Program and Abstracts

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Program and Abstracts PROGRAM AND ABSTRACTS SYMPOSIUM ON UNIVERSITY RESEARCH AND CREATIVE EXPRESSION 15TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY ELLENSBURG, WASHINGTON MAY 20, 2010 STUDENT UNION AND RECREATION CENTER SPONSORED BY: Office of the President Office of the Provost Office of Graduate Studies and Research Office of Undergraduate Studies The Central Washington University Foundation College of Arts and Humanities College of Business College of Education and Professional Studies College of the Sciences James E. Brooks Library Student Affairs and Enrollment Management Len Thayer Small Grants Programs The Wildcat Shop CWU Dining Services The Copy Cat Shop The Educational Technology Center A SPECIAL THANKS TO OUR COMMUNITY SPONSORS: Kelley and Wayne Quirk – Major Supporter Deborah and Roger Fouts – Program Supporter Kirk and Cheri Johnson – Program Supporter Anthony Sowards – Program Supporter Associated Earth Sciences – Morning Reception Sponsor GeoEngineers – Morning Poster Session Sponsor Valley Vision Associates – Program Supporter SOURCE is partially funded by student activities fees. 1 CONTENTS History and Goals of the Symposium ................................................................................4 Student Fashion Show ......................................................................................................4 Student Art Show ...............................................................................................................5 Big Brass Blowout .............................................................................................................5 Program Cover Design ......................................................................................................5 Program Photography .......................................................................................................5 Welcome from the Provost ................................................................................................6 Keynote Address ...............................................................................................................7 Program at a Glance .........................................................................................................8 Maps of Student Union and Recreation Center (SURC) ...................................................9 Student Art Show Flyer .................................................................................................... 11 Map to Sarah Spurgeon Gallery and Music Building .......................................................12 Oral Presentations Schedule ...........................................................................................13 Poster Presentations Schedule .......................................................................................26 Creative Activity Schedule ...............................................................................................37 Abstracts (in alphabetical order by first author) ...............................................................39 2009 Student Presentation Awards ...............................................................................147 Acknowledgments .........................................................................................................160 SOURCE 2010 Judges and Session Chairs .................................................................161 3 HISTORY AND GOALS OF THE SYMPOSIUM This year SOURCE celebrates the 15th year of annual multidisciplinary conferences dedicated to student scholarship at Central Washington University. In 1996, CWU sponsored the first Undergraduate Research Symposium, a showcase of faculty-mentored undergraduate student research. This event was an innovative forum for developing student scholarship that gained attention far beyond CWU. Since 1996, the undergraduate symposium expanded to include other student scholarly activity, and the broader scope was reflected in a new name in 1998, the Symposium on Undergraduate Research and Creative Expression, commonly referred to as SOURCE. Building on the success of SOURCE, a new conference was initiated in 2002 to provide a forum for graduate students and faculty to share their scholarly work with the campus community. Originally named the First Conference of Faculty and Graduate Students Research and Scholarly Achievements, the new conference was renamed the Conference of Graduate Student and Faculty Scholarship and referred to as GSFS. In 2005, the conferences combined to initiate the Symposium on University Research and Creative Expression, which aims to include an even wider community than either of those two previous events. The intent was to provide a forum to celebrate and share scholarship at CWU with all of the university, as well as the outside community. This is the 5th year of the Symposium on University Research and Creative Expression, which encourages students, faculty, and staff from all departments and units to participate. Contributions are collaborative or solo works involving any CWU student, faculty, or staff member. All forms of presentation of scholarly work are welcome, including oral presentations, posters, artwork, performances, and others. Participation in the CWU conferences on scholarship has been growing. In 1996, the original Undergraduate Research Symposium had 23 presentations. This year, 304 presentations by 462 individuals: 320 undergraduate students, 92 graduate students, and 50 faculty/staff are scheduled, including approximately 148 oral presentations, 15 creative expression presentations, 141 poster presentations including 11 at satellite campuses, approximately 50 art displays, and a fashion show. Thirty-eight academic units are participating in this year’s symposium: Anthropology and Museum Studies; Asia/Pacific Studies; Art; Biological Sciences; Chemistry; Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute; Communication; Computer Science; Douglas Honors College; Economics; Education; English; Environmental Studies; Family and Consumer Sciences; Film and Video Studies; Finance and Operations and Supply Chain Management; Geography; Geological Sciences; History; Industrial and Engineering Technology; Information Technology and Administrative Management; International Studies; Law and Justice; Mathematics; Music; Nutrition, Exercise and Health Sciences; Philosophy; Physics; Political Science; Primate Behavior and Ecology; Psychology; Resource Management; Science Education; Sociology; Theatre Arts; Wine Studies, and Women’s Studies. We continue to welcome additional growth in numbers of presenters and participants, as well as an expanded roster of participating colleges, departments, and programs. Our vision continues to be one of creating an event showcasing all realms of scholarly work at CWU, and sharing them across disciplines and with the outside community. STUDENT FASHION SHOW The SOURCE fashion show is a preview of student designs from FCSA 488, Fashion Line Development. Ten students produced an apparel line of three original garments from conceptualization to completion in six short weeks. Design concepts are executed through storyboards, identification of a target market, completion of samples, fittings, and the final product. For the SOURCE show the students selected their favorite and most representative garment from their line. The final project of three original designs will be showcased at the Fashion Merchandising 14th Annual Fashion Show, Fashion Oddity on May 22 at 7 p.m. in the Milo Smith Theatre in McConnell Hall. 4 STUDENT ART SHOW While you are attending SOURCE today, please plan on visiting the 2010 Student Art Show in the Sarah Spurgeon Gallery, Randall Hall. This year’s show features work from all of the disciplines in the visual arts taught at Central Washington University including photography, graphic design, ceramics, wood design, jewelry and metalsmithing, sculpture, painting, and drawing. The annual student art show celebrates the achievements of CWU’s student artists. All work in the show has been juried by a professional in the field as meritorious and worthy of the public’s attention. All Sarah Spurgeon Gallery activities are funded by the Associated Students of Central Washington University. BIG BRASS BLOWOUT At 7:00 p.m. in the CWU Music Building Concert Hall, the brass area of the CWU Music Department will present its annual Brass Blowout. This concert is an annual favorite, featuring student ensembles of trumpets, horns, trombones, euphoniums, and tubas playing literature from all musical style periods. The CWU Trumpet Choir, Horn Ensemble, Tuba/Euphonium Choir, Trombone Choir, and Brass Choir will all perform, along with several student chamber groups. The concert promises to have something for every musical taste, and is free and open to the public. WINE STUDIES SPECIAL SESSION OLD WORLD VS. NEW WORLD: A PROFESSIONAL WINE TASTING The Global Wine Studies bachelor of science program at CWU has recently graduated students who now work in various capacities in the wine industry. One of the more important roles in the wine trade is the wine event planner. It involves planning a wine tasting around a variety of social occasions, from an anniversary to a grand opening to a cordial reception at the end of a scholarly symposium such as SOURCE. Far from being facile, the position demands a broad knowledge of wine and viticulture as well as serving etiquette and food pairing. A wine event planner’s reputation is based on the history of their past successes. Four GWS students, Alison Eglin,
Recommended publications
  • 1934 the MOUNTAINEERS Incorpora.Ted T�E MOUNTAINEER VOLUME TWENTY-SEVEN Number One
    THE MOUNTAINEER VOLUME TWENTY -SEVEN Nom1-0ae Deceml.er, 19.34 GOING TO GLACIER PUBLISHED BY THE MOUNTAIN�ER.S INCOaPOllATBD SEATTLI: WASHINGTON. _,. Copyright 1934 THE MOUNTAINEERS Incorpora.ted T�e MOUNTAINEER VOLUME TWENTY-SEVEN Number One December, 1934 GOING TO GLACIER 7 •Organized 1906 Incorporated 1913 EDITORIAL BOARD, 1934 Phyllis Young Katharine A. Anderson C. F. Todd Marjorie Gregg Arthur R. Winder Subscription Price, $2.00 a Year Annual (only) Seventy-five Cents Published by THE MOUNTAINEERS Incorporated Seattle, Washington Entered as second class matter, December 15, 1920, at the Postofflce at Seattle, Washington, under the Act of March 3, 1879. TABLE OF CONTENTS Greeting ........................................................................Henr y S. Han, Jr. North Face of Mount Rainier ................................................ Wolf Baiter 3 r Going to Glacier, Illustrated ............... -.................... .Har iet K. Walker 6 Members of the 1934 Summer Outing........................................................ 8 The Lake Chelan Region ............. .N. W. <J1·igg and Arthiir R. Winder 11 Map and Illustration The Climb of Foraker, Illitstrated.................................... <J. S. Houston 17 Ascent of Spire Peak ............................................... -.. .Kenneth Chapman 18 Paradise to White River Camp on Skis .......................... Otto P. Strizek 20 Glacier Recession Studies ................................................H. Strandberg 22 The Mounta,ineer Climbers................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 1968 Mountaineer Outings
    The Mountaineer The Mountaineer 1969 Cover Photo: Mount Shuksan, near north boundary North Cascades National Park-Lee Mann Entered as second-class matter, April 8, 1922, at Post Office, Seattle, Wash., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Published monthly and semi-monthly during June by The Mountaineers, P.O. Box 122, Seattle, Washington 98111. Clubroom is at 7191h Pike Street, Seattle. Subscription price monthly Bulletin and Annual, $5.00 per year. EDITORIAL STAFF: Alice Thorn, editor; Loretta Slat­ er, Betty Manning. Material and photographs should be submitted to The Mountaineers, at above address, before Novem­ ber 1, 1969, for consideration. Photographs should be black and white glossy prints, 5x7, with caption and photographer's name on back. Manuscripts should be typed double-spaced and include writer's name, address and phone number. foreword Since the North Cascades National Park was indubi­ tably the event of this past year, this issue of The Mountaineer attempts to record aspects of that event. Many other magazines and groups have celebrated by now, of course, but hopefully we have managed to avoid total redundancy. Probably there will be few outward signs of the new management in the park this summer. A great deal of thinking and planning is in progress as the Park Serv­ ice shapes its policies and plans developments. The North Cross-State highway, while accessible by four­ wheel vehicle, is by no means fully open to the public yet. So, visitors and hikers are unlikely to "see" the changeover to park status right away. But the first articles in this annual reveal both the thinking and work which led to the park, and the think­ ing which must now be done about how the park is to be used.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tough Trip Over Easy Pass Scenery, Solitude and Challenges in North Cascades National Park
    Northwest Explorer A Tough Trip Over Easy Pass Scenery, solitude and challenges in North Cascades National Park By John Howell been booked when we got our permit in the trip just fine. Marblemount. Our destination was At 8:40 p.m. we arrived at Cosho North Cascades National Park is a Cosho Camp, another 4.1 miles west Camp. We checked out the three pristine wilderness with spectacular on mostly brushy trail. campsites close to Fisher Creek. We craggy peaks, enormous glaciers and Along the way, my water was were alone. Before we set up our remote, lush valleys. depleted and I became thirsty. We home-fashioned shelter, a two-point Dr. Don Potter and I embarked on bushwacked to nearby Fisher Creek to buck wandered into the site we se- 43 miles of backpacking in six days at filter water. My water filter malfunc- lected. Easy Pass Trailhead, just off North tioned and we managed to pump three- After a 10-mile, 10-hour day, we ate Cascades Highway (State Route 20). fourths of a quart of water while and hung our food in the dark. Sleep Our journey took us over Easy Pass maddening flies pestered us. Although came easy for two weary bodies. and Park Creek Pass, terminating in my filter had worked fine at home, it I arose early, letting Don enjoy his Stehekin on Lake Chelan. stopped working altogether. Bummer! sleep. After retrieving the food, I WTA’s Kara Chin and companion It had been a tough day! But we would rechecked the water filter.
    [Show full text]
  • North Cascades National Park — 50 Years
    VOLUME 42, NO. 2 Summer 2018 Journal of the Douglasia WASHINGTON NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY To promote the appreciation and conservation of Washington’s native plants and their habitats through study, education, and advocacy. North Cascades National Park — 50 Years Summer 2018 • DOUGLASIA Douglasia VOLUME 42, NO. 2 SUMMER 2018 journal of the washington native plant society About This Issue WNPS Fellows* by David Giblin Clay Antieau Joe Miller** William Barker** Margaret Miller** Sometime last year WNPS Fellow Fred Weinmann sug- Nelsa Buckingham** Mae Morey gested that the summer 2018 Douglasia issue be dedicated to Pamela Camp Brian O. Mulligan** Tom Corrigan** Ruth Peck Ownbey** the flora of Washington’s national parks. The editorial board Melinda Denton** Jim Riley thought this was a great idea, so here it is. Thanks to Fred for Lee Ellis Gary Smith the inspiring idea and to all of the authors for sharing their Betty Jo Fitzgerald** Ron Taylor** knowledge about the plants, people, and resources affiliated Mary Fries** Richard Tinsley Amy Jean Gilmartin** Ann Weinmann with these parks. Al Hanners** Fred Weinmann Lynn Hendrix** * WNPS Fellow is the highest WNPS President Don Schaechtel provides a delightful Karen Hinman** honor given to a member by reminiscence of his more than 30 years of hiking, climbing, Marie Hitchman our society. This title is given and botanizing throughout Washington’s three national parks. Catherine Hovanic to those who have made Two articles in this issue remind us of the significant contribu- Art Kermoade** outstanding contributions to Don Knoke** the understanding and/or tions that amateur botanists have made at two of these parks.
    [Show full text]
  • WASHINGTON STATE HISTORIC TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS— INVENTORY HELD by the WASHINGTON GEOLOGY LIBRARY Compiled by Lee Walkling
    WASHINGTON STATE HISTORIC TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS— INVENTORY HELD BY THE WASHINGTON GEOLOGY LIBRARY Compiled by Lee Walkling Scales: 1:24,000 1:25,000 1:62,000 1:125,000 Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources 2003, revised February 2015 This is a list of historical maps kept at the Washington Geology Library. There are 114 pages in this file. It was composed to be printed on legal-size paper, in landscape format. Code used: pr = photorevised pi = photo inspected rev = revised g = green (vegetation) overlay (a date without a “g” indicates a monotone (brown line) map without the green overlay) Dates in BOLD indicate that a better copy of the map is needed. Map locations: 1:24,000 (7½-minute quadrangle) maps are in the EASI files in the Reception area, Room 148. The library set of Washington 7½-minute quadrangles (current editions) are in oversize bound volumes under the counter, across from the flat metal map file cabinets. 1:62,500 maps are in the flat metal map file cabinet drawers (both USGS and ARMY) 1:125,000 maps are in the wood map case against the west wall. Also, view more than 600 maps in the Washington State University Libraries online collection Early Washington Maps, a digital collection at http://www.wsulibs.wsu.edu/holland/masc/xmaps.html. Map name USGS 1:24,000 USGS 1:62,500 ARMY 1:62,500 1:125,000 Abercrombie Mountain 1967 1967g 1967 pr 1986g DMA 2581 IV NW Aberdeen 1957 1937 1957g 1937g 1957 pr 1973 1940g 1957 pr 1973g 1957 pr 1983g DMA 1277 IV NE Aberdeen Gardens 1990 provisional ed.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Crime- the Globe's Second Largest Illegal Enterprise?
    ABOUT THE COVER Sighted off the Azores in the North Atlantic, an extremely rare 13-foot-long white sperm whale calf swims with his mother. Sperm whales are the largest toothed whales- adult males can be fifty feet long and weigh forty tons. Pho­ tographer Flip Nicklin could not determine whether this real-life baby "Moby Dick's" eyes were pink, but the calf appears to be a pure albino. Despite his dolphin smile he's in grave danger from his mother's milk, which may be contaminated by absorbed chemicals, heavy metals, and other noxious sub­ stances, as a result of ocean pollution. Other threats come from ship strikes, being caught in entangling fishing nets, and whaling. The Japanese kill sperm whales today under the guise of "scientific research," but whale meat and oil end up for sale in Japan. In May 2002, Japan hosted a remarkably conten­ tious meeting ofthe International Whaling Commission, established in 1946 to regulate commercial whaling. (See story pages 4-5.) DIRECTORS Marjorie Cooke Roger Fouts, Ph.D. David 0. Hill Fredrick Hutchison Take a Bite Out of the Toothfish Trade Cathy Liss Christine Stevens Cynthia Wilson ince AWl first reported on the serious conservation implications of the Sinternational trade in Patagonian Toothfish last winter, a concerted OFFICERS global effort has taken hold to curtail the commercialization of this fish, Christine Stevens, President often marketed under the name, "Chilean Sea Bass." Cynthia Wilson, Vice President It is estimated that overfishing and illegal catches could push the Fredrick Hutchison, CPA, Treasurer Patagonian toothfish to extinction in five years.
    [Show full text]
  • SUMMER 2021 / VOLUME 70 / NUMBER 2 Animal Welfare Institute Jill Carey Animals Atslaughter Operations
    SUMMER 2021 / VOLUME 70 / NUMBER 2 But we can’t help animals without you! Thank you so much for your past donations, and we are grateful for any continued support you may be able to provide. However, I also hope you A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT will assist us by responding to our requests for action. Pages 4 and 5 describe much-needed legislation pending in Congress Dear Members and Other to help primates, sharks, companion animals, and a host of Friends of AWI: other species, and you can make a difference by reaching out to your members of Congress to request their support for It has been nearly a year and a half since our lives were these measures. In addition, farm animals can benefit if you changed in so many ways by the pandemic. Nonetheless, contact Agriculture Secretary Vilsack and urge him to finalize AWI’s advocacy has continued in earnest as animals across a rule that will mandate animal welfare requirements within the nation and around the globe remain in critical need of USDA’s organic standards (see page 10). And while we are protection and conservation. making progress to stop wildlife killing contests, we can only succeed by working in partnership with you, our grassroots In this issue of our magazine you’ll read about our work, advocates; on page 16, we offer some actions you can take. including the progress we are making to end brutal and senseless wildlife killing contests in the United States, the We appreciate your concern for animals and hope you will assistance we provided in response to the massive oil spill continue to help them via whatever means you can.
    [Show full text]
  • Detailed Map Sheet; Soil Survey of North Cascades National Park
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SOIL SURVEY OF NORTH CASCADES Joins sheet 18, Ross Dam NATIONAL PARK COMPLEX, WASHINGTON UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MOUNT LOGAN QUADRANGLE NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION SERVICE SHEET NUMBER 24 OF 34 121°0’0"W 120°57’30"W Joins sheet 19, Crater Mountain 120°55’0"W 120°52’30"W 9012 9010 9010 8011 9003 8009 48°37’30"N 48°37’30"N 9998 9998 8007 9012 9016 BAKER-SNOQUALMIE 9008 MT NORTH CASCADES 9012 9010 9010 9010 9003 NATIONAL 8011 NATIONAL 8006 8007 9003 9008 9010 PARK 9010 FOREST 8006 9008 8009 9003 BOUNDARY BOUNDARY 9008 9012 8010 Panther 9003 9003 8006 8010 9016 8007 8006 RED MOUNTAIN 8007 Creek 9008 8011 9010 8006 9997 9008 9016 9998 9016 8006 9010 9999 9016 9998 9008 9016 9998 8006 9016 9010 8011 9016 9010 9010 9998 9008 9012 9012 8006 8011 9010 9010 9003 9003 9999 Cosho Kimtah Glacier 9016 Peak 7015 9997 9003 6014 9016 Kimtah 9010 Peak 9003 48°35’0"N 9008 9998 48°35’0"N 9010 9016 Katsuk Glacier RAGGED RIDGE 9010 9010 9016 9012 9998 9010 9016 6015 7003 9003 Mesahchie 9012 8000 9008 Peak 9003 8007 9008 Fisher 8010 9008 9003 9008 7015 9003 9016 Creek 9003 8010 9010 9010 8006 9003 8010 8006 9016 8007 9003 FISHER 9016 9003 8009 8011 8010 8006 CREEK 9016 9012 8011 9010 9008 9010 8006 8009 8006 8006 TRAIL 9010 8010 9008 8006 8007 9998 9008 9016 Logan 9008 9998 8006 9010 9999 8007 9008 9008 8009 Creek 9003 8010 9003 8006 9003 8009 8006 9008 Fisher 8011 9016 9016 9010 9012 9016 9016 8007 9008 Joins sheet 25, Mount Arriva Mount 25, sheet Joins Creek Joins sheet 23,
    [Show full text]
  • Empowering a Generation of Climbers My First Ascent an Epic Climb of Mt
    WWW.MOUNTAINEERS.ORG SPRING 2018 • VOLUME 112 • NO. 2 MountaineerEXPLORE • LEARN • CONSERVE in this issue: Empowering a Generation of Climbers An Interview with Lynn Hill My First Ascent Becoming Backwoods Barbie An Epic Climb of Mt. Rainier Via the Willis Wall tableofcontents Spring 2018 » Volume 112 » Number 2 Features The Mountaineers enriches lives and communities by helping people explore, conserve, learn about, and enjoy 24 Empowering a Generation of Climbers the lands and waters of the Pacific Northwest and beyond. An Interview with Lynn Hill 26 My First Ascent Becoming Backwoods Barbie 32 An Epic Climb of Mt. Rainier Via the Willis Wall Columns 7 MEMBER HIGHLIGHT Marcey Kosman 8 VOICES HEARD 24 1000 Words: The Worth of a Picture 11 PEAK FITNESS Developing a Personal Program 12 BOOKMARKS Fuel Up on Real Food 14 OUTSIDE INSIGHT A Life of Adventure Education 16 YOUTH OUTSIDE We’ve Got Gear for You 18 SECRET RAINIER 26 Goat Island Mountain 20 TRAIL TALK The Trail Less Traveled 22 CONSERVATION CURRENTS Climbers Wanted: Liberty Bell Needs Help 37 IMPACT GIVING Make the Most of Your Mountaineers Donation 38 RETRO REWIND To Everest and Beyond 41 GLOBAL ADVENTURES The Extreme Fishermen of Portugal’s Rota Vicentina 55 LAST WORD Empowerment 32 Discover The Mountaineers If you are thinking of joining, or have joined and aren’t sure where to star, why not set a date to Meet The Mountaineers? Check the Mountaineer uses: Branching Out section of the magazine for times and locations of CLEAR informational meetings at each of our seven branches. on the cover: Bam Mendiola, AKA “Backwoods Barbie” stands on the top of Mount Rainier.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Primate Newsletter
    LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER Vol. 47, No. 1 January 2008 JUDITH E. SCHRIER, EDITOR JAMES S. HARPER, GORDON J. HANKINSON AND LARRY HULSEBOS, ASSOCIATE EDITORS MORRIS L. POVAR, CONSULTING EDITOR ELVA MATHIESEN, ASSISTANT EDITOR ALLAN M. SCHRIER, FOUNDING EDITOR, 1962-1987 Published Quarterly by the Schrier Research Laboratory Psychology Department, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island ISSN 0023-6861 POLICY STATEMENT The Laboratory Primate Newsletter provides a central source of information about nonhuman primates and re- lated matters to scientists who use these animals in their research and those whose work supports such research. The Newsletter (1) provides information on care and breeding of nonhuman primates for laboratory research, (2) dis- seminates general information and news about the world of primate research (such as announcements of meetings, research projects, sources of information, nomenclature changes), (3) helps meet the special research needs of indi- vidual investigators by publishing requests for research material or for information related to specific research prob- lems, and (4) serves the cause of conservation of nonhuman primates by publishing information on that topic. As a rule, research articles or summaries accepted for the Newsletter have some practical implications or provide general information likely to be of interest to investigators in a variety of areas of primate research. However, special con- sideration will be given to articles containing data on primates not conveniently publishable elsewhere. General descriptions of current research projects on primates will also be welcome. The Newsletter appears quarterly and is intended primarily for persons doing research with nonhuman primates. Back issues may be purchased for $10.00 each.
    [Show full text]
  • Chimpanzee Signing: Darwinian Realities and Cartesian Delusions Roger S
    Chimpanzee signing: Darwinian Realities and Cartesian Delusions Roger S. Fouts, Mary Lee A. Jensvold and Deborah H. Fouts Darwinian Realities Truly discontinuous, all-or-non phenomena must be rare in nature. Historically, the great discontinuities have turned out to be conceptual barriers rather than natural phenomena. They have been passed by and abandoned rather than broken through in the course of scientific progress. The sign language studies in chimpanzees … have neither sought nor discovered a means of breathing humanity into the soul of a beast. They have assumed instead that there is no discontinuity between verbal behavior and the rest of human behavior or between human behavior and the rest of animal behavior -- no barrier to be broken, no chasm to be bridged, only unknown territory to be explored. (R. Gardner et al. 1989, p. xvii) Cross-fostering While chimpanzees have great difficulty adapting their vocalizations to human speech (Hayes and Hayes 1951; Hayes and Nissen 1971), chimpanzees can freely move their hands meaning that a gestural language is well suited to their abilities. R. A. and B.T. Gardner recognized this in their sign language studies with young chimpanzees. In 1966, the Gardners brought 10-month-old Washoe to the University of Nevada-Reno when they began their cross-fostering study. The Gardners described this approach as follows: Cross-fostering a chimpanzee is very different from keeping one in a home as a pet. Many people keep pets in their homes. They may treat their pets very well, and they may love them dearly, but they do not treat them like children.
    [Show full text]
  • Climbing Notes 2002 National Park Service U.S
    North Cascades National Park Service Complex Climbing Notes 2002 National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Whidbey Island 2001 Search and Navy helicopter search and rescue Rescue Incidents team training with North Cascades National Park’s search NPS Rangers. and rescue personnel responded to 18 In 2001 search incidents in 2001, including assistance given and rescue to the Whatcom County Sheriff’s Office personnel responded with two incidents on Mount Baker . to 18 incidents The total unprogrammed emergency including a fatality cost to the National Park Service was on Mt. Baker. $15,225, of which 47% was for contract helicopter services. These figures do not include costs assumed by military and volunteer programs that also work on Park incidents. The 2001 accidents were consistent in the long-standing trend that the majority of climbers evacuated are injured in the non- technical approach or descent, not the actual climbing routes. Also noted in 2001 was that more trail hikers were injured and evacuated than those with mountaineering objectives. Five of the 2001 incidents are summarized below. Klawatti Glacier, May 22 A ski-mountaineering party reported NPS photo a non-critical, but disabling knee injury to one member. The skier had taken a slow, Addressing Wilderness Climbing Impacts tumbling fall near the base of Klawatti Peak Rangers of the North Cascades National was designated by as Wilderness. after a descent of Klawatti’s south face. He Park Wilderness District have measured and During the summer of 2001, patrols were was evacuated by helicopter to inventoried human impacts in “trailless” ar- conducted in areas such as the Picket Range, Marblemount.
    [Show full text]