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Changing the Victorian Subject The high-quality paperback edition is available for purchase online: https://shop.adelaide.edu.au/ Changing the Victorian Subject Edited and Introduction by Maggie Tonkin, Mandy Treagus, Madeleine Seys School of Humanities, The University of Adelaide Sharon Crozier-De Rosa School of Humanities and Social Inquiry, The University of Wollongong Published in Adelaide by University of Adelaide Press The University of Adelaide Level 14, 115 Grenfell Street South Australia 5005 [email protected] www.adelaide.edu.au/press The University of Adelaide Press publishes externally refereed scholarly books by staff of the University of Adelaide. It aims to maximise access to the University’s best research by publishing works through the internet as free downloads and for sale as high quality printed volumes. © 2014 The Contributors This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This licence allows for the copying, distribution, display and performance of this work for non-commercial purposes providing the work is clearly attributed to the copyright holders. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. For the full Cataloguing-in-Publication data please contact the National Library of Australia: [email protected] ISBN (paperback) 978-1-922064-73-8 ISBN (ebook: pdf) 978-1-922064-74-5 ISBN (ebook: epub) 978-1-922064-75-2 ISBN (ebook: mobi) 978-1-922064-76-9 Editors: Patrick Allington and Rebecca Burton Book design: Zoë Stokes Cover design: Emma Spoehr Cover image: Robert Dowling, English 1827-1886, emigrated to Australia 1834. Masters George, William and Miss Harriet Ware with the Aborigine Jamie Ware 1856, oil on canvas, 63.7 x 76.4 cm, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne. Eleanor M. Borrow Bequest, 2007. Used with permission. Paperback printed by Griffin Press, South Australia Contents Notes on Contributors vii 1 Re-visiting the Victorian subject 1 Maggie Tonkin, Mandy Treagus, Madeleine Seys and Sharon Crozier-De Rosa 2 Queen Victoria’s Aboriginal subjects: a late colonial Australian 21 case study Amanda Nettelbeck 3 Identifying with the frontier: Federation New Woman, Nation 37 and Empire Sharon Crozier-De Rosa 4 A ‘Tigress’ in the Paradise of Dissent: Kooroona critiques the 59 foundational colonial story Margaret Allen 5 The making of Barbara Baynton 83 Rosemary Moore 6 A literary fortune 105 Megan Brown 7 Olive Schreiner’s From Man to Man and ‘the copy within’ 123 Dorothy Driver 8 Guy Boothby’s ‘Bid for Fortune’: constructing an Anglo- 151 Australian colonial identity for the fin-de-siècle London literary marketplace Ailise Bulfin v Changing the Victorian Subject 9 The scenery and dresses of her dreams: reading and reflecting 177 (on) the Victorian heroine in M.E. Braddon’s The Doctor’s Wife Madeleine Seys 10 The woman artist and narrative ends in late-Victorian writing 201 Mandy Treagus 11 Miss Wade’s torment: the perverse construction of same-sex 217 desire in Little Dorrit Shale Preston 12 ‘All the world is blind’: unveiling same-sex desire in the poetry of 241 Amy Levy Carolyn Lake 13 From ‘Peter Panic’ to proto-Modernism: the case of J.M. Barrie 259 Maggie Tonkin vi Notes on Contributors Margaret Allen is Professor Emerita in Gender Studies, University of Adelaide. She has researched gendered histories for four decades publishing on women writers and Australian cultural history, South Australian women’s history and nineteenth century British Quakers. Currently she researches transnational, postcolonial and gendered histories and on whiteness, in particular, on links between India and Australia from c. 1880-1940. She also examines the changes in women’s missionary approaches in India consequent upon the Edinburgh conference in 1910. She has published in a number of fields and is a co-editor of Women’s Activism: Global Perspectives from the 1890s to the present (2012). She is a member of the Fay Gale Centre for Research on Gender. Megan Brown is an Honorary Post-Doctoral Research Associate at the University of Wollongong. Her PhD thesis ‘I Shall Tell Just Stories as I Please’ examined Mary Fortune’s writing in the Australian Journal from 1865-1885. Her publications include an essay on sensational aspects of Fortune’s writing in the special edition of Australian Literary Studies in honour of Elizabeth Webby, a chapter on Fortune’s life writing in The Unsociable Sociability of Women’s Life Writing (2010) and, in 2012, an essay in Australian Literary Studies titled ‘Mary Fortune as Sylphid: “blond, and silk and tulle”’. Ailise Bulfin has recently been awarded her doctorate from Trinity College Dublin, where she is a teaching assistant in the School of English. Broadly speaking her research examines the fin-de-siècle phenomenon of invasion fiction as written by colonial authors such as M.P. Shiel and Guy Boothby, and has been funded in part by a postgraduate scholarship from the Irish Research Council for the Humanities and Social Sciences. Her publications include articles and book chapters on aspects of the relationship between imperialism and vii Changing the Victorian Subject fin-de-siècle popular fiction in English Literature in Transition and a number of edited collections. Sharon Crozier-De Rosa is a Lecturer in History at the University of Wollongong. She has published research on gender and empire (for which she was awarded the Mary Bennett Prize), the New Woman globally, and emotions and popular culture in history. Currently, she is writing a book entitled Shame and the Anti-Feminist Backlash: Britain, Ireland and Australia, 1890-1920 to be published by Routledge. Sharon is also national co-convenor of the Australian Women’s History Network. Dorothy Driver is Professor of English at the University of Adelaide, and Emerita Professor at the University of Cape Town, where she taught for twenty years. She has also held visiting positions at the University of Chicago and Stanford University. Her major research interests and publications are in South African literature, the constructions and representations of gender and race both under Apartheid and after Apartheid, and writing by women. Her new edition of Olive Schreiner’s From Man to Man will be published in 2014. Carolyn Lake is a postgraduate research student in English at the University of Adelaide, South Australia. Her thesis project explores the poetry and prose of Amy Levy, examining narrative strategies of marginal representation in urban space. She is interested in lesbian and proto-lesbian cultures and cultural products from the late-Victorian period. Other research interests include contemporary Australian literature and film and queer film histories. Rosemary Moore is an Adjunct Senior Lecturer, formerly Senior Lecturer, in English and Creative Writing at the University of Adelaide, where she has taught courses in narrative with emphasis on the influence of gender on women writers of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. She has published articles in this field and researched into the relations between psychoanalysis and feminist studies. Amanda Nettelbeck is Professor in the School of Humanities at the University of Adelaide. She is co-author with Robert Foster of Out of the Silence: the History and Memory of South Australia’s Frontier Wars (2012), In the Name of the Law: William Willshire and the Policing of the Australian Frontier (2007), and Fatal viii Changing the Victorian Subject Collisions: the South Australian Frontier and the Violence of Memory (with Rick Hosking, 2001). A new collaborative book is in progress titled Fragile Settlements: Aboriginal peoples, law and resistance in Australia and western Canada. Her most recent project ‘Protection and Punishment’, funded by an ARC Discovery grant, deals with how policies of Aboriginal protection in colonial Australia intersected in practice with Aboriginal punishment under the law. Shale Preston is an Honorary Research Fellow in the English Department at Macquarie University. Her work explores the representation of gender and sexuality in Charles Dickens’s fiction and the relationship between Dickens’s oeuvre and Contemporary Philosophy. She has published a range of articles and book chapters on Dickens and is the author of Dickens and the Despised Mother: A Critical Reading of Three Autobiographical Novels (2013). Currently, she is co-editing an anthology forthcoming from Routledge (2015) titled Queer Victorian Families: Curious Relations in Literature. Madeleine Seys is a postgraduate student in the Discipline of English and Creative Writing and an affiliate member of the Fay Gale Centre for Research on Gender at the University of Adelaide. She teaches Victorian literature and social and cultural history in the Discipline. Her doctoral thesis explores the use of dress to fashion femininity and female sexuality and to tell the woman’s story in Victorian popular literature. The project combines her research interests in the narrative and generic conventions of Victorian popular literature, gender and sexuality, fashion and textile history, and material culture. Madeleine is Costume Curator at the National Trust of South Australia’s Ayers House Museum. Her research interests also include museology and museum curatorship, in particular, the use of costume and textiles in museum displays. Maggie Tonkin is a Lecturer in English at the University of Adelaide.