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Home , Duke of Northumberland, Duke of Somerset, John Cheke, John Gates (courtier)

Subject: History Topic: Edward VI Year Group: 13

2. Government Key Dates Events 1547 1. Accession of Edward Vi 1. Character & Aims 1 of 1. Edward Seymour, earl of Hertford became 2. Establishment of Regency Council 1 Royal 1. Problems due to age (9) 2. Becomes Protector with the support of key 3. Edward Seymour becomes Authority 2. Country divided on religious grounds figures including Archbishop Cranmer under 3. Crown finances ruined by H8 foreign policy 3. Members of Privy Council felt resentment Protector Edward VI 4. Debased coinage = inflation and decline in real towards the Protectorate – within a few 4. Issue of radical royal wages weeks one of them had been arrested (Earl of injunctions 5. Crown had sold monastic land at discount price Southampton) 5. against the which could harm long term security 4. No guarantee of publics acceptance of Scots 6. Government fearful about keeping order and Somerset’s protectorate = widespread fears 6. Dissolution of the Chantries security, this is reflected through Archbishop about breakdown of law and order 1. Enclosure commission Cranmer's homily on Obedience (1547) to be 5. Fell from power after the rebellions of 1549. 1548 read at parish churches to reinforce obedience 6. Executed in 1552 and authority of the King. 1549 1. Execution of Thomas 2 Duke of 1. Took control as Lord President of the Council Seymour 2 What was 1. Early care and education overseen by Lady Northum – avoiding the title of Protector so as not to 2. Fall of Somerset Edward’s Margaret Bryan and Katherine Parr berland make same mistakes as Somerset 3. John Dudley takes control of education 2. From 1544, , a Humanist reformer, 2. He promoted Sir as Vice- government like? became Edward’s tutor – possibly the origins of Chamberlain of the Household so he could 4. Act of Uniformity and 1st Book Edward’s interest in religious reforms have control over the court. of Common Prayer 3. Interested in sport and had been taught to ride 3. Effective government through the Privy 5. Western Rebellion and compete in archery council Somerset's attempts counter coup = 6. Kett’s Rebellion 4. His education continued throughout his reign, stopped by and Somerset 1550 1. John Dudley takes titles of with both Somerset and Northumberland was executed. encouraging his Protestant beliefs. 4. As a result, Northumberland becomes less conciliar in his approach and President of the 3 The 1. Henry VIII’s will set up a Regency Council to 5. Northumberland had control of the Dry Stamp Council Regency govern in Edward’s minority = 16 members, which would affix the King’s signature to 2. Return of Boulogne to the Council and 12 to assist, decisions to be taken by the documents French majority. 2. Balanced between protestants (Hertford, 3 The 1. Plan was created to alter succession. Edward 1552 1. Execution of Duke of Cranmer, Denny) and religious conservatives Devyse VI anxious to ensure continuation of Somerset nd (Wriothesley, Lord St John). Protestantism. 2. Act of Uniformity and 2 3. The great noble families were under- 2. Saw Elizabeth and Mary as Illegitimate represented. 3. was chosen – Edward died 1553 1. Creation of the Devyse 4. Regency council did not last long as it before parliament could meet (6 July 1553) delegated its power to Hertford who was therefore the plan was illegal. 2. Introduction of the Forty- appointed Protector. 4. Northumberland proclaimed LJG as Queen 3 Two Articles of Religion days later. 3. Edward VI dies 4. Lady Jane Grey is queen for 9 days Subject: History Topic: Edward VI Year Group: 13

Key People 3. Foreign Policy 4. Society Edward VI Protestant King of 1547- 1 Foreign 1. Inherited failed foreign policy from Henry VIII 1 What 1. Religious grievances: upset at the introduction 1553. policy 2. Continued the policy of the Rough Wooing to were the of the Book of Common Prayer and the Act of Uncle of the King, Earl of Hertford causes of Uniformity. Edward under and Duke of Somerset. Became Somerset 3. Battle of Pinkie was a success for Somerset Sep the 2. Wanted to reverse the new religious reforms Seymour in 1547 but was 1547. Western 3. Taxation 4. Forts to expensive to garrison and Dunbar and Rebellion? 4. Sheep tax removed by coup in 1549 and Edinburgh were difficult to capture. executed in 1552. Events of 1. Formation of Cornish rebel camp near Bodmin 5. Underestimated France and Edinburgh's 2 and Duke of the Moor John Dudley cooperation. France was able to marry MQS to Northumberland. Lord President of Western 2. Meet up with Rebels at Crediton the heir of the French throne (Aug 1548) the Council from 1550-53. Rebellion 3. Rebels besiege Exeter 6. Led to further economic problems and failed 4. Lord Russell advances on the rebels Archbishop Protestant Archbishop of his objective (marriage of E + MQS) 5. Rebels defeated at Clyst Heath Cranmer Canterbury, responsible for 7. Deterioration of relationship with France in many of the Edwardian reforms 1549 led to threat of war and possibility of 3 What 1. The enclosure system French invasion. were the 2. Dislike towards local land owners and officials Mary, Queen Queen of Scotland. Subject of causes of in East Anglia of Scots the Rough Wooing to marry her 2 Foreign 1. Reduced foreign policy expenditure in order to Kett’s 3. Frustrations with the Howards policy stabilise crown to Edward. Rebellion? under 2. Ended Wars in Scotland and France – returned Sir Michael Key ally of Duke of Somerset and Northumb Boulogne to France 4 Events of 1. Rebels tear down hedges near Wymondham Stanhope keeper of the king. erland 3. Relieved financial pressure and French paid Kett’s 2. Protestors head for Norwich £133,333 - Could have been perceived as a Rebellion 3. Rebels attack Norwich Sir John Gates Key ally of the Duke of humiliating failure 4. Earl of Northampton fails to recapture Norwich Northumberland. 4. Abandoned English garrisons in Scotland, from the rebels financial benefits outweighed any fears about 5. Rebels finally defeated by forces led by the Earl Thomas Uncle to the King and brother of French influence in Scotland of Northumberland. Seymour Somerset. Executed in 1549.

3 What was 1. Foreign policy mainly failed to achieve its aims 5 Impact of 1. Kett convicted of high treason and hanged. Sir Walter Member of council responsible the 2. Mary, Queen of Scots married Dauphin of the 2. The rebellions and the poor dealing with them Mildmay for introducing financial reform impact of France, strengthening the Auld Alliance against Rebellions led to the fall of Somerset. Sir William Councillor who served under Edward’s England. 3. Some of the governments’ attempts to deal Paget Henry VIII, Edward VI & Mary I foreign 3. Foreign policy was incredibly expensive and with the rebels resulted in humiliating failures. policy? resulted in higher taxation. 4. 1549 is argued to be the worst year for Lady Jane Named Edward’s heir in the 4. Return of Boulogne to the French was a rebellions in the whole of the Tudor period humiliating defeat. Grey Devyse. 6 What was 1. Somerset was influenced by John Hales who Guildford Son of Duke of Northumberland the argued enclosure was the root cause of social Dudley and husband of Lady Jane Grey impact of and economic problems. He set up a Enclosure commission to investigate the problem. Princess Protestant half-sister of the king ? 2. This raised the expectations of the poor and Elizabeth excluded from succession. annoyed the landowners. 3. Despite controversy, the rate of enclosure Princess Mary Catholic half-sister of the king seemed to slow down Robert Kett Rebel leader, executed 1549 Subject: History Topic: Edward VI Year Group: 13

5. Economy: 6. Religion and ideas Key Words Definition Body of councillors appointed by the 1 Debasement of 1. Continued the debasement of the 1 Religion 1. Denunciation of images in Regency Council will of Henry VIII to rule on behalf of Coinage coinage that had started in Henry under 2. Royal injunctions issued attacking many Somerset features of popular Catholicism Edward VI. VIII’s reign When a monarch has not yet 2. Northumberland succumbed to one 3. Dissolution of the chantries and religious Minority guilds. reached 18 years old and cannot yet final debasement of the coin before 4. Act of Uniformity ensured the same practices rule independently, it was officially revoked in October took place in church services across England Protectorate The position or period of office of a 1551. 5. Introduction of the first Book of Common Protector (eg Somerset) Prayer written Protestant A Christian who recognizes the 2 What was the 1. A commission was introduced under monarch as the head of the Church. influence of the influence of Mildmay 2 Religion 1. Wanted to continue Somerset’s Protestant Walter 2. It highlighted the failure of royal under reforms Act of Laws passed to ensure uniformity Mildmay? finances and a plan was drawn up Northum 2. Wanted to plunder more of the Church’s Uniformity in church services in England streamline the financial berland wealth administration 3. Second Act of Uniformity, which laid down the Injunction An authoritative warning or order 3. However, this did not come to publication of the second Book of Common fruition until Mary I’s reign. Prayer Chantries Chapels where Masses for the 4. Revised book of Common Prayer introduced – souls of the dead took place 3 Taxation 1. Discontent due to money raised for more radical than the 1549 version 5. Forty-Two Articles of Religion published Agrarian Relating to cultivated land or the Scottish war, this was done through cultivation of land (farming) land sales and borrowing which added to long-term problem of 3 The role 1. Cranmer was initially cautious in religious Sheep tax Tax introduced to deter crown finance. of reforms – first Book of Common Prayer was conversion of arable land to 2. Somerset introduced the sheep tax Archbisho more moderate than the second. pasture to prevent people profiting from p 2. Was keen to avoid an increase in religious Cranmer tension Enclosure Process of fencing in common land converting enclosed land. so as to make it private property 3. This created huge financial pressure 3. From 1550 onwards Cranmer was beginning to move in a more radical direction on small farmers who could not 4. Edward began to work with Cranmer as he Foldcourse Right to graze sheep on an afford this but relied on sheep to became more actively involved in religious enclosed piece of common land support their livelihood. refoms Debasement Lowering the value of a currency 4 Inflation 1. Rate of inflation increased rapidly in 4 What was 1. Evidence from wills suggest that people felt later stages of H8 reign. the there was little point leaving money to the Inflation A general increase in prices and fall 2. Reduction in real wages impact of church. in the purchasing value of money religious 2. Clear that churches attracted less affection 3. Problems worsened under Somerset Real wages The value of income in relation to reforms from their people due to services becoming as he continued H8 disastrous policy prices of goods on the market, of debasing the coinage. plainer, plays and ales suppressed, and guilds abolished. instead of actual money received 4. A poor harvest in 1548 reinforced 3. Less candidates to become an ordained priest, inflationary pressures further. potentially left church with shortage