" Go Eat a Bat, Chang!": on the Emergence of Sinophobic Behavior on Web Communities in the Face of COVID-19
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The Changing Face of American White Supremacy Our Mission: to Stop the Defamation of the Jewish People and to Secure Justice and Fair Treatment for All
A report from the Center on Extremism 09 18 New Hate and Old: The Changing Face of American White Supremacy Our Mission: To stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment for all. ABOUT T H E CENTER ON EXTREMISM The ADL Center on Extremism (COE) is one of the world’s foremost authorities ADL (Anti-Defamation on extremism, terrorism, anti-Semitism and all forms of hate. For decades, League) fights anti-Semitism COE’s staff of seasoned investigators, analysts and researchers have tracked and promotes justice for all. extremist activity and hate in the U.S. and abroad – online and on the ground. The staff, which represent a combined total of substantially more than 100 Join ADL to give a voice to years of experience in this arena, routinely assist law enforcement with those without one and to extremist-related investigations, provide tech companies with critical data protect our civil rights. and expertise, and respond to wide-ranging media requests. Learn more: adl.org As ADL’s research and investigative arm, COE is a clearinghouse of real-time information about extremism and hate of all types. COE staff regularly serve as expert witnesses, provide congressional testimony and speak to national and international conference audiences about the threats posed by extremism and anti-Semitism. You can find the full complement of COE’s research and publications at ADL.org. Cover: White supremacists exchange insults with counter-protesters as they attempt to guard the entrance to Emancipation Park during the ‘Unite the Right’ rally August 12, 2017 in Charlottesville, Virginia. -
POPULAR SOCIAL MEDIA SITES Below Is a List of Some of the Most Commonly Used Youth and Teen Social Networking Sites and Tools
POPULAR SOCIAL MEDIA SITES Below is a list of some of the most commonly used youth and teen social networking sites and tools. Ask.fm (http://ask.fm) Participants log on, post a question anonymously and anyone may answer anonymously. “Do you think I am fat?” or “Would you date me?” are examples of questions posted in the past. There have also been examples in which individuals were encouraged to kill themselves. The site has courted controversy by not having workable reporting, tracking or parental control processes, which have become the norm on other social media websites. Twitter (https://twitter.com) An online social networking and microblogging service that enables users to send and read "tweets", which are text messages limited to 140 characters. Instagram (http://instagram.com) A photo-sharing app for iPhone. Kik (http://kik.com) Kik is as an alternative to email or text messaging and its popularity has grown in the last two years. Kik is accessible on smartphones and supports over 4 million users, called “Kicksters.” Users are not restricted to sending text messages with Kik. Images, videos, sketches, emoticions and more may be sent. A user can block users on Kik from contacting them. Wanelo (http://wanelo.com) Wanelo (from Want, Need, Love) sells unique products online, all posted by users. Products posted for sale range from dishes, clothing, intimate wear and other potentially “R-Rated” products. Vine (https://vine.co) Vine is used to create and share free and instant six-second videos. Topic and content ranges. Snapchat (http://www.snapchat.com) A photo messaging application. -
On the Emergence of Sinophobic Behavior on Web Communities In
“Go eat a bat, Chang!”: On the Emergence of Sinophobic Behavior on Web Communities in the Face of COVID-19 Fatemeh Tahmasbi Leonard Schild Chen Ling Binghamton University CISPA Boston University [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Jeremy Blackburn Gianluca Stringhini Yang Zhang Binghamton University Boston University CISPA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Savvas Zannettou Max Planck Institute for Informatics [email protected] ABSTRACT KEYWORDS The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives in COVID-19, Sinophobia, Hate Speech, Twitter, 4chan unprecedented ways. In the face of the projected catastrophic conse- ACM Reference Format: quences, most countries have enacted social distancing measures in Fatemeh Tahmasbi, Leonard Schild, Chen Ling, Jeremy Blackburn, Gianluca an attempt to limit the spread of the virus. Under these conditions, Stringhini, Yang Zhang, and Savvas Zannettou. 2021. “Go eat a bat, Chang!”: the Web has become an indispensable medium for information ac- On the Emergence of Sinophobic Behavior on Web Communities in the quisition, communication, and entertainment. At the same time, Face of COVID-19. In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021 (WWW ’21), unfortunately, the Web is being exploited for the dissemination April 19–23, 2021, Ljubljana, Slovenia. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 12 pages. of potentially harmful and disturbing content, such as the spread https://doi.org/10.1145/3442381.3450024 of conspiracy theories and hateful speech towards specific ethnic groups, in particular towards Chinese people and people of Asian 1 INTRODUCTION descent since COVID-19 is believed to have originated from China. -
The N-Word : Comprehending the Complexity of Stratification in American Community Settings Anne V
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2009 The N-word : comprehending the complexity of stratification in American community settings Anne V. Benfield Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Race and Ethnicity Commons, Sociology of Culture Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Benfield, Anne V., "The -wN ord : comprehending the complexity of stratification in American community settings" (2009). Honors Theses. 1433. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/1433 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The N-Word: Comprehending the Complexity of Stratification in American Community Settings By Anne V. Benfield * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Sociology UNION COLLEGE June, 2009 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter One: Literature Review Etymology 7 Early Uses 8 Fluidity in the Twentieth Century 11 The Commercialization of Nigger 12 The Millennium 15 Race as a Determinant 17 Gender Binary 19 Class Stratification and the Talented Tenth 23 Generational Difference 25 Chapter Two: Methodology Sociological Theories 29 W.E.B DuBois’ “Double-Consciousness” 34 Qualitative Research Instrument: Focus Groups 38 Chapter Three: Results and Discussion Demographics 42 Generational Difference 43 Class Stratification and the Talented Tenth 47 Gender Binary 51 Race as a Determinant 55 The Ambiguity of Nigger vs. -
Doxxing, Swatting and the New Trends in Online Harassment 22 April 2015, by Andrew Quodling
Doxxing, swatting and the new trends in online harassment 22 April 2015, by Andrew Quodling citizens about "swatting" (see below) since 2008. It has become common to see articles about how these attacks have affected politicians (both Republican and Democrat in the US), celebrities, journalists, businesses, video game streamers and public servants. What is doxxing? Doxxing – named for "documents" or "docs" – is the act of release of someone's personal and/or When the SWAT team bursts into your bedroom, it’s not identifiable information without their consent. This only unpleasant but potentially deadly. Credit: Jason can include things like their full legal name, social Eppink/Flickr, CC BY security numbers, home or work addresses and contact information. There's no set format for a "dox"; the doxxer simply Imagine this: there's a knock at your door. "Pizza publishes whatever information they've managed to delivery!" It's the fifth time in the last hour that turn up in their searches. Sometimes this even you've had to say to a delivery-person: "No, I really includes the names and details of their target's didn't order anything." That's irritating. family or close friends. Half an hour later, there's another noise at the As a tactic of harassment, doxxing serves two door. This time it's forced open as your house is purposes: it intimidates the people targeted by stormed by the heavily armed and aggressive invading and disrupting their expectations of special response unit of your local police force. privacy; and it provides an avenue for the They're responding to a tip off that warned them of perpetuation of that person's harassment by a hostage situation at your address. -
The Christchurch Attack Report: Key Takeaways on Tarrant’S Radicalization and Attack Planning
The Christchurch Attack Report: Key Takeaways on Tarrant’s Radicalization and Attack Planning Yannick Veilleux-Lepage, Chelsea Daymon and Amarnath Amarasingam i The Christchurch Attack Report: Key Takeaways on Tarrant’s Radicalization and Attack Planning Yannick Veilleux-Lepage, Chelsea Daymon and Amarnath Amarasingam ICCT Perspective December 2020 ii About ICCT The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism – The Hague (ICCT) is an independent think and do tank providing multidisciplinary policy advice and practical, solution- oriented implementation support on prevention and the rule of law, two vital pillars of effective counterterrorism. ICCT’s work focuses on themes at the intersection of countering violent extremism and criminal justice sector responses, as well as human rights-related aspects of counterterrorism. The major project areas concern countering violent extremism, rule of law, foreign fighters, country and regional analysis, rehabilitation, civil society engagement and victims’ voices. Functioning as a nucleus within the international counter-terrorism network, ICCT connects experts, policymakers, civil society actors and practitioners from different fields by providing a platform for productive collaboration, practical analysis, and exchange of experiences and expertise, with the ultimate aim of identifying innovative and comprehensive approaches to preventing and countering terrorism. Licensing and Distribution ICCT publications are published in open access format and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons -
Covid-19 Disinformation Briefing No. 2 Far-Right Mobilisation
COVID-19 DISINFORMATION BRIEFING NO. 2 FAR-RIGHT MOBILISATION 9th April 2020 This is the second in a series of briefings from ISD’s Digital Research Unit on the information ecosystem around coronavirus (COVID-19). These briefings expose how technology platforms are being used to promote disinformation, hate, extremism and authoritarianism in the context of COVID-19. It is based on ISD’s mixture of natural language processing, network analysis and ethnographic online research. This briefing focuses on the way far-right groups and individuals are mobilising around COVID-19 in the US. The first briefing in the series can be found on ISD’s website. Top Lines Far-right groups and individuals are opportunistically using the ongoing pandemic to advance their movements and ideologies: - COVID-19 is an increasingly important topic within far-right communities. Mentions of ‘corona-chan’, a slang term for COVID-19 popular with far-right groups and individuals have increased significantly across mainstream and fringe social media platforms. - COVID-19 is being used as a ‘wedge issue’ to promote conspiracy theories, target minority communities, and call for extreme violence. COVID-19 is being used to advance calls for the ‘boogaloo’ – an extreme right-wing meme referring to an impending civil war: - While some of these calls appear to be ironic, others should be recognised as legitimate security threats. - Discussions of the ‘boogaloo’ are increasingly pivoting towards the ways the COVID- 19 pandemic provides an opportunity for violence. - This conversation is taking place across mainstream and fringe social media. - This trend has already manifested into real-world violence, with one alleged white supremacist terrorist dying after shootouts with the FBI. -
Digital Social Media and Aggression: Memetic Rhetoric in 4Chanￃﾢￂﾀￂﾙs Collective Identity
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Computers and Composition 45 (2017) 85–97 Digital Social Media and Aggression: Memetic Rhetoric in 4chan’s Collective Identity Erika M. Sparby Department of English, Illinois State University, 100 North Normal Street, Adlai E. Stevenson Building, Room 409, Normal, IL 61790, USA Abstract This article examines online aggression in digital social media. Using threads from 4chan’s /b/ board (an anonymous imageboard known for trolling and other aggressive behaviors) as a case study, the author illustrates how some aggressive behaviors online are memetic; that is, they are uncritical recapitulations of previous behaviors or of the way users believe they are “supposed” to behave. First, the author examines /b/’s technical design, ethos, and collective identity to understand the nature of the offensive content posted to the board. Then, she analyzes two threads wherein transwomen (the most vehemently denigrated identity on /b/) self-identified and how the collective identity employed its memetic responses; the first transwoman incited /b/’s memetic wrath, while the second employed identity rhetoric that ruptured the collective identity, thus effectively deterring /b/’s memetic behaviors and opening constructive dialog. This case study emphasizes the pressing need for more teacher-scholars to perform research and develop pedagogy centered on anonymous and pseudonymous social media spaces. It is imperative to disrupt negative memetic behaviors so that we can find, create, and seize more opportunities -
Are the Kalasha Really of Greek Origin? the Legend of Alexander the Great and the Pre-Islamic World of the Hindu Kush1
Acta Orientalia 2011: 72, 47–92. Copyright © 2011 Printed in India – all rights reserved ACTA ORIENTALIA ISSN 0001-6483 Are the Kalasha really of Greek origin? The Legend of Alexander the Great and the Pre-Islamic World of the Hindu Kush1 Augusto S. Cacopardo Università di Firenze Abstract The paper refutes the claim that the Kalasha may be the descendants of the Greeks of Asia. First, traditions of Alexandrian descent in the Hindu Kush are examined on the basis of written sources and it is shown that such legends are not part of Kalasha traditional knowledge. Secondly, it is argued that the Kalasha were an integral part of the pre-Islamic cultural fabric of the Hindu Kush, and cannot be seen as intruders in the area, as legends of a Greek descent would want them. Finally, through comparative suggestions, it is proposed that possible similarities between the Kalasha and pre-Christian 1 Paper presented as a key-note address at the First International Conference on Language Documentation and Tradition, with a Special Interest in the Kalasha of the Hindu Kush Valleys, Himalayas – Thessaloniki, Greece, 7–9 November 2008. Scarcity of funds caused the scientific committee to decide to select for the forthcoming proceedings only linguistic papers. This is rather unfortunate because the inclusion in the volume of anthropological papers as well would have offered a good opportunity for comparing different views on the question of the Greek ascendancy of the Kalasha. 48 Augusto S. Cacopardo Europe are to be explained by the common Indo-European heritage rather than by more recent migrations and contacts. -
On the Power of Slurring Words and Derogatory Gestures
Charged Expressions: On the Power of Slurring Words and Derogatory Gestures Ralph DiFranco, Ph.D. University of Connecticut, 2016 Slurs have the striking power to promulgate prejudice. Standard semantic and pragmatic theories fail to explain how this works. Drawing on embodied cognition research, I show that metaphorical slurs, descriptive slurs, and slurs that imitate their targets are effective means of transmitting prejudice because they are vehicles for prompting hearers to form mental images that depict targets in unflattering ways or to simulate experiential states such as negative feelings for targets. However, slurs are a heterogeneous group, and there may be no one mechanism by which slurs harm their targets. Some perpetrate a visceral kind of harm – they shock and offend hearers – while others sully hearers with objectionable imagery. Thus, a pluralistic account is needed. Although recent philosophical work on pejoratives has focused exclusively on words, derogation is a broader phenomenon that often constitutively involves various forms of non- verbal communication. This dissertation leads the way into uncharted territory by offering an account of the rhetorical power of iconic derogatory gestures and other non-verbal pejoratives that derogate by virtue of some iconic resemblance to their targets. Like many slurs, iconic derogatory gestures are designed to sully recipients with objectionable imagery. I also address ethical issues concerning the use of pejoratives. For instance, I show that the use of slurs for a powerful majority -
Fourteenth-Century Blue-And-White : a Group of Chinese Porcelains in the Topkapu Sarayi Müzesi, Istanbul
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION! FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL PAPERS VOLUME TWO NUMBER ONE FOURTEENTH-CENTURY BLUE-AND-WHITE A GROUP OF CHINESE PORCELAINS IN THE TOPKAPU SARAYI MUZESI, ISTANBUL By JOHN ALEXANDER POPE WASHINGTON 1952 FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL PAPERS The Freer Gallery of Art Occasional Papers, published from time to time, present material pertaining to the cultures represented in the Freer Collection, prepared by members of the Gallery staff. Articles dealing with objects in the Freer Collection and involving original research in Near Eastern or Far Eastern language sources by scholars not associated with the Gallery may be considered for publication. The Freer Gallery of Art Occasional Papers are not sold by subscrip- tion. The price of each number is determined with reference to the cost of publication. = SMITHSONI AN INSTITUTIONS FREER GALLERY OF ART OCCASIONAL PAPERS VOLUME TWO NUMBER ONE FOURTEENTH-CENTURY BLUE-AND-WHITE A GROUP OF CHINESE PORCELAINS IN THE TOPKAPU SARAYI MUZESI, ISTANBUL - By JOHN ALEXANDER POPE Publication 4089 WASHINGTON 1952 BALTIMORE, MS., XT. S. A. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 The background 1 Acknowledgments 4 Numerical list = 6 Chronological data 7 The Topkapu Sarayi Collection 8 History 8 Scope 18 The early blue-and-white wares 24 The painter's repertory 30 Flora 33 Fauna 40 Miscellaneous 44 Description of plates A-D 49 The argument 50 Descriptions of the pieces as illustrated 53 Appendix I: Checklist 66 II: Locale 69 III : Zimmermann's attributions 72 Bibliography 74 Index 79 iii FOURTEENTH-CENTURY BLUE-AND- WHITE: A GROUP OF CHINESE PORCELAINS IN THE TOPKAPU SARAYI MiiZESI, ISTANBUL By JOHN ALEXANDER POPE Assistant Director, Freer Gallery of Art [With 44 Plates] INTRODUCTION THE BACKGROUND Attempts to assign pre-Ming dates to Chinese porcelains decorated in underglaze cobalt blue are by no means new, but they have never ceased to be troublesome; certainly no general agreement in the matter has been reached beyond the fact that such porcelains do exist. -
An Introduction to Japanese Society's Attitudes Toward Race and Skin Color
Chapter 4 An Introduction to Japanese Society’s Attitudes Toward Race and Skin Color Debito Arudou Introduction Japan, no doubt like any country or society, places cultural value on skin color and melanin content. In Japan’s case, historically and traditionally, pale, unblemished white skin is held in high regard. For example, in classical Japanese ukiyo-e and woodblock prints, Japan’s upper classes and historical figures are generally rendered with very pale skin, while Japanese women, seen mostly indoors, are generally rendered whiter than men. To the present day, Japan’s traditional entertainers (from Kabuki actors to geisha) whiten their skin cosmetically, and its heroes (as seen, e.g., in Japan’s Neputa Festival (JNTO 2011) in Aomori Prefecture) are depicted as light-skinned Japanese battling hairy, swarthy barbarians. In modern Japanese adult society, skin coloring and care is de rigueur for women and sometimes even men (Ashikari 2005). Despite being the tenth most populous nation in the world, Japan’s cosmetics market is the world’s second largest, with an annual turnover of 990 billion yen in 2009 (Austrade 2010), selling products to both lighten and darken skin. Notwithstanding Japan’s fascination with African American culture, most related products, such as UV-blocking makeup foundation, sunscreen, visors, and parasols, help to keep skin light; darker tones due to sun exposure are often negatively associated with aging skin or outdoor manual labor (Ashikari ibid). Further, in a society where most members see themselves as similarly dark-haired and dark-eyed, distinctions are made in Japanese media by darkening skin tones and lightening or coloring hair.