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Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-Kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L
Western Washington University Western CEDAR A Collection of Open Access Books and Books and Monographs Monographs 2008 Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal David L. Curley Western Washington University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks Part of the Near Eastern Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Curley, David L., "Poetry and History: Bengali Maṅgal-kābya and Social Change in Precolonial Bengal" (2008). A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs. 5. https://cedar.wwu.edu/cedarbooks/5 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Books and Monographs at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in A Collection of Open Access Books and Monographs by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Table of Contents Acknowledgements. 1. A Historian’s Introduction to Reading Mangal-Kabya. 2. Kings and Commerce on an Agrarian Frontier: Kalketu’s Story in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 3. Marriage, Honor, Agency, and Trials by Ordeal: Women’s Gender Roles in Candimangal. 4. ‘Tribute Exchange’ and the Liminality of Foreign Merchants in Mukunda’s Candimangal. 5. ‘Voluntary’ Relationships and Royal Gifts of Pan in Mughal Bengal. 6. Maharaja Krsnacandra, Hinduism and Kingship in the Contact Zone of Bengal. 7. Lost Meanings and New Stories: Candimangal after British Dominance. Index. Acknowledgements This collection of essays was made possible by the wonderful, multidisciplinary education in history and literature which I received at the University of Chicago. It is a pleasure to thank my living teachers, Herman Sinaiko, Ronald B. -
Colonial Transformation in the District of Sheikhupura, 1849-1947
Iram Naseer Ahmad* COLONIAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE DISTRICT OF SHEIKHUPURA, 1849-1947 Abstract This research paper analyses the British colonial transformation in the district of Sheikhupura. The geographical, revenue, judicial and administrative changes have been understood in the sense of establishing a controlled society in the district. This paper sheds light on colonial changes in the district of Sheikhupura under the British raj from 1857 to 1947. The phenomenon of introducing a new administrative and revenue mechanism in Sheikhupura was a project that was not detached from imperialistic ambitions and designs of colonial power in whole of India. The new colonial administrative system, including the reorganization and demarcation of boundaries and setting up centralized administrative machinery particularly a strong revenue, police, and judicial system. Ironically, it was devised to effectively protect the “world monopoly of industrial production” in the British India. It was enforced effectively by a reconstitution of the power structure of the land which meant search for new allies. At the end the article examines the origin of new towns and tehsils in Sheikhupura after the advent of British rule. It observes that British colonialism altered the whole scenario in Sheikhupura which was considered of crucially important for initial colonial control in this district. Keywords: Sheikhupura, British, Imperialism, colonialism The era of British colonialism in the district of Sheikhupura has been divided into three stages. The first stage of colonialism stretches from 1600 to 1757, it deals with the period of monopoly of natural trade and extraction of revenue.1In this stage British traders monopolized the trade with the other European traders as well. -
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam
The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam Muhammad Iqbal The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam written by Muhammad Iqbal Published in 1930. Copyright © 2009 Dodo Press and its licensors. All Rights Reserved. CONTENTS • Preface • Knowledge and Religious Experience • The Philosophical Test of the Revelations of Religious Experience • The Conception of God and the Meaning of Prayer • The Human Ego - His Freedom and Immortality • The Spirit of Muslim Culture • The Principle of Movement in the Structure of Islam • Is Religion Possible? PREFACE The Qur‘an is a book which emphasizes ‘deed‘ rather than ‘idea‘. There are, however, men to whom it is not possible organically to assimilate an alien universe by re-living, as a vital process, that special type of inner experience on which religious faith ultimately rests. Moreover, the modern man, by developing habits of concrete thought - habits which Islam itself fostered at least in the earlier stages of its cultural career - has rendered himself less capable of that experience which he further suspects because of its liability to illusion. The more genuine schools of Sufism have, no doubt, done good work in shaping and directing the evolution of religious experience in Islam; but their latter-day representatives, owing to their ignorance of the modern mind, have become absolutely incapable of receiving any fresh inspiration from modern thought and experience. They are perpetuating methods which were created for generations possessing a cultural outlook differing, in important respects, from our own. ‘Your creation and resurrection,‘ says the Qur‘an, ‘are like the creation and resurrection of a single soul.‘ A living experience of the kind of biological unity, embodied in this verse, requires today a method physiologically less violent and psychologically more suitable to a concrete type of mind. -
Religious Extremism and Sectarianism in Pakistan: JRSP, Vol
Religious Extremism and Sectarianism in Pakistan: JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Samina Yasmeen1 Fozia Umar2 Religious Extremism and Sectarianism in Pakistan: An Appraisal Abstract Pakistan, which was created on the basis of religion have had to face sectarian violence and religious intolerance from the very beginning. This article offers an in-depth analysis of sectarianism and religious intolerance and their direct role in the current chaotic state of Pakistan. This article revolves around the two main research questions including the role of religion in the state of Pakistan as well as the evidences depicting sectarian violence in Pakistan. The main objective is to analyze the future situation of the rampant sectarian condition in the society and to study the role of Pakistan’s government so far. Qualitative methodology using primary as well as secondary sources are used to gather the data. Post-dictatorship era, after 2007, is being analyzed in this article, keeping in view the history of sectarian violence, future and stability of the state. Last comments lead to the recommendations and ways to tackle the sectarian divide and religious extremism. The researchers conclude that religion is core at the Pakistan’s nationalism however, religious extremism weakens national and social cohesion and also divides loyalties. There is a need for strict blasphemy laws, banning hate speeches which incites the violence and most importantly, eradicating poverty and unemployment, so no foreign elements can bribe anyone for sectarian terror within the state. Introduction Pakistan was a country that was created on the basis of religion, its main goal was to provide a homeland for Muslims where they will live in freedom and harmony and it was established that it will be governed according to the principles set by Islam. -
The Layha for the Mujahideen: an Analysis of the Code of Conduct for the Taliban Fighters Under Islamic Law
Volume 93 Number 881 March 2011 The Layha for the Mujahideen:an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Muhammad Munir* Dr.Muhammad Munir is Associate Professor and Chairman,Department of Law, Faculty of Shari‘a and Law, International Islamic University, Islamabad. Abstract The following article focuses on the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan Rules for the Mujahideen** to determine their conformity with the Islamic jus in bello. This code of conduct, or Layha, for Taliban fighters highlights limiting suicide attacks, avoiding civilian casualties, and winning the battle for the hearts and minds of the local civilian population. However, it has altered rules or created new ones for punishing captives that have not previously been used in Islamic military and legal history. Other rules disregard the principle of distinction between combatants and civilians and even allow perfidy, which is strictly prohibited in both Islamic law and international humanitarian law. The author argues that many of the Taliban rules have only a limited basis in, or are wrongly attributed to, Islamic law. * The help of Andrew Bartles-Smith, Prof. Brady Coleman, Major Nasir Jalil (retired), Ahmad Khalid, and Dr. Marty Khan is acknowledged. The quotations from the Qur’an in this work are taken, unless otherwise indicated, from the English translation by Muhammad Asad, The Message of the Qur’an, Dar Al-Andalus, Redwood Books, Trowbridge, Wiltshire, 1984, reprinted 1997. ** The full text of the Layha is reproduced as an annex at the end of this article. doi:10.1017/S1816383111000075 81 M. Munir – The Layha for the Mujahideen: an analysis of the code of conduct for the Taliban fighters under Islamic law Do the Taliban qualify as a ‘non-state armed group’? Since this article deals with the Layha,1 it is important to know whether the Taliban in Afghanistan, as a fighting group, qualify as a ‘non-state Islamic actor’. -
Information Technology in Libraries. a Pakistani Perspective. ISBN ISBN-969-8133-21-6 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 255P.; Introduction by Aris Khurshid
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 425 749 IR 057 248 AUTHOR Mahmood, Khalid TITLE Information Technology in Libraries. A Pakistani Perspective. ISBN ISBN-969-8133-21-6 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 255p.; Introduction by Aris Khurshid. AVAILABLE FROM Pak Book Corporation, 2825 Wilcrest, Suite 255, Houston, TX 77042; e-mail: [email protected] (Rs. 395). PUB TYPE Books (010)-- Information Analyses (070)-- Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Cataloging; *Computer Software; Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; Higher Education; *Information Technology; Integrated Library Systems; Librarians; *Libraries: *Library Automation; *Library DeveloiInent; Library Education; Library Services; Literature Reviews; Online Catalogs; Professional Continuing Education IDENTIFIERS *Library Computer Systems; Library Security; *Pakistan ABSTRACT This book presents an overview of the present status of the use of library automation hardware and software in Pakistan. The following 20 articles are included: (1) "The Status of Library Automation in Pakistan"; (2) "Promoting Information Technology in Pakistan: the Netherlands Library Development Project"; (3) "Library Software in Pakistan"; (4) "The Best Library Software for Developing Countries: More than 30 Plus Points of Micro CDS/ISIS [Computerized Documentation System/Integrated Set of Information Systems]"; (5) "Micro CDS/ISIS: What's New in Version 3.0"; (6) "Use of Micro CDS/ISIS in Pakistan: A Survey"; (7) "Do You Need a Lamp To Enlighten Your Library: An Introduction to Library Automation -
Pakistan Studies) Courses
PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO M.PHIL (PAKISTAN STUDIES) COURSES Course work required for M.Phil (Pakistan Studies) is consisted of the following six courses-two semester. The credit hours for each course are given below: Paper Course Title of the Course Credit Marks No. Hours 1ST SEMESTER I PSC-800 Studies on Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah 4 100 II PSC-801 Political Parties in Pakistan 4 100 III PSC-802 Pakistan and the World 4 100 IV PSC-803 Research Methodology 4 100 2ND SEMESTER V PSC-804 Studies on the Freedom Fighters 4 100 VI PSC-805 Studies on Subsidiary Movements of Indo-Pak 4 100 - 1 - PAKISTAN STUDY CENTRE, UNIVERSITY OF SINDH, JAMSHORO STUDIES ON QUAID-I-AZAM MOHAMMAD ALI JINNAH M.PHIL PAKISTAN STUDIES The course will focus on the life, career and his struggle for a separate homeland of Muslims with special reference to his role as a parliamentarian, politician, leader of masses, nation builder, ideologue and his vision for Pakistan. COURSE NO.PSC-800 PAPER-I 1ST SEMESTER Family Background & Early Lifep 1. Family background and Birth of Jinnah 2. Early Education 3. Karachi 4. Bombay 5. Karachi 6. Marriage Education in London 1. Lincoln's Inn, London 2. Life in England 3. Early Influences As A Barrister 1. As a Barrister and Advocate of Bombay High Court 1896 2. Entry into Politics 1897-1906 Emergence as an All-India Leader 1906-1913 1. His Role in the Congress 2. Pleads Muslim Waqf Issue 3. Joining All-India Muslim League Leader of Both Congress and the Muslim League 1913-1920 1. -
The Khilafat Movement in India 1919-1924
THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT IN INDIA 1919-1924 VERHANDELINGEN VAN HET KONINKLIJK INSTITUUT VOOR T AAL-, LAND- EN VOLKENKUNDE 62 THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT IN INDIA 1919-1924 A. C. NIEMEIJER THE HAGUE - MAR TINUS NIJHOFF 1972 I.S.B.N.90.247.1334.X PREFACE The first incentive to write this book originated from a post-graduate course in Asian history which the University of Amsterdam organized in 1966. I am happy to acknowledge that the university where I received my training in the period from 1933 to 1940 also provided the stimulus for its final completion. I am greatly indebted to the personal interest taken in my studies by professor Dr. W. F. Wertheim and Dr. J. M. Pluvier. Without their encouragement, their critical observations and their advice the result would certainly have been of less value than it may be now. The same applies to Mrs. Dr. S. C. L. Vreede-de Stuers, who was prevented only by ill-health from playing a more active role in the last phase of preparation of this thesis. I am also grateful to professor Dr. G. F. Pijper who was kind enough to read the second chapter of my book and gave me valuable advice. Beside this personal and scholarly help I am indebted for assistance of a more technical character to the staff of the India Office Library and the India Office Records, and also to the staff of the Public Record Office, who were invariably kind and helpful in guiding a foreigner through the intricacies of their libraries and archives. -
THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL for the 66TH SESSION (1994-95) PRESIDENT Engr
Pakistan Engineering Congress in Retrospect (1912 – 2012) Centenary Celebration 587 PAKISTAN ENGINEERING CONGRESS 66TH ANNUAL SESSION THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL FOR THE 66TH SESSION (1994-95) PRESIDENT Engr. Mazhar Ali VICE PRESIDENT 1. Engr. Ehsan Ullah Sardar 9. Engr. Zafar-ullah Khan 2. Engr. Khalid Latif Khawaja 10. Engr. Syed Akhtar Ali Shah 3. Engr. Ashraf A. Kureshi 11. Engr. Khalid Habib 4. Engr. Dr. Ikram-ul-Haq Dar 12. Engr. Muhammad Rafiq Shad 5. Engr. Mrs. Naheed Ghazanfar 13. Engr. A. R. Memon 6. Engr. Ch. Ikram-ullah 14. Engr. Abdur Razik Khan 7. Engr. Abdul Khaliq Khan 15. Engr. Fateh-ullah Khan 8. Engr. Javed Ahmad Malik OFFICE BEARERS 1. Engr. Dr. Izhar-ul-Haq Secretary 2. Engr. Capt. (R) Muhammad Qadir Khan Joint Secretary 3. Engr. Iftikhar-ul-Haq Treasurer 4. Engr. Mian Mazhar-ul-Haque Publicity Secretary 5. Engr. Rana Muhammad Saeed Ahmad Khan Business Manager 6. Engr. Sh. Nisar-ul-Haque Chief Editor, Engg. News Journal EXECUTIVE COUNCIL MEMBERS 1. Engr. Rana Allah Dad Khan (Immediate Past 21. Engr. M. L. Hussain Tariq President) 2. Engr. Ikram-ul-Haq 22. Engr. Ch. Muhammad Ashraf 3. Engr. Ch. Haider Ali 23. Engr. M. Javed Iqbal Malik 4. Engr. Syed Ali Gohar Shah 24. Engr. Tahir Anjum Qureshi 5. Engr. Muhammad Nijat Khan 25. Engr. Usman Akram 6. Engr. Ch. Muhammad Amin 26. Engr. Shafaat Ahmad Qureshi 7. Engr. Mian Abdul Ghaffar 27. Engr. A. H. Zaidi 8. Engr. Dr. Bagh Ali Shahid 28. Engr. S. N. H. Mashhadi 9. Engr. S. M. A. Zaidi 29. Engr. Ch. -
01720Joya Chatterji the Spoil
This page intentionally left blank The Spoils of Partition The partition of India in 1947 was a seminal event of the twentieth century. Much has been written about the Punjab and the creation of West Pakistan; by contrast, little is known about the partition of Bengal. This remarkable book by an acknowledged expert on the subject assesses partition’s huge social, economic and political consequences. Using previously unexplored sources, the book shows how and why the borders were redrawn, as well as how the creation of new nation states led to unprecedented upheavals, massive shifts in population and wholly unexpected transformations of the political landscape in both Bengal and India. The book also reveals how the spoils of partition, which the Congress in Bengal had expected from the new boundaries, were squan- dered over the twenty years which followed. This is an original and challenging work with findings that change our understanding of parti- tion and its consequences for the history of the sub-continent. JOYA CHATTERJI, until recently Reader in International History at the London School of Economics, is Lecturer in the History of Modern South Asia at Cambridge, Fellow of Trinity College, and Visiting Fellow at the LSE. She is the author of Bengal Divided: Hindu Communalism and Partition (1994). Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society 15 Editorial board C. A. BAYLY Vere Harmsworth Professor of Imperial and Naval History, University of Cambridge, and Fellow of St Catharine’s College RAJNARAYAN CHANDAVARKAR Late Director of the Centre of South Asian Studies, Reader in the History and Politics of South Asia, and Fellow of Trinity College GORDON JOHNSON President of Wolfson College, and Director, Centre of South Asian Studies, University of Cambridge Cambridge Studies in Indian History and Society publishes monographs on the history and anthropology of modern India. -
The Working of the Cabinet System in Punjab Under Shahbaz Sharif, 12008-2013, an Overview
Tayyaba RabbaniI Farzana ArshadII THE WORKING OF THE CABINET SYSTEM IN PUNJAB UNDER SHAHBAZ SHARIF, 12008-2013, AN OVERVIEW Introduction Much has been written on the national history of Pakistan, but the regional history is overlooked and this paper attempts to explore the provincial history of the Punjab. This study deals with the formation and the working of the Cabinet System in the province of the Punjab under the chief minister ship of Mian Shahbaz Sharif in 2008-2012). On 8 June 2008, Shahbaz Sharif became Chief Minister of Punjab and remained in office till the new general elections in 2013. The history of the cabinet system during the period under study was divided into two phases. First period is a period of a coalition government when Shahbaz Sharif formed the government with the help of Pakistan people’s Party at the Centre and also in the province, which remained in office from on 8 June 2008 to 25 February 2011. The second period he headed the single party cabinet on 25 February 2011 to 2013. The institution of the Cabinet plays very important role in parliamentary form of Government. During the period under study, it proved as instrumental in bringing remarkable reforms in the province, which enabled the Muslim League party to win an election not only in the province of the Punjab but also at the National level. The word good governance was used to describe the working of the province of the Punjab when the governments in other provinces failed to deliver as successfully as the government of the Punjab. -
CC-12:HISTORY of INDIA(1750S-1857) II.EXPANSION and CONSOLIDATION of COLONIAL POWER
CC-12:HISTORY OF INDIA(1750s-1857) II.EXPANSION AND CONSOLIDATION OF COLONIAL POWER: (A) MERCANTILISM,FOREIGN TRADE AND EARLY FORMS OF EXTRACTION FROM BENGAL The coming of the Europeans to the Indian subcontinent was an event of great significance as it ultimately led to revolutionary changes in its destiny in the future. Europe’s interest in India goes back to the ancient times when lucrative trade was carried on between India and Europe. India was rich in terms of spices, textile and other oriental products which had huge demand in the large consumer markets in the west. Since the ancient time till the medieval period, spices formed an important part of European trade with India. Pepper, ginger, chillies, cinnamon and cloves were carried to Europe where they fetched high prices. Indian silk, fine Muslin and Indian cotton too were much in demand among rich European families. Pearls and other precious stone also found high demand among the European elites. Trade was conducted both by sea and by land. While the sea routes opened from the ports of the western coast of India and went westward through the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea to Alexandria and Constantinople, Indian trade goods found their way across the Mediterranean to the commercials hubs of Venice and Genoa, from where they were then dispersed throughout the main cities of Europe. The old trading routes between the east and the west came under Turkish control after the Ottoman conquest of Asia Minor and the capture of Constantinople in1453.The merchants of Venice and Genoa monopolised the trade between Europe and Asia and refused to let the new nation states of Western Europe, particularly Spain and Portugal, have any share in the trade through these old routes.