CLARIN in the Low Countries Edited by Jan Odijk and Arjan van Hessen ][u ubiquity press London Published by Ubiquity Press Ltd. 6 Osborn Street, Unit 2N London E1 6TD www.ubiquitypress.com Text c The Authors 2017 First published 2017 Cover design by Amber MacKay Cover art by Manuchi / Pixabay Licensed under Creative Commons CC0 Printed in the UK by Lightning Source Ltd. Print and digital versions typeset by diacriTech. ISBN (Hardback): 978-1-911529-24-8 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-911529-25-5 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-911529-26-2 ISBN (Mobi): 978-1-911529-27-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbi This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For full review policies, see http://www.ubiquitypress.com/ Suggested citation: Odijk, J. and van Hessen, A. (eds.) CLARIN in the Low Countries. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbi. License: CC-BY 4.0 To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit https://doi.org/10.5334/bbi or scan this QR code with your mobile device: Contents Acknowledgements xi Competing interests xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii List of Reviewers xix Chapter 1: CLARIN in the Low Countries: Introduction 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 CLARIN: Historical Background 2 1.3 The CLARIN Infrastructure 2 1.4 Projects in CLARIN-LC 5 1.5 Structure of this book 8 Acknowledgements 8 References 8 Chapter 2: The CLARIN Infrastructure in the Low Countries 11 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Finding Data and Soware 12 2.3 Applying Soware to Data 14 2.4 Storing Data and Soware in CLARIN 16 2.5 Portal 27 2.6 Concluding Remarks 29 Acknowledgements 29 References 29 Part I: Technical Infrastructure 31 Chapter 3: Introduction to the CLARIN Technical Infrastructure 33 3.1 Introduction 33 3.2 Persistent Identifiers 34 3.3 CMDI Metadata 35 3.4 AAI 36 3.5 Semantic Interoperability 39 3.6 Search 40 3.7 Portal 43 iv Contents 3.8 Concluding Remarks 43 Acknowledgements 44 References 44 Chapter 4: Building CLARIN Infrastructure in the Netherlands 45 4.1 Introduction 45 4.2 CLARIN-NL Infrastructure Building Background 46 4.3 A Network of CLARIN Centres 47 4.4 IIP Strategy for Technical Infrastructure Adoption by Centres 53 4.5 Populating the CLARIN Infrastructure 54 4.6 Contributions to Central CLARIN Registries and Services 55 4.7 Conclusions and Recommendations 57 References 58 Chapter 5: CLAVAS: A CLARIN Vocabulary and Alignment Service 61 5.1 Introduction 61 5.2 ISOcat and OpenSKOS 63 5.3 The CLAVAS Project 64 5.4 Evaluation of Results 66 5.5 Current State and Future Work 67 5.6 Conclusions 68 Acknowledgements 68 References 69 Chapter 6: FoLiA in Practice: The Infrastructure of a Linguistic Annotation Format 71 6.1 Introduction 71 6.2 Overview 73 6.3 Our philosophy 73 6.4 Soware Infrastructure 74 6.5 Data Infrastructure 79 6.6 Conclusion 80 Acknowledgements 80 References 80 Chapter 7: TTNWW to the Rescue: No Need to Know How to Handle Tools and Resources 83 7.1 Introduction 83 7.2 Text 85 7.3 Speech 88 7.4 Web Services and Workflows 89 7.5 Related Work 90 7.6 Conclusions and Further Work 90 References 91 Contents v Chapter 8: CMD2RDF: Building a Bridge from CLARIN to Linked Open Data 95 8.1 Introduction 95 8.2 The Component Metadata Infrastructure 96 8.3 Linked Open Data 97 8.4 The CMD2RDF Bridge 97 8.5 CMD2RDF and LLOD 100 8.6 Current Status and Future Plans 101 8.7 Conclusion 102 Acknowledgements 102 References 102 Part II: Infrastructure for Linguistics 105 Chapter 9: Infrastructure for Linguistics: Introduction 107 9.1 Introduction 107 9.2 Work on Linguistics 107 9.3 Contents of Part II: Infrastructure for Linguistics 110 Acknowledgements 111 References 111 Chapter 10: Creating a Language Archive of Insular South East Asia and West New Guinea 113 10.1 Background of the Project 113 10.2 Results of the Project 117 References 118 Appendix: Deliverables and Milestones, with actors 119 Chapter 11: Curating the Typological Database System 123 11.1 Introduction 123 11.2 The Architecture of the Typological Database System 124 11.3 Conclusion 131 Acknowledgements 132 References 132 Chapter 12: Variation in Preposition Use in the Virgin Islands Dutch Creole (VIDC) Cluster 133 12.1 Introduction 133 12.2 VIDC: History and Sources 134 12.3 Prepositions in VIDC 136 12.4 Atlantic na and Possible Substrate Influence 138 12.5 Dutch (17/18th c): Letters 139 12.6 VIDC (18th c) 140 vi Contents 12.7 The 20th Century VIDC Materials 143 12.8 Discussion, Conclusions and Suggestions for Further Research 145 Acknowledgements 147 References 147 Digital Sources 149 Chapter 13: Making the Dictionary of the Frisian Language Available in the Dutch Historical Dictionary Portal 151 13.1 Introduction 151 13.2 The Dictionary and its Issues 152 13.3 Integration 152 13.4 Data Curation for the Online WFT 153 13.5 The Users 156 13.6 An Example of Research 160 13.7 Future Developments: Improvement and Expansion 164 References 165 Chapter 14: SLI Diagnostics in Narratives: Exploring the CLARIN-NL VALID Data Archive 167 14.1 The VALID Data Archive 168 14.2 SLI Diagnostics in Narratives 168 14.3 Method 170 14.4 Results 172 14.5 Discussion 173 14.6 Conclusion 176 References 177 Appendix 179 Chapter 15: D-LUCEA: Curation of the UCU Accent Project Data 181 15.1 Introduction 181 15.2 D-LUCEA: Sharing the Data in the Research Community 183 15.3 Current Research Using this Corpus 188 References 192 Chapter 16: Stylene: an Environment for Stylometry and Readability Research for Dutch 195 16.1 Introduction 195 16.2 The Stylometry Popularisation Interface 196 16.3 The Readability Interface 199 16.4 The Stylometry Interface 204 16.5 Conclusion 206 Acknowledgements 206 References 207 Contents vii Part III: Infrastructure for Syntax 211 Chapter 17: Infrastructure for Syntax: Introduction 213 17.1 Introduction 213 17.2 Work on Syntax 213 17.3 Contents of Part III: Infrastructure for Syntax 214 Acknowledgements 214 References 215 Chapter 18: The Hebrew Bible as Data: Laboratory - Sharing - Experiences 217 18.1 Introduction 217 18.2 Ground Work: WIVU and ETCBC 218 18.3 Idea: Queries As Annotations 219 18.4 Realisation: LAF-Fabric and SHEBANQ 220 18.5 Reflection 225 Acknowledgements 227 References 227 Chapter 19: WhiteLab 2.0: A Web Interface for Corpus Exploitation 231 19.1 Introduction 231 19.2 The Corpora 232 19.3 WhiteLab 2.0: Architecture 233 19.4 OpenSoNaR+: User Functionality 238 19.5 Performance and Availability 241 19.6 Conclusion 241 Acknowledgements 242 References 242 Chapter 20: Creating Research Environments with BlackLab 245 20.1 Introduction: Why BlackLab and BlackLab Server? 245 20.2 BlackLab, BlackLab Server and AutoSearch 246 20.3 Using BlackLab and BlackLab Server to build your own research environment 248 20.4 Using BlackLab and BlackLab Server for Linguistic Research 251 20.5 Conclusions and Future Plans 255 References 256 Chapter 21: Beyond Counting Syntactic Hits 259 21.1 Introduction 259 21.2 The Linguist 260 21.3 Current Soware 263 21.4 The Web Application 265 21.5 Discussion and Conclusions 267 viii Contents Acknowledgements 267 References 267 Chapter 22: GrETEL: A Tool for Example-Based Treebank Mining 269 22.1 Introduction 269 22.2 What is GrETEL? 270 22.3 Using GrETEL for Research and Education 273 22.4 Further Developments 276 22.5 Conclusion and Future Work 278 Acknowledgements 278 References 279 Chapter 23: The Parse and Query (PaQu) Application 281 23.1 Introduction 281 23.2 Corpus Management 282 23.3 Search 282 23.4 Analysis 288 23.5 Case Study 289 23.6 Conclusions and Future Work 293 Acknowledgements 293 References 294 Appendix: List of Hyperlinks 295 Chapter 24: Enriching a Scientific Grammar with Links to Linguistic Resources: The Taalportaal 299 24.1 Introduction 299 24.2 The Taalportaal 299 24.3 Enriching the Taalportaal 303 24.4 Concluding Remarks 308 Acknowledgements 308 Previous Publications 308 References 309 Part IV: Infrastructure for Other Humanities Disciplines 311 Chapter 25: Infrastructure for Other Humanities Disciplines: Introduction 313 25.1 Introduction 313 25.2 Work on Other Humanities Disciplines 313 25.3 Contents of Part IV: Infrastructure for Other Humanities Disciplines 314 Acknowledgements 316 Chapter 26: The ePistolarium: Origins and Techniques 317 26.1 Introduction 317 26.2 Project 318 Contents ix 26.3 Corpus 318 26.4 Analysis Techniques 319 26.5 Usability Tests 322 26.6 Outlook 323 References 323 Chapter 27: A Digital Humanities Approach to the History of Culture and Science 325 27.1 Introduction 325 27.2 Towards Historical Text Mining of Public Media 327 27.3 New Horizons: Historical Text Mining for Comparative Research as Part of The bilingual Text-Mining Tool Biland 331 27.4 Up-Scaling WAHSP and BILAND for Larger Groups of Users: The Challenges 332 27.5 Conclusion 333 Acknowledgements 334 References 335 Chapter 28: RemBench: A Digital Workbench for Rembrandt Research 337 28.1 Introduction 337 28.2 About RemBench 338 28.3 Challenges 339 28.4 Evaluation 344 28.5 Discussion 346 28.6 Conclusions 348 Acknowledgements 349 References 349 Chapter 29: Mapping Migration across Generations 351 29.1 Introduction 351 29.2 Data 352 29.3 Migration Maps Per Generation 354 29.4 Implementation and Examples 355