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Consociational theory

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Lijphart, Arend. "Consociational Democracy." World Politics 21(1969): 207- 225. Lijphart, Arend. The Politics of Accommodation: Pluralism and Democracy in the Netherlands. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975. Lijphart, Arend. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1977. Lijphart, Arend. "Consociational Theory: Problems and Prospects." Comparative Politics 13: (1981): 355-359. Lijphart, Arend. Democracies: Patterns of Majoritarian and Consensus Government in twenty-one Countries. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. Lijphart, Arend. "Time Politics of Accommodation: Reflections-Fifteen Years Later." Acta Politica 19 (1984): 9-18. Lijphart, Arend. Power-Sharing in South Africa. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1985. Lijphart, Arend. "Democratic Political Systems: Types, Cases, Causes and Consequences." Journal of Theoretical Politics 1 (1989): 33-48. Lijphart, Arend. "The Power-Sharing Approach." In Conflict and Peacemaking in Multiethnic Societies edited by Joseph V. Montville, 491-509. Lexington: Lexington Books, 1991. Lijphart, Arend. "Multiethnic Democracy." In The Encyclopedia of Democracy 3 edited by Seymour Martin Lipset, 853-865. London: Routledge, 1995. Lijphart, Arend. "The Puzzle of Indian Democracy: A Consociational Interpretation." American Political Science Review 90 (1996): 258-268. Lijphart Arend. Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in thirty-six Countries. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. Lijphart, Arend. "Definitions, Evidence, and Policy: A response to Matthijs Bogaards' Critique." Journal of Theoretical Politics 12 (2000): 425-431. Lijphart, Arend. "The Evolution of Consociational Theory and Consociational PractIces, 1965-2000." Acta Politica 37 (2002): 11-22. Lijphart, Arend. "The Wave of Power-Sharing Democracy." In The Architecture of Democracy: Constitutional Design, Conflict Management and Democracy, edited by Andrew Reynolds, 37-54. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. Lijphart, Arend. "Constitutional Design for Divided Societies." Journal of Democracy 15 (2004): 96-109. 458 Bibliography

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Democracy and democratic transition

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Latin America, and the Middle East edited by Howard Handelman, and Mark Tessler, 290-321. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame, 1999. Huntington, Samuel. "Reform and Stability in a Modernizing, Multi-ethnic Society ." Politikon 8 (1981): 8-26. Huntington, Samuel. "Democracy's Third Wave." Journal of Democracy 2 (1991): 12-34. Huntington, Samuel. "Democracy for the Long Haul." Journal of Democracy 7 (1996): 3-13. Karl, Terry L. "Dilemmas of Democratization in Latin America." Comparative Politics 23 (1990): 1-21. Karl, Terry L. "The Hybrid Regimes of Central America." Journal of Democracy 6 (July 1995): 72-86. Kitschelt, Herbert et al. Post-Communist Party Systems: Competition, Representation, and Inter-Party Cooperation. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Levitsky, Steven, and Lucan A. Way. "The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism." Journal of Democracy 13 (2002): 51-65. Linz, Juan J., and Alfred C. Stepan. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America, and Post-communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Linz, Juan J. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000. Lipset, Seymour M. "Some Social Requisites of Democracy, Economic Development and Political Legitimacy." American Political Science Review 53 (1959); 69-105. Lipset, Seymour M. Political Man: The Social Basis of Politics. New York: Doubleday, 1960. Mainwaring, Scott."Transitions to Democracy and Democratic Consolidation: Theoretical and Comparative Issues." In Issues in Democratic Consolidation: The New South American Democracies in Comparative Perspective edited by Scott Mainwaring, J. Samuel Valenzuela, and Guillermo O'Donnell, 294- 341. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press, 1992. Manning, Carrie. "Conflict management and Elite Habituation in Postwar Democracy: The Case of Mozambique." Comparative Politics 35 (2002): 63-84. Bibliography 461

Merkel, Wolfgang, and Aurel Croissant. "Formal Institutions and Informal Rules of Defective Democracies." Central European Political Science Review 2 (2000): 31-47. Munck, Gerardo L. "Democratic Transitions in Comparative Perspective: Review Article." Comparative Politics 26 (1994): 355-375. Munck, Gerardo L. "The Regime Question, Theory Building in Democracy Studies." World Politics 54 (2001): 119-144. O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Philippe C. Schmitter. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions About Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986. O'Donnell, Guillermo. "Delegative Democracies." The Journal of Democracy 5 (1994): 55-70. O'Donnell, Guillermo. "Illusions about Consolidation." Journal of Democracy 1 (1996): 34-51. Ottoway, Marina. Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2003. Przeworski, Adam. "Some Problems in the Study of Transition to Democracy." In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives edited by Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, and Laurence Whitehead, 47-63. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1986. Przeworski, Adam et al. "What Makes Democracies Endure?" Journal of Democracy 7 (1996): 39-55. Raiffa, Howard. "Post Settlement Settlements." Negotiation Journal 1 (1985): 9-12. Rustow, Dankwart A. "Transitions to Democracy." Comparative Politics 2 (1970): 337-365. Sartori, Giovanni. Parties and Party Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976. Sartori, Giovanni. Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes. New York: New York University Press, 1994. Schedler, Andreas. "What is Democratic Consolidation?" Journal of Democracy 9 (1998): 91-107. Schedler, Andreas. "Elections without Democracy: The Menu of Manipulation." Journal of Democracy 13 (2002): 36-50. 462 Bibliography

Schmitter, Philippe C., and Terry L. Karl. "What Democracy is… and is not." Journal of Democracy 2 (1991): 75-88. Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper &Row, 1942. Stepan, Alfred C. "Paths Towards Redemocratization: Theoretical and Comparative Considerations." In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives by Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter and Laurence Whitehead, 64-84. Baltimore: John Hopkins University, 1986. Zakaria, Fareed. "The Rise of Illiberal Democracy." Foreign Affairs 26 (1997): 22-43.

Pre- and post-war Lebanon

Abou Chedid, Kamal, Ramzi Nasser, and Jeremy Van Blommestein. "The Limitations of Inter-Group Learning in Confessional School Systems: The Case of Lebanon." Arab Studies Quarterly 24 (2002): 61-82. Ajami, Fouad. "The Autumn of the Autocrats." Foreign Affairs 84 (2005): 20-35. Al-Khatib, Hassan. The General Factors for the Collapse of Democracy in Lebanon. London: Hassan Al-Khatib,1994. Alagha, Joseph. "Hizballah after the Syrian Withdrawal." Middle East Report 237 (Winter 2005): 34-39. Ashour, Sanaa. Ethnic Politics and Policymaking in Lebanon and Malaysia. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 2004. Asmar, Christine, Marwan Kisirwani, and Robert Springborg. "Clash of Politics or Civilizations? Sectarianism among Youth in Lebanon." Arab Studies Quarterly 21 (1999): 35- 61. Atallah, Daad Abou Malhab. "Le traité libano-syrien: acte de coopération ou d'intégration?" Cahiers de La Méditerrranée 44 (June 1992): 175-195. Baaklini, Abdo, Guilain Denoeux, and Robert Springborg. "Lebanon." In Legislative Politics in the Arab World: The Resurgence of Democratic Institutions, 79-109. Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1999. Badredine, Arfi. International Change and the Stability of Multiethnic Societies: Yugoslavia, Lebanon, and Crises of Governance. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005. Bibliography 463

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