Balancing Act: Taiwan's Cross-Strait Challenge
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The Chinese Civil War (1927–37 and 1946–49)
13 CIVIL WAR CASE STUDY 2: THE CHINESE CIVIL WAR (1927–37 AND 1946–49) As you read this chapter you need to focus on the following essay questions: • Analyze the causes of the Chinese Civil War. • To what extent was the communist victory in China due to the use of guerrilla warfare? • In what ways was the Chinese Civil War a revolutionary war? For the first half of the 20th century, China faced political chaos. Following a revolution in 1911, which overthrew the Manchu dynasty, the new Republic failed to take hold and China continued to be exploited by foreign powers, lacking any strong central government. The Chinese Civil War was an attempt by two ideologically opposed forces – the nationalists and the communists – to see who would ultimately be able to restore order and regain central control over China. The struggle between these two forces, which officially started in 1927, was interrupted by the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese war in 1937, but started again in 1946 once the war with Japan was over. The results of this war were to have a major effect not just on China itself, but also on the international stage. Mao Zedong, the communist Timeline of events – 1911–27 victor of the Chinese Civil War. 1911 Double Tenth Revolution and establishment of the Chinese Republic 1912 Dr Sun Yixian becomes Provisional President of the Republic. Guomindang (GMD) formed and wins majority in parliament. Sun resigns and Yuan Shikai declared provisional president 1915 Japan’s Twenty-One Demands. Yuan attempts to become Emperor 1916 Yuan dies/warlord era begins 1917 Sun attempts to set up republic in Guangzhou. -
Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School March 2019 Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927 Ryan C. Ferro University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Scholar Commons Citation Ferro, Ryan C., "Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist Guomindang Split of 1927" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7785 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Nationalism and the Communists: Re-Evaluating the Communist-Guomindang Split of 1927 by Ryan C. Ferro A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Department of History College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Co-MaJor Professor: Golfo Alexopoulos, Ph.D. Co-MaJor Professor: Kees Boterbloem, Ph.D. Iwa Nawrocki, Ph.D. Date of Approval: March 8, 2019 Keywords: United Front, Modern China, Revolution, Mao, Jiang Copyright © 2019, Ryan C. Ferro i Table of Contents Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………….…...ii Chapter One: Introduction…..…………...………………………………………………...……...1 1920s China-Historiographical Overview………………………………………...………5 China’s Long -
The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History
DOI: 10.4312/as.2021.9.1.31-64 31 The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History Sabrina ARDIZZONI* Abstract Hakka studies rely strongly on history and historiography. However, despite the fact that in rural Hakka communities women play a central role, in the main historical sources women are almost absent. They do not appear in genealogy books, if not for their being mothers or wives, although they do appear in some legends, as founders of villages or heroines who distinguished themselves in defending the villages in the absence of men. They appear in modern Hakka historiography—Hakka historiography is a very recent discipline, beginning at the end of the 19th century—for their moral value, not only for adhering to Confucian traditional values, but also for their endorsement of specifically Hakka cultural values. In this paper we will analyse the cultural paradigm that allows women to become part of Hakka history. We will show how ethical values are reflected in Hakka historiography through the reading of the earliest Hakka historians as they depict- ed Hakka women. Grounded on these sources, we will see how the narration of women in Hakka history has developed until the present day. In doing so, it is necessary to deal with some relevant historical features in the construc- tion of Hakka group awareness, namely migration, education, and women narratives, as a pivotal foundation of Hakka collective social and individual consciousness. Keywords: Hakka studies, Hakka woman, women practices, West Fujian Paradigma žensk Hakka v zgodovini Izvleček Študije skupnosti Hakka se močno opirajo na zgodovino in zgodovinopisje. -
Cycling Taiwan – Great Rides in the Bicycle Kingdom
Great Rides in the Bicycle Kingdom Cycling Taiwan Peak-to-coast tours in Taiwan’s top scenic areas Island-wide bicycle excursions Routes for all types of cyclists Family-friendly cycling fun Tourism Bureau, M.O.T.C. Words from the Director-General Taiwan has vigorously promoted bicycle tourism in recent years. Its efforts include the creation of an extensive network of bicycle routes that has raised Taiwan’s profile on the international tourism map and earned the island a spot among the well-known travel magazine, Lonely Planet’s, best places to visit in 2012. With scenic beauty and tasty cuisine along the way, these routes are attracting growing ranks of cyclists from around the world. This guide introduces 26 bikeways in 12 national scenic areas in Taiwan, including 25 family-friendly routes and, in Alishan, one competition-level route. Cyclists can experience the fascinating geology of the Jinshan Hot Spring area on the North Coast along the Fengzhimen and Jinshan-Wanli bikeways, or follow a former rail line through the Old Caoling Tunnel along the Longmen-Yanliao and Old Caoling bikeways. Riders on the Yuetan and Xiangshan bikeways can enjoy the scenic beauty of Sun Moon Lake, while the natural and cultural charms of the Tri-Mountain area await along the Emei Lake Bike Path and Ershui Bikeway. This guide also introduces the Wushantou Hatta and Baihe bikeways in the Siraya National Scenic Area, the Aogu Wetlands and Beimen bikeways on the Southwest Coast, and the Round-the-Bay Bikeway at Dapeng Bay. Indigenous culture is among the attractions along the Anpo Tourist Cycle Path in Maolin and the Shimen-Changbin Bikeway, Sanxiantai Bike Route, and Taiyuan Valley Bikeway on the East Coast. -
The History and Politics of Taiwan's February 28
The History and Politics of Taiwan’s February 28 Incident, 1947- 2008 by Yen-Kuang Kuo BA, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taiwan, 1991 BA, University of Victoria, 2007 MA, University of Victoria, 2009 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History © Yen-Kuang Kuo, 2020 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee The History and Politics of Taiwan’s February 28 Incident, 1947- 2008 by Yen-Kuang Kuo BA, National Taiwan Univeristy, Taiwan, 1991 BA, University of Victoria, 2007 MA, University of Victoria, 2009 Supervisory Committee Dr. Zhongping Chen, Supervisor Department of History Dr. Gregory Blue, Departmental Member Department of History Dr. John Price, Departmental Member Department of History Dr. Andrew Marton, Outside Member Department of Pacific and Asian Studies iii Abstract Taiwan’s February 28 Incident happened in 1947 as a set of popular protests against the postwar policies of the Nationalist Party, and it then sparked militant actions and political struggles of Taiwanese but ended with military suppression and political persecution by the Nanjing government. The Nationalist Party first defined the Incident as a rebellion by pro-Japanese forces and communist saboteurs. As the enemy of the Nationalist Party in China’s Civil War (1946-1949), the Chinese Communist Party initially interpreted the Incident as a Taiwanese fight for political autonomy in the party’s wartime propaganda, and then reinterpreted the event as an anti-Nationalist uprising under its own leadership. -
Understanding the Nuances of Waishengren History and Agency
China Perspectives 2010/3 | 2010 Taiwan: The Consolidation of a Democratic and Distinct Society Understanding the Nuances of Waishengren History and Agency Dominic Meng-Hsuan et Mau-Kuei Chang Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5310 DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5310 ISSN : 1996-4617 Éditeur Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Édition imprimée Date de publication : 15 septembre 2010 ISSN : 2070-3449 Référence électronique Dominic Meng-Hsuan et Mau-Kuei Chang, « Understanding the Nuances of Waishengren », China Perspectives [En ligne], 2010/3 | 2010, mis en ligne le 01 septembre 2013, consulté le 28 octobre 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5310 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.5310 © All rights reserved Special Feature s e v Understanding the Nuances i a t c n i e of Waishengren h p s c r History and Agency e p DOMINIC MENG-HSUAN YANG AND MAU-KUEI CHANG In the late 1940s and early 50s, the world witnessed a massive wave of political migrants out of Mainland China as a result of the Chinese civil war. Those who sought refuge in Taiwan with the KMT came to be known as the “mainlanders” or “ waishengren .” This paper will provide an overview of the research on waishengren in the past few decades, outlining various approaches and highlighting specific political and social context that gave rise to these approaches. Finally, it will propose a new research agenda based on a perspective of migration studies and historical/sociological analysis. The new approach argues for the importance of both history and agency in the study of waishengren in Taiwan. -
Revision of the Taiwanese Millipede Genus Chamberlinius Wang, 1956
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 98: 1–27 (2011) Revision of Chamberlinius 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.98.1183 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.zookeys.org Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Revision of the Taiwanese millipede genus Chamberlinius Wang, 1956, with descriptions of two new species and a reclassification of the tribe Chamberlinini (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Paradoxosomatinae) Chao-Chun Chen1,†, Sergei I. Golovatch2,‡, Hsueh-Wen Chang1,§, Shyh-Hwang Chen3,| 1 Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, 70 Lien-Hai Rd., Kaohsiung, Taiwan 804, ROC 2 Institute for Problems of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia 3 Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Tingchou Road, Sect. 4, Taipei, Taiwan 116, ROC † urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6C30BB40-2A48-4AC1-859C-3036FBC23019 ‡ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:71532F45-BDD5-415D-BC54-86256E5D5D4A § urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:B0F05141-340F-4B6C-8F43-6F64DAB5EBC2 | urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:E7EDAFE6-D492-4098-84F2-8F0CF779C766 Corresponding author: Hsueh-Wen Chang ([email protected]) Academic editor: Robert Mesibov | Received 28 February 2011 | Accepted 29 March 2011 | Published 12 May 2011 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5D58CFE9-D0FD-4F60-9F18-2DC800E165D1 Citation: Chen CC, Golovatch SI, Chang HW, Chen SH (2011) Revision of the Taiwanese millipede genus Chamberlinius Wang, 1956, with descriptions of two new species and a reclassification of the tribe Chamberlinini (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae, Paradoxosomatinae). ZooKeys 98: 1–27. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.98.1183 Abstract The millipede genus Chamberlinius is basically confined to Taiwan, with only one of the four known species presumably introduced to southern Japan. -
List of Insured Financial Institutions (PDF)
401 INSURED FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 2021/5/31 39 Insured Domestic Banks 5 Sanchong City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 62 Hengshan District Farmers' Association of Hsinchu County 1 Bank of Taiwan 13 BNP Paribas 6 Banciao City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 63 Sinfong Township Farmers' Association of Hsinchu County 2 Land Bank of Taiwan 14 Standard Chartered Bank 7 Danshuei Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 64 Miaoli City Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 3 Taiwan Cooperative Bank 15 Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation 8 Shulin City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 65 Jhunan Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 4 First Commercial Bank 16 Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank 9 Yingge Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 66 Tongsiao Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 5 Hua Nan Commercial Bank 17 UBS AG 10 Sansia Township Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 67 Yuanli Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 6 Chang Hwa Commercial Bank 18 ING BANK, N. V. 11 Sinjhuang City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 68 Houlong Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 7 Citibank Taiwan 19 Australia and New Zealand Bank 12 Sijhih City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 69 Jhuolan Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 8 The Shanghai Commercial & Savings Bank 20 Wells Fargo Bank 13 Tucheng City Farmers' Association of New Taipei City 70 Sihu Township Farmers' Association of Miaoli County 9 Taipei Fubon Commercial Bank 21 MUFG Bank 14 -
Taiwan Language-In-Education Policy: Social, Cultural, and Practical Implications
Arizona Working Papers in SLA & Teaching, 20, 76- 95 (2013) TAIWAN LANGUAGE-IN-EDUCATION POLICY: SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Elizabeth Hubbs University of Arizona In recent years, Taiwan language-in-education policy has greatly transformed and become the subject of much research (Oladejo, 2006; Sandel, 2003; Tsao, 1999). Previously, monolingual policies under Japan and the Kuomintang1 demonstrated that language was a symbolic tool to build nationalism and create social hegemony (Bourdieu, 1991). After these policies faded out in the early 1990s, Taiwan began to incorporate multilingual education, promoting internationalization through English as a foreign language and Taiwanisation through the introduction of local and indigenous languages in schools (Beaser, 2006; Sandel, 2003). The paper examines the launching of these two movements in education by discussing their development through history, current policy implementation, and the linguistic orientations of the surrounding communities. Rather than draw conclusions, the study ends by asking how indigenous scholarship and knowledge can be further integrated and validated in Taiwan’s education system, and how critical perspectives can be used to understand language policy and indigenous education in an increasingly globalized world. INTRODUCTION The field of language planning and policy (LPP) in Taiwan has received significant attention over the past twenty-five years (Sandel, 2003). During this time frame, Taiwan has shifted from a country that promoted a monolingual national language policy, to one that seeks to develop societal multilingualism and internationalization. This shift has sparked an increasing interest for researchers to document and characterize the changes, development, and implementation of current LPP in Taiwan (Sandel, 2003; Wu, 2011). -
An Island of the Floating World: Kinship, Rituals, and Political-Economic Change in Post-Cold War Jinmen
The London School of Economics and Political Science An Island of the Floating World: Kinship, Rituals, and Political-economic Change in Post-Cold War Jinmen Hsiao-Chiao Chiu A thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology of the London School of Economics and Political Science for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy London, January 2017 1 of 276 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 96,178 words. I can confirm that my thesis was copy edited for conventions of language, spelling and grammar by Mr. James Johnston. 2 of 276 Abstract During the Cold War era, the island of Jinmen was the frontline of the Republic of China in its military standoff with the People’s Republic of China. From 1949 to 1992, the life of the islanders was profoundly disturbed and altered by wars and militarization generated by the bipolar politics. -
Relationships Between Floods and Social Fragmentation: a Case Study of Chiayi, Taiwan
Relationships between floods and social fragmentation: A case study of Chiayi, Taiwan • Yung-Jaan Lee • Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research, Taiwan • Li-Pei Peng* • Ting-Jay Lee • National Taiwan University, Taiwan *Corresponding author Abstract Resumen Lee, Y.-J. Peng, L.-P., & Lee, T.-J. (March-April, 2017). Lee, Y.-J. Peng, L.-P., & Lee, T.-J. (marzo-abril, 2017). Las Relationships between floods and social fragmentation: A relaciones entre las inundaciones y la fragmentación social: un case study of Chiayi, Taiwan. Water Technology and Sciences estudio de caso de Chiayi, Taiwán. Tecnología y Ciencias del (in Spanish), 8(2), 5-18. Agua, 8(2), 5-18. The social vulnerability approach has been recognized El enfoque de la vulnerabilidad social ha sido reconocido como una de las as one of the most important tools for exploring contexts herramientas más importantes para explorar contextos y estrategias and coping strategies in relation to contemporary disasters. de afrontamiento en relación con los desastres contemporáneos. Sin However, social vulnerability is such a multi-faceted and embargo, la vulnerabilidad social es un constructo tan multifacético complex construct that scholars from different fields have not y complejo que estudiosos de diversas disciplinas no han llegado a un consenso sobre la mejor manera de medirlo y continúa el debate reached consensus on how best to measure it, and discussions 5 on this issue continue. Some scholars consider that this sobre dicha cuestión. Algunos estudiosos consideran que este enfoque puede manifestar el papel de la intervención humana. Sin approach can manifest the role of human agency. However, embargo, dada la falta de observaciones históricas, interpretar las given a lack of historical observations, interpreting the causes causas de los desastres a través de perspectivas basadas en eventos of disasters through event-based perspectives cannot easily no puede reflejar el mecanismo institucional detrás de tales eventos. -
The Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity
Forthcoming in the Journal of Chinese Overseas Understanding Intraethnic Diversity: The Formation of a Taiwanese American Identity Bing Wang and Min Zhou University of California, Los Angeles Bing Wang received his M.A. in Asian American Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles. He is currently teaching English in Taiwan. Email: [email protected] Min Zhou, Ph.D., is Professor of Sociology and Asian American Studies, Walter and Shirley Wang Endowed Chair in US-China Relations and Communications, and Director of Asia Pacific Center at the University of California, Los Angeles. Direct all correspondence to: [email protected] Acknowledgments The authors thank Valerie Matsumoto and Jinqi Ling for their helpful comments in the earlier version of the paper. This research is partially supported by the Walter and Shirley Wang Endowed Chair in US-China Relations and Communications. Abstract: This paper fills a scholarly gap in the understanding of the intraethnic diversity via a case study of the formation of a Taiwanese American identity. Drawing on a review of the existing scholarly literature and data from systematic field observations, as well as secondary data including content analysis of ethnic organizations’ mission statements and activity reports, we explore how internal and external processes intersect to drive the construction of a distinct Taiwanese American identity. The study focuses on addressing three interrelated questions: (1) How does Taiwanese immigration to the United States affect diasporic development? (2) What contributes to the formation of a Taiwanese American identity? (3) In what specific ways is the Taiwanese American identity sustained and promoted? We conceive of ethnic formation as an ethnopolitical process.