Khan marked the end Ruler ! of Moghul resistance. They surrendered The Moghul forces, now swelling in numbers, meekly. fell on the few Marathas who had entered On receipt of the news of the capture, the fort. The war cries of the two parties Shivaji conveyed the news to his mother filled the air. The Marathas had an and rode to Sinhgad to congratulate his advantage. They knew the size and men. On arrival at Sinhgad, he heard of strength of the Moghul contingent Tanaji’s death. Shivaji was caught in stationed at the fort. But, the Moghuls conflicting feelings, joy at the capture of did not know the composition and strength the fort, grief at the death of Tanaji. of the Maratha party. Shivaji stood at the rampart of the fort, Udhai Khan fought like an enraged lion. He immersed in thoughts. He mumbled, “I have was here, there and everywhere. He got the fort, but lost the lion,” and strode goaded his men to give of their best. He off, a cloud of pain covering his mien. noted Tanaji Malusare. Then, his eyes gleamed with rage. He decided to isolate Tanaji, to kill him. The death of Tanaji, Udhai Khan felt, would leave the Marathas leaderless, make them surrender.

The two came to close grips. They wielded there swords and shields with exceptional skill. They matched thrust for thrust, parried the opponent’s sudden moves, waiting for each other to make a false move, to expose his flanks. Udhai Khan was almost at the end of his tether when Tanaji pressed home his advantage. Finding VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 175 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE MAGIC LEAD OF SHIVAJI

conquest of Baglan roused him to a sense ALHER lies on the border of of the grave situation. Khandesh and Gujarat. It was a Spost of the utmost strategic In November 1670, he sent Mahabat Khan importance, for the possession of which a to the supreme command of the Deccan ; bitter conflict unprecedented in all Shivaji’s another competent general Bahadur Khan life ensued, and several bloody battles were was ordered from Gujarat as an additional fought with heavy losses on both sides, support. Daud Khan and Diler Khan were proving thereby that Shivaji and his men already there. The Emperor often talked never shirked open fights when it was of proceedings to the Deccan himself, but considered necessary. As Shivaji was if his intention was really serious, it did returning from the plunder of Karanja, he not materialise, possibly owing to a want was joined by a column under Moropant of nerve to face Shivaji personally. Many and the united division besieged the fort renowned Rajput officers were also posted of Salher and captured it on 5th January, to Deccan. Mahabat Khan Jatwant Singh, 1671 after a short but desperate defence Daud Khan and others all assembled at by Fathulla Khan, its Mughal commander. Aurangabad in January 1671, paid their The Mughal Government tried strenuously respects to Prince Muajjam, and fully for a year to retake the place, when several deliberated upon measures for restraining memorable actions took place between the Shivaji. But, as may be imagined, matters two contending parties. are not necessarily improved by many worthy men being brought together. The During the monsoon months of 1671, the probability is that such wise heads differ Mughals encamped at Parner, where the radically and spoil the result, making the various commanders held daily confusion worse still. They had mutual entertainments such as music and dancing jealousies which prevented co-ordination which they all attended and made merry and concerted action. when their soldiers were dying in numbers through pestilence in the camp. Four The Emperor suspecting Mahabat Khan of hundred dancing girls from the Punjab and a secret understanding with Shivaji, Afghanistan lived in the Mughal camp and recalled him from Deccan and appointed were patronized by the officers. Bahadur Khan and Diler Khan to that Government. They rapidly came from Surat Confusion reigned in the Mughal while Mahabat Khan was still in charge and Government of the Deccan and this soon laid siege to Salher which was now in attracted Aurangazeb’s attention. The Maratha hands. In order to cripple Shivaji second sack of Surat and the Maratha still further, Bahadur Khan and Daud Khan VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 176 SHIVAJI IN STORIES left the conduct of the siege to Ikhlas Khan with countless numbers of horses, and themselves made a detour upon Poona elephants and camels. Rivers of blood with a view to stopping Maratha succour flowed on the battle ground. The Marathas proceeding to Salher. Bahadur Khan acquired by way of plunder six thousand advanced towards Supe and horses, as many camels, one Diler Khan came upon Poona in hundred and twenty-five December 1671. The latter elephants, and all the camp massacred a large number of baggage of the Mughals with innocent inhabitants of the treasure and jewellry.” This place but Shivaji was equal to phenomenal victory was mainly the occasion. Pratap Rao due to the strategy and valour Gujar, Anand Rao Makaji, of Shivaji’s Peshwa, of whom a Moropant Pingle and other contemporary poet sang : commanders of Shivaji played “The valley of Poona echo the such havoc in Khandesh upon name of Shivaji. the small Mughal forces of Ikhlas Khan that Bahadur Khan There roams his dauntless and Diler Khan had to retreat Peshwa, precipitately from the vicinity He slaughtered the Mughals of of Poona and hurry back to the Salher north. Thereafter, an obstinate and sanguinary battle took Just as Arjuna slaughtered the place before Salher in the first Kauravas of yore.” week of February 1672, in The fight of Salher was an which the Mughals were open action by Shivaji’s men completely routed. Ikhlas Khan opposing the best-equipped and some thirty principal and most ably-led Mughal Mughal officers were wounded armies, by no means partaking and captured and several of the nature of guerilla thousand soldiers were slain. warfare. The disaster to the Moropant recaptured both Mughal arms led to the disgrace Salher and , took prompt of Mahabat Khan at the hands and ample measures for their of the Emperor, just in the same future defence and returned to way as Jai Singh five years report the success to his before him had suffered. He master. was transferred to Afghanistan Says Sabhasad, “One Surya and died on the way thither, Rao Kakde, Shivaji’s companion in arms from having served the Empire long and childhood lost his life. More than ten faithfully. thousand men were slain on the two sides VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 177 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Sabhasad paints a glowing picture of the vented his wrath in bitterest terms in a battle of Salher : “Maratha captains and letter to Diler Khan and others. the Mavali troops overcame the most “Why did you not die on the battle-field to renowned Mughal commanders. The news avoid this disgrace to your master ? Why rejoiced Shivaji’s heart. He rewarded the do you live and report to me this dismal messengers who brought the news with news ? You very well know how Adil Shah, gold bracelets and wristlets. Sweets were Kutub Shah, the Portuguese, and the Siddis widely distributed. Diler Khan saved his all court our favour and express an earnest life in a fight. A large number of the Mughal desire to join our standard. If you had wounded and captives fell into Shivaji’s made such a common cause with all these hands. They were properly nursed and and hunted Shivaji down from all sides, he were released with presents after their could have been easily brought to his wounds had been treated. Some willingly knees.” But things are easier said than accepted Shivaji’s service.” Thus Shivaji done ! in a few years not only recovered his former position but became a match for the best In reply to these taunts, Bahadur Khan and generals and administrators of the Mughal Diler Khan rendered a piquant reply to the Empire. His officers and men were so well Emperor, saying that : “If the Emperor trained that they could exhibit skill and remembered that this same Shivaji had initiative in every difficult situation. How before so cleverly managed to effect his one earnest leader can change the escape in a strange manner from the character of a whole nation and attain a strictest Imperial custody at Agra, our own swift rise to prosperity, is well exemplified offence would not appear after all so very in this military organization of Shivaji. blame-worthy.”

An illustration of this national change was Writes Sabhasad, “The news (of the Mughal also furnished by the fort of Kanhergad defeat before Salher) reached the Emperor near Chandwad, where Shivaji had and grieved him sorely. He did not make appointed one Ramaji Panger as the keeper. his public appearance for three days, The small but select band of 600 men faced saying, ‘It seems God Almighty is pleased terrible odds fighting with all their might, to deprive the Muslims of their empire and until nearly all the defenders were wounded bestow it upon an infidel. Why ? I should and disabled, but they succeeded in turning rather die than live to see such results’.” the enemy back with discomfiture. Such a spirit of service and sacrifice quickly permeated the whole Maratha nation at the magic lead of Shivaji. The terrible rout and the consequent debacle of the Mughal forces before Salher drove Aurangaze to an extreme measure of reproach. He thus VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 178 SHIVAJI IN STORIES BACK TO BURHANPUR

confrontation and sue for peace from a URANGAZEB paced up and down. hide-out. Shame !” Reports came from Deccan, Aabout the rapid rise of Shivaji’s “So he is waiting for a hot reception ?” power and influence. He read and re-read Shivaji said with a smile as he read the the reports and finally called the Grand haughty and biting reply to his peace Vazir, Mohammed Jaffer. “Is there no one proposal. Then he called his two famous among us who can catch this mountain generals. Sardar Pratap Rao, and Sheikh rat ?” he demanded. Ibrahim, and gave them the order “Welcome the Khan with a force of forty thousand.” “If it please your majesty”, the Vazir replied, “I think my son Namdar Khan can do the Meanwhile Namdar Khan made further job …..” advance without resistance and reached Pen. From there he wrote a letter to the Namdar Khan was called and ordered, “You Mughal Emperor, “By the grace of Allah, I are to be in the van-guard of the campaign have conquered Shivaji’s territory up to to be launched against Shivaji by Shaista Pen. It would not be long before I catch Khan …..” the mountain rat himself.” The spirited Khan proudly stroked his beard Resting at Pen, the young Khan reclined in at receiving so important assignment. his shamiana, dreaming of the honours that With a large force, and with the larger the Emperor would shower on him when he ambition of capturing Shivaji and returned a triumphant hero. Suddenly…… conquering his kingdom, he crossed the “Hara Hara Maha Dev” echoed through Moghul border near Burhanpur and entered the near-by hills. This was the unexpected Maratha territory. war-cry of forty thousand Marathas. When the news reached Shivaji he did not Springing up in dismay, Namdar Khan wish to indulge in war and sent an overture ordered his army to march towards the for peace. Disdainfully setting aside the hills. The two armies met in the mountain peace proposal the young Khan replied : of Pen. A fierce battle raged for weeks “I am under Emperor’s order. At his without respite. Handicapped by the command I am strolling about in your unfamiliar and rugged mountain terrain, the kingdom. But you, our host, are in hiding. Khan lost thousands of men. Ultimately, Is it not your duty to receive a guest ?” Khan shorn of his pride, gave the order You have so many strong mountain forts “Retreat to Burhampur.” and a disciplined army. Yet you avoid VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 179 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

As the camp was being wound up, an un- A HUNDRED known person suddenly appeared before the Khan, a sealed letter in hand. As the GOLD COINS Khan shared at the stranger, the man delivered the letter and vanished as elusively as he had appeared. The Khan N a Shiva temple in the precincts looked at the seal and his eyes opened of Burhanpur, Keshav Shastri, a wide. The letter was from Shivaji ! Idevout Brahmin, knelt before the idol in tears. His lips moved in a half-audible With unsteady hands the Khan opened the prayer, in the dimly-lit gloom of night in letter and read. “Khan Sahib, you entered the temple. The silence of the night was my country as a guest and searched for intermittently broken by his sobs. the host. You met the host in the mountains of Pen and, I hope, you received all the “Oh God, my God,” he sobbed, “are you hospitality we reserve for guests like you. really nothing more than stone ? Is not Do you think you are the first Mughal my devotion to you worth even a hundred general to report back that you have gold pieces ? I’ve never coveted wealth conquered Maratha country and are about but is my son to die because I do not have to capture Shivaji ? For three years well- a hundred mohurs ? Only the Hakim has known Mughal generals coming before you the remedy to save my son but he insists have reported the same thing. I feel sorry on a fee of a hundred mohurs. Take my for your Emperor. How long is he going to life, oh God, but spare my son.” suffer from such false reports? May truth The deep sobs died into a whimper of be with you - truth as you saw it at Pen.” agony, as through sheer grief the learned In a very small voice the young, once vain and devout Brahmin lapsed into silence. Khan repeated his order to his depleted Suddenly, there was some noise in the army - “Back to Burhanpur.” darkness and some voices at the outer door of the temple.

“Maharaj, you must rest here for the night.”

Somebody was urging somebody else. Then another voice spoke. “Hiroji, do you know that this is Burhanpur, a stronghold of Mughal power in the south ?”

“But, Maharaj, you are burning with fever. We can’t proceed, with you in such a condition. The best chance of escape is for you to get some rest and regain strength.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 180 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Rooted to the ground like a statue, Keshav For three days, he had been coming home Shastri listened to the whispered dialogue. with the gloom of despair in his eyes, as He also heard the groan of a man in agony his son lay dying for lack of medicine. Every and in a flash he understood ! day his wife would look into his eyes for an answer to an unspoken question and would Only the other day he had heard a public find the same answer. No money, no proclamation by the Subedar - “Shivaji, the medicine. Maratha King, has escaped from Agra. Any one tracing his whereabouts and handing But today there was something in the him over will receive a handsome prize.” Brahmin’s eyes that made the woman look hard. And now Maharaj and Hiroji ! Those names In a breathless whisper could mean only one the Brahmin told the story. thing, that a large prize At the end the Brahmin was now in his hands, said, “I’m going to the that his son would not die Subedar straightway. for lack of medicine. There is no time to lose, Silently the Brahmin got Our son must be saved.” up and stole away The young girl listened in without being seen by silence. the new-comers. She looked at her dying At home Keshav Shastri’s husband and her heart wife sat by her son’s filled with love. This man, side, who lay in a coma who lay on his death bed, brought on by high fever. was her very life. And At the feet of the sick now he was going to live. man sat a girl, his young But how ? By means of wife. gold received as a reward With her tear-filled eyes the older woman for betraying Shivaji. looked at the girl and thought, “Poor girl ! Shivaji ! At the thought of that name some A mere lass of fifteen, but how devoted to wild scenes raced before her mind’s eye. her husband. I don’t know what would The other day the Mughal had destroyed happen to her if anything happens to my Krishna Mandir. Then her friend Lakshmi son.” had been cruelly abducted in broad day- The girl sat still, her sad eyes showering light. And Shivaji was fighting against such love on the dying man. people.

The door creaked, and Keshav Shastri Now he might be caught, tortured or killed. came in. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 181 SHIVAJI IN STORIES No ! Shivaji must be saved ! His life was the life of the nation. Her husband’s life was of importance only to her.

For a long moment a tempest raged in her heart. Then she jumped up and made for the door. Her father-in-law may be already on the way to the temple with the Subedar’s soldiers. There was not a moment to lose if she was to warn Shivaji before it was too late.

Like one possessed, she ran through the dark night towards the temple.

Shivaji’s eyes grew moist as he heard the girl-s frantic story. Here was a young girl sacrificing her husband and her father-in- law for his sake, otherwise a good man, he was forced to betray him for a hundred gold coins.

By the time the Brahmin came to the temple it was empty.

“What !” he exclaimed in disbelief. Then overwhelmed with grief, he stuck his head at the foot of the idol and there was a tinkling noise !

He groped and held up something. It was a satchel containing a hundred gold coins. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 182 SHIVAJI IN STORIES CHATRASAL BUNDELA

UNDEL KHAND was as famous for help him. Mirza Raja was about to leave its invaluable diamond mines, as on an expedition to Deccan. Chatrasal had Bit was for its brilliant warriors, each heard about Shivaji, who was then one of them better than the other. Like struggling against and harassing the the magnificent stones that contributed Moghuls. Mirza Raja had been deputed to towards the embellishments of the Moghul restrain Shivaji’s efforts and reinstate all court, these brilliant men also excelled in that was lost to him. Chatrasal was also their service to the Moghuls, Indraman attracted by Shivaji’s chivalrous deeds, but Bundela, Shyam Singh Bundela, decided for the time being to seek service Shubhakaran Bundela, and many more like under Mirza Raja Jai Singh. He met Mirza them proved their valour on countless occasions.

It was a Bundela, Champat Rai by name, who helped Aurangazeb in his treacherous ascent to the Delhi throne, and as such enjoyed the imperial patronage for quite sometime.

The favours of a king never last long. Champat Rai fell out of favour with Aurangazeb and was subjected to much hardship and humility. He still served the Emperor faithfully and died fighting for him. Raja who was much pleased to welcome His wife ended her life when she learnt of him, he being the son of Champat Rai. her husband’s death, leaving their five Mirza Raja absorbed him in his army quite young sons to fend for themselves. The willingly. eldest was about fourteen years old, the The young lad had taken part in the next Chatrasal, about eleven and the other Deccan campaign, and proved his mettle. three were younger still. Chatrasal was Raja Jai Singh was pleased and handed him the most intelligent, and shrewd, and it over to Diler Khan. was he who took up the challenge. When Diler Khan, who hated Prince After four years, while still an adolescent, Muazzam, launched an attack on Deogarh, young Chatrasal was in search of an the battle was won mainly due to the valour opening for his future career. He had in of this brave lad, then only seventeen. mind Mirza Raja Jai Singh as one who could VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 183 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Diler Khan proudly announced his victory using a shaky wooden raft, and at last to Aurangazeb. He was given a rousing reached Poona. welcome at Delhi and was richly rewarded. Shivaji gave the young man a warm and But neither Auragazeb nor Diler Khan had friendly welcome. Chatrasal opened his even a single word of praise for Chatrasal, heart to Shivaji, whose constant battles who was the real hero of the whole against alien rule guided and shaped his campaign. own thoughts and desires. “I no longer Young Chatrasal felt very bitter. The insult wish to be a slave, at the mercy of these sank deep into his heart. Bitterness and alien rulers. You are fighting to shake off frustration racked his mind. “This Moghul these shackles, and I shall feel honoured, had shown no recognition to my father, if my past is forgotten and forgiven and a who helped him to ascend the throne. MY chance is offered to me to serve in your father died in humiliation and my mother in army,” he concluded. misery. And now it looks as if it is my turn Shivaji appreciated the sincerity and to serve him and suffer the same treatment. determination of the young man. He was Even if one day I win his favour, what would also very sympathetic towards Chatrasal. it amount to ? Shackles of glittering gold ! But Chatrasal was a Prince in his own right I, a Hindu Prince, am fighting my own and Shivaji was reluctant to offer him brethren to wear those shackles. What a “employment” in his army. shame !” Thus he brooded long over the prospect. “You go to Bundel Khand and liberate your motherland from the yokes of foreign rule. His mind turned to Shivaji. He longed to You ought to have your own kingdom. It meet him as early as possible, and offer is not meet that you, a prince, should serve his services in the fight for his motherland. under me. Serve the motherland by He was determined to fight against strengthening your province. Defy alien Aurangazeb and avenge the death of his rule whenever an opportunity arises. In father who suffered in the imperial service. carrying out your duty, if you are killed, The opportunity came to Chatrasal to you shall receive the grace of God. If you escape from the Mughal army and join survive and win over the enemies, you will Shivaji when Diler Khan was camping in the have the delight and freedom of ruling over north, still waging war against the Prince. your own territory. You are brave, you When Shivaji looted Surat, Aurangazeb are full of valour, you have intelligence. I ordered Diler Khan to rout Shivaji’s army, am sure that you will be enthroned one and the Mughal army came to Deccan and day. Chatrasal ! if I keep you here for camped there ; Chatrasal got out one day service under me, all the credit will come on the pretext of hunting, and, in the to me. You will get nothing of it. That is company of a few trusted friends, he why I ask you to go. Defy and drive out trekked the treacherous jungles and the enemy, and the news of your success crossed river Bhima which as in full spate shall be music to my ears.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 184 SHIVAJI IN STORIES That was Shivaji’s reply, a reply worthy of BUSINESS IS a king and worthy of the ears of a Prince. Chatrasal was at once deeply moved and BUSINESS highly inspired by those words. His own vague notions of his future were now given a definite shape. Accepting his duty as a ITH his eyes closed and his divine gift, he left the camp to establish hands folded in all humility, his own rule at Bundel Khand. WShivaji Maharaj sat still before Before Chatrasal left the camp Shivaji held the idol of Shri Parashurama. Silently he a Darbar in his honour. Then in the prayed for the welfare of the Kingdom that presence of a distinguished gathering was extending its borders from day to day Shivaji took out his own sword and by Divine grace. presented it to the Bundela prince with With the ignominious retreat of Karthalab the words, “Accept this symbol of our Khan, Shivaji had himself set out an friendship. May you use it for securing February 2, 1661 for a lightning strike at freedom……..” the Bijapur territories in Konkan. A force of four thousand mounted Mavalis galloped after him.

A halt on the way was at Dabhol.

“Now my days are numbered,” the local “Is there a greater hero, a Jagirdar, Yeshwant Rao Dalvi thought in greater saint, a greater bhakta panic. He had participated in the Muslim and a greater king than Shivaji? siege of Vishalgarh as an employee of Siddi Shivaji was the very embodi- Johar. ment of a born ruler of men as “Give me refuge,” he had beseeched Surya typified in our great Epics. He Rao Surve, the Jagirdar of Shringarpur. was the type of the real son of “We’ll together fight him,” Surya Rao India representing the true con- assured him. sciousness of the nation. It was he who showed what the future But Shivaji had no time for such small fry. of India is going to be sooner or Leaving a force of two thousand in Dabhol, later, a group of independent just as a warning, he went on to Chiplun, units under one umbrella as it in Konkan. were, under one supreme impe- And now he was sitting in this holy temple rial suzerainty.” of Chiplun on the banks of the sacred river, - Swami Vivekananda Vashishti.

The whole town wore a festive look. For the first time a king and his army had come, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 185 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the town, and you are to present yourself not to defile and destroy a temple but to before him immediately. worship there. With folded hands the businessmen stood Shivaji had come to this holy place to seek before Shivaji and he said, “You are sons divine grace for his mission but an angry of the soil, and my mission is the welfare thought kept disturbing the peace of his of our country. So I expect financial help mind. Looking towards the horizon he softly from you. I won’t say how much I want. I but grimly said to himself, “Not far from leave that to you.” here is Rajapur, the trading post of the Firangi from Vilayat. It was their big gun There was no threat and the Sahukars gave willing promises.

Shortly after, huge amounts of gold, precious stones and money were delivered at the camp.

But the more important purpose of the visit to Rajapur was yet to be fulfilled - and Shivaji’s eyes grew hard as he thought of it. Calling his officers he gave the order, “Go into the city, arrest every British officer and bring them to me in hand-cuffs. Then loot their godowns. All the wealth belongs to this country, not that had been used against me in Siddi’s to these alien businessmen. After you clean siege of Panhalgarh. By the side of the up the godowns, raze the walls to the gun had fluttered Firangi’s flag.” ground and dig up the floors to the depth of a man’s height to make sure that nothing Now the day of reckoning had come. remains hidden, - go.” Shivaji gave a brief order : “On to Rajapur.” The officers beckoned to their men, and It was enough. Jumping on to their steeds the force entered the city, every man his men sped in the direction of the British wearing a look of grim determination. post to teach the Firangi a lesson. When the soldiers returned, they had The next day, as if out of the blue, a small accomplished their appointed task so band of armed Marathas appeared at the thoroughly that the list of wealth obtained, gate of the mansion of every local still available in historical records, is too businessman and money-lender in Rajapur. long even to read at one stretch.

It was a summons : “Shivaji Maharaj has On March 15, 1661, two long caravans of come. He is camping on the outskirts of horses and bullocks wended their way out VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 186 SHIVAJI IN STORIES of Rajapur with their fabulous loads, headed In resignation, she gave the order, “Prepare for two different forts under Shivaji’s for my pilgrimage to Mecca. I might not instruction. This was just 24 days after return.” the large-scale surrender of arms and From the windows of the dungeons of the armament by Kartalab Khan in Umbarkhind two forts, Vasota and Sangarh, Shivaji’s Pass. British prisoners from the raid on Rajapur It was also in this expedition that Shivaji stared out into the distance, as if trying found a really precious jewel, a young bright to find the answer to their fate. When boy by name Balaji Avji Chitre, who later would Andrews, the President of their Company, stationed at Surat, get them released ? Will they be released at all ?

One of these prisoners was Henry Revington, an officer in charge of the Rajapur trading post who had, on his own responsibility, taken the British gun to Panhalagarh to help Siddi’s siege of Shjivaji and had personally given the order to fire it.

Revington sat on a bench in his cell, gloomily thinking of the many letters he had written to his President beseeching him to secure the release of the British prisoners.

On June 10, 1661 he wrote in desperation, “Sir, two of my assistants, Richard Napier and Samuel Bernard, have already died in jail at Rajapur and I too, it seems, may meet my end here behind the bars. So for God’s sake do something.” became famous as Shivaji’s letter-writer and a living embodiment of complete The President folded the letter and opened dedication to Swarajya. another. After many letters he had written to Shivaji requesting the release of his “Even the Firangi post at Rajapur could countrymen, he had received this curt not withstand his onslaught,” Badi message from Shivaji’s emissary, Somnath: Saheban, the domineering mother of the Bijapur Sultan and the power behind the “The release would depend upon your throne, exclaimed in disbelief. “This is really making up our losses during the siege of the end for us.” Panhalgarh and your completing the talks our emissary Daroji was having with you VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 187 SHIVAJI IN STORIES before the siege of Panhalgarh, in which “But, in a way, are you not yourselves we had asked for the help of your big guns responsible for your hardships ? Your duty and ammunition against Siddi of Janjira.” was to safeguard the goods of the Company, and had you been imprisoned Again Andrews wrote replies, but there was while discharging this duty, the no word of making up Shivaji’s losses or of responsibility of the consequences could helping him against Siddi. have been ours. Shivaji read the letters and calmly ignored “But you have been punished by Shivaji them. for taking our gun to Panhalgarh on your Then one day a guard came in and said, own initiative and firing it on his fort under “Maharaj, Henry Revington requests an the Union Jack. Had there been somebody audience.” else in Shivaji’s place, he too would have done the same thing in revenge. “Bring him in.” “Is it the job of a trader to sell ammunition Revington slowly came in and bowed. Then or go and fire the guns himself ? And this he said, “Sir, you can see that I am ill. was done when Revington knew about the Still, as a last effort to secure my release talks we previously had with Shivaji. Clearly and the release of my fellow countrymen, you transgressed into his territory and I would like to be freed on parole, so that I committed an indiscretion and you are could go to Surat and try to persuade my suffering for it.” officers to agree to your demands. I give you my word of honour that I shall return.” At last, on February 15, 1663, Shivaji ordered the release. Just a moment’s thought and Shivaji said, “Permission granted.” Thankfully, the Englishmen stood before him in a row and bowed low. Only a few days later Shivaji received a message, “Revington’s efforts proved futile, Shivaji gave a brief, simple warning for and now he has died of his illness.” them, “Go and tell your superiors never to forget one thing : we rule here. The Again the remaining prisoners wrote letter Firangi’s business is business and he must after letter to Andrews, and Andrews wrote stick to it !” letter after letter to Shivaji.

Ultimately, exhausted with the unending correspondence, Andrews wrote to the Prisoners themselves :

“I keep receiving letters from all of you. We too keep writing letters to Shivaji Maharaj, but he does not reply to a single one. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 188 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

SOLDIER PAYS FOR HIS PITY

OR the last twenty-five years the and men of Deccan. He was the leader of same story had been repeated the Pathans, and his loyalty to Adil Shah Fmonotonously. Fort after fort had was well known. Now, he listened to fallen. The Adil Shahi Sultanate was on Khavas Khan, the Prime Minister, very its way out, and of this Khavas Khan was patiently. After his speech was over, all sure. Who was to be blamed for all this ? the generals looked towards Bahlol Khan That wily Maratha called Shivaji ! Khavas and they said with one voice and heart, Khan fumed at the very thought of him. “Bahlol Khan is the best among us. The Sultanate of Adil Shah continues to exist Shivaji Maharaj was out to conquer Bijapur. because of him. Enemies have run away; Not only did he wish to put an end to Adi leaving their weapons at the mere sight of Shah, but it was also his aim to rub out him.” Thus they flattered Bahlol Khan. Mughal Shahi, Kutub Shahi, Siddi Shahi and Everyone including the Prime Minister, even the Portuguese from the map of India. Pleaded : “We are afraid that Shivaji will Shivaji kept on increasing the strength of wipe us out of existence. So we request his army and navy. you to help us in protecting our land. Kindly Khavas Khan invited all his generals one undertake an expedition that will check the day and said, “This young Badshah is to nefarious activities of this Maratha.” rule over you in years to come. Till then I The Khan was now longing to exhibit his wish to request you to keep the Sultanate might, and without wasting a second he from ruin.” prepared for the assault. He was The generals were in a quandary that presented with two elephants, four horses, Bhonsle was really on the verge of making costumes, and a number of weapons. Adil Shahi a part of his kingdom. They Bahlol Khan was now equipped to lead an could sense the inevitable. There were attack against Shivaji’s army. only handful of able men among them. Who He went about his job swiftly. He collected could accomplish this impossible feat ? his army. Renowned generals were his Yes, there was one who could match his assistants. He commanded an army that strength with the bravest and the was twelve thousand strong when he left hardiest. He was Abdul Karim Bahlol Khan, for the expedition. He came to Tikota at a Pathan. Long ago, he had migrated to first and then went to Umrani after two India and was absorbed by Adil Shah in his days. He had planned to collect a much service. At that moment he was a Subedar larger army. of Miraj and Panhala. There were two parties in the court of Adil Shah, Pathans, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 189 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji was at Panhala when he came to the Khan’s army. Pratap Rao decided to know that Bahlol Khan was coming with assume control of the pond and this was his huge army. He invited top men like not difficult. There were no guards at the Pratap Rao Gujar and Anand Rao, for pond, and so Hilal surrounded the pond confidential talks. immediately. Though the Khan’s water supply was blocked, he was totally ignorant. Maharaj asked, “How are we to oppose Bahlol Khan who is on his way with his Visaji, Baltal, Vithal Pides, were slowly massive army ?” closing in on the camp, from all directions. It was only when the Khan’s elephants were “If Maharaj tells us his plan, we are there taken to the pond that they were aware to execute it to the best of our ability,” all of their plight. Suddenly there was a cloud of them obediently replied. of dust and the Khan’s men saw a general “Bahlol Khan has come with an advance on horseback rushing towards them, party of a few thousand soldiers. He is followed by one thousand horsemen. The not very far from this place. We must general was none other than Pratap Rao tackle him at once so that he is not able Gujar. Khan’s soldiers were now in panic. to move.” Bahlol himself got his Patha regiment ready within a short time. Pathans were tall, Shivaji’s plan was to surround the Khan strong and disciplined soldiers, and the Khan and catch him unawares. Pratap Rao and was prepared for a fight. All of a sudden, others understood what Shivaji had in mind. the Marathas attacked. Siddi Hilal and his Maharaj entrusted the attack to Pratap five sons took part in the attack. A fierce Rao and said, “Bahlol Khan is longing for a battle ensued. fight. Do away with him.” Arrows darted past whistling through the Pratap Rao saluted Maharaj and left. He air. The battle continued for three long gathered an army of fifteen thousand hours. A huge tusker from the Khan’s army Mavalis along with experienced generals like became wild. He broke the noose with Vithal Pides Atre. Anand Rao Maharaj, which he was secured and rushed towards Krishnaji Bhaskar, Viso Ballal, Siddi Hilal, the Pathans. He caught them one by one Vithoji, Shide Dipaji, Rant Rao, and left for with his trunk and threw them away like Panhala. so many logs of wood. Many of them lost Pratap Rao reached Umrani. Khan knew their lives before Bahlol Khan’s mahouts nothing about Pratap Rao’s unexpected tried in vain to capture the elephant. move. Before he knew what was Vithoji Shinde, Vithal Pant, and other happening, he was completely surrounded. Maratha generals also rushed to get the Pratap Rao was quite aware of the prowess elephant. Bhaik Khan Tarin, a Pathan of the Khan. general, mounted an attack on the Marathas. Thus, there was a fierce battle It was summer, and there was only one for the elephant. Sidoji Nimbalkar pond in Umrani which supplied water to successfully captured the elephant and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 190 SHIVAJI IN STORIES brought him to side of the Marathas. The The Khan escaped because of Pratap Rao’s Marathas thus captured the best elephant generosity. The Pathan army went back. that Bahlol Khan possessed. Bahlol left that place, but the sting of his The Khan was bothered with the lack of defeat made him all the more vengeful. water. It was summer, the heat was Pratap Rao pardoned him, but he had unbearable and the Pathans were in the created a vicious enemy who would strike thick of the battle and they were thirsty. at any moment. Elephants and horses were dying of thirst. Maharaj was at Panhala then. He was Pratap Rao’s strategy had now worked. delighted to know that Pratap Rao had What could be done ? Bahlol Khan was defeated Bahlol Khan and captured his utterly helpless. He could not run away elephant. But when he came to know as his whole army was surrounded on all sides by Maratha army. The Khan himself was dying of thirst. He felt weak and miserable. There was only one way out. That was to surrender to Pratap Rao. The alternative was to get killed.

Finally, the Khan sent his envoy to Pratap Rao. The Khan surrendered. All his pride vanished. The envoy came to Pratap Rao and in a very apologetic tone he said, “We are not your enemies. But, we have to obey the orders of Badshah. Now that we that he had set Bahlol Khan free when he are among you, please do not take us to was so well trapped by Pratap Rao, Shivaji Shivaji.” was furious. How could Pratap Rao excuse Khan without consulting him ? Whom did The massive Pathan turned into a lamb, in he ask ? Why was the Khan not arrested the hold of a wolf. “I shall never fight with and brought before him ? Had he been Shivaji,” he went on repeating. And ……….. arrested, Pratap Rao would not have lost Pratap Rao pitied the Khan ! He thought any prestige. Now Shivaji was sure that he had proved the might of his sword in Bahlol Khan would nurture revenge like a such a way that the Khan would not again wounded serpent set free. He would dare attack any part of Swarajya. His heart destroy the land, the loot all the wealth ! was filled with pity and he decided that Pratap Rao had shown unwanted pity and Bahlol Khan should be freed. Whatever he was the commander-in-chief. Indeed, punishment he got was sufficient for him. he was fit only to be a soldier and not a He could never attempt any more commander ! expeditions against Shivaji. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 191 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Just when Pratap Rao was very happy in It was to restore his prestige after this the thought that he had defeated the setback in Karnatak that next month Pratap Pathasn, and made them look small before Rao was sent against Bahlol Khan, severely him, he received the letter from Maharaj. censuring him for his neglect in having let The questions posed by Maharaja jolted that Bijapuri general off instead of crushing him cruelly back to reality. “Why did you his power once for all, when he was at his entertain a conversation with him ? Why mercy at Umrani in April last. The Rajah did you not kill the Khan ? Or arrest him ? wrote to his general in anger, “Bahlol has Who permitted you to release him ? That, come again. Go with your army, destroy surely, was not part of Commander-in- him and win a dicisive victory. Otherwise, Chief’s responsibility.” never show your face to me again !”

Stung to the quick by this letter, Pratap Rao sought Bahlol out at Nesari, “in a narrow passage between two hills.” Smarting under his master’s censure, he threw generalship to the winds, and rushed upon the Bijapuri army, followed by only six horsemen. The rest of his soldiers hung back from the mad charge. The gallant seven were cut down by the swarm of foes, and much havoc was done among the Marathas who were Pratap Rao saw before him a very angry disheartened by the fall of their leader ; “a Maharaj, with eyes red and blood-shot. But river of blood flowed”. Shivaji greatly it was too late now to repent. A spent mourned the death of Pratap Rao and arrow could not be re-called. repeated for his angry letter. The dead general’s relatives and dependents were Whatever Maharaj had written was all true. well provided for, and his daughter was six Bahlol Khan remained in Kolhapur District years later married to Rajaram, the second and did not go back to Bijapur. He collected son of the king. more men and waited for a better opportunity. Anand Rao, a lieutenant of Pratap Rao, relied the disheartened army of his chief. Pratap Rao’s mind was full of anguish due Shiva appointed him to an independent to the grave mistake he had committed. command and ordered him to return alive He took it very ill that Maharaj had been without defeating the enemy. At this angered. He kept on listlessly plundering Anand Rao went off with the whole body Deccan plateau. of his cavalry far into Bijapur territory in VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 192 SHIVAJI IN STORIES search of Bahlol. Diler Khan, with the Mughal army, advanced promptly to the THE PRELUDE succour of his brother-Afghan, Bahlol Khan. But Anand Rao, not daring to fight the two such large forces, retreated towards Kanara, making forced marches of 45 miles a day. The two Khans, unable to overtake HE treatment accorded by the the mobile Marathas, gave up the pursuit Moghul Emperor to their and turned, Bahlol to Kolhapur and Diler uncrowned King angered and Khan to Panhala, whence, after a five-days’ T embittered the Marathas, and any chance halt with the intention of besieging it, he of compromise with the Moghuls was now fell back on his base. ruled out. It became evident that there Anand Rao, penetrating further into Kanara, was no way out except expulsion of alien robbed the Bazaar (peth) of Sampgaon, rule, and to this end they vowed their about 20 miles from Bankapur, in Bahlol’s services unto death. It was obvious that Jagir, capturing 150,000 hun worth of booty. alien rulers could not be trusted. They Thence he set out on return with 3,000 were just not in the habit of keeping their ox-loads of plunder. Bahlol and Khizr Khan, promises. So once again started the with 2,000 cavalry and many for soldiers, arduous task of annexing territories and tried to intercept him near Bankapur, but forts. With perseverance Shivaji set upon were defeated after a desperate battle and the task of recovering all the forts and put to flight with the loss of a brother of territories he yielded to the Moghuls under Khizr Khan. Anand Rao robbed the entire the terms of the treaty. With the seizure Bijapuri army, capturing 500 horses, 2 and possession of vast territories, the idea elephants, and much other prize. of now obtaining legal sanction for his possessions started taking shape. By virtue But the Bijapuris had their revenge of power and responsibility Shivaji was immediately afterwards. Bahlol Khan, already the uncrowned King of the newly- regarding the loss (of the elephants) as a conquered Maratha territory. His followers great disgrace to him, became desperate, and people already started referring to him attacked the robbers again, and being as Shivaji Maharaj. Convention demanded reinforced, secured such a victory that the that a son, whose duty was to be humble Marathas had to abandon 1,000 horses and before his parents, should not glorify himself were pursued for a long distance. It was more than his father. It was, therefore, not the Marathas policy to fight pitched only after Shahji’s death in 1664 that the battles during a raid. So, Anand Rao rapidly idea could be conceived of Shivaji being retreated with his booty to Shiva’s crowned as King of Maharashtra. dominions and left it there in safety. Ten years had now elapsed since Shahaji’s death and in 1674 preparations were made for his coronation. A King must be crowned VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 193 SHIVAJI IN STORIES by the people, and the coronation must at Raigad. The holy man was received have divine benediction. Therefore, with pomp and splendour, for he had contact was immediately made with Ram removed the great impediment which stood Das, the head priest of the Maratha in the way of a Shastraic coronation. Brahmins of Maharashtra. Ram Das was inclined to approve of the idea and Shivaji’s The astrologers of the court were mother also gave him her maternal summoned and asked to fix the time and blessings. But there were difficulties, and day most auspicious for the coronation, doubts began to be expressed about the and accordingly the coronation was fixed form the coronation should take. for the thirteenth day of the first half of Jesht of the same year. The corresponding It was agreed that the coronation should English date is given as June 6, 1674. be in accordance with the dictates of Hindu Shastras, and the insignia of Royalty be Preparations for the coronation were now bestowed on Shivaji at this formal and moving fast. They gathered momentum at religious function. But now that orthodoxy Raigad, which was to receive recognition and religion had come into a picture of great as the capital of Shivaji’s new Kingdom. political importance, difficulties began to A King, once crowned, must have a palace. present themselves. It was questioned He cannot continue to live in a fort like a whether the traditional ceremony of a Hindu soldier. Architects and stone-masons from coronation could at all be held, because nearby areas were soon invited to come the Shastras decreed a preliminary and design a palace for the new King. investiture of a sacred thread. It was like Around it, eighteen spacious buildings were putting the cart before the horse. Orthodox designed, which were to be out-houses opinion was thus a deadlock in the situation. and office premises for those who were to The matter was finally referred to a scholar serve the new Monarch. of merit, Gaga Bhatt of Benares. He proved Shivaji always believed Raigad as his lucky to be more progressive than his charm. Besides, it symbolised, in its quiet contemporaries, and held the view that tranquillity, the hopes and aspirations of orthodoxy should not come in the way of his followers, their desire for a sanctuary a man who had himself fought for the after their many clashes with the protection of Hindu religion. The time-bar dominating foreigners. Raigad had always rule for the thread ceremony could be symbolised freedom for Shivaji. It was now waived in Shivaji’s case. Shivaji proved to become the symbol of his sovereignty. his merit and right to ascend the throne Raigad was the place where he also died. so well through his independent Before choosing Raigad as his official achievements, that Shastraic injunctions residence, he had consulted Pandits and could be shown to be in his favour. had it confirmed that this was the part of When this reassuring message reached his Empire which would prove auspicious Shivaji, he invited Gaga Bhatt to visit him and which would increase his bounty. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 194 SHIVAJI IN STORIES As Shivaji was the first King, he was not bestowed on him. The coronation was bound by any precedents. Instead, as his celebrated with the pomp and splendour objective was to entertain the people of befitting the occasion. The simple soldier, the soil, he wanted to give them the type accustomed to hard living now ascended of entertainment with which they would a throne and wore the mantle of a king. be familiar, avoiding the trappings and All around was the glittering magnificence ornamentation of foreign rule. of a pompous celebration. His throne, his dress and his umbrella glittered in gold and So came the fourth day of Jesht, which bejewelled ornamentations. From behind was the first day of the celebration. One all this, his rugged and simple but noble hundred thousand Brahmins gathered on heart beat the same rhythm, which it that day to recite verses from the Vedas always did, to the tune of freedom from and to chant appropriate pieces from the alien yoke. Shastras. Bhavani, who had appeared in the dream For nine days, thereafter, the preliminaries to Maloji Bhonsle, had now translated that lasted, and, on the thirteenth of Jesht, dream into reality. While hitherto only a which was the coronation day of sword had hung by the side of Shivaji, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. That was the there now also shone a crown upon his day of days for the Marathas and the head. Mavlis, a day when the blessings of Bhavani came true with the scion of the Bhonsles stepping on to the golden throne, having shaken off the dust of many a battle which he had fought.

Earlier that morning Shivaji had announced the names of the eight Ministers of State he had appointed and confirmed them in their new officers. He also named the two men who would be his principal Secretaries of State, each being allotted his sphere of work or department, for a Monarch could not move with the same elasticity as a supreme commander. Shivaji, while retaining all powers of State in his hands, was now compelled to delegate the routine duties to the men he had selected to serve him.

Shivaji was crowned as the Sovereign of the Maratha Kingdom, with the titles of Chhatrapati and Kshatriya Kulavatansa VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 195 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

PERSUASION SUCCEEDS AT LAST G.N.DANDEKAR

I “Why should I not ? You have all done the most impossible things. You have defeated N the drawing-room Jija Bai sat fully those mighty warriors who attacked you wrapped up in a shawl. An oven, with all their armed might. You have shown Ifull of burning embers proclaimed the your valour. And still there are people who biting cold outside. Annaji Pant, Balaji Aoji dare to laugh at your deeds ! So much and two others were deeply engrossed in blood has been shed. Is there no value some discussion. At that time a messenger for it, or for the young boys who have rushed in, followed by Niraji Pant. staked their lives for freedom ? Were they Niraji Pant paid his respects to Masaheb fools ? Yet some people flatter the and offered her a basket of vegetables. Badshah ! What a shame !” Masaheb asked : “We have been continuously clamouring for “What have you there, Pant ?” our own King, our Emperor duly sworn !” Balaji promptly expressed his wish. “They are some brinjals from my kitchen garden,” replied Niraji. “What is the use of your telling me, my children ? I know that all of us are very Annaji Pant looked at them. Masaheb told eager to witness this great occasion. But, him, “Look here Annaji, some people unless he (Shivaji) takes it into his head remember even minute things. I had what can we do ? It is as good as drawing casually spoken to Niraji’s wife about the lines on water” said Jija Bai. monotony of the same type of vegetables available here. And look, the good girl here Suddenly, a messenger announced the has immediately sent these brinjals.” arrival of Shivaji.

Niraji said, “There is nothing commendable “Let him come ! We are all eagerly waiting in it. There were plenty in the garden and for him,” said Jija Bai. so I brought some.” Niraji, Annaji, Balaji and the rest stood up, “Please do not mistake me. I am touched and Masaheb looked on with longing eyes, by your concern even over such minute as Shivaji crossed the threshold. He things. There are people who forget even touched the feet of his mother tenderly the major issues of life.” and thus paid his respects as Jija Bai held his arm and made him sit beside her. Shivaji “Please forget about it, Masaheb, and don’t said, “Masaheb, nothing can beat your love let it bother you,” requested Niraji. in this world!” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 196 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Hold your honeyed tongue. I would rather Vennya, Savitri, Gandhari all flow perenially have you come to see me every day than through your kingdom. You have under hear those sweet words of yours spoken your command some of the most powerful to allay the pain of your long absence.” generals of the time. Each one of them can deal with a hundred soldiers single- “But, mother, it is you who have taught handed. Anything you wish to have on me to work. And, now, you want me to this earth will be at your command within visit you every day?” minutes. My father left me a little jagir, “No, my child, I know that I am not a match and I have enlarged it into a mighty, vast for you in smart talk, though, you are my kingdom. What is it that ails you, now ?” son ! Well, be it so ! Tell me from where Tears rolled down her cheeks. Wiping them you are coming ? What news have you with her sari she said, brought ?” Jija Bai asked her son. “Shall I tell you why I am pained ?” “Masaheb, let politics and battle fields be left to us. For your part, just be satisfied “Yes, please tell me,” said Shivaji. with seeing us victorious.” And turning to “Raje, your word is law. A violation of it Annaji, Shivaji asked, “Annaji, do you spells death. Even as your word is honoured remember the medicine prescribed by the and feared, so should you respect the Vaidya ?” feelings of others. Otherwise, people will “Yes Sir, one or two herbs were not not rely long on your words.” Jija Bai available, and so we got them from explained her pain. Aurangabad. The decoction is being “Yes, I will do anything you bid me do,” prepared. As soon as it is ready it will be assured Shivaji. brought here. Normally, the doctor comes and examines Masaheb every day,” Annaji “I say that the wish of your people to have replied. a sovereign rule over them should be honoured.” Jija Bai spoke firmly. Shivaji Masaheb then spoke with disgust. was silent for a moment. Both Balaji and “Shivba, enough of these decoctions and Annaji stood up with folded hands. Shivaji medicines ! Your medicine has no power emerged apparently from his absorption, to cure the disease that ails me.” Shivaji and said. sat very close to his mother, took her hands “Annaji Pant, I do not like to see you very tenderly in his, and slowly pressing standing with folded hands.” them he said : “Masaheb, nothing is lacking here now. Once you owned only thirty- Balaji said, “Our wish is well-known to the two villages, now your kingdom has master !” expanded into three hundred and fifty forts “What do you mean ?” asked Shivaji. and fortresses. Each one of them is strong enough to resist enemy attack at least for Annaji said, “We can only request you to one year. Holy rivers like Krishna, Koyna, fulfil the wishes of Masaheb.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 197 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Could you tell me what is lacking in the Annaji answered with equal firmness. present regime ? I have been able to prove “Only one power can dismiss this servant a deterrent to Adil Shah. I have forgotten of the Maratha Kingdom ….. Death ! Master, an alliance with the Sultan of Golkonda. do you understand me well ?” Your Aurangazeb had to acknowledge my might. I detained some Englishmen, and Shivaji cooled down and said in perfect their people at Surat had no courage to politeness, set them free. I have re-built the Sapta “I am aware of your loyalty, Pant. Don’t Koteeshwara temple before the very eyes you know the Sloka about the lion ……” of the Portuguese and in their own territory. Our ships carrying the saffron Annaji recited it. flags sail the high seas fearlessly, while Shivaji enthusiastically added, others have to take our permission to move. Siddi has just managed to keep his position. “See ! Does the lion have to be He can’t stir out. Tell me, who is there ceremoniously proclaimed a King by the who would not recognise Maratha might ?” other animals ? Is he not King by his own went on Shivaji. right ?”

But Jija Bai retorted forcefully : Jija Bai, who had been listening patiently, broke her silence : “I know that you have fought the foes outside. Yet, many people in Maharashtra “Where do you stand Shivba ? A lion still consider you a dacoit and a burglar.” definitely is not sworn king. If we had been animals, and behaved like animals, “Let them think what they like. I am not there would have been no need for any going to involve myself in any useless rites. But do the animals build temples for quarrel,” Shivaji said with determination. Maha Dev ? Do they fall at the feet of the Annaji Pant recognised the urgency of the Mother Bhavani and offer humble obeisance situation and said in a soft voice : ? Do they bow down in respect to the Saints and Yogis ? Or are you sure that “Master, nobody doubts your authority. they eat their food with taste ?” Your gallantry and valour are no secret. Yet, it seems to be all in vain without the Shivaji replied, sanction of a religious rite, a sacred “I do not under-estimate the importance ceremony.” of ceremonies and rites, mother! What I Shivaji raised his voice and said : mean is that the rites to be performed for a brave soldier should be baptism with “Do you say the same thing, Annaji Pant ? blood. It is the wounds on his brave chest If you think that you are unable to serve that matters, and not the application of in a kingdom over which a proper king, a sandal wood paste or holy ashes, or duly anointed ruler is not sworn in, you are sprinkling of sanctified water. It is not free to leave the service.” important whether he wears a diadem. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 198 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

What matters is whether his hands have money for the coronation ceremony. It is been hardened by handling weapons.” only fitting that it should be so.”

“I know, it is useless to argue.” He Shivaji Maharaj was bitter as he said, continued smiling at his mother. “It is after “Annaji Pant, I have not a pie to spend on all you who have taught me all these this ceremony. Construction of forts is things.” altogether a different matter. If our fort is Jija Bai Said, “Yes, but I have also taught strong we can fight our enemies. That is you that a nugget of pure gold is useless. not the case with pompous pageantry and To fashion it into an ornament fit to be meaningless ceremonies. People will eat placed around the Lord’s neck, it has to and make merry, and then all will be over.” pass through a number of tests. Lumps of Annaji was not a bit perturbed and he said, gold are not given as offerings. Similarly, you must go through the rites, and “You need not release a single coin from ceremonies to be recognised. Those who the treasury. Only say that you are ready are close to you do recognise your for the ceremony. That would be enough.” authority. It is essential to show to those “How will you get the money ?” asked that may deny you that you are a sovereign Shivaji. Emperor by authority. It is, therefore, absolutely necessary that you go through “We shall collect it through a special tax.” the whole gamut of form and ceremony.” Annaji.

This long-drawn speech proved too much “That means, you will make the poor people for her. She started heaving. She looked pay. No, Pant, it is not possible. If it up at her son, and saw him immersed in means that my subjects have to suffer. I thought. And she resumed : prefer to remain without a crown.”

“Raje, whatever you have to decide must “Please excuse me, Sir ! Without demur, be done here and now.” the Marathas in their love and devotion will offer all that may be required for the Shivaji turned to his Secretary, Balaji, and sake of their Emperor. How can I tell you said, how deeply all of us feel the urgent “The ceremony would cost quite an amount necessity for a king. If you will only of money.” consent, you will find a flood of wealth and all the paraphernalia flowing into Balaji said without any reservation, Raigarh.”

“But, Sir, it has to be performed for the “I don’t want to listen to any complaints sake of the public.” later on,” said Shivaji.

“Just as we spend on construction of forts, “Be fully assured, Sir ! We only request maintenance of cavalry, cannons and other you to give us your consent,” replied Balaji. equipment, so also do we have to spend VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 199 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji kept quiet for sometime. Then he tailors, clerks, accountants, all of them spoke with feeling, visited Pachad. They came from all parts of the country and they came in all sorts “Annaji Pant, if this coronation is to take of conveyances. The cooks were place I would have preferred to enthrone exhausted because of continuous cooking myself in the presence of Tanaji Malusare, and serving. The store-keepers were also Baji Prabhu, Murar Baji, Kanhoji Jedhe - my in a similar plight. dearest friends. Alas, all of them have gone. I cannot think of enjoying the Gaga Bhatt was seated on a high platform ceremony without them. You may say and Jija Bai sat in front of him in the court- whatever you like.” yard. The place was packed to capacity.

The conversation came to an abrupt end. Gaga Bhatt continued his preaching. He Shvaji was not prepared to agree, and no cited many examples from different religious amount of argument would have persuaded books, quoting authorities, and said, him. “Janak’s ethics, Vidura’s ethics, Chanakya’s II economics …… all of them were unanimous. There can be no kingdom without a king. Gaga Bhatt stayed with Masaheb. He had Without a king, the affairs of a country become the centre of attraction not only will be in chaos. Although, it is possible to for Pachad folks but also for the towns rule a kingdom with one’s might, it is better and villages situated around. to set the seal of sanction through religious By that time, the intention of Masaheb, rites. It is imperative and it ought to be and the Secretary to have a coronation done. ceremony, was known to all the people Once, long ago there was anarchy in a around Pachad. In fact, the whole of certain place. No one paid heed to another. Deccan longed for the day. The only There was chaos all around. The Rishis difficulty was to obtain the willingness of and saints of that land gathered together, Shivaji himself. He did not pay heed even and held a meeting. They came to the to the words of his mother on that count ! conclusion that the havoc could not be People wondered, what would happen ! stopped till the kingdom was duly handed A ray of hope in the form of Gaga Bhatt over to an able person. So they agreed to illumined their hearts. Gaga Bhatt was the nominate a competent person as the King. most famous Pandit from Kashi. It was It was only then that social life progressed learnt that he had taken a vow, (with the smoothly. holy water of Ganges in his hand) that he “How can a kingdom exist without a king ? would see a sovereign Emperor sworn in It would be just like the solar system Deccan. If he did not, he would never without the Sun. Does anyone take shelter return to Kashi. All the people, rich and under a fictitious cloud ? So is a Kingdom poor, big and small, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, without a king. The land must be controlled farmers, weavers, blacksmiths, gold-smiths, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 200 SHIVAJI IN STORIES by a king, a duly sworn king. A religious elephants and horses marching ahead of bath, anointing the chosen ruler with the him. Maharaj himself walked bare-footed. waters of seven holy rivers is a pre- Gaga Bhatt requested him a number of times requisite. There is a profound significance not to go on foot but Shivaji replied, hidden in this ceremony. It means that all “Please excuse me, I hope you will not go these rivers, or the areas surrounding them, against this wish of mine.” accept the king, who got bathed in the “Would you agree if I requested you to do waters, as their master. Earth from seven any other thing ? But that shall be done holy mountains should be brought to make later” said Gaga Bhatt. a seat for the ‘Abhisheka’. That means, all the areas where those mountains are “I am sure, Guruji your order would be well- situated also accept the king as their thought-out one.” Shivaji was equally master”. adept in his reply. Now the palanquin slowly came to its destination. The crowd wound Gaga Bhatt explained the urgency of the its way through forests of teak, pine, ceremony performed. Words came out of Deodhar and Catechu. The leaves rustled his mouth in an eloquent stream and the in the breeze, cooling the sweltering heat audience was spell bound. Jija Bai was of the afternoon. When Gaga Bhatt set now more determined than ever. Yet his eyes on the main gate, he was stuck realising her personal helplessness she by the impregnable defence that the fort pleaded. provided. He had seen cities like Delhi, “But, Guruji, what can we do when Shivba Agra, Jaipur, Bikaner, etc. But he is not willing for the ceremony.” appreciated the uniqueness of the defence and the beauty of Raigarh. Gaga Bhatt was confident. He said, “Yes, is that the hitch Masaheb ? I shall try to The palanquin now entered the main fort. persuade him. He is your illustrious son. I Shivaji gave a fitting reception to Gaga am sure he will not dis-respect the authority Bhatt and led him to an exquisitely of the scriptures that I represent. He has decorated seat. He stood before Gaga to be sworn in, Masaheb. There is no Bhatt with hands folded. He said, “Guruji, alternative.” I have only one request to make. Please stay here at Raigarh for two months and The crowd dispersed. Shivaji arrived home let it be filled with your sanctified and was extremely pleased to have Pandit presence.” Gaga Bhatt as his guest. He touched his feet in reverence. Gaga Bhatt was eager “I too have a favour to ask of you” Gaga to be with him alone and requested him to Bhatt replied. “I am at your service,” accompany him to Raigarh. answered Shivaji. “I request you to be present during those two months. Shivaji treated him with great reverence. Otherwise, you will leave me alone and roam He took him to Raigarh in an ornate about,” Gaga Bhatt added laughing palanquin and with fully decorated VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 201 SHIVAJI IN STORIES heartily, Shivaji joined in the laughter and ? Did he not suffer for the sake of the said, “I shall do as you wish.” people ? However much you dislike it, you have also to undergo all the religious rites Shivaji had kept a place ready for Gaga for the sake of your people.” Bhatt. He took him to the place and saw that all arrangements were perfect. Then Gaga Bhatt was silent. Maharaj remembered he said, something and said,

“Now, please let me take leave of you. I “You have not answered one of my shall be here in the evening.” questions.”

III “What is that ?” questioned Gaga Bhatt.

It was a moon-lit night. Supreme serenity “All my most beloved friends have gone. reigned everywhere. In the enclosure of They have been slain. How can I …….” Jagadishwar temple two persons sat, close Pleaded Shivaji. to each other, Gaga Bhatt and Shivaji. “Maharaj, you have lost nothing. The task They talked in whispers to each other. The that you have undertaken is a sacred one. guards stood still like statues outside the Gain and loss are the obverse and reverse temple. The main speaker was Gaga Bhatt. of the coin of life. Take the example of “Therefore, a kingdom must have a king, a Yudhishthira. After the great war of plenipotentiary invested with authority. Mahabharatha, he was to be sworn. He Just because somebody addresses one by said, ‘For whom shall I be sworn ? I have the title one does not become a king. It lost all my brothers and friends. My has to be confirmed and sanctified by a Preceptor and revered ones like Bhishma, religious ceremony. You cited the example who would have been happy to witness of a lion, the king of beasts, and said that the present ceremony are no more. Nay, a mere ceremony has no meaning. That is we killed them ! Even my sons have been true, so far as that goes. slain. I am not going to be a king. I shall go to the Himalayas and do penance.’ On “When you live in a society, its customs hearing this speech the best of sages, Lord have to be followed. Some ceremonies, Krishna laughed and said, ‘Yudhishthira, it functions, rituals are to be performed, if may be easy to leave everything and not for anything else, at least for the sake become a Sannyasin but remember you are of the people. It is true to say that one of running away from the battle field, and you the functions of a king is to satisfy the are a Kshatriya. Society is a big chariot, people. You know that Sri Rama abandoned it has to keep on moving. If you become a Sita to satisfy his subjects. He must have king, only then can you drive this chariot. felt that he was cutting his heart into two Be wise, Yudhishthira, and for the sake of pieces and separating one from the other, those people, who have survived in spite yet he continued to rule without his wife, of the Mahabharatha war, you must be all alone. He hid his sorrow. Could you crowned.’ imagine the agony he must have undergone VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 202 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “As Yudhishthira once listened to Lord “Go to Pachad early in the morning, and Krishna, will you also now listen to my word convey your decision to Masaheb. She is ? You have captured the forts of your longing to hear this news.” mightiest enemies. Emperors and Sultans now acknowledge your might. Now, your IV subjects need a religiously sworn king. Jija Bai sat on a cot. Shivaji was beside They will raise their heads and declare that her. She stroked his back with trembling they have got a sovereign Emperor of their hands as tears ran down her cheeks. With own, and that they do not care about what a choked voice she spoke : others say about it. “Once the ceremony is performed, I shall “Maharaj, this is the longing of the people. be free to leave this world.” Won’t you listen to it ? I request you, urge you, nay, order you in my capacity Shivaji remonstrated, “Then I am taking as heir of the head priest of all the Southern my decision back.” Royal Dynasties, that you must accept “Don’t talk like that, my son. The dream the coronation ceremony performed with of centuries is to be fulfilled. Please do all the religious rites. I have not thought not say ‘No’. This body has become old. ill of anyone throughout my life. I have It will die within a few days. You know not hurt anyone. I have not disobeyed that all our wishes cannot be fulfilled. It is any religious commands. Now I have only the law of life that one does not live forever. one wish in my mind, that there should be Man likes to possess a thing, and once he a Hindu Sovereign Empire in the land, and gets it, he thinks of another. That is an if there is any one most suitable to rule unending chain. Your case is different. It over it, that is Yourself ! was the wish of the people for a number “Kavi Bhushan has already stated that had of years. Only your consent was not there. not Shivaji existed, everyone would have Now we have got it and you should not been forcibly converted to Islam. All the turn back,” Jija Bai explained carefully. poor people, all the saints, all the law- “It shall be as you wish,” Shivaji consented. abiding people, the women, the handicapped and the old have their hopes “My blessings are always with you.” centred in you. Therefore, I fold my hands The news spread like wild-fire, and the joy in all earnestness and make this appeal to of the people all over Maharashtra knew you, Maharaj.” Before Gaga Bhatt could no bounds. do that, Shivaji got up and touched his feet and said :

“Please do not make me feel more ashamed. I shall abide by your wish.”

Gaga Bhatt was overwhelmed as he embraced Shivaji. He said, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 203 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE CORONATION OF CHHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ

PROF. M. Y. KHAN

Introduction according to Vedic rites and HHATRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ assume the title was born in 1627 at Shivneri, of Chhatrapati. near Junnar. When he was twelve C (It seems that years old, his father Shahaji bestowed on this title was Shivaji thirty-six villages out of his Poona already intended Jagir. As he grew up, Shivaji defeated the to be taken Moghuls and the Adil Shahis and extended when Shivaji his dominions. He became the master of a large crack force of cavalry and infantry which began to be feared for its hurricane- like movements and eagle- like swoops. He also had a big powerful navy which inspired awe and ensured respect. At the same time, he had amassed immense treasure. By the age of forty-four, he had become a de facto independent king of an extensive part of Deccan. He was no more a Jagirdar, or a subordinate chief, or even a feudatory Prince. He was, reserved the umbrella – Chhatra - to therefore, in every way fit to be crowned himself. Again it was intended to emphasise as King. Shivaji’s superior position). The Moghul Emperor Aurangazeb became Preparations for the coronation fully alive to the danger posed by Shivaji’s activities. So did several other rulers, such Preparations for the coronation were as the Sultan of Golkonda. In order to be started. The choice of the place fell on their equal, Shivaji resolved, properly the strong fort of Raigad which Shivaji had enough, to have the religious ceremony always loved. The fort was spacious of coronation (Rajyabhisheka) performed enough to accommodate the vast VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 204 SHIVAJI IN STORIES concourse that would be gathering there The coronation of the Chhatrapati on the historic occasion. Shivaji held On the day of the coronation, Shivaji woke consultations with his advisers, and having up before dawn and had a ritual bath. Soon formed his decision invited the great after this he went to offer his respects to Deccan; Pandit of Benares, Gaga Bhatt, his old mother Jija Bai and the other elders, to act as the Master of Ceremonies. Bhatt and sought their blessings. arrived in due course and he convinced his opponents about the necessity of looking The coronation was truly gorgeous and upon Shivaji as “ a Heaven-sent warrior of imposing. The first important rite on this undoubted Kshatriya characteristics and memorable occasion was the abhisheka. attributes as defined in the Smritis and Shivaji was dressed in white clothes for it, the Bhagavad Gita.” and his chief Queen Soyra Bai had her saree knotted to his robe as they do at A large number of distinguished guests were marriage ceremonies. They sat side by invited and brought to in special side on two paats (low wooden stools). palanquins. Many pandits, Kings, Nobles, Sambhaji, Shivaji’s eldest son, sat on the Diplomats, friends and Kinsmen gathered step in front. The eight Ministers of the at the capital. Incidentally, Shivaji posted State, led by Moropant Pingale (Peshwa strong guards at every pass in the Konkon or Chief Minister), with the insignia of so that Bahadur Khan, Aurangazeb’s Royalty in their hands, stood around the general, could not come to prevent the canopy which was bedecked with precious coronation. pearls. So did the representatives of the On May 26, 1674, Shivaji’s “thread four varnas – namely, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, ceremony” was performed. It was Vaishyas and Shudras – holding golden, necessary to enable him to be crowned silver, brass and earthen jugs respectively, with Vedic rites. Before the beginning of filled with the holy waters of the four seas the coronation ceremonies, Shivaji visited and the seven sacred rivers of Bharat. The Pratapgad and worshipped his family deity, presiding priest Gaga Bhatt, amidst the Tulja Bhavani. He also visited several other sounding of the Shahnai, nagara and other temples and shrines. auspicious musical instruments and the boom of a cannon, sprinkled on Shivaji’s The coronation was fixed for Saturday head the holy waters and sacred rice, Jyaistha Shuddha Trayodashi, Shaka 1596, chanting the Vedic mantras prescribed in corresponding to June 3 (or 5), 1674. The the Aitareya Brahmana for Mahabhisheka. principal function was to take place early One of these is the memorable blessing : in the morning, an hour and twenty minutes May thy subjects love thee ever before sun-rise at the astrologically May thy kingship slip thee never. auspicious moment. Shivaji spent the eve of the coronation in fasting, prayers and Then for the Chhatradharan or coronation meditation. proper, Shivaji was dressed in rich, red robes and costly ornaments. He performed VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 205 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shastra Puja by sprinkling gulal (red and About eight O’clock in the morning, as soon yellow powder) on his war weapons. He as the Chhatrapati became free from the once again paid his respects to the elders religious performances, he gave an of his family. interview to the assembled nobles and priests. They paid their homage to the The coronation hall was bedecked in rich newly crowned king and to each he gave velvet, brocade and pearls, with its walls gifts of money and rich robes (pashaks). covered with sacred Vedic signs and He also granted interviews to the symbols. The gold-covered and diamond- Portuguese, the Dutch and the English studded throne was a raised stately seat, envoys. Return presents were given to with four pillars at the four corners in order them and the whole assembly was treated to hold up the awning made of the cloth of to pan and attar. gold. The palace gates and grounds were decorated with green banana and mango leaves. Two ceremonial horses and two richly caparisoned elephants stood guard at the gates. G.S.Sardesai observes : “The coronation ceremony was modelled on the old Aryan traditions. A gold-laced flag accompanying the vermillion-coloured national emblem, the grand royal umbrella (chhatra), the gigantic drum (nagara), were the usual appurtenances of pristine Hindu royalty and were revived on this national occasion.”

When Shivaji took his seat on the throne, lotuses and other flowers made of gold, silver and jewels were showered on him and his noble guests. The pancharti with lighted lamps was performed by the suvasinis. Priests chanted prayers while subordinate chiefs and Jagirdars, military captains and civil administrators and Thereafter, the Chhatrapati mounted his thousands of villagers and village officers charger and went in triumphant procession hailed the Monarch. Right then, cannons to the Jagadishwar temple in the capital. were fired from all his forts in salute to the From there he mounted his elephant and new king. Gaga Bhatt came forward with rode in State through the streets of the the chhatra (royal umbrella) and held it fort, to show himself to the thousands of over Shivaji’s head and the people hailed his people who had gathered to greet him, him as Maharaj Chhatrapati, Lord of the and also to pay a visit to the temples of Throne, Head of all the Kshtriyas. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 206 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Maha Deva and Durga. Small flowers made public demonstration of his power and of gold and silver were showered among achievements. the throng, shouting victory to the new It was mainly used to give a final shape to king. Ascetics, beggars, hermits and all the constitution of the Maratha Kingdom. kinds of poor people who had assembled, The Chhatrapati also started a new era received gifts, food and attention in (Rajashak or Rajyabhishek). It begins from different ways. Having worshipped the two the date of his coronation. No wonder, deities, the Chhatrapati returned by therefore, he is known as the Shakakarta, another road amidst the “Jaya” “the maker of an era”. acclamations of his happy subjects. Over and above everything, the Chhatrapati Then he went back to the palace where by his coronation dealt a death-blow to his eighty-year-old mother and others the idea that he was a small Jagirdar of fondly received him. It was a moment of Poona and as such the bond servant of supreme happiness to Jija Bai, when her Bijapur State, or that he was just an crowned son stood before her to bow and opportunist. receive her blessing. She felt fortunate to have witnessed the coronation and along Conclusion with it the fulfilment of her dream of an The Chhatrapati’s coronation is the most independent kingdom for her son. She had important event in his life and in the history really lived for this day ; for she died only of Maharashtra. It gave him the new twelve days after the glorious spectacle position as the crowned king of Hindavi of the Rajyabhisheka, leaving twenty-five Swarajya. It created a sentiment of lakhs of hons to the founder of Maratha patriotic love of country in the hearts of Swaraj. While dying she might have felt his people. This patriotism was of such like Mary, Jesus’ Mother “ intensity that it lasted a hundred years at Now lettest thou thy servant depart, O least. It weathered successfully the Great Lord, Moghul’s invasion of Maharashtra after the Chhatrapati’s death, and even led to the According to thy word, in peace ; extension of the power of the Marathas For mine eyes have seen thy salvation, when Aurangazeb was no more.

Which thou hast prepared before the face of all people ;

A light for revelation to the Gentiles,

And the glory of thy people !

The True Significance of the Coronation

The coronation was the grand climax of the Chhatrapati’s career. It was at once a VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 207 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE DEBT OF HONOUR

REPARATIONS were afoot in Maratha State, the final collapse of the Shivaji’s capital. No stone was Moghul Empire, the entry of the Marathas Pleft unturned to make the occasion into Delhi, the twenty-seven generations’ a gorgeous one. New palaces and rooms rule of Shivaji’s descendants. of state were erected, and consecrated Shivaji being absent from Raigad, the by the singing of traditional hymns, the English envoys were received by one of burning of sacrificial fires and libations of his Ministers, Narainji Pandit, whom they holy water. In the audience hall a throne found to be “a man of prudence and was raised, rounded by figures of tigers, esteem”. They presented him with a lions and elephants and carved round its diamond ring and his eldest son with two base with the thirty points of the compass mantles. Shivaji had not known of the in symbol of Shivaji’s new Imperial claims. approach of this embassy when he left In long trains from every part of India eleven Raigad for Pratapgad and had made no thousand priests and one hundred thousand arrangement for their reception ; and , the visitors journeyed towards Raigad, where town being crowded, they could not find they were entertained as Shivaji’s guests accommodation, but had to live in a tent. for four months. From Benares the greatest of the Brahmins of that sacred town, Gaga Henry Oxinden (who was one of the English Bhatta, travelled southwards in great state envoys) was informed, “Two of your staff to perform the coronation ceremony. He may come to offer obeisance along with was met by Shivaji and his Ministers, who your presents, half an hour after sun-rise dismounted at his approach and conducted tomorrow. One of our men will take you him by slow stages to Raigad. along.”

First Shivaji visited the temple of the Henry kept himself in readiness. His dress Mother-Goddess at Pratapgad. He struck a strange contrast to those worn presented the shrine with an umbrella of by the Hindu nobles in their white muslin pure gold, forty-two pounds in weight. dhotis and togas of yellow or scarlet silk. Then, accompanied by a few followers, he True to the style of those days the English entered the temple and passed many days wore periwigs, feathered hats, lace cuffs in vigil and prayer. While prostrate in prayer and buckled shoes. before the altar he fell into a trance and Shenvi now waited for the messenger. The from his mouth a faint thin voice, which latter came at the stipulated time and Henry those present declared must have been and Shenvi got ready to go. There were that of the Mother-Goddess Herself, began four men to carry the presents. The to prophesy the future history of the messenger saw this and suddenly stiffened. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 208 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “What has happened ?” asked Shenvi. saffron flag aloft. It was such an array that met Henry Oxiden’s eyes that day. “You are permitted to take only two persons The details of the celebrations were well with you.” worked out. The whole procession moved Henry knew the futility of arguing. He told on in perfect order. two of them to stay back and left along The messenger ushered Henry and his with Narayan, Shenvi following the associates inside through the entrance. messenger. Pomp and splendour such as this was The main fort and its surroundings were unknown and unheard of in an inaccessible crowded with people clad in robes of and hilly tract. He saw streams of people various colours and designs. At the foot pouring in from all sides forming a vast of the fort there was a huge gathering. ocean. An assistant of Noroji Pandi People, men, women and children were approached Sir Henry and took him to a moving swiftly towards the main fort in vantage point and explained to him thousands. Henry could barely manage to everything about the pageant. push his way through the throng and reach “Maharaj will be arriving any time now. the market place. He was surprised to see That peculiar instrument that you see this mammoth gathering from the loft. there is meant to measure time. The Armed guards marched to the tune of auspicious moment will be known as soon martial music. They wore pantaloons and as it is filled completely. coats peculiar to Mavalis, and from their “This shamiana (large tent) has been waists hung the swords they used so often. specifically prepared for the occasion. It Their heads were covered with colourful is our custom to decorate it with leaves turbans. Marksmen stood on one side and flowers. pointing their rifles upwards. There were hundreds of gallant horsemen who stood “That square is a permanent one, and it is armed to the teeth. Swords gleamed in meant for the throne. The throne itself is sun-shine. Men with bulging biceps and made of thirty-two maunds of gold. They scarred chests stood exhibiting their battle- are real pearls, with which you see it wounds in heroic pride. Mounted camels encrusted. stood in front with drummers ready; for “That canopy around is made of wood. the signal to start. Yonder stood two stallions, with their trappings of rich “That vacant place on either side of the embroidery. Two elephants stood at the throne is meant for the queens and royal entrance, their foreheads gaily painted, guests. They have just started coming in. silver chains hanging around their necks “Look, there comes Jija Bai Sahib, the with a gold lump in the centre. Rich mother of our King. She looks very tired brocade covered their backs. One of them now. carried a profusely decorated canopy and on the other a mounted soldier held a VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 209 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “There – those persons standing with golden Maratha outpost took up the loud salute, plates in their hands are the Ministers. so that over every mile of country where Moro Trimbak is the Prime Minister, and Shivaji’s writ ran people were aware of their Ramachandra Neelakanth the Finance ruler’s coronation. Henry watched Minister. There stands Ravji Pandit Rao, everything with great interest. Maharaj Hambir Rao Mohiteis the commander-in- stood in front of the throne. He saluted chief. The other one over there is his his mother Jija Bai Saheb by bending private secretary, and that the chief forward. Then he saluted Gaga Bhatta and secretary. At the end stands our Chief Balam Bhatta in the same manner. Justice.” The time-measure indicated that the A group of Brahmins were chanting auspicious moment so eagerly awaited had Mantras. The chieftains were all standing arrived. That was the moment for which in a line on either side of the throne. Close the country had long been waiting, - by were Shetty Desh Mukh, Deshpande, waiting for centuries. Watandar, Patel, and Kulkarni. There were Marathi, the mother tongue of the people, others, Marathas hailing from different Maratha customs, Maratha culture that had parts of the country. been so long under the iron heels of “Here come the ushers and mace-bearers. suppression were waiting for this hour of liberation. The souls of those martyrs, “That is Gaga Bhatta, who has a shawl those men and women who died due to tied around his head. And here, he comes unimaginable tortures were all awaiting this ! Shivaji Maharaj himself ! hour of deliverance. Saints had performed Clad in white robe, crowned and garlanded penances longing for this occasions. All with flowers, Shivaji entered the great hall the resolutions, promises, cries and of his palace, his queen-consort Soyra mournings of sufferings millions, vows, beside him, their robes being knotted pilgrimages, penances and fasts, heard or together in token of their union. Behind unheard by the deities, were waiting for Shivaji came his mother and his son just this moment. All the merits of the Sambhaji. Then followed his eight Ministers, good had just fructified at this supreme each carrying a gold vessel filled with holy hour. Devas, angels would have descended water. He approached his throne, which to watch this great event as it was their was covered with a canopy of cloth of man of choice that was now to ascend gold from which pearls hung in festoons, the throne. Look at Shivaji, the sovereign lotus blossoms of gold and emerald being Emperor of the Marathas, full of gratitude thrown among the crowds during his slow beaming from his subdued countenance. progress across the hall. He mounted the Can one fathom the stormy thoughts that throne and every gun in the city boomed are thronging his mind ? homage ; from fort to fort along all the Outwardly, the stoic calm, the regal poise ghats Maratha guns answered the guns of and bowed head could not reveal the the capital ; from the plains guns in every VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 210 SHIVAJI IN STORIES feelings hidden within. At this moment the of colours with flowers of all types arranged memory of all those dear friends, who could in banks and banks of beauty. Bards sang not be present would have smitten him, of songs of praise celebrating the valour of those martyrs on account of whose the great ones who had departed leaving supreme sacrifice, and the dream that they the fulfillment of their dream to this most had cherished, this day has been auspicious moment ! The thunder of voices transformed into a reality. that boomed was deafening. Moropant Pingle and Pandit Rao now showered Sixteen Brahmin women now advanced Maharaj with gold coins. Then, there was towards Shivaji seated on his throne and a stampede for offering presents to flashed ceremonial lamps before his eyes Maharaj. Some brought muslin cloth, and swayed them over his head to ensure brocade, costly turbans, others shawls. All good fortune. The Shivaji rose and put these were carried in plates, which Maharaj over his simple white dress, a heavy robe gracefully touched with his fingers in token of purple, embroidered with gold, and in of acceptance. place of the chaplet of flowers he put on a turban hung with tassels of jewels. The Henry chose this occasion to signal to pontiff, Gaga Bhatta raised above his head Narayan Shenvi, who raised the golden ring the pearl-studded gold umbrella of Imperial Henry had brought as a present. When Sovereignty, the soldiers clashed shield on Maharaj saw him, he beckoned to Henry spear and the crowds shouted and to come close to the throne. Shivaji cheered. Maharaj seated Henry under the canopy on the back of decorated elephant. The Gaga Bhatta then started reciting hymns, commander-in-chief stood on one side with in a deep resonant voice. Finally, he a goad in his hand. The victory parade articulated the proclamation, “Kshatriya moved on. The infantry marched on in front Kulawantas Maharaj Simhasanadheeswara as well as at the back of the royal elephant. Raja Shiva Chhatrapati Ki Jai.” An orchestra followed the infantry. Behind The crowds took up and there was a chorus them, a sea of heads surged and swelled of voices that rent the air : “Chhatrapati as in a storm. They were all immersed in Shivaji Maharaj Ki Jai.” happiness.

People did not really know what to do. So Today, all those who had sacrificed their much were they overcome with joy ! They dear ones considered themselves the most embraced one another, while tears of joy fortunate people on earth. They forgot all streamed down their cheeks. They waved that they had suffered. Their pains were their towels and clapped their hands in glee. washed away by the waters that anointed Maharaj during coronation. Shivaji was the “Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Ki Jai.” King who ruled their hearts. The heavy The spectators showered flowers of gold load that weighed on them seemed to have and silver, popped rice, and vermillion lightened. They would soon be on their powder on Maharaj. The darbar was a riot way to the temple. Vermillion powder, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 211 SHIVAJI IN STORIES flowers, parched rice, were to be showered Chhatrapati walked towards the palace of from the house-tops, buildings, shops, as Kashi Bai Sahib. Maid-servants were all Maharaj was to pass in all his rich regalia. running about. Jija Bai Sahib stood All the doors and windows were packed to trembling in anticipation. capacity just to get a glimpse of their Maharaj crossed the threshold and came beloved Emperor. Women, who usually inside. He moved forward, but was taken confined themselves to their houses, were aback at what he witnessed. Mother Jija out to see Shivaji. Roads were crowded. Bai was bending to pay him her obeisance, The guards found it difficult to make way her body all al-shiver like an aspen leaf. for the royal elephant. The boom of Maharaj held her shoulders and asked : crackers filled the whole atmosphere. “What are you doing, Ma Sahib ?” Descending from his throne Shivaji walked She replied softly : “Raje, you are no more across the hall, and mounted an elephant Shivba. You are a sovereign Emperor. All of state hung on either side with gold are your subjects. So let me do that which tasselled carpets and went in procession every subject is expected to do.” through his capital. From every window there were showers of flowers and coloured Shivaji asked in wonder : “What ! Does rice on his head, lamps were waved over not an emperor have a mother ?” the procession, waved again and again “I don’t know, because I am not an emperor. through the sudden breeze that blew over But I know it well that, when a son the town. becomes an emperor, he does not remain At last, the procession reached a son. He lives as an emperor.” Jagadeeshwar temple. Maharaj descended “Mother,” said Shivaba. from the elephant, went inside the temple, fell flat on his face in prostration to the “Raje, I have a loving child, one who was Lord as his lips moved silently articulating, conferred on me as a gift of the Gods in “I had taken a vow at Raireshwar and I answer to my prayers. I wanted him always toiled as far as it was possible for me. It to be with me. But this land was in greater is Thy grace that has made all this possible. need of him and the land demanded him What shall I say now ? Only this, that I from me. I gave him. My cup of joy is have tried to fulfill Thy command.” full.”

Maharaj entered all the temples and And before Jija Bai bent down to pay worshipped at every shrine. The procession obeisance, Shivaji held her by the waist came to the last temple. There remained and affectionately said, “Ma Sahib.” only one more Deity to be worshipped.

That was his own mother ! The mother, that was father, friend, guide, and all, was the last to claim his supreme worship. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 212 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE COIN WITH A SUPERIOR RING

T was the morning of an important The Portuguese Deputy Governor replies, day – the coronation of Shivaji as “Yes, we close them because that IChhatrapati. The date that history dangerous Maratha, Shivaji, is expected records is the 6th June June, 1674. Among at any moment and he can annex our the dignitaries invited for this great fortress in no time.” occasion were the English representatives Such was their dread of Shivaji. But Henry of the East India Company. The British himself had a taste of Shivaji’s alert ambassador was also there with a gift for government. He was at Pachad, a village Chhatrapati, accompanied by his at the foot-hills of Raigarh, on the 19th of interpreter. The Englishman who was to May, 1674. He went to Raigarh later on. represent East India Company on the The coronation ceremony was colossal in occasion, set out for Raigarh from Bombay its splendour. in a palanquin on the 10th of May, 1674. His name was Henry Oxinden. Henry, of course, had his eye more on political advantages than on the ceremony He reached Choul at about seven p.m. on itself. His main aim was to point out the th the 13 of May. He observed how superiority of English trade, economics and extremely watchful Shivaji’s administration politics whenever he got any opportunity. was, during the whole course of his journey. Henry had seen the coins that Shivaji had There was a small out-post of the minted for circulation after the coronation Portuguese at Choul. Henry reached there ceremony. They had the words, “Shreeraja in the evening. Day had already passed Shivchhatrapati” written on them, but they and night was slowly setting in. The looked very crude. There was nothing of Portuguese had locked all the gates of the beauty or finesse about the minting of coin, fortress at the approach of the night. and its sound was harsh, - they had a Henry was astonished at the dead silence hollow ring. Henry got a bright idea on that ruled the place even before night had seeing the “Shivrai” coin. He had with set in. Of course, there was a gate open him a coin with the figure of the British for him. Henry entered the fortress and King etched on it, and it was much more met the Deputy Governor. He was beautiful to look at. It was really very welcomed by the Portuguese Deputy impressive. Its ring was musical. The Governor, and talking casually asked the letters and picture printed on it were Deputy Governor, “Why do you close all symmetrical and orderly. He placed the gates of the fortress even before “Shivrai” on one palm and his coin on the nightfall ?” other and lost himself in imagination. He was delighted at his own plan. It was a VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 213 SHIVAJI IN STORIES tricky one and he was thinking of the means the English wanted to extend their by which he could get Shivaji into a tentacles over the Maratha Kingdom. He commitment. He kept staring at both the quietly told Henry what he thought of the coins while sitting at the accomodation whole matter. provided for him at Raigarh. “It would be better if we meet Maharaj. I As the idea flashed in his mind, he got up shall explain your request to him. Come and went towards the fort. His interpretor along.” acompanied him. He desired to see the Both of them went to the palace Finance Minister. All the Ministers were immediately. Maharaj was in his residing within the main fort of Raigarh. antechamber dictating a draft to the The residence of Ramachandra Pant was secretary when Henry and Ramachandra also there. Henry reached the bungalow Pant arrived with coins in their hands. of the Finance Minister. The latter was Maharaj asked, “What is your plan, Pant?” there at home. He welcomed Henry, who broached the subject for which he had “Maharaj, this Englishman has come with a come. He said, “Look, this is our coin. request. He says ……” Ramachandra Pant That is your coin. See the difference ! explained the plan handing over both the How beautiful ours is and listen to its ring!” coins to Shivaji. Shivaji listened to him very patiently. While looking at both the The interpreter conveyed his message. coins in his palm, he said to his Finance Ramachandra Pant took both the coins ; Minister : looked at them carefully and was convinced of the superiority of the English coin. “I see ! This Englishman is worried about our coins which he says should look Henry continued, “You may give the beautiful ! And he says that his coins should contract for minting your coins to our East be accepted in our Kingdom as legal tender India Company ! We shall prepare the along with our coins ! This is his request.” superior type of coins of the same type for you,” he suggested. Shivaji raised his eyebrows. He balanced the coins in both his palms. Then he told “Is that so ?” Pant asked raising his the Finance Minister : eyebrows. “Pant, tell these Englishmen,” he raised “We impose only one condition ! You may his voice and continued, “Tell them, when call it a condition or a request or our own our goldsmiths put their skill into it, we expectation !” Said Henry. shall have much better coins than they “What is it ?” asked the Finance Minister. have. We do not need their skill !”

“Our coins should be made legal tender in Maharaj threw the coins towards Pant. your country along with your coins !” said Henry understood that Raigarh was alert. Henry. Ramachandra Pant immediately understood the game. He understood that VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 214 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE HAND THAT ROCKED THE CRADLE

aii…..i…..i (Mother) Aaii……… culmination of his ascent up the thorny broke the sombre stillness of the path of power, cushioned for him by the Asurrounding scene. The slight frame outstretched, welcoming arms of his shook and his entire being was racked by mother, Jija Bai. sobs. There he stood, the grown man from To Shivaji, Jija Bai was the very embodiment whose depths rang out this anguished cry of the universal Mother. The respect that of a boy. All that he was – he owed to the Shivaji always accorded to women reflected one whose mortal remains he had now the nobility and sublimity of Jija Bai’s nature confined to the flames. The sobs, the deep as no woman lacking in herself the qualities sigh, the silent but anguished look were of nobility, magnanimity, gentleness and terrains too sacred for strangers to tread. None dare enter that sanctum sanctorium. The vitalising, life- giving spirit had left its moral abode – the aching void was his.

Yes, “Aai” was gone. No more would he see her dear face ; for Shivaji her face was animated by something more than life. It was this face that inspired him and launched him out on his victorious campaigns. It was the same face which he sought out at the end of a hard day’s work, yes this was grace could succeed in infusing nobility of his (Shivaji’s) mother, known to the world nature or character to her children. as Jija Bai. The development of Shivaji into a noble Today the spark was out. The deity in the person can only be traced to this great temple that he worshipped had winged forth lady. So great and beautiful was her into the unknown void. The gentle voice character and personality, power of was hushed and an unearthly silence hung endurance and patience, her individuality like a pall around. Far out Shivaji could and sublimity that Shivaji saw Bhavani in hear the sound of music and celebration Jija Bai and Jija Bai in all the women he that marked his coronation – the met. Shivaji saw her in the captive Moghul VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 215 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Princesses, saw the same reflection in the not if he could help it. She was his only poor milk-maid who clambered down the companion in the long years that separated Rairi fort to reach her hungry child. He him from his father. The riches of Bijapur saw Jija Bai in all. could be thrown aside at one pitch and toss for the abiding love of his Aaii. Yes, No more would he hear the wise counsel he remembered how his father wanted to that guided and urged him on in his mission. groom him into a loyal subject of the Bijapur The hours he spent talking to his mother Nawab. How could he ? Could he forget gave him a true understanding of his the long evening when he sat beside her crusade and the ability to correct any loop- and heard the sordid tale of slavery and holes in his campaigns. She was associated subjection to which his people were with the most important phases of his life. subjected ? She was the lone audience for the expression of his innermost thoughts. She Could he forget what she expected of him was both his follower and leader. Whatever ? Had he failed her ? his schemes were, she never failed to His father was never near her. Yet the understand or to applaud him. Where, oh, loyalty she cherished for him was where was that voice gone ? The warrior phenomenal. Would it not have been easier in him longed to wrest her back from the for her to swing her allegiance over to his hands that had taken her away from him. father ? But no. The true Hindu wife that Alas ! That was not within his power. she was – she preferred to be in exile from The supreme moment of her life when the the family of her birth rather than desert flame of her life leapt up in one bound of the man she had married. Shivaji had often joy was the coronation of her Shivba. Yes, wondered in later years at this aspect of that was how she had fondly called him. his mother ! Now the events followed in It was she Jija Bai, who had nurtured him quick succession. He remembered his from his childhood, and seen him reach the uncertain childhood. Now at one place, peak of his career. She found supreme then at another, his life swung like a satisfaction and pleasure at his coronation. pendulum from uncertainty of capture and Alas, even before all the festivities were death to the dubious safety of a fort. All over, she passed out in the evening of her this was bearable because of the warmth life in the quiet of her Raigad home ! No of her love and protection. illness marked her end. She just left him A rule shock brought him back to the stark and disappeared. realities of life. Yes, he had to go on. Standing there beside the dying embers, That was her wish. The ochre banner had the sobs stopped and a faraway look no replace the crescent and star. possessed him. Was it a flashback into the past ? Did he see her as the young mother whose word was law, whose wish his guiding star ? Had he failed her ? NO, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 216 SHIVAJI IN STORIES THE GREAT ROUT

HE coronation ceremony was and old, helpless or sick, crippled or maimed, concluded. It had been the most found a patron who would take personal Timportant and the most necessary interest in their welfare. Orphans rejoiced, event of the era. The memories of that as they could claim the emperor as their scintillating event lingered even after the father. Nature blossomed, Sahyadri was ceremony itself was over. Everyone, man overwhelmed with joy, as a tide of or woman, young or old, soldier or farmer, happiness swept over the land. rich or poor, without any exception, talked Alas ! providence is not king and merciful about it continuously. Such was the at all times. The mirth, the merriment and enthusiasm of the people who took part in the joy of the people of Mahrashtra could it. Those who were able to attend and not last even for two weeks ! Dark clouds witness this historic event, considered of gloom enveloped the Kingdom and a themselves very fortunate. Those who thunderbolt shook the Empire ! Not only were not able to attend, gathered the Shivaji, but the whole of Maharashtra lost account from their relatives and friends the Mother Jija Bai, who spread comfort to who attended the ceremony. They all felt, one and all through her courageous smile, however, that they were fortunate to have at all times, now smiled her last, weary belonged to this great era. smile and left on her journey to join her It seemed as if the golden age of Ayodhya departed husband. It was the unkindest had repeated itself in Maharashtra. An blow for Shivaji. The man who faced empire based on equity, equality, justice uncompromising situations with a care-free and culture was established. The humility smile was now weighed down by the blow of slavery to an alien rule of three centuries and sank into despair. She had transformed and a half had been erased. Merriment, Shvaji into a sovereign Emperor ! It was joy and mirth prevailed everywhere, in cities her dream fulfilled. But for her guidance and towns, in villages and hamlets, in and insistence Shivaji would have remained jungles and valleys, in forts and homes, in an ordinary person, and history would not fact in every nook and corner of the new have taken any note of his name ! The independent empire. Doubts and fears had blow was totally unbearable for her darling vanished totally. New life coursed through Shivba. Shivaji constantly recollected the sinews of all creatures, human beings, memories of his childhood. animals, birds, and even trees and plants. She was the mother who gave birth to A sovereign empire of the very people, had this illustrious son. He came to her as a come into existence. Here they could ‘gift’ from the Goddess Bhavani, in return demand protection ; claim justice, equality for her deep devotion and penance. She and affection, from their ruler. A sense of was the mother, who nurtured in her womb security prevailed everywhere. All, young VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 217 SHIVAJI IN STORIES the passion for an independent kingdom, extremely sad and so was the whole of and who brought up the boy, moulding him Maharashtra. in the cast already conceived in her mind, To Shivaji came the experiences of both rearing him in the best of the traditions of superlative happiness and extreme sadness all the heroes of our ancient culture, fusing within a short span of fifteen days. But into him the ethics of Rama, the political could he go on rejoicing or could he go on genius of Krishna, the skill and prowess of brooding ? He was an Emperor then, and Arjuna, the strength and valour of Bhima, had the highest responsibility towards his and above all the undaunted effort of subjects. His stoic nature did not allow Bhagirath. She was the mother who him to indulge in happiness or sorrow. He was a philosopher in his own right. He was the person who could very well fit into the description of a Yogin as stated in the Gita, neither forgetful of duties in the intoxication of joy nor sunk in the misery of mishaps. He had no time to brood over his great personal loss. He realised that the treasury had been impoverished by lakhs of rupees due to the colossal expenditure on the occasion of the coronation ceremony. He caressed, coaxed and cajoled him, defied realised the need for acquiring funds, him at times and gave him the moral although Jija Bai had left a handsome strength when he needed it most. She saving of nearly one crore of rupees at his was the mother, who looked after the disposal at the time of her death. How welfare of Shvaji’s beloved colleagues, and long could the amount last ? their dear ones when they went away on duty. She was the mother who praised With this thought in his mind, he sat in his their efforts, their valour, and bravery and apartment alone, fixing his gaze on the took part in their functions and ceremonies ceiling above. Could it be Surat ! Of wholeheartedly and sympathised with them course, Surat was on his list, but he in their day of the sorrow and hardship, preferred to wait for sometime. In fact, and even upbraided them if they failed in he had written a letter to the Subedar of their duty. In fact, she was not only a Surat to send him a tribute of nine lakhs of mother to all of them, but she was also a rupees (for the past three years) before friend, philosopher and guide. And such a the end of the monsoon. Or else, he mother had been cruelly taken away from warned him to be prepared for the them never come back ! Shivaji was consequences. But, the end of the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 218 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji ordered him to attack the fort at monsoon season was too far and what Pedgaon and collect all the wealth. It was would he do till then ? Shivaji did not entirely left to Haibat Rao, the whole have to think more on that subject. His strategy and plan of attack and the specific problem was temporarily solved in a very deployment of his army. Haibat Rao interesting way. considered it as a challenge, because he Aurangazeb lost all faith in Diler Khan Pathan knew that Khan’’ army was much larger owing to his quarrels with Prince Muajjam. than his own. But, he studied closely the He recalled Khan to Delhi. In his place, he situation and planned his attack sent one Bahadur Khan Kokaltash as the accordingly. Subedar of Deccan. Bahadur Khan was an As was the usual practice, Haibat Rao sent intelligent man, and an efficient his spies to ascertain the position in enemy administrator. As soon as he took over camp. His spies penetrated deep into the his duties, the first thing that he did was fortress and found out that the entire army to study the whole situation through his was accommodated within. They also perspective. He decided to change the gathered vital information about hiding strategy completely. He studied the places, jungles nearby, routes to the shortcomings of the Mughals ; he also fortress and loop-holes in the considered the points on his own side. In administration. They did not forget to fact, in his own way, he planned a gauge public opinion about Bahadur Khan. completely new strategy for his area. It Haibat Rao was now satisfied. He chalked was a sort of rejuvenation of the Mughal out a marvellous plan and took two of his army, a renewed strategy ! generals into confidence to execute it. One As a first step in his plan, he changed the of them was given the responsibility of place of his permanent camp. He shifted manning a regiment of two thousand it to a place called Pedgaon, about forty- soldiers. Of the remaining, the other eight miles east of Poona, on the banks of general was instructed to take a regiment Bhima river. He constructed a fortress at of another two thousand along a different Pedgaon and named it Bahadurgarh. It route, and launch an attack at an was a very strong and sturdy structure. appropriate moment. He hoped that slowly he would be able to Early in the morning, when the Mughal army recover all the forts annexed from the in the fortress was still in slumber’s chains, Moghuls by Shivaji, or at least those which the guards at the gates saw a huge cloud were in the vicinity. With this plan, he of dust in the distance. They guessed at stationed his huge army in the fortress of once that the Marathas were launching an Bahadurgarh. He was very much pleased attack. The cloud of dust gave them the and felt very confident.Very little was illusion of a much larger army approaching. known at this time, of Haibat Rao Mankar, The guards immediately reported to Bahadur a commander of Maratha army. He had no Khan of the attack and told him that a opportunity to have his name mentioned mighty army was approaching the fort. in the records. He was in charge of the Bahadur Khan gave orders to mobilise his Maratha army of about nine thousand men. entire force at once and to be prepared VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 219 SHIVAJI IN STORIES for the attack. He donned his uniform and Marathas raided every tent, recovered all casually looked out from the bastion. The valuables, practically before the batting Marathas were still approaching and the of an eye-lid. They set fire to all the tents cloud of dust raised by the hoofs of their in the camp. They vanished as speedily horses suggested their large numbers. as they came to attack. When the loot Bahadur Khan ordered all the soldiers to was counted, it was worth one crore of follow him and marched out of the fort to rupees ! ward off the attack. Only a handful of In the evening, Bahadur Khan returned with soldiers remained in the fortress. He led his army, tired and spent out. The the assault with his countless soldiers. The Marathas dodged him the forest by playing Marathas, having seen from a distance the a game of hide and seek with his army. He approaching enemy suddenly turned back. was fretting and fuming and cursing them Bahadur Khan was determined to rout the under his breath. He swore that he would Marathas and he followed them, with his plunder all the fortresses of Shivaji and entire army. The Maratha soldiers entered finally returned to his fortress.And lo ! He into the forests nearby to dodge the Khan’s was stunned to see his camp reduced to army. They allowed the Khan’s army to shambles. Most of tents were still burning come close to them and as the army came whilst others had been reduced to ashes. nearer, the Marathas vanished ! They kept And where were the stallions ? “Oh my on appearing and disappearing from the God ! Ya Allah ! The treachery of it all ! thick forest, eluding the Khan’s army, and What a humiliation !” cried the Khan. Who luring them deeper and deeper into the could console him? His dream of routing forest. the Marathas had turned back on him. Meanwhile, the remaining seven thousand Leave alone his defeating them, they now soldiers hid in the jungles close to the held the trump card of victory! fortress. Haibat Rao made sure that the Haibat Rao Mankar proudly exhibited the Khan’s army had gone at least twenty- proceeds of the raid to Shivaji. They were five miles away from the fort as planned so vitally needed. Shivaji’s happiness knew earlier, before he signalled to his other no bounds ! He glanced at the stallions general. The latter took his regiment and patted Haibat Rao on his back. Haibat launched his attack from the back of the explained. Maharaj laughed heartily and fortress, while Haibat Rao himself directed said, “Haibat Rao, you have even excelled his assault from the front. There were me ! I am proud of you.” He was hardly any soldiers in the fortress, as the appropriately rewarded on the spot. Khan had taken most of the army with him. The Marathas raided the fortress, collecting diamonds, gold, jewellery, swords, and other ammunition and weapons very swiftly. The best part of loot was a herd of two hundred Arabian stallions which were kept ready by Bahadur Khan to be presented to Aurangazeb. Needless to say, the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 220 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE SOUVENIR

HE army was on the move. It And then his eyes narrowed. These were was an expedition at which tell-tale signs that his army had marched TChhatrapati Shivaji advanced as far that way. “Is this desolation caused by as Kanya Kumari. On the advanced as far my soldiers ? Has my order, not to give as Kanya Kumari. ON the way, the pious trouble to the civilians, been ignored ?” Shivaji issued a declaration to his army – On and on Shivaji travelled, immersed in “It is our desire to visit the many sacred deep thought. But the horse and the rider shrines that line the western coast. So were exhausted, thirsty and hungry. the army may march ahead and camp at Goa, where we shall join it. On our There was a thatched hut in front and pilgrimage we shall be accompanied by only somebody in it ! three or four bodyguards. The army must Leading his weary mount to the hut, Shivaji not give trouble to the civilian population. looked in and saw an old lady. These are our instructions.” “Yes, my man ?” the lady inquired as she The army headed for Goa while Shivaji, saw him. “Where have you come from and accompanied by his bodyguards visited what do you want ?” Udipi, Shringeri, Gokarna and many other holy places. On the way from Gokarna to After a slight pause Shivaji said, “I’ve come Majali, Shivaji’s horse suddenly ran wild. from Gokarna and have had nothing to eat for a whole day.” “Easy, boy, easy ! …..” Shivaji said, trying to control his fleet-footed steed. But the “Dear Man,” the old lady exclaimed. “Let horse galloped at full speed into a forest, me see if those looters have left anything.” leaving the bodyguards far behind. “Looters, madam ?” Shivaji repeated. By the time the horse was brought under “Yes,” the woman said bitterly. “The other control and came back to the route, there day Shivaji’s army went this way and looted was no sign of the bodyguards. Now Shivaji the villages. Didn’t you see the deserted was alone. On the way to Medangere, houses of villagers who ran away in fright?” Shivaji looked about him and a puzzled look came into his eyes. For, many villages that Shivaji was silent. he passed were deserted. “I’ve heard he is a good man,” the old “Strange,” he murmured. “Some houses woman continued. “I wonder how he allows are locked but some have their doors open his army to do such things.” as if the occupants left in a great hurry...” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 221 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji was still silent. The woman scraped held the broom with which she was about up some rice and gave him a hot meal. He to sweep her courtyard. ate the food with gratitude, thanked the She held it out and said in all simplicity, woman and resumed the last lap of his “This is all that I now possess to give to journey to his army’s camp in Goa. him.” A couple of days later, as the old woman The broom was taken to Chhatrapati. He came out in the morning to sweep her looked at it thoughtfully and said, “ A good courtyard, she saw a couple of Maratha gift. It will remind us always to sweep soldiers approaching her. away impurities from our mind and those The aged eyes flamed up in anger. of our followers.”

“Yes, is there anything left to loot now ?” The lowly broom was decorated with a She asked sarcastically. silver handle and from then it was taken wherever Chhatrapati went, as a message But the soldiers hung their heads in shame. of cleanliness and purity. “We’re sorry, mother,” they replied. “Whatever we did was against the Chhatrapati’s orders. We ask for your forgiveness and that of all villagers. He has sent you golden bangles as a gift, in a gratefulness for the one meal he had at your house.”

“Meal ?” the woman’s eyes opened wide. “Then, was that young man Chhatrapati Shivaji himself ?”

“Yes,” and he has also asked for a memento of his visit to your hospitable home.

“A memento ? A memento from a poor woman to the Chhatrapati ?” the woman mustered in amazement. Then she looked about her empty dwelling. Suddenly her eyes turned to her hands. In them she VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 222 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE CONCESSION AND THE LOSS

HINCHWAD is a village situated fourth day of waxing half of the lunar month south-west of Poona. It is on (known as Sankashti Chathurthi) to all. The Cthe banks of river Pavna. Moraya fair also provided opportunity for rejoicing Gosavi was a devotee of Lord Ganapati and merriment. and a famous yogin. Tukaram, Ramdas Grain, ghee, jaggery, salt, coconuts etc. Swami and Moraya Gosavi were were used in large quantities. The generals contemporaries. It is believed that Horayo serving in Adilshahi had provided all the Gosavi attained Jiva Samadhi. His son, facilities for this fair. There was a special Chintamani Maharaj Dev, also a devotee concession, shown to Narayan Maharaj for of Ganapati, had his Samadhi situated to the purchase of the required material. the east of the one dedicated to Moraya Gasavi. Chintamani’s son, Narayan Maharaj He was allowed to purchase rice, salt, Dev also rose to fame by the grace of the coconuts and other things from Pen, Lord Ganapati. It only indicates that Panvel, Nagothana and such market Chinchwad had been a seat of devotion centres, at extraordinarily low rates. It for three generations. There also stand was a “right” , a privilege given to samadhis of some yogis and a beautiful devotees. The real meaning of this idol of Lord Ganesh received by Moraya concession was that Narayan Maharaj could Gosavi while in penance at one place, purchase all the required material at just a Chinchwad. Narayan Maharaj had been “nominal”, Price, irrespective of the ruling revered by many a general of his time. It current market rate. It was a special “right” is said that some generals of Adilshahi and vesting with that place of pilgrimage. Mughalshahi also had a respect for him. Narayan Maharaj’s clerk visited these Shivaji Maharaj’s devotion to Narayan market places in season and purchased Maharaj was well known and Narayan innumerablebags full of these items. The Maharaj had great liking for Shivaji. For bags were mounted on the bullocks. The these reasons Chinchwad had become a bullocks climbed the ghat from Konkan and place of worship as well as pilgimage. came to Chinchwad.

A huge religious fare was held at Chinchwad Later on, the boundaries of Shivaji’s on the 4th, 5th and 6th day;s of Agrahayan territory extended upto the sea. The rules every year. This fair was considered to be and regulations of Swarajya were applicable a gathering in holy commemoration of the to all alike. Maharaj had appointed his Mahasamadhi of Moraya Gasavi. The fair own officers in these areas, as well. used to be a great occasion. Thousands Maharaj had already amended the rules and thousands of devotees were given that affected the average farmers food, and Mahaprasad was served on the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 223 SHIVAJI IN STORIES adversely and cancelled all the special “It is really strange ! Even under foreign titles. However, the question of the rule we got all the concessions and facilities concession of “low rates” of purchase for religious purposes. But now, this is the granted to Narayan Maharaj was still not rule of our own Shivaji Maharaj ! And you settled. No doubt, the farmers who had are denying us our rights. Is it justice ? to sell their produce at such specially “low Does it conform to the ideas of Maharaj’s rates” suffered a loss. There was some religion ?” asked the clerk. injustice in it, and it did not fit in with the “Yes, This is justice ! You never knew and regulations in Shivaji’s administration. Of never gave a thought to the poor farmers course, Narayan Maharaj did not carry the who suffered due to concessions granted goods for his personal use. He carried it to you,” replied the officer. only for religious and philanthropic purposes. But, that could not help prevent in any “Sir, you know pretty well that the goods way the loss incurred by the farmers and that we take from here are not utilised in retailers. It was a continuing practice marriages of the sons and daughters of carried on every year. Heaps of goods the temple staff ! We do it in the interests had to be sold at phenomenally low price ! of the festival, to propitiate the Gods !” explained the clerk. It was again the annual occasion. Narayan Maharaj’s clerk turned up as usual for “I do agree ! But does that factor prevent shopping. A huge gathering of servants the harm being done to the poor farmer ? and bullocks accompanied the clerk. Shivaji Maharaj does not appreciate this Officers and guards of Swarajya were on practice ! You had better obtain a letter duty. They stopped the huge procession. of authority from Mahraj. Then, and only Then the clerk asked,”Why do you stop us then will you be allowed to purchase goods ? We are the people Shree Narayan Deo at special rate !” said the officer with all Maharaj and have come for the purchases, the firmness he could muster. as we do every year.” “But, Sir, your Shivaji Maharaj is a well- “You cannot purchase the goods at any known devotee of our Narayan Maharaj. specially ‘low rates’. You will have to How do you think he will stop the purchase at market price,” said the officer. concession ? Be reasonable !” pleaded the clerk. “Oh ! We have been purchasing our requirements at ‘low rates’ year after year. “Yes, but you know that we are obeying Even Badshah did not oppose this practice. Shivaji Mahraj now. It will be in your In fact, he offered additional concessions interest to obtain the letter of authority. to Shree Narayan Maharaj.” Explained the And then we shall allow you.” The officer clerk. cooly replied.

“That was the rule of Badshah then. Now, “Now that we are helpless, the onlycourse we are in Swarajya – our own rule,” the open to us is to obtain the letter of officer insisted. authority,” said the clerk in all helplessness. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 224 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The clerk narrated the whole incident to cannot be any purchase in this way any Shree Narayan Maharaj. The latter was, more!” of course, surprised. He sent his men to Moropant simply stared at him ! Before he Shivaji Mahraj at Raigarh and requested could utter a word, Maharaj continued, him that he should be allowed the usual “Pant, yes, this must be stopped ! It is concession. irreligious to make the Narayan Deo’s men brought poor farmer suffere ! the letter to Raigarh. Shivaji Issue the orders and Maharaj touched his fore- forward it to Narayan head with it reverently, as it Maharaj !” came from a great devotee The orders were issued of the lord. Pant (Moropant) and was dulyl received read out the letter to by Narayan Maharaj. Maharaj. Maharaj Narayan Maharaj never understood the whole case. expected such a Here was a problem ; on the shocking letter, from one hand, the purchases Shivaji Maharaj of all were being made for a the persons ! religious purpose, on the other, the farmers suffered “This is a different due to the extremely low price Maharaja,” he said : at which they were forced to “let us purchase the sell their goods ! This requirements at the happened every year in the same manner prevailing rates !” ! Was there a solution ? What would be The very next day, Maharaj sent a letter his decision ? to Narayan Maharaj. It was written with Maharaj paused for a minute, and then told all respect, love and humility. It indicated Moropant, “Pant, send a Government order that all the goods that would be required to Shree Narayan Maharaj that his usual by Narayan Maharaj for religious purposes, ‘right’ for the concessional purchased is and for feeding the devotiees, would be cancelled with immediate effect. There sent to him at Mahraj’s own expenses and that he need not worry about payment ! VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 225 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE RETURN

HUDA has offered a kingdom to that in every respect. Aurangazeb decided to wily Maratha ! This is really too send him to Deccan to tackle Shivaji. He Kmuch !” Aurangazeb said to himself. thought that the general in his mind was He had pitched his might against Shivaji the only one who could defeat Shivaji and for more than sixteen years now. Lakhs that was Muhammed Kuli Khan. and lakhs of soldiers were sent to his area Muhammed Kuli Khan! Would it be possible to capture him alive or dead. Countless to recognise him now ? He had left cannons and rifles had been wasted. Maharashtra nine years ago ! He was not Having tried all sorts of methods to a Hindu any more. He passed the last nine annihilate him this strange Shjivaji was still years of his life in unknown areas of Kabul alive. An unaccountable amount of wealth Kandahar where he fought the Pathans on was being wasted on Deccan from Delhim, behalf of the Mughal Empire. Aurangazeb Burhanpur and Aurangabad, yet it was had converted him to Islam by force. He Shivaji who proved successful always. was not taking any chances. The shrewd Shaista Khan, Diler Khan, Jaswant Singh, Aurangazeb had sent him to the northern Daud Khan and Mahabat Khan were all regions instead of sending him to fight miserably humiliated by him. He made a against Shivaji, immediately after his fool of Bahadur Khan. Only Mirza Raja could conversion. This same Kuli Khan was once keep check on him and sent to Agra. But the commander-in-chief of Shivaji’ s army. what was the use? He had slipped away The same Maratha warrior, commander-in- from under his very nose. He was at his chief of Maharaj, became Muhammed Kuli wit’s end. Who was there to oppose his Khan now. Formerly he was known as Netaji steady progress? Palkar. He was arrested by Aurangazeb by Thus did Aurangazeb think. To his treacherous means and later converted to knowledge all had been tried and proved Islam. useless. Some of them had finished their He had never reconciled to this conversion. turn. Now it was necessary to recall It was at the point of the sword that he Bahadur Khan as he was totally fooled by had been persuaded to accept Islam. Shivaji, and he was getting defeated by Aurangazeb was not too kind, nor was he Adil Shah generals, as well. stupid. He took all care to see that Netaji Thus did his thoughts run on when would go to Kabul to fight the Afghans suddenly Aurangazeb remembered the name and remain there for an indefinite period, of a very powerful warrior, one of the most so that he could forget his earlier years. brilliant, most valiant and intelligent Years rolled on in apparently endless generals. He would be a match for Shivaji succession. It seemed that he had VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 226 SHIVAJI IN STORIES forgotten Maharashtra. One other thought Maharaj !” Netaji Palkar put these questions that painfully possessed him was “Who will to himself. Then a tornado of thoughts accept me in Maharashtra now? Who would shot through his mind. He was obliged to own me now ?” However, what probably go to Deccan, because it was an order of awaited his return was humiliation and Aurangazeb Badshah. dishonour. Aurangazeb selected one more general to Then the bolt fell. Muhammed Kuli Khan accompany him. He had already remained received an order from Aurangazeb. It said, in Deccan for a long time. It was Diler “Go to Deccan”. One can only imagine Khan, the general who tried his level best how he must have felt on receiving that to defeat the Marathas ; but unfortunately he could not even create a dent. The only things he was successful in was to restrain the swift movements of the Marathas. This time, Diler Khan was to command with Kuli Khan as his assisstant. That was what Aurangazeb had planned.

Mughal soldiers started on their march. Muhammed Kuli Khan accompanied them. As he approached Maharashtra after a lapse of nine years a storm raged within him. One thought nagged him continuousely … go back….. go back.

Then he thought “How would Maharaj receive him ?” What would he say ? What would he think of me, of my conversion, of one who had left the Swarajya fold ? Would I be the target of his temper ? Would he order. Memories of the past would have send me back ? This was not time. “I fitted past his mental vision. Those familiar must go back to Maharaj”, he said to mountains, rivers, temples, Maharaj, and himself. “I must go back.” Jija Bai Sahib all stood etched in his mind Aurangazeb thought that Netaji would now one after another. And, these scenes have become a confirmed Muslim. That moved past fort Panhala, anger of Maharaj, was why he was assigned the Deccan his own disagreement with Maharaj and campaign. Netaji, on the contrary, was service with Adil Shah, and then his arrrest, waiting for an opportunity to leap out. The Kabul Kandahar, and those nine years, all Mughal army advanced step by step. On them. And, now he was detailed to fight a certain day Netaji stalked strealthily out Maharaj ! Should he fight against his own of the camp. The how and where of his Motherland ? Should he fight against escape is lost to history. It is certain that VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 227 SHIVAJI IN STORIES he escaped from the Mughal camp. Maharaj AN ENCOUNTER was at Raigarh. Every brick and stone of Raigarh was known to him. He was very eager to see Maharaj. WITH THE TUSKER

After a long march he reached Raigarh. The one time commander-in-chief now returned to same fort, an unknown man. HIVAJI Maharaj entered Bhaga Then Maharaj and Netaji met. That which Nagar. The cavalry elephant was transpired then can hardly be put into Swalking leisurely ahead. Theochre words. Feelings mingled and hearts sang flag of Maharaj was fluttering in all its glory. ………. One who had been given up for lost Royal bugles sounded. The strains of was now back. martial music heralded the Maratha cavalry that was approaching. In the midst of Maharaj decided to forget everything. them the royal elephant, decked in a Netaji was after all his bosom friend. He colourful cloth of embroidered gold was could not afford to treat him like a stranger. walking at a dignified pace. Shivaji Maharaj He should return to the religion of his sat canopied upon the elephant. Two fathers. Was there no means by which servants fanned the Maharaj with chowries, this could be done ? There must be! while a third held a colourful umbrella over Muhammed Kuli Khan should once again his head. Two musketeers with golden become ‘Shri Netaji Palkar’. staffs in their hands marched ahead of that Maharaj decided to perform a Shuddhi royal elephant and shouted, “Maharaj, ceremony for him and received him back Kshatriya Kulavatansa, Maharajadhiraj, into the Hindu fold with due religious rites. Simhasanadhishwar Shivaji Maharaj.”

Finally, on the 19th of June, 1676 Netaji re- Immediately the royal bugles responded. entered the religion of his fathers, as All the streets, houses, court-yards, sanctioned by rituals. It was a virtual re- terraces and manors in Bhag Nagar were birth to him. What is conversion ? And full of men, women and children. what is ‘Shuddhi’? Is it just like donning a Shivaji Maharaj was leisurely watching the new dress ? If enlightened faith is deepest, crowds in the capital of Abul Hassan Kutub revived faith is strongest ! Shah. Thousand and thousands of people flocked to see this Maratha King.

Slowly Shivaji went towards Dad Mahal. Hazrat Kutub Shah was well prepared to welcome the royal guest. Although Kutub Shah would have welcomed him directly it was the wish of the Maharaj that he should go to him instead, as he considred Kutub Shah as his elder brother. Such was the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 228 SHIVAJI IN STORIES respect shown by Shivaji to Kutub Shah. Kutub Shah took personal care of Shivaji, The Badshah (Kutub Shah) sent his and attended to his needs. ambassador and commander-in-chief to One day Kutub Shah got up an elephant receive the Royal guest who was arriving fight, which was then in vogue as part of at the palace steadily to the royal sports. Shivaji was invited to witness accompaniment of musical instruments. it as an honoured guest and he readily In fact, the Badshah was growing nervous. responded. He knew what Shivaji had done to Afzal The arena for the elephant fight was got Khan, Shaista Khan, Baji Ghorpade, Namdar ready. The galleries were decorated with Khan, and others. The same Shivaji was silken fringes. Special arrangements had coming to see the Badshah. been made for the seating of the chieftains Shivaji reached the gate of Dad Mahal. A and other dignitaries. All the important hearty welcome was accorded to him. personalities at the Darbar were invited Maharaj descended. Important chieftains and were present in response to the of Badshah accompanied him and they invitation. proceeded towards the palace. The field was packed with spectators. Shivaji entered Dad Mahal. It was richly Elephants, Mahouts, servants, all were decorated. Kutub Shah got up from his ready. Kutub Shah and Shivaji Maharaj seat and came forward, smiling, to greet sat close to each other. Shivaji. Though he wore a smile on his At a given signal the elephant fight started. face, the Badshah was plagued by doubts. Shrill trumpeting filled the air. The champion Shivaji extended his hands to embrace elephants charged at each other. Mahouts Badshah. The latter, too, made a similar were shouting, enthusing and guiding the move. They embraced each other. At elephants in their attack. Spectators, too, that moment, Kutub Shah realised that his joined in the cheering. Shivaji appeared suspicious were baseless. mightily pleased, enjoying the sport They exchanged gifts. Their conversation thoroughly. The Badshah was very glad was very cordial and friendly, revealing to observe and watch Shivaji’s appreciation mutual regard. Kutub Shah was immensely of the whole course of the sport. He felt pleased and greatly impressed by the proud of his great beasts. He turned to dignified demeanour of Shivaji. He was a Shivaji : “Maharaj, how did you like my cultured person himself. He came to know elephant ?” “Incomparable, indeed, the Maratha way of hospitality. excellent !” exclaimed Shivaji. Highly pleased at the remark, Kutub Shah queried, Then Maharaj went to stay at the place of “Have you any elephant of this kind in your residence reserved for him in Bhag Nagar. treasure ?” “Yes ! Why one ? There are Kutub Shah made every effort to see that so many elephants of this sort with us !” Shivaji felt comfortable. Shviaji stayed on Maharaj replied. for a number of days. There were reciprocal demonstrations. Days passed “Really ?” Badshah’s wonder was mounting. in friendly exchange of views and ideas. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 229 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Yes, in fact I have many of them,” said came close, Yesaji quickluy dodged him. Shivaji. The elephant turned about the charged again and Yesaji evaded the elephant Kutub Shah’s curiosity was roused, “Have adroitly again. The elephant now becoming you brought anyone of them with you?” furious was charging with terrific force, but Shah questioned. Yesaji, nimble on his feet, was dodging him “Yes, quite a few” replied Shivaji. every time. The more angry the elephant grew the more Yesaji dodged him. Every “Is that so ? Will you let one of them come time the elephant charged, he got his head up to the arena to fight an elephant of beaten against the wall, for Yesaji every ours ?” asked Badshah. time managed to evade the blow and step “Why not ? certainly !” Shivaji assented. aside. And at every such move he struck the tusker hard with his sword. That made Kutub Shah’s curiosity reached new heights. the elephant more and more furious. He Immediately, he ordered for the strongest was trying to seize Yesaji in his trunk and elephant to be brought in. A huge tusker smash him to the ground, but all his appeared on the field. He was loud in attempts proved unsuccessful. The trumpeting his strength, raising dust as he spectators, including Kutub Shah, watched moved furiously across the field. The this deadly sport holding their breath ; one spectators were eagerly awaiting the arrival could clearly see what the fate of Yesaji of his rival ! Kutub Shah himself was eager would have been, if only the tusker could to see Shivaji’s elephant that would match succeed once. this mighty tusker of his. Suddenly, Maharaj flanked towards the right and Suddenly, Yesaji took the offensive and raised his eye-brows, and he signalled with himself attacked the elephant. The latter a nod and his brave commander Yesaji was also seen advancing towards Yesaji. Kunk, straightway stepped forward and It looked as if the tide had turned now, saluted Maharaj. Kutub Shah thought that and Yesaji was to be smashed. The he was going to fetch an elephant. But, elephant came closer and closer …… ! And to the surprise of all, Yesaji removed his there was a shrill cry, - how terrific ! Blood golden coloured sword, held it in his right sprayed as from a fountain and soaked the hand and himself entered the field. All the earth. It happened within the fraction of spectators gasped in wonder as they a second, confusion reigned as the realised that it was this man, not an spectators thought that Yesaji was smashed elephant, that was going to fight the tusker by the powerful tusker. Then they heaved at Kutub Shah’s court. Yesaji was a man a sigh of relief, when they saw that Yesaji of ordinary stature, but it was a sight to had cut the trunk of the elephant with his see him fight the mightiest of elephants. sword. The elephant fell down, and Yesaji walked up to Kutub Shah and Shivaji with Yesaji raised his sword and gave a lion’s a smile of triumph. roar challenging the tusker. The elephant charged towards him, trumpeting, raising a cloud of dust. As soon as the elephant VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 230 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE KNIGHT

N the scorching heat of the mid- door and Shivaji went to the only window day sun, two riders were galloping of the hut. along a road leading from Golkonda to I As they stood listening, the sobs became Bijapur. Only two months back it had louder and then were heard half-whispered teemed with life, with throngs of people words …… “Forgive me, Goddess Bhavani, on their way to Raigarh to watch the but now there is no other way to save my coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji. But now honour but to kill myself …….” it was desolate. The two riders passed through village after village and all were At a signal from Shivaji, Netaji burst into deserted. Then one of the riders asked the house – and stood still. the other : “Why isn’t anybody living in A young woman was preparing to hand these villages ? Are they not within the herself before an idol of Bhavani. With a Swaraj ….?” The question came from sudden stroke of his word, Netaji cut the Netaji palker. noose. Then in a kindly tone he asked, “Alas, Yes,” answered his companion, none “my good lady, what has befallen you that other than Shivaji, “but they are so far you should want to end your life in such a out on the border that we cannot ghastly manner ?” effectively protect them from Mughal “My honour, Sir,” – the woman replied marauders …..” amidst sobs. With the sun high overhead, the profusely “Your honour is safe now, lady” - Netaji prespiring riders halted under the shade of replied softly. “You are now in the Swaraj a tree and looked about for a pond or steam of Chhatrpati Shivaji …. And with Raghoji to slake their thirst. as his general, no one dare dishonour a “There, by the side of a lovely hut, is a woman. Don’t you know that tomorrow pool …..” Shivaji pointed, and the two led Shivaji is going to honour him in public and their mounts in that direction. make him Commande-in-chief of the Maratha army ?” The hut stood almost on the bund of the pool, and looked deserted. At the mention of Raghoji’s name the woman started – and then broke down. Then her Netaji led the two horses to the edge of story was told …. It was general Raghoji the water – and stiffened somewhat, as a himself who wanted to dishonour her ! Her muffled sob came from within the hut. husband had been a soldier under Raghoji, Shivaji also heard it and motioned to his and he had been killed in action…. Raghoji companion. Swiftly, Netaji went to the had once come with him to his house and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 231 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Advancing into the room, Raghoji seemed had seen her….. And now that she was to be leering at the woman as his eyes left alone he wanted to take advantage of took on a wolfish look. He gruffly said : her situation…… She had often resisted “Tonight I won’t go back without …… Now him, but this had made him all the more there is no one to save you.” avaricious…. And he was coming over the next day, to-to- ….. Then what course “There is” - the two calm words cut in was there for her but to put an end to her like a knife across the room. Raghoji spun life…….? around – and then stood rooted to the spot. Before him stood Shivaji, his eyes In deep silence Netaji listened to the whole smouldering like live coals. By his side story, - so did Shivaji who stood on the stood Netaji, his sword drawn. other side of the window. “Raghoji,” Shivaji said sternly, “had I not As Netaji turned to the door, he said with heard this from the lady herself, I would quiet assurance, “Lady, there is no need not have believed that a brave general of to kill yourself……. There will now be no mine would stoop to such evil deeds …..” danger to your honour - I promise that !” Raghoji stood still, his head bowed. He closed the door behind him and joined Shivaji. As the two men rode away into “Raghoji,” Shivaji continued slowly, “you the distance, not a word was exchanged. are dismissed from my service – and I Shivaji’s eyes looked into the distance, as banish you from Swaraj.” if searching for something. “But, Maharaj Netaji whispered, “ you’d On reaching Raigarh, Shivaji made a brief be losing a very able general !” announcement : “Tomorrow’s function to “I know,” Shivaji firmly replied, “but I do honour Raghoji has been postponed.” not mind. If I lose a general, I can get Everybody was surprised. Raghoji another – but once a lady loses her honour, wondered. But Shivaji said nothing. The she can never get it back.” next day, in the gathering darkness of night, a horseman stealthily stepped out of the fort. He was unaware of two other horsemen who were watching him and that they were on his trail.

About an hour later there was a knock at the door of the lonely hut by the pond. The door was opened - and the woman stepped back with a gasp of despair. It was Raghoji, came to dishonour. Then what about the promise of yesterday’s stranger ? VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 232 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

HER DEFIANCE

keep thou her glory unsullied, us. Why should he attack us ?” asked unshorn, the Queen. O “But Your Majesty, our intelligence report states that the marching force’s intentions And guard the invincible hope of our are hostile. They may force an entry into nation.” our terriotry any time.”

AS Queen Savitribai entered the court, The Queen was lost in thought. After a everybody stood up in respectful attention. long moment of silence, she spoke with The Queen cast a benign glance all round, calm and confidence : “I shall think that smiled and took her royal seat. As a matter they cannot be our enemies. But if they of routine, she began listening to reports behave like foes, force will be met with from various parts of her small kingdom of force.” Bellar;y Taluqa. The court rose. Suddenly, the chief guard from the border came in. He appeared very much The Marathas did not heed the warning of perturbed. Something seemed to have the Bellary Queen. gone wrong. After all, they were a victorious people. “Your Majest !” the guard bowed low and At that time, none of their neighbours dared said, “our borders, nay the very kingdom, face their might. So they marched into is in danger.” Bellary territory also. But the victory- intoxicated and care-free Marathas could “What !” the noblemen exclaimed. Their not face the sharp onslaught of the Queen’s hands instinctively reached for the hilts of force. They were pushed back and warned their swords. not to enter Bellary territory again.

“Give us the full report,” commanded the The Maratha Senapati Sakuji Gaikawad Queen calmly. stood arrogantly in Bellary’s royal court. He had sought an interview with Queen “Your Majest ! After their victorious Savitribai. expedition in Karnatak, Shivaji forces are marching towards our borders.” “Yes ?” the Queen asked.

“But Shivaji would never attack us. Never. “So, Your Majesty has given a nice We have done nothing against him. And reception to the Marathas !” Sakuji said his declared goal is equally cherished by sarcastically. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 233 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “We are very particular about visitors. To Savitribai entered Shivaji’s court. She was give them appropriate reception has been defeated but defiant. Her eyes were afire our proud tradition. Any complaint ?” with rage.

“Hm ! And you intend to repeat it ?” “I hear that you have suffered much,” Shivaji said softly, almost apologetically. “Of course ; if you intend to repeat your forced entry.” “I am not sorry for that,” said Savitribai.

“I think the Queen should have a greated “I am determined to offer compensation.” awareness of Maratha might. Nobody likes “I am not interested in your compensations. to incur their displeasure. It will be good Do as you like.” for you if you consider the consequences of your attitude.” Now Shivaji turned towards Sakuji. IN a solemn voice he said, “Sakuji, listen ! Ours “Consequences ? Anything more than is not a band of robbers. Each one of us is death ? We do not fear death, but we dedicated to one goal – the goal of Swaraj. resent humiliation. You can go.” And Swaraj does not mean Maratha tyranny Senapati Sakuji Gaikwad’s forces encircled imposed upon our own compatriots. How Bellary. A fierce battle ensued. Savitribai’s could you dare attack Bellary ? So many forces put up a gallant defence for 26 days. precious lives are lost. I ask, for what ? But they knew well that they could not And, you whipped the Queen ? How could hold out for long against the more powerful you insult a woman ? Sakuji ! You have Maratha force. At last, they tried with all insulted my mother. What a shame ! You their might on the 27th day to repel the are dismissed in disgrace, here and now !” Marathas. But they failed. Queen Savitribai And now Shivaji turned towards Savitribai was herself wounded and taken captive. : “Mother, a horrible crime has been Little Bellary’s tough resistance had filled committed by my man. I earnestly beg Sakuji with rage. Savitribai must be taught your pardon. Won’t you pardon your own a lesson. She was severly whipped. son?” Chhatrapati Shivaji’s court was full. Tears gathered in Savitribai’s eyes. She Senapati Sakuji was reporting his victorious looked towards Shivaji with motherly expedition to Karnatak. In the end, he affection. And Shivaji saw in her the form added : “And, sir, now I have to present of Jija Bai. He rose, touched her feet and to you, quite an unusual gift. It is Bellary’s stood shining inhis victory. And Savitribai Queen Savitribai – now our captive. She ? There she, too, stood, the victorious dared to defy the Maratha might. I have mother of a victorious son ! ! taught her a fine lesson. She ……”

“I have got the report,” Shivaji cut him short and ordered, “the Queen may be brought in with all due respect.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 234 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE BLANK PAPER

HIVAJI MAHARAJ knew no rest he would read the letter at night on that or respite. He was always day. Sengaged in enhancing the prosperity Balaji confirmed and turned to other of the territories he had acquired by hard matters. On that day there was more work struggle. He had no time to wait, to halt than usual. There was a heavy rush of or to feel tired. He handled all matters of clerks, officers and lieutenants, whose administration personnaly and the problems had to be attended to. There Secretary had to aid him in all of them. was not a minute to spare. Bags and bags His Secretary remained with him always. of mail poured in and the secretary was To be a secretary to Shivaji Maharaj was reading them one by one. At the same as good as becoming a Charioteer to the time Maharaj was dictating the reply to sun ! But, Balaji Aoji Chitre held this difficult each letter. responsibility with remarkable skill. The whole day passed like this. Balaji had Whatever Maharaj undertook, be it a plan to run from place to place. It was night. of attack, or writing letters, or conversation The secretary presented himself in front with strangers, the secretary had to be of Shivaji. Maharaj was sitting on a beside him. Repairs to the forts, careful mattress, leaning against a cushion. A attention to the eighteen factories and torch-bearer was standing a little farther twelve Mahals was all part of his away with a burning torch in his hand. All responsibility. All the secret plans were to of a sudden, Maharaj remembered the letter be executed by him. He had to accompnay which he had told Balaji to write. He asked Maharaj wherever he went. Even the family Balaji, “Balaji, have you written the letter quarrels, ceremonies, in-coming and out- ?” going relatives of Shivaji;’s had to be attended to by his secretary. This The secretary was struck dumb. He had continuous grind left him completely no time to write it as he was busy. But exhausted. Maharaj had not forgotten it. He asked Balaji again : “Have you written the letter?” On one occasion, Shivaji told Balaji orally about some details of a letter to be written. Now Balaji was in a dilemma. If he said The letter was important and it was to be “Yes,” it would not be true. If he said sent to the Subedar of Southern Konkan. “No,” then the consequences would be Maharaj was in a hurry and told Balaji to worse. He thought for a moment and chose keep the letter ready by night. Since the to say, “Yes, sir, I have written it.” Thinking messenger was to go next morning he said that he could write it the next morning VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 235 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and keep it ready for the mail bag, he asked him to show the well-written letter replied in the affirmative. ! And he raised his hands to take it from Balaji. There was no escape now. The “Read it then,” ordered Maharaj. Now, torch-bearer was also perturbed. Maharaj Balaji was really in a fix. What should he once again said, “A letter should be written read ? He had written nothing. He managed like this. Give me that letter.” to keep calm. He took out a piece of blank paper and held it in front of himself. As he At last Balaji handed over the paper to was about to read the letter, the torch- him. Maharaj saw that the paper was bearer came closer. The bright light blank, and smiled. Balaji felt that his very illumined the paper and Balaji started : life was ebbing out. Shivaji Maharaj smiled “Shree Tulja Bhavani…..” Without a single all the more, seeing the man’s confusion. pause, he continued to read. Maharaj was Balaji spoke apologetically : “Sir, please listening to it attentively. The torch-bearer excuse me. I was busy throughout the looked at the “letter” . To his surprise, he day. I did not have time even for a single noted that it was totally blank. He was moment. That is why I could not write astonished. He raised his neck slightlyand the letter. I was going to write it at night.” found that Balaji was reading the blank paper without hesitation or pause. A broad “But you are very clever in reading from a smile lit up his face. Balaji was alarmed. blank paper,” said Maharaj, and laughed Nevertheless, he continued to read. The heartily. The torch-beared also joined him. restrained laughter attracted the attention “Bravo Balaji ! I am proud of having a of Shivaji Maharaj. He turned to the torch- brilliant secretary like you. I am really bearer and asked him the cause of his fortunate,” said Shivaji. Balaji’s eyes were amusement. moist with gratitude.

The torch-bearer was frightened, but held his peace. “Nothing, Sir.” And he became very serious. Balaji, however, did not give in. Maharaj told him to continue reading and Balaji proceeded as if he had not stopped at all. There was fluency in the reading, and apparently Maharaj felt satisfied. The letter ended.

Balaji was sweating all over. But Shivaji Maharaj was very, very happy. He said, “Oh, how nicely you have written the letter. Your text is bette than what I dictated to you.” Balaji was happy not because of the compliments from Maharaj, but because of the relief. But then, Maharaj VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 236 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

ON THE TOP OF SHRI SHAILA

N the auspicious morning of plans? If necessary, His Majesty would Vijaya Dasami the gates of himself inform his mother about the ORaigad were thrown open. The expedition. drums began to beat. The trumpet gave a But the people started guessing whenever beckoning call and twenty-five thousand the Maratha forces followed King Shivaji veterans rushed out on war-hungry studs. on his expeditions. Raigad was used to this experience. On What was the expedition planned by His the auspicious morn of Vijaya Dasami, the Majesty this time? Marathas crossed the frontiers every year, to carry on their standard to new ‘King Shivaji wants to terrorise the navy of provinces. the enemy …. He wants to conquer Honavar …..’ What was the plan of His Majesty this time ? Who would dare ask ? Nay, not even ‘Nay – His Majesty is very pious ….. He Hambir Rao, the Commander-in-Chief, dared wants to visit the great Saint to ask King Shivaji about the expand the Maunibaba……..! Kingdom (Swaraj) and mount the horses ‘No – the king wants his share of patrimony on order – this was the rule – chalked out ….. He wants, therefore, to reach a by none – but understood by all. Not even settlement with his step brother the queen-mother Jija Bai would question Vyankoji…..’ his Majesty as to the expedition, for that would mean a bad omen; the queen-mother Thus the guess work went on. His Majesty knew in her heart of hearts that a new kept the people guessing. His soldiers never dream of the Hindu Empire would blossom bothered …. Whatever the expedition…… forth when her blessed son marched out they were bound to get a chance to prove of his Kingdom. Her son was spilling his their mettle. precious blood to establish a godly kingdom, The troops crossed village after village……. on this earth – a kingdom where nobody The thundering hoofs of the horses would be subjected to any atrocities, nor awakened the villagers ….. The children the soul to any compulsions; this was the clung to their mothers….. but they divine desire. It was in obedience to the abandoned fear at the sight of the Maratha divine desire that King Shivaji carried his troops. The Maratha troops never standard to the different corners of the harassed the people of their own kingdom nation. Goddess Bhavani had blessed him. or a friendly kingdom. Hard cash must be He was bound to be victorious. Where given for anything the troops wanted…. was the need to question him about his VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 237 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The trees must be cared for like children…… The General took orders ; didn’t question no damage was to be done to the farms of about the target of the expedition ; and the citizens ….. if necessary, compensation rushed out to do the behests. must be given – these were the strict The drums began to beat again when the orders of His Majesty; and the Marathas, general left with his troops. The soldiers who pillaged the enemy territory, obeyed mounted their steeds. A rumour spread these orders with strict discipline, because that revenge was to be taken upon the the penalty was death. The rich, therefore, commander of the Fort of Belgaum. But were not forced to conceal their gifts…… the troops marched towards Atapadai, The troops marched towards Kolhapur. crossed Sangole, Jat…. And after long They camped at Pargaon. His Majesty marches through forests reached visited the great saint Maunibaba. Bhagyanagari.

With the blessing of the saint the king Hambirrao executed the orders of His decided to start upon his expedition. Majesty, pillaged the territory of Bijapur Hambirrao, the Commander-in-Chief was and reached Bhagyanagari. summoned. When the General presented the booty to “General, we won’t spend from our treasure his majesty, a deep brooding look spread for this expedition. Whatever we require, over his face, and he softly queried, we must secure on our way to the “General, have we got any ornaments in south…..” said His Majesty, deeply the booty ?” engrossed with his plans. Hambirrao was surprised. His Majesty had “Yes, Sir…… Your Majesty may just order never so far bothered about the ornaments me…. And I will bring all the necessary in the booty. What was the object of this funds ……” said Hambirrao with confidence. query ? Perhaps the Queen.

“Sure. But you know General, we never Hambirrao was embarrassed. “We have harass friendly neighbours. How many ornaments in thousands ……. Sir…….. Her troops would you require for an expedition Majesty would very much appreciate…….” to the territory of Bijapur ?” “General …… don’t you know that the whole “My ten thousand veterans would do the of the booty is directly credited to the job…..” treasury with full accounts ?”

“Nay…… General …… you take along with His Majesty curtly said, “We wanted to you half of the army ….. you are to rush to know whether we have some ornaments Dharvad via Torgal, march through Raichur, for gentlemen.” cross Krishna and meet us near Hambirrao was ashamed of himself. He Bhagyanagari (Hyderabad)……” replied in low tone, “Sir…… we have fine “Yes, Sir…..” Hambir Rao bowed deeply. pearl necklaces……” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 238 SHIVAJI IN STORIES His Majesty ordered that all the necklaces “I personally tried to convince Tana Shah,” should be brought to him, chose a fine one replied Pralhadpant, “but at first he was and presented it to Hambirrao. not ready to meet Your Majesty.”

“What is this, Sir ?” exclaimed the General, “Why ?” A cloud passed over His Majesty’s “This rustic servant of Your Majesty does brow. not require these soft ornaments. Look – “Perhaps the Shah (Emperor) was reminded Sir….. there are so many marks of wounds of Shahistakhan and Afzal Khan. For a caused in the service of the nation…. What long time he obstinately refused to consent more decorations do I need ?” to a meeting. He said that he would give His Majesty’s face was flooded with a bright full authority to Madanna… where was the and happy smile. need for a royal meeting with your Majesty.”

“We understand ……. General……. Our His Majesty’s eyes twinkled. generals don’t require any ornaments to adorn themselves….….. but there are some who only value the ornaments and not the man who wears the ornaments, …… to impress such people we have to make use of even ornaments. We are out to establish an independent state…. A rule based on morality, equality, justice, it is divine desire….. and we don’t discard any means till the Hindu empire has been established…… The citizens of Kutubshahi must also be impressed with this fact….. and so we have decided that our nobles shall be luxuriously dressed like the nobles of any other empire…… We shall enter A loud laughter broke out….. Bhagyanagari in all pomp…. Prahladpant ….. see to it that our nobles are presented “At last Madanna and Akanna gave a with rich ornaments…..” personal guarantee, and the Shah consented….. The Shah was personally “Yes….. Sir……” said Prahladpant. going to receive your Majesty…… He was “Present them also with the rich dresses prepared to advance a few miles according that we have ordered.” to custom. But I gave him Your Majesty’s message. “Your Majesty need not “Yes…… Sir…….” advance. You are the elder brother.…. I “Did you fix our meeting with Tana Shah am the younger one …… This modest …. Prahladpant ?” asked His Majesty. message pleased the Shah so much that he ordered the whole capital to be VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 239 SHIVAJI IN STORIES luxuriously decorated to receive your friend ; True…. Tana Shah was his ally ; Majesty.” but have not friends betrayed ? The treachery of Aurangazeb was fresh in his But there was no need for such orders. memory … and yet. The whole capital richly decorated itself. Saffron was sprayed in front of the houses All doubts of Tana Shah were dissolved at and flags waved over them. Festoons went the noble sight of King Shivaji. And Shivaji up every gate. When king Shivaji entered returned with the promise of aid. Bhagyanagari, the citizens showered golden His Majesty marched with the artillery of flowers on him. the Shah on the southern expedition. The Tanashah started from the fort ; but His troops reached Kurnool and camped for Majesty requested him not to come down. rest. He ordered the troops to camp at the foot His Majesty was relaxing before his royal of the fort, selected only five nobles and tent and suddenly his eye was caught by with them started for the royal meeting. the blue green peaks of a mountain in the “Sir, Only five nobles ?” questioned north east. Hombirrao with the audacious “Which is that mountain, Janardanpant ?” disapprobation of a loyal servant. asked His Majesty. “Hambirrao ! ….. Blessing of the goddess “That is the Shri Shaila ….. Sir.” Answered Bhavani are with us…. What else do we Janardanpant, “There is the sacred temple want ?” quietly replied the king. of Shri Mallikarjuna…. It is the famous The loyal general did not like that His temple of Shiva…..” Majesty should stake his precious life in “The eyes of His Majesty glowed. In the this way ; but how otherwise can history month’s stay at Bhagyanagari, His Majesty be shaped ? was sunk in material pleasures. The Shah, His Majesty wanted to win the confidence Madanna, Akkanna, and other nobles of Tana Shah. The alliance of the Shah arranged parties in his honour. Presents was necessary for the success of the of gold and pearls were showered upon southern expedition. him. Arrogant wealth had bowed to him with humility. But wealth could never daze Tana Shah was taken aback. No this saintly king. His noble soul was Mohammedan ruler had placed so much faith indifferent to the royal pleasures. in any other ruler of his same creed ; and this dare devil of a king who constantly The king felt an urge to worship the sacred waged war against the Mohammedan Shri Shaila Mallikarjuna. His real self was tyrants had placed such an absolute faith awakened and he ordered, “General …. in a ruler of that creed ….. kept his troops Send all the troops to Atmakuta…. We shall at the foot of the fort… and had come to visit the Mallikarjuna temple with some meet Tana Shah as a friend would meet a select few ….” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 240 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Yes… Sir...” Hambirrao modesty said, “but His Majesty suddenly pulled up and bowed let me accompany your Majesty … this is to the ant-hill. Others were surprised and the land of the Bhilla bandits.:” confused. His Majesty smiled and said, “Perhaps a Valmiki might be doing his His Majesty smiled, “Hambirrao…. God has penance in the ant-hill.” blessed us …. Well….. if you wish to accompany us… come along with us….” The royal modesty added to the reverence that the royal retinue owed its master. Hambirrao was relieved when His Majesty accepted his suggestion. The royal retinue “Your Majesty is right…” said started on its journey to Shri Shaila. It Janardanpant, “it was at this place that the great Narad advised Valmiki. It was here that the great Saint started his penance. Even today the descendants of Valmiki or rather Valya, the bandit, stay in this part of the region. They are wayfarers. The passers-by are required to pay taxes to them.

“Is that so?” asked His Majesty smilingly, “then why didn’t they tax us ?”

“The tyrants and the bandits belong to the same category …. Sir they are the enemies of the weak,” ….. a caustic remark from was noon time when they reached Janardanpant. Nagalotu. The upward climb, started. The The royal company reached Bhimantole in stones looked as if they were polished. The a gay mood. The steep climb started there hoofs of the horses began to slip. On both onwards. Down below was the deep valley sides of the climb the bamboo jungles were : and the peak of Shri Shaila, kissing the thickly set. Here and there the big ant- blue skies, challenged the human breath. hills caught his eye. “That highest peak is known as Kailas” ; “We never find such big ant-hills in Janardanpant pointed to the peak and said, Maharashtra…” said Janardanpant pointing “To see Mallikarjuna from the peak is a very to an ant-hill that reached up to a man’s sacred experience….” height. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 241 SHIVAJI IN STORIES His Majesty piously made a deep bow to helpless and stayed at Shri Shaila looking the Kailas peak and began to climb with at Karthikeya from there with warmth and such a quick foot that Janardanpant was love.” exhausted. But all got their reward when The mythical legend reminded His Majesty they reached the top of the peak. It was of his son Sambhaji – but just for a moment an experience to be on the top of the peak. …. No worries……. No memories could last The fresh air , the cool exhilarating breeze here in his mind for more than a few and the absolute quiet…. So far away from moments. He felt a strange urge – as the world stretched down below…. One felt though some one was beckoning him – He moved to a totally different plane ; a retired into his own shell. strange feeling went through all – a feeling which could not be expressed in words ; His Majesty rushed to the temple without and yet it was so real, so powerful that speaking a word to anybody. Others quietly everybody felt what the other felt. What followed. When they reached the temple, was it ? An awareness…. That what was they were taken by surprise. How was so far experienced was untrue, unreal, such a magnificent temple built on the top flimsy, and deceptive; then what was the of the mountain ? The gates were so truth ? What was everlasting ? Where wide….that even an elephant could easily was it ? Here, Here ? On this Kailas peak cross…..the pinnacles smoothly tapering to ? Or still higher ? At the feet of their highest point were studded with Mallikarjuna ? fascinating sculpture… the fort-like stout walls of the temple, and the builders of His Majesty’s face changed. His sparkling the temple had not forgotten water tanks…. eyes were glowing with a pious, quiet, inner light. The lines of worry and caution on His Majesty was dazed at the sight of the his brow were dissolved, and his demeanour temple. was illuminated. “Sir…. The Krishna river is at a distance of “That is the temple of Mallikarjuna” Said three miles from here,” Janardanpant said. Janardanpant pointing to the old temple “People call it Neelanganga or Patalganga. on the mountain : There is a popular legend We can go and have a bath in the sacred about this temple. Once Kartikeya got waters of Neela Ganga….” annoyed with his parents, and went to the The royal company headed towards the Krounch Mountain. Both Shiva and Parvati river. tried to soothe him ; other gods also mediated but with no avail. So his parents His Majesty was excited at the sight of became unhappy and came to Shri Shaila Krishna. On both sides of the river, the to see their son. But when Kartikeya saw steep cliffs threateningly rose to the sky. them, he went farther to Lohachala and The bosom of Krishna was so large that it cursed that any woman who would climb reminded him of the sacred Ganges. The the mountain would be a widow for seven waves were dancing and the dark green births. Shiva and Parvati, therefore, felt waters were fascinating. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 242 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The magnificence of nature – whether of him back to the world which needed him the sea, or of the mountain, or of the river, so much ? makes man realise his utter insignificance. There was no other way but to wait and Why should it be so ? Why should one feel hope ……hope that this spiritual absorption that one is so near to God ? would exhaust itself. His Majesty’s mind turned inwards. And The night passed ……the new morn dawned. when he saw the Shivalinga, he was lost Prahladpant again tried, “Sir……we must in a trance …..the world of desire, anger, return at the earliest……Your Majesty is wealth, poverty, revenge, affection faded here…..the General is here….” away…..all bonds of earthly affection snapped…..the frustration of life was not “All of you must go back,” His Majesty more…..a new fulfillment of life was in quietly replied. right….the soul tuned itself to the Supreme “Without Your Majesty?” Being. “Sometime or other you will have to leave The royal companions were waiting for His your king….” Majesty….but there was no sign of his coming out of his meditation, and who “But, Sir……. What about the State ?” would dare disturb him ? Janardanpant persisted.

At last, Prahladpant collected all his courage “How long can we serve the State ? The and said, “Sir…….what religious rites should State can do without us ; Ayodhya didn’t be performed before we return ?” come to an end when Ramachandra withdrew, nor did Dwaraka when Sri Krishna His Majesty opened his eyes. There was a made his exit …..if one Shivaji is dead….” lost look in his eyes. He quietly said, “No……Pant…..don’t talk of returning…..we “No, sir…..” Hambirrao sharply cut him shall stay here….” short, “we can’t stand these inauspicious words even from your lips….” “We shall stay here ? What about the army ? What about the Hindu empire ?” His Majesty quietly smiled; “Hambirrao ….. you have seen so many wars…… and yet All were stunned. The saint in the king you feel that death is inauspicious ? was awakened……he wanted to give up the Auspicious ….. inauspicious …..all this is kingdom…..give up everything….the turning due to the imagination of man….If life is so point had come….this was the most critical flimsy that it can be destroyed with one moment ……a moment which might have stroke of the sword…..why should we weep been an eternal moment in the life of an over it ?” individual …..but which might devastate the cause of the nation. All were stunned at these words. But the king could not be allowed to be carried What should be done ? How to rouse His away by his own spiritual upsurge. So Majesty to his royal duties ? How to bring Janardanpant made a last effort : VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 243 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “Sir…..What would Her Majesty feel if you “And we shall return afterwards, isn’t it so don’t return?” ?” asked Pant happily, in the hope that His Majesty must have changed his mind. “Nothing….If she knows that we are not going to return, she will hasten to place “We shall offer lotuses to Shiva…” Ramraja on the throne….superseding the “Shall I order our soldiers to bring lotuses claims of Shambhu” …..His Majesty retorted ?” asked Janardanpant. sarcastically. It was necessary to finish the worship at “At least for the sake of Shamburaja….” the earliest and to take His Majesty out of “No……..Janardanpant……Man knows how to this trance. live without his dear ones…….No one is “No……Janardanpant,” His Majesty said, lost…..We felt that we couldn’t live without “The lotus that we are going to offer to our mother. Jijabaisaheb passed Shiva is with us….. the best lotus is our away……Shahaji Raja passed away…..Tanaji head itself, isn’t it, Janardanpant ?” died…..Baji died. The dear ones die….and yet the world continues to laugh and joke All lost their breath….the earth quaked ; why should one love such a world ? Today …..Prahladpant….Janardanpant….Yesaji….all at the feet of Shri Mallikarjuna we are turned pale. Hambirrao couldn’t control relieved of all miseries…..no temptation of himself. He threw himself forward and life…..no fear of death……no…..Pant, we exclaimed : don’t feel like giving up this divine ecstasy. “If that is your will…. Sir…..then the worship We don’t want to return…..Place will be of hundred lotuses….. First offer Shambhuraja on the throne and rule the the heads of your General and his hundred State.” soldiers to Shiva and then touch the royal This great spiritual awakening of this great lotus.” man left his followers helpless. Nothing “No…..Hambirrao …..You are to take care could be done. The only thing one could of the State….then only can we march on do was to wait and pray…. the path of salvation….don’t block our The royal company refused to return path….it is a great event….tomorrow at without its master. One week passed; and the early hour of dawn shall be the great on the ninth day; the king frightened all offering presented to Shiva.. Now don’t by his novel idea : disturb us….”

“Pant….you won’t be required to wait for His Majesty again lost himself in a deep long,” said His Majesty, “We are going to spiritual reverie. He became unconscious have the supreme worship of Shiva of his existence……His body surrendered to tomorrow.” the soul……he felt he was one with Lord Shiva …..the light of a thousand flames dazed his closed eye-lids……and suddenly VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 244 SHIVAJI IN STORIES out of that whirlpool of light emerged the “Selfish…” the king asked in confusion. image of goddess Bhavani. “The black powers had waged a war “Mother….you are here ?” the King’s heart against the white powers, and instead of questioned. championing the good against the bad…. You leave the battle-ground like a “Are you embarrassed, my son ? Do you coward….” know of any place where you can’t find me ? And do you think that I am different “Coward ?” from Lord Shiva ?” These precious words “My son, whenever ‘Dharma’ is tarnished echoed through the light. by frustration…..by suppression…..God is “Then why are you here in this form ….. born on this earth, God Shiva Himself has Mother ?” stepped on this globe in your flesh to protect and save justice, equality, morality…but you forgot why you were born….you forgot your duty…. It was your duty to keep the path of millions to salvation free and undisturbed ; but you selfishly looked for your own salvation ; worship of God is not different from service of the nation.”

The king kept his silence.

Suddenly he heard the blasts of guns …..the sounds of the hammer cracking the temple stones….the agonising cries of women.

The king was startled. “You are used to this image of “Why are you alarmed……sonny ?” asked myself…..hence I came in this form…. You Bhavani, “Don’t you know the sounds of forced me to….when my own devotee the guns ? Look…..the walls of the Hindu betrays me….” empire are cracking down ……see….the “Ah ! of what betrayal do you talk, Mother hammers are devastating my images…..the ? I have prepared to offer my head to Durga …..the Rakhana…..the Parvati …..and Shiva….” look to that side…..the innocent women are dishonoured…..their children are “What will you achieve thereby ?” massacred……” “Salvation…..” “Oh no ! I won’t allow it any more…..” “For only yourself….my son. I never knew that you would be so selfish……” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 245 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “You are here today…..tomorrow you will “We have decided to cancel the be no more….” worship…..Don’t you like the idea ?” His Majesty asked with a sly twinkle in his eyes. “I don’t care for tomorrow …..but I won’t allow this atrocity …..till I breathe my last; “Has Your Majesty really decided to cancel it is the divine desire that the godly kingdom the worship ?” asked Hambirrao. He was should be established.” still suspicious.

The face of Goddess Bhavani was flooded “Yes, ……and we proceed to Karnataka…..” with satisfaction and her image dissolved “Forgive me, Sir,……” Hambirrao spoke with in the light….. happiness. “We are willing to start this His Majesty burst out of his trance. moment.”

“God has listened to our prayer,” Janardanpant said piously. “Sir, permit me to stay here a day longer….”

“Why ?”

Janardanpant didn’t utter a word.

“Don’t fight shy….Janardanpant,”……. Said His Majesty.

“I wish to offer a hundred lotuses to God Shiva…..”

“In return for one ?” asked His Majesty with amusement. “Why …… then we shall “Hambirrao…..” His Majesty called the all stay here for a day….” General. “No…..no….Sir…..all of you must start at “Yes, Sir,……” Hambirrao bowed. Anxiety the earliest……” was writ large upon his face…. “Are you afraid that we shall again think of “Tomorrow we order…..” the great worship ?” asked His Majesty “No, Sir, we won’t allow that….” Hambirrao with a laughter. “No…..that is not to be broke with emotion. …….Goddess Bhavani does not want that …….It is the divine desire that the rule of God should be established on this earth.” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 246 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

‘DEFEATED ! NAY, GUILTY !’

HE surroundings were extremely trust it, Pant. I can’t trust it. It may beautiful. The scenery, the deceive me at any moment.” Tgarden, the palace – everything was In a sorrowful tone Pant said : perfect. It was the palace of Shivaji Maharaj. Shivaji, the beloved king of the “Maharaj, how can you be so meek and Marathas, was seated in the council room. lose your confidence ? You must be brave, His Chief Minister Moropant and You are the king.” Commander-in-Chief Hambirrao were also At this very moment, Hambirrao along with with him in the council room. There was Firangoji, intervened. silence in the room. One could hardly believe that there was anybody in the room. Firangoji, with folded hands, head bowed Excepting for the sound made by the robin down, appeared to be a guilty person. red-breast, there was complete silence in Mahraj kept on staring at Firangoji. the room. Breaking the silence, Shivaji However, Firangoji, recognising the anger called out : in Mahraj’s eyes, kept his head bowed down. In the old traditional manner, he “Hambirrao !” greeted the king and said :

Hambirrao started looking at Moropant. “Your Highness, please accept the best They understood what the king wanted. wishes of this defeated soldier.” Hambirrao went towards the door. Moropant suddenly addressing Shivaji Said, “Defeated soldier ! Nay, guilty, Firangoji,” “Maharaj, shall we postpone the meeting said the Maharaj. to some other day, if Your Highness is not This remark was a bolt from the blue to at ease.” Firangoji and to the others. In response to this Shivaji said “ “Guilty ?” Firangoji questioned.

“Pant, now there is no relevance for “Yes, guilty. You are guilty, Firangoji. None tomorrow in my life. Whatever I can do of us can boast of a victory at all times. today, I can’t say with confidence whether But while working for the cause of Swaraj I shall be able to do the same tomorrow. everyone must move heaven and earth. Who has seen tomorrow ? One doesn’t And you, you have run away like a coward. know what will happen the next moment. You are a traitor. You have committed an There’s many a slip between the cup and act of treason. How can I say anything the lip. Though the mind can be controlled, else, but call you a coward ?” who knows what the body will do ? I can’t VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 247 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Due to the wrath, Maharaj’s voice as well The first target that he chose was as his whole frame was trembling. Bhoopalgarh. Bhoopalgarh, a fort in the east of Satara, was of great importance. Seeing this Pant tried to pacify Mahraj. Shivaji, knowing the importance of the fort, The remaining moments were silent. had appointed Firangoji as its fort-keeper. It was a terrible blow to see Sambhaji, the Firangoji, the right hand man of Shivaji, son of Shivaji, the Prince of Swaraj, join was a very honest and trust-worthy hands with the Moghuls. warrior. His outstanding skill in battle was seen when he fought with Shaishta Khan Diler Khan, the Moghul Sardar, was thrilled at Chakan. As far as Bhoopalgarh was to see Sambhaji join hands with him. concerned, Shivaji had the fullest faith that Without wasting a single moment, Diler Firangoji would be able to protect it well. Khan sent the news to Delhi. Aurangazeb also sent laurels for Sambhaji. Diler Khan attacked Bhoopalgarh. He started shelling the walls of Bhoopalgarh. Aurangazeb had given full rights to Diler Firangoji, in response, also sent shells into Khan to take the maximum advantage of Diler Khan’s camp. Firangoji and his troops Sambhaji and use him as a weapon to crush were, however, competent enough to the Marathas. reciprocate the attack of Diler Khan and Taking personal interest, Aurangazeb gave defend the fort. all honours and special treatment to Though the shelling lasted a long time, Sambhaji. Aurangazeb was also trying to Firangoji was not to give away the fort use Sambhaji as a weapon against the into the hands of the Moghuls. Now Diler Marathas, Swaraj and Shivaji himself. Khan thought of a very cunning plan. He However, Sambhaji failed to understand told all the Moghul soldiers to retreat, while this. Now he had become like the fabled Sambhaji was to make a personal attack. bird in the golden cage eating guavas and mocking the free birds seated on the trees. Was Firangoji going to fight against Sambhaji ? His mind started wavering. Diler Khan had already started having Firangoji had taken Sambhaji on his own dreams. He was building castles in the air. lap as a child. He had taught everything He was dreaming of a wonderful tomorrow. to Sambhaji including the wielding of the He thought that he would now succeed in sword. The same Sambhaji was now before creating a commotion among the Marathas. him as an enemy – an enemy of the king, But this dream was to remain a mere dream. an enemy of Swaraj – Firangoji was lost in It never came true. Diler Khan thought deep thought. He didn’t know what to do that other warriors would also join Sambhaji ! in the Mughal regime. As this dream didn’t come true he decided to launch an attack Faith clashed with prior relationships, on the Marathas. courage with love, and warriorship with affection and sentiments. Weighing these VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 248 SHIVAJI IN STORIES considerations, Firangoji decided not to ? The relationship between me and fight. Sambhaji should not be taken into account as we are now dealing with Swaraj. Swaraj The next day, he left the fort early and is more important to us. We have to fight moved towards Raigad, the capital of to achieve it. And whoever goes against Swaraj. He wanted to explain the whole it, is certainly our enemy.” situation to Shivaji. Long before Firangoji could go and inform Shivaji, the news had However, those that were present in the already reached him. Shivaji said, room could read sorrow underlying these “Sambhaji, my son, - the prince of Swaraj words. – has now become my enemy.” There was a visible change in the King’s Shivaji considered Firangoji guilty for not looks. Pant and others were quick to having fought with Sambhaji, now their observe this change. Pant told one of the enemy. attendants to get a glass of water for the Maharaj. With full determination, Maharaj began to explain his views. He said, “Pant, all of us Offering the glass of water to Maharaj, Pant are bound by an oath that we will sacrifice tried to plead for Firangoji. He started, anything and everything for the cause of “Your Highness, how could we change our Swaraj. We are hopefully striving day and loyalties to Sambhaji, a Prince….” night to build this holy Swaraj. And if one Pant’s pleading was cut short by Maharaj pillar after another gives way, how on earth who said : “Pant, what are you trying to are we going to build it up ? The unholy say ? Our trustworthy fort-keeper Firangoji foot-prints have been imprinted on the floor becomes a traitor and allows one of the of this sacred temple of Bhoopalgarh. How commanders of the enemy on the fort, and do you expect me to remain quiet ? Never still you people want to plead for him. The ! How can I ? case of a traitor ?” Firangoji pleaded, “Excuse me, Maharaj, I “Traitor ?” echoed the others. want to tell you something. Not in self- defence but to remind you that I have Shivaji said, “Of Course, he is a traitor. never retreated from the enemy. Only God One commander named Sambhaji Bhonsle is my witness. But this time the situation invades Bhoopalgarh and our fort-keeper, was quite different. Prince Sambhaji leaving the fort in his hands, runs away. Raje…..” What do you call this ? Loyalty or an act of treason ?” Interrupting, Maharaj said harshly, “Stop it, Stop it. I don’t want to hear your Maharaj took a sip of water and again explanation. You are guilty. And that’s shouted at Firangoji : “Firangoji, you should all. You are guilty.” Mahraj continued, have forgotten that Sambhaji was my son. “What ? Do you think my conscience will You should have fought with him as an be affected by hearing the name of Sambhaji enemy of Swaraj. If you had been killed VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 249 SHIVAJI IN STORIES while attacking Sambhaji, then your Lord, I am guilty,” He fell at the feet of services would have been accepted by the Maharaj, and began to weep. Seeing Goddess Bhavani. If you had killed the this, the Maharaj also broke down. His enemy, you would have rescued Swaraj tears were shed on Firangoji’s head. from danger, Mata Bhavani would have Shivaji then called Pant and told him : showered her blessings on you.” “When Sambhaji comes and attacks a fort Firangoji said, “Your and our loyal fort-keeper, Highness, these are the like Firangoji, should leave hands which have taken care the fort and run away – of Sambhaji from his cradle. the enemy will certainly How could you expect me to dance in joy. If this use the same hands to kill continues, Swaraj and all him?” that it means will be destroyed. So go and tell “Of course, you should, why all the fort-keepers to not ?” fight against Sambhaji as Pant tried to intervene the enemy of Swaraj. saying, “Maharaj, how could The fort must be Firangoji commit treason ? protected and Sambhaji Would you have accepted must not be allowed to Firangoji as your honest enter.” Sardar ? Could your eyes Seeing this attitude on see Firangoji with a sword the part of the Maharaj, dripping with blood in his Firangoji was stunned. He hands – the blood of spoke out, “Maharaj, I am Sambhaji ?” guilty. I am guilty. Punish me so that all “Yes, Pant. I again say, yes ! I would the others will earn a lesson. I am prepared have honoured Firangoji at a special Darbar to accept a death sentence.” for his act of loyalty for killing Sambhaji. “Bravo, Firangoji,” the Maharaj said. Here After the felicitation programme was over, again he lost control over himself. His eyes I would have taken him to my private room were full of tears. Not being able to control and resting my head on his shoulders I would himself, the Maharaj left the council have cried for the loss of my son.” chamber. This remark moved everybody. They all were stunned to see the firm, determined and dutiful mind of their king. Nobody spoke for a while. All on a sudden Firangoji broke the silence as he gave way to his emotions. He sobbed out, “I am guilty, O VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 250 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE PRODIGAL IS BACK HOME

AMBHAJI RAJE, son of Shivaji, Yesu Bai gave birth to a daughter at lost his mother when he was Shringarpur. When Maharaj returned from Sbarely two. It was his grandmother, the expedition he called them back and Jija Bai, who reared him with all the care, sent them to Sajjangarh to come under love and affection of a mother. The boy the care and influence of Ramadas Swamy. grew up with a feeling of loneliness. Who Although Sambhaji appreciated the could fill the vacuum created by the death peaceful, pious atmosphere of the Ashram, of one’s mother ? Soyra Bai, his step he could not fit into the rigorous routine mother, had no love for the poor motherless there – japa, bhajans, austerities and mite. She hated him. She was very anxious discipline were not to his liking. He was to see her own son Rajaram enthroned after happy at Shringarpur but he could not pull Shivaji’s death, and she saw Sambhaji, who on at Sajjangarh for long. He also resented was the elder brother, as the main obstacle his being treated as an offender and sent in the way. She could not openly express to be advised and corrected. He disliked her desire but her designs often became staying at Sajjangarh, and did not wish to obvious in the treatment she meted out to return to Rajgarh, where he would have to Sambhaji. When Jija Bai left the scene, face Soyra Bai. Where could he go ? What there was none to love him except his own was the way out ? Frustrated, outraged father, who was always busy with his and distraught, he left Sajjangarh on 13th campaigns and imperial responsibilities. December, 1678. Sometime later, news reached Shivaji that Sambhaji had joined As Sambhaji grew up, he started resenting Diler Khan, the general of Aurangazeb and his step-mother’s attitude more and more. the enemy of Shivaji Maharaj. Aurangazeb His father engaged reputed scholars to was only too glad to accept him and educate Sambhaji. He too was interested ordered him to work under Diler Khan with in learning, and also displayed proficiency an army of five thousand men under him. in martial skill. But, unfortunately, he was led astray. His bitterness, born out of a The lack of a careful upbringing and proper love-starved existence and Shivaji’s inability guidance caused the young man to act in to take personal interest in him and guide an immature and peevish manner. him, resulted in making Sambhaji a wayward In the meantime, Diler Khan decided to take character. advantage of Sambhaji’s position in the When Shivaji left for the south on a lengthy Imperial army. He sent him to capture expedition, Sambhaji left Raigarh and went Bhoopalgarh, a fort which was exclusively to Shringarpur along with his wife Yesu Bai. constructed by Shivaji at a tremendous He remained there for quite sometime. cost, and reputed to be very strong and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 251 SHIVAJI IN STORIES impregnable. Sambhaji attacked Sambhaji was filled with rage at the sight. Bhoopalgarh with the aid of a strong army. He told Diler Khan to stop the outrage. Firangoji Narsala was the general in charge Diler Khan replied : “Who are you to and Sambhaji sent a messenger to him and interfere in my affairs ? I will do as I please.” asked for the fort gates to be thrown open Sambhaji realised the truth. He realised to him. that he had no standing in the Mughal army. Firangoji was in a dilemma. If he obeyed He was a mere servant. But in Swarajya, the order of Sambhaji, he would lose the he was a Prince and the son of the Emperor fort. If he disobeyed it would amount to of Maharashtra. disobeying his own master. He decided to “Oh Lord ! What have I done ? Why did I leave the fort along with Vithal Pant Bhale choose to become the enemy of my own Rao and report the matter to Shivaji. Then father ?” he exclaimed in dismay. both of them left the Raigarh, leaving the fort unmanned. At first, Aurangazeb’s motive in taking Sambhaji into his fold was that the loyalty On the next day the fort was opened. to their Prince would induce a section of Sambhaji and Diler Khan entered it. There the Maratha generals to come over to his was no resistance. All the Marathas side. But not one of the Maratha generals, surrendered to Sambhaji with folded hands. nay, not even a soldier, deflected towards Diler Khan did not let go the opportunity. him. Disappointed and frustrated, he He ordered the amputation of the right hand resorted to treachery. Sambhaji was well of each of the seven hundred Maratha caught in his hands. He planned to get soldiers in the fort. him to Delhi to torture him to death, unless Meanwhile, Firangoji and Vithal Pant Bhale he agreed to become a Muslim. “Arrest Rao came to Maharaj and related the whole Sambhaji immediately and send him to story. Shivaji was stunned. “He (Sambhaji) Delhi,” went instructions to Diler Khan. came to the fort as an enemy and not a By a sheer stroke of luck Sambhaji came Prince. Why did you not kill him ? It was to know of it. His eyes were now wide your mistake. Hereafter, do not yield to open to the Mughal plans of deceit. But such sentiments.” Sambhaji was not alone, Yesu Bai and their He immediately passed orders to all his daughter also stayed with him. It was generals that Sambhaji should be resisted, risky to travel with a family. Yesu Bai wherever he launched an attack. dressed herself as a soldier and both of them escaped through the darkness of the Realisation dawned on Sambhaji as he night. Shivaji anticipated that sooner or witnessed the atrocities of Diler Khan. He later he would come to his senses, and so had captured and enslaved hundreds of Sambhaji was well received at Bijapur and men and women. Many women put an end speeded on to the Chhatrapati’s abode. to their lives in order to escape the Diler Khan’s anger knew no bounds, when humiliations inflicted by his men. he knew that the prey had escaped. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 252 SHIVAJI IN STORIES The prodigal son returned home. Shivaji met him at Panhala. WAR WITH It was a deeply repentant son who walked THE ENGLISH towards his father.

He was prepared for the wrath of his father. But what he got were gentle words from an understanding parent. ANJIRA set Shiva thinking of some “MY son, do not leave me hereafter. You other island in the neighbourhood know Aurangazeb’s treacherous nature, Jwhich would provide him with a naval yet you trusted him. It was God’s grace base. His choice fell on Khanderi (Kennery), that saved you from his clutches. You are a small rocky island situated 11 miles south my elder son and it is your duty to look of Bombay and 30 miles north of Janjira. after the kingdom. I want you and your As early as April 1672 the people of Surat brother Rajaram to share and rule this learnt of his intention to build a fort on the kingdom amicably. You shall have the entire island. The English President at once territory of Karnataka under your control. decided to prevent it, arguing that it That part which is north of it shall fall to affected the interests of Bombay even Rajaram. And each will rule over his more than those of Surat, because no ship territory. I shall then devote myself to could enter or issue from Bombay harbour the Lord.” without being seen from Khanderi.

The tempest of internal strife seemed to The progress of the Maratha engineers was have subsided temporarily. very slow, and in September following, their fortifications were still incomplete. The English and Siddi fleets came there in concert and warned the Marathas to stop their work. Shivaji’s admirals, Daulat Khan and Mai Nayak, finding themselves opposed by very superior forces, withdrew from the island.

At the end of August 1679, Shiva again took up the project of fortifying Khanderi, and collected men and materials for the purpose at Chaul. He allocated one lakh of hun from the revenues of Kalikan and Chaul to be spent on the work. On 15th September we find that 150 men of Shiva with four small guns under command of Mai Nayak are already on the island and have VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 253 SHIVAJI IN STORIES than 60 vessels under Daulat Khan, run up breastworks of earth and stone all suddenly bore down upon the small English around it. A request from the Deputy squadron consisting of the Revenge frigate, Governor of Bombay “to quit the place as 2 Ghurabs of two mastas each, 3 shibars it belonged to the island of Bombay” was and 2 manchwas, - eight vessels in all, declined by the Marathas in the absence with 200 European soldiers on board, in of orders from Shivaji to that effect. The addition to the lascars and white sailors. English, therefore, resolved that if the The Marathas advanced from the shore a occupation of the island was persisted in little north of Chaul, firing from their prows and the Maratha fleet under Daulat Khan and moving so fast the English vessels at came there to protect the fortifications, anchor near Khanderi had scarcely time to they would “repel them with force as an get under weigh. In less than half an hour, open and public enemy.” the Dover, one of the English ghurabs, The first encounter between the English having some English soldiers on board, and the Marathas at sea took place on stuck its colours and was carried off by the 19th September and ended in a reverse the Marathas. The ghurab kept aloof, and for the sons of the Ocean Queen. The the five smaller vessels ran away, leaving larger English ships were still outside the the Revenge alone in the midst of the Bay of Khanderi, because the soundings enemy, but she fought gallantly and sank had not been taken and they could not be five of the Maratha Gallivats, at which their brought closer to the island. Lieutenant whole fleet fled to the bar of Negothna, Francis Thorpe, with some shibars made a pursued by the Revenge. Two days rash attempt to land on the island, afterwards, the Maratha fleet issued from “positively against order”. The Englishmen the creek, but on the English vessels were assailed with great and small shots advancing, they fled back. Such is the from the shore works. The rash, young, inefficiency of “mosquito craft “ in naval drunken officer was killed with two other battles fought with artillery that even fifty men (John Bradbury and Henry Welch), slender and open Indian ships were no several others were wounded, and George match for a single, large and strongly built Cole and many other Englishmen were left English vessel. AT the end of November, prisoners on the island. The lieutenant’s the Siddi fleet of 345 ships joined the shear was captured by the enemy, while English off Khanderi and kept up a daily two other shibars escaped to the fleet in battery against the island. the open sea. Next day, the Marathas But the cost of these operations was carried off another English shear, Sergeant heavily felt by the English merchants, who Giles timidly offering little resistance. also realised that they could not recruit Early in October, the Maratha fleet was white soldiers to replace any lost in fight, got ready to go to the succour of Khanderi. and therefore could not “long oppose The second battle with the English was Shivaji, lest they should imprudently so fought on 18th October, 1679. At day weaken themselves as not to be able to break, the entire Maratha fleet of more defend Bombay itself, if he should be VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 254 SHIVAJI IN STORIES exasperated to draws down his army that ; and though we have a right to that place, way”. Moreover, during the monsoon yet to show the candour of our proceedings, storms, the English would be forced to we are willing to forget what is past, and withdraw their naval patrol from Khanderi, therefore have given instructions to the and then Shiva would “take his opportunity Deputy Governor of Bombay to deal with to fortify and store the island, meagre all such persons as he shall appoint about the our designs”. So, the Surat Council wisely present differences.” The Deputy Governor resolved, that the English should was very much dissatisfied with this pacific “honourably withdraw themselves in time”, tone and held that a vigorous policy of and either settle this differences with aggression against Shiva’s country and fleet Shivaji by means of a friendly mediator, or would give a speedy conclusion to this else throw the burden of opposing him on dispute, to the Hon’ble Company’s the Portuguese Governor of Bassein or on advantage.” But the higher authorities at Siddi, and thus “ease the Hon’ble Company Surat only repeated their former order that of this great charge.” The Surat factory Bombay should avoid a war with Shiva and itself was in danger and could spare no frustrate his designs of fortifying Khanderi European soldier for succouring Bombay. either by treaty or by Siddi’s fleet assisting us to oppose him thereon.” The two English The dreaded reprisal by Shivani against captains consulted and took the same view. Bombay almost came to pass. “Highly At the end of December the Marathas exasperated by the defeat of his fleet dragged several large guns to Thal (on the before Khanderi.” He sent 4,000 men to main land) and began to fire them at the Kalyan Bhivandi with the intention to land small English craft lying under Underi for in Bombay by way of Thane. The stress of weather. Portuguese Governor of Bassering having refused to allow them to pass through his But the hope of hindering the Marathas country, the invaders marched to Panvel fortification of island without fighting (a port in their own territory) opposite proved futile, and the English ships were Trombay island, intending to embark there withdrawn from Khanderi, which, after on seven shibars. The inhabitants of “holding out (against the Siddi and the Bombay were terribly alarmed. The Deputy English) to the admiration of all, was freed Governor breathed fire, but the President from enemy vessels by the coming of the and Council of Surat decided to climb down. monsoons, and remained in Shiva’s hands. On receiving a courteous letter from Shivaji, sent by way of Rajapur, they wrote : “a civil answer, demonstrating our trouble for the occasion his people have given the English at Bombay to quarrel with him about his fortifying so insignificant a rock as Khanderi, which is not in the least becoming a prince of his eminence and qualifications VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 255 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE EPISTLE

OTHING emphasises Shivaji’s role as a nation- N builder of India more than this letter which he, as the champion of the subjects of the Empire, wrote to Aurangazeb at this time. Its tone and dignity, the admonitions administered in it, the appeal to a higher sense of humanity and finally the warning conveyed to the Emperor to desist from his ruinous steps make the letter one of the important documents of Indian history. Here are extracts from the letter.

“To the Emperor Alamgir. This firm well wisher Shivaji, deeply grateful for divine favour and your kindness as clear as daylight, begs to inform Your Christians, Jews, Muslims, Dadupanthis, Majesty as follow : Stargazers, Malakis, Atheists, Brahmins, “I returned from your presence without Jains, in fact all the communities. His aim seeking your permission. It is my was to ensure the welfare and protection misfortune. May your kindness be felt by of all. The result was that to whatever everybody. As a well-wisher I am placing direction he turned, success and glory some matters before you. attended him. He brought most of the country under his sway. “Recently it has come to my notice that owing to your war against me, your “After him, Nuruddin Jahangir ruled for treasury has become empty. You have twenty-two years. He led a life full of decided to meet the expenditure through good deeds and he has become immortal. the imposition of Jaziya on the Hindus. Shah-jahan ruled for thirty-two years. He too made his life fruitful through good “Your Majesty ! Akbar, the founder of your deeds. That is why these rulers were Empire ruled the land for fifty-two years. successful in whatever direction they He had adopted the excellent policy of turned. During their rule, a number of treating all on a footing of equality – VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 256 SHIVAJI IN STORIES provinces and forts came under their sway. “They are in such deep distress, and on They have passed away, but their name top of it all, you have imposed Jaziya on endures. Their greatness is difficult to them. With what justification could you describe. We have a measure of their do this ? This news will soon spread east greatness in what Alamgir tried to imitate and west. People would say, ‘ The Emperor them but without success. Why should of Hindustan has taken a begging bowl and this be so ? is out to realise Jasiya from Brahmins, Jains, Sadhus, Yogis, Sanyasis, Bairagis, all the “The previous rulers had they so desired, poor and the starving. He takes pride in had undoubtedly the authority to impose doing so. He is bringing the Taimur dynasty Jaziya. But they felt that all men, high or to the dust.’ That will be their feeling. low, were the children of God, and all religions were but means to the worship of “Your Majesty, in the Quran God has been the One Almighty. They never allowed the described as the Rabbul Alameen, the Lord feeling of religious hatred even to touch of the entire universe, and not as Rabbul them. The memory of the kindness of their Musalmin, the Lord of the Mussalmans. In disposition and the goodness of their deeds fact, Islam and Hinduism are both beautiful is ever fresh in the world. All men, great manifestations of the Divine Spirit. As the and small, praise and bless them. During call for prayers goes out from the mosques, their rule, the people enjoyed peace, and so do the bells in the temples proclaim the as a result, their glory was on the Divine glory. Any one who is fanatical and ascendant. nurtures religious hatred must be declared to be acting against the command of God. “But during your regime many provinces To draw new lines on a picture is equivalent and forts have gone out of your hands. to finding fault with the painter (the Divine The remaining ones, too, will be lost to Artist – God). you. I for my part will not spare any effort to ruin the provinces. Your subjects are “It is to point out blemishes in God’s being crushed under cruel conditions. The creation, which only means that you are income from your Paraganas and Mahals is blaming the Creator. going down day by day. It is difficult to “To be just, Jaziya cannot be justified on realise even a sum of one thousand from any grounds. It is an innovation in India. places whereof the income was one lakh It is unjust. If you feel that on grounds of previously. Poverty is striking the kings religion and in the interests of justice the and princes. The plight of noblemen and imposition of this tax is essential, you should mansabdars is apparent to everybody. At first realise it from Raja Rajsingh. For, he present your soldiers are discontented, the is the leader of the Hindus. Then it would Moslems are in anguish and the Hindus are not be difficult to realise it from this well- scorched. Everyone is hungry and pining wisher.” for bread. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 257 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

THE CLOSING STRAINS

(Marking the finale from the Refrain through the Crescendo)

In 1672 Ali Adil Shah died and the Kingdom Surat’s Second Sack was plunged once again into a state of anarchy and that was exactly what the IN 1670 Shivaji the Great raided Surat a vigilant Maratha wanted. He at once took second time at the head of 15,000 men. Panhala, plundered the foreign settlement For three days the luckless city was pillaged at Hubli and ordered his fleet to raid the at ease and the Marathas carried off a coast. Within two years, the Bijapur troops rich harvest of booty safely to Raigad. An were driven back to the walls of their attempt on the part of the Muslim cavalry capital and the Marathas occupied the to intercept the returning convoy in the territory as far as Miraj. pass near Nasik was a miserable failure, the Muslims being driven back by the Thus by this time Shivaji the Great had re- detachment of the king with great conquered all his ceded territory from the slaughter. Mughals, and had defeated all his enemies in the open field. Bijapur was knocked out In open Combat at Salher of the race ; Golconda was paralysed ; In 1672 Moro Pingale fought one brilliant the viceroy of Deccan was forced to look cavalry action at Salher and literally cut on helplessly as fort after fort was re-taken the Mughal division under Ikhlas Khan to from the Mughals and the Marathas pieces. “This was the first complete victory plundered their country up to the very walls of a Maratha force over an equal number of Aurangabad. Verily had the great captain of Mughals in the open field and it greatly now established himself as an independent enhanced their prestige.” Behold ! the ruler of Deccan ; he attained his goal. despised Bargirs of yesterday now became Shivaji the Great, therefore, felt the need not only the equals of the best Mughal of legitimizing his conquests and get himself troops, but their superiors. The Marathas crowned lawful monarch of the Kingdom. became a terror to their enemies. The Legal Sanction Up to the Very Walls of Aurangabad The principle of legitimacy has always held They swooped upon Khandesh and a powerful sway over the minds of the demanded Chowth from that Mughal city ; people. In the absence of legal sanction a they raided Ahmednagar, Aurangabad and conqueror, however mighty, at once even Golkonda and Raigad – the capital of partakes of the character of a parvenu. the Marathas – grew rich with the spoils Napoleon himself at a future date could of many a successful campaign. have got rid of this principle ; so engrained was it in medieval society both here and in VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 258 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Europe. The permanence and continuity The coronation of Shivaji the Great was a of the political creation of Shivaji the Great, scene of the greatest spend our. Nothing therefore, required that it should be set like it had been witnessed in Maharashtra on a regular footing, as the valid act of a for several generations. The grand sovereign. ceremony was performed strictly in accordance with the orthodox ritual by the It was necessary to give a decent burial greatest Sanskrit theologian then alive, to the jealousy, which the rapid rise of the Gaga Bhatta. Bhonsles had created among the other Maratha families once their equals in social The Storm Brews status or in certain cases even their For the next two years, no military superiors. These selfish men, the operations of importance were undertaken. Ghorpades, the Manes, the Mores, the The crowned head of the Maratha nation Sawants, the Dalvis, the Surves, the wisely busied himself with measures Shirkes, the Nimbalkars and the Ghadges, intended to secure his conquests. The were content to remain vassals of great king’s last expedition was undertaken Aurangazeb or Adil Shah and shamelessly in 1676 when he set out with the largest took pride in calling themselves their loyal Maratha army which had ever yet taken subjects. That Shivaji the Great was, like the field at one time, ostensibly to assert Washington, “the first win war, the first in his legitimate claims to his father’s jagir in peace and the first in the hearts of his Karnataka but really to bring his stupid countrymen” ; that in championing the brother Venkoji under his own control and cause of the oppressed fellow Marathas, influence. Since the death of Shahaji, his he had not counted on any sacrifice as younger son Venkoji had been in too great ; that in point of virtue, ability undisturbed enjoyment of the extensive or morals he was definitely superior to these Karnataka Jagir. If he had managed the degenerate jagirdars and far in advance of estate wisely with the help of his father’s his times – these considerations were veteran Ministers and particularly of nothing in their eyes. Neither the superb Raghunath Narayan Hanumante, if he had beauty of his private character, nor the transferred his allegiance as a vassal originality and loftiness of his ideal , neither jagirdar to his illustrious brother who was the brilliant success his armies had met now the recognised head of the Marathas, with nor the resourcefulness, the daring, perhaps Shivaji the Great would not have the diplomatic skill, which he had shown in undertaken this campaign at all. But facing the several crises of his life, softened instead, he began to drive his own coach the rancour of hatred of these dregs of with the advice of his vulgar and unworthy human species. The perversity of their friends, and Hanumante, who was minds was only equalled by the depravity constantly treated with insults and whose of their souls. A formal coronation alone influence in the government was was calculated to shut their mouths systematically undermined, saw that effectively. Venkoji’s mismanagement would soon bring VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 259 SHIVAJI IN STORIES ruin to the jagir and disgrace to Shahaji’s not become a menace in the Emperor’s eye, memory. Venkoji, under these he considered Shivaji’s raids into Bijapur circumstances, became insolent and openly and Golkonda territory as favourable to him. defied his brother. At Bijapur on the death of Ali Adil Shah One day there was a stormy scene at the two factions, the Afghans and the court ; Hanumante extolled Shivaji the Deccanis, were struggling for power. Great as a model king and taunted his Khavas Khan was the head of the Deccani master as a spiritless and an incapable man party while Abdul Kharim headed the : Venkoji, not liking the Minister’s frankness, Afghans. retorted by calling his brother a traitor and Bahadur Khan now received orders to a rebel against his lawful sovereign. The attack Bijapur and punish Abdul Karim for disgusted Minister left Tanjore and went his treachery. When the war was to Satara to interview Shivaji the Great. proceeding Diler Khan who as an Afghan The latter, for his own reasons, was was favourably disposed towards Abdul maturing a plan for the invasion of Karim, joined Bahadur Khan’s army and a Karnataka during his illness at Satara and truce was called for. Both the parties, the hence Hanumante found in the Raja a Mughals and the Bijapuries entered into an willing listener to his scheme. alliance for the subjugation of the Golkonda Aurangazeb’s Eye on Deccan state.

Aurangazeb, though up to now busy with Bednore to Tanjore putting down revolts in the north and Golkonda too was torn by internal strife. establishing his authority in that quarter, The new Abu Hussein was hostile to the had never forgotten his scheme of annexing Mughals and the two Brahmin brothers the whole of Deccan to his Empire. Madanna and Akkanna guided his policy. He , therefore, followed the policy of The able Minister Madanna saw the danger weakening the Deccan powers so that he of the alliance between Diler Khan, Shivaji should be in a position at a later date to the Great, and the Bijapur Regent, and thus sweep them off the political board himself an alliance between Golconda and the with an overwhelming force. Marathas was inevitable. On his part Shivaji the Great had no illusions but that Bahadur Khan, the Mughal Viceroy, lacked he was holding his kingdom on sufferance both the ability and the army for reducing and that as soon as Golconda was Deccan and there was every likelihood of conquered Aurangazeb was sure to mobilise all Deccan powers, including the Marathas, all his military resources against himself. making common cause against the Mughals. At such a crisis he could hope to save So Aurangazeb always fomented internal himself only if he could fall back upon some dissensions by bribing everyone in power, strong positions in Southern India. His plan by exciting jealousy between the Muslim was therefore to create a new kingdom in States. So long as Shivaji the Great had the South from Bednore to Tanjore. He VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 260 SHIVAJI IN STORIES would guard its northern frontier from Bahadur Khan had no stomach for any more Mughal attack by a line of forts, and extend war with Shivaji the Great. The neutrality his dominions to the south as far as of the Deccan Viceroy was purchased “by possible. From this base he thought he giving him a large sum of money, part of would be able to take the offensive at a which would appear publicly and a part favourable opportunity and roll back the privately. That which was publicly received Mughal tide. The king’s scheme was far- was styled tribute by the Mughals – an sighted and its wisdom was to be realised appellation to which Shivaji reconciled shortly when Rajaram could go to Jinji and himself, even at this stage of his defy the Mughal armies for a long time. independence, by comparing it to “the oil cake to his milch cow”. The Born Strategist’s Strategy Having thus arranged for the security of Shivaji’s object was only to save himself his kingdom the Great Shivaji made from the Mughal menace for the time being. adequate arrangements for the security of The Shahi Government was in a position his Kingdom during his long absence to to trouble Shivaji at this time. Golconda Karnatic. Moro Trimbak Pingle (Peshwa) was admittedly friendly to him. Both the was entrusted with the general care of States were far from being “powerful” and the kingdom as Regent and Annaji Datto if anything, they could not be “potentially was specially to look after the Konkan hostile” in the face of the well-known districts from Kalyan to Phonda, “strong Mughal designs on their very existence. garrisons and a large body of disposable Potentially, they were going to be the great infantry” being placed in his charge. He Raja’s subordinates allies. This was the was also directed to assist the Peshwa. “born strategist’s” strategy. The Deal Shivaji’s motive in this distant campaign was not mere plunder but extension of his Finally, an alliance was made with Golkonda territory. Some idea of this motive can and the close friendship and cooperation also be gathered from his remarkable letter of Qutub-shah was secured. Golconda had to Maloji Rai Ghorpade written from already promised Shivaji an annual tribute Hyderabad in March 1677 wherein he urges of one lakh of hun for the defence of the his countrymen to bury the past and realm. A shrewd diplomat, Prahlad Niraji, combine against the Adil Shahis. There he had been posted at Hyderabad as Maratha lays down the principle that the land envoy. Shivaji the Great expected to get belonged to the natives and no foreigner from Golkonda the expenses of the and had any right to encroach. When the campaign and wrote to his envoy to arrange plan was finally formed, Shivaji the Great for a friendly interview between him and who left nothing to chance, made his Qutub Shah who was at first afraid of such diplomatic and other preparations and as a personal meeting, but on Prahlad Niraji’s usual his diplomacy completely triumphed solemn oath in support of Shivaji’s honesty against the Mughl Viceroy of Deccan. of purpose he agreed to receive him. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 261 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Shivaji the Great then started from Raigad despondency was forced to agree to the in January 1677 at the head of 30,000 surrender of half of his possessions to his horses and 40,000 infantry carefully masterful brother. The only opposition that abstaining from plunder and maintaining Shivaji the Great met with was from Sher perfect discipline among his vast horde Khan but he was enveloped and was proceeded on his march with utmost captured with his entire army. Thus this regularity. campaign was a complete success. The boldness of its design and neatness of its Madanna Pandit came out some distance execution place the Great Maratha captain, to receive his distinguished guest and the remark Kincaid and Parasnis, in the front day after his arrival Shivaji the Great had rank of the World’s greatest generals. Like an interview with Qutub Shah. The two Caesar, in Spain “he came, he saw, he monarchs held a friendly consultation for conquered”. “With two enemies, one on three hours and Abdul Hasan was so either flank, and a doubtful ally on his line favourably impressed by the Maratha King’s of communications, he had crossed India personal magnetism, character, ability, and from west to east and back again from the strength and discipline of his army that east to west. In the course of 18 months he readily granted whatever the latter at a distance of 700 miles from his base he wanted. A secret offensive and defensive had conquered a territory as large as his alliance was concluded. The Sultan agreed former kingdom. While a single reverse to pay a subsidy of 3,000 hun a day and would have been fatal, he had not suffered to send an army of 5,000 men to cooperate even a single check. Victory had in the conquest of Karnataka. A train of succeeded victory ; town had fallen after artillery with its equipments was also town. As he sent he organised two supplied and probably a large sum of money conquests ; and when he returned to as advance payment of the stipulated Raigad, as he now did, his new possessions subsidy. In return for this Shivaji the Great wee securely bound together, from sea to seems to have promised the Sultan a share sea by a line of fortified strongholds held “of such parts of his conquests in Karnataka by garrisons brave to the death and as had not belonged to his father Shahaji”. devoted to his cause.” The Patrimony A Friend in Need After a month spent at Hyderabad in making Bahadur Khan, the Viceroy of Deccan, was his arrangements, Shivaji the Great recalled as his truce with Shivaji the Great marched due south, towards Krishna. The was not approved of by Aurangazeb and fortress of Jinji, which afterwards became Diler Khan was ordered to carry out the famous as the seat of the Maratha combined attack on Golkonda, true to the Government under Rajaram, was taken Emperor’s policy of exhausting Deccan together with the Kolar and Bangalore States. But the invaders were met by an districts. These districts formed a part of overwhelming force and were compelled the ancestral territory and Venkoji in great soon to retreat. Diler Khan then quarrelled VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 262 SHIVAJI IN STORIES with his Bijapur allies and Siddi Masaud Khan, the new regent, sent an urgent ADVICE TO VENKOJI message to Shivaji the Great piteously begging him to come to the rescue of Bijapur in its dire need. Shivaji therefore, returned to Deccan by way of Bellary, which he took enroute. He had no wish to see his ancient foe fall a victim to the ELL over six months had Mughals, particularly because the Mughals passed since Shivaji started at Bijapur would be troublesome and Whis southern campaign. But no powerful neighbours. He therefore, made contact had been established between the a diversion in their favour and sending two brothers and though it was a matter forces to ravage Mughal territory, of courtesy on Venkoji’s part to extend an eventually forced Diler Khan to retreat. As invitation and a welcome to his illustrious usual Shivaji the Great was carrying all brother, he chose to ignore it completely. before him, when suddenly at Raigad a Shivaji waited for sometime before he made disease of the knee brought on a violent the first move. He then sent word to attack of fever. Worn out by constant Venkoji, asking him to send some of his exertion in the cause of his country and courtiers as envoys, to open negotiations religion, the great warrior succumbed to regarding their father’s properties. Govind th his illness and passed away on the 5 April Bhat, Kakaji Pant, Nilaba Naik, Rangoba Naik 1680. and few others came over, upon receipt of “Kshatriya Kulawantas Maharaj the letter, to meet Shivaji. To these men Simhasanadheeswara Raja Shiva Shivaji said, “I deserve a share of the Chhatrapati Ki Jai.” property that was enjoyed by my father. It is going to be thirteen years since my father’s death, and so far Venkoji made no (From The Rise and Fall of the Maratha bid to share the jagir with me. I think I Empire by R.V.NADKARNI) had been patient long enough and since the first move towards a legitimate discussion of the patrimony had not been taken by Venkoji, I feel I am justified in suggesting the division now. I want you people to report my views to my brother and advice him to act accordingly”.

Venkoji’s aides found nothing objectionable in the proposal. Maharaj wrote a letter to be handed over to Venkoji, asking him to come and meet him in person to discuss VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 263 SHIVAJI IN STORIES us have equal right to share the property that was left to us by our father. So far you have enjoyed it all by yourself, while I waited for you to make the first move and offer me my share. But you do not seem inclined to do so. Hence I had to make this unpleasant demand on you. From your own properties, and from territories you might have captured, I ask for no share. But the jagir of our father must be shared by us equally.” Venkoji did not wish openly to defy Shivaji, and left the camp without Shivaji’s matters in detail and sent his own envoy knowledge. with Venkoji’s men. Shivaji’s efforts to settle matters amicably The party went back to Tanjore and were in vain, and he now had to adopt an reported to Venkoji, and Shivaji’s men aggressive attitude. He decided to take presented him with the letter Shivaji wrote, by force the area north of river Koleran as inviting him for a talk. Though he disliked his share of the patrimony. His half-brother, the idea of parting with his territories, Santaji Raje too joined him, and Shivaji Venkoji agreed to meet Shivaji and gave him command of a regiment of one negotiate regarding the property. He set thousand strong cavalry. out along with Kakkaji Pant, Jagannath When Shivaji came up to Torgal, he heard Pant, Kanher Pant, and two of his half- the eventful news that Venkoji had brothers, Pratapji Raje and Bhivji Raje, and attacked Santaji Raje near Ahiri and was proceeded to meet Shivaji, followed by a defeated by Santaji. Maharaj went further two thousand strong cavalry. When and captured all the property that Venkoji Maharaj came to know of the arrival of acquired from Adil Shah. Venkoji reinforced Venkoji he came from his camp and the his army and came back to Ahiri with a brothers met in a Shiva temple at a place huge battalion of four thousand strong called Tirupatora, six miles from Shivaji’s cavalry and ten thousand strong infantry. camp and they cameback together to Santaji Raje, Hambirrao Mohite and Thirumal Wadi camp. Shivaji extended a Raghunath Pant had already been stationed warm welcome to the party and gave them there. Venkoji attacked them with his generous gifts. Venkoji stayed with Shivaji reinforced army and himself faced Santaji for eight days. Raje and defeated him and Raghunath Pant Giving them time to settle down, Shivaji and Hambirrao also had been forced to opened the negotiations after sometime. retreat. The three commanders realised Addressing Venkoji, he said “Look, both of the effect these defeats would have on VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 264 SHIVAJI IN STORIES have taken the mantle of kingship, the the morale of their army and decided to protection of our subjects is the only form attack at night suddenly. Venkoji’s army, of asceticism acceptable. In fulfilling our tired and resting after the great battle, duties to our subjects, we shall be was caught unawares by the sudden attack progressing towards salvation. If you leave from all sides. A furious battle ensued in all affairs in the hands of your officials, which Venkoji’s army was badly mauled, they might misuse their powers and harass but Venkoji managed to escape and reach the innocent public. As their ruler it is Tanjore. your duty to protect them from Shivaji was much pained by the harassment, and not contribute to it. Come unnecessary bloodshed and loss of precious out of this depression and discharge your lives caused by Venkoji’s fool-hardiness and duties as a ruler, and conquer further hostility and sent him yet another message, territories and free our people from alien beseeching him to come to his senses and rule. Therein lies your dharma, and I hope agree to the partition of the patrimony. you will realise it.”

A truce between Shivaji and Venkoji was The letter seemed to have had some effect brought about by Raghunath Pant, and the on Venkoji, for he emerged from his brothers came to an agreement regarding dejection and state of inaction, and once the division of property, after which Shivaji again applied himself to the administration returned from Karnataka to his kingdom. of his estate.

Thereafter, however, Venkoji’s disposition totally changed. He lost all interest in state affairs, and started spending long periods in meditation and deep thought. He neglected the administration of his estate and left it almost completely in the hands of his officials, who started taking advantage of the situation for their personal ends. Shivaji learnt of this situation for the first time and immediately wrote a letter to Venkoji. Having taken a share of the patrimony it now became imperative for him to accept the responsibilities of an elder brother. He wrote a long and affectionate letter to Venkoji, reminding him of his duties as a ruler. It ran thus : “I am much depressed to learn that of late you are not taking any interest in the affairs of your state and that you are spending most of your time in meditation. For us, who VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 265 SHIVAJI IN STORIES CHATTRAPATI SHIVAJI MAHARAJ THE FOUNDER OF FREE BHARATH

By YOGACHARYA S. SUNDARAM

REEDOM was his breath and What a Time, the critical psychological Tyranny his enemy. What time, was the advent of this great one, Fmattered to him if the enemy was a Shivaji ! Marauders had come through Moghallai or a Deccani ! Was he only the Khyber and Bholan. Did they come with son of a vassal of Bijapur bent upon carving culture of nobility ? They came with sword out a petty Kingdom ? Was he only a moved by brutality, moved by the lust for Visionary dreaming of the impossible ? Could blood, loot and women ! Had they any he be simply called an Adventurer labouring stake in the country they invaded and on the ladder of chance ? Diminutive in burnt ? These alien marauders gave their form and destructive, terrible in action, his successive onslaughts in waves and they spirit ! Was he not the embodiment of the returned to tell stories of the richness and Spirit of the Gita ? Quail not, fail not and beauty of the Indo-Gangetic valley, the fight for the Freedom of Bharath and its wealth rolling on the plains for the picking, ideals of Vedic Karma and Dharma. This and of the disunited, emasculated and vain summed up the excellence of this immortal Rajahs and Chieftains. This inflamed fresh Son of Bharath, Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj, hordes of barbarians, until at last the who laid the foundation for a Free Bharath marauders failed to return to their lands ! Are you moaning for resources ? Man – but settled down like swarms of locusts – made resources, - resources never made and alas the green verdure of Vedic Dharma Man – that was Shivaji. Brain or Brawn ? and Vedi living were no more ! Here and - Brain made Brawn and moved it – that there were some dried roots of the ancient was Shivaji ! Rama killed Ravana in Lanka. culture and civilisation with nobody to But the Mahratta bearded the Terrors, water, and which nobody dared to water ! worse than Ravanas, of North and South – The sons of the soil became second class with Rama’s name on his lips and heart ! citizens, if not political and social Pariahs. Was he not the pet chela of Samartha, These Kafirs became fit to be looked upon the incarnation of Hanuman – Samartha – when their heads were shaved and Ramadas ? Did he not sit under the feet converted at the point of the sword. of this great Guru and imbibe the spirit of Security or insecurity of life ! Life and the Ramayana ? Was he not chosen by property; of their women, kith and kin, were this great Siddha Purusha to lay the the security ! True some of these Hindu foundation for sweeping out the hyenas slaves were gilted and embroidered as marks that ate and gnawed at the vitals of Vedic of their slavery, in positions in the Service Dharma ? of the Invader-Settler. The marauders VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 266 SHIVAJI IN STORIES came not to be considered as such – they to form his Brawn and Brain. Teenage came attained the respectability of natives. They and he looked about. The Fire of Freedom forgot their barren hilly tracts and parching sparked and blazed to destroy those that homes, west and farther west. They held the sons of the soil as their slaves became Emperors. Their Empire extended annihilating their religion and their very spirit all over. Some rulers were, however, really and culture, making them serve with grass great and sought a synthesis, which was in their mouths. His hatred and disgust demoted and defeated in privacy. spread to the humbled chieftains, with no guts to fight for their religion or for their Shah-in-Shah Aurangazeb came to the tyrannised fellow beings. They served the Imperial Throne. He thought his ancestor’s rulers with their sword and cunning to rule was soft and stupid. They did not enslave, burn and loot their fellow sons of reach the harvest big for the Faithful, the Vedic soil. They had apparently no because they gave room to pusillanimity. moral courage and faith of conviction to But did he take advantage of the talents resign and fight those that built mosques and loyalty of the Kafirs ? Had he not out of the destroyed temples. They did famous and trusted Generals and not rebel when their idols were broken. Administrators, from this class ? Did he Their chicken hearts acquiesced. Their not send a famous General to subdue to lullaby was ‘what if Rama ruled or Ravana rebellious Deccani Chieftains, who had ruled’ ! become Sultans in their own right and claimed Kingdoms ? What about Shivaji’s own father, who had pledged his sword and loyalty to these alien Shivaji was born in these times in rulers who talked the language of the Karnataka. His father Shahaji administered sword, fire and rape ? Shivaji attained a Jagir here. He was a soldier of fortune teenage. Did he dedicate thereafter his for the Sultan of Bijapur. What a wonderful life for the faithful following of his father in mother Shivaji had in Jija Bai ! Did she not his footsteps ? His answer is there very mould her son in the Vedic way of thought plain and bold for anyone but the blind to and living ? Shivaji drank not only mother’s read. Mother was there with him. The milk flowing from her bosom, but the milk rising Blaze of Freedom, freedom to drive that was surcharged with all that was great out the invaders to establish the Magna and sustaining to the soul. She was Carta of Vedic religion and living, religious and cultured, an ideal of Vedic substituted itself in the place of a father. womanhood. She told him stories of the Rishis and the Yogis. She talked to him of He rose in secret revolt. He gathered about the Puranas and all that was great in Vedic him petty chieftains of like mind, and began Civilisation that was gone, murdered. He attacking the far-flung limbs of the Adil became fit to listen to the great Samartha Shahi Kingdom, of the Sultan of Bijapur, and imbibe valour, religion and the great the biggest of the Deccani rulers and the exploits of the incarnations of the Vedic most severe headache to the Moghul Tiger. Pantheon. This intake went deep. It went He gnawed away small villages, smaller forts VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 267 SHIVAJI IN STORIES and formed the nucleus of the Freedom Hearing of this great victory, more Mavalis Force with swords raised for the protection and more Mahrattas joined him. Women of the Vedic Dharma. He became the pet and the old and the elders praised him as of the Mavalis, the hardened, the spirited, the Defender of Vedic religion and Liberator. the clever and the valiant Mahrattas, and There were cries of Jai Shivaji all around. their Hero, a boy Hero. Shivaji gnawed at Cries of Jai Shivaji echoed and re-echoed the toes and toe-nails of the Kingdom of in the mountain forests and spread to the Bijapur with the irrepressible and incorrigible plains. What was his strategy what tenacity of the Rat. Cats were afraid to succeeded so well ? How did he go near and have a close look at this Rat. successfully beard the lion of Bijapur in its The Sultan was in a rage. He was furious den ? Was he Hannibal, Hannibal of the and the only possible thing he could do East ? Greece and Sparta and the Aeigian, was to abuse this pigmy, calling him a small surroundings to play with and tactics mountain Rat. This name spread later to against hoards of barbarian army – that Moghul Capital and that Tiger could later was Hannibal’s glory ! Shivaji excelled have only empty growls of fury. Hannibal. He was facing the sophisticated armies of Bijapur and under talented war Jija Bai, the great mother, who veterans. The Western Ghats, what could supplemented Shivaji’s brain, was also his have Hannibal done here ? solace, incentive and refuge, and the source of his indefatigable moral energy. Is he to be compared to Napoleon Shivaji’s irritants to the Sultan increased. Bonaparte ? Where is the comparison with Protests and anger to the father, Shahaji, this great Idealist – Shivaji seeking to a commander in the Sultan’s army availed redeem his Holy Land from the alien nothing. Shahaji denied responsibility, as marauders and free Bharath to its destiny usual. He left the Sultan to deal with his of the Ancient Vedic Culture and Universal son as the Sircar thought fit. A great Civilisation ! treasure, the richest and most priced and Terror of the regular army, Shivaji had perhaps most needed for the Bijapur Darbar none. Numbers on the field never was passing through the pass of Wei. With intimidated him. Lack of equipment – why three hundred horsemen, Shivaji attacked worry so long as the enemy has it – to be after ambushing the thousand strong snatched away by his tactics and heroism escort. He looted the entire treasure of ! Was he not the originator of the Guerilla Mullana Ahmed and added the firearms to War ? The modern cowardly terrorist has his scarce armoury. The Sultan heard. He made this name stink – the Guerilla ! got enraged. But he could only cry Bismillah! Shivaji was elusive. He was there where The capture of the Treasure and Arms one seldom expected. He had no capital. increased the sinews of War for Shivaji. If an army was sent to capture him and Wai and its surrounding strategic areas destroy his strongholds, he shifted and came under the control of Shivaji. This always found another and a better and a cut the arm of Bijapur across to Konkan. more formidable one. When the Sultan’s VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 268 SHIVAJI IN STORIES army went away or became lethargic, he fire, in the Royal Court of Bijapur, and flamed swooped on them, and regained the the anger against this vassal’s son. stronghold. He never harmed women and The Sultan of Bijapur was ill. The Begum children and the old. His respect and regard Sahabe was in charge of the palace and extended to the peace-loving followers of administration. She discharged the state Islam. He never insulted that religion or duties with vigour and capacity. Shivaji’s any religion. In his civilised behaviour he exploits swallowing up the whole of Konkan never made any mistake or difference on exposed Bijapur and its rule to ridicule. the ground of religion. Shivaji took root, Engaged in a life and death struggle with no wonder in the Mahratta’s hearts and the Moghuls and its armies, Bijapur had ‘Jai Shivaji’ became the war cry and not had the time and energy to look up Freedom cry of the oppressed and and deal with this upstart, Shivaji. One downtrodden. He had a hawk’s eye for by one the chieftains who had forgotten the enemies’ weakness. His ears were open the existence of Bijapur and its authority wide to the strength and weakness of the taking advantage of the Moghul wars, were enemy. His personal exploits of bravery brought to their knees, and the forgotten entering into the enemy’s camp in disguise, tributes began to flow in again. More Jagirs’ befooling and wounding them, have gone heads bent on the earth at the Darbar of into history. How could Bijapur catch this Bijapur. The commanders and generals of valorous Eel ? Bijapur with snobbish bravery of success Shivaji’s warriors under the able leadership in their petty wars against erring vassals, of Yesaji Rao went as far as Ahmednagar beat their chests and twirled their Fort and returned with plenty of loot. moustaches, that they would bring to book Shivaji rose to the status of being regarded this mountain Rat. They just waited for a King in his domain of conquest. His the command of the Rani Saheba for this kingdom was regarded as Vedic Samrajya. petty crushing mission. He had his capital at Rajghar. There a son With all her administrative capacity, Begum was born to him. He held a ten-day Darbar Rani Saheba, too, began to be conscious there. that after all her rule was that of the Petty chieftains all around and the people Purdha. In spite of boasts and pompous paid Nazar. He had his Peshwa, challenges outside, none of the nobles and Administrators, Courtiers and Darbaris. commanders came forward to her, to Names famous in the history of Maharashtra suppress this Shivaji and bring him bound – Moro Trimbak Pingle, Neelo Sondev, hand and foot. Rumour had multiplied the Majumdar, Netaji palkar, Chari-Nowyath, warrior might of this Jagirdar’s rebellious Abaji Sondev, Gangaji Mangaji, surrounded son. Afraid to beard him in the mountain him. The conquest of Junnar fort and the ghats and fortresses, the cowardice of the loot of its enormous treasures, and the Bijapur Lords also chose to acquiesce in news of Shivaji’s Darbar added fuel to the the exaggerations. Shivaji’s conquests of Kalyan Biwandi did not encourage these VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 269 SHIVAJI IN STORIES brave commanders of Bijapur to venture His military sense told him that he had after Shivaji. A ten thousand foot-soldier unnecessarily boasted and the camp gin army of his was multiplied to a sixty against this formidable Mahratta who thousand. Cavalry competed with that of challenged this kingdom, might be his Bijapur. The Begum called for a special undoing. This cruel man, inhuman, and Darbar. Her speech was contemptuous of breaker of innumerable idols – stone Gods this rebel and made light of the campaign of the Kaffirs and their ancient temples, of his capture. As if expecting that the unsparing of the Hindu chieftains and whole Darbar would rise to volunteer for people, could not suppress the foreboding this puny task, she wanted the Generals, which insisted in clouding him, against even anyone up. The moustaches were having all reason that he could summon. He failed an unusually downward look and the hands to turn up at the palace, leaving the of these brave generals were folded Purdah ruler to fret and fume. carefully on their laps, lest by mistake they The day after he accepted the risky should go up accepting this petty task ! assignment in bravado, his elephant The Begum rose in anger and cried ‘Fie’ on suddenly died. The next day his war horse her nobles and military brass hats. Unable broke its knee and was shot. To crown all to tolerate her insulting innuendos, one these ill-bodings, his long time war sword man, fat and tall, veteran of several wars, broke by striking against a wooden panel famed for cruelty and plunder and fanatical when he was jumping and practising. These destruction of the infidels, boastfully came bad omens of the infidels caught hold of forward. He bowed to carpet, to the this faithful-brave and made him extremely Begum, and beating his chest, vowed that depressed. His spirit fell low to measure he would bring this Rat in just that time – his feet. The Begam Saheba sent a and he snapped his finger ! This was peremptory and angry summons to this hero Abdulla Battri, popularly known as Afzal who undertook to crush this mountain Rat. Khan. From the chest his hands rose to The great Khan could not delay any longer. his moustache. He twirled, and pointed it. He stood before the ruler with all his finery Afzal Khan was praised for his loyal and customary boast and trimmed undertaking of this all too simple a task ! moustache. He was given the freedom to take such The upshot was the historical event of his military as he wanted to proceed without campaign against Shivaji, with an army of delay. pure cavalry under brave subalterns. The Afzul Khan came home. He slouched on honour evaded by Nawas Khan, Kutub Khan his cushions. He did not answer even his and Gond Govinda Rao and others fell rather servant for dinner. He murmured to himself heavily on this cruel warrior. Did he feel and cursed the Darbar and the Begum. He strongly that he was going to meet his was a soldier. He had fought innumerable fate – death ? petty wars. He got commendation from the Darbar for his exploits with the Moghuls. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 270 SHIVAJI IN STORIES It took only just a few weeks for this striking terror everywhere and camped at seasoned warrior to devastate the usurped the village of Wei. territories, loot and burn them and put to The Begum had advised him to use cunning the sword and fire this Rebel’s subjects against this wily Mahratta, and kill or and his rebellious onetime Jagirdars of his capture him by treachery and then put his Darbar. Shivaj’s hilltop hideouts and henchmen to the sword and fire. Her fortress strongholds fell one by one. Not vassal, this Afzal Khan, was only too prone daring to risk facing this experienced cavalry to this advice. His ever present shadow of in front line battle, Shivaji thought it wise bad omens at the start, prevented him from to move from his fort, taking the flower of thinking of frontal assaults on the his army with him, putting up only a delaying Stronghold of Shivaji. and rear-guard action. He was pushing on and on into the depths of the Ghats and Shivaji had retired to the fortress of mountain fastnesses. Pratapgad. It remains even now as it was before, the Fort of Glory : It was a victory march for Afzul Khan. What grand victories ! Slaying defenceless men, women and children, warrior swords Eagle Ho ! do thou fly as high tarnished red and rusted by innocent blood ! He reached Pandarpur the City Holy of Build thine nest in the sky as high Holies, the Temple of Lord Pandurang. Eagle nosed son of Bharath beat you there Gruesome horrors and vandalism perpetrated by himself and his followers Robbed your glory of eery heights, his have made darker the darkest pages of fortress there. history. He pulled down the Temple walls, stone by stone. Not a hut was left in this Vedic pilgrims’ heaven. Flames rose, smoke Bridle paths wound to steep steps engulfed the skies and unanswered cries Steep steps stumbling, broke in-steps, for succour split the air drowning the broke in-steps ‘Whoopees’ of the marauders in their massacre. Thousands who sat and took Looking down dizzy depths, shied the eyes refuge in the temple were put to the sword and their brains shattered by maces. Heroes Nest-a speck for distant eyes. Hundreds perished in tragic, spiritual calm before their fond Lord Vittal, chanting his name, to the very last until mutilated death Afzal Khan, the fantastic terror from sealed their lips. The idol of Pandurang Bijapur’s Hell was smashed to smithereens. The Grand Swore and cursed the Maharatta, Victory achieved, this reputable hero among heartless brutes, marched on Hound of Hell His prey had climbed into this fortress sky VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 271 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Perfidy in heart, he climbed to the nest gave me this body. I am not fit for this midnight body that took birth in thy holy and heroic womb. Free me Mother. Avenge my Hyena, he, met this Mountain Fox cowardice. Cut this head with this sword Climbed Afzal’s head, pole on rocks and reign to eternity as the Heroine of Dharma.” Passing this place, panting en route, He knelt and placed his bared neck and The Fortress wells revealed Bhavani’s Suite. bent it to touch the ground. Tears flowed from the eyes of Jija Bai and mixed with the tears flowing out of Shivaji’s eyes. Her Here, had valour for succour prayed body trembled once. But her voice was Here, has eternal Glory Shivaji’s stayed calm and sharp.

Here and see here Divine Grace “Arise my stupid son ! Where did you get this confusion ! You have retired in the Dissolving all in Time and Space. best of strategy to draw the enemy to battle in a place and time of your choice. Millions perished in Kurukshetra ; did the In a room of this Fortress Jija Bai was Pandavas commit suicide ? Pursue your reading the Gita. She was alone. Suddenly strategy, son ! Draw this fattened tiger of the door opened. Shivaji, her dear son, Bijapur still closer to your fortress net. entered. Where was her son’s usual calm Dispose your army to encircle and hide. face and confident demeanour ! What did Go and bring my grandson to me !” she see in his eyes ? Not the flashing sparks of the hero. Sorrow seemed dripping Shivaji wiped his eyes, girdled his sword, from the eyelids. He suddenly knelt, got up and marched out of the room. Did unbuckled his sword and placed it on her his face disclose determination ? lap : Afzal Khan had marched his army along the “Oh Mother Dear ! What a heroic mother banks of the rivers Bheema and Nira. He for the worm of a son ! Like a cur with its had marched West. He had entered Palton tail looped behind the legs, I have run away District, near Wei. In the village of Malvadi from place to place, Fort to Fort, he had camped. He sent his commanders abandoning our dear subjects, men, women around for capturing shaky Deshmukhs ; and children of the Vedic faith. Their to kill and loot and bring him gold and homes are burnt. Their fields are treasure to pay his soldiers and meet the destroyed. Am I their protector ? Have expenses of war. They struck terror and they not dared the Anger of the Beasts of left no temple standing and no home Bijapur because they listened to me ? Why unburnt. Afzal Khan got unexpected help. have I not died with them ? I am not fit to Apart from the self-seeking, disgruntled, live, thou jewel of Vedic Womanhood. You cowardly Deshmukhs, a prized ally came from the family of Chandra Rao More. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 272 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Chandra Rao was the head of the Havali Agitation, confusion and hesitation were Jagir. This had grown vastly by petty wars not confined to Bijapur Camp. Shivaji had and additions, by killing the surrounding called a Durbar of his trusted lieutenants, Jagirdars and capturing their territory. This put before them the situation and wanted family developed a great hatred for Shivaji, their counsel. All of them were brave men whose growing popularity and power of war, talent, scars and sacrifice. But formed an eyesore and a heart-burn. They none of them advised Shivaji for a fight. successfully prevented the expansion of They recommended a peace overture at Shivaji’s excursions South. About three this critical time to the Khan of Bijapur. years earlier, by stratagem Shivaji had Wriggling out and turning about could be gained access to their residence and left for future situations. murdered the head of their family and Shivaji was propitiating his Divine Mother seized by the sword their Jagir and annexed Bhavani at the temple Pratapgad, his family it to his suzerainty. The members of this family and their friends joined Afzal Khan gladly and offered him all help to fight Shivaji. Afzal Khan had heard that Shivaji was camping at Pratapgad. That Pratapgad has been fortified and secret Mavali brigades were hiding in the hide-outs of the mountain ranges was no news to Afzal Khan. He had expected from Shivaji nothing less. His spies lost no time in bringing information about Shviaji’s military resources. The army brought by the Khan was no doubt better trained and richer in sophisticated war experienced than the deity. The rituals were over. The gathering hordes of Shivaji. But he gnashed his teeth of devotees had dispersed. Night covered in rage and disappointment, when he found in dark canopy the Fort and forests. Shivaji that he had no choice but to fight Shivaji entered the sanctum sanctorum alone. He on locations of his choice. His better remained there for a few minutes. He came trained army would have chance of fooling out. He walked there in erratic steps in or foiling the Mavali braves, whose hide front of the temple. His agitation was and seek and hit and run, were best suited apparent. He entered again and stood in to annihilate the untrained in the mountain the presence of Bhavani. He turned round warfare of the Ghats. The sniping, sudden and bolted the door inside. He faced the shooting, the unexpected onslaughts by Divine Mother Bhavani again. His eyes did enemy cavalry vomited by hidden ravines not wink. His eyes burned. Tears did not and steep hill emplacements – these flow. He came close to Her feet. He knelt. thoughts sent a shudder through his spine. He placed his forehead on the flowers of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 273 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Her feet. He spoke. His voice was steady embraced his pet chela, Shivaji. He but steely. He talked of Vedic Dharma, its regained consciousness at the touch of followers, the fanatic marauding and his Guru. The Guru made the Chela sit by murderings his strenuous efforts to his side on the strewn altar of flowers. annihilate these and establish Freedom for Shivaji was calm. Tears rolled down on Bharath and its Vedic followers, the sons the faces of both. They forgot the of the soil. Now the fate of Pandarpur Witness. Mother Bhavani seemed to smile hung over Pratapgad. To fight was to be and bless. A thrill and ecstasy pervaded defeated and his ambitious efforts and all the Sanctum. The Samartha took from the innocents to vanish in blood and fire. the offering a plantain. He peeled it. He To yield, was also to bring the same fate. put small pieces into the mouth of Shivaji. These men of the Faithful had little faith in Like a dream-child he swallowed. Ramdas remaining faithful to their word. : “Whose property is your body and life and everything ?” Shivaji : “ Oh My Lord ! Is she going to repeat the horror of they all belong to thy sacred all merciful Pandarpur ? Well, Shivaji, did not want to Self.” Ramdas : “You are a liar ! If thine live to witness. Shivaji placed his head on body was mine how did you dare to severe the Bali Peeta, the offering Stone. He it?” placed his neck over that. He drew out his sword and held it raised over the neck They laughed like two children. Samartha in his right hand and spoke. : “My Mother Creates, Sustains and Destroys. Who are you to question and “Mother here is your gift, Bhavani-ki-Talwar. respond ? Are you the shaper of destinies Let this do its last act of glory. My head ? Do your duty. What does your enemy as sacrifice to you to save the heads and understand ?” Shivaji : “The language of honour of all those still under the flag of the sword and the courtesy of kicks ?” Vaidika Dharma !” “Then make him understand !” The Great The sword swung down. But it never One disappeared as he came. reached its target. As if struck off by History has recorded the sequence. Afzal somebody, it jumped off the fingers and Khan sent a Brahmin Emissary with a letter. clattered down to the floor of the sanctum. It contained soft words of praise and Shivaji shouted in pain and stood up. “Oh promises of protection for everything and My Lord Gurudev ! Thou here !” He placed everybody, if only Shivaji entered his out- his forehead at the feet of Samartha stretched arms of honour and friendship. Ramdas standing, wearing kaupin ( a little Shivaji understood this language very well. loin cloth) with a coarse torn sack cloth And he responded. He sent his Brahmin on his shoulders. The Siddha Purusha’s emissary with his message : Shivaji was eyes were blazing. This Raghuvir, Great shivering from head to foot at the sight of One, how did he come into this bolted Mighty Army and the Mightier Battari. His sanctum ! Shivaji had swooned away. The fright prevented him from going down to great Samartha touched him, lifted him and the Great Khan. Why not meet half-way VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 274 SHIVAJI IN STORIES up Pratapgad ! ‘Shivaji and Afzal to come With the warrior’s presence of mind, he unarmed but for a danger of dignity and plunged the steel claws worn on his left each to have a couple of unarmed finger, hidden by the loose sleeves, into bodyguards. the side of Khan, and with the right hand drove his dagger into the Khan’s perfidious Krishnaji Bhaskar the emissary; of the Khan heart, Khan’s grip slipped and he fell down was coaxed by the appeals of Shivaji to in death throes. The body-guards clashed. reveal the real intentions of the Khan, Yesaji, the giant commander bodyguard of deceit, murder and destruction. Shivaji, felled the bodyguard, Syed Banda, of Afzal. He cut off the head of the General of Bijapur and raised it on a pole !

A gun boomed from Pratapgad Fort. Pandemonium was let loose. Shivaji’s Cavalry swept down the fort with cries of “Jai Shivaji !” This cry had its echo all around. Late into the night and in the early hours, the battle, nay massacre of Bijapur’s army went on. The war of Freedom was won. Bijapur crumbled. On its defeat and ashes rose the great kingdom of Vedic Dharma. The foundation was laid for a free Bharath.

At a decorated pavilion, the puny Mahratta The Moghuls went the way of Bijapur. The and the giant Afzal met. Their bodyguards white man came. But the spirit of Shivaji had stopped away at a distance. Shivaji survived and entered millions of hearts in got into the outstretched arms in deceitful 1857 and in the twentieth century. Tactics embrace. It was action in the speed of changed to suit the honeyed words and lightning. With the left arm holding the soft emasculation of the White Invader. figure of Shivaji, with his right arm the Khan BHARATH became FREE and is FREE ! JAI drew his dagger and plunged it into the BHARATHI ! Mahratta’s back. The mountain fox had anticipated. The dagger blunted by the chain mail armour inside slipped and fell. The Khan slipped the head of Shivaji into his armpit and pressed it like a vice. Shivaji’s body shuddered. He was choking fast. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 275 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

SACRIFICE

YOUNG girl leapt into the dancing Karnataka. People realised that this was flames that consumed the remains a silver lining in their thickly overcast sky. Aof her lord and master. The stricken So they set out one day, to explain to father stood overwhelmed by grief at two Great Shivaji about their miserable plight buds that were nipped by the cruel hand at the hands of these two brothers. At of time before they could fulfil their life last, the emissary of a chosen few silently mission. Yet had he not done his little bit sped to Shivaji’s camp. The wily Khan to lighten the load of his sorrowing brethren brothers came to know of this and pounced ? Had he not won the hero’s laurels ? on the families of these representatives and tortured them. Yes, through the embers that were now fast dying out, the father traced the heroic Undaunted, these men told their tale of saga of his son. Who was he ? What was woe to Shivaji and sadly requested him to the terrible role that he had enacted, that relieve them from the clutches of the cruel the curtain had so abruptly been rung down masters. Shivaji listened to them very ? This then is the burden of this tale. patiently and swore to put an end to the tyrannical rule of Adil Shah in that area. Koppal was a stronghold of Deccan with a He sent Hambirrao Mohite with a large army very strong fort, commanded by two to attack the Pathans . Two young boys powerful Pathan brothers named Hussain took part in this campaign, namely Nagoji Khan Miyana and Abdur Rahiman Khan Jedhe and Dhanaji Jadhav. Nagoji had Miyana. The brothers were notorious for inherited all the valour and daredevil their high-handedness and inflicted untold courage from his valiant grandfather. His injury on the people of the area. Their father, Sarje Rao also accompanied bigoted fanaticism resulted in the Hambirrao Mohite. destruction of temples and religious institutions. People dumbly submitted to Hambirrao marched with his army towards all the injury and insults inflicted on them. Sampgaon. The Miyana brothers already They had no hope but to send up fervent knew of the attack, but, having a mighty prayers to the Almighty to alleviate their force at their command, they were not misery. perturbed in the least, and confidently prepared to counter the attack. Now it seemed that the Good Lord had heard their prayers and responded. These As Hambirrao reached Yelburga near Linga miserable minions of Koppal learnt one fine Sagar along with his army he saw massive morning that Shivaji, the great defender clouds of dust rising from the hoofs of an of the common man had come to approaching cavalry. He at once realised VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 276 SHIVAJI IN STORIES that the enemy had mustered more javelin on the temple of the elephant, which strength and the Marathas had little or no sank to the ground, trumpeting in fury and chance against them. He knew the pain. The boy who was hardly old enough reputation of the Miyana brothers, who to be out of his playground now recklessly were very brave and strong. There was threw himself at his enemy in the battle no turning back now. With their war cry field. Also, such valour was not destined of ‘Har Har Mahadeo’ the Marathas charged to flower to its full glory in manhood and forward, determined to fight to the last an arrow from the Khan’s hand struck a and inflict a heavy toll on the Khan deadly blow on his tender forehead, piercing brothers. It appeared as though their his skull, and sending him reeling to the determination lent extra strength to the ground. entire army and the fury with which the Though the boy fell, the torch was taken Marathas attacked the ranks of the Khan on by other hands and before the Khan brothers created panic. The calculated could even think of retreating, Dhanaji and offence planned by the Khans was foiled Hambirrao Mohite pounced upon him and and now they had to grope their way out took him captive. The laurels of the battle of the enemy lines. were of little comfort to the Marathas who The Marathas broke into the Khan’s army mourned the death of the young lad. Sarje and were coming close to the Khan himself. Rao stood in stunned silence by his dying The Pathan soldiers were in panic. The son. His was the glorious happiness of Khan realised that he was trapped and having fathered so valiant a son. This then ordered his mahout to turn his elephant was the funeral pyre into which his young back. Nagoji saw Hussain Khan’s move for wife leapt to unite in another world with the escape and strode fast towards the her heroic partner. Khan and struck a severe blow with his VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 277 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

SHIVAJI IN THE SOUTH

PROFESSOR R. ANNAMALAI

HE Coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji rich provinces of the south. Others took place in 1674. After his consider that the expedition was planned Tceremony he assumed lofty titles to to punish Vyankoji into submission and to signify his full sovereignty. Even after the claim his share of his ancestral property assumption of the royal title of Chhatrapati, left by his father. The creation of a Hindu he could not be considered as an Emperor, Pad Padshahi by uniting all the Hindu as his dominion hardly extended beyond powers of South India was the most 200 miles in length and far less in breadth. important reason why Shivaji thought of In the west coast, the Siddis and the the South. Portuguese were his enemies. In the east, As to the person responsible for it, opinions the tottering Sultanates of Bijapur and again differ. Some name Raghunath Golkonda remained sometimes as a threat Hanumante. Others argue that Madanna and at other times as an opportunity. The Pant, the Minister of Kutub Shah was the northern gates were ably blocked from author of the scheme. They might have Shivaji’s expanding ambitions by the forces contributed towards the success of the of the Mughals. Only the South offered enterprise, but the initiator of this plan him a valuable chance. Shivaji’s brother was Shivaji himself. He was the sole Vyankoji was ruling the south from architect of his fortunes. Thanjavur. The political condition in the southern The compelling reason of Shivaji’s idea of states at this juncture offered him the great conquest of the south was the imperative opportunity. In the Mysore region, Chikka need of money. The coronation ceremony Deva Raya was at war with Chokkanatha had already emptied the treasury. Nayak of the kingdom of Madurai. The Construction of forts, his naval programme Marathas of Thanjavur and Chokkanatha and the raising of huge armies drained his were at loggerheads. Bijapur Sultans were vast resources. In 1676 Shivaji completed supposed to be the nominal rulers of these his plan of an expedition to the south. parts. But as the central authority at Historians differ with regard to two Bijapur became weak, its governor at important questions : first, as to the Gingee and Walikandapuram began to motive which compelled Shivaji to undertake quarrel with one another. Golkonda tried this expedition, and second, as to the its level best to profit at this confused person responsible for it. state of affairs in the south, Madanna Pant, As for the motive, three reasons may be the Minister of Golkonda was waiting for adduced. Some are of the opinion that an opportunity for building up a Pant-Hindu Shivaji’s main object was to plunder the coalition in the south. Raghunath VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 278 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Hanumante the guardian of Vyankoji him men and money to co-operate with accepted the idea of Madanna Pant. Shivaji in his design of the conquest of the Meanwhile Hanumante’s interference in the south. Leaving Bhagya Nagar in March administration was disliked by Vyankoji. As 1677, Shivaji marched southwards towards a result, he was compelled to leave Shri Sailam, where he worshipped Shri Thanjavur and traced his steps to Shivaji’s Bhavani. Leaving Shri Sailam, Shivaji court. Hanumante’s persuasion succeeded passed through Tirupati and Kalahasti and in getting the willing support of Akkanna halted at Peddapolam for sometime. He and Madanna to Shivaji. The Bakhars, had already sent an advance contingent Chitnis and Shiva Digvijaya assert that the of 5,000 strong cavalry through object of Shivaji’s expedition was to obtain Kancheepuram to Gingee. The commanders a part of his father’s jagirs in the Karnatic of the fort were won over by diplomacy from Vyankoji. But the main object of the and Gingee was taken. He constructed expedition of Shivaji in the south seems to new ramparts around Gingee, dug ditches, be conquest and annexation and erected towers, created basins with establishment of Hindavi Swarajya. perfection.

English records try to paint this expedition His next attack was on Vellore which was of Shivaji as a campaign of plunder. But defended by another Muslim commander. from Sabhas one learns that during the Shivaji was not able to take Vellore, and expedition Shivaji took the greatest care leaving the siege operations in the hands to see that his soldiers refrained from of Narahari Rudra marched southwards to plundering the inhabitants of the land and meet Sher Khan Lodi, the Bijapur Governor. causing damage to them. Sabhas mentions After 14 months Vellore was taken by that “the Raja (Shivaji) entertained in his Shivaji’s troops. Sher Khan Lodi had his heart the desire of conquering the seat of Government at Walikandapuram. Karnataka from the Tungabhadra Valley to The Maratha forces under Shivaji were met the Kaveri”. He wanted to take control of by him at Tiruvedi (South Arcot District). Pondichery, as it was in the hands of Lodi found it difficult to contain the foreign powers. Marathas and tried to escape to Tevanapatam. Shivaji chased him to The Course of the Expedition Bhuvana Giri. His men Captured Valdur, By the end of the year 1676 Shivaji started Tevanapatam and several other forts of his southern expedition with 20,000 cavalry Sher Khan. He gave up the struggle and and 40,000 infantry. Raghunath Narayan made peace with Shivaji (July 1677). and Janardhan narayan assisted him with After his victory over Sher Khan, Shivaji their knowledge about the topography of camped for sometime with his army at the Karnatic. Firstly, Shivaji had gone to Tirumal Vadi on the banks of the river Bhagya Nagar (Hyderabad) to befriend the Coleroon. Chokkanatha’s envoy came from Kutub Shah of Golkonda. When he visited Madurai to meet Shivaji. A sum of 6 lakhs Bhagya Nagar he was given a royal was paid to make peace with Shivaji. reception. The Golkonda Sultan offered VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 279 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Vyankoji was invited to see Shivaji, and Between 1676-80, Chennai Kuppam the latter went as far as Tirupatora to (Madras) was called Maratta Town when receive his brother. Vyankoji was asked Shivaji visited Madras. Before coming to to give major portions of his jagirs to Madras he had already conquered Porto Shivaji, which declined. Shivaji was Novo, Gingee and Kancheepuram. The naturally angered. Fearing retribution, march of Shivaji threatened the English. Vyankoji took to his heels and Shivaji They took shelter within the Fort of St. directed his troops to take possession of George at Madras Kuppam. The English the Thanjavur kingdom. Later, Shivaji wanted to oppose Shivaji, but the heroic excused Vyankoji. Shivaji conquered all attack of Shivaji compelled them to take the country belonging to Sher Khan and shelter within the Fort of St. George (based deprived Vyankoji of all his open territories on Love : Vestiges of old Madras in three on the side of Coleroon. Only Vellore and volumes). The Brass cup chariot could be Arni continued to defy Shivaji. The seen even to this day in the temple at conquered parts were governed by Thambu Chetty Street, under repair. The Raghunath Narayan as Minister and Chariot was drawn in the days Chhatrapati Hambirrao as Commander-in-Chief. Shivaji.

Shivaji left the Coleroon base for Shivaji had spent more than ten months in Walikandapuram where he stayed for a short the south. At this juncture Aurangazeb, time. From Walikandapuram, he went to the Mughal Emperor began to attack the Tundumugurti and received presents from south. Convening a grand council of all the Dutch at Tevanapatam. His army took his Ministers, Shivaji resolved to return to the fort of Elevanasur from Vyankoji. Shivaji Raigad. The homeward journey of Shivaji went to Vriddhachalam to worship Lord commenced in Novermber 1677. “The forts Shiva in the great temple there. He of Kolhar and Balapur were captured. The advanced to Srirangam and worshipped country was conquered. Some forts were Lord Ranganatha (August 1677). Shivaji built. Turbulent polegars were destroyed was in Vaniyambadi in September 1677. and reduced to dust.” After placing the Soon he plundered Porto Novo and conquered territories under Raghunath advanced as far as within two days march Pant, Shivaji passed through Koppal, from Madras. Arni had surrendered to Lakshmeshwar, Sampgaon and captured the Shivaji by this time. fort of Belvadi. He reached Panhala in April 1678. Shivaji visited Madras on October 3, 1677. In Thambu Chetty street in Madras, there is a Kali temple (Amba Bhavani) in which Shivaji is supposed to have worshipped Goddess Bhavani. Shivaji offered land gifts to this temple. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 280 SHIVAJI IN STORIES SHIVAJI REWARDS THE POET BHUSHAN

IKWANPUR, a small hamlet, was Imprisoned Shah Jahan stares mutely destined to raise its humble head At his beloved in Taj Mahal Tin pride at the greatness of its children, for it was in this village that the Of an ungrateful son. famous poet Bhushan, who achieved And your brothers shrink away immortality for himself and the Chhatrapati through his literary compositions, was born. From the sinful shadow Born in a Brahmin family with a cultural Of yours ; you who detested sharing and literary background, not only Bhushan, but also his two brothers, Moti Ram and A mere kingdom and a throne Chintamani, developed great skill in poetic With one that shared your very blood – compositions. Moti Ram was the court poet Dara. at Aurangazeb’s durbar and was eager to introduce Bhushan to Aurangazeb. And so What do earthly bonds of brotherhood it happened that one fine morning Bhushan mean, stood in the presence of the Moghul To one like you who designed deceit, Emperor who asked him to recite a piece of poetry. Bhushan was a young man well- To Murad Baksh under oath of Koran ? known for his straight-forward and frank nature, and the poem he recited very much Such unpalatable truth had no appeal for reflected these qualities : Aurangazeb. Yet, he pretended to be pleased by the poem, and asked Bhushan Calling yourself a Jahanpana, to recite another verse. The next verse did little to assuage the sting of the first You sit in Imperial splendour one. In it Bhushan compared Aurangazeb Upon the Delhi throne to a cat pretending to do penance after a meal of several rats ! But, O mighty Aurangazeb : know ye, It was very surprising that in spite of such Your glory is tainted, impertinence Aurangazeb did not inflict any Besmirched is your grandeur punishment on the poet. But, Bhushan knew the consequences of such conduct By the deeds of treachery only too well. He realised that Aurangazeb, Through which you ascended perhaps, had designs to punish him in the worst possible manner, sometime later or This seat of Moghul supremacy. in due course, and he quit Agra immediately...... VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 281 SHIVAJI IN STORIES He went to Chhatrasa, the King of Orchcha As tiny Krishna – Lord and Victor on who was a man of culture, sincerely groaning Kamsa subdued, religious and God-fearing. Chhatrasal So, to the Mlechcha hoards – no doubt is advised Bhushan to go further to the south Shivaraja – the brave ! and contact Shivaji who was the only ruler that was more than a match for Aurangazeb After hearing the verse Shivaji drew a line and his court the only place where Bhushan on the ground, and said, “Once more would be welcomed without the fear of Panditji.” the Emperor’s displeasure. Bhushan recited the verse again. When Bhushan finally reached Shivaji’s “Once more.” residence, it was past evening. Shivaji was engaged in the evening worship, the Bhushan repeated it, once more. “Sandhya rites”. He was informed that a “Go on.” Brahmin poet from the north had come to seek refuge under him. Shivaji immediately Bhushan went on repeating the verse and ordered him to be admitted with due Shivaji drew a line after each recitation. respect. After a formal chat Shivaji After repeating the very fifty one times, requested Bhushan to recite some of his when Shivaji asked Bhushan to repeat, the verses. In his rich, glorious voice the poet latter could no longer control his temper. sang out : He said, “Shivaji, it appears my poetry does As Indra majestic on clouds aloft, not interest you and you are making fun of me by making me repeat it like a parrot.” As Varuna to the deep fire infernal, Shivaji gave a hearty laugh : He said, “Oh As dispenser of dharma of Raghu’s line, Brahmin, I had decided to present you the On ego-drunk demon Ravana, same number of villages as the number of times you repeated the poem. After all As winds on gathering clouds, you a Brahmin and could not contain your As angry Siva on indulgent Kama, temper. I just wanted to see how long your patience will hold.” So saying, Shivaji As raging fire, a scourge to trees shorn got up and embraced the poet, praising shor, his verse highly for its charm and offered As lion does reign supreme on décor’d him permanent refuge in his kingdom. elephant tame,

As sun-light to darkness of distress and sobs, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 282 SHIVAJI IN STORIES SHIVASHAHI OR RAMARAJYA ?

MUKUND PARKHI

ENRY witnessed the coronation them warmly, and made enquiries about ceremony of Shivaji with great the purpose of their visit. interest. He was observant of H Shenvi replied politely, every detail, quick to discover anything revealed or suggested in any countenance, “This gentleman wishes to know about our any act. People gathered in large numbers, system of administration, the different and their rejoicing and happiness departments and their functions, etc. I proclaimed in no uncertain terms that they thought you would be the proper person loved this man who, from a rugged soldier to enlighten him, so I have brought him to of a tiny guerilla band, had risen to the you.” mighty generalship of a huge army and was Chimnaji reflected for a while and said “Well, now being crowned as an Emperor. Such gentleman, I shall certainly give you love from a people could be won by a King whatever information I can. But, I am afraid only when he happened to be an able and I will have to withhold certain facts which just administrator. “Now, if only I could are confidential and are not within my know some details about Shviaji’s discretion to disclose.” administrative system, I could comprehend this phenomenon of a man much better,” Shenvi interpreted the conversation to Henry mused. Henry and the latter nodded his agreement. Then he turned to Chimnaji and asked : He turned to Shenvi, “Could you please take me to someone who would enlighten “Will you kindly explain your system of me about the administrative system Government ?” adopted by Shivaji Maharaj ? It would Chimnaji explained, “As you know, Maharaj interest me greatly” he said. being the sovereign Emperor is the supreme Shenvi thought for a while and recollected controlling authority. There is a council of something. He asked the foreigner to follow eight Ministers to assist him, known as him. It was evening, and the rush of Ashta Pradhan Mandal headed by Moropant working hours was fast diminishing, as most Pingale who is the Prime Minister of Peshwa. of the workers on the fort of Raigarh had The Ministers are allocated different finished their duties and left for their homes. portfolios.” Shenvi thought it was an appropriate time “Could you please give me a brief account to contact Chimnaji Aoji, the Phadnis – the of your civil and military administration ?” officer next to the Secretary. Chimnaji Aoji was resting in his court-yard when Henry and Shenvi arrived. He welcomed VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 283 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “You see, our Kingdom is divided into three Sarnobat and Sabnis, besides the Karkhanis zones called ‘Prants.’ Each of them is who is given charge of stores. Paiks, Naiks, governed by a Sarkarkun, who is equivalent gunners and archers are posted at different to a Council Minister in rank. Each Prant is points on the forts.” sub divided into Subhas, with a Subedar- Chimnaji paused. Henry, listening intently, in-charge of each Subha and a Mazumdar now came out with his next question “ is appointed. Besides the Mazumdar each Subha has a Karkun (Clerk) to help him in “Could you explain to me the revenue officer work. system, its collection and disbursement ?”

“A Subha is further divided into Mahals – Chimnaji continued “ revenue paying units, with a Havaldar in “I am sure you are aware that our main charge of a number of villages and source of revenue is agriculture. The Paraganas which comprised a Mahal. Patil, quality of the land, its extent and the extent Deshmukh, Kulkarni and Yardis are different of yield per year are all taken into designations denoting the officers of the consideration for fixing up a revenue ceiling Village. They are exempt from land revenue upon every farmer. The farmers who and their offices are more or less hereditary possess first class land, lands with in character. perennial water supply come first. The “Now let us discuss the military next best lands are taxed at a slightly lower administration. The army consists of rate. In any case, the actual yield is cavalry and infantry. Senapati or the measured from the standing crop and the Commander-in-Chief is a member of our tax is collected accordingly. The Patil is Council of Ministers. Our cavalry has held responsible for the collection of land Sarnobat, Panchhazari – commanding 5,000 revenue. If by mistake, more is collected, horsemen, Hazari – 1,000 horsemen, credit is given for the next year and to Jumledar, Havaldar and Bargir as the officers that extent the land revenue collected is in that order. Similarly, the same pattern reduced. is followed in infantry except that a Naik “In case of famines or other conditions replaces a Bargir. In addition, a civilian resulting in the loss of crop, if reported in official called Sabnis is attached to the time, our land authorities are authorised army. There is a separate band of to give remission according to the bodyguards appointed to attend on the contingency. It is necessary to tell you Maharaj. that our Maharaj is very particular that all “The navy consists of two squadrons of a the intermediaries are eliminated in variety of ships – viz., gurabs, tarandes, collection of land revenue and we establish tarus, galbats, sibads and bagar. There is contact directly with the cultivators.” a Sarnobat for the navy also. We have a “Wait a minute,” before the topic was special administrative system for the forts. concluded a doubt was raised by Henry: The officers of the fort are Havaldar, “What do you mean by intermediaries?” VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 284 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

Chimnaji seemed to be delighted with this “Military Administration also require large question. He continued : “Formerly we funds. The payment of men, upkeep of had the zamindari system, where the horses, maintenances of arms and zamindars used to loot the actual ammunition, of forts and ships etc., are to cultivators, submit wrong figures to the be met from the same source. Shivaji government and enjoy an unauthorised Maharaj is very keen on the development discount. Maharaj had eliminated the of agriculture, as it is the major source of zamindars as also the watandars, the our revenue. We advance loans to needy generals who were offered a number of farmers in the form of bullocks, seeds and villages to take care of by a Sultan, or a other kinds of agricultural equipment, and self-styled Badshah. Our village officers no interest is charged on the advance. The like Deshmukh and Desai visit every village new cultivators get bigger loans as for on-the-spot-assessment, taking into encouragement even for their maintenance consideration all the factors involved and till the harvest season. The officers are making sure that the farmer does not suffer. asked to meet the farmers and needy Maharaj has shrewdly kept a separate people directly and to attend to their record to see whether these village officials requirements. pay the correct amount of revenue out of “The state also spends liberally on digging the total collection. Thus there is a watch canals and their maintenance as also on kept on these village officials.” other sources of water supply to the “Marvellous” exclaimed Henry in full cultivable land. appreciation. Chimnaji continued : “We have a ship-building industry at “Besides, land-revenue we also get Kalyan-Bhivandi, and we use the timber substantial revenue from our various readily available nearby. Ware-houses are expeditions, tributes that are imposed on maintained to store grains and goods for aliens and so on. The budget for each export and market, and they are sold only year is prepared with the help of the Prime when they fetch good money. Then we Minister and details are worked out with have a mint at Raigarh itself. meticulous care, allotting the amounts to each department taking into consideration “We also have to expend large sums for priorities. The expenditure is determined building new forts, repairing old ones and under four heads viz. 1. Expenditure on in the construction of various other Civil Administration, 2. On Military buildings, shopping centres and temples Administration, 3. On Agriculture and within the forts. Our Kingdom has no less Industries and 4. Expenditure on the Royal than two hundred and forty and strongholds Family. Civil Administration involves the right now.” largest share of our revenue, as a huge “What about the personal expenses of the net-work of employees throughout the king and his family ?” asked Shenvi. country are paid from the Public Exchequer. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 285 SHIVAJI IN STORIES let him remain quiet and he asked him a further question.

“What remuneration do your government officials receive ?” Chimnaji tried to evade by saying, “Quite sufficient” Henry was not prepared to lose the initiative from his hands and questioned again.

“Why do you say quite sufficient ? Let us know how much amount constitutes ‘quite sufficient’ for you ?” Chimnaji yielded and replied.”

“You see, I shall not go into details, but I can give you some figures. The Prime Minister earns 15,00 Huns an year and Amatya 12,000 Huns an year. The other Ministers get 10,000 Huns an year. The “Yes, that is also a part of public Secretary gets 6,000 Huns an year while expenditure. But, probably you know our their soldiers in the ranks draw between Maharaj is a very simple man. He did not 10 and 200 Huns per annum. The Mazumdar, spend much on himself except on the Sarnobat Hasabnis and Havaldar drew occasion of the coronation, when he was between 36 and 150 Huns. Now have I compelled to. Yes, there is always some cleared all your doubts ? I hope I have expenditure for the queens, their children, given you a clear picture of our construction of palaces, buildings, halls, administrative system”, concluded Chimnaji temples, etc. The same head of account in all politeness. is also used for the residential accommodation for the ministers as well. Then there are elephants, horses, body- guards and trusted men of Maharaj to be taken care of. The amount allotted for Maharaj’s personal expenses also includes the funds spent on charitable deeds, such as grants to learned people, religious institutions of not only the Hindus, but also of other faiths and to the poor and needy.”

Henry seemed quite satisfied with the explanation of Chimnaji, which he though was to the point. But his curiosity did not VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 286 SHIVAJI IN STORIES HENRY ASKS FOR MORE

MUKUND PARKH

OT satisfied with a complete Deepavali and Varsha Pratipada. The very account of the administration same customs and same festivals are still NHenry now wished to know about in vague. Maharaj patronised learned men society, the customs, religious festivals, and he has made education compulsory. education, status of women and other We celebrate Dassara on a mass scale, aspects of the State. treating it as a day of victory. Besides this, people attend religious fairs held at “Though I admit that your administra-tion different places to commemorate the life is grand it may not give content-ment to of some saints. Women who were once the people. The people are required to afraid of coming out of their houses now function as a society and when you think freely participated in the festivals. Gone of society, your social needs become was the fear that they had of being primary and important. You see, you have dishonoured. certain religious festivals and customs, and good or bad. Again, society needs Educational Institutions are run out of entertainment, education and so on. Would Public funds. Our Minister of Education is you kindly enlighten me on these points ?” Pandit Rao, who attends to all matters pertaining to education as well as religion. Chimnaji replied : “You are aware that our Maharaj encouraged young writers by society, our social needs and customs are rewarding them for their writings. based on our ancient traditions. If we peep Raghunath Hanumante has recently written into the past we can see that Yadavas the Rajya Vyavaharakosha, a volume (200 B.C. to 1271 A.D.) ruled over this dealing with political terms and their usage. part of the country. Mahadev Rai Yadava Similarly Krishna Jyotishi has brought out a spent all his life to make this part, treatise on astrology named ‘Karan Maharashtra, rich in every way, Kaustubh’ Gaga Bhatta wrote ‘Sivarkodaya’, economically, culturally and socially. His wherein he explained the duties of the subjects respected him, not only for his people and Paramananda and Bhushan, both deeds of valour but also for his generosity of them poets of high order, have composed and kindness. ‘Siva Bharat’ and ‘Siva Bhushan’ “During his time Maharashtra shone through respectively. All these scholars enjoy royal its golden age. He built many temples, patronage. maintained a large army, for the protection “That is an account of the cultural life of of this State, and patronised poets, our State. To make it complete I would astronomers, doctors and other learned mention one special feature. We have our men. All were happy during his regime – bards or wandering minstrels who compose people celebrated festivals like Dassara, VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 287 SHIVAJI IN STORIES songs that will rouse the martial spirit of who is extolled by his subjects, even while the people and inspire deep patriotism in he is alive. Now could you spare a few them. Then, there are also troupes of more moments ?’ singer-cum-dancers, who move from village “I thought that I had told you all that you to village, entertaining the people with their wanted to be said” replied the patient songs called ‘Lavnis’. Chimnaji. Now that you are curious to know “With this final request I shall wind up. something of our customs let me tell you Could you give me a brief account of the that our customs are the same as they welfare schemes that he has brought ?” were years and years ago. Social customs are the same all over India, but our Maharaj “Many are the schemes that Shivaji sees to it that no custom violates the Maharaj has formulated for the welfare of human aspect of life.” his people. All of them are meant to benefit some section of society or the other. Being “You said that the women can go about a warrior he gives awards for gallantry. freely without any fear now. Yes, certainly Soldiers who have lost their lives are it is commendable. But could you tell me posthumously rewarded and their exactly what is the status of women under dependants are well cared for. Shivaji Maharaj ?” Henry queried. “In times of peace he turns his attention Before Shivaji’s times women suffered to the consolidation of his newly acquired greatly. Not only the Sultan’s men but territory. He has canals for irrigation. The even our own people often took advantage farmers are well cared for. Measures are of their weakness. Women were treated taken against the unjust extortion of as mere objects of enjoyment. Maharaj money from poor farmers. Transport is with the great respect that he has for his made easy by construction and mother looks upon all women as the very improvement of roads. incarnation of Bhavani, the Mother Goddess. Disregard shown to women by any man in “Cutting down of trees was strictly banned. his kingdom infuriates him and such As a result a number of orchards and offenders receive capital punishment. So, gardens have flourished during his time. you see, women are highly respected and In fact, the gardeners were encouraged treated with true regard by one and all. and rewarded for their pains. Consequently They have no longer any fears of being famine is a very rare occurrence in harassed. Maharaj’s realms.”

“I am indeed grateful to you for the “I would just ask one more question, and patience you have shown in explaining all then I shall not trouble you any further. these things to me. It is heartening to Could you enumerate the reasons why know that chivalry is not dead and that Shivaji Maharaj has become so widely your Maharaj embodies in himself all that popular ?” said Henry. is noble and great. Rare indeed is one VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 288 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “I was sure to answer to your question is construction of new forts and repair and already there in the account I had so far maintenance of the old ones ; for ship- given” said Chimnaji with a smile. building, for erection of factories etc. “Nevertheless there are a few special These activities require countless skilled assets of our Maharaj that add to his glory, and unskilled labourers like masons, black- and I will enumerate them for you. We are smiths, carpenters, etc. He also all captivated by his superior personality, encourages cultivation of new lands and his alluring smile, polite manners, and offers loans to fresh cultivators. The determined will. We admire his character. construction of new forts and establishments of new colonies result in “He never takes credit for his own success. opening new marketing places. Naturally He attributes them to the Lord who made all types of trade flourish under the benign him rule over the empire. His sense of protection of the Chhatrapati. justice is very high with no room for any bias in it. He is the trusted friend of those “Finally, because of his exemplary character who come to him in friendship, and he is he can always hold the scales of justice also the most perplexing rival to those for nobody can really entertain grievances whom he suspects of evil designs against on account of his punishments, no matter himself or his people. He is very simple in how severe they might be. It is his his habits of life. He lives like an ordinary character, that has made his subjects soldier, eating and sleeping as they do. fearless and at the same time law-abiding. His courage is extraordinary. He infuses The poor do not suffer ill treatment from the same in his colleagues and the rich. He is acclaimed by our people as subordinates. He commends and rewards a monarch of the lofty eminence of Sri acts of valour instantaneously. This helps Rama, and we feel his kingdom is indeed him in winning people over to him. At the Ramrajya again.” same time his hand falls heavily on traitors Chimnaji thus concluded his long and cowards, and he does not hesitate to explanation and his eyes glistened with go to the extreme in punishing them. moisture as he spoke with emotion of his “His respect for his mother, preceptors and beloved king, Henry too was deeply moved. elders in general is noteworthy. Similarly his religious tolerance has earned the esteem of the Muslim community in particular. We have a countless number of Muslim soldiers, cavaliers and sailors, some of them holding very high posts, and Muslim saints and monasteries are given generous grants.

“He has created a number of employment opportunities, through schemes for the VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 289 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

FARE HARD AND JOURNEY FAST

N contrast to the splendour of and in as straight a line as the ground will Shivaji’s court on ceremonial admit. The shops for the troops’ provisions Ioccasions, the Maratha armies called Doakans, are pitched in two lines presented a spectacle of Spartan running parallel to each other and they form simplicity. Fryer summed them up roundly one grand street from from the front to as “-accustomed to fare hard, journey fast the rear of the army. The different chiefs and take little pleasure.” In fact, “they en-camp to the right and left of the looked like our old Britains, half naked, and principal street. as fierce.” But the same critic admitted At the door of every tent is a fire, the their superiority in some respects to the smoke of which spreads throughout the Mussalman armies in being “of a rougher whole camp where it serves to keep the temper, more hardy and less addicted to people warm, to drive the flies away from the soft vanities of music, pomp or the cattle and to put out the eyes of all stateliness.” Unlike the soldiers of the those who are unused to so gross an Moghul armies they were subject to severe element.” discipline and disobedience often resulted in death. No women were allowed into the The fastidious captain is describing the camp. This wholesome provision, un- camp of a Maratha field-army at full precedented in that age in Asia or in Europe, strength . But in many of Shivaji’s gave to Shivaji’s forces a mobility hitherto campaigns only cavalry were used and their unknown in Indian war-fare. bivouacs were very different. Speed was the main quality desired of the Maratha For an impression of a Maratha camp on horsemen. An anonymous Englishman, campaign we may return for a moment to writing in 1788, said that he had seen the sensitive Captain Broughton (whose bodies of fifty to sixty thousand Maratha comments on the Marathas will be horses advance across the country for remembered) “On marching days the many days in succession at the rate of quarter-master general moves off at an fifty miles a day. The average mount was, early hour, and, upon reaching the ground, he notices, “a lean, ill-looking animal, but where the army is to encamp, he plants a large-boned.” His rider wore no defensive small white flag, to mark the spot where armour except a quilted jacket and “all his the tents of the commander are to be baggage and necessary food were pitched and which collectively are termed contained in a small bag tied upon the the Deeoree. The flags of the different saddle. The food of the rider consists of a Bazaars are then fixed as they arrive, few cakes already baked, a small quantity always in the same situation to each other of flour and rice and some salt…….that of VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 290 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Cavalry were less, well paid and had to the horses, balls of black peas mixed with provide their own mounts. Rations were, garlic and hot spices. These balls they both to Western and contemporary Moghul make use of by way of a cordial to restore eyes, scanty. But then Shivaji himself only the vigour of their horses after fatigue.” ate one small meal a day. In contrast to the infantry regiments, “tents The infantry was not provided with salaries are very rarely used by the cavalry. Even but were paid in kind all except Shivaji’s the officers have frequently nothing but a Guard, composed of two thousand picked small carpet to sit and lie upon, and the hill men who were well paid and smartly whole baggage of the General is carried on informed. one Camel. The rider, having provided for his horse, sits down then to his own There was nothing of the feudal levy or temperate meal, and after having finished, casual militia about Shivaji’s army. Military he lies down perfectly contented by the service was regarded as a rare privilege side of his horse, and when called by the and aspirants had to prove they were sound of the Nagara, or the great drum, is worthy of it. New soldiers were only at once ready to mount.” These great admitted to the service after a personal drums boomed out at dawn, and in the interview with Shivaji and two soldiers thin mist the camp sprang to instant already in Shivaji’s employment had to stand activity. A light meal was taken by the surety for the recruit. men squatting round a wood fire. In the short time the camp was broken up and the whole force had disappeared leaving hardly a trace of its bivouac. The same anonymous Englishman noted how fond the Maharajas were of their horses and how cleverly they trained them. “By being constantly with the riders, who are fond of caressing and talking to them, they acquire the intelligence and docility of more domestic animals. They are taught to stop when in full gallop and or turn round instantly upon their hind legs as upon a pivot.

The cavalry arm was divided into Regulars and Irregulars. In the regiments of Regulars the troops were provided with a horse each and received twelve rupees a month as pay. The Master of the horse received about eight hundred rupees. The Irregular VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 291 SHIVAJI IN STORIES SANSKRIT WORKS ON SHIVAJI

By DR. M. D. PARADKAR

eena and Usha : Good morning primarily the topic for a historian, not for a Sir. Sanskritist like me. M Teacher : Good morning. Usha : Sir, we know that you have great Welcome to you. interest in history.

Meena : Sir, Usha and myself have been Meena : Moreover, we do want to know your students in Sanskrit, and is it not our whether there are any works on Shivaji right to see you and pay our respects to written in Sanskrit. you ? Teacher : Meena, that is a pertinent Teacher : No doubt about it. But, Meena ! question. There are many works in Sanskrit You have now passed your M.A. that deal with Shivaji’s adventurous life. examination with flying colours, and Usha! After all he had been a source of inspiration You have just got the first prize in the not only to the people of Maharashtra but Annual examination of Junior B.A. I offer also to the people of our country in general. my congratulations to both of you. I met Usha : Sir, If Shivaji has been the idol of your father the other day and he has the people of his times, he must have been already given me sweets. looked upon as God even during his life- Usha : Sir, we are glad that you remember time ? us so well and show great interest in us. Teacher : Usha, you have rightly guessed. Teacher : Well that is my duty. But you Kavindra Paramananda, one of his have not answered my question so far. contemporaries has written a long poem There must be some purpose in seeing named Shiva Bharatha and has treated me early in the morning. Shivaji as an incarnation of God Siva and considers his life to be on par with the Meena : Sir, you have guessed rightly. epic, Mahabharatha. You know that this year we are celebrating the 300th Centenary of Shivaji’s Coronation Meena : Sir, You said that this is a long throughout the country. poem. May we know its extent ?

Teacher : That is true. It is only in the Teacher : Why not ? Shiva Bharatha is fitness of things to commemorate that written in the old Puranic style and consists great event and try to emulate that gifted of 32 Adhyayas. leader of the 17th century. But this is VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 292 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Usha : This shows that the intended extent Panhala fort in 1672 A.D. This work, though was originally much more than the one that small in size, successfully indicates the is available. cleverness of Shivaji’s assistants such as Kondaji, Ganaji, etc., who brought the fort Teacher : Exactly. The story of Shivaji under their control by suddenly invading it begins actually in the sixth chapter where during a dark night and taking the enemy the date of his birth namely Saka 1551 is by complete surprise. correctly given. Usha: Sir, it has been said that Shivaji Meena : How far is this author true to encouraged writing original works in history ? Sanskrit. Is it true ? Teacher : Quite a significant question. Teacher: Quite true. At Shviaji’s behest Along with the date of his birth, Kavindra his Minister Raghunath Hanumante prepared Paramananda has rightly given the date of a work named ‘Rajya vyavahara kosha’ . the slaughter of Afzal Khan which happens This work, possibly written in 1676-77 A.D. to be Saka 1581 i.e. 1659 A.D. The details was intended to substitute Persian and of this event namely ‘Vikram Samvatsar, foreign works in Polity (i.e. Rajanit) by Month of Margashirsha, 7th day in the bright original Sanskrit words. fortnight at noon’ also indicate the author’s precision in this matter. Meena : Sir, this makes Shivaji a pioneer in this field as well. Usha : Sir, would you consider Kavindra to be a historian ? Teacher : Yes, that is true. The astrologer Krishna wrote his Karanakaustubha, and the Teacher : Certainly now. He must have celebrated Gaga Bhatta prepared his been an eye-witness to certain events and Shivarkodaya on Dharmashastra mainly due has described them in detail. His idea in to the encouragement and inspiration given depicting Shivaji as being helped by by this far-sighted ruler. Gaga Bhatta Goddess Tulja Bhavani is essentially Puranic considers ‘Shivarkodaya to be the vertebral and Omission of the historical event of Baji column of the glory of Shivaji’. Prabhu’s heroic Saga cannot be considered as laudatory. It must be admitted that he Usha : This speaks well of Shivaji as a faithfully depicted Shivaji’s proficiency in real patron of learning and culture. war-fare and has been true to the vigilant Teacher : Usha, you have rightly said it. spirit of Shivaji which stood him in good Even today it would be profitable to borrow stead. a leaf from Shivaji’s book. Meena: Sir, is there any other work written Meena : Thank you sir for giving such a by Shivaji’s contemporary ? valuable information. But we have to ask Teacher: Parnalaparvatagrahanakhyana by one more question. Jayaram Pandya is another work which Teacher : Why one only ? Meena, you adequately eulogises Shivaji’s victory over are free to ask a dozen. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 293 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Meena : Sir, you have spoken of ancient Teacher:By all means. It will be sufficient. works on Shivaji. Are there some Sanskrit Meena : Sir, quite sufficient for the present. works of this type composed during the We have learnt so much today. We cannot modern days ? adequately thank you for this great favour. Teacher : A very good question, indeed ! Teacher : Dear Meena, Dear Usha, I have Meena, it is not quite proper to say that done my duty. Have I not taken the Sanskrit works are not written in modern opportunity of paying my humble homage days. Eulogy of illustrious kings has been to Shivaji, the great inspiring ruler of the the theme of many a Sanskrit work, and 17th century ? how can Shivaji be an exception ? Purushottama’s Shivakavyam and the Shivaji Meena-Usha : Good-bye, Sir. charitam by the Bengali poet Kalidas Teacher : Good-bye. Do convey my Vidyavinod are works in the 19th century. respects to your father and mother. Shivarajaviryaam composed in prose by the famous poet Ambikadatta Vyas has turned into six editions. Ambikadatta Vyas was eulogised as Bana of the 19th Century, primarily due to his style full of long compounds. Pandit Shripadashastri Hasurkar of Indore has published Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Charitam. This happens to be the second book in the author’s Bharata-ratna-mala.

Usha : Sir, I am now inspired to ask whether there is any work on Shivaji in Sanskrit written recently?

Teacher : Here also, the answer is in the affirmative. Shivarajyodayam by Dr.S.B.Vernekar from Nagpur, a Mahakavya of 68 Cantos depicts the life of Shivaji up to the event of his coronation in 1674. This work published in 1972 can be said to be the crowning glory of this sphere. It has now been given an award by Sahitya Akademi, and it abounds in passages which have a quality of a quote.

Meena : Will you be kind enough to quote a few lines so that we may commit them to memory ? VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 294 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

ALWAYS ON THE ALERT OR many years Muazzam maintained cordial relations with F Shivaji without the knowledge of his father Aurangazeb. In fact, he went so the same dress, the same gait, and the far as to aid Shivaji’s men against the cruel same mannerisms. I was very pleased, plans of his father. indeed. Bound by an agreement with my father, Sambhaji was to remain under me Thirteen years later Muazzam sat quietly with a regiment of five thousand soldiers. in his luxuriously decorated Shamiana. He Sambhaji was too young then to take had been living in the same tent for several charge, so the regiment was taken care of months now. It was fringed with gorgeous by Niroji Aoji and Pratap Rao Gujar, two of brocades. The muslim curtains inside the most able generals of Shivaji Raja. silently proclaimed their exorbitant costs. Soft satin cushions of every conceivable “Sambhaji left for Rajgarh and I presented colour, delicately embroidered, were strewn him with elephants, horses and costumes over the mattress of imported silk. A at the time of his departure. Pratap Rao ‘hucca’ was kept close. The decanter on Gujar and Niroji Aoji remained at the stool which stood beside the cushions Aurangabad with me. They were so was half empty. Probably, it remained so eloquent in their praises of Shivaji that I for quite some time. The court dancer became his ardent follower. I admit frankly had been waiting in her parlour for hours, that though I loved him and respected him but she received no summons from I was also afraid of him. That is the reason Shahzada. His personal assistant dared why I tried to maintain friendship with him. not disturb him. Shahzada was not living Although my father considered Shivaji as in 1679. He had geared himself back into his enemy, I could not do so. Though I the past. A series of events swiftly moved was aware that even Shivaji was capable before his half-closed eyes. of treacherous acts, I could not help loving him. “I don’t know why, but I always had a longing to see Shivaji Raje. I have heard a “Ah ! to think of those days : I lot of him. His magnificent personality, soft recommended Shivaji’s name to my father but very expressive smile, politeness and a number of times. He deserved to be a modesty in speech and his art of using ‘King’. After my continuous efforts, my right words at right places. All these father bestowed upon him the title of ‘Raja’. qualities together had captivated me. At I did not forget to forward my note with once I decided that I should forge friendship my father’s letter. I don’t know what Shivaji with this man. I did not care what my himself must have thought about it. father thought. But why ? I can very well “Those days are gone. Niroji and Pratap keep it secret. I was told to meet Sambaji. Rao met me often. We talked, laughed He was the exact replies of his father, with and dined together. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 295 SHIVAJI IN STORIES “And then one day I got news that my “But then, these Marathas have been father wanted me to arrest Pratap Rao and playing havoc these days. They have Niroji. I was shocked by the order. We plundered Surat. They assaulted Khandesh were friends and this friendship had grown and Berar. They have taken an enormous during our long stay in the same camp amount of loot of gold, silver and diamonds. together. The order did not stop at that. They have captured our men and taken My father wanted all the five thousand away our horses, elephants, arms and Maratha soldiers to be slaughtered and ammunitions. All these things are rupees one lakh recovered from them as happening before my very eyes. I have ransom. This was foul treachery. I could been taken to task by my father a number not control myself. I invited both Pratap of times for having a soft corner for Shivaji. Rao and Niroji to a secluded spot and I have been rebuked for not defeating the briefed them. The actual message was Marathas even once. He suspects that I expected within the next two or three am in league with Shivaji. No doubt, I had days. So, I told them to de-camp at once. a soft corner for Shivaji once. But, now I am a different Muazzam. Not the one that “When the actual message came from my Shivaji knew thirteen years ago. My father father I had to bluff him. I wrote to him is right. Shivaji has broken all his promises. that the Marathas had vanished a week He had been assisting the Adil Shah against ago. Had I known the message earlier I my father. This can never be tolerated by would have tied both of them and brought me. Now, I have found that I have wronged them to Delhi, and would have slain all the my father. soldiers. My father trusted me, and Shivaji was grateful for my help. “But I can certainly pay him off, and make good for failing my father in the past. I “It sounds funny, but the fact is that I am sure, Shivaji still thinks that I need his could never cope with Diler Khan, the help in case I revolt against my father. general my father sent along with me, but This is a fine opportunity to make use of. found myself agreeing with Mirza Raje. This Let me stage a mock revolt. But, let me Diler Khan was always suspicious. After plan it in consultation with my colleagues, the incident of proposed treachery towards get Shivaji to my own Shamiana and ……….” the Marathas, they have grown more annoyed with my father and have broken A few days later, Muazzam was returning the truce agreement. They have now from a hunting expedition alone. He was renewed their attacks. Within the last four tired. He was very eager to reach his camp. months they have recaptured most of the He was thirsty too. And suddenly, he saw forts which were given up to us under the an old man with a white beard and a turban agreement. Under such circumstances, on his head, slightly bent, approaching him Diler Khan does not listen to me. He avoids with a jar in his hand. He stopped Muazzam me like fire. I was obliged to write about and said, “Khan Saheb, will you please his disobedience to my father. I had no oblige me ?” The old man asked politely. alternative but to attack him. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 296 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Muazzam got down from his horse. He asked the old man, “What is it that you THE BENEDICTION wish to offer me ?”

“Nothing Sir, it’s just a little milk ! I can see that you are very tired and thirsty. This is all that a poor man like me can offer,” said the old man as he held a jar to humiliate Her and pour scorn on her full of milk before Muazzam. Muazzam was devotees ? Was it the very one who had very grateful for this thoughtful gesture. revealed Herself to Shivaji’s grand-father He drank the milk in one gulp but was years before and predicted the birth of a surprised to see a note at the bottom of great son in the line ? the jar. He removed the paper from the The same voice had forecast the triumph jar and read it, “I, Shivaji, present this jar of Shivaji and the end of Afzal Khan at one of milk and if there is anything else I can time and the final collapse of the Moghul do for you, I am at your service.” Empire at another. That such words should Muazzam’s brow was bathed in sweat and come out of Shivaji was impossible. He he looked up. Where was the old peasant must have been possessed by some spirit. that brought the milk ? He had vanished. Of this, the people around were sure. At The meaning of the whole incident did not, such times they looked more closely at their however, escape Muazzam’s notice. chief who seemed to be in a deep trance. Then, gradually, he came out of it and became normal. The difference between the man in trance and the Shivaji that they knew, became quickly apparent to all around him ; more so when he spoke once more in his normal voice. I

The Scene : Pratap Garh Fort.

Occasion : Meeting with Afzal Khan

He pulled himself up, raised his right hand in salute to all of them and repeated, “I HO was it that spoke through am ready to meet Afzal Khan.” Before he Shivaji? Was it Goddess Bhavani, moved forward, he urged his men to have whose temple the Bijapur W faith in him, for he believed he would not commander had once desecrated in order fail in his mission. He would return to them, but if the will of Providence decreed otherwise, they must carry on the work where he had left it. “You, my trusted VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 297 SHIVAJI IN STORIES men, must take over where I have begun If the Khan’s presence in the neighbourhood for you. You know the goal ahead. Pursue had disturbed Shivaji, this luminous dream it and rest not until you achieve our disturbed him even more. But in a different objective. May God help you and may He way, for the disturbance was like help me, too.” excitement after a moment of great danger.

Earlier, Shivaji thought that he would, Shivaji sat up in his bed. He tried to shake perhaps, have to live months before the off his sleep sot that he could remember menace of Afzal Khan disappeared from the the vision he had seen and remember the area. His mind was full of the details he words She had spoken. “Bhavani Devi has had to attend to, before making his final spoken to me,” he said aloud, waking up move. Courageous thoughts of victory the guards who had been sleeping outside alternated in his mind with fears of defeat. his room.” He worked hard during the day. He slept “Sarkar,” they came rushing to him, but little at night. believing he had called them. It was, according to the legend, after one “Nothing,” he said. “It is nothing. You such exhausting day that he retired to his can go to sleep again.” But his men knew bed late at night. Sleep overtook him soon, something had happened and they lingered wiping out the troubles from his mind. Then beside him. Then he told them. “Do you around two o’clock of the early morning a know who came to visit me in my sleep ?”, vision appeared to him, as crystal clear as he said to the guards. it had appeared to his grand-father, Maloji Bhonsle. It was the vision of the same “Bhavani Devi came,” he murmured. In goddess, Bhavani. She stood before him, his eyes there was a faraway look they appearing in the familiar setting of her own had not seen before. temple at Tuljapur. The temple was “Bhavani Devi” ! one of them exclaimed. desecrated but amidst the ruins She stood, “Yes, She alone could come, no one else.” Her eyes peering at him. Then she spoke, at first not so much with the sound of her Shivaji did not speak any more, for his voice as by silent movement of Her lips. guards were hardly the people with who Do not falter, She seemed to say. The, he he could discuss such a holy vision. “Go began to hear the words, “Be calm. Have to sleep,” he told them and with that he confidence in your God who will lead you too lay down to rest. to victory. Your enemy will bite the dust.” The guards left the room. “Sarkar has been With a jerk, drenched with sweat and full dreaming,” One of them made bold to say. of excitement, Shivaji awoke. There was no Bhavani standing before him now, but “This Afzal Khan would give anyone a he was sure she had been there. The sleepless night,” another added. dream was a true one. The hours of the night moved on, Shivaji slept in snatches, for he was anxiously VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 298 SHIVAJI IN STORIES waiting for the morning to come, when he The dream was still vivid in Shivaji’s mind. could share his dream with those who could He could see the goddess as clearly as he better understand its full import and could see his mother before hi. Even interpret its meaning. The guards were clearer, for in the dream the light was men of great loyalty but of little mind powerful, while now, at the moment there was the mist of dawn. He described the By day-break he was up and attending to dream to his mother, how the goddess his morning toilet. Then he sent a looked and all that she said. messenger to where his mother was sleeping, to inquire from her maid-servants if she were awake. “When she has awakened, I want to see her,” he sent word. Not long after, Jija Bai came rushing in, her eyes, still full of sleep. “What is it, what is it?” She asked, believing it was the latest news of Afzal Khan.

“Ai, I was sleeping soundly last night. A vision appeared before me.”

“Bhavani !” Jija Bai immediately uttered.

“Hoi,” Shivaji replied.

Jija Bai knelt down, and, with her hands There was a calm at Pratap Garh that folded, touched the floor. Then she bowed morning and in his heart, earlier ruffled by down and touched the floor with her Afzal Kha, there was peace once again. forehead. “Bhavani Devi !” She said in Not often do mortals experience the awe, as she rose. For the first time she presence of a great spirit near them. Only tried to touch the feet of her son, although on those who have, it has an electrifying normally this is the respect paid to an elder, effect, which a recital of the incident may not to a son. Shivaji protested firmly at not fully convey. There was no need for this gesture from his mother. “You are my more conferences on the attitude to be Devi.” He said, bowing down to salute her adopted towards Afzal Khan. Bhavani had in the usual way. charted his course of action. He was now to do as his own judgment guided him, for “My son,” she said with a broad smile on the words of the goddess must fulfill her face, “but now you are Bhavani’s child themselves, no matter what line of action also. That is blessed a thousand fold. I was to be chosen. Unbelievable as it don’t mind if she claims you as hers. I will seemed to military strategists of the time, gladly take the second place. But tell me this little mountain squirrel was filled with now, how did she come to you ?” a new strength to meet an enemy who seemed a hundred times his size. VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 299 SHIVAJI IN STORIES There was an exchange of messages “I am moving off for Pratap Garh today,” between Shivaji and the Khan. As Afzal he told his mother. Khan came nearer to Javli, he heard from “As you think fit, son,” she replied, and his envoy that Shivaji had proposed that gave the traditional blessing their meeting should take a mother gives to a place with more than two departing son. A tear companions in attendance coursed down to her cheeks. on either side. As the She brushed it aside. meeting was to take place on an open plain, there was When all arrangements had no need for any troops on been made, the humble word either side. was sent to Afzal Khan that Shivaji was ready to receive The Brahmins envoy him. The General could now flattered the Khan more and leave Wei to come to Javli. more as the time for the meeting drew near, and with Near Koyna, where today each round of flattery the stands the great hydro- Khan appeared to be electric project of disarmed of every Maharashtra, Afzal Khan precaution he might have halted for the night. Here, thought of taking. some of the Pathans from the Khan’s forces began to feel unhappy There was another last minute exchange about the move their commander was of messages, for Shivaji learned that the making. They cautioned him but Afzal Khan was accompanied by Sayed Banda, a Khan, preferring to rely on the judgment very accomplished warrior. At Shivaji’s of his Brahmin envoy, dismissed this caution request the Khan agreed that this soldier as unnecessary. Just as Shivaji had not would stand at a distance from the place disclosed his inner-most thoughts to his of the meeting. entourage, so Afzal Khan had kept his real There was a strange thing noticeable in intentions to himself. As he closed his eyes Shivaji that morning for on the eve of the and pondered on the future, the Khan could accrual meeting with the Khan, soon after see Shivaji in chains dancing in the streets he had his bath and had done his puja, he of Bijapur, as he had promised his Dowager appeared to be in a trance. His courtiers Queen he would make him do. But the began to get a little worried. They Pathans continued to be worried about wondered whether some deity had their Khan’s under-estimation of the little possessed him. His eyes looked vacant Maratha. They were not willing to trust and there was a fixed gaze in them. He the “mountain rat.” “You never know how was looking through the people that these rats behave,” they said to one morning and not at them, and he was another. speaking words which could not have been VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 300 SHIVAJI IN STORIES his own. Shivaji spoke with a voice different unpresumptuous ascending the peaks of from his own. Its usual mellowness had Sri Saila. Perhaps, the festivities at disappeared. It was a richer, full-throated Hyderabad had wearied him with their false voice, which they had not heard before. glitter. Once again the age-old yearning It was a voice of command mixed with for a recluse’s life possessed him. Kneeling prophecy, altogether an awe-inspiring in the silence and gloom of the great shrine voice, uttering the doom of Afzal Khan. he broke down. He lamented that he should have to pass his life in palaces and camps, II whereas he was only happy when alone Time : The days before the Coronation and at prayer. For ten days, he remained in the temple fasting and in constant The Scene : The Shrine at Pratapgad prayer. Hanumante grew restive and The coronation ceremonies lasted nearly a anxious. He began pleading, urging him to month. First Shivaji visited the temple of rejoin the army ; the Karnataka lay open the Mother Goddess at Pratapgad. He for his conquest and time was precious. presented the shrine with an umbrella of Shivaji cried bitterly : “But I am happy pure gold, forty-two pounds in weight. here. This is where I belong. If I cannot Then, accompanied by a few followers, he live here, at least let me die here,” and entered the temple and passed many days saying so he drew his sword. Again the absorbed in vigil and prayer. While same look ……….the fixed and hypnotised prostrate in prayer before the altar he fell gaze……..focussed on someone who was into a trance, and from his mouth a faint beyond common comprehension. She had thin voice, which those present declared appeared again, Shivaji was Her chosen must have been that of Mother Goddess instrument. It was not yet time for him to Herself, began to prophecy the future merge ……Urgent Call……..The call of duty history of the Maratha State, the final ……..Even renunciation had to wait. Yes, collapse of the Moghul Empire, the entry he had to abide by Her command. of the Marathas into Delhi, the twenty- Hers was the power that guided and blessed seven generation rule of Shivani’s this monarch from time to time. His skill descendants and finally the voice and mastery of detail, daring courage and concluded, “The scepter shall pass into the fore-sight would appear super-human. He hands of a strange people with red faces.” struck Shaishtakhan a blow, “whose III cleverness of design, neatness of execution and completeness of success created in The Scene : The Temple at Sri Saila. the Moghul court and camp as much terror Occasion : Shivaji’s Pilgrimage of his prowess and belief in his possession of magical powers as his coup against Afzal Now, for the last time we see Shivaji Khan had done among the Bijapuris.” silently slipping away slipping away from “Shivaji’s prestige as an incarnation of his soldiers and crossing the river Krishna Satan (?) against whose entrance no place accompanied only by Hanumante and just VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 301 SHIVAJI IN STORIES was considered to be proof rose very high. LEGENDS AND The whole country talked of his super – human feat with astonishment and terror.” THEIR MEANING

What was the effect of it all on the author of these tricks ? He remained through it all a humble son, a devour pilgrim and a loyal servant of his suffering brethren. The pomp and splendour of his kingly life irked T is said that Lord Krishna freed him and he longed at moments to be back sixteen thousand and one hundred in the solitary silence of the forgotten Imaidens from the clutches of the shrines where he could lose himself. At demon Narakasura. On another occasion such a moment the warrior’s armour, shield Sri Krishna covered the Sun by hurling his and sword slipped off from his shoulders famous Sudarshan Chakra in order to create and he stood before that very Bhavani, the illusion of Sun-set to confuse the Mother Goddess whose true son he Jayadratha, then suddenly removed the was, in the robes of a recluse. He was same and pointing his finger he said to truly Her instrument. All the wars that he Arjuna, “This is the Sun and Jayadratha is fought were truly fought in the spirit here.” What divine intercession to spare expressed by the Gita, Arjuna’s life which would have been otherwise lost due to the most difficult “There lives a Master in the hearts of men, vow he had taken ! Maketh their deeds, by subtle pulling of Hanuman leapt across the mighty ocean in strings search of Sita. He plucked Dronagiri from Dance to what tune He will.” the Himalayas in order to save Lakshmana’s life. In the battle between Lava-Kusha on Since this was the inspiration of his actions one side and Rama on the other, the arrows which were at times chivalrous, noble and shot by the young princes always dropped sublime, and at others blood drenched fiery near the feet of their father and were and cruel, how could a common mind transformed into flowers, which fell in a comprehend him ? Yet, why should we shower over the young heroes. Sita went wonder at the world’s lack of through the ordeal of fire to prove her comprehension ? “The strong alone can purity. Though Sri Rama cut off all the understand strength : it is not the barn- heads of Ravana, yet he remained alive. door fowl but the elephant that In the end, he had to remove the nectar understands the lion.” from Ravana’s heart to destroy him.

These are some of the examples from our epics that speak of a mystic truth woven around the fantastic feats of heroes. The present turns into the historic past and VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 302 SHIVAJI IN STORIES history becomes a legend as years pass It is necessary to focus our attention on by. We find that a number of anecdotes the main aim of a legend or an anecdote, and legends shroud the lives of heroes. and reject its trappings of apparent This creates an aura of mystery, which exaggeration. The story woven around an however in no way detracts from the incident is a mere covering of the truth greatness of such lives. Stories weave that it tries to convey. Take for example, themselves around greet men even during the famous exclamation of Shivaji Maharaj their life time. They are at first recognised when he heard about the death of Tanaji and glorified by their great deeds, then Malusare. “The fort has been captured gradually novel ideas and interpretations but I have lost a lion,” cannot be literally are projected round their great deeds, taken to mean that Tanaji Malusare has which finally turn them into legends. This suddenly been metamorphosed into a lion. is the order in which a legend or an Similarly, when Shivaji Maharaj became anecdote takes shape. over-conscious of his might while the work on a fort was in progress, Ramdas Swami It is an indisputable fact that the greatness appeared before him and took out a living of a man remains wedded to his name. The frog trapped in the cavity of a stone, to flames that kindle the fire of sublimity in humble him. This saved him from developing them are projected through myths and an ego that he was all powerful and that legends. Yet, through all the rich tapestry he was the supporter of many people. This of legendary detail the basic fabric itself is pride would have been a flaw in an clearly seen by the discerning eye. It is otherwise noble character. neither hidden nor dimmed by the intricacy of design or delicacy of execution. It is a well-known legend that Shivaji felt the presence and assurance of Mother The noble behaviour of Shivaji Maharaj Bhavani whenever he was on the brink of depicted in the anecdote of the daughter- peril. Her assurance at such times was in-law of the Subedar of Kalyan only uttered through Shivaji’s mouth. Those indicates his chivalrous attitude towards examples only denote his exceptionally women. Even if there are people who excellent qualities. Of course, the legend declare it to be a mere tale, they cannot serves the purpose of an ornament in which overlook the nobility of Shivaji Maharaj that the gem of truth serves the purpose of a it projects. Legends and anecdotes always locket. The locket alone indicates the truth try to project the great deeds of heroes but only when it is placed in the setting of who seem to be perpetually balancing on a perfect ornament does its brilliance shine. the razor’s edge of perfection. Even their apparently insignificant actions gather a This then is how one could explain why halo of glory and these verily are the warp Lord Krishna had liberated sixteen thousand and woof of a legend. How could we reject and odd maidens. Here the main aim lay in a fact as a mere legend just because we their freedom from slavery. In fact, he set are unable to establish its historic truth ? the first example of Shuddhi by accepting all of them into the Yada Dynasty. This VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 303 SHIVAJI IN STORIES point of view seems to be more realistic. became barren as soon as he left the In the legend of Jayadratha’s death, it will prison. This paints a pretty picture of be more appropriate to assume that Sri Lokmanya and his noble intentions. Krishna used his super human powers to Therefore, in the reading of such lives our confuse Jayadratha and thus protect efforts should be directed to separate the Arjuna, his devotee. grain from the chaff and this should be The real meaning of Hanuman’s crossing done with a penetrating mind and a feeling the ocean should be attributed to his heart. Only then will we be able to grasp untiring efforts in the pursuit of his goal. the real importance of such sublime lives. In the same way, his fetching mount One more point that needs to be stressed Dronagiri should be interpreted as an here is that legends and anecdotes depict illustration of the super-human possibilities the various aspects of great souls only. that a devotee is capable of. Hanuman’s They do not pertain to ordinary people. fame rests not merely in his deeds of valour. These lives afford the maximum scope for The halo of mysticism around this figure of idealistic and mystic tales to be woven Hanuman indicates his eagerness to fulfill around them. It is therefore very essential all his tasks with exemplary courage and that dry analysis based on reasoning swiftness. cannot get at the real meaning of the In the legend of the arrows transformed legends. into flowers the sheer poetry of human love Instead, it is essential, nay most imperative is brought out to perfection by the pen of to draw the correct meaning from them, the poet. That Sita’s fiery ordeal is not a through very wide perspective, with an legend is proved even today by the fire open mind and an idealistic approach. Then walkers where the one pre-requisite is only will we able to derive the real meaning absolute continence or chastity. Even fire of anecdotes and legends. then refuses to burn.

Even in the recent past, we come across the “electric touch” experienced by Swami Vivekananda when Ramakrishna kept his hand on his head. We are given to understand that Swamiji had experienced the same feeling a number of times. Certainly, he was a person blessed by the Lord. We may take it, that the incidents in Swamiji’s life indicate his extraordinary personality. There is an anecdote about the prison life of Lokmanya Tilak. It is said that all the trees around his prison blossomed all through his stay there, but VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 304 SHIVAJI IN STORIES SHIVAJI’S LAST THE TWILIGHT HOUR ILLNESS AND DEATH, SATYA 3RD APRIL, 1680

hortly after the marriage of he twilight of the empire builder Rajaram, Shivaji fell ill. About Crept into the palace, Sthe nature of Shivaji’s illness T Sabhasad states only that “after a few With mourning feet And filled it days the king fell ill with fever”. The 91 With an eerie silence. Kalmi Bakhar mentions the nature of the fever as Navajwar which could be typhoid. Decked in holy beads and ochre-robes

As Shivaji saw his end drawing near, he Upon the hard bed of renunciation called his Councilors near him. Sabhasad Lay the grand rebel, who might have been present on the occasion mentions Nilopant Prahlad Niroji, His restless soul at rest, Gangadhar Janardhan, Abaji, Hiroji, Suryaji Malusare and others. In his narration Sabhasad has shown that Shivaji spoke of Submissive in peaceful acquiescence the coming events, predicted Sambhaji’s To the dictates of the Mightiest Emperor. erective behaviour, the invasion of the Moghuls, the near destruction of the Basil leaves cooled his feverish limbs, Maratha State and its revival by Rajaram. Mother Ganges caressed his brow, He also speaks of the last utterances of Shivaji : The ears in which for years echoed

“Do not grieve. This is a world where death The thunder of drums and the battle cry is inevitable. All who are born in this world have to depart. You should now compose ‘Har Har Maha Deo’ your mind. You may now withdraw. I will Now faintly heard the soft humming now meditate.” Of Vedic chants and the Holy Name. Having sent the people out the king had his bath with Ganges water, applied sacred ash to his body, put on the Rudraksha, Softly the sounds faded, and through Yoga breathed his last. It was on Chaitra Shudha Purnima, Saturday The mind that relentlessly designed rd (3 April 1680). A hundred campaigns now sunk VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 305 SHIVAJI IN STORIES Into the rest of oblivion. Scorched by the April sun’s fury

The brilliant light died out of those eyes Proclaimed in mournful solemnity

That flashed sparks of fury The widowhood of a Nation.

And spelt rebellion Upon the pyre lay the Maratha King

At the very word ‘Alien’. With his head towards the north reclining ;

The tongue that charmed, The head that bowed to none

Convinced and beguiled Now lay in gentle submission

Enemies into traps At the feet of the Great King of Kings

And princes into coups, Who reigns supreme, in yonder Himalayas.

Now silently rested Stars peeped out of the darkening sky,

Over the single emerald To take a last glimpse at the passing hero,

In the mouth that uttered And tiny flames gathered together

The first freedom call. Like the little states he combined

The face that inspired Into a mighty flame

Brave men to braver deeds That tinted the night sky,

Now was shrouded, A glowing orange plume

And through a peep-hole, Spreading over the horizon

A few drops of holy water Like the ochre flag that fluttered

Tried feebly to wet Over his beloved nation.

The parched, uncaring lips. In Delhi rose the Moghul Emperor

Upon a simple bier And spelt an enemy’s tribute

Sped the rugged soldier To a mighty warrior –

On his last campaign “The great captain is no more”.

To report and serve

The Conqueror of the World

Beyond the Nothingness.

Naked trees and dry grass VIVEKANANDA KENDRA PATRIKA 306 SHIVAJI IN STORIES

WHO SHALL UN-KING THEE?

SAROJINI NAIDU

Wear thou thy majesty inviolate. For kingly raiment, soft as cygnet down.

Earth’s glories free of human O, King ! thy kingdom who from eyes un-seen, thee can wrest ?

Earth’s kingdoms fade to a What fate shall dare un-crown thee ? remembered dream, Oh ! God born-lover whom (Man’s) But thine henceforth shall be love doth gird a power supreme, An armour with impregnable delight Dazzling command and rich dominion, Of Hope’s triumphant keen The winds thy heralds and thy vassals all flame-carven sword ?

The silver-belted planets and the sun.

Wherever the radiance of thy coming fall

Shall dawn for thee her saffron foot-cloth spread,

Sun-set her purple canopies and red,

In serried splendour, and the night unfold

Her velvet darkness wrought with starry gold