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Wilamowitz to Zeller: Two Letters Calder, William M Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Jan 1, 1978; 19, 2; Proquest Pg

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Wilamowitz to Zeller: Two Letters Calder, William M Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Jan 1, 1978; 19, 2; Proquest Pg Wilamowitz to Zeller: Two Letters Calder, William M Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Jan 1, 1978; 19, 2; ProQuest pg. 177 Wilamowitz to Zeller: Two Letters William M. Calder III Introduction Alles tritt in Schatten vor Eduard Zellers grojer Geschichte der Philosophie. Durch ihn dringt ein, was die Tubinger Theologenschule vor den Philologen voraushatte: eine geistige Bewegung durch die Personen der Trager hindurch ZU verfolgen, also den geschichtlichen Zusammenhang neben dem Heraus­ arbeiten der einzelnen dogmatischen Systeme. Das war etwas Aristotelisches, und so ist auch Zellers Werk orientiert. Seine Wirkung ist gar nicht ab­ zuschatzen, halt auch da noch an, wo die Forschung sich von ihm abwendet. Moge man ihn nicht durch Umarbeiten seines Werkes auf die Hohe der Gegenwart heben wollen wie ein Schulbuch. Werke so hohen Ranges soU man lassen, wie sie der Verfasser gegeben hat. Den wollen wir auch da hOren, wo er jetzt anders reden wii.rde. 1 ELCKER and Jahn might have received such praise. Few W others. Mommsen had introduced the young privatdocent to Eduard Zeller (1814-1908).2 Wilamowitz (1848-1931) immediately liked him. He was a great scholar and kind to a student friend, Hermann Diels (1848-1922).3 "Zeller, den ich so gliicklich gewesen war, einige Male in angeregter Gesellschaft seinen treffenden, manchmal gar nicht schonenden Witz und seine ungewollte Oberlegenheit zeigen zu sehen, hatte in Diels sofort nicht nur den Gelehrten, sondern eine ihm in vielem verwandte Natur erkannt und es sich verdient, daB Diels ihm iiber den Tod die warmste Verehrung bewiesen hat."4 Here is no place to compose a life of Zeller. Hermann Diels' Gedacht­ nisrede auf Eduard Zeller is easily available.s The interested are urged 1 Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Geschichte der Philologie8 (Leipzig 1927, repro 1959) 67. S Wilamowitz, Erinnerungen 1848-19142 (Leipzig 1929) 175 [hereafter, Erinnerungen l ]. 8 Erinnerungenl 180; for Wilamowitz on Diels see Wilamowitz, Kleine Schriften VI (Berlin 1972) 71-74 [hereafter, Wilamowitz, KS]. 'Erinnerungenl 180. For Diels and Zeller see Otto Kern, Hermann Diels und Carl Robert: Ein biographischfr Versuch (Leipzig 1927) 60--61, 65, 103-04, 106-07 with the letters at 169-80. , Hermann Diels, "Gediichtnisrede auf Eduard Zeller," AbhBerlin 2 (1908) 44 = E. Zeller, Kleine Schriften unter Mitwirkung von H. Diels und K. Holl, ed. O. Leuze III (Berlin 1911) 177 178 WILAMOWITZ TO ZELLER: TWO LETTERS to read it. Horton Harris in his study of the Tiibingen School has provided the most recent biography and the only thorough account in English.& I am indebted to both for what follows. Zeller was born 22 January 1814 at Kleinbottwar north of Stuttgart near Marbach on the Neckar, «wo sein Vater Freiherrlich Knied­ stedtscher Rentamtmann war." He was the youngest of eight children, beloved and happy. His father learned Greek to prepare his son for school at Backnang, where already by age twelve he had decided for theology (his education would thus be paid by the government). In 1827 he entered the church school at Maulbronn, where in a tower­ room Faust was alleged to have dwelt. After three years Zeller lost his faith. The dismissal of an immoral instructor mended things; he was graduated first in his class. In autumn 1831 he went on to Tiibingen. He began with the study of Plato's Republic and soon turned to Kant, Jacobi, Fichte (like Wilamowitz a Schulpforte graduate), Schelling, whose father had been superintendent of the church at Maulbronn, and Hegel. There was also time to translate Byron. In 1833 he began theology and came immediately under the influence of Ferdinand Christian Baur (1792- 1860).7 On 25 August 1836 he received the Tiibingen doctorate in philosophy. The dissertation was published in 1839 as Platonische Studien. -That year he habilitated in theology. His lectures (1840-41) aroused conservative ire, and founding the Theologische Jahrbucher (1842) did not help. In 1847 came the appointment to a chair of theology at Bern and marriage to his mentor's daughter, Emilie Caroline Baur (1823-1904). There after initial opposition Zeller passed two quiet years working in an inadequate library upon his history of Greek philosophy. In 1849 a call to the theological faculty at Marburg again alarmed con­ servatives. There was always confusion about how much of the New Testament Zeller believed and what he thought of the soul. An ami- 465-511. I have not seen H. Diels, "Zu Eduard Zellers hundertstem Geburtstag," Deutsche Rund$chau 40 (1914) 45-69. For Zeller's support of Diels when he needed it see W. Jaeger, Five Essays, transl. A. M. Fiske (Montreal 1966) 57. Fundamental is Ed. Zeller, Erinnerungen cines Neunvgjithrigen (Stuttgart 1908). • Horton Harris, The Tubingen School (Oxford 1975) 55-77, with the bibliography at 277. lowe the knowledge of this useful but careless book to E. Christian Kopff. For further bibliography see A. Gudeman, Grundriss der Geschichu tier klassischen PhilologieB (Leipzig/ Berlin 1909) 238-39. Sir John Sandys, A History of Classical Scholarship III (Cambridge 1908) 477-78, is unsatisfactory. 7 See Harris, op.cit. (supra n.6) 11-54. WilLIAM M. CALDER ill 179 able compromise evolved. Zeller agreed to take the philosophical chair instead. In 1852 he completed Die Philosophie der Griechen in ihrer geschichtlichen Entwicklung. In 1862 he accepted the chair of philosophy at Heidelberg. In 1872, at the death of Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg (1802-72), Zeller reluctantly succeeded hiITl at Berlin to begin a new career aged 59. At Berlin he worked vigorously in the Academy. He turned Diels to the great task of editing the commentators to Aristotle.s He was rector of the university 1878-79.9 In 1888 with Ludwig Stein and others he founded his second journal, Archiv fur Geschichte der Philoso­ phie. Students avoided his lectures. By chance we know why. "It is true, I could have heard Eduard Zeller. But he was, for one thing, handicapped by his Suabian dialect. "10 He retired in 1894, aged 80, to live with his son, Professor Albert Zeller, in Stuttgart. There in his sleep he died on 19 March 1908. "plato hat er geliebt, das im engeren Sinne Philosophische vermied er in rich tiger Selbsterkenntnis. Wo es ihm in seiner rein en Gestalt entgegentrat, wie bei Aristoteles, war es ihm wider die Natur." Thus Wilamowitz's greatest Aristotelian student, Werner Jaeger (1888- 1961), described his master.H Yet Wilamowitz wrote what may well be the most oft-cited modern book on Aristotle and what is the standard biography ofPlato.12 While at Greifswald, aged 32, he wrote Antigonos von Karystos 13 and rediscovered the third-century B.C. art- 8 Wilamowitz. KS VI 72. e See Die Rektoren der Humboldt-Universitiit zu Berlin, ed. Universitats-Bibliothek (Halle/ Sa ale 1966) 107, with facing portrait. There are other portraits of Zeller at Harris. op.cit. (supra n.6) pI. n.2, and Alfred Gudeman. Imagines Philologorum (Leipzig/Berlin 1911) 28. 10 Ernest G. Sihler. From Maumee to Thames and Tiber: the Life-Story ofan American Classical Scholar (New York 1930) 69; cf. Diels. "GedachtnisredeH (supra n.5) 43. For Zeller as the kindly examiner see Charles Breasted. Pioneer to the Past: The Story ofJames Henry Breasted Archaeologist (Chicago 1943. repro 1977) 53, 55. 11 Werner Jaeger, apud Studium Berolinense: Gedenkschrift zur 150. Wiederkehr des Grund­ ungsjahres der Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat zu Berlin (Berlin 1960) 473 (= Five Essays [supra n.5] 61). For Wilamowitz and Jaeger see my "The Correspondence of Ulrich von Wilamo­ witz-Moellendorff with Werner Jaeger." HSCP 82 (1978). 11 On 21 December 1919 (Wilamowitz's 7lst birthday) Werner Jaeger wrote him: "Ihr 'Platon' hat ja so recht wieder gezeigt. daB man niemals aufhort. Ihr Schiller zu sein. Einmal durch die Hille des Neuen. das er lehrt. dann aber auch durch den Trieb. den er erweckt. nun den Philosophen in Platon mit der Lebendigkeit zu erfassen, zu der Sie erst unser Sehvermogen erzogen haben. indem Sie den Menschen platon der Welt zuruck­ gegeben haben": see HSCP 82 (1978). 18 Wilamowitz. Antigonos von Karystos (Philologische Untersuchungen 4. Berlin 1881. repro Berlin/Zurich 1965) [hereafter. AntigonosJ. The titlepage of the reprint and its spine bear the monster Moellendorf(sic!). 180 WILAMOWITZ TO ZELLER: TWO LETTERS historian and biographer of philosophers. U The book, especially the excursus on «Die philosophenschulen und die politik," was written under the strong influence of Jacob Bernays (1824-81), his revered Bonn teacher.lli No letters survive in the Gottingen Nachlaft from Zeller to Wila­ mowitz. Most letters after N have perished. The Wellhausen corres­ pondence is surely the greatest loss. Two letters and a telegram from Wilamowitz to Zeller are preserved in the library of Tiibingen Universitat.16 I am grateful to the alacrity of Oberbibliotheksrat Dr Friedrich Seck, who saw my notice in Gnomon, notified me, sent photo­ copies, and has generously allowed me to publish them. I am grateful to Schwester Hildegard von Wilamowitz-MoellendorfI, the sole sur­ viving child of Ulrich, for permission to publish her father's letters. Dr Wolfgang Buchwald, as so often, has done much to better a clumsy first transcription. I preserve the orthography and punctuation of the originals. My commentary is intended only to allow the learned read­ er to understand the texts without frequent recourse to other volumes. 1& For a concise, authoritative Zusammenfassung of the known see Carl Robert, RE 1 (1894) 2421-22 s.n. ANTIGONOS 19. See also Rudolf Pfeiffer, History of Classical Scholarship I (Oxford 1968) 247 n.l. 16 See op.cit. (supra n.13) 184 n.4 (if. Erinnerungen l 87-88), 399 with n.l. For Wilamowitz and Bernays see William M. Calder ill and Hermann Funke, "Vier Briefe Jacob Bemays' an Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff," RhM forthcoming.
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