Gastropoda: Naticidae)

ON HAL/OT/NELLA PAT/NAR/A (GASTROPODA: NATICIDAE)

EVELINE AND ERNST MARCUS Department of Zoology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil

ABSTRACT A female specimen of Haliotinella patinaria Guppy, 1876, 42 mm long, was collected in Biscayne Bay, Florida, burrowing in mud. Since the discovery of the type-species, H. montrouzieri Souverbie, 1875, no more than the shells of Ha/iotinella were known. Examination of the additional systematically useful characters provided by this specimen confirms the view of Souverbie, who provisionally placed Haliotinella in the vicinity of Sinum.

HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION Prof. Dr. Frederick M. Bayer sent us a large collection of opistho- branchs for classification. When we unpacked them and arranged the vials in a preliminary systematic order, a strange looking snail immediately attracted our attention. By its shell it was recognized as Haliotinella patinaria Guppy (1876: 163; 1878: 322, PI. 10, Fig. 1) of which Thiele (1931: 262, Figs. 277a, b) gave two new figures. Guppy had found a single shell on the sandy beach of Saint Kitts (Saint Christopher) in the Leeward Islands. Together with Crosse (Guppy, 1876: 162, note) and Souverbie (1875: 33-35, PI. 4, Fig. 1), he considered Haliotinella as related to Sigaretus, now called Sinum. Souverbie had received the shell of the type-species from Art Island (l9°42'S, 163°40'E) northwest of New Caledonia. Though Souverbie did not know whether the shell was external or internal, or whether it belonged to a marine or a terrestrial snail, he provisionally placed Haliotinella in the vicinity of Sinum with admirable sagacity. Morch (1876: 374), however, transferred the genus to the Pleurobranchacea, as they are called today, and the species patinaria to Berthellina quadridens (Morch, 1863). In spite of Guppy's objection (] 878: 322), March's opinion was accepted by Fischer (1887: 573) and the first monographer of the Notaspidea, Pilsbry (1896: 209). Of the two others, Bergh (1897: 1898) did not mention Haliotinella. Vayssiere attributed the authorship of the genus to Morch in a passing remark (1898: 216), but excluded H aliotinella from the Pleurobranchidae later on (1901: 73). He questioned the validity of the genus based upon a single shell. Thiele (Ioc. cit.) re-established it and placed it after Sinum, though the animal was still unknown. DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL Haliotinella patinaria Guppy, 1876 Figs. 1-9 Occurrence.-Florida, Biscayne Bay. Burrowing in mud, among Thalassia, flats at Bear Cut. Collected by Donald Harper, April, 1963. 212 Bulletin of Marine Science [15 (1) Further Distribution.-Leeward Islands, St. Kitts (St. Christopher), one shell on sandy beach (original locality). The present female specimen was examined only with regard to the systematically essential parts, in order to preserve the specimen as much as possible. Preserved snail 42 mm long, 10 mm broad. Shell opaque, white, occupying the middle of the body, 14 mm long, 7 mm broad, and 2 mm high; for its characters see Pilsbry (1896: 210, PI. 72, Figs. 75, 76), Thiele (1931: 262, Fig. 277), and Figs. 1, 5, and 6. Periostracum delicate, light yellow. Hind end of shell covers horny, light yellow, paucispiral operculum (Fig. 4) completely, which is 1.3 mm long, 1.0 mm broad. Body whitish; on the ventral side (Fig. 3) the dark viscera shine through. Fore end truncate, hind end pointed; head tucked under propodium. Narrow, pointed tentacles set widely apart at posterior margin of head, their distance from one another longer than their own length. Eyes not seen. Propodium and metapodium separated by a transverse furrow; a longitudinal furrow all around the sole (Fig. 2). Mantle cavity about 12 mm in length, hence extremely small. Number and size of branchial filaments great in comparison with the smallness of the pallial cavity. Osphradium brown in front, bipectinate, its left leaflets more numerous and narrower than the right ones. Hypobranchial gland well developed, somewhat lobate. Jaws paired, formed by densely set, stratified rods, arranged in diagonal, parallel rows. Rods 0.1 mm long, projecting freely from anterior edge of jaw, giving this a ragged appearance (Fig. 7). Radula (Fig. 9) with 170 rows; in Risbec's Naticidae (1956) the maximum is 133. Rhachidian tooth 105 micra broad, its base projecting outward. Cutting edge with prominent and pointed median cusp, flanked on each side by 3-5 smaller cusps of varying sizes. Lateral tooth 74 micra broad, deeply sinused on its inner edge, with a principal cusp, 1-2 inner, and 2-3 outer denticles. Inner marginal tooth apically bifid, the inner, accessory cusp feeble. Outer marginal tooth arcuately pointed, its long cusp simple. The radula is rather uniform throughout the Naticidae (Barnard, 1963: 59), so that the feeding habits of Haliotinella patinaria cannot be inferred from it. Oesophagus with a smaller white, nearly homogeneous l!land and a bigger, brown, foliate one, as in Natica (Hirsch, 1915: 406, Fig. A). The brown gland is the gland of Leiblein (Fretter & Graham, 1962: 238-239), the white one possibly a salivary gland (Risbec, 1956: 25, Fig. 39, gls). The visceral hump extends beyond the shell into the anterior part of the metapodium. CONCLUSIONS The shells of H. montrouzieri and H. patinaria belong to congeneric species, but differ from one another. That of the former species is thinner, 1965] Marcus & Marcus: Haliotinella Patinaria 213

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FIGURES 1-9. Haliotinella patinaria Guppy. 1, dorsal view of preserved snail; 2, same, shell removed; 3, ventral view; 4, operculum; 5, initial whorls of shell, upper surface; 6, same, lower surface; 7, jaw; 8, rodlets of same; 9, radula. 214 Bulletin of Marine Science [15(1 ) more fragile than that of the latter, and the aperture is different. The right margin is acute in montrouzieri, incurved in patinaria; the left one is incurved toward the right in montrouzieri, prominent and acute in patinaria. In patinaria, as in Sinum, the animal is much too large to retract into the shell. The radula of true Sinum, however, has the side cusps of the rhachidian tooth more prominent than the central one (Powell, 1951: 120). Therefore Haliotinella may be nearer to another genus of the Sininae. Probably its position can be defined by a study of the nervous system, which would require an ample material. In any case Ha/iotinella patinaria proves to be a specialized type by its vermiform body with a small and flat shell well adapted to life in mud, by the small mantle cavity, and the great number of radular rows.

SUMARIO Haliotinella patinaria (GASTROPODA: NATICIDAE) Incluido en una colcccion de opistobranquios enviada para su determina- cion habia un caracol interesante que inmediatamente fue reconocido como Haliotinella patinaria Guppy. Este ejemplar, con las partes blandas preser- vadas, muestra que Souverbie que describi6 la especie-tipo, H. montrouzieri, de Nueva Caledonia, estaba en 10 cierto al colocar eI genero en una posici6n proxima a Sinum en la familia Naticidae. Los posteriores emplaza- mientos en Pleurobranchacea son c1aramente incorrectos. Las conchas de H. patinaria y H. montrouzieri sin duda pertenecen a especies diferentes del mismo genera. La nidula, con la cuspide central del diente raquideo mas prominente que las cuspides laterales, difiere en algo del de Sinum, en el cual las cuspides laterales son mas prominentes, indicando posible- mente una afinidad mas estrecha con algun otro genero en la subfamilia Sininae.

LITERATURE CITED BARNARD, KEPPEL HARCOURT 1963. Contribution to the knowledge of South African Marine Mollusca. Part 3. Gastropoda: Prosobranchiata: Taenioglossa. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 47 (1): 1-199. BERGH, RUDOLPH 1897. Malacologische Untersuchungen, Heft 5, 4 (1, 1-2). Die Pleuro- branchiden. In: Semper, C. Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Wissenschaftliche Resultate, 7: 1-115. 1898. Malacologische Untersuchungen, Heft 5, 4 (1, 3). Die Pleurobranch- iden. In: Semper, C. Reisen irn Archipel der Philippinen. Wissenschaft- liche Resultate, 7: 117-158. FISCHER, PAUL 1887. Manuel de Conchyliologie. F. Savy, Paris, xxiv +1369 pp., 23 pis. FRETTER, VERA AND ALASTAIR GRAHAM 1962. British prosobranch molluscs. Ray Society, London, xvi + 755 pp. 1965] Marcus & Marcus: Ha/iotillella Patinaria 215 Guppy, R. J. LECHMERE 1876. Sur I'existence du genre Haliotinella aux Antilles. J. Conchyliol., 24 (seT. 3, 16): 161-163. 1878. Note sur I'Haliotinella patinaria et sur quelques mollusques des Antil- les. J. Conchyliol., 26 (ser. 3, 18): 321-325. HIRSCH, GOTTWALT CHRISTIAN 1915. Die Ernahrungsbiologie f1eischfressender Gastropoden, etc. Zool. Jb. Physiol., 35 (4): 357-404. MORCH, OTTO ANDREAS L. 1876. Description d'especes nouvelles. J. Conchylio\., 24 (ser. 3, 16): 368- 374. PILSBRY, HENRY A. 1895-96. Manual of Conchology, 16: vii + 262 pp., 75 pis. POWELL, A. W. B. 1951. Antarctic and subantarctic Mollusca: Pelecypoda and Gastropoda. Discovery Rep., 26: 47-196. RISBEC, JEAN 1956. Etude anatomique de Naticidae de Nouvelle Caledonie. J. Conchyliol., 96: 12-45. SOUVERBIE, S. M. AND R. P. MONTROUZIER 1875. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles del'Archipel Caledonien. J. Canchyl- io!., 23 (seT. 3, 15): 33-44. THIELE, JOHANNES 1931. Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde, 1. Gustav Fischer, Jena, vi + 778 pp. VAYSSIERE, ALBERT 1898. Monographie de la familIe des Pleurobranchides. Ann. Sci. nat. Zoo\. SeT. 8, 8: 209-402. 1901. Monographie de la famille des Pleurobranchides (deuxieme et der- niece partie). Ann. Sci. nat. Zoo!., ser. 8, 12: 1-85.