The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Notification No
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Minutes of 1St. Cabinet Meeting 24Th July, 2011.Pdf
July 29, 2011 All Members of the District Cabinet 305-N1 All Past Council Chairpersons of MD-305 All Past District Governor 305-N1 All Presidents/Secretaries of District 305-N1 15th District Cabinet 305 N-1 Pakistan 2011-12 Minutes of the 1st Cabinet Meeting Held on Sunday July 24, 2011 in Maarki Hall of Hotel Pearl Continental, Lahore. The 1st Cabinet meeting of the year “Lead to Change” was called to order at 1205hr. by Khalid Jamil, District Governor 2011-12 on timely arrival of the Chief Guest PID Naresh Agarwal, Constitutional area 6 & Area Leader GLT 2011-12. The honor of recitation of the verses from Holy Quraan was gracefully accepted by Qari Mushtaq Ali Syed. Shafi Ullah Khan Treasurer International 2011-12 led the house for National Anthem & Oath of Allegiance respectively. National anthem of India was played first and after that National anthem of Pakistan was played. Qari Mushtaq Ali Syed beautifully conducted prayer for Good Health & Prosperity of Lion Leaders, Lions community in Pakistan along with their families, friends & relatives. Regrets received in writing, telephonically & through email were announced and accepted. (Annexure – B). It was conveyed to the cabinet members that any verbal communication regarding regrets in meeting if any, will not be acceptable during this year of “Lead to Change”. All cabinet members signed their roll call with the help of Mr. Khalid Mehmood, (District Office Executive) during the meeting (Annexure – A). The members of newly installed cabinet for the year “Lead to Change” introduced themselves individually in order as requested by Cabinet Secretary, Name, Club name and District Portfolio to save time. -
IQBAL REVIEW Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan
QBAL EVIEW I R Journal of the Iqbal Academy, Pakistan October 2000 Editor Muhammad Suheyl Umar IQBAL ACADEMY PAKISTAN Title : Iqbal Review (October 2000) Editor : Muhammad Suheyl Umar Publisher : Iqbal Academy Pakistan City : Lahore Year : 2000 Classification (DDC) : 105 Classification (IAP) : 8U1.66V12 Pages : 173 Size : 14.5 x 24.5 cm ISSN : 0021-0773 Subjects : Iqbal Studies : Philosophy : Research IQBAL CYBER LIBRARY (www.iqbalcyberlibrary.net) Iqbal Academy Pakistan (www.iap.gov.pk) 6th Floor Aiwan-e-Iqbal Complex, Egerton Road, Lahore. Table of Contents Volume: 41 Iqbal Review: October 2000 Number: 4 1. IQBAL: HIS METAPHYSICAL IDEAS .................................................................. 6 2. THE REHABILITATION OF ISLAMIC THOUGHT ..................................... 17 3. POET AS AETIOLOGIST: TWO POEMS BY IQBAL .................................... 39 4. THE CASE OF MUSLIM SCHOLARSHIP .......................................................... 49 5. MARCH OF TIMES* ................................................................................................. 68 6. ALLAMA IQBAL NEWS, VIEWS AND EVENTS: A SURVEY OF THE ENGLISH NEWSPAPERS OF PAKISTAN DURING 1951 ......................... 100 7. CONCEPT OF MOVEMENT AND NATURE OF SHARI‘AH .................. 137 8. MUHAMMAD IQBAL AND GERMANY ......................................................... 143 9. REFLECTIONS OF ALLAMAH DR. MUHAMMAD IQBAL ON PALESTINE............................................................................................................... 152 -
View/Download List of Eligible Students
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Ehsaas Undergraduate Scholarship Program Phase II 2020-21 Lis of Eligible Candidates for Interview Current Student CNIC S.NO. Name of the candidate Father Name Class/Program Semester No 1 Tayyiba Asif Rana Asif Munir Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110192000189 2 Iqra Zulfiqar Zulfiqar Ali Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110420638024 3 Sahar Muskan Zulfiqar Ali Shahzad Applied Psychology BWN 1 3660130780754 4 Fariyal Fatima Ghulam Mustafa Applied Psychology BWN 2 3110166006484 5 Areeba Hafeez HAFEEZ UR REHMAN Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110191149604 6 Maryam Kisana Khalid M. Khalid Applied Psychology BWN 2 3110261061952 7 Umm e Habiba Ghulam Ghous Applied Psychology BWN 2 3110244659870 8 MUQADDAS RAZZAQ ABDUL RAZZAQ NADEEM Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110527974782 9 Aymen Sarwar Muhammad Sarwar Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110263291322 10 RIMSHA AMJAD Amjad Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110136757312 11 Ayesha Khan Abdul Basit Khan Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110173068070 12 AQSA ASIF MUHAMMAD ASIF Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110104899704 13 Tayyaba Iman Muhammad Aman Applied Psychology BWN 2 5440047575246 14 Asfa Zafar baloch Muhammad Zafar Applied Psychology BWN 2 3110504822404 15 AMINA TAHIR SHAHBAZ GHANFAZAR Applied Psychology BWN 1 3110436376392 16 Maria Liaqat Liaqat Ali BBA BWN 1 3110104463878 17 AHTSHAM ULHAQ ALLAH DITTA BBA BWN 1 3110154336021 18 Muhammad Mughees Ashar Nasir Raza BBA BWN 1 3110155817249 19 FAIZAN AKRAM MUHAMMAD AKRAM JAVEED BBA BWN 1 3110197763571 20 Azhar Mehmood Abdul Razzaq BBA BWN 2 3110598263477 -
The Dawn of New Era in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Abdul Qaiyum Khan Chief Ministership 1947-53
THE DAWN OF NEW ERA IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: ABDUL QAIYUM KHAN CHIEF MINISTERSHIP 1947-53 SYED MINHAJ UL HASSAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE, QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD - 2015 THE DAWN OF NEW ERA IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA: ABDUL QAIYUM KHAN CHIEF MINISTERSHIP 1947-53 NIHCR Publication No.170 Copyright 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication can be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing from the Director, National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research, Centre of Excellence, Quaid-i-Azam University. Enquiries concerning reproduction should be sent to NIHCR at the address below: National Institute of Historical and Cultural Research Centre of Excellence, New Campus, Quaid-i-Azam University P.O. Box 1230, Islamabad-44000. Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Website: www.nihcr.edu.pk Published by Muhammad Munir Khawar, Publication Officer Printed at M/s. Roohani Art Press, Blue Area, Islamabad. Price Pak: Rs.600/- SAARC Countries: Rs.800/- ISBN: 978-969-415-111-3 US$ 15/- Dedicated to My Parents, Wife and Children Aitezaz, Sania, and Ahmad LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN ENDNOTES FGGEO: N-W.F.P. Governor-General Extra Ordinary GOPG: Government of Pakistan Gazette LAD: N-W.F.P. Legislative Assembly Debates, Peshawar NA: National Archives Islamabad NDC: National Documentation Centre, Islamabad PA: North-West Frontier Province Archives, Peshawar PAGG: N-W.F.P. Archives, Government Gazette PGG: N-W.F.P. Government Gazette PGGED: N-W.F.P. -
Books Asia Stock List
Books Asia - Stock List - a leading supplier of multi-cultural books to Public Libraries and Educational Authorities across the world 107 Manningham Lane Bradford West Yorkshire 01 March 2009 BD1 3BN England Stock List shows all items (4997 of 14218) matching criteria : where BookType = 'NF' and age_group = 'A' and (Media = 'Book') - Sorted by : Seq_Number Tel : +44 (0)1274 - 721871 Fax : +44 (0)1274 - 738323 Mobile : +44 (0)7949 - 782790 Email : [email protected] SEQ TITLE AUTHOR DESCRIPTION TYPE / AGE / LANG / ORIG / PGS / FMAT / YOP PRICE 143 Othello Shakespeare, WilliamDrama NF A B BH 1986 £2.00 293 English to bengali dictionary Dev, A. T. Dictionary/English-BengaliNF A B IH 1989 £12.90 294 Bengali to english dictionary Dev, A. T. Dictionary/Bengali-EnglishNF A B IH 1989 £12.50 515 Hajrat boropir Rehman, JalilurReligious/Islam biography NF A B B328 H 1987 £5.20 702 Ovidhaan Quyaum, AbdulLiterature NF A B BH 0 £1.20 728 Shoncheetaa Islam, Kazi NazrulPoetry NF A B BH 1991 £3.25 732 Bangla shahitter ruprekha Haidar, GopalLiterature NF A B BH 1974 £2.50 923 Moksedul momenin Rehman, K. M. G.Religious/Islam/hadis NF A B BH 1985 £6.00 937 Banglar probad porichity - book 2 Pathan, M. H.Literature NF A B BH 1985 £5.00 947 Lok shahitto shonkolon Khan, M. A.Literature NF A B BH 1985 £4.00 949 Kahini kingbodonti Fariduddin, M.Literature NF A B BH 1986 £1.20 951 B'desher shahitto - proshongo Hussain, S. A.Literature NF A B BH 1985 £4.40 954 Bangla probondha porichoy Siddique, J. -
SR. No. Registration No. Name of Student Program Name Academic
SR. No. Registration No. Name of Student Program Name Academic Year Year of Passing 1 200400002 Girish Shrishel Utturi PGDBA 2004 03-05-2007 2 200400008 Anuradha Allur PGDBA 2004 14-05-2008 3 200400010 Rupam Chatterjee PGDBA 2004 30-04-2007 4 200400011 M. P. Singh PGDBA 2004 30-04-2007 5 200400015 Dhruti Rameshchandra Thakker PGDBA 2004 25-04-2007 6 200400016 Haresh Gianani PGDBA 2004 27-04-2007 7 200400019 Sirisha Sharma PGDBA 2004 31-08-2007 8 200400026 Piyush Johar PGDBA 2004 25-04-2007 9 200400032 Sanjeev Ramakant Laghate PGDBA 2004 17-07-2008 10 200400037 Siddhi Ashok Godbole PGDBA 2004 27-04-2007 11 200400045 Vidhin Niranjanbhai Gandhi PGDBA 2004 03-04-2009 12 200400054 Shamika Govind Kulkarni PGDBA 2004 29-01-2009 13 200400059 Swapnali Vilas Kanikdaley PGDBA 2004 30-06-2007 14 200400070 Rajesh Adinath Kapse PGDBA 2004 09-12-2008 15 200400071 Prakash Natarajan PGDBA 2004 17-04-2008 16 200400079 Jyotilaxmi Nagesh Vaidya PGDBA 2004 30-06-2007 17 200400086 Easchnna Sachdeva PGDBA 2004 13-02-2007 18 200400095 Rati Sharma PGDBA 2004 09-12-2008 19 200400097 Samiksha Dixit PGDBA 2004 03-04-2009 20 200400114 Sheela Hulikal PGDBA 2004 13-02-2007 21 200400120 Vidhyalakshmi Raamanujam PGDBA 2004 13-02-2007 22 200400122 Anita Kumari PGDBA 2004 14-08-2009 23 200400125 Naveen Beerapa PGDBA 2004 13-01-2010 24 200400128 Sameer Gujral PGDBA 2004 28-07-2007 25 200400129 Sam Mathew PGDBA 2004 29-01-2009 26 200400131 Vijay Anni Kunder PGDBA 2004 10-03-2010 27 200400132 Vineet Hemraj PGDBA 2004 09-12-2008 28 200400133 Venkatesh Raghunathan PGDBA 2004 -
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Notification No
The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Notification No. 24/CS M.A Urdu and Iqbaliyat (Composite) First Annual Examination, 2018 It is hereby notified that the result of the following candidates of the Master of science (Final) First Annual Examination, 2018 held in October, 2018 in the subject of Mathematics has been declared as imder:- Maximum Marks in this Examination : 1100 Minimum Pass Marks : 40 % This notification is issued as a notice only. Errors and omissions excepted. An entry appearing in it does not in itself confer any right or privilege independently to the grant of a proper Certificate/Degree Which will be issued under the Regulations in due Course. Appeared: 6396 Passed: 1360 Pass Percentage: 21.26% Roll No. Reg No. Name Father's Name Result MarksDiv. Fail in Chance Objection 33001 2012-IBNC-100 Maida Saifullah Saif Ullah Fail II III V VI VII R/A till A-20 33002 2001-IUB-1365 Sidra Naz Muhammad Hussain Akhter Fail I II III IV V VI VII X XII R/A till A-20 33003 2000-WBN-76 Shazia Manzoor Manzoor Ahmad Fail II V VI VII R/A till A-20 33004 11-WBN-284 Bushra Maqsood Ahmed Fail II V VI VIII XI R/A till A-20 NIC 33005 2014-CCM-90 Amina Bilal Muhammad Bilal Fail II III V VI R/A till A-20 33006 18-IB.m-595 Mehnaz Ahmad Ahmad Din Fail II III V VI VII VIII IX R/A till A-20 BA Degree/Migration 33007 04-IB.b-325 Irshad Bibi Muhammd Ismail Fail II V VI VII VIII IX XII R/A till A-20 33008 2014-WBN-357 Nazia Perveen Zulfiqar Ali Fail II V VI VIII R/A till A-20 33009 04-WBN-235 Saima Rehman Abdul Rehman Fail II V VI VII R/A till A-20 33010 -
ARMY BURN HALL COLLEGE for BOYS Urdu Literature Ser Book Title Author Quantity 1 Iqbal As a Thinker Sh
ARMY BURN HALL COLLEGE FOR BOYS Urdu Literature Ser Book Title Author Quantity 1 Iqbal As a Thinker Sh. Muammad Ashraf 1 2 The Poet of the East: the Stiry of Muhammad Iqbal Sharif Al Mujahid 1 3 A Massage from the East M. Hadi Hussain 1 4 Some Aspects of Iqbal's Thought Asif Iqbal Khan 1 5 The Work of Muhammad Iqbal Abdur Rauf Malik 2 6 Iqbal ki Shakhseyat our Shaeri Mujmooa Maqalaat Prof. Hameed Ahmad Khan 1 7 Iqbal ka Zehni Irteqa Dr. Ghulam Hussain Zulfiqar 1 8 Iqbal our Wajoode Zan Dr. Nasreen Akhtar 1 9 Iqbal our Socialism Justice S. A. Rahman 1 10 Mataleb Bale Jebreel Mulana Ghulam Rasool Maher 4 11 Mataleb Zarbe Kaleem Mulana Ghulam Rasool Maher 2 12 Bangi Dara Mulana Ghulam Rasool Maher 1 13 Bale Jebreel Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 1 14 Armaghane Hejaz Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 2 15 Zaboore Ajam Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 2 16 Peyame Mashriq Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 1 17 Masnave Pus Che Bayed Kerd Ma'a Musafer Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 1 18 Pas Che Bayed Kerd Ay Aqwame Sharq Ma'a MusafeDr. Muhammad Iqbal 1 19 Iqbal Ki Taweel Nazmain Dr. Rafi Uddin Hashmi 1 20 Roohe Iqbal Dr. Yousaf Hussain Khan 1 21 Fekre Iqbal Ky Munawar Goshy Saleem Akhter 1 22 Quran Our Iqbal Abu Muhammad Musleh 1 23 Iqbal Ky Khatoot Janah ky Naam Muhammad Jhangir Alam 1 24 Iqbal Quiz Zaki Ahmad Zaki 1 25 Falsafaye Ajam Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 1 26 Qole Iqbal Aziz Ahmad 1 27 Taefe Iqbal Mumtaz Manglori 1 28 Bayade Iqbal Maqalaat Sange Meel 1 29 Hayat Allama Iqbal our Dohazar Sawalat Muhammad kaleem Arayian 1 30 Iqbal Ka Encyclopedia Atash Durani 1 31 Intekhabe Kulyate Iqbal Dr. -
To See the Reference Books : Kashmir Collection
REFERENCE BOOKS : KASHMIR COLLECTION S.No. Acc. No. Title Author 1 1 Short walk in Hindukush Newby, Eric 2 2 New Russian Short Stories Not Mentioned 3 3 Three Japanese Plays Ernest 4 4 Races and Cultures of India Majumdar 5 7 Pathans Caroe, Olaf 6 8 Sleepwalkers Koestler, Arthur 7 9 Sanskrit Language Burrow, T 8 10 Idealist view of life Radhakrishnan, S 9 11 Rape of Europe Corral, Luis 10 12 Uneasy Heads Boua, Geoffrey 11 13 Islam and the modern age Lichtenstadler 12 14 Piccasso Not Mentioned 13 15 Founding of the Kashmir State Panikar 14 16 Moslems on the march Fernan, F 15 18 Handbook of Mohammadan Art Dimand 16 19 speeches of Maulana Azad Not Mentioned 17 20 History of Philosophy:Eastern & Western Radhakrishnan, S 18 21 History of Russia Pares, Sir Bernard 19 22 guardians: The men who ruled India W, Philips 20 23 Studies in Indian Music Rao, T.S. Subha 21 24 Buddha's Philosophy Allen G.F 22 25 Survey of Indian history Panikar 23 26 Dewan-e-Mir Taqi Mir Jaffery, Sardar 24 28 Urdu Zuban ka irtiqa Sabzwari, Showkat 25 30 Drama nigari ka Fan Qureshi, Mohammad Aslam 26 31 Urdu -e-Muala (Lisaniyat No.) Khawaja, A Farooqi 27 32 Kazak Khadija Azim 28 33 Jadeed Shora-e-Urdu Abdul Waheed 29 34 Makhzan Adab Abdul Qadir 30 35 Mehtab-e-Daag Hassan, Sibtul S 31 38 Kalmoohi Hussain, Abid 32 41 Francisi Adab Khan, Yousuf 33 42 Gandhi aur Nehru ki Rah Hussain, Abid 34 43 Urdu Theatre Nami, Abdul Aleem 35 44 Mazhab-e-Ishq Lahori, Nihal Chand 36 45 Qawaid-e- zuban-e-Urdu Gilchrist 37 46 Sahar- hone- tak Abrol,Ram. -
SPECIAL BALL POINT WINNERS 30Th IKMC - 2020
SPECIAL BALL POINT WINNERS 30th IKMC - 2020 SR. NO. ROLL NO. STUDENT NAME FATHER NAME CLASS 1 20-021-01160-1-007-M AAHIL ALI DHANANI HABIBULLAH DHANANI 1 2 20-61-01712-1-016-M AAHIL ASGHAR MUHAMMAD ASGHAR 1 3 20-42-02839-1-023-M AAHIL MOIZ MOIZ TARIQ 1 4 20-051-02707-1-029-M AAHIL UL HAQ NAVEED UL HAQ 1 5 20-051-02394-1-003-M AAILA NASEEM SHOAIB YOUNAS 1 6 20-051-01271-1-013-M AAIMA KHAN UMAR MAHMOOD KHAN 1 7 20-021-01544-1-019-M AAIRA BHOJANI ABDUL BASIT BHOJANI 1 8 20-42-01489-1-015-M AAIRAH ADEEL ADEEL ASHRAF 1 9 20-051-02707-1-009-M AAIZA ADEEL ADEEL A. MALIK 1 10 20-021-01544-1-075-M AAMENAH FAZAL AHMED 1 11 20-022-02698-1-005-M AAMNA ALI KHATRI MOHAMMAD ALI KHATRI 1 12 20-42-02136-1-012-M AAMNA AMIR AMIR IJAZ 1 13 20-021-01160-1-034-M AARAF HUMAIR 1 14 20-543-01119-1-008-M AARAIZ ZULQURNAIN ZULQURNAIN YOUSAF 1 15 20-51-01398-1-013-M AARON STEPHEN STEPHEN YOUSAF 1 16 20-051-02798-1-002-M AASHIR NADEEM NADEEM KHAN 1 17 20-051-01811-1-001-M AASIYA MUBASHAR AL HASAN MUBASHAR HASAN 1 18 20-021-01474-1-006-M AAYAN ABDULLAH KHAN ABDUL KALAM KHAN 1 19 20-021-02389-1-009-M AAYAN AHMED AHMED FAWAD 1 20 20-42-01237-1-044-M AAYAN SARWAR MIAN RIZWAN SARWAR 1 21 20-021-01544-1-235-M ABAAN MADNI 1 22 20-021-01544-1-239-M ABAAN MOHSIN 1 23 20-051-01575-1-011-M ABAN AHMAD KHAN AWAIS AHMAD KHAN 1 24 20-051-02200-1-002-M ABANULLAH KHAN ASAD KHAN 1 25 20-57-02858-1-001-M ABASIN GUL NASEEB GUL 1 *Note: Less than 40% score achieved in the respective class SPECIAL BALL POINT WINNERS 30th IKMC - 2020 SR. -
Qadyaniat Defeated in the Parliament
Qadyaniat Defeated in the Parliament Detailed Proceedings of National Assembly Sessions on the issue in 1974 Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar QADIYANIAT Defeated in the Parliament A complete account of the proceedings of the National Assembly regarding declaration of Qadianis as Non – Muslims. Reproduced by Sani H. Panhwar Qadyaniat Defeated in the Parliament © www.sanipanhwar.com 1 INTRODUCTION After the fall of Muslim Empire in India in mid-1800s many reformist Muslim movements emerged Ahmadiyya movement was one of them. It was founded in 1889 by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, who claimed he was under divine instruction to fulfill the major prophecies contained in Islamic and other sacred texts regarding a world reformer who would unite humanity. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad announced to Christians awaiting the second coming of Jesus, Muslims anticipating the Mahdi, Hindus expecting Krishna, and Buddhists searching for Buddha, that he was the promised messiah for them all, commissioned by God to rejuvenate true faith. After his death the Ahmadiyya split into two sects: the ‘Qadianis’ and the ‘Lahoris’. The Qadianis claimed that Mirza was a prophet, and accused all Muslims who did not accept him as being non-Muslims. In 1914 Ahmadiyya leader, Mirza Muhammad Ahmad, began to publicly declare that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was a messiah and those Muslims who disagreed with this were infidels. on May 22 1974 a train stopped at Rabwa, (Jamaat-e-Islami) JI students got out and began to raise slogans against the Ahmadiyya and cursed the community’s spiritual figurehead, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. The train then left the station taking the charged students to Peshawar. -
Role of Biradari System in Power Politics of Lahore: Post-Independence Period
ROLE OF BIRADARI SYSTEM IN POWER POLITICS OF LAHORE: POST-INDEPENDENCE PERIOD A thesis submitted for candidature of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Muhammad Ibrahim 2009 Department of Political Science & International Relations Bahauddin Zakariya University MULTAN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The idea to initiate research on biradari politics of Lahore is given by Dr. Khalid Aftab, the Vice Chancellor Government College University Lahore. I thank him for setting me on this path. He always encouraged me and continually guided me in spite of his heavy official responsibilities. I owe a great debt of gratitude to him. I owe an inestimable debt of gratitude to Professor Francis Robinson, Royal Holloway College University of London. He is so kind, generous and encouraging who actually trimmed me and my research on right path. He spared ample time for me even of his very busy schedule and after every meeting with him I felt a new energy and enthusiasm in myself. I have deep regards for my supervisor Professor Ishtiaq Ahmed Chaudhry. He continually guided me. His valuable advice helped me in giving a final shape to the thesis. I am fortunate to find friends at London whose support in initiating my research is a great worth to me. Dr Avril Powell (SOAS), Markus Daechsel (Royal Holloway College), Yasmin Khan (Royal Holloway College), Amna Khalid (Oxford), Ravindar Kaur and Justine Taylor (archivist, Honourable Artillery Company). Many thanks to them for their long discussions and listening patiently to my research work at the cafeteria of British Library London. I would like to express my deep regards for Professor Gilmartin, Ian Talbot and Mathew Nelson those gave me new ideas and approach towards the study of biradari politics.