Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2001

Prepared for the Ministry of Health by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited by Andrew Ball

July 2002 Client Report FW0250

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2001

July 2002

Prepared for the Ministry of Health as part of a contract for scientific services

by

Andrew Ball

Published with the permission of the Director-General of Health in November 2002 Ministry of Health PO Box 5013, Wellington, New Zealand

ISBN 0-478-25567-5 (Booklet) ISBN 0-478-25568-3 (Internet) HP 3584

This document is available on the Ministry of Health’s website http://www.moh.govt.nz

Ministry of Health Disclaimer

The data and analyses contained in the Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2001 have been supplied to the Ministry of Health by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR). The Ministry of Health cannot confirm the accuracy of the data and the analyses and accepts no liability or responsibility for any acts or omissions, done or omitted in reliance, in whole or in part, on the data or the analyses.

All local authorities and bulk water suppliers and relevant government agencies were given the opportunity to comment on and check this document for accuracy prior to publication. The Ministry of Health has endeavoured to ensure that the feedback has been included in this published report and would like to thank those who provided comments and corrections.

ESR Disclaimer

This report or document (the Report) is given by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR) solely for the benefit of the Ministry of Health, Public Health Service Providers and other Third Party Beneficiaries as defined in the Contract between ESR and the Ministry of Health and is strictly subject to the conditions laid out in that Contract.

Neither ESR nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for use of the Report or its contents by any person or organisation.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality iii of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Acknowledgements

The author is very grateful for the efforts of the Health Protection Officers and local authority personnel who gathered the data and completed the questionnaire forms for this survey and, in particular, to those who took the time to provide useful feedback about the questionnaire. Thanks also to Alan Ferguson for assistance with water supply information systems.

The care taken by Jan Gregor and the staff of the Ministry of Health and of certain public health service providers in reviewing the report and providing valuable comment was also very much appreciated.

iv Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Contents

Executive Summary x Background x Key findings x Summary of data xii Recommendations xv

Consumer Feedback xvi

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Project specification 1 1.2 Previous surveys 1 1.3 Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 2 1.4 Changes to the DWSNZ:2000 that affect compliance 3

2 Methodology 5 2.1 The questionnaires 5 2.1.1 Water supplier monitoring–treatment plant and source water 5 2.1.2 DHB surveillance of water treatment plant 5 2.1.3 Water supplier monitoring–distribution zone 5 2.1.4 DHB surveillance of the distribution zone 6 2.1.5 Population information 6 2.2 Questionnaire distribution 6 2.3 Coverage of the survey 7 2.4 Quality control 7 2.5 Analysis 8 2.6 Shortcomings of the questionnaire 9

3 Overview of Drinking-water Supplies 10

4 Drinking-water Monitoring in the Distribution Zone 13 4.1 Adequacy of monitoring 13 4.1.1 Classification by health district 13 4.1.2 Classification by population band 16 4.2 Compliance 17 4.2.1 Classification by health district 18 4.2.2 Classification by population band 23

5 Drinking-water Monitoring at the Treatment Plant 25 5.1 The population distribution of treatment plants 25 5.2 Adequacy of treatment plant monitoring 26

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality v of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 6 Validity of Microbiological Monitoring 35 6.1 Laboratories registered for compliance testing 36 6.2 Methods suitable for compliance testing 37

7 Water Supply Surveillance 38 7.1 DHB surveillance of distribution zones 38 7.2 DHB surveillance of treatment plants 41 7.3 Public health risk management plans 42

8 Monitoring and Surveillance in Schools 44

9 Private and Hospital Drinking-water Supplies 47 9.1 Private supplies 47 9.2 Hospital and health service supplies 49

10 Corrective Action 51 10.1 Responses to transgressions 51 10.2 ‘Boil Water’ notices 53

11 Disinfection 54 11.1 The effect of disinfection status on microbiological quality 54 11.2 Methods of disinfection 56

12 The Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 60 12.1 Some of the implications to microbiological compliance of the DWSNZ:2000 60 12.2 The Transition from the DWSNZ:1995 to the DWSNZ:2000 62

13 References 66

Appendix 1: List of health districts and public health service providers 67

Appendix 2: Drinking-water microbiology questionnaires 68

Appendix 3: Notes to the 2001 annual survey of the microbiological quality of drinking-water 71

Appendix 4: Distribution zone monitoring and surveillance 91 Northland 93 Auckland 98 Waikato 102 Tauranga 106

vi Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Rotorua 107 Whakatane 109 Gisborne 110 Taranaki 111 Hawkes Bay 113 Wanganui 116 Manawatu 117 Wairarapa 119 Hutt Valley 120 Nelson 122 Marlborough 124 West Coast 126 Canterbury 128 South Canterbury 133 Otago 135 Southland 138

Appendix 5: Zone compliance transgression allowance 140

Appendix 6: Anomalies between microbiological quality and grading 141

Appendix 7: Ministry of Health register of recognised water- testing laboratories 143

Appendix 8: Anomalies between monitoring and surveillance results 145

Appendix 9: School drinking-water supplies 146

Appendix 10: Distribution zones on permanent ‘boil water’ notice in 2001 158

Appendix 11: Potential secure groundwater supplies 159

Appendix 12: Non-verified “secure” groundwater supplies 160

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality vii of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 List of tables

Table 3.1: Numbers and populations of distribution zones and treatment plants 10 Table 3.2: Number of distribution zones and populations supplied in the health districts 10 Table 3.3: Number of local authority-owned/managed distribution zones in each health district 12 Table 4.1: Summary of the adequacy of monitoring in distribution zones 13 Table 4.2: Adequacy of zone monitoring expressed as percentages 14 Table 4.3: Distribution zone monitoring expressed in terms of population 15 Table 4.4: Adequacy of distribution zone monitoring data by population band 17 Table 4.5: Summary of distribution zone monitoring compliance data 19 Table 4.6: Reasons for non-compliance in the distribution zone 23 Table 4.7: Compliance monitoring in the distribution zone by population band 23 Table 5.1: Water sources for different population bands 26 Table 5.2: Treatment plant compliance by population band 27 Table 5.3: Treatment plant compliance by health district 28 Table 5.4: Causes of E. coli non-compliance of treatment plants by population 28 Table 5.5: Causes of non-compliance at the treatment plant by health district 30 Table 5.6: Cryptosporidium compliance in treatment plant by population band 31 Table 5.7: Demonstration of the secure status of groundwater by health district 33 Table 7.1: Distribution zone surveillance in each health district 39 Table 7.2: Summary of distribution zone surveillance by population band 40 Table 7.3: Methods used for distribution zone surveillance 41 Table 7.4: Summary of treatment plant surveillance by population band 41 Table 7.5: Methods used for treatment plant surveillance 42 Table 8.1: Monitoring and surveillance in distribution zones of school supplies 44 Table 9.1: Compliance of private supplies 47 Table 9.2: Compliance of LA supplies 47 Table 9.3: Compliance of private supplies 48 Table 9.4: Supplies to hospitals / health services 49 Table 10.1: Corrective action following distribution zone transgressions 51 Table 11.1: Disinfection status 54 Table 11.2: Compliance of treatment plants with disinfection 55 Table 11.3: Compliance of treatment plants without disinfection 55 Table 11.4: Disinfection methods used for different population bands 56 Table 11.5: Effectiveness of disinfection methods 57 Table 11.6: Disinfection methods by population band in complying treatment plants 58

viii Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 12.1: Comparison between distribution zone compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by health district 64 Table 12.2: Comparison between distribution zone compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by population band 64 Table 12.3: Comparison between treatment plant compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by health district 65 Table 12.4: Comparison between treatment plant compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by population band 65

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality ix of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Executive Summary

Background

This report covers the first year when microbiological quality was assessed using the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000 (DWSNZ:2000). The New Zealand drinking-water standards are updated periodically to keep in step with scientific advances and contemporary issues and practices within the water industry. The information on the microbiological quality of drinking-water was obtained through public health units of the district health boards (DHBs) using questionnaires that sought data concerning surveillance and monitoring programmes carried out by DHBs and water suppliers respectively. Water suppliers fall into two groups: local authorities, including commercial water supply companies contracted by local authorities, and private organisations or communities responsible for the operation of their own drinking-water supplies. The water suppliers are responsible for water quality monitoring, whereas the DHB carries out surveillance of the management of drinking-water quality in the health district.

The survey sought information about both distribution zones and water treatment plants. In addition to microbiological quality information, the questionnaire sought information about the water treatment processes in use and the means used to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:2000.

Key findings

The 2001 annual survey uses for the first time the compliance requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. In general, the DWSNZ:2000 are more stringent than those defined in the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand:1995 (DWSNZ:1995) for the larger supplies and less stringent for the smaller ones (see Section 1.3). Consequently, many of the results in this annual report are not directly comparable with those in previous annual reports. To help overcome this difficulty the data in this report are presented in two different ways. The present status of the water supplies was reported against the DWSNZ:2000 – this provides a snapshot of the present status. However, for the purposes of comparison with the previous year’s results, the 2001 data, where possible, was converted to compliance against the DWSNZ:1995. The 2000 Register of Community Drinking-water Supplies in New Zealand (the Register) (MoH 2001b) contained 2035 water treatment plants and 2109 distribution zones and covered an estimated 89% of the New Zealand population. The microbiological quality of drinking-water was assessed against the DWSNZ:2000 using a survey of all treatment plants and distribution zones. The response rate of the survey was better than 99%. For the purposes of evaluating the public health significance of the water quality data contained in this report, the data need to be expressed in terms of the population affected rather than in relation to the numbers of water supplies involved because of the different-sized populations served by different water supplies. The health risk is assessed using two main microbiological criteria: E. coli and Cryptosporidium. During 2001, water supplies to 70% of the people served by community drinking-water supplies complied with the E. coli criterion of the DWSNZ:2000 (equivalent to 85% compliance with the DWSNZ:1995). Compliance with the Cryptosporidium

x Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 criteria of the DWSNZ:2000 was demonstrated in treatment plants serving an estimated 74% of the population covered by the survey. Most large communities were served by water supplies with demonstrated microbiological compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 during 2001. However, many smaller communities were supplied with non-compliant drinking-water. The general trend in microbiological compliance at the distribution zone is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The proportion of the surveyed population supplied by DWSNZ:1995- compliant zones has risen from about 70% in 1994 to 85% in 2001. While compliance with the current standards declined (to 70%) during 2001, this was an artefact caused by the increased stringency of compliance (for the larger supplies) required by the new drinking- water standards (DWSNZ:2000). Using compliance against the DWSNZ:1995 shows that the number of people served by complying zones increased by more than 60,000 (2%) during 2001.

Figure 1: Trend in distribution zone compliance in terms of populations supplied

4.5

4 New Zealand population (census 3.5 estimate) 3 Population in registered drinking- 2.5 w ater supplies 2 Complied w ith the DWSNZ:1995 but 1.5 not DWSNZ:2000 Population (millions) Population 1 Complied w ith the current standard 0.5

0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Year

Source: Ministry of Health (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000a, 2001a), Nokes (1995) (Annual Reports on Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand.)

There was a general trend for the percentage of zones complying within a population band to decrease as the population of the band decreased (ie, the smaller the community water supply, the less likely it is to comply with the DWSNZ:2000).

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality xi of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Figure 2: Trend in monitoring and compliance in the distribution zone

2500

2000

1500

1000 Number of Zones of Number 500

0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Year

Complied with current standard Complied with DWSNZ:1995 only Did not comply

Source: Ministry of Health (1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000a, 2001a), Nokes (1995) (Annual Reports on Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand.)

Approximately 1,027,000 (30%) people covered by this survey were supplied with drinking-water that failed to comply with the E. coli criteria in the distribution zone.

• 127,000 (4%) were supplied with water containing unacceptable levels of E. coli. • 57,000 (2%) were supplied with water where water suppliers failed to take appropriate corrective action once E. coli had been found. • 80,000 (2%) were supplied with water where E. coli monitoring was either not carried out or data were not available. • 929,000 (27%) were supplied with water that did not comply because the number of samples taken during the year was insufficient to demonstrate compliance according to the DWSNZ:2000. • 42,000 (1%) were supplied with water that did not comply because the compliance testing was not analysed by a laboratory recognised by the Ministry of Health for drinking-water compliance testing (MoH Recognised Laboratory) (Appendix 7).

Some people were supplied with water that failed to comply with the DWSNZ:2000 for more than one of the above categories.

Summary of data

To evaluate the public health significance of the water quality data contained in this report, summary statistics are expressed in terms of the population affected. Since expression of the zone numbers may be of more value for regulation and water supply management, data are summarised in both ways. Information was received for 2106 of the 2109 distribution zones, and 2032 of the 2035 water treatment plants listed in the Register as at December 2001 covering approximately 3,455,000 people. This represents an increase of almost 124,000 people from the 2054 zones surveyed in 2000 and was due to newly registered supplies and amendments to some

xii Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 zone populations in 2001. Communities with unregistered water supplies were not covered by this survey. In this report, the percentage of the population refers to the percentage of the population that live in registered distribution zones; it does not refer to the percentage of the total population of New Zealand.

Distribution zone monitoring

During 2001, 70% of the population lived in distribution zones supplied with drinking- water that complied with the distribution zone E. coli criterion 3.2.2.2 in the DWSNZ:2000, a large decrease since 2000. However, this is an artefact of the increased stringency of the E. coli monitoring requirement of the DWSNZ:2000 and does not reflect an actual decline in national drinking-water quality. Water supplied to almost 600,000 people in 106 zones listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grading failed to comply with the microbiological criteria of the DWSNZ:2000, yet these appear as complying zones according to their grading as listed in the Register. Water supplied to 71% of the population, or 24% of zones, was adequately monitored as per the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. This represents a decrease of 10% in terms of the number of adequately monitored zones and the population they served since 2000. During 2001, 98% of the population served by registered supplies lived in zones for which some monitoring was conducted. This represents no change since 2000. Monitoring received less attention in smaller supplies than larger supplies, both in terms of the percentage of zones monitored and the percentage adequately monitored.

Treatment plant monitoring For the purposes of assessing the microbiological quality of drinking-water, a treatment plant is the point at which water enters the distribution system, irrespective of whether the water is treated or not. For the treatment plant to comply microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000, water leaving the treatment plant must comply with Cryptosporidium and E. coli criteria. An estimated 70% of the population, supplied by 5% of plants, were supplied with drinking-water that fully complied with all criteria. Bacteriological compliance was demonstrated in 23% of plants supplying 82% of the population. Cryptosporidium compliance was demonstrated in 6% of plants supplying 74% of the population. In terms of compliance with the DWSNZ:1995, an estimated 89% of the population, supplied by 11% of plants, were supplied with drinking-water that complied bacteriologically. This represents an increase of 10% in terms of population since 2000. Similarly, Cryptosporidium (DWSNZ:1995) compliance was demonstrated in 20% of plants supplying 77% of the population. This represents a 2% decline in terms of population since 2000. The secure status of ‘secure groundwater’ has been verified in only 13% of groundwater supplies that were considered as such by the water supplier. This represents a decrease by 1% since 2000. Small supplies tended to be less adequately monitored and a smaller proportion were compliant with the DWSNZ:2000.

Validity of compliance monitoring Most compliance testing is now being carried out by Ministry of Health recognised laboratories. However, a few local authority (LA) supplies are still analysed with non-

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality xiii of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 registered laboratories. The LAs still using non-recognised laboratories are listed in Chapter 6. Laboratories seeking to be included on this register should apply to:

International Accreditation New Zealand 626 Great South Road, Greenlane, Auckland (09) 525 6655

DHB surveillance

Surveillance of water supplier monitoring is carried out either by surveillance testing, by an audit of water supplier monitoring or a site inspection by the DHB. Four zones were reported as compliant by the water supplier but were found to contain E. coli during DHB surveillance. Details of these supplies are given in Appendix 8.

School drinking-water supplies

School supplies comprised approximately one-third of all registered drinking-water supplies in 2001. During 2001, 300 (47%) of the schools with their own water supplies conducted bacteriological monitoring, which is virtually the same as in the previous year. Of these, 55 (9%) complied with the DWSNZ:2000 but there was little change when compliance was measured using the DWSNZ:1995.

Private and hospital drinking-water supplies

There were 764 distribution zones designated as private supplies during 2001 of which only 7% complied with the DWSNZ:2000. Only 3% of the private supplies serving commercial premises complied. This represents an increased risk to customers and tourists at these premises compared with those served by municipal supplies. At the end of 2001, 12 hospitals and health services were not connected to municipal drinking-water supplies (Table 9.4). Two of these did not comply with the DWSNZ:2000. One of these was inadequately monitored and the other was not monitored at all during 2001.

Corrective actions

The DWSNZ:2000 prescribes that any transgression is immediately followed by a corrective action and is documented. Of the 322 zones in which transgressions were reported during 2001, 51% of the corrective actions taken in response to transgressions were reported to have resolved the cause of the transgression. Corrective actions following transgressions in 149 zones were inadequate and/or tardy and were probably not carried out in a further 89 zones. This aspect has worsened since 2000.

Disinfection

Several methods of drinking-water disinfection have been reported in New Zealand, comprising chlorination, ozonation and ultra-violet irradiation. Chlorination remains the

xiv Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 most popular means of drinking-water disinfection and served three quarters of people connected to registered drinking-water supplies or 26% of the treatment plants. Supplies that were chlorinated or drew water from secure aquifers showed much greater compliance than untreated supplies or those using other types of disinfection treatment. However, other types of disinfection systems were mostly used in treatment plants serving zones communities of less than 500 people. Bacteriological compliance was demonstrated in supplies to 82% of the population on chlorinated supplies or 35% of treatment plants using chlorination. This represents a decline since 2000. Most non-compliances in chlorinated supplies were caused by lack of monitoring although 71 were found to be contaminated with E. coli during 2001. The number of treatment plants using ultraviolet-treatment is still increasing, particularly in small supplies. Ultraviolet treatment is particularly popular for treating small community supplies, particularly schools, probably because of their low costs to install and operate. However, only 24% of these supplies complied with the DWSNZ:2000. Non-compliance mostly resulted from inadequate or no monitoring although E. coli were detected in 14 of these supplies during 2001. None of the 21 treatment plants using ozone treatment complied during 2001, largely through inadequate monitoring.

Recommendations

A number of recommendations are made in this review. The key recommendations listed below address the most important issues raised. Other recommendations are listed at the end of each section and cover issues that are discussed in more detail in that section of the review.

Key recommendations

• Zones listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grading (see Appendix 6) that failed to comply with the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 should be regraded to inform the public of the current compliance status of the water supply. • Hospitals and health services with water supplies that do not presently comply with the DWSNZ:2000 should immediately implement appropriate water treatment and/or monitoring to ensure future compliance. • Water suppliers, particularly those administered by local authorities, must ensure that microbiological compliance testing is conducted only by Ministry of Health recognised laboratories. • Zones that were reported as compliant by the water supplier but non-compliant by the DHB should be thoroughly investigated and the cause of the discrepancy determined.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality xv of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Consumer Feedback

The following points are intended for people who wish to comment on this review.

The circumstances listed below indicate some doubt about the safety of drinking-water: • a drinking-water supply that is not listed in the Register. This can occur for two reasons: − a community supply serving 25 or more people for 60 or more days per year should be registered − a supply failing to reach the above population criteria does not need to be registered. • a drinking-water supply that does not comply with the DWSNZ:2000 because of: − poor microbiological water quality − unknown water quality (ie, not monitored) − inaccurate data (incorrect population figures or microbiological results).

The following steps can be taken to redress this situation. 1. Check that the water supply is listed in the Register. This should be in the local library; if not, the details can be obtained from the DHB Health Protection Officer (HPO). If the drinking-water supply is not listed, the HPO will register it. Water supplies that are listed in the Register but which are not in this review either were not surveyed or were registered after December 2001. 2. Poor microbiological water quality generally results from poor raw water quality and inadequate water treatment. These aspects should be addressed by the water supplier. 3. Unknown water quality is a result of inadequate sampling. It is the responsibility of the water supplier to ensure that microbiological sampling is sufficient to meet the requirements of the current standards (DWSNZ:2000). 4. Microbiological results may be inaccurate due to misreporting between those undertaking the monitoring (the water supplier) and those collecting the data (the DHB). This will be minimised if the water supplier uses the Water Information New Zealand (WINZ) database, developed by ESR for the Ministry of Health, which allows monitoring results to be entered by the water provider and collated centrally. Laboratory errors are another source of microbiological error; these can be minimised by using a Ministry of Health recognised laboratory. 5. A few of the population figures are missing. It would help if these could be reported, if known.

Ask your local council to find out who is responsible for the provision of drinking-water to your area. Information about points 2–4 listed above should be sought from the water supplier. Please report any inaccuracies to the Public Health Unit of your local DHB (listed in Appendix 1).

xvi Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 1 Introduction

1.1 Project specification

This project was conducted for the Ministry of Health by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (ESR).

Project description To assess national compliance of community drinking-water supplies with microbiological criteria of the drinking-water standards.

Project synopsis • Collate data from public health service providers’ (DHBs) surveillance of the effectiveness of water supply authority monitoring of the bacteriological quality of all community drinking-water supplies listed in the Register, together with the data collected in the Water Analysis and Advice project. • Critically assess data on compliance monitoring of community drinking-water supplies by LAs. • Identification of public water supplies where monitoring is inadequate. • Summarise compliance information to produce an annual register of non-compliance of community water supplies with microbiological standards, and the action taken in the event of non-compliance.

1.2 Previous surveys

Annual reports on the microbiological quality of New Zealand drinking-water supplies have been published since 1991. The annual report for the 1991 calendar year was prepared by ESR in 1993. The report provided a list of supplies for each Area Health Board or Crown Health Enterprise (CHE) for which microbiological data were available and indicated the source type for each supply, the sampling frequency and the percentage of samples that failed for each supply. The subsequent survey covered the drinking-water quality between January 1992 and December 1993 and was published by ESR in 1994. The 1992/93 survey sought information about monitoring, surveillance, corrective actions and the methods of analysis used by testing laboratories. The 1994 survey was reported by ESR in 1995 and included additional information about chlorination and chlorine control, but laboratory test methods were omitted. The 1995 survey was reported by ESR in 1996 and included additional information about the intent of the water suppliers in upgrading their monitoring to comply with the revised drinking-water standards.

Before 1996, the microbiological quality of water in the distribution zone was assessed according to the 1984 New Zealand Drinking-Water Standards (NZDWS:1984). However, since the adoption in 1996 of the DWSNZ:1995 the survey reported on microbiological quality of water in both the distribution zone and at the treatment plant. Water-quality data

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 1 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 for the 1997 to 1999 calendar years were gathered about monitoring, surveillance and corrective actions.

Since 1999 the surveys have been conducted electronically using the Microsurvey module of the WINZ database instead of using paper questionnaires as previously. Electronic collection has resulted in several benefits: improved response time, fewer transcription errors, and a simpler means of traceability. The population data in this report were taken from the 2001 Register unless a change was noted on the distribution zone questionnaire.

The questionnaires are reproduced in Appendix 2; Appendix 3 provides notes on the 2001 annual survey.

1.3 Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000

The following definitions are used in the DWSNZ:2000.

A community drinking-water supply is a publicly or privately owned drinking-water supply which serves more than 25 people for at least 60 days per year.

A water treatment plant is the point where the drinking-water supply enters the distribution system, regardless of the treatment process. For example, for a supply that is pumped directly into the distribution system without disinfection, the pump is regarded as the treatment plant.

A distribution zone is ‘the part of the drinking-water supply network within which all consumers receive drinking-water of identical quality, from the same or similar sources and with the same treatment and usually the same pressure. It is part of the supply network which is clearly separated from other parts of the network, generally by location, but in some cases by the layout of the pipe network.’

Monitoring is ‘the sampling and analysis of a drinking-water supply to test for compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 or for process control, by detecting changes in the concentrations of its constituent determinands or deviations of these from target values.’ Monitoring is the responsibility of the water supplier.

Surveillance is ‘the process of checking that the monitoring of drinking-water supplies conforms to the specifications set in the DWSNZ:2000. Note that surveillance may be conducted either by analysis of water samples collected by the DHB, or by audit of drinking-water supplies and water supplier records by the DHB. The decision to undertake surveillance using one or both of these methods is made by the DHB.

A drinking-water supply is said to be ‘in compliance with the standards’ when the results of monitoring show that the water supply satisfies the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. For the purpose of this report, compliance refers to the microbiological components of the DWSNZ:2000.

A transgression of the standards occurs when a determinand which is present in the sample exceeds the maximum acceptable value (MAV) or the compliance criteria requirements.

A water supplier is the ‘person or entity that owns, or is responsible for operating, a drinking-water supply.’

2 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 The term local authority is defined in the Local Government Act 1994 and not in the DWSNZ:1995. Local authorities (LAs) supply drinking-water to the great majority of the population. However, there are many instances in which other organisations are responsible for the provision of water to a community. For this reason, the discussion of this report uses the more general term ‘water supplier’, in most instances.

The drinking-water standards were revised in 2000 and replaced the DWSNZ:1995 on 1 January 2001. This is the first report in which compliance is measured using the DWSNZ:2000. The compliance requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 are more stringent that those of the DWSNZ:1995. As a consequence, one might expect national compliance to decline irrespective of any national trend in drinking-water quality. To help explain this phenomenon, this report differentiates between changes in actual water quality and those resulting from changes to the compliance requirements defined in the DWSNZ:1995 to DWSNZ:2000. Compliance with the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 only will be determined in future reports.

1.4 Changes to the DWSNZ:2000 that affect compliance

The 2001 annual survey uses for the first time the compliance requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. The DWSNZ:2000 have incorporated several changes to compliance criteria at both the distribution zone and treatment plant level. To understand the implications of the changes it is first necessary to describe the relevant changes to the drinking-water standards. The following compliance criteria of the DWSNZ:2000 have changed. • The tolerance for bacteriological transgression has decreased slightly at the distribution zone whereas compliance is now possible for treatment plants in which E. coli are detected whereas previously a single transgression resulted in non-compliance. • There is now a prescribed minimum number of days of the week upon which monitoring samples must be taken and a prescribed maximum number of days between successive monitoring samples. • The minimum frequency of treatment plant E. coli monitoring for surface and non- secure groundwater supplies serving 10,000 people or fewer has been reduced, including exemption from E. coli monitoring at the treatment plant for some supplies serving 100 or fewer people (mostly schools). • The minimum frequency of E. coli monitoring for surface and non-secure groundwater supplies serving 10,001 to 100,000 people has increased. • The minimum frequency of E. coli monitoring to maintain secure groundwater status has increased from 1 per two months to 1 per month. • Compliance with the protozoan compliance criteria is now much more stringent; plants using filtration without coagulation need to demonstrate their ability to remove particles in the 3–15 µm size range, and plants serving more than 10,000 people that use a coagulation/filtration process now need to continuously monitor turbidity.

As a result of these changes it is not valid to directly compare the level of compliance in previous reports that were based on the DWSNZ:1995 with compliance with the DWSNZ:2000. A supply that complied with the DWSNZ:1995 but not the DWSNZ:2000 does not necessarily reflect a reduction in the level of treatment nor a decrease in drinking-

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 3 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 water quality but may merely reflect a change in the stringency of the compliance criteria. Consequently, the data are presented in two different ways. The present status of the water supplies was reported against the DWSNZ:2000 – which is used in all the tables in this report – provides a snapshot of the present status and will serve for comparisons in future reports. However, for the purposes of comparison with the previous year’s results, the 2001 data were, where possible, converted to compliance against the DWSNZ:1995 and where appropriate referred to in the text of the report.

4 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 2 Methodology

2.1 The questionnaires

The 2001 survey had two parts, the Water Treatment Plants and the Distribution Zones (see Appendix 2). The questionnaires were designed in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and were reviewed and/or trialled by several HPOs. With the exception of a few minor details they were similar to the 2000 questionnaires. Once again, much of the 2001 survey was collected electronically using the revised Microsurvey module of WINZ and the data exported to ESR via email and processed on the computer. This improved the speed of collection, and the accuracy and traceability of the data.

Each questionnaire was divided into three sections with each section being contained on a different data entry screen on the computer (these data entry screens are illustrated in Appendix 2). The introductory section of the monitoring 1 screens for both the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires sought to verify that information in the current Register was accurate. The remainder of the monitoring 1 and monitoring 2 screens of the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires dealt with monitoring by the water supplier. The audit screens of the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires respectively dealt with questions regarding DHB surveillance.

2.1.1 Water supplier monitoring–treatment plant and source water

The aim of this section was to determine compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 with respect to E. coli (monitoring and presence) and Cryptosporidium (treatment and monitoring). The section concluded with a question to determine compliance or non-compliance with the DWSNZ:2000.

Compliance with the E. coli requirement was determined by questions on the plant monitoring 1 screen. Compliance with the Cryptosporidium requirement was determined by questions on the monitoring 2 screen.

2.1.2 DHB surveillance of water treatment plant

This section (plant audit screen) was to determine if the DHB had conducted surveillance on the treatment plant and, if so, whether surveillance of free available chlorine (FAC), E. coli and turbidity was conducted by analysis or auditing.

2.1.3 Water supplier monitoring–distribution zone

The aim of this section was to determine compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 with respect to monitoring and presence of E. coli. The section concluded with a question to determine compliance or non-compliance with the DWSNZ:2000.

A question about the seasonal variation in the population of the community supply (zone monitoring 1 screen) was included.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 5 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Compliance with the E. coli requirement was determined by questions on the zone monitoring 1 screen. Questions on the zone monitoring 2 screen sought information on the nature of transgressions that were detected during the year, the success of remedial corrective action, and whether any “Boil Water” notices were issued.

2.1.4 DHB surveillance of the distribution zone

This section (zone audit screen) was included to determine if the DHB had conducted surveillance in the distribution zone and, if so, how the surveillance of FAC and E. coli was conducted.

2.1.5 Population information

The population of the distribution zone, as given in the Register, was printed on the questionnaire. At the time of preparing the questionnaire, no population data were available for some distribution zones. In such cases the population figure pre-printed on the questionnaire was ‘0’. Health Protection Officers were asked to update the population figure if it was ‘0’ on the questionnaire. There are now only a few instances where HPOs were unable to provide information. Most of these zones were expected to serve small populations and were assigned a nominal population of fewer than 500 for inclusion in tables in which data were distributed according to population band. The normal and seasonal populations were also sought for supplies that displayed significant seasonal variation in population.

The total population as covered by the annual survey was 3,455,087. This represents 89% of the New Zealand population of 3,880,500, as derived from the June 2001 Census. The difference is mostly due to supplies that are not registered but should be and individual dwellings and small communities of less than 25 persons that are not required to be registered. Failure to update the population of communities with registered drinking-water supplies could also contribute to this difference.

There has been some double counting in this survey, mainly in zones that have transient populations. For example, children who attend a school that has a separate water supply to the town in which they live will be counted in both distribution zones. It is necessary to include these people in both supplies as they may have consumed drinking-water from both sources during the course of the year. However, it is likely that this did not cause a significant error as it is thought that only a small proportion of the population were affected in this manner. For example, the number of people reported to attend schools with their own drinking-water supplies was approximately 56,300 or 1.6% of the total population.

2.2 Questionnaire distribution

A copy of the WINZ database was taken on 13 December 2001. As no substantive changes had been made to national WINZ during the remainder of December 2001, this contained only those zones that were active at the end of 2001. This dataset was used as the basis for the 2001 survey. At that time, WINZ contained 2035 active treatment plants and 2109 distribution zones.

As in other years, HPOs were responsible for gathering the monitoring data from the water suppliers in their district. This could be carried out electronically where water suppliers

6 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 were using WINZ. Alternatively, monitoring data could be obtained by HPOs using paper questionnaires or via the telephone and entered manually into WINZ. The surveillance sections were completed only by HPOs. The upgraded WINZ programme that contained the Microsurvey module was distributed to DHBs and local authorities in December 2001. Completed questionnaires were e-mailed to ESR and incorporated into national WINZ. The completion date for the survey was set at 31 March 2002.

2.3 Coverage of the survey

By 31 March 2001, only about three quarters of the questionnaires had been returned in complete form. The deadline was extended to the middle of April and all DHBs were telephoned to remind them of the new deadline. By the end April, 2% of the data were still outstanding. The survey was closed off on 7 May and no further questionnaires were accepted after this date. At that time, questionnaires had been received for 2107 distribution zones and 2032 treatment plants, a return rate of better than 99%.

2.4 Quality control

Three tools were used to improve the consistency of the answers and the quality of the data obtained from the questionnaire for this survey. The first was a detailed explanation of the survey questions that explained the required responses to each question and was designed to promote consistency among water suppliers and HPOs. The second was a training session covering the questionnaire and the new Microsurvey module of WINZ. The training session was conducted during November of 2001 and was attended by at least one HPO from most DHBs. Attendees were provided with a booklet containing a copy of the distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires, notes to the survey, and instructions on how to use the Microsurvey module of WINZ. The third control comprised a series of checks in WINZ that occurred when water suppliers and HPOs entered their data into the AnnualSurvey module of WINZ. Certain checks did not allow the record to be closed until the requisite data were entered whereas others flagged to the user that two entries looked incompatible.

The data for all zones and plants were checked visually during the data importation process at ESR before being verified by the ESR project leader. Most of the inconsistencies were identified at this point. Once the inconsistencies were identified, the submitting HPO was contacted and the issues discussed. In most cases, discrepancies arose from misinterpretation of the DWSNZ:2000, misunderstanding of the questionnaire by water suppliers or transcription errors by HPOs. Each plant and zone that contained erroneous data was discussed with and corrected by the appropriate HPO and then re-exported to ESR. (The exception to this process was six zones that were exported from Southland, the data for which required further correction after the final deadline; these data were corrected manually by the ESR project leader in consultation with the supervising HPO.)

After the survey was closed off, the data were checked using algorithms within a spreadsheet to facilitate the process. The following checks were made to identify possible errors in the responses to various questions:

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 7 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Treatment plants

• If WINZ showed disinfection as ‘?’ and the means of disinfection was not specified. • Discrepancies between the method used to demonstrate compliance and the monitoring data. • Discrepancies between secure groundwater but not verified as being secure. • Discrepancies between compliance using continuous FAC monitoring and bacteriological compliance. • Discrepancies between bacteriological monitoring frequency adequacy and the number of bacteriological samples. • Discrepancies between bacteriological compliance as stated on the audit screen and the bacteriological transgressions in excess of the permissible frequency. • Discrepancies between secure groundwater as shown on the Monitoring 2 screen but less than minimum number of E. coli tests required to demonstrate groundwater security. • Conflicts between options in Cryptosporidium compliance against the treatment used. • The status of all laboratories was checked against the list of MoH Recognised Laboratories. • The water source was marked as entirely groundwater but WINZ indicated roof or surface water sources.

Distribution zones

• Discrepancies between overall E. coli compliance on the audit screen and FAC compliance and/or E. coli monitoring frequency and results on the monitoring 1 screen. • Conflict between inadequate corrective action and compliance on the monitoring 2 screen. • The status of all laboratories identified were checked against the list of MoH Recognised Laboratories.

Approximately 120 (mostly minor) errors that had been missed during the initial checking were detected by this process. These data were corrected by the ESR project leader in consultation with the HPO and amendments made directly into the national WINZ dataset. The exported files from each DHB and the final dataset were archived. This process enabled an audit trail of all data to be kept.

2.5 Analysis Electronic processing of the questionnaire data was completed using a module of WINZ. This module gave access to tables containing information such as population within the Register’s database.

Data summaries and searches for data correlation were carried out in Microsoft Access, then downloaded into Microsoft Excel for manipulation or incorporation into documents.

8 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 2.6 Shortcomings of the questionnaire The use of a questionnaire to obtain data has a number of shortcomings: • delays in completing the survey because of difficulties in HPOs obtaining the requisite information from water suppliers • variability in interpretation of questions and data because of the number of HPO and LA staff involved. However, this aspect was reduced by the HPO training session • transcription errors. However, the electronic format reduced transcription errors in the small number of LAs that entered the survey data directly onto WINZ • poor understanding of non-LA staff to whom the questionnaires were sent (especially small private water suppliers), many of whom have apparently still not heard of the drinking-water standards • great variability in the ease of access to water quality and treatment information that should have been formally recorded (this is perhaps related to the previous point) • variability in the stringency that different HPOs apply the DWSNZ:2000. For example, when a water supplier took one too few monitoring samples during the year, some HPOs allowed the supply to comply whereas other HPOs registered the supply as not complying.

Some of these points emphasise the importance of DHBs and LAs maintaining their own WINZ databases to streamline data collection and to allow more accurate and consistent information to be readily obtained.

Cross-checking carried out during compilation of the survey data revealed a number of obvious errors that were made during the completion of about 10% of the survey forms. This error rate was lower than the 25% reported for the previous survey, which is encouraging.

Tardy responses to this survey is an ongoing problem that worsened markedly this year. In part it was due to difficulties in contacting water suppliers; this was especially so for small and remote communities. In the main, HPOs dealt with these supplies by noting that they were unable to contact these supplies on or about the original deadline. In addition, one school water supplier reportedly refused to divulge their monitoring data, citing the Privacy Act. If true, this is disturbing and should be addressed promptly. However, there were several instances this year where the delay was caused at the DHB. There were problems with getting the latest version of WINZ installed correctly at several DHBs. The main causes of this problem seem to be inadequate computer hardware/networks, delays in installation of the WINZ software and failure to follow the WINZ installation instructions by DHB IT staff, and HPOs not beginning the task early enough (after the deadline in one or two cases).

Recommendations That water suppliers continue to be encouraged to enter water quality data on to WINZ regularly. That a mechanism be developed to ensure regular updates of the community populations in WINZ. That HPOs take steps to ensure that the smaller drinking-water suppliers are aware of the DWSNZ:2000. That the late return of survey data by DHBs be resolved.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 9 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 3 Overview of Drinking-water Supplies

Survey information was requested from all registered drinking-water treatment plants and distribution zones in the country; information was received from more than 99% of supplies. As noted in Section 2.2, the results of the survey relate to those that had been defined on 13 December 2001. This is summarised in terms of the size of the population band in Table 3.1 and in terms of individual health districts in Table 3.2.

Table 3.1: Numbers and populations of distribution zones and treatment plants

Distribution Zones Treatment Plants

Population Band Population Zones Population Plants

Pop. % Pop No. % Zones % Pop. No. % TPs

<500 182,833 5% 1717 81% 3% 1650 81% 500–999 74,635 2% 117 6% 1% 103 5% 1000–4999 364,781 11% 162 8% 6% 164 8% 5000–19,999 656,531 19% 72 3% 9% 65 3% 20,000–49,999 978,407 28% 31 1% 16% 28 1% 50,000–99,999 325,300 9% 5 0.2% 15% 15 0.7% 100,000+ 872,600 25% 5 0.2% 50% 10 0.5% Total 3,455,087 2109 2035

Note: The discrepancy between the percentages of the zone and plant populations for each population band is caused by the doubling-up of people in plant populations where a zone is supplied by more than one plant.

Table 3.2: Number of distribution zones and populations supplied in the health districts

Number of Distribution Zones and Percentage Population in Different Population Bands Health <500 500–999 1000–4999 5000–19,999 20,000–49,999 50,000–99,999 100,000+ District Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop. Zones % Pop.

Northland 227 18% 10 5% 10 19% 3 16% 1 42% 0 0% 0 0% Auckland 175 2% 13 0.7% 13 3% 9 8% 8 23% 2 12% 3 52% Waikato 148 7% 10 2% 21 20% 9 28% 0 0% 0 0% 1 43% Tauranga 40 3% 2 0.9% 6 13% 2 10% 2 74% 0 0% 0 0% Rotorua 75 9% 10 7% 6 14% 4 27% 1 42% 0 0% 0 0% Whakatane 29 9% 3 5% 6 28% 3 58% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Gisborne 53 10% 1 2% 0 0% 0 0% 1 88% 0 0% 0 0% Taranaki 70 6% 5 4% 9 23% 3 26% 1 41% 0 0% 0 0% Hawkes Bay 101 6% 6 3% 6 10% 2 18% 3 64% 0 0% 0 0% Wanganui 44 8% 1 1% 5 15% 1 8% 1 68% 0 0% 0 0% Manawatu 70 5% 3 1% 10 16% 3 21% 1 13% 1 44% 0 0% Wairarapa 27 9% 1 2% 4 31% 1 58% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Hutt Valley 23 0.5% 1 0.2% 7 5% 16 51% 4 28% 1 15% 0 0% Nelson 58 10% 3 3% 4 9% 1 16% 2 61% 0 0% 0 0% Marlborough 77 21% 3 4% 3 19% 0 0% 1 56% 0 0% 0 0% West Coast 69 28% 0 0% 4 30% 2 42% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Canterbury 195 7% 20 3% 18 9% 5 12% 1 7% 1 17% 1 44% S. Canterbury 46 12% 5 6% 8 32% 0 0% 1 49% 0 0% 0 0% Otago 124 9% 14 6% 12 17% 6 27% 2 40% 0 0% 0 0% Southland 66 8% 6 5% 10 21% 2 16% 1 50% 0 0% 0 0%

Total 1717 5% 117 2% 162 11% 72 19% 31 28% 5 9% 5 25%

10 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 As the sizes of the populations served by treatment plants are not recorded in the Register, it was necessary to estimate the treatment plant populations for several aspects of water treatment plants to be examined. As in the previous reports, the population served by each treatment plant was estimated by addition of the populations of all distribution zones supplied by the treatment plant. This overestimates the population where one zone is supplied by more than one treatment plant. Consequently, actual populations served by treatment plants are not used in this report; where cited, the percentage of the population served by treatment plants is referred to as an estimate.

This survey comprised data from 2109 distribution zones and 2035 treatment plants and covered an approximate population of 3,455,000 people, as listed in WINZ. Table 3.1 classes the zones according to their population. The population bands used in the tables are the same as those used in previous reports.

It is clear from the tables that the relative importance of a population band in the survey depends on whether the analysis is based on treatment plant, distribution zone or population. Distribution zones with populations less than 500 are the most numerous, constituting 81% of the zones surveyed, but they contain only 5% of the surveyed population. In contrast, the ten zones that serve 50,000 or more people, on the other hand, constitute approximately one third of the population. The same trend is true for treatment plants. The number of registered zones increased progressively from 502 to 983 to 1180 to 1340 to 1512 to 1865 to 2054 and to 2109 in the successive years from 1994 to 2001. This is indicative of the ongoing success of the programme of registering new and existing drinking-water supplies, mostly serving small communities.

For the purposes of evaluating the public health significance of the water quality data contained in this report, the data need to be analysed in terms of the population affected. Expression of the results in terms of zone numbers may be of more value for purposes of regulation and water supply management. Data are therefore summarised in both ways.

Distribution zones and treatment plants are considered separately because zone and plant compliance are affected by different factors.

Table 3.3 contains a summary of the number and proportion of zones that are managed by, or on behalf of, LAs. This information is split into different sized populations. Local authorities manage 35% of the water supplies supplying 95% of the people served by registered supplies. Most of the larger community supplies are managed by LAs. However, a majority of zones serving communities of less than 500 people are privately operated.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 11 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 3.3: Number of local authority-owned/managed distribution zones in each health district

LA-operated distribution zones in different population bands Health district % of % of <500 500–999 1000–4999 5000–19,999 20,000– 50,000– 100,000+ 49,999 99,999 pop Zones No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No % . Northland 81% 14% 17 7% 6 60% 9 90% 3 100% 1 100% 0 - 0 - Auckland 98% 28% 23 13% 7 54% 11 85% 9 100% 8 100% 2 100% 3 100% Waikato 95% 41% 40 27% 8 80% 20 95% 9 100% 0 - 0 - 1 100% Tauranga 95% 23% 2 5% 1 50% 5 83% 2 100% 2 100% 0 - 0 - Rotorua 94% 42% 21 28% 8 80% 6 100% 4 100% 1 100% 0 - 0 - Whakatane 94% 41% 5 17% 3 100%6 100%3 100% 0 - 0 - 0 - Gisborne 90% 9% 3 6% 1 100% 0 - 0 - 1 100% 0 - 0 - Taranaki 96% 33% 12 17% 5 100% 8 89% 3 100% 1 100% 0 - 0 - Hawkes Bay 95% 27% 16 16% 6 100% 5 83% 2 100% 3 100% 0 - 0 - Wanganui 92% 31% 9 20% 1 100% 4 80% 1 100% 1 100% 0 - 0 - Manawatu 85% 27% 10 14% 2 67% 8 80% 2 67% 1 100% 1 100% 0 - Wairarapa 91% 24% 3 11% 0 - 4 100%1 100% 0 - 0 - 0 - Hutt Valley 99.6% 60% 2 9% 1 100% 7 100% 16 100% 4 100% 1 100% 0 - Nelson 91% 26% 10 17% 1 33% 4 100% 1 100% 2 100% 0 - 0 - Marlborough 75% 10% 3 4% 2 67% 2 67% 0 - 1 100% 0 - 0 - West Coast 89% 37% 22 32% 0 - 4 100% 2 100% 0 - 0 - 0 - Canterbury 93% 49% 83 43% 16 80% 12 67% 5 100% 1 100% 1 100% 1 100% S. Canterbury 86% 50% 19 41% 3 60% 7 88% 0 - 1 100% 0 - 0 - Otago 97% 52% 49 40% 14 100% 11 92% 6 100% 2 100% 0 - 0 - Southland 94% 45% 21 32% 5 83% 9 90% 2 100% 1 100% 0 - 0 - Total 95% 35% 370 22% 117 100% 142 88% 71 99% 31 100% 5 100% 5 100%

12 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 4 Drinking-water Monitoring in the Distribution Zone

4.1 Adequacy of monitoring

There are two aspects of the distribution zone monitoring regime that must be examined when assessing the adequacy of monitoring for microbiological compliance: whether a sufficient number of E. coli samples were taken for the population supplied in the zone, and whether FAC monitoring was used as a partial replacement for E. coli testing and, if so, whether the frequency and results of FAC monitoring satisfied the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 with respect to FAC concentration, pH and turbidity. The criteria for these assessments are set out in the table contained in Section 3.3.2.1 of DWSNZ:2000.

The minimum sampling frequency for E. coli in distribution zones is specified in Tables 3.2 a and b of the DWSNZ:2000. This can be reduced if the water is effectively treated with chlorine and adequate FAC monitoring occurs. However, FAC monitoring was attempted in only two zones (0.1%), both of which demonstrated compliance with the FAC requirement. Consequently, assessment of the adequacy of monitoring of all but a very few zones was made using the E. coli sampling frequency criterion.

The supplies for which questionnaires were not returned were scored as not monitored unless otherwise indicated.

4.1.1 Classification by health district

Table 4.1 summarises information about the number of zones being monitored and the adequacy of their monitoring; Table 4.2 gives the same information as percentages of the total number of zones contained in the survey.

The number of zones in a particular health district ranged from 33 in the case of Wairarapa to 251 in Northland. Significant changes in the number of registered zones were observed in three health districts. Northland and the West Coast newly registered 20 and 16 mainly small supplies respectively in 2001 whereas 11 small supplies were deregistered in Marlborough during the same period.

Table 4.1: Summary of the adequacy of monitoring in distribution zones

Total No. Zones Monitored Adequately Not Monitored Monitoring Neither in Survey Monitored Status Monitored nor Health District Unknown Surveyed

2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000

Northland 251 231 114 85 24 38 137 146 0 2 73 103 Auckland 223 220 125 100 73 70 98 120 0 1 97 84 Waikato 189 186 160 149 86 99 29 37 0 0 26 36 Tauranga 52 55 19 19 3 10 33 36 0 0 17 20 Rotorua 96 95 51 58 28 44 45 37 0 0 18 14 Whakatane 41 41 27 24 10 13 14 17 0 2 2 2 Gisborne 55 60 16 12 4 9 39 48 0 0 23 4 Taranaki 88 91 48 55 14 24 40 36 0 0 12 25

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 13 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Hawkes Bay 118 110 55 49 28 20 63 61 0 0 55 46 Wanganui 52 51 26 29 15 10 26 22 0 0 6 9 Manawatu 88 87 44 49 18 33 44 38 0 0 20 6 Wairarapa 33 29 20 21 0 15 13 8 0 0 2 7 Hutt Valley 52 52 40 39 37 36 12 13 0 0 10 4 Nelson 68 67 50 51 26 29 18 16 0 0 1 3 Marlborough 84 95 17 18 0 8 67 77 0 1 18 6 West Coast 75 59 28 28 22 20 47 31 0 0 29 30 Canterbury 241 237 180 174 54 89 61 63 0 0 44 44 S. Canterbury 60 53 33 32 21 24 27 21 0 17 16 21 Otago 158 155 113 114 14 73 45 41 0 0 6 10 Southland 85 80 46 59 27 44 39 21 3 0 8 2 Total 2109 2054 1212 1165 504 708 897 889 3 23 483 476

Note: ‘Neither Monitored nor Surveyed’ means those zones that were not included in a monitoring programme or in a DHB surveillance programme.

The monitoring status of distribution zones was very similar to the previous year with one exception; 24% of zones were adequately monitored in 2001 compared to 2000 (Table 4.2). This sharp decline is an artefact of the questionnaire used in this survey. Zone monitoring is classed as adequate when all three monitoring criteria (minimum number of samples, minimum number of days per week sampled and maximum interval between successive samples) are satisfied. These criteria have not changed between the DWSNZ:1995 and DWSNZ:2000. However, the 2001 survey sought, for the first time, information about each of these three criteria. In previous years this information was recorded in a single question about the monitoring frequency, which required assessment of the same three criteria without requiring individual answers to be recorded. It is entirely possible that the decrease in adequate monitoring was an artefact caused by incorrect information being supplied in previous years rather than reduced monitoring by water suppliers during 2001.

Appreciable increases (ie 10% or more) in the proportion of monitored zones were observed in the Auckland health district during 2001. However, monitoring declined appreciably in the Southland, Wairarapa and West Coast health districts. This result was probably affected by the lack of appreciation of the monitoring requirements on the DWSNZ:2000 by the water suppliers in the newly registered zones in the Wairarapa and West Coast health districts.

Table 4.2: Adequacy of zone monitoring expressed as percentages

Total No. Zones Monitored Adequately Not Monitored Monitoring Neither in Survey Monitored Status Monitored nor Health District Unknown Surveyed

2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000 2001 2000

Northland 251 231 45% 37% 10% 16% 55% 63% 0% 1% 29% 45% Auckland 223 220 56% 45% 33% 32% 44% 55% 0% 0% 43% 38% Waikato 189 186 85% 80% 46% 53% 15% 20% 0% 0% 14% 19% Tauranga 52 55 37% 35% 6% 18% 63% 65% 0% 0% 33% 36% Rotorua 96 95 53% 61% 29% 46% 47% 39% 0% 0% 19% 15% Whakatane 41 41 66% 59% 24% 32% 34% 41% 0% 5% 5% 5% Gisborne 55 60 29% 20% 7% 15% 71% 80% 0% 0% 42% 7% Taranaki 88 91 55% 60% 16% 26% 45% 40% 0% 0% 14% 27% Hawkes Bay 118 110 47% 45% 24% 18% 53% 55% 0% 0% 47% 42% Wanganui 52 51 50% 57% 29% 20% 50% 43% 0% 0% 12% 18%

14 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Manawatu 88 87 50% 56% 20% 38% 50% 44% 0% 0% 23% 7% Wairarapa 33 29 61% 72% 0% 52% 39% 28% 0% 0% 6% 24% Hutt Valley 52 52 77% 75% 71% 69% 23% 25% 0% 0% 19% 8% Nelson 68 67 74% 76% 38% 43% 26% 24% 0% 0% 1% 4% Marlborough 84 95 20% 19% 0% 8% 80% 81% 0% 1% 21% 6% West Coast 75 59 37% 47% 29% 34% 63% 53% 0% 0% 39% 51% Canterbury 241 237 75% 73% 22% 38% 25% 27% 0% 0% 18% 19% S. Canterbury 60 53 55% 60% 35% 45% 45% 40% 0% 32% 27% 40% Otago 158 155 72% 74% 9% 47% 28% 26% 0% 0% 4% 6.5% Southland 85 80 54% 74% 32% 55% 46% 26% 4% 0% 9% 3% Total 2109 2054 57% 57% 24% 34% 43% 43% 0.1% 1% 23% 23%

Table 4.3: Distribution zone monitoring expressed in terms of population

Total Population Supplied By: Health Population Monitored Zones Complying Zones Zones Adequately Zones Not Zones Neither District Covered by Monitored Monitored or of Monitored nor the Survey Unknown Status Surveyed

Northland 113,034 99,850 88% 91,232 81% 84,862 75% 13,184 12% 7581 7% Auckland 1,125,577 1,118,158 99% 1,098,633 98% 1,100,278 98% 7,419 1% 7,369 0.7% Waikato 269,235 266,762 99% 218,441 81% 230,423 86% 2,473 1% 1,973 0.7% Tauranga 121,478 118,927 98% 90,450 74% 90,450 74% 2,551 2% 806 0.7% Rotorua 100,243 95,186 95% 20,689 21% 24,179 24% 5,057 5% 914 0.9% Whakatane 38,110 36,810 97% 20,220 53% 25,020 66% 1,300 3% 70 0.2% Gisborne 34,171 32,311 95% 31,150 91% 31,150 91% 1,860 5% 822 2% Taranaki 86,484 85,148 98% 59,787 69% 59,891 69% 1,336 2% 348 0.4% Hawkes Bay 129,148 125,828 97% 120,434 93% 120,464 93% 3,320 3% 3045 2% Wanganui 60,367 58,790 97% 11,074 18% 11,884 20% 1,577 3% 433 0.7% Manawatu 148,472 145,663 98% 113,845 77% 118,460 80% 2,809 2% 1241 0.8% Wairarapa 32,679 31,334 96% 0 0% 0 0% 1,345 4% 55 0.2% Hutt Valley 358,921 358,166 99.8% 357,991 99.7% 358,071 99.8% 755 0.2% 650 0.2% Nelson 65,335 63,975 98% 57,920 89% 58,790 90% 1,360 2% 35 0.1% Marlborough 36,644 30,020 82% 28,631 78% 0 0% 6,624 18% 1692 5% West Coast 25,634 22,410 87% 18,930 74% 22,158 86% 3,224 13% 1984 8% Canterbury 400,438 392,964 98% 29,014 7% 33,102 8% 7,474 2% 5,287 1% S. Canterbury 54,362 52,247 96% 42,987 79% 47,197 87% 2,115 4% 1003 2% Otago 160,251 151,761 95% 6,185 4% 8,095 5% 8,490 5% 108 0.1% Southland 94,504 89,227 94% 9,947 11% 22,233 24% 6,897 7% 2045 2.2% Total 3,455,087 3,375,537 98% 2,427,560 70% 2,446,707 71% 81,170 2% 37,461 1%

Table 4.3 summarises the monitoring data on a health district basis and approximate figures for the populations affected. Although only 57% of the zones in the survey were monitored (Table 4.2), this represented the water supplied to approximately 98% of the population served by registered supplies. There were three health districts with less than 90% of the population living in registered zones that were monitored during 2001: Northland (increased by 1% to 88%), Marlborough (remained at 82%) and West Coast (fell 4% to 87%) between 2000 and 2001. The comparatively poor reported monitoring in the Marlborough and Northland health districts was mainly due to the relatively high proportion of water supplies serving fewer than 500 people (91% compared with 81% for all of New Zealand) and that were not monitored.

Compared to the previous year, the proportion of the population supplied with drinking- water that was monitored remained static at 98%. In comparison, the proportion of consumers on adequately monitored drinking-water supplies decreased from 90% to 71% during 2001. This deccline was mostly caused by the failure of water suppliers to adopt the

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 15 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ:2000, which are more stringent that those prescribed in the DWSNZ:1995 (refer to Section 12.1 of this report).

The number of zones in which there was no recorded microbiological monitoring increased slightly from 889 during 2000 to 897 in 2001 (see Table 4.1), which represented 2% of the total population (see Table 4.3). Most of these zones supplied small populations.

Approximately 1% of the population lived in zones where neither monitoring nor DHB surveillance was undertaken during 2001. The number of zones without monitoring or surveillance increased slightly from 476 during 2000 to 483 during 2001. The population served by unmonitored and unsurveyed zones was 5% or more in three health districts. There was no microbiological analysis recorded for 73 distribution zones in the Northland health district (a decrease of 30 since 2000), serving 7% of the population in that district. Similarly, drinking-water supplied to 8% of the population in the West Coast district and 5% of the population in the Marlborough health district had neither microbiological monitoring nor surveillance testing recorded during 2001.

There are also degrees of non-compliance with the monitoring requirements. For example, a zone may have failed to comply with the monitoring frequency requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 by taking one sample too few during the year, or by being grossly under- monitored. However, some leniency was given in respect to the former situation. If the HPO was convinced that technical non-compliance was caused by omission of a single sample as a result of a one-off event, then the zone may have been classified as ‘adequately monitored’.

4.1.2 Classification by population band

Classification by population band (Table 4.4) provides further insight into how the population of the zones covered by the survey influences their management, in particular the degree to which they are monitored and the adequacy of the monitoring.

16 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 4.4: Adequacy of distribution zone monitoring data by population band

Monitored Adequately Monitored Neither Monitored nor Surveyed Population Population Zones Population Zones Population Zones Band No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of No. % of Total Total Total Total Total Total

< 500 121,549 66% 839 49% 54,435 30% 297 17% 32,545 18% 475 28% 500–999 66,769 89% 102 87% 22,242 30% 34 29% 3,516 5% 7 6% 1000–4999 360,981 99% 159 98% 220,735 61% 92 57% 1,400 0% 1 0.6% 5000–19,999 649,931 99% 71 99% 464,044 71% 49 68% 0 0% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 978,407 100% 31 100% 732,351 75% 24 77% 0 0% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 325,300 100% 5 100% 255,300 78% 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% 100,000+ 872,600 100% 5 100% 697,600 80% 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% Total 3,375,537 98% 1212 57% 2,446,707 71% 50424% 37,461 1% 483 23%

The data in Table 4.4 confirm that monitoring received less attention in supplies for smaller populations than it did in the larger ones. This may have been caused by the relatively low priority given to monitoring when water supply resources were allocated. However, water suppliers in many small zones were again reported to have been unaware of the microbiological monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ:2000, which may also have contributed to this situation. While this situation is understandable in the case of some private water supplies, it should not apply to water supplies administered by local authorities, all of whom have received copies of the DWSNZ:2000 and previous annual reports on the microbiological quality of the drinking-water supplies in their district.

All of the zones serving 20,000 people or more were monitored during 2001. Four zones with populations above 1000 were not monitored: Ross Creek, Dunedin was amalgamated with the Low Levels/Peninsula zone at the end of 2000 and appears in this list merely because this change was not notified; Amberley Town (Hurunui District Council), Alliance Lorneville (a private supply in the Southland district) and Mangonui-Cooper’s Beach (a private supply in the Far North district). The percentage of zones monitored gradually decreased to 87% as the zone population fell to 500. Just under half of the distribution zones serving populations of less than 500 people were monitored during 2001. This represents a marginal decline in overall monitoring since the 2000 survey.

There was also a decrease in the percentage of zones monitored adequately during 2001 (24%) compared with 2000 (34%). Of the zones serving 20,000 or more people, nine were inadequately monitored: Rotorua City (Rotorua District Council), Wanganui City (Wanganui District Council), Blenheim (Marlborough District Council), Central-, West- and North-west Christchurch (Christchurch City Council), Booth Road and Low Levels/Peninsula, Dunedin (Dunedin City Council) and Invercargill City (Invercargill City Council). All of these failed to meet the minimum days of the week and/or maximum interval between successive samples requirements specified in the DWSNZ:2000 but would have complied with the DWSNZ:1995.

4.2 Compliance

There are two factors that must be taken into account when the microbiological compliance of distribution zones is being evaluated. These are: whether the sampling frequency and

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 17 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 distribution meet the guidelines set out in Tables 3.2 a and b of the DWSNZ:2000 respectively, and whether the samples are free of E. coli. The question of monitoring adequacy has already been discussed in Section 4.1.

This section examines the overall microbiological compliance of the zones, using the monitoring frequency data together with information about the microbiological quality of the samples taken. As with the monitoring adequacy data, the compliance data have been presented in a number of tables providing different aspects of the same information. Detailed compliance information for each zone included in the survey is contained in Appendix 4.

Microbiological compliance was determined for each distribution zone on the basis of questions at the bottom of the Monitoring 1 screen of the AnnualSurvey module on WINZ. These sought to determine: • whether E. coli testing was carried out in a registered laboratory. • the number of compliance monitoring samples tested for E. coli during 2001. • whether the sampling frequency was in accordance with the DWSNZ:2000. • the number of routine monitoring samples that contained E. coli. • whether or not corrective action was undertaken by the water supplier in the event of an E. coli transgression and, if so, whether the corrective action satisfied the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000.

Microbiological compliance is determined by the monitoring frequency, which is dependent on the zone population (see Table 3.2a of the DWSNZ:2000), the results (ie, the number of samples containing E. coli should not exceed the maximum as specified in Section 3.2.2 of the DWSNZ:20001and the adequacy of any corrective action undertaken following any E. coli transgressions (see Figure 3.4 of the DWSNZ:2000). Only if all criteria are satisfied can the zone be said to comply microbiologically with DWSNZ:2000. In other words, although all samples taken from a zone may be of acceptable microbiological quality, if insufficient samples have been taken it is not possible to ascertain whether the water is of this quality for an acceptable portion of the time. The zone would therefore not comply. Similarly, monitoring samples that were tested in a laboratory not on the list of MoH Recognised Laboratories are not eligible to be used to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ: 2000.

4.2.1 Classification by health district

Table 4.5 presents compliance data categorised by health district.

1 A more complete specification is given in Appendix 5

18 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 4.5: Summary of distribution zone monitoring compliance data

E. coli Compliance E. coli Transgression Inadequate/ Not Monitored Inadequate Monitoring * Non-registered Laboratory Total No. Slow Corrective Action Health District DZs No. Pop * DZs # No. Pop DZs No. Pop DZs No. Pop DZs No. Pop DZs No. Pop DZs

Northland 251 30 81% 12% 25 3% 10% 17 2% 7% 137 12% 55% 90 13% 36% 1 0% 0% Auckland 223 59 98% 26% 32 1% 14% 29 0.4% 13% 98 0.7% 44% 52 2% 23% 4 0% 2% Waikato 189 69 81% 37% 39 6% 21% 5 0.08% 3% 29 0.9% 15% 74 13% 39% 8 3% 4% Tauranga 52 3 74% 6% 2 8% 4% 1 5% 2% 33 2% 63% 16 23% 31% 0 0% 0% Rotorua 96 25 21% 26% 8 13% 8% 0 0% 0% 45 5% 47% 23 71% 24% 0 0% 0% Whakatane 41 5 53% 12% 11 34% 27% 6 22% 15% 14 3% 34% 17 31% 41% 0 0% 0% Gisborne 55 4 91% 7% 3 1% 5% 3 1% 5% 39 5% 71% 12 3% 22% 0 0% 0% Taranaki 88 13 69% 15% 6 2% 7% 1 0.03% 1% 40 2% 45% 34 29% 39% 5 0.6% 6% Hawkes Bay 118 27 93% 23% 4 0.6% 3% 1 0.07% 0.8% 63 3% 53% 27 4% 23% 6 0% 5% Wanganui 52 11 18% 21% 6 2% 12% 2 0.6% 4% 26 3% 50% 11 78% 21% 2 5% 4% Manawatu 88 12 77% 14% 18 5% 20% 15 5% 17% 44 2% 50% 26 18% 30% 6 0.6% 7% Wairarapa 33 0 0% 0% 7 3% 21% 2 0.9% 6% 13 4% 39% 20 96% 61% 0 0% 0% Hutt Valley 52 36 99.7% 69% 1 0.02% 2% 1 0.02% 2% 12 0.2% 23% 3 0% 6% 0 0% 0% Nelson 68 23 89% 34% 11 2% 16% 2 0.1% 3% 18 2% 26% 24 8% 35% 0 0% 0% Marlborough 84 9 78% 11% 3 2% 4% 2 2% 2% 67 18% 80% 17 82% 20% 0 0% 0% West Coast 75 13 74% 17% 9 13% 12% 5 6% 7% 47 13% 63% 6 1% 8% 0 0% 0% Canterbury 241 46 7% 19% 51 5% 21% 34 4% 14% 61 2% 25% 126 90% 52% 20 7% 8% S. Canterbury 60 11 79% 18% 16 14% 27% 2 1% 3% 27 4% 45% 12 9% 20% 1 0.7% 2% Otago 158 11 4% 7% 43 11% 27% 26 5% 16% 45 5% 28% 99 90% 63% 2 0.7% 1% Southland 85 18 11% 21% 7 0.7% 8% 3 0.08% 4% 39 6% 46% 19 71% 22% 1 1% 1% Total 2109 425 70% 20% 302 4% 14% 157 2% 7% 897 2% 43% 708 27% 34% 56 1% 3%

Note: DZs # refers to the percentage of zones in that health district. pop * refers to the percentage of the population in that health district.

* A zone is adequately monitored if it complies in all respects with the monitoring requirements defined in the DWSNZ:2000 (ie. samples must be taken at or in excess of the minimum sampling frequency (Table 3.2a of the DWSNZ:2000), at or in excess of the minimum number of days of the week and not exceeding the maximum interval between successive samples (Table 3.2b of the DWSNZ:2000) and tested by a MoH Recognised Laboratory). A zone is inadequately monitored if it does not comply with all of the above requirements.

Annual Report on the Microbiological Quality 19 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 It should be noted that this table specifies compliance or the causes of non-compliance and includes each of the reasons why a supply did not comply. Consequently the totals do not appear to add up because a non-complying zone may have failed to comply with one or more compliance criteria, so were scored in each.

Information about the population supplied from zones that complied microbiologically with DWSNZ:2000 is contained in Table 4.3. Nationally, 70% of the population served by registered supplies was supplied with drinking-water that complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000. This is a large decrease from 86% in 2000 and represents a corresponding decrease in complying zones from 25% in 2000 to 20% in 2001. A number of factors have influenced this result. The most significant is the more stringent monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 compared with those of the DWSNZ:1995. In addition, the population covered by the survey increased by more than 124,000 during this period. However, the degree of compliance was highly variable among health districts, ranging from 0% to 99.7% of the district population. This phenomenon was largely caused by the differing attitudes of HPOs; faced with a zone that complied except for the minimum days of the week or maximum interval between successive monitoring samples, some HPOs assessed the supply to comply (as is their perogative) while others adhered strictly to the technical compliance as defined in WINZ. Neither of these approaches is incorrect. However, because of this, there is little point in scrutinising the differences between the compliance rates in different health districts.

A total of 1684 distribution zones did not comply with the DWSNZ:2000 during 2001, an increase of 149 over the previous year. However, while this was influenced by the increase by 55 in the number if newly-registered zones, most of this change was an artefact of the increased stringency in the monitoring requirements as previously indicated. The numbers of zones failing to comply for various reasons are summarised in Table 4.6.

As with previous surveys, the predominant reason for failure to comply was a lack of any documented monitoring and this accounted for 43% of distribution zone failures. Similarly, the second most frequent cause of failure in 2001 was inadequate monitoring, which occurred in 34% of zones. Taken together, this indicates an increase in the number of water suppliers that began monitoring zones during 2001 but for which insufficient samples were taken.

The number of zones demonstrated to have poor microbiological water quality (ie, as indicated by having E. coli detected in more than maximum permitted number of monitoring samples2) increased from 272 to 302 between 2000 and 2001. This means that in 2001, 4% of the population was served by supplies that were contaminated with E. coli more often than is permitted for compliant zones (Table 4.5). Taken in context, this is likely to have been caused by the increased number of monitored zones, particularly those serving small communities which generally have less sophisticated water treatment and therefore can be expected to have poorer quality reticulated water. Water suppliers that conducted microbiological sampling for the first time during 2001, and whose drinking- water was found to be faecally-contaminated, will hopefully contemplate installing or improving their water treatment systems.

The number of zones where failure to comply was caused by inadequate, slow or no corrective action following a E. coli transgression increased from 140 during 2000 to 157 in 2001. This represents 7% of zones (Table 4.6) or 2% of people (Table 4.5) served by registered drinking-water supplies.

2 Refer to Appendix 5

20 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

During 2001, 56 zones failed to comply because testing was not carried out in a MoH Recognised Laboratory. This is a significant improvement since 2000 when 108 zones fell into this category. This aspect is more fully discussed in Section 6.

The main causes of non-compliance in zones supplying 5000 or more consumers in 2001 were:

Auckland health district: • inadequate monitoring by the Franklin District Council of the Victoria Avenue supply.

Waikato health district: • inadequate monitoring of the South Waikato District Council supply at Tokoroa (days-of-week) and the Ruapehu District Council supply at Taumaranui* • failure of the Ruapehu District Council to use a registered laboratory for compliance testing of the Taumaranui* supply.

Tauranga health district: • too many samples contaminated with E. coli and failure to conduct appropriate and timely corrective action of the Western Bay of Plenty District Council supply at Te Puke

• inadequate monitoring (days-of-week) of the Western Bay of Plenty District Council supply at Katikati.

Whakatane health district:

• too many samples contaminated with E. coli and failure to conduct appropriate and timely corrective action of the Kawerau District Council supply at Kawerau*.

Rotorua health district: • inadequate monitoring by the Rotorua District Council of supplies at Rotorua Eastern Suburbs (days-of-week) and Rotorua City (days-of-week and interval) • inadequate monitoring of the Taupo District Council supply at Turangi*.

Taranaki health district: • inadequate monitoring (days-of-week) of the South Taranaki District Council supply at Hawera.

Wanganui health district: • inadequate monitoring (days-of-week and interval) by the Wanganui District Council of the Wanganui City supply.

Manawatu health district:

• inadequate monitoring (days-of-week) by the Tararua District Council of the Dannevirke supply

• inadequate monitoring (days-of-week and interval) by the Manawatu District Council of the Feilding supply.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 21 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Wairarapa health district:

• inadequate monitoring (days-of-week and interval) by the Masterton District Council of the Masterton supply.

Canterbury health district:

• inadequate monitoring (days-of-week) by the Christchurch City Council of the Parklands and Riccarton supplies

• inadequate monitoring (days-of-week and interval) by the Christchurch City Council of the Central, North-West and West Christchurch supplies

• failure of the Waimakariri District Council to use a registered laboratory for compliance testing of, and inadequate monitoring of the Kaiapoi* and Rangiora* supplies.

Otago health district: • inadequate monitoring (days-of-week and interval) by the Dunedin City Council of the Booth Road, Green Island, Low Levels/Peninsula, and Mosgiel supplies • inadequate monitoring of the Maori Hill (Dunedin City Council), North End Oamaru (Waitaki District Council) and Alexandra (Central Otago District Council) supplies.

Southland health district: • inadequate monitoring (days-of-week) by the Invercargill City Council of the Invercargill City supply • inadequate monitoring of the West Gore* (Gore City Council) and the Queenstown (Queenstown Lakes District Council) supplies. In the case of the Queenstown supply, the monitoring programme failed only in that it did not take into account the increased sampling rate required during the peak season when the population doubles. During this period, sampling needs to be conducted at least the equivalent of 22 samples per calendar quarter instead of the usual 16 samples per quarter as the population increasesd from 8000 to approximately 16,000 people.

* Supplies that failed for the same reason in 2000.

22 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 4.6: Reasons for non-compliance in the distribution zone

Zones not complying

Reason for 2001 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 non-compliance No. % % % % % % %

E. coli fail 302 14% 11% 15% 12% 16% 21% 29% Inadequate corrective action 157 7% 6% 1% 1% N/A N/A N/A Not monitored 897 43% 55% 57% 71% 64% 60% 44% Inadequately monitored 708 34% 14% 18% 18% 19% 24% 30% Non-registered laboratory 56 3% 9% 17% N/A - - - Questionnaires not returned 3 0.1% 0.4% 1% 2% 9% 3% 3% Total 1684 80%

The trend in the proportions of the various causes of non-compliance in zones can be seen in Table 4.6. Non-compliance due to unmonitored zones and use of laboratories other than MoH Recognised Laboratories is trending downward. The increased proportion of zones that were inadequately monitored is to be expected given the large increase in zone monitoring of small supplies that previously did no monitoring at all. However, the increase in zones that received inadequate corrective action following a transgression is of concern.

4.2.2 Classification by population band

Table 4.7 sets out the degree of compliance by population band.

Table 4.7: Compliance monitoring in the distribution zone by population band

Complying Total Population Population in Zones Distribution Zones No. of Population Band Zones No. % of No. % of Total Total

<500 1717 182,833 41,513 23% 232 14% 500–999 117 74,635 19,672 26% 30 26% 1000–4999 162 364,781 204,578 56% 82 51% 5000–19,999 72 656,531 456,044 69% 48 67% 20,000–49,999 31 978,407 752,853 77% 25 81% 50,000–99,999 5 325,300 255,300 78% 4 80% 100,000+ 5 872,600 697,600 80% 4 80% Total 2109 3,455,087 2,427,560 70% 425 20%

Generally the proportion of complying zones increased with the increasing zone population, as would be expected. The number of zones which complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000 decreased markedly from 519 to 425 over the past year with the population served by complying zones falling to approximately 2.42 million, a decrease of approximately 440,000. The proportion of the population supplied with drinking-water

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 23 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 which complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000 dropped by 16% in 2001 to 70%. In terms of the number of zones, compliance fell by 5% to 20% during 2001. The decline was especially noticeable in the larger population bands, which seem to have been slow to implement the more stringent monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. However, the compliance rates improved between 2000 and 2001 for the smaller supplies. This is in part caused by a degree of leniency given by HPOs to the small water supplies in that many were deemed to have complied with the monitoring requirements despite many having failed to meet the minimum days-of-the-week and maximum interval between successive samples requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. This was permitted so as not to discourage the small water suppliers (particularly the schools) who have complied in greater numbers with the required monitoring frequency but were perhaps in ignorance of the additional monitoring parameters outlined in the DWSNZ:2000. However, this leniency was given on the proviso that HPOs inform these suppliers of the need to fully comply with the monitoring requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 from now on; and failure to do so in the 2002 calendar year will result in non-compliance.

The compliance status of each distribution zone is listed in Appendix 4. Many zones listed show a discrepancy between the microbiological compliance with DWSNZ:2000 and the zone grade as at December 2001. Almost 600,000 people, in 106 distribution zones, were supplied with drinking-water that failed to comply with the microbiological requirements of DWSNZ:2000 but were listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grades. This result appears to be considerably worse than in 2000. However, these numbers dropped to ca. 71,000 in 54 distribution zones when the list was restricted to zones that also failed to comply with the DWSNZ:1995. These zones are detailed further in Appendix 6 which also indicates whether the zone has been regraded between January 2001 and the time this report goes to press and, if so, the current grade.

The number of zones for which this phenomenon occurred and the number of people affected improved since 2000 when ca. 176,000 people in 74 registered zones were in this category. As a zone that fails to demonstrate microbiological compliance during the grading process cannot achieve better than a ‘c’ grading, the monitoring frequency or microbiological quality of these zones may have deteriorated since they were previously graded. These zones should be regraded as their present grades as listed in the Register could give consumers a false impression of their drinking-water quality.

However, there is reluctance on the part of water suppliers to regrade water supplies to the present grading system, which is based on the NZDWS:1984 and is greatly out of date, until the revised grading system based on the DWSNZ:2000 is completed. Once the revised grading system has been completed, these supplies should be regraded with dispatch. In the interim, it would seem appropriate to classify these supplies as ungraded until they are regraded.

Recommendations That all water suppliers, particularly those serving small populations, are informed of the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. That zones listed in the Register as having ‘a’ or ‘b’ grading but that failed to comply with the microbiological requirements of the drinking-water standards be reclassified as ungraded until they are re-graded.

24 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 5 Drinking-water Monitoring at the Treatment Plant

Before 1996, compliance monitoring of drinking-water was largely carried out in the distribution zone. Since the adoption of the DWSNZ:1995, there has been a requirement to also monitor drinking-water as it leaves the water treatment plant; this requirement is maintained in the DWSNZ:2000. These data were collected using the Treatment Plant screens in the Annual Survey module of WINZ. The term ‘treatment plant’ refers to the point at which water enters the distribution system, irrespective of whether it is treated or not.

There are two aspects of treatment plant monitoring (Priority 1 determinands) that must be examined when assessing the adequacy of monitoring for microbiological compliance: • whether a sufficient number of E. coli samples were taken for the population supplied in water leaving the treatment plant or continuous FAC monitoring is in place

• whether water was extracted entirely from secure groundwater or whether it has been demonstrated that the water treatment process was sufficient to remove or kill Cryptosporidium as shown by adequate ozone or chlorine dioxide C.t values or by filtration performance using turbidity monitoring as per the DWSNZ:2000 (depending on the type of treatment in use).

The microbiological compliance criteria are set out in Section 3 of the DWSNZ:2000.

5.1 The population distribution of treatment plants

During 2001, the number of treatment plants listed in the Register rose from 1968 to 2035, an increase of 3.4%. Data were provided for all but three of the treatment plants: a return rate of 99.8%. The outstanding treatment plants were scored as not monitored.

The number of treatment plants in different population bands can be seen in Table 3.1. As with distribution zones, the few large plants supply most of the population. Populations assigned to each treatment plant are approximations, as this information is held for the distribution zones but not for the treatment plants per se. The population was calculated as the total population of all distribution zones supplied by the treatment plant. For example, where a single treatment plant supplied water to two distribution zones, then the population exposed to water from that treatment plant was the combined population of the two zones. As many distribution zones are supplied by more than one treatment plant, the total population calculated this way greatly exceeds that of New Zealand, due to double counting. Consequently, population statistics of treatment plants are referred to in terms of percentages only. However, in the discussion, it was more appropriate to use the total population supplied by a treatment plant, as water supplied by a plant would potentially affect people in all the zones it supplied even if this population also received water from another treatment plant.

As with the distribution zones, the relative importance of the population band is dependent on whether analysis is from the perspective of population or the number of plants. Plants supplying small communities are by far the most numerous, but the ten plants that each supplied populations in excess of 100,000 account for half the population.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 25 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

The distribution of population bands using different types of water source is described in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1: Water sources for different population bands

Population Surface Water Groundwater Rainwater Band No. % Pop. % TPs No. % Pop. % TPs No. % Pop. % TPs

<500 441 30% 27% 863 57% 52% 473 19% 29% 500–999 49 48% 48% 56 54% 54% 1 1% 1% 1,000–4,999 75 48% 46% 93 54% 57% 0 0% 0% 5,000–19,999 38 52% 58% 32 56% 49% 0 0% 0% 20,000–49,999 12 40% 43% 19 71% 68% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 7 46% 47% 8 54% 53% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 6 73% 60% 4 27% 40% 0 0% 0% Total* 628 59% 31% 1075 44% 53% 474 0.5% 23%

Note: The percentage values refer to the percentages of treatment plants or population in that population band. * The percentages add up to >100% because some treatment plants draw water from more than one type of water source.

Groundwater was used in just over half of the treatment plants and supplied drinking-water to 44% of the population. Almost a third the treatment plants used surface water and supplied 59% of the population. Rainwater was used to supply drinking-water to 23% of plants but this relates to only 0.5% of the population and only communities of less than 1000 people used rainwater supplies.

5.2 Adequacy of treatment plant monitoring

There are two Priority 1 determinands that are considered at the treatment plant: E. coli and Cryptosporidium. These should be absent in drinking-water as it leaves the treatment plant.

The absence of E. coli can be determined by one of three means. The water leaving the treatment plant can be analysed for E. coli at the frequency prescribed in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000, or it can be inferred, either if the water is taken from a secure groundwater source (and verified by E. coli analysis at the frequency prescribed in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000) or if the water is continuously monitored for free available chlorine and maintains acceptable FAC levels in conditions prescribed in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000.

The water must also be protected from, or the treatment capable of removing or killing, Cryptosporidium oocysts. This can be ensured either by drawing water from a secure groundwater supply, by adequate filtration treatment, or by disinfection at the C.t values above the minimum prescribed for Cryptosporidium in Table 13.1 of the DWSNZ:2000. Compliance is effectively determined by E. coli/continuous FAC monitoring and Cryptosporidium removal.

Compliance of the treatment plants for these criteria is shown in relation to the number of treatment plants and the estimated size of population supplied by them in Table 5.2 and for each health district in Table 5.3.

26 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Supplies that were used intermittently or on a seasonal basis were dealt with as follows: Where a supply was noted as being seasonal and complied with the E. coli standard except that it was not monitored when not in use then it was listed as being fully compliant. However, WINZ does not calculate compliance on this basis. This aspect of compliance needs to be addressed by the drinking-water standards.

Table 5.2: Treatment plant compliance by population band

E. coli Compliance Cryptosporidium No Compliance Fully Compliant Total no. Compliance Population Band Treatment Plants No. % Pop. % TPs No. % Pop. % TPs No. % Pop. % TPs No. % Pop. % TPs

<500 1650 285 0.4% 17% 26 0.1% 2% 1192 2% 72% 23 0.1% 1% 500–999 103 19 0.2% 18% 4 0.0% 4% 78 0.8% 76% 3 0.03% 3% 1000–4999 164 76 3% 46% 28 1% 17% 80 3% 49% 23 1% 14% 5000–19,999 65 40 5% 62% 27 4% 42% 21 3% 32% 25 3% 38% 20,000–49,999 28 20 12% 71% 14 9% 50% 7 4% 25% 14 9% 50% 50,000–99,999 15 11 11% 73% 11 11% 73% 1 0.8% 7% 8 8% 53% 100,000+ 10 10 50% 100% 9 48% 90% 0 0% 0% 9 48% 90% Total 2035 461 82% 23% 119 74% 6% 1379 13% 68% 105 70% 5%

A total of 105 treatment plants fully complied with the E. coli/cFAC3 and Cryptosporidium compliance criteria during 2001, 28 fewer than in 2000. This represents 5% of treatment plants or supplies to 70% of the population. In terms of population served, compliance rates increased with increasing population size. The same general trend was observed for individual compliance with both of the microbiological criteria.

Bacteriological (i.e. E. coli) compliance was demonstrated in 461 or 23% of treatment plants supplying 82% of the population. These figures are markedly different to those in 2000 in that the number and percentages of bacteriologically compliant plants have more than doubled in the past 12 months. This effect was caused by the large increase in the number of complying small supplies (i.e. those serving not more than 500 people) and which is a direct result of the exemption of the need for E. coli testing at the treatment plant for supplies with short reticulation systems in zones serving 100 or fewer people and three or fewer buildings. Those plants with this exemption are mostly school supplies. However, bacteriological compliance would have been 11% of plants serving 89% of the population using the DWSNZ:1995. The comparison in compliance against the two standards shows that a large number of small plants comply with the DWSNZ:2000 mostly because of the exemption from E. coli monitoring of (mostly school) supplies, and that a few large supplies would have complied with the DWSNZ:1995 but have not yet fully implemented the more stringent E. coli compliance criteria used in the DWSNZ:2000.

Compliance with the Cryptosporidium criteria is lower with 119 (6%) of plants supplying 74% of the population being compliant. This result is markedly different to those in 2000 in that the number and percentage of protozoan compliant plants have decreased to one third of the 2000 level. This effect was greater in plants serving small populations and was caused by the large decrease in protozoan compliance in supplies using cartridge filtration. This is a direct result of the increased stringency of the protozoan compliance criteria in the DWSNZ:2000. However, protozoan compliance would have been 20% of plants serving 77% of the population using the DWSNZ:1995. The comparison in compliance against the two standards shows that a large number of small plants no longer comply with the

3 cFAC denotes continuous Free Availablr Chlorine

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 27 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 DWSNZ:2000 mostly because few plants using cartridge filtration could demonstrate effective filtration, and that a few large supplies would have complied with the DWSNZ:1995 has increased since 2000 but had not fully implemented the more stringent protozoan compliance criteria used in the DWSNZ:2000.

The majority of treatment plants (68%) comply with none of the microbiological criteria. These are mostly small supplies and correspond to only 13% of the population. From a national population perspective, E. coli compliance has declined by 6%, Cryptosporidium compliance has declined by 5% and overall compliance has declined by 8% between 2000 and 2001. This was mostly a result of the increased stringency of the compliance criteria in the DWSNZ:2000.

Table 5.3: Treatment plant compliance by health district

Cryptosporidium Total E. coli Compliance No Compliance Fully Compliant Population Compliance No. Band TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

Northland 252 123 90% 49% 14 60% 6% 110 8% 44% 13 60% 5% Auckland 192 20 99% 10% 7 97% 4% 145 1% 76% 6 97% 3% Waikato 179 43 71% 24% 15 14% 8% 126 23% 70% 15 14% 8% Tauranga 49 3 81% 6% 5 43% 10% 37 16% 76% 2 41% 4% Rotorua 90 20 30% 22% 6 16% 7% 62 60% 69% 4 8% 4% Whakatane 38 7 53% 18% 4 58% 11% 30 30% 79% 3 41% 8% Gisborne 56 2 47% 4% 1 47% 2% 54 53% 96% 1 47% 2% Taranaki 80 27 87% 34% 0 0% 0% 38 13% 48% 0 0% 0% Hawkes Bay 123 31 94% 25% 22 92% 18% 74 6% 60% 22 92% 18% Wanganui 54 11 79% 20% 4 12% 7% 39 16% 72% 4 12% 7% Manawatu 89 13 40% 15% 9 86% 10% 56 12% 63% 5 39% 6% Wairarapa 35 3 50% 9% 0 0% 0% 28 38% 80% 0 0% 0% Hutt Valley 31 11 99.8% 35% 5 98% 16% 20 0.2% 65% 5 98% 16% Nelson 74 18 94% 24% 8 38% 11% 37 5% 50% 8 38% 11% Marlborough 87 8 80% 9% 1 4.8% 1% 68 15% 78% 0 0% 0% West Coast 73 15 45% 21% 1 16% 1% 53 53% 73% 1 16% 1% Canterbury 249 34 76% 14% 11 71% 4% 201 24% 81% 11 71% 4% S. Canterbury 61 9 26% 15% 0 0% 0% 49 29% 80% 0 0% 0% Otago 143 44 7% 31% 3 1% 2% 96 92% 67% 2 0% 1% Southland 80 19 35% 24% 3 15% 4% 56 64% 70% 3 15% 4% Total 2035 461 82% 23% 119 74% 6% 1379 13% 68% 105 70% 5%

There is considerable variation of treatment plant compliance amongst the various health districts. In terms of the percentage of population supplied, the range of populations receiving drinking-water that complied with the E. coli criteria ranged from 7% to 99.8% among health districts. The population supplied by plants that fully complied with the E. coli and Cryptosporidium criteria was lower, with no fully compliant treatment plants being reported in the Taranaki, Wairarapa, Marlborough and South Canterbury health districts.

Table 5.4: Causes of E. coli non-compliance of treatment plants by population

E. coli Compliance E. coli Not Monitored Inadequate Non-registered Total Population Transgression Sampling Laboratory No. Band TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

<500 1650 285 0.4% 17% 70 0.2% 4% 1197 2% 73% 118 0.3% 7% 24 0.07% 1% 500–999 103 19 0.2% 18% 18 0.2% 17% 32 0% 31% 46 0.5% 45% 4 0.04% 4%

28 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 1000–4999 164 76 3% 46% 21 0.9% 13% 18 1% 11% 57 2% 35% 4 0.09% 2% 5000–19,999 65 40 5% 62% 3 0.6% 5% 7 1% 11% 16 2% 25% 2 0.3% 3% 20,000–49,999 28 20 12% 71% 0 0% 0% 3 2% 11% 5 3% 18% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 15 11 11% 73% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 4 4% 27% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 10 10 50% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Total 2035 461 82% 23% 112 2% 6% 1257 5% 62% 246 12% 12% 34 0.5% 2%

Note: % TPs percentage of the TPs in that population band % pop percentage of the overall population

Tables 5.4 and 5.5 give an insight as to the causes of non-compliance with the E. coli criteria. The vast majority of non-compliant plants are not monitored. Most of these supply small populations. Ten plants supplying in excess of 5,000 people were not monitored for E. coli during 2001. Of these, the three plants serving more than 20,000 people and three of the supplies served by smaller plants were not used as drinking-water supplies in 2001. The others: Tinwald Railway Reserve and Melrose Road treatment plants (Ashburton District Council), Kaiapoi treatment plant (Waimakariri District Council), Hirau Road treatment plant (Hauraki District Council), supplied an estimated 28,000 people during 2001.

Bacteriological transgressions (ie, E. coli detected in water leaving the treatment plant) occurred at 112 treatment plants during 2001 a decrease of eight since 2000. The presence of E. coli in water as it leaves the treatment plant shows that treatment has failed and water may be contaminated with pathogens of faecal origin that may cause illness if ingested. Most E. coli transgressions were detected in plants supplying relatively small numbers of consumers but three supplied in excess of 5000 people. Water leaving the Billah Street (South Waikato District Council), Alpha Street Cambridge (Waipa District Council) and Whakarewarewa Forest Springs (Rotorua District Council) treatment plants were found to contain E. coli on one occasion during 2001. As the former two are chlorinated supplies, this suggests that the chlorination process did not consistently work properly; this warrants investigation. The ramifications of the E. coli transgression at the Whakarewarewa Forest Springs plant are more serious because this was classified as secure and, by definition, water contaminated with E. coli cannot be secure groundwater. However, the sample was taken at a point after the pump well, which may indicate post-extraction contamination. This matter will need to be investigated. If is not resolved satisfactorily, including the selection of a more appropriate sampling point, then the supply will lose its secure groundwater status and a greater degree of monitoring will be required if the supply is to achieve compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 in future.

A total of 246 (12%) of treatment plants supplying 12% of the population failed to comply with the E. coli criteria due to inadequate monitoring during 2001. Again, these mostly consist of the smaller supplies but nine inadequately monitored plants supplied populations of 20,000 or more. The Branxholme (serving Invercargill), Southern Dunedin, Mt Grand and Levin treatment plants did not to test E. coli on a daily basis during 2001, nor did the Uthinia treatment plant (at which continuous FAC monitoring is presently being installed); the Booth Road (serving Dunedin) and Waipaoa plants were not used in 2001; Onekawa Pool is no longer used for drinking-water (so ought to be deregistered) and the Claremont treatment plant (serving Timaru) attempted to demonstrate compliance using continuous FAC monitoring during 2001 but was unable to comply fully with the E. coli compliance criteria 1B of the DWSNZ:2000).

There were two treatment plants serving 5,000 or more residents that did not comply because compliance testing was carried out in non-registered laboratories. These were Kaiapoi and Ayres Street, Rangiora (Waimakariri District Council) and Taumarunui (Ruapehu District Council). Both of these supplies fell into this category in 2000.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 29 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Table 5.5: Causes of non-compliance at the treatment plant by health district

E. coli Compliance E. coli Transgression Not Monitored Inadequate Non-registered Total Sampling Laboratory Health District No. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

Northland 252 123 90% 49% 3 0.3% 1% 123 9% 49% 4 0.2% 2% 2 0.08% 1% Auckland 192 20 99% 10% 7 0.1% 4% 153 0.6% 80% 15 0.6% 8% 1 0.003% 1% Waikato 179 43 71% 24% 18 16% 10% 100 5% 56% 24 21% 13% 8 2% 4% Tauranga 49 3 81% 6% 0 0% 0% 37 1% 76% 9 18% 18% 0 0% 0% Rotorua 90 20 30% 22% 7 15% 8% 50 6% 56% 19 63% 21% 0 0% 0% Whakatane 38 7 53% 18% 2 10% 5% 23 7% 61% 6 30% 16% 0 0% 0% Gisborne 56 2 47% 4% 0 0% 0% 48 51% 86% 6 1% 11% 0 0% 0% Taranaki 80 27 87% 34% 0 0% 0% 47 5% 59% 5 5% 6% 0 0% 0% Hawkes Bay 123 31 94% 25% 4 0.1% 3% 83 6% 67% 5 0.3% 4% 0 0% 0% Wanganui 54 11 79% 20% 2 1% 4% 37 4% 69% 4 16% 7% 2 4% 4% Manawatu 89 13 40% 15% 6 0.8% 7% 60 2% 67% 12 55% 13% 0 0% 0% Wairarapa 35 3 50% 9% 0 0% 0% 26 21% 74% 6 29% 17% 0 0% 0% Hutt Valley 31 11 100% 35% 0 0% 0% 20 0.2% 65% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Nelson 74 18 94% 24% 9 2% 12% 45 3% 61% 5 2% 7% 0 0% 0% Marlborough 87 8 80% 9% 1 5% 1% 75 10% 86% 3 6% 3% 0 0% 0% West Coast 73 15 45% 21% 3 6% 4% 54 49% 74% 1 0.1% 1% 0 0% 0% Canterbury 249 34 76% 14% 23 2% 9% 120 10% 48% 79 13% 32% 16 3% 6% S. Canterbury 61 9 26% 15% 9 16% 15% 39 11% 64% 2 46% 3% 3 2% 5% Otago 143 44 7% 31% 18 7% 13% 59 26% 41% 38 67% 27% 1 0.03% 1% Southland 80 19 35% 24% 0 0% 0% 58 16% 73% 3 50% 4% 1 0.9% 1% Total 2035 461 82% 23% 112 2% 6% 1257 5% 62% 246 12% 12% 34 0.5% 2%

Note: % TPs the percentage of the treatment plants in that health district % pop the percentage of the population in that health district

Table 5.5 shows the variation in E. coli compliance or the causes of non-compliance in the different health districts.

Bacteriological transgressions occurred in 10% or more of treatment plants in the Waikato, Nelson, South Canterbury and Otago health districts. In terms of the proportion of the population, the health districts supplying 10% or more of their consumers from plants that transgressed were Waikato (16%), South Canterbury (16%), Rotorua (15%) and Whakatane (10%).

Inadequate sampling contributed to non-compliance of 12% treatment plants during 2001. The largest numbers of inadequately monitored plants were in the Canterbury (79), Otago (38) and Waikato (24) health districts. This situation has deteriorated in Otago and Waikato since 2000 when ten and 29 plants respectively fell into this category.

The most common reason behind non-compliance was failure to monitor at all. During 2001, 62% of treatment plants, supplying an estimated 5% of the population were not monitored for E. coli. This represents a 2% decrease in the proportion of unmonitored treatment plants since 2000. The absence of monitoring mainly occurred at plants serving small communities, of which many are privately owned. Significant proportions of the population supplied by treatment plants that were not monitored occurred in the following health districts: Gisborne (51%), West Coast (49%), Otago (26%) and Wairarapa (21%). While in certain areas the proportion of the population living in small communities may partially explain this phenomenon, it appears that some of the larger water suppliers still do not perform E. coli monitoring (or continuous FAC monitoring) at the treatment plant.

30 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 There was a modest increase in the use of continuous FAC (cFAC) monitoring as a means of demonstrating bacteriological compliance since 2000. Of the 47 (2%) treatment plants that were reported to continuously monitor FAC levels, 38 were reported to comply with the cFAC monitoring requirements specified in the DWSNZ:2000. Seven treatment plants supplying 1000 or more consumers and using cFAC monitoring failed to meet the cFAC compliance criteria stated in the DWSNZ:2000. These were: Claremont treatment plant (serving Timaru), Feilding, Waitakaruru, Essons Valley-Barnes Dam treatment plant (serving Picton/Waikawa), Balclutha, Milton and Eltham. The following supplies also fell into this category last year: Waitakaruru (Hauraki District Council), Balclutha and Milton (Clutha District Council) and Eltham (South Taranaki District Council). Treatment plants using cFAC monitoring but that are unable to comply fully with the E. coli compliance criteria 1B of the DWSNZ:2000 need to assess the treatment and cFAC monitoring processes. If the cFAC compliance criteria cannot be met, the treatment process may need to be improved and consideration should be given to reverting to the use of E. coli monitoring to demonstrate compliance with the E. coli compliance criteria 1A of the DWSNZ:2000.

The Cryptosporidium compliance criteria are a function of the water source and the treatment it receives.

Cryptosporidium compliance of drinking-water can be achieved by several means. The water can be: • obtained from a groundwater source that is verified as being secure • passed through a membrane or cartridge filter that complies with an in situ integrity test and has been shown to remove at least 99.99%* of 3-15µm-sized particles • filtered through a cartridge, bag, diatomaceous earth or slow sand provided that compliance of the filter is demonstrated by periodic filter performance testing and particle counting • filtered through a rapid sand filter or equivalent with preceding coagulation treatment provided that the turbidity is adequately monitored and no more than 95% of samples exceed 0.5 NTU, the turbidity never exceeds 1.0 NTU and that turbidity changes of no more than 0.2 NTU occur in any ten-minute period

• disinfected with chlorine dioxide or ozone provided that the minimum C.t values specified in Table 13.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 are maintained.

The mechanism used by treatment plants to achieve Cryptosporidium compliance is shown in relation to population band in Table 5.6.

Table 5.6: Cryptosporidium compliance in treatment plant by population band

Crypto- Groundwater Verified Cartridge Filtration Slow Sand/ Coagulation/ Filtration Ozone/ClO2 Disinfection Population sporidium Secure DE Filtration Band Compliant TPs No. Pop.* TPs# No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

<500 26 17 0.06% 65% 1 0.00003% 4% 0 0% 0% 7 0.03% 27% 1 0.002% 4% 500–999 4 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 4 0.04% 100% 0 0% 0% 1000–4999 28 13 0.4% 46% 1 0.03% 4% 0 0% 0% 14 0.7% 50% 0 0% 0% 5000–19,999 27 17 3% 63% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 10 1% 37% 0 0% 0% 20,000–49,999 14 11 8% 79% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 3 1% 21% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 11 7 7% 64% 1 1% 9% 0 0% 0% 3 3% 27% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 9 3 8% 33% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 6 40% 67% 0 0% 0% Total 119 68 26% 57% 3 1% 3% 0 0% 0% 47 46% 39% 1 0.002% 0.8% Note: TPs# is the percentage of Cryptosporidium-compliant treatment plants in that population band Pop.* is the percentage of the overall population * This is likely to be reduced to 99.9% after the proposed changes to the DWSNZ:2000.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 31 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 A total of 119 treatment plants achieved Cryptosporidium compliance during 2001, 237 less than in 2000. Most of this reduction was caused by the increased stringency of the compliance criteria for cartridge filters in the DWSNZ:2000 compared with the DWSNZ:1995 and does not reflect a decline in the level of treatment or water quality at the treatment plant. Of the Cryptosporidium-compliant plants, secure groundwater was used by 68 (57%), coagulation/filtration by 47 (39%), cartridge filtration by three (3%) and ozone or chlorine dioxide by one (0.8%). There were no Cryptosporidium-compliant plants using slow sand or DE filtration in 2001.

In terms of the total population, Cryptosporidium compliance was achieved using coagulation/filtration treatment by water supplies serving 46% of consumers, by the use of secure groundwater (26%), by cartridge filtration (1%) and by ozonation or chlorine dioxide treatment (0.4%).

Overall, compliance with the Cryptosporidium criteria could not be demonstrated in 94% of treatment plants serving an estimated 26% of the population.

An estimated 26% of the population was supplied with secure groundwater. The number of verified secure groundwater sources in 2001 was 70, three less than in 2000. The actual secure groundwater status is compared to that perceived by the water supplier in Table 5.7. In order to use groundwater as a means of complying with the Cryptosporidium compliance criteria it is necessary to demonstrate that the groundwater is secure. This involves demonstrating an absence of E. coli from the groundwater, security of the well head, and that the groundwater is not directly affected by surface or climate influences. The latter quality is inferred by demonstration of either (1) not more than 0.005% of the water being present in the aquifer for less than one year and/or (2) minimal variation in conductivity and nitrate and chloride concentrations (see Section 3.2.4 of the DWSNZ:2000). Of the 470 supplies that were considered by water suppliers to be secure groundwater in 2001, only 70 were obtained from groundwater that was verified as being secure. This situation has worsened since 2000.

Demonstrating security is a straightforward process in situations where one groundwater source supplies one treatment plant. However, in situations in which there are multiple sources supplying one treatment plant, the procedure can be complex because all sources must be demonstrated as secure, even if they are drawing from the same aquifer and are in close proximity. This may hinder the verification of security for treatment plants with multiple sources.

Most of the treatment plants with sources that were considered to be secure, but where security was unverified, were used to supply distribution zones with small populations. However, eleven treatment plants supplied the following communities of 5000 people or more: one plant serving the Waiuku community (Franklin District Council), one plant serving Tokoroa (South Waikato District Council), one plant serving Marton Township (Rangitiei District Council), three plants serving Blenheim (Marlborough District Council), one plant serving Kaiapoi (Waimakariri District Council), three plants serving Ashburton (Ashburton District Council), and one plant serving Alexandra (Central Otago District Council). Details of all plants in this category are listed in Appendix 12 to assist DHBs to review these anomalies.

While secure groundwater complies microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000, its security must be verified and its E. coli-free status monitored at least once every three months. Failure to comply with the E. coli monitoring regime set out in Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 means that the supply reverts to non-secure status.

32 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Table 5.7: Demonstration of the secure status of groundwater by health district

Health district Total no. Verified as Secure Considered Secure TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop.* TPs Northland 252 0 0% 0% 24 1% 10% Auckland 192 0 0% 0% 52 1% 27% Waikato 179 3 0% 2% 75 12% 42% Tauranga 49 2 3% 4% 11 0.5% 22% Rotorua 90 5 16% 6% 28 6% 31% Whakatane 38 2 17% 5% 9 21% 24% Gisborne 56 0 0% 0% 6 1% 11% Taranaki 80 0 0% 0% 10 4% 13% Hawkes Bay 123 22 96% 18% 16 0.7% 13% Wanganui 54 3 2% 6% 6 9% 11% Manawatu 89 8 69% 9% 17 2% 19% Wairarapa 35 0 0% 0% 10 19% 29% Hutt Valley 31 2 47% 6% 1 0.01% 3% Nelson 74 8 38% 11% 37 5% 50% Marlborough 87 0 0% 0% 17 78% 20% West Coast 73 0 0% 0% 4 8% 5% Canterbury 249 11 71% 4% 112 19% 45% S Canterbury 61 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Otago 143 1 0.2% 0.7% 14 3% 10% Southland 80 3 15% 4% 21 5% 26% Total 2035 70 27% 3% 470 5% 23%

* Percentage of non-secure sources considered as secure by the water supplier

In areas where secure groundwater exists, demonstration of the security of groundwater is an attractive option to achieve microbiological compliance. The cost of verifying that the groundwater is secure is offset by the reduction in the cost of compliance monitoring, which is lower for secure groundwater than for non-secure groundwater and much lower than the cost of water treatment.

There is some confusion among water suppliers as to the requirements needed to determine whether groundwater is secure.

Groundwater is considered to be secure when it can be demonstrated not to be likely to be contaminated by pathogenic organisms because it is: • not directly affected by surface or climate influences and

• abstracted via a secure well head or similarly proven structure.

The means to demonstrate the above criteria are described in detail in Section 3.2.4 of the DWSNZ:2000.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 33 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Recommendations

That water suppliers who purport to use secure groundwater that has not been verified as being secure should either ensure its secure status is verified or employ a suitable disinfection process. That DHBs audit the secure groundwater status of supplies in their area of jurisdiction that are listed in Appendix 12. That appropriate monitoring processes for supplies that are used intermittently or on a seasonal basis be developed for the drinking-water standards.

34 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

6 Validity of Microbiological Monitoring

The ability to accurately assess the potential health risk from the consumption of drinking- water is reliant on the quality of compliance testing. The reliability of microbiological analysis is dependent on several factors.

The sample needs to be representative of the drinking-water being tested. This means that an adequate sampling plan should be used and the sampling personnel should be trained in sample collection. Collection of a water sample at an inappropriate point may give a result that is not representative of the water quality in the supply as a whole. Similarly, if samples were always collected at the same time of the day or week it would not be possible to detect diurnal or weekly fluctuations in water quality (hence the minimum days of the week requirement given in Table 3.2b of the DWSNZ:2000). Also, if the aseptic technique of the person taking the samples is poor, indicator bacteria may be introduced into the sample resulting in a false positive result that does not reflect the drinking-water quality.

The sample should be collected aseptically in a sterile container containing appropriate preservative. It must then be transported to the laboratory speedily and in a manner that does not affect its microbiological quality. Samples must be chilled and protected from sunlight when transported to the laboratory. Failure to do so can affect the result of microbiological analysis, usually by lowering the bacterial count and potentially giving rise to false negative results. Samples must be tested within 24 hours of sampling and preferably within six hours. Again, failure to do so may cause erroneous (usually low) results.

With an appropriate sampling plan, trained samplers and an effective courier system, the sample integrity should be maximised.

Once the sample reaches the laboratory the result is dependent on the quality of the microbiological analysis. Three main errors can occur in laboratories that can impact on quality. The laboratory should have rejection criteria so as not to analyse samples that are inappropriately labelled or arrive too late after sampling or in a poor condition. The analysis must be carried out correctly using approved techniques with concurrent quality controls by appropriately trained personnel using calibrated equipment. The laboratory should also have an effective quality assurance system to help minimise process and reporting errors.

Sampling is the responsibility of the water supplier. The appropriateness and correctness of sampling should be checked by HPOs although specific information about this process was not gathered in the survey. It is apparent that this has been addressed well by some DHBs but less so by others. One issue that has recently come to light involves the appropriate location to collect treatment plant samples from chlorinated supplies. On rare occasions, E. coli are detected in treatment plant samples where the FAC is greater than 0.2mg/L. Investigation of one such site revealed that the sample was taken from a tap at the treatment and, because there was no contact tank at the treatment plant, the sample was collected only a few seconds after chlorination. This may result in the active chlorine being neutralised by the sodium thiosulphate preservative in the sample bottle before there is sufficient contact time for the disinfection process to work. In such circumstances, the sampling point needs to be moved to a point in the system where the chlorine has been in contact with the water for at least 30 minutes (as specified in Section 3.3.1.1.1 of the DWSNZ:2000.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 35 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Transport of samples is affected by the sampler, the courier and the laboratory. Appropriate collection times and careful packing of containers is important.

6.1 Laboratories registered for compliance testing

The quality of the laboratory is best assessed by accreditation of the laboratory by independent auditors. To this end the Ministry of Health has compiled a register of laboratories certified to conduct microbiological compliance testing of drinking-water. The laboratories present on this register at December 2001 are listed in Appendix 7.

In 2001, a total of 714 of registered water supplies were managed by LAs or by private water companies under contract to LAs. These 714 zones supplied drinking-water to an estimated 95% of the population supplied by registered supplies.

Two LAs and a large number of private water suppliers used non-registered laboratories for compliance testing during 2001. Analyses conducted by non-registered laboratories are not suitable to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:2000. Water suppliers should use a Ministry of Health recognised laboratory for all future compliance testing. This can be done either by changing to a Ministry of Health recognised laboratory or encouraging the laboratory they currently use to seek registration. Laboratories seeking to be included on the list of MoH Recognised Laboratories should contact International Accreditation New Zealand (IANZ).

The use of appropriate analytical services is the responsibility of the water supplier. Two LAs still used non-registered laboratories for analysis of monitoring samples for E. coli during 2001. These were: Ruapehu District Council (8964 people in seven zones) and Waimakiriri District Council (26,945 people in 17 zones). The use of recognised laboratories for compliance testing has been mandatory since 1 January 1999.

The Waimakariri District Council was not listed under this category in the Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 2000 because they gave an undertaking to the HPO that they were in the process of having their laboratory registered as an Ministry of Health recognised laboratory. However, this had still not occurred by the end of 2001.

The Far North and Queenstown Lakes District Councils are to be commended for moving from using non-registered laboratories to a Ministry of Health recognised laboratory by the end of 2001. The only two district councils yet to comply with this are Ruapehu District Council and Waimakariri District Council.

It should be noted that the list of MoH Recognised Laboratories is no longer released in hard copy but is available electronically in WINZ. Changes in laboratory registrations are entered on WINZ once they are notified by IANZ, the organisation that maintains the laboratory register. This information can be obtained by contacting IANZ (tel. 09-525 6655).

36 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 6.2 Methods suitable for compliance testing

A variety of bacteriological methods are used by water laboratories conducting drinking- water compliance testing. However, the DWSNZ:2000 specifies in that only certain methods are eligible to be used for drinking-water compliance testing. These comprise the bacteriological referee methods specified in Section 11.1.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 and other methods that have been calibrated against the referee methods to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Health. The bacteriological referee methods are: • APHA 9221: Multiple tube fermentation technique for members of the coliform group. • APHA 9221 B: Standard total coliform fermentation technique. • APHA 9221 E: Faecal coliform procedure. • APHA 9223 B: Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test (E. coli).

In June 2002, the Ministry of Health issued a comminique to all Ministry of Health recognised laboratories advising that laboratories that wish to use methods other than the referee methods specified above must calibrate their method against the appropriate referee method or change to using a referee method. Calibration of non-referee methods will require some form of split-sample analysis of drinking-water tested using both the laboratory method and the corresponding referee method. These will need to be assessed by the Ministry of Health or an agent thereof before the method can be deemed suitable for bacteriological compliance testing. Once calibrated, IANZ will need to add the method(s) to the list of acceptable methods used by that laboratory, after which the method will be recognised by WINZ as a compliance test for that laboratory.

Following the introduction of the DWSNZ:2000, a period of grace was given, initially to September 2001, for laboratories to either demonstrate calibration of their methods or shift to a referee method. This period of grace was extended to September 2002 to give laboratories more time to carry out this calibration. This deadline will not be extended further.

The consequences to water suppliers of not using a referee method or having the non- referee method calibrated by the Ministry of Health are serious; any such monitoring data generated after September 2002 will not be eligible to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:2000. This, in turn, may cause the water supply to be downgraded. While the choice of bacteriological methods may not be a direct responsibility of the water supplier, they would be well advised to ensure the laboratory they use for compliance testing is using an approved method by September 2002.

Recommendation

That Ruapehu District Council and Waimakiriri District Council ensure that microbiological compliance testing is conducted only by Ministry of Health recognised laboratories.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 37 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 7 Water Supply Surveillance

One of the functions of HPOs is to conduct surveillance of the drinking-water supplies in their health district. The purpose of surveillance is to provide an additional check or audit of the drinking-water supply by an agency that is external to the water supplier, namely the DHB. This entails surveillance of both the distribution zones and the water treatment plants. Surveillance may be conducted by examination and audit of the water supplier’s monitoring records, instead of, or in addition to, surveillance sampling/analysis. It should be noted that surveillance by the DHBs is not intended as a substitute for monitoring, which is the responsibility of the water supplier, but as an independent check of the drinking- water quality.

7.1 DHB surveillance of distribution zones

To reflect the compliance requirements of the DWSNZ:2000, surveillance in the distribution zone should examine water samples and/or water supplier records for (i) E. coli, and (ii) FAC if it was used as partial replacement for E. coli analysis. This was ascertained in the audit screen of the distribution zone questionnaire (Appendix 2). The means of surveillance (ie auditing/site visit or surveillance testing for FAC and E. coli) was recorded here and, if surveillance sampling was undertaken, the results of analyses.

Information about DHB surveillance conducted during 2001 for each health district is contained in Table 7.1. Summary information is listed for individual distribution zones in Appendix 4.

During 2001, surveillance of water supply distribution zones was conducted in all health districts. DHB surveillance of some kind was reported in 55% of distribution zones serving 52% of the population during 2001 (Table 7.2). This represents a proportional decline of 2% in the number of zones since 2000.

Surveillance testing of E. coli was reported in 41% of zones in 2001, which is 15% lower than in 2000. Some distribution zone surveillance sampling was carried out in all health districts. In 2001, 1692 water samples were analysed for E. coli in 864 zones, with transgressions being detected in 26% of the zones tested, an increase from 24% of transgressing zones in 2000.

E. coli were detected in surveillance samples from four distribution zones supplying about 3,400 residents that were reported by the water suppliers as being compliant with the E. coli criteria of the DWSNZ:2000. Two of these were school supplies but the other two were LA supplies in which regular monitoring was carried out during 2001. These were Cromwell (Central Otago District Council) and Arthurs Point (Queenstown Lakes District Council). This is cause for concern, because if the water quality is consistently good, as indicated by compliance of monitoring samples, then the chance of detecting E. coli in the occasional surveillance sample is remote. Detection of E. coli is indicative of treatment failure or post- treatment contamination and indicates an unacceptable risk to public health. The sampling and analysis practices used in monitoring these zones should be thoroughly investigated. Details of these distribution zones are shown in Appendix 8.

38 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 7.1: Distribution zone surveillance in each health district

Total Audit FAC tested E. coli tested No DHB Health district zones No. % No. % FAC fail No. % E. coli fail surveillance zones zones zones zones No. % fail zones zones No.* % fail DZ %zones Northland 251 30 12% 29 12% 8 28% 139 55% 39 28% 98 39% Auckland 223 223 100% 0 0% 0 - 1 0.4% 0 - 0 0% Waikato 189 47 25% 20 11% 7 35% 16 8% 2 13% 121 64% Tauranga 52 12 23% 11 21% 0 0% 33 63% 4 12% 17 33% Rotorua 96 10 10% 13 14% 8 62% 69 72% 7 10% 22 23% Whakatane 41 22 54% 9 22% 0 0% 38 93% 1 3% 2 5% Gisborne 55 0 0% 0 0% 0 - 20 36% 6 30% 35 64% Taranaki 88 8 9% 0 0% 0 - 38 43% 19 50% 50 57% Hawkes Bay 118 5 4% 10 8% 4 40% 12 10% 4 33% 99 84% Wanganui 52 2 4% 18 35% 5 28% 44 85% 7 16% 8 15% Manawatu 88 49 56% 1 1% 0 0% 38 43% 5 13% 2832% Wairarapa 33 21 64% 0 0% 0 - 14 42% 5 36% 4 12% Hutt Valley 52 34 65% 0 0% 0 - 4 8% 1 25% 16 31% Nelson 68 64 94% 13 19% 6 46% 51 75% 11 22% 1 1% Marlborough 84 5 6% 4 5% 1 25% 66 79% 32 48% 18 21% West Coast 75 43 57% 0 0% 0 - 2 3% 1 50% 30 40% Canterbury 241 114 47% 13 5% 11 85% 60 25% 9 15% 109 45% S. Canterbury 60 26 43% 0 0% 0 - 2 3% 1 50% 34 57% Otago 158 73 46% 75 47% 38 51% 148 94% 42 28% 9 6% Southland 85 2 2% 15 18% 5 33% 69 81% 27 39% 16 19% Total 2109 790 37% 231 11% 93 40% 864 41% 223 26% 717 34%

* Number of surveillance tests conducted during 2001

Surveillance undertaken by DHBs indicated that a further 24 ‘compliant’ zones did not comply with the required residual FAC concentration, although E. coli were not detected in the water. There are two potential causes of the low reported FAC concentrations. One is that the tests carried out by the DHB may be inaccurate; staff training and regular calibration of the test kits are needed to control this potential source of error. The other explanation is that FAC concentrations are too low in the zone. Failure to find a FAC residual in the distribution zone may indicate inadequate disinfection at the treatment plant or the need for boosted chlorination in the reticulation system, either of which may result in potential faecal contamination in the distribution zone. Furthermore, bacterial regrowth may be a problem in reticulation systems where FAC residuals are not maintained. While low FAC is not demonstrative of microbiological failure, the absence of a chlorine residual in supplies that rely on chlorination to achieve microbiological compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 may be cause for concern.

Instances where E. coli or low FAC are detected in the distribution zone should promptly lead to an immediate investigation and remedial corrective action. Details of distribution zones that were potentially aberrant in this respect are detailed in Appendix 8.

There are several aspects of sampling which can decrease the reliability of monitoring; for instance: • if the same sample point is always used (some parts of the distribution system can be worse than others) • if the sample is always collected at the same time (water quality may be poorer in times of reduced supervision such as at weekends)

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 39 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 • if samples are taken only in fine weather (surface water quality often deteriorates after heavy rain) • if the sampling technique is poor, resulting in contaminated samples (ie. false positive results) • if the samples are inappropriately stored during transport to the laboratory (samples should be packed in a chilly bin with a slicker pad to maintain it in a chilled condition (but not frozen), protected from sunlight, and should ideally arrive at the laboratory within six hours and never more than 24 hours) • if inappropriate analysis methods are used (always use a Ministry of Health recognised laboratory).

Table 7.2: Summary of distribution zone surveillance by population band

Total Distribution Zones with DHB Distribution Zones where Distribution Surveillance DHB Surveillance is the Population Zones only E. coli Testing Band No. Pop. Zone Pop. No. of Zones Zone Pop. No. of Zones

<500 1717 182,833 122,446 67% 1078 63% 25,875 14% 365 21% 500–999 117 74,635 57,080 76% 89 76% 4,350 6% 8 7% 1000–4999 162 364,781 285,067 78% 129 80% 2,400 1% 2 1% 5000–19,999 72 656,531 579,704 88% 62 86% 6,600 1% 1 1% 20,000–49,999 31 978,407 781,884 80% 25 81% 0 0% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 5 325,300 325,300 100% 5 100% 0 0% 0 0% 100,000+ 5 872,600 755,500 87% 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% Total 2109 3,455,087 2,906,981 84% 1392 66% 39,225 1% 376 18%

Surveillance by DHBs still provides some, albeit sparse, microbiological quality data for small supplies, as demonstrated by Table 7.2. Surveillance was conducted in 1392 (66%) of zones serving 84% of residents.

Table 7.2 also shows that surveillance sampling provided the only microbiological data for 18% of all zones. This compares with 20% in 2000. On a population basis, over 39,000 people, or 1% of the total population served by registered community supplies received drinking-water for which the only information on microbiological quality was derived from DHB surveillance. As expected, this situation was more acute in zones with small populations and was most pronounced in the <500 population band, where 14% of the population under surveillance fell into this category. As the zone population increased, the reliance on surveillance sampling decreased.

In the distribution zone, surveillance of both E. coli and FAC was undertaken by DHBs either with analysis/sampling or audit of water supplier records. This information is summarised in Table 7.3.

40 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 7.3: Methods used for distribution zone surveillance

Distribution Zones Under DHB Surveillance Health Total Audit FAC tested E. coli tested No DHB District zones No. % No. % FAC fail No. % E. coli fail surveillance zones zones zones zones No. % fail zones zones No. % fail DZ %zones <500 1717 575 33% 118 7% 60 51% 714 42% 210 29% 639 37% 500–999 117 53 45% 35 30% 13 37% 51 44% 9 18% 28 24% 1000–4999 162 87 54% 53 33% 16 30% 62 38% 4 6% 33 20% 5000–19,999 72 48 67% 15 21% 2 13% 22 31% 0 - 10 14% 20,000–49,999 31 20 65% 10 32% 2 20% 13 42% 0 - 6 19% 50,000–99,999 5 4 80% 0 0% 0 - 1 20% 0 - 0 0% 100,000+ 5 3 60% 0 0% 0 - 1 20% 0 - 120% TOTAL 2109 790 37% 231 20% 93 40% 864 74% 223 26% 717 34%

7.2 DHB surveillance of treatment plants

Surveillance of drinking-water treatment plants is summarised in Table 7.4.

Treatment plant monitoring and surveillance has been required since the beginning of 1996. Surveillance was carried out on 20% of treatment plants during 2001.

Table 7.4: Summary of treatment plant surveillance by population band

TPs with DHB Surveillance DHB Surveillance only Total No. of Population Band TPs No. % TPs No. % TPs

< 500 1650 268 16% 195 12% 500–999 103 30 29% 17 17% 1000–4999 164 66 40% 23 14% 5000–19,999 65 23 35% 4 6% 20,000–49,999 28 7 25% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 15 11 73% 0 0% 100,000+ 10 4 40% 1 10% Total 2035 409 20% 240 12%

The methods used for the surveillance of drinking-water treatment plants is summarised in Table 7.5.

Surveillance by the DHB did not occur for 80% of treatment plants during 2001 with auditing and/or site inspections comprising the vast majority of surveillance activity. Where surveillance testing was carried out at the treatment plant, it was mainly restricted to plants serving small populations. A small number of samples that were tested for FAC and E. coli resulted in transgressions; these occurred only in plants serving fewer than 1000 people. The proportion of surveillance samples found to contain low FAC concentrations (29%) or in which E. coli were detected (16%) is of some concern, particularly if the portable FAC testing kits are being used correctly and the results can be trusted. This matter should be investigated further. Surveillance of turbidity was conducted in only a single treatment plant.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 41 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 7.5: Methods used for treatment plant surveillance

Treatment Plants Under DHB Surveillance No DHB Health Total Audit FAC Tested E. coli Tested Turbidity Tested Surveillance District TPs No. % No. % FAC fail No. % E.coli fail No. % turb. fail No. % No. TPs TPs TPs TPs No. % TPs TPs No. % TPs TPs No. % TPs TPs <500 1650 252 15% 9 1% 3 33%fail 29 2% 7 24%fail 1 0% 1 100%fail 1382 84% 500–999 103 26 25% 5 5% 2 40% 6 6% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 73 71% 1000–4999 164 65 40% 1 1% 0 0% 4 2% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 98 60% 5000–19,999 65 23 35% 2 3% 0 0% 2 3% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 42 65% 20,000–49,999 28 7 25% 0 0% 0 - 3 11% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 21 75% 50,000–99,999 15 11 73% 0 0% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 4 27% 100,000+ 10 4 40% 0 0% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 0 0% 0 - 6 60% TOTAL 2035 388 19% 17 1% 5 29% 44 2% 7 16% 1 0% 1 100% 1626 80%

7.3 Public health risk management plans

While monitoring and surveillance are important tools in water supply management, relying on them alone is of limited value. The detection of contaminants in water indicates that something has already gone wrong; consumers may already have been exposed to a microbiological or chemical hazard. A more proactive way of protecting public health is to stop the contaminating event in the first place. This is best achieved by the implementation of a quality assurance system for each drinking-water supply.

The use of risk management principles would provide a greater certainty that the water being provided to the public is safe. This approach to water supply management leads water suppliers to look at what can possibly go wrong in a water supply, pinpoint what the causes of this event may be and, having identified the possible causes, take actions to reduce the likelihood of the event occurring. Action plans to address the public health risks associated with water supplies are termed Public Health Risk Management Plans (PHRMPs). A proposed amendment to the Health Act is intended to introduce the requirement for water suppliers to establish PHRMPs for all registered water supplies.

For the PHRMPs to be effective they would need to take account of each element of the drinking-water supply system, from the source water to pre-treatment storage, water treatment, post-treatment storage and distribution. While it is proposed that it be left to the water supplier to establish a PHRMP for each supply, the Ministry of Health has developed Public Health Risk Management Plan Guides (Guides) to assist in this task. Further details about the Guides can be obtained from Ministry of Health website (http//www.moh.govt.nz).

At present, the frequency and rigour of surveillance conducted by DHBs is quite variable. To help standardise the auditing process, water supply assessment that includes verification that PHRMPs are prepared and properly implemented has been proposed. It is proposed that Drinking-Water Assessors be officers designated by the Director-General of Health and have the following tasks: • verification of the adequacy of the risk assessment, the risk management plans and the contingency plans prepared by water suppliers • verification of the implementation of the risk management plans • verification of competence of the operators in the sampling and field analysis • verification of data quality in WINZ, and management of the link between district and national WINZ

42 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 • verification of compliance for drinking-water supplies with the DWSNZ:2000 • performance of public health grading of drinking-water supplies.

To ensure that assessors are competent, and to provide national consistency in the way supplies are assessed, assessors are to be trained through the Water Industry Training Organisation, and competence accredited by an internationally recognised conformance accreditation agency. Assessor training is presently under way.

While it is not mandatory at present for water suppliers to have in place PHRMPs for their water supplies, it is encouraging that a number of local authorities have developed them for water supplies under their jurisdiction.

Recommendations

That zones which were reported as compliant by the water supplier but non- compliant by the DHB should be thoroughly investigated and the cause determined. That, if FAC surveillance is reported at <0.2 mg/L then immediate E. coli analysis is conducted. That an appropriate level of drinking-water quality surveillance be agreed between the DHBs and the Ministry of Health, and implemented by the DHBs.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 43 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 8 Monitoring and Surveillance in Schools

Approximately one-third of the distribution zones in the Register are for school water supplies although this comprises only about 56,300 people or 1.6% of the population served by supplies listed in the Register. As schools comprise a significant proportion of supplies, particularly in the <500 population band, they are discussed separately. Table 8.1 summarises the monitoring and surveillance activity in school distribution zones in each health district. Further details for each school zone are given in Appendix 9.

Table 8.1: Monitoring and surveillance in distribution zones of school supplies

Registered School Zones Not Monitored or Monitored Samples E. coli Fail Monitored Fully E. coli Surveyed in 2001 Health Compliant District Total No. Average/ No. % No. % No. % No. % Total School

Northland 80 43 54% 3 4% 16 20% 27 42% 197 2.46 Auckland 69 37 54% 3 4% 31 45% 14 37% 275 3.99 Waikato 87 71 82% 16 18% 16 18% 20 28% 518 5.95 Tauranga 13 4 31% 0 - 4 31% 0 0% 19 1.46 Rotorua 16 9 56% 3 19% 2 13% 2 14% 55 3.44 Whakatane 12 7 58% 0 - 2 17% 3 30% 62 5.17 Gisborne 44 8 18% 0 - 20 45% 9 38% 77 1.75 Taranaki 36 14 39% 2 6% 0 0% 17 47% 67 1.86 Hawkes Bay 60 21 35% 3 5% 37 62% 4 17% 90 1.50 Wanganui 21 7 33% 1 5% 5 24% 5 31% 31 1.48 Manawatu 43 11 26% 0 - 9 21% 8 24% 66 1.53 Wairarapa 10 2 20% 0 - 0 0% 5 50% 20 2.00 Hutt Valley 2 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 0 0% 12 6.00 Nelson 20 17 85% 7 35% 0 0% 5 25% 149 7.45 Marlborough 13 4 31% 0 - 2 15% 4 36% 15 1.15 West Coast 17 6 35% 0 - 11 65% 0 0% 29 1.71 Canterbury 40 16 40% 9 23% 20 50% 3 15% 132 3.30 S. Canterbury 4 1 25% 0 - 3 75% 0 0% 2 0.50 Otago 14 7 50% 2 14% 4 29% 3 30% 59 4.21 Southland 41 14 34% 5 12% 4 10% 13 35% 162 3.95 Total 642 300 47% 55 9% 186 29% 142 31% 2037 3.17

The Ministry of Education advises that the requirement under the Building Act 1991, Building Code Clause G12 (Water Supplies), for all buildings to have a supply of potable water, is also a requirement of the Ministry of Education. Nevertheless, monitoring was neglected by over half of the schools with their own drinking-water supplies in 2001. The Ministry of Education issued a Health and Safety Code of Practice for State Primary, Composite and Secondary Schools in November 1998, in which the following points were made: • the Board of Trustees is responsible for testing water supplies and notifying the Ministry of Education if the supply becomes unsafe • the Ministry will be responsible for the costs of any capital upgrades to ensure a safe water supply

44 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 • Boards of Trustees are responsible for any minor upgrades, ongoing maintenance and operating costs of ensuring safe water supplies. This includes the costs of water testing.

This Code of Practice seems to have been fairly effective. According to the water treatment changes reported in this survey, drinking-water treatment systems were installed in a further 34 schools during 2001. These comprised the installation of chlorination and chlorine/ozone systems in four and one schools respectively; the remaining 29 were ultraviolet (UV) treatment systems.

A circular was developed to inform school principals and Boards of Trustees about the requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. This circular was sent to all schools in February 2000, so all principals and Boards of Trustees at schools with their own drinking-water supply have now been informed of the monitoring requirements.

During 2001, 300 (47%) of the registered school supplies were monitored at the distribution zone, one fewer than in 2000. Of the schools that were monitored, 55 complied with the DWSNZ:2000. This represents a decline since 2000 when 83 schools fully complied.

During 2001, 2037 samples were collected by all schools for E. coli analysis. This is an overall average of just over three samples per school during the year and is similar to the rate of the previous year. While just under half the schools carried out some bacteriological monitoring during 2001, only 81 were monitored at the appropriate frequency (ie. one sample per month for most schools of fewer than 500 children).

DHB surveillance testing was the only source of bacteriological water quality at 156 schools in 2001. It is unsatisfactory for schools to rely on one or two DHB surveillance samples to gauge the quality of their drinking-water supply. Monitoring should be conducted in all school supplies. By combining the results of microbiological analysis of samples collected by both water suppliers and DHBs, 119 (19%) of school drinking-water supplies were shown to be contaminated with E. coli during 2001. In comparison, E. coli were detected in water supplies in 236 of the 1467 (16%) remaining community drinking- water supplies. This is of concern since it shows that the microbiological quality of school water supplies remains worse than that of the community at large.

The high incidence of E. coli in school water supplies is probably due to the following factors: • Schools have a high proportion of roof water supplies (50%) compared with none for schools connected to community drinking-water supplies and there is a common belief that rainwater is pure. However, roof water samples frequently contain E. coli, probably from animal and bird droppings. • Many schools use UV treatment, which has a low compliance rate compared with other commonly used forms of water treatment. Many UV systems are poorly maintained, which contributes to their poor performance. This is exacerbated if the water is not filtered, since suspended particles reduce the ability of the UV to kill E. coli and other bacteria and viruses that may be present. Also, UV treatment systems are not considered by the present drinking-water standards to be effective against Cryptosporidium unless they include an effective filter (ie. maximum pore size of 1 µm nominal or 5 µm absolute). It should be understood that UV treatment is not effective for some water supplies (see Section 11).

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 45 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 As children are generally regarded as being more susceptible to infection than the general community, it is imperative that the problem of non-compliant school water supplies be addressed. Many schools do not have adequate treatment or monitoring. Those schools should therefore report the hazard to the Ministry of Education, who can then address the need for the school to treat the school drinking-water supply to bring it up to the standard required by the DWSNZ:2000.

It is likely that the greatly improved monitoring and compliance of school supplies between 1999 and 2000 was due to the circular to principals about the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. School compliance has declined between 2000 and 2001. It would probably be worth developing a follow-up information package for schools given the success of the one sent to schools during 1999. The main aim should be to encourage more schools to recognise the need to monitor their drinking-water quality. However, the information also needs to be updated to outline the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000.

Recommendations

That a schedule of maintenance be developed for all school UV treatment systems. That another information package be developed for schools to update the information to the DWSNZ:2000.

46 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 9 Private and Hospital Drinking-water Supplies

9.1 Private supplies

There were 1395 distribution zones designated as private supplies (ie, not operated by or on behalf of LAs) during 2001. Table 9.1 shows the compliance status of private supplies and the reasons for non-compliance in the distribution zone. Table 9.2 shows similar information for the LA supplies and is provided here for purposes of comparison.

Table 9.1: Compliance of private supplies

Population Total E. coli E. coli Inadequate/slow Not Inadequate Non-recognised Band non-LA Compliance Transgression Corrective Action Monitored Sampling Laboratory Zones No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs <500 1347 103 8% 140 10% 83 6% 824 61% 396 29% 29 2% 500–999 27 2 7% 7 26% 3 11% 12 44% 10 37% 2 7% 1000–4999 20 9 45% 2 10% 0 0% 2 10% 8 40% 1 5% 5000–19,999 1 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 50,000–99,999 0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 100,000+ 0 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - 0 - TOTAL 1395 115 8% 149 11% 86 6% 838 60% 414 30% 32 2%

Table 9.2: Compliance of LA supplies

Population Total E. coli E. coli Inadequate/slow Not Inadequate Non-recognised Band non-LA Compliance Transgression Corrective Action Monitored Sampling laboratory Zones No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs No. % DZs <500 370 129 35% 95 26% 51 14% 54 15% 146 39% 14 4% 500–999 90 28 31% 30 33% 11 12% 3 3% 58 64% 3 3% 1000–4999 142 73 51% 26 18% 7 5% 1 1% 59 42% 4 3% 5000–19,999 71 47 66% 2 3% 2 3% 1 1% 22 31% 3 4% 20,000–49,999 31 25 81% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 7 23% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 5 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 20% 0 0% 100,000+ 5 4 80% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1 20% 0 0% TOTAL 714 310 43% 153 21% 71 10% 59 8% 294 41% 24 3%

From the data in Tables 9.1 and 9.2 it is evident that LAs managed drinking-water compliance, particularly in communities serving <1000 people, better than private water suppliers did. The largest difference was in the proportion of unmonitored zones (60% of private supplies cf 8% of LA supplies). All other causes of non-compliance appear greater for the LA supplies. This phenomenon occurs because of the large amount of monitoring that occurred in LA supplies compared with private supplies (eg, an E. coli transgression will not be evident if the supply is not monitored). Otherwise, the general trends do not differ greatly between LA and private supplies.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 47 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 There were 764 distribution zones designated as private supplies in 2001, excluding schools and hospitals. These were grouped into the following categories: • commercial accommodation (hotels, motor camps, holiday resorts, etc)

• commercial premises where food is likely to be sold • other accommodation or premises (church camps, scout camps, etc) • camping grounds • industrial (freezing works, factories, sawmills, etc) • other supplies, including private town supplies, government premises and marae.

Compliance of the six different categories of private supplies is summarised in Table 9.3. Private school and hospital supplies are omitted from this table. Private school supplies have been discussed in the previous chapter and hospital supplies are considered separately below.

Table 9.3: Compliance of private supplies

Zones that Complied Category of Private Supply No. Pop. Pop. % Pop. No. % Zones

Commercial accommodation 173 12,298 780 6% 6 3% Commercial premises 86 29,263 12,080 41% 2 2% Other accommodation or premises 45 6,001 294 5% 4 9% Camping grounds 58 12,449 2,559 21% 12 21% Industrial 66 95,447 57,418 60% 23 35% Other supplies 336 3,002 470 16% 5 1% Total private supplies 764 158,460 73,601 46% 52 7%

Only 7% of private zones complied microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000. However, this represents 46% of the population supplied by private supplies (excluding private school and hospital supplies). Only 3% of commercial premises that provided accommodation and which were not connected to town water supplies in 2001 complied with the DWSNZ:2000. The main cause of non-compliance was failure to undertake any microbiological monitoring. A similar cause of non-compliance was observed for commercial premises and the miscellaneous category, which showed a 2% and 1% compliance rate respectively. Supplies for other accommodation or premises and camping grounds fared a little better with 9% and 21% compliance respectively in 2001. The highest degree of compliance was achieved by industrial premises of which one third complied with the DWSNZ:2000 in 2001. However, it should be noted that these figures represent only a small proportion of zones in these categories and the population figures were heavily skewed by the compliance of a few zones of high population in several of these categories.

It is important that facilities that provide food or drinking-water to patrons comply with the DWSNZ:2000. Faecally contaminated water in buildings used for community purposes presents a health risk to a substantially greater number of people than does contaminated water to single residential dwellings, particularly if the community buildings are used by people from outside the local area. A population which is exposed to a low level of micro- organisms over a long period may become tolerant of, or partially immune to, local disease organisms and can drink water contaminated with these organisms with relative impunity. However, visitors from outside the community are less likely to be resistant to the disease

48 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 organisms in the local water supply and will be at greater risk from the local diseases if they drink the contaminated water.

9.2 Hospital and health service supplies

During 2001 there were 13 water supplies to hospitals or health services whose water supply authorities were listed in the Register as either ‘health’ or ‘private’. Details of these supplies are listed in the following table.

Table 9.4: Supplies to hospitals / health services

Health Distribution Zone Pop. Compliance Water Supplier District Northland Kaeo Hospital 40 Inadequate monitoring Whangaroa Health Trust Auckland Greenlane Hospital 2000 Complied from Jun Auckland DHB Auckland Kingseat Hospital 200 Complied Tainui Auckland Waiheke Com.Hlth Care/St Johns 17 Not monitored Waiheke Health Trust Gisborne Te Puia Springs Hosp & Village 350 Complied Ngati Porou Hauora Hawkes Bay Hawkes Bay Hospital 2000 Complied Hawkes Bay Hospital Nelson Ngawhatu Hospital 110 Complied Nelson-Marl Health Serv. Canterbury Ashburton Hospital 200 Complied Canterbury Health Canterbury Christchurch Hospital 1200 Complied Canterbury Health Canterbury Pathology Building 400 Complied Canterbury Health Canterbury Princess Margaret Hospital 600 Complied from Feb Canterbury DHB Canterbury Sunnyside Hospital 300 Complied from Feb Canterbury DHB Canterbury Templeton Centre 35 Closed Feb 2001 Canterbury DHB

The overall compliance rates of hospitals with the DWSNZ:2000 has improved over the past year. Of the 13 hospitals that were not served entirely by town supply drinking-water, 10 complied with the DWSNZ:2000. The Templeton Centre was deregistered in February 2001. Of the hospital supplies that did not comply with the DWSNZ:2000, the drinking- water was not monitored adequately at Kaeo Hospital and the Waiheke Community Health Care/St Johns supply again was not monitored at all throughout the year.

Hospitals supplied with drinking-water that does not comply with the DWSNZ:2000 are placing their patients at greater risk of water-borne infection and should take immediate steps to remedy the situation.

The Whangaroa Health Trust (water suppliers to the Kaeo Hospital) should implement an appropriate water quality monitoring regime as per the DWSNZ:2000. This requires monthly sampling in the distribution zone and samples should be collected on three different days of the week during each calendar quarter. Successive samples should not be taken more than 45 days apart.

The Waiheke Health Trust (water suppliers to Waiheke Community Health Care / St. Johns) need to initiate water quality monitoring immediately. This requires monthly sampling in the distribution zone and samples should be collected on three different days of the week during each calendar quarter. Successive samples should not be taken more than 45 days apart. There are potentially serious health consequences of using a non-compliant drinking-water supply. This continued failure to provide compliant drinking-water

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 49 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 warrants prompt investigation of this aspect of the hospital's quality system by an external agency and close surveillance of the hospital water quality by the DHB until the problem is resolved.

Recommendations

That hospitals with water supplies that do not presently comply with the DWSNZ:2000 should immediately implement appropriate water treatment and/or monitoring to ensure future compliance.

50 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 10 Corrective Action

Section 3.4 of DWSNZ:2000 discusses the action that should be taken in the event of a transgression of a microbiological maximum acceptable value (MAV) in the distribution zone. The section states, ‘When transgression of the microbiological standards occurs there must be an immediate response. This should be documented in all cases.’ Although compliance with the standards is based on the gathering of data over a 12-month period, any results where E. coli are detected must be acted upon immediately.

The DWSNZ:2000 also notes that a number of measures are available. Some of these, such as ‘boil water’ notices, are only intended to be temporary. They provide a measure of protection in an emergency situation and should not become a long-term solution. Corrective and remedial action should be continued until the problem is resolved and verified by demonstrating that 100 mL samples do not contain E. coli for three consecutive days.

10.1 Responses to transgressions

Table 10.1 is a summary of all distribution zones in which a transgression was reported during 2001.

Table 10.1: Corrective action following distribution zone transgressions

Corrective action Transgressions Population Band Adequate Inadequate Unknown Unresolved Reported DZs % DZs % DZs % DZs %

<500 238 104 44% 55 23% 79 33% 66 28% 500–999 39 25 64% 8 21% 6 15% 10 26% 1000–4999 32 25 78% 4 13% 3 9% 5 16% 5000–19,999 6 4 67% 1 17% 1 17% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 2 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 50,000–99,999 2 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% >100,000 3 3 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% Total 322 165 51% 68 21% 89 28% 81 25%

Of the 322 zones in which transgressions were reported, 165 (51%) were dealt with in an appropriate and timely manner. The proportion of appropriate and effective corrective actions increased with increasing zone population, with fully adequate responses in all zones serving 20,000 or more people. This means that problems are dealt with at the larger plants better than at the smaller ones, as one would expect. During 2001, 21% of zones that transgressed were reported to have received inadequate corrective action in that the corrective action was inappropriate, delayed or not carried out at all. Of these, the five zones serving 1000 or more people were: Te Puke (Western Bay of Plenty District Council), Balclutha (Clutha District Council), Ashley/Sefton Rural (Hurunui District

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 51 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Council), Kaikoura Urban*4 (Kaikoura District Council) and Woodville (Tararua District Council). A further four zones in this population band—Kawerau and Upper Valley Road (Kawerau District Council), Ashhurst (Palmerston North City Council) and Lyttelton Middle (Banks Peninsula District Council)—were unable to report if corrective action had been carried out or not.

There were occasions when the corrective actions listed were delayed rather than being an immediate response. This is inconsistent with the protection of public health. There were also numerous instances where HPOs were not aware of there being a transgression until the survey was completed (ie, incidents not reported by the water supplier to the DHB). The DWSNZ:2000 requires transgressions to be reported immediately to the Medical Officer of Health.

Several of these zones were also listed under the same category in the 2000 report. Kawerau, Kaikoura and Hurunui District Councils have failed to conduct prompt corrective action following bacteriological transgressions in the Kawerau and Upper Valley, Kaikoura Urban and Ashley/Sefton Rural zones respectively in both 2000 and 2001. The presence of E. coli in drinking-water is indicative of faecal contamination, and consequently, the presence of faecal pathogens. In the light of recent overseas water-borne outbreaks of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7 which caused several fatalities, and the fact that this pathogen was detected in some water supplies in New Zealand recently, water suppliers would be wise not to be blasé in their response to bacteriological transgressions in their drinking- water supplies.

Many of the zones in which inadequate or unknown corrective actions were reported noted that the cause of the transgression remained unresolved. Five of the 81 zones that fell into this category: supplied more than 1000 people. These were: Hauraki Plains East (Hauraki District Council), Ashley/Sefton Rural (Hurunui District Council), Burnham Camp (a Ministry of Defence supply in the Selwyn District), Warrington Township (Dunedin City Council) and Twizel (Mackenzie District Council). It is not possible from the survey data to determine whether the causes of the transgression were not resolved or simply not documented. However, the detection of E. coli requires: • immediate investigation to determine their source or the reason for their occurrence (eg, chlorinator breakdown, main break) • prompt action taken to remedy the problem • subsequent resampling to evaluate the effectiveness of the action.

The procedure in the event of a sample not meeting the microbiological criteria is discussed in the DWSNZ:2000. Effective investigation and corrective action is critical to the protection of the public from water-borne infections.

It is evident that compliance testing is being used as a means of detecting problems in the water treatment process instead of, as is preferable, a periodic quality control check for compliance with the drinking-water standards. Water suppliers should aim to have a quality assurance system in place that gives early indication of problems before they become serious enough to become a hazard to health. To this end, the Ministry of Health recommends that all water suppliers develop PHRMPs for all drinking-water supplies (see Section 7.3 of this report). For further information about quality assurance systems, refer to

4 The Kaikoura urban drinking water supply was unchlorinated for 5 days before a routine water sample was taken. The on-going failure of the chlorinator was entirely due to the firm contracted to manage the treatment plant.Another 2 days elapsed before the microbiological transgression was notified to the Medical Officer of Health.It was only at this point in time that immediate corrective action was put in place by the Engineer.

52 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Chapter 3 of the Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Management for New Zealand (Ministry of Health 1995b).

10.2 ‘Boil water’ notices

‘Boil water’ notices were issued in 130 zones serving approximately 77,000 people during 2001, which represents a decrease of almost 20% since 2000. This included permanent ‘Boil Water’ notices that were reported in 54 supplies serving approximately 4700 people (Appendix 10). It is recognised that many small supplies do not have treatment and the water quality in these supplies is likely to be contaminated. Customers served by these supplies should be informed of the need to boil water. Indeed, many water suppliers do take this responsible approach. However, the notification of a permanent ‘boil water’ notice should not be seen as a viable alternative to adequate drinking-water treatment, especially those operated by local authorities, which should have the resources to install adequate treatment. Seventeen of the zones under permanent ‘boil water’ notice were operated by the following local authorities: Manawatu District Council, Masterton District Council, Tasman District Council, Marlborough District Council, Kaikoura District Council, Waimate District Council, Waitaki District Council, Clutha District Council and Southland District Council.

When ‘boil water’ notices are necessary, it is important to advise, by mail, the whole population within the distribution zone. Notices in the newspaper, telephone notification or radio announcements may be more appropriate for larger than for smaller populations, and can be a very rapid method of notification, but omitting a mail notice will result in some residents being left out.

Recommendations

That water suppliers put in place risk management plans to detect problems or likely problems before they become a hazard to public health. That water suppliers notify all water quality transgressions to the DHB immediately after they occur. That local authorities install adequate water treatment instead of resorting to permanent ‘boil water’ notices for LA-operated drinking-water supplies. That water suppliers undertake immediate corrective action in the event of a transgression and ensure they have response protocols in place for E. coli contamination of drinking-water supplies. That water suppliers who failed to take immediate and appropriate corrective action should review their corrective action procedures.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 53 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 11 Disinfection

Comparison of the data from the answer about current disinfection on the plant monitoring 1 screen and the disinfectant fields in WINZ shows discrepancies for 334 plants. In these instances, the information from the questionnaire has been taken as the more accurate because the data in WINZ may be several years old. However, it should be noted that the WINZ database will not be amended automatically from this survey; any amendments will need to be authorised by the appropriate DHB. Since drinking-water supplies can change, it is important to register such changes as they occur. Where the disinfection question was unanswered, an attempt was made to obtain this information from the DHB. However, for the purposes of this discussion, if there was no record of disinfection treatment the plants were considered as having no disinfection process.

11.1 The effect of disinfection status on microbiological quality

Table 11.1 provides an overview of the disinfection status of the treatment plants covered by this survey as they relate to microbiological quality. ‘Microbiological failure’ refers to plants that were monitored but failed to meet the microbiological criteria, whereas ‘microbiological non-compliance’ includes plants that were not monitored and those for which compliance data were not available.

Of the 2035 treatment plants, 962 (47%) were disinfected, an increase over the previous year. These plants supplied approximately 76% of the population, which is 3% more than in 2000. The remaining population was supplied by plants that were not known to be disinfected.

Table 11.1: Disinfection status

Total Treatment Microbiological Microbiological Microbiological Disinfection Plants * Compliance # Non-compliance # Failure # Status No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

Disinfected 962 76% 47% 287 82% 30% 675 18% 70% 85 2% 9% Untreated 1054 24% 52% 174 84% 17% 880 16% 83% 26 2% 2% Unknown 19 0.04% 1% 0 0% 0% 19 100% 100% 1 7% 5% Total 2035 461 82% 23% 1555 18% 76% 111 2% 5%

* percentage of the total number of treatment plants or population # percentage of the number of treatment plants or population for that particular disinfection status

Tables 11.2 and 11.3 examine disinfection status and microbiological quality as a function of the population bracket of the treatment plant. Microbiological non-compliance includes treatment plants in which E. coli were detected in water as it left the plant and those that were inadequately monitored. No account of Cryptosporidium compliance is made here because parasite removal is largely achieved by physical removal rather than by disinfection.

Compliance in plants receiving disinfection treatment was about double that of non- disinfected plants although the total population served by compliant plants in 2001 was approximately equal.

54 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 11.2: Compliance of treatment plants with disinfection

Treatment Plants E. coli E. coli E. coli Population (Disinfected) Compliance Non-compliance * Failure Band No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

<500 683 50% 41% 154 23% 23% 529 77% 77% 51 13% 7% 500–999 76 75% 74% 18 25% 24% 58 75% 76% 17 22% 22% 1000–4999 122 77% 74% 63 55% 52% 59 45% 48% 15 12% 12% 5000–19,999 48 68% 74% 30 62% 63% 18 38% 38% 2 7% 4% 20,000–49,999 13 44% 46% 6 45% 46% 7 55% 54% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 12 78% 80% 8 68% 67% 4 32% 33% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 8 88% 80% 8 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Total 962 76% 47% 287 82% 30% 675 18% 70% 85 2% 9%

* E. coli non-compliance includes no or inadequate monitoring and use of a non-registered laboratory as well as E. coli (transgression) failure.

The proportion of treatment plants using disinfection that did not comply with the E. coli criteria generally declined as the population bracket increased. Of the 81 disinfected plants serving populations of 5000 and more people, 29 did not comply with the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. Most of these failed to monitor adequately although E. coli were detected in two supplies as previously indicated: Billah Street, Tokoroa (South Waikato District Council) and Alpha Street, Cambridge (Waipa District Council).

As with treatment plants that used disinfection, the compliance rate of the untreated plants increased with increasing population. Eight of the 37 treatment plants without disinfection that served populations of 5000 failed to comply microbiologically with the DWSNZ:2000. E. coli were detected in one of these: Whakarewarewa Forest Springs plant serving Okareke and Rotorua Eastern Suburbs (Rotorua District Council).

Table 11.3: Compliance of treatment plants without disinfection

Treatment Plants E. coli Compliance E. coli Non-compliance* E. coli Failure Population (Untreated) Band No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

<500 967 49% 59% 131 12% 14% 836 88% 88% 19 4% 2% 500–999 27 25% 26% 1 4% 4% 26 96% 96% 1 6% 4% 1000–4999 42 23% 26% 13 34% 31% 29 66% 66% 6 21% 14% 5000–19,999 17 32% 26% 10 57% 59% 7 43% 43% 1 5% 6% 20,000–49,999 15 56% 54% 14 96% 93% 1 4% 4% 0 0% 0% 50,000–99,999 3 22% 20% 3 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 100,000+ 2 12% 20% 2 100% 100% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% Total 1073 24% 53% 174 84% 16% 899 16% 16% 27 2% 3%

* E. coli non-compliance includes no or inadequate monitoring and use of a non-registered laboratory as well as E. coli (transgression) failure.

Groundwater sources were used in each of the seven treatment plants serving communities of more than 1000 people with untreated drinking-water in which E. coli were detected during 2001. Four of these—Alexandra Bore and Waihou River Spring (South Waikato District Council), Ashley Rural Plant (Hurunui District Council) and Reefton Plant (Buller District Council)—considered the source to be secure groundwater but had not verified this. It is possible that the water suppliers considered that the groundwater did not require treatment because it was groundwater. However, a groundwater that is contaminated with E. coli cannot, by definition, constitute secure groundwater. The water supplier may need

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 55 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 to consider disinfection of the groundwater if compliance cannot be achieved with improved management.

11.2 Methods of disinfection

The various methods of disinfection used by communities of different population bands is shown in Table 11.4.

Table 11.4: Disinfection methods used for different population bands

Chlorinated Ozonated UV treated Untreated secure g/w Population Band No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs No. Pop. TPs

<500 268 0.7% 16% 20 0.04% 1.2% 406 0.5% 25% 11 0.04% 1% 500–999 70 0.7% 68% 0 0% 0% 6 0.1% 6% 0 0% 0% 1000–4999 114 4% 70% 0 0% 0% 8 0.2% 5% 5 0.1% 3% 5000–19,999 48 6% 74% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 12 2% 18% 20,000–49,999 13 7% 46% 1 0.4% 4% 0 0% 0% 12 8% 43% 50,000–99,999 12 12% 80% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 3 3% 20% 100,000+ 8 44% 80% 0 0% 0% 0 0% 0% 2 6% 20% Total 533 75% 26% 21 0.5% 1.0% 420 0.8% 21% 45 20% 2%

A total of 533 or 26% of all treatment plants serving 75% of the population used chlorine during 2001, which makes it the most widely used disinfection method for drinking-water in New Zealand. The use of chlorine to treat drinking-water has increased slightly since 2000. Most treatment plants serving communities of 500 or more people used chlorine to treat the drinking-water supply. However, chlorination was not so common in smaller plants, with only 16% of communities of <500 being supplied with chlorinated water.

The next most popular disinfection method was UV treatment, which was used in 420 treatment plants. In the past two years there has been a large increase increase in the number of plants using UV treatment systems. A further 68 UV treatment systems were commissioned during 2001. Almost half of these were in schools, of which there were 222 reported by the end of 2001. However, UV was only used in treatment plants supplying small populations and was not used as a means of water treatment for communities of 5000 and more people.

The number of plants using ozone treatment increased by seven to 21 during 2001. Extraction of water from a secure groundwater supply was the only form of treatment in 41 (2%) plants, including several large community supplies.

No plants were recorded as using ClO2 during 2001.

In terms of the proportion of the population covered by this survey, 75% were supplied with chlorinated water, 20% were secure groundwater, 5% received water with no disinfection treatment, 0.5% were supplied with ozonated water and 0.8% received water that was UV-treated.

Table 11.5 presents an overview of the effectiveness of disinfection systems in the treatment plants covered by the survey. Of the 2035 treatment plants surveyed, 1073 (53%) received no disinfection treatment. Of these, 45 supplies were drawn from secure groundwater sources. A further 533 (26%) were chlorinated, UV irradiation was used in

56 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 420 (21%) plants and ozone was used in 21 plants. In summary, 95% of total population was supplied with water that was either chlorinated or extracted from secure groundwater sources.

The number of groundwater supplies classified as secure decreased from 61 to 45 during the past year, which corresponded to a decrease of 2% in the proportion of the population supplied from secure groundwater sources. The reduction in secure groundwater supplies was due to the increased awareness of the requirements for the determination of secure status by water suppliers and HPOs and also to the downgrading of three supplies to non- secure groundwater following the detection of E. coli during 2001.

Table 11.5: Effectiveness of disinfection methods

Total Treatment Plants Microbiological Microbiological E. coli Method of Compliance Non-compliance Failure Disinfection No. Pop.* TPs* No. Pop.# TPs# No. Pop.# TPs# No. Pop.# TPs#

Chlorinated 533 75% 26% 186 82% 35% 347 18% 65% 71 2% 13% Ozonated 21 0.5% 1% 0 0% 0% 21 100% 100% 1 2% 5% UV treated 420 0.8% 21% 101 28% 24% 319 72% 76% 14 5% 3% Untreated secure g/w 45 20% 2% 42 97% 93% 3 3% 7% 1 1% 2% Untreated other 1028 5% 51% 132 6% 13% 896 94% 87% 26 2% 3%

Total 2035 461 82% 23% 1586 18% 78% 85 1% 4%

* % of the total number of treatment plants or population # % of the number of treatment plants or population for that particular disinfection status

Table 11.5 also indicates microbiological compliance, microbiological non-compliance and E. coli failure for each method of disinfection. ‘E. coli failure’ refers to plants in which E. coli have been detected, and is a subset of ‘microbiological non-compliance’, which also included plants that could not demonstrate adequate monitoring.

Compliance differs widely for the different types of treatment. Of the 45 supplies for which having a secure groundwater supply was the only form of treatment, only 44 complied. In population terms, 97% of people with a secure groundwater supply received drinking-water that complied with the E. coli standard. However, microbiological compliance of secure groundwater supplies compared favourably to other forms of treatment. Compliance was achieved by 35% of chlorinated supplies. This is equivalent to 82% compliance for the population that received chlorinated drinking-water in 2001. Compliance was achieved in none of the 21 ozonated supplies, mostly due to no or inadequate monitoring. In comparison, compliance was achieved in 101 (24%) of the 420 UV-treated supplies, which represented 28% of the population served by UV treatment plants. Non-compliance of UV-treated supplies was mostly caused by failure to monitor for E. coli, although E. coli were detected in 14 of the 128 UV-treated supplies that were monitored during the year.

Water supplies that were neither treated nor extracted from secure groundwater sources comprised 51% of supplies, although this category of water was used to supply only 5% of the population. Only 13% of these supplies complied bacteriologically; non-compliance was mostly due to a lack of monitoring in the predominantly small communities. However, 102 of the 132 supplies in this category served small communities that were exempt from treatment plant monitoring. All of the remainder were groundwater supplies. These will fall into one of two categories: • supplies that might prove to be secure groundwater if their security were to be assessed

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 57 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 • supplies that are subject to contamination but in which E. coli were not detected during 2001. It might be worthwhile for the water suppliers to determine whether any of these supplies (listed in Appendix 11) fall into the former category, as a secure groundwater source is a valuable asset.

Table 11.6 shows the compliance of treatment plants that used each disinfection method for different population bands. The numbers of compliant plants are then presented as a percentage of the total number of plants using some form of disinfection for that population band.

Table 11.6: Disinfection methods by population band in complying treatment plants

Chlorinated UV-treated Ozonated Untreated Secure No or Unknown Population Groundwater Treatment Band No. Compliant* No. Compliant No. Compliant No. Compliant No. Compliant

<500 59 22% 95 23% 0 0% 11 100% 120 13% 500–999 17 24% 1 17% 0 - 0 - 1 4% 1000–4999 58 51% 5 63% 0 - 5 100% 8 22% 5000–19,999 30 63% 0 - 0 - 10 83% 0 0% 20,000–49,999 6 46% 0 - 0 0% 11 92% 3 100% 50,000–99,999 8 67% 0 - 0 - 3 100% 0 - 100,000+ 8 100% 0 - 0 - 2 100% 0 - Total 186 35% 101 24% 0 0% 42 93% 132 13%

* percentage compliance is calculated using the total number of plants using each type ot treatment for each population band (from Table 11.4)

Ozone or UV treatment can provide good disinfection when operated properly in the treatment of water of satisfactory physical quality. However, care should be taken when selecting treatments that do not provide residual disinfection, particularly where post- treatment contamination is likely or is known to occur or in those zones with aged or lengthy reticulation systems, which are prone to bio-fouling. Even before the reticulated water quality is considered, suppliers must take greater care with implementation of the disinfection process. Ultraviolet treatment systems were installed by some water suppliers for reasons of cost and convenience at the possible expense of effective microbiological treatment. The water supplier must understand the importance of regular maintenance and operational checks if any protection is to be gained from UV treatment. As UV treatment is particularly susceptible to failure in turbid or coloured water, careful consideration should be given before installing ultraviolet systems for surface water sources that can sometimes have poor physical condition. This is particularly pertinent for schools, many of which have recently installed UV treatment.

There are several causes of disinfection failure: • inappropriate type of disinfection system • ineffective control system • inadequate control/supervision/maintenance.

Unlike most other disinfectants, UV treatment does not leave a residual disinfectant in the water. Consequently, there is nothing to inhibit bacterial regrowth in the reticulation system or to protect against micro-organisms if the water supply is susceptible to post- treatment contamination.

58 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

There are several types of disinfectant dosing systems. Some types offer better control of the disinfection process than others.

The best protection is offered by the automatic dosing systems that analyse the residual disinfectant downstream of the dosing point and which adjust the disinfectant dose rate to maintain a constant residual concentration. In chlorinated systems these are known as ‘continuous free available chlorine monitors’. These systems adjust for water flow and variable water quality.

Flow proportional systems administer disinfectant at a rate proportional to the water flow through the treatment plant. However, they do not compensate for the extra disinfectant demand caused by poor water quality, such as might be expected after heavy rain when river turbidity levels increase. Consequently, they afford little protection against microbiological contamination at the times when it is likely to be at its worst.

Constant dose systems apply disinfectant at a constant rate. This results in fluctuations in disinfectant concentration with varying water flows through the treatment plant and offers the least protection when the water usage is highest. As with flow proportional systems, these afford little protection against microbiological contamination at the times when it is likely to be at its worst.

Sporadic or hand dosing offers little protection. It is generally used in circumstances when water quality is known to be poor, such as in a surface water supply during heavy rain. While this practice is likely to offer some protection during these events, there is no protection at other times when microbiological contamination may, and frequently does, occur without obvious indication of contamination.

Recommendations

That water suppliers advise the DHBs of changes to water supply and treatment when they occur so that WINZ can be amended accordingly. That water treatment in plants that do not comply with the microbiological criteria, particularly those supplying larger communities, be reviewed by the local authorities/water suppliers and improved to comply with the DWSNZ:2000. That the management of groundwater supplies that fail the E. coli compliance criteria be reviewed and regraded. That a study of the factors adversely affecting the microbiological quality of UV- treated drinking-water in New Zealand is undertaken to allow advice to be given to water suppliers as to when UV treatment is suitable for a supply. That water suppliers assess whether any of the supplies listed in Appendix 11 are likely to be eligible to become secure groundwaters; if so, their determination of security is to be encouraged.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 59 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 12 The Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000

On 1 January 2001, the DWSNZ:1995 were replaced by the DWSNZ:2000. Consequently, this report assesses compliance of water supplies in 2001 against the requirements specified in the DWSNZ:2000. Local authorities and water suppliers should note that it is no longer applicable to refer to the DWSNZ:1995, which are now defunct. This should be particularly noted by those LAs which, as recently as 1999, still referred to the NZDWS:1984 in their annual plans long after that standard had been replaced by the DWSNZ:1995.

The following section has been included in this report to summarise the differences between the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 that are most pertinent to microbiological compliance. These are included to assist LAs and water suppliers understand some of the ramifications of the new standards. However, it should be noted that, because some amendments to the DWSNZ:2000 have been mooted, this discussion may be incomplete and is not intended as a substitute for thorough reading of the new standards.

12.1 Some of the implications of microbiological compliance of the DWSNZ:2000

The main bacterial indicator of faecal contamination has been changed from faecal coliforms to E. coli. This change has little consequence for water suppliers, however, because the DWSNZ:1995 allowed E. coli to be used in place of faecal coliforms anyway and the DWSNZ:2000 allows monitoring of faecal coliforms or total coliforms instead of E. coli.

However, the change in the referee methods used for drinking-water compliance testing will have implications for the laboratories. The new referee methods are specified in Section 11.1.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 and are described as follows.

E. coli: Enzyme Substrate Coliform Test (APHA 9223 B) • Presence/Absence • Multi-Well MPN (Quantitray) • MPN (multiple tube technique) Faecal coliforms: Multiple tube fermentation (APHA 9221 E) Total coliforms: Multiple tube fermentation (APHA 9221 B)

Laboratories wishing to use other methods for drinking-water compliance testing after September 2002 will have to calibrate their methods against one of the referee methods listed above before this date. However, some methods may have already been validated, so they will need to check with the Ministry of Health first to see if their method has already been calibrated against one of the referee methods.

The minimum frequencies of compliance sampling has also changed. Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 specifies the minimum sampling frequencies for E. coli for water leaving the treatment plant. These frequencies specify the number of samples to be taken per quarter

60 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 (three months) to fit in with the WINZ requirement for compiling the data on a quarterly basis. The changes to the minimum sampling requirements for various types of supplies have been modified as follows: • secure groundwater supplies – the reduction to 1/quarter after the initial 12 monthly samples no longer applies • supplies* serving fewer than 500 people – minimum sampling reduced from 1/week to 3/quarter (1/month) • non-chlorinated supplies* serving 501–5,000 people – minimum sampling reduced from 2/week to 13/quarter (1/week) • chlorinated supplies* serving 501–5,000 people – minimum sampling reduced from 1/week to 10/quarter • supplies* serving more than 10,000 people that are not fully chlorinated – minimum sampling increased from 2/week to 92/quarter (daily) • supplies serving fewer than 100 people in one to three buildings and that have only a short reticulation system (eg, most school supplies) are exempt from E. coli testing of water leaving the treatment plant.

The sampling requirement has become more prescriptive in that Table 3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 also specifies the maximum interval between successive samples and also the minimum number of days of the week on which sampling is to be conducted (i.e. 3 days per week means that samples must not all be taken on Mondays, for example, but on at least three different days during the quarter).

The maximum interval between successive samples and the minimum number of days of the week on which sampling is to be conducted in the distribution zone is specified in Table 3.2b of the DWSNZ:2000. The minimum sampling frequency in the distribution zone is largely unchanged.

The DWSNZ:2000 refer to protozoa instead of Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Giardia compliance has been removed from the new standards, which focus on Cryptosporidium. The rationale for this is that any treatment that will kill or remove Cryptosporidium will also remove Giardia, making the old Giardia compliance criteria superfluous.

As with the previous standards, protozoa compliance is dependent on the type of treatment, but the protozoa compliance requirements have been generally tightened up and described below.

• Filtration without coagulation – the filtration process must now be validated by demonstrating a 4-log removalΨ of particles in the 3–15µm size range. • Coagulation – turbidity monitoring is unchanged but the stringency has increased. The 95th percentile limit of 0.5 NTU will drop to 0.1 NTU in 2005 and the maximum turbidity spike will drop from 1.0 NTU to 0.5 NTU at the same time. • Disinfection without filtration – chlorination is no longer acceptable for protozoa compliance. The C.t values for ozone and chlorine dioxide are now temperature- dependent (see Table 13.1 of the DWSNZ:2000).

* not including secure groundwater supplies Ψ this is likely to be changed to a 3-log removal in the revision of the DWSNZ:2000

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 61 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

The criteria for the demonstration of groundwater security have also been revised. The new requirements are that the supply must: • have a secure well-head • be able to demonstrate an absence of E. coli in 12 consecutive monthly samples and maintain a sampling programme to demonstrate continued compliance with the E. coli requirement and either • demonstrate that less than 0.005% of the water shall have been present in the aquifer for less than one year (using the tritium and/or CFC methods) and/or • demonstrate that variations in the groundwater characteristics shall not exceed a coefficient of variation of more than: • 3.0% in conductivity • 4.0% in chloride concentration • 2.5% in nitrate concentration (by standardised variance) when measured 12 times at regular intervals for 1–3 years.

More emphasis has been placed on quality assurance in the new standards. External calibration of equipment used to monitor water treatment processes (eg, particle counters, turbidity meters, chlorine/ozone/chlorine dioxide analysers etc) is now specified.

12.2 The transition from the DWSNZ:1995 to the DWSNZ:2000

The 2001 annual survey, for the first time, uses the compliance requirements of the DWSNZ:2000. The new standards have incorporated several changes into compliance criteria at both the distribution zone and treatment plant level. To understand the implications of the changes it is first necessary to describe the relevant changes to the drinking-water standards. The following aspects of the DWSNZ:2000 have made compliance more difficult to achieve in the distribution zone: • the tolerance for bacteriological transgression has decreased slightly • there is now a prescribed minimum number of days of the week upon which monitoring samples must be taken • there is now a prescribed maximum number of days between successive monitoring samples.

The following aspects of the DWSNZ:2000 have made compliance easier to achieve at the treatment plant: • a reduction in the minimum frequency of E. coli monitoring for surface and non-secure groundwater supplies serving 10,000 people or fewer

62 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 • some supplies serving 100 or fewer people (mostly schools) are now exempt from E. coli monitoring at the treatment plant • there is now some tolerance for treatment plants in which E. coli are detected whereas, previously, a single transgression resulted in non-compliance. The following aspects of the DWSNZ:2000 have made compliance more difficult to achieve at the treatment plant: • the minimum frequency of E. coli monitoring for surface and non-secure groundwater supplies serving 10,001 to 100,000 people has increased • an increase in the minimum frequency of E. coli monitoring to maintain secure groundwater status from one per two months to one per month • there is now a prescribed minimum number of days of the week upon which monitoring samples must be taken and a prescribed maximum number of days between successive monitoring samples • compliance with the protozoan compliance criteria is now much more stringent for plants using filtration without coagulation because their ability to remove particles in the 3–15 µm size range now needs to be demonstrated • the requirement for continuous turbidity monitoring for treatment plants using a coagulation/filtration process now applies to those plants serving more than 10,000 people.

As a result of these changes it is not valid to compare directly the level of compliance in previous reports that were based on the DWSNZ:1995 with compliance with the DWSNZ:2000. A supply that complied with the DWSNZ:1995 but not with the DWSNZ:2000 does not necessarily reflect a reduction in the level of treatment nor a decrease in drinking-water quality but may merely reflect a change in the stringency of the compliance criteria.

Consequently, the data are presented in two different ways. The present status of the water supplies was reported against the DWSNZ:2000 – this provides a snapshot of the present status and will serve for comparisons in future reports. However, for the purposes of comparison with the previous year’s results, the 2001 data, where possible, was converted to compliance with the DWSNZ:1995.

The effect of the shift to the compliance criteria of the DWSNZ:2000 has been a decrease in distribution zone compliance caused mainly by the days-of-the-week requirement for monitoring. This requirement also reduced the degree of adequate monitoring at the zones. The effect is illustrated in Tables 12.1 and 12.2 which give a direct comparison between compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 and compliance that would have been achieved using the DWSNZ:1995.

The effect of the shift to the treatment plant compliance criteria of the DWSNZ:2000 has been a small net decrease in both E. coli and Cryptosporidium compliance (refer to Tables 12.3 and 12.4). With regard to E. coli compliance, the increase caused by exempton from monitoring for some of the supplies serving less than 100 people was balanced against other supplies that failed to comply with the DWSNZ:2000 due to the days-of-the-week requirement for monitoring. The decrease in Cryptosporidium compliance was particularly evident in the small supplies and was caused mostly by the need to assess particle removal for plants using cartridge filtration to comply with the DWSNZ:2000.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 63 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 12.1: Comparison between distribution zone compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by health district

Total E. coli compliance no. DWSNZ:1995 DWSNZ:2000 Health district DZs No. % pop % DZs No. % DZs % pop Northland 251 33 86% 13% 3081% 12% Auckland 223 60 98% 27% 5998% 26% Waikato 189 69 81% 37% 6981% 37% Tauranga 52 3 74% 6% 3 74% 6% Rotorua 96 29 66% 30% 2521% 26% Whakatane 41 654% 15% 553% 12% Gisborne 55 4 91% 7% 4 91% 7% Taranaki 88 16 74% 18% 1369% 15% Hawkes Bay 118 27 93% 23% 2793% 23% Wanganui 52 12 86% 23% 1118% 21% Manawatu 88 13 85% 15% 1277% 14% Wairarapa 33 158% 3% 00% 0% Hutt Valley 52 36100% 69% 36 100% 69% Nelson 68 23 89% 34% 2389% 34% Marlborough 84 978% 11% 978% 11% West Coast 75 13 74% 17% 1374% 17% Canterbury 241 66 78% 27% 467% 19% S. Canterbury 60 1481% 23% 11 79% 18% Otago 158 23 58% 15% 114% 7% Southland 85 1811% 21% 18 11% 21% Total 2109 475 85% 23% 425 70% 20%

Table 12.2: Comparison between distribution zone compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by population band

Total E. coli compliance no. DWSNZ:1995 DWSNZ:2000 Population Band DZs No. % pop % DZs No. % pop % DZs <500 1717 254 25% 15% 232 23% 14% 500–999 117 35 31% 30% 30 26% 26% 1000–4999 162 94 62% 58% 82 56% 51% 5000–19,999 72 52 77% 72% 48 69% 67% 20,000–49,999 31 30 95% 97% 25 77% 81% 50,000–99,999 5 5 100% 100% 4 78% 80% 100,000+ 5 5 100% 100% 480% 80% TOTAL 2109 475 85% 23% 425 70% 20%

64 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Table 12.3: Comparison between treatment plant compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by health district

Health Total E. coli compliance Cryptosporidium compliance District No. DWSNZ:1995 DWSNZ:2000 DWSNZ:1995 DWSNZ:2000 TPs No. pop TPs No. pop TPs No. pop TPs No. pop TPs Northland 252 12 79% 5% 123 90% 49% 95 66% 38% 14 60% 6% Auckland 192 17 99% 9% 20 99% 10% 37 99% 19% 7 97% 4% Waikato 179 20 63% 11% 43 71% 24% 29 24% 16% 15 14% 8% Tauranga 49 11 97% 22% 3 81% 6% 11 43% 22% 5 43% 10% Rotorua 90 13 68% 14% 20 30% 22% 14 18% 16% 6 16% 7% Whakatane 38 5 61% 13% 7 53% 18% 4 58% 11% 4 58% 11% Gisborne 56 2 47% 4% 2 47% 4% 1 47% 2% 1 47% 2% Taranaki 80 8 81% 10% 27 87% 34% 25 74% 31% 0 0% 0% Hawkes Bay 123 24 94% 20% 31 94% 25% 41 93% 33% 22 92% 18% Wanganui 54 5 74% 9% 11 79% 20% 9 18% 17% 4 12% 7% Manawatu 89 20 94% 22% 13 40% 15% 26 86% 29% 9 86% 10% Wairarapa 35 4 72% 11% 3 50% 9% 5 62% 14% 0 0% 0% Hutt Valley 31 9 99% 29% 11 99.8% 35% 6 98% 19% 5 98% 16% Nelson 74 11 93% 15% 18 94% 24% 27 39% 36% 8 38% 11% Marlborough 87 6 78% 7% 8 80% 9% 11 6% 13% 1 4.8% 1% West Coast 73 5 44% 7% 15 45% 21% 15 19% 21% 1 16% 1% Canterbury 249 16 79% 6% 34 76% 14% 25 71% 10% 11 71% 4% S. Canterbury 61 6 64% 10% 9 26% 15% 4 49% 7% 0 0% 0% Otago 143 17 59% 12% 44 7% 31% 6 2% 4% 3 1% 2% Southland 80 14 82% 18% 19 35% 24% 8 16% 10% 3 15% 4% Total 2035 225 89% 11% 461 82% 23% 399 77% 20% 119 74% 6%

Table 12.4: Comparison between treatment plant compliance using the DWSNZ:1995 and the DWSNZ:2000 by population band

Population Total E. coli compliance Cryptosporidium compliance band No. DWSNZ:1995 DWSNZ:2000 DWSNZ:1995 DWSNZ:2000 TPs No. pop TPs No. pop TPs No. pop TPs No. pop TPs <500 1650 41 0.1% 2% 285 0.4% 17% 279 0.4% 17% 26 0.1% 2% 500–999 103 23 0.2% 22% 19 0.2% 18% 10 0.1% 10% 4 0.04% 4% 1000–4999 164 66 3% 40% 76 3% 46% 40 2% 24% 28 1% 17% 5000–19,999 65 45 6% 69% 40 5% 62% 34 5% 52% 27 4% 42% 20,000–49,999 28 25 15% 89% 20 12% 71% 16 10% 57% 14 9% 50% 50,000–99,999 15 15 15% 100% 11 11% 73% 11 11% 73% 11 11% 73% 100,000+ 10 10 50% 100% 10 50% 100% 9 48% 90% 9 48% 90% Total 2035 225 89% 11% 461 82% 23% 399 77% 20% 119 74% 6%

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 65 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 13 References

Board of Health. 1984. Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand. Wellington: Board of Health. Millar JA and Hasell SK. 1994. Systematic Microbiological Surveillance of Drinking- water for 1992 and 1993. Report FW94/7. Christchurch: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd. Ministry of Education. 1998. Health and Safety Code of Practice for State Primary, Composite and Secondary Schools. Wellington: Ministry of Education. Ministry of Health. 1995a. Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 1995. Wellington: Ministry of Health.* Ministry of Health. 1995b. Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Management for New Zealand. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 1996. Microbiological Quality of Drinking-Water in New Zealand 1995. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 1997. Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1996. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 1998. Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1997. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 1999. Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1998. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 2000a. Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 1999. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 2000b. Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand: 2000. Wellington: Ministry of Health. ** Ministry of Health. 2001a. Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking- Water in New Zealand 2000. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Ministry of Health. 2001b. Register of Community Drinking-water Supplies in New Zealand. 2001 Edition. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Nokes CJ. 1995. Systematic Microbiological Surveillance of Drinking-water for 1994. Report FW95/30. Christchurch: Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd. http://www.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/Web/nzstories.nsf/1167b2c70ca821cb4c2568080081 e089/6453c1f4afce6e68cc256b1e007b742b?OpenDocument

* Referred to in the text as DWSNZ:1995. ** Referred to in the text as DWSNZ:2000.

66 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 1: List of health districts and public health service providers

Health District Office Public Health Service Provider Telephone No.

Northland Whangarei Northland District Health Board (09) 430 4100 Northland Kerikeri Northland District Health Board (09) 407 8314 Northland Kaitaia Northland District Health Board (09) 408 0010 Auckland Auckland Auckland District Health Board (09) 262 1855 Waikato Hamilton Health Waikato (07) 838 2569 Tauranga Tauranga Pacific Health (07) 571 8975 Whakatane Whakatane Pacific Health (07) 306 0720 Rotorua Rotorua Pacific Health (07) 349 3520 Gisborne Gisborne Tairawhiti District Health (06) 867 9119 Taranaki New Plymouth Taranaki Health (06) 753 7798 Hawkes Bay Napier Hawkes Bay District Health Board (06) 834 1815 Wanganui Wanganui MidCentral Health (06) 348 1775 Manawatu Palmerston North MidCentral Health (06) 350 9110 Hutt Valley Lower Hutt Hutt Valley District Health Board (04) 570 9002 Wairarapa Masterton Hutt Valley District Health Board (06) 378 9029 Nelson Nelson Nelson-Marlborough District (03) 546 1537 Health Board Marlborough Blenheim Nelson-Marlborough District (03) 577 1914 Health Board West Coast Greymouth Crown Public Health (03) 768 1160 Canterbury Christchurch Crown Public Health (03) 379 9480 South Canterbury Timaru Crown Public Health (03) 688 6019 Otago Dunedin Public Health South (03) 474 1700 Southland Queenstown Public Health South (03) 442 2500 Southland Invercargill Public Health South (03) 211 0900

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 67 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 2: Drinking-water microbiology questionnaires

Example of distribution zone monitoring 1 screen

Example of distribution zone monitoring 2 screen

68 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Example of distribution zone audit screen

Example of treatment plant monitoring 1 screen

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 69 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Example of treatment plant monitoring 2 screen

Example of treatment plant audit screen

70 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 3: Notes to the 2001 annual survey of the microbiological quality of drinking-water

The 2001 Drinking-Water Microbiology survey again comprises distribution zone and treatment plant questionnaires. The format is very similar to the 2000 questionnaire and can be conducted using the AnnualSurvey module of WINZ. The paper copy of the questionnaire can be used where you wish to get the water supplier to fill in the questionnaire. The following instructions are provided as guidance for you as you complete the questionnaire. Please note that the questionnaire is based on compliance with the Drinking-Water Standards for New Zealand 2000 (DWSNZ:2000) instead of the DWSNZ:1995 as in previous years.

NB: If you have entered your sampling data and results into WINZ then you can save yourself some time by making sure that all four compliance quarters have been completed for each distribution zone and treatment plant. Where all four compliance quarters have been completed, this questionnaire will be automatically updated with the sampling data. This will save you the trouble of entering these data manually.

Please make every attempt to ensure that the data you collect in this survey is accurate as the ensuing annual report may be used to formulate health policy. For example, Cabinet has directed: (1) the Ministry if Health to convene a working party to monitor and evaluate the impact on local communities of the new drinking-water legislation during the five year based-in period and report back annually to Cabinet Social Policy and Health Committee on those supplies not complying with the new legislation; the reasons for their non-compliance and actions taken to effect the compliance. (2) The Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand will form the basis of the Ministry [of Health]’s annual report from 2001.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 71 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 WINZ User Notes Introduction A number of changes have been made in the Annual Survey for 2001. The first is a name change away from the Micro Survey. This is because the survey now incorporates a few P2 questions for supplies that have P2 determinands. Also, the compliance assessment questions now refer to the Drinking-Water Standards 2000 (DWS2000). In addition, a number of helpful features have been added to make your job easier, eg being able to list all sources when completing the section on security of groundwater sources. Overall, the questionnaire looks very similar to past years and should be straightforward to complete, especially if you have done it previously.

Overview of the Annual Survey in WINZ 1. Before you start completing the questionnaires. When the upgrade to WINZ is distributed (by January 2002), then you will need to install the new version. Do not create the 2001 questionnaires in an earlier version of WINZ as it will not contain the same set of questions. Secondly, a supply update disk is included and this should be imported into WINZ (using the Transfer – Import option in WINZ) before progressing further. Also, if you want WINZ to total the number of compliance and/or surveillance samples taken and transgressions, then you need to complete all the relevant Quarters for 2001 before adding the 2001 survey forms in WINZ.

2. Starting the Annual Survey module in WINZ. Select “AnnualSurvey” from the WINZ main menu. The Annual Survey Workbench opens.

3. The Annual Survey Workbench overview. The Annual Survey Workbench is essentially the same as previous years’ versions with a few changes to questions and some changes to make it easier to use. It consists of the following parts: a) At the top there are two tabs (Zones and Plants) which correspond to the two survey forms. b) Near the top left the current survey year is displayed. This should default to 2001. The two boxes immediately below this allow you to subset and sort the zones or plants displayed. c) The list at the middle-left of the screen shows which zones or plants have survey records for the current year. When a zone or plant is selected, its details are shown to the right. d) On the top-right of the screen basic information about the selected zone or plant is displayed.

72 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 e) The Annual Survey questions and responses for the current zone or plant are shown at the middle-right of the screen. These consist of three tabs; two for the monitoring questions and one for the audit/surveillance questions. f) Buttons to Add and Delete survey records are at the bottom left. When records are added, WINZ adds all the zones and plants in the users supply set. If some records already exist, WINZ adds only those that do not yet exist. Delete only removes the currently selected zone or plant record. The Links button displays a list of all plants attached to the current zone or all zones attached to the current plant and allows you to “jump” to an attached plant or zone. The Report button allows you to select zones or plants then view and print their questionnaire forms.

The Annual Survey Workbench

4. How to fill in the answers in WINZ. All the survey forms (zone-monitoring, zone-audit, plant-monitoring and plant-audit) behave in the same way in WINZ. In the discussion below, the zone monitoring survey (the first tab of which is shown above) is used as an example. 4.1 Adding the survey forms. When you are ready to start completing the survey you first need to add the forms for the survey year. Unlike when using paper forms, there is now no need to send out pre- printed forms because your copy of WINZ already contains all the information needed to create electronic forms. Therefore, when you first go into the Annual Survey in WINZ and select the new survey year, no zones or plant records will be shown until you add the new forms. To add the forms, first select the Zone tab and ensure that the correct survey year is selected. Then click on the Add button. WINZ will report the number of forms that will be added (click on the OK button). Once the forms are added, a list of zones will appear on the left of the screen and the survey forms on the right. Now select the Plant tab and Add these forms as well. Note that survey forms can only be modified from December of the Survey year through to November the following year. You will now have a full set of survey forms for the survey year.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 73 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 4.2 Fill in the answers. If a supply was decommissioned before the start of the survey year but is still on the DW Register, read paragraph 4.4 below. When entering answers onto the form, only the “active” questions need to be completed. These are the questions which have the question in black text and the space for the answer is white. “Inactive” questions are greyed and you cannot enter anything in the answer box. For example, on the first tab of the Zone Monitoring form, the Contact Name and Phone number questions are optional and are active. The next question (“Is the population correct ?”) has two possible answers; Yes or No. You can enter these answers into the box by typing them, but it is best to click on the small down-arrow at the right-hand end of the box then select Yes or No from the option list. If No is selected, then the box to the right activates for you to enter the revised population for the zone. You have to type your answer into this box. Similarly, the question, “Was FAC monitoring used for partial replacement for E.coli?”, has options of Yes or No. If No is selected, the following two questions are inactive as they are irrelevant and therefore do not need to be answered. WINZ activates and deactivates questions to make it easy for you to see which questions need to be answered.

4.3 Completing a form. Once all active questions have been answered, you need to tick the box at the end of the form which says “Information is complete”. For the Monitoring forms, this is found on the second tab (ie Monitoring - 2). When you indicate that the form is complete, WINZ checks that all required questions have been answered. If not, it reports where answers are still required. Complete these and then tick the box. Please note that where a zone or plant has one or many P2 determinands, the P2 questions must be completed before the form can be completed. Once a form has been ticked as complete, it is locked and cannot be edited unless the tick-mark is first removed. Only “Completed” forms can be transferred electronically to other users. Monitoring and Audit forms need to be ticked as complete before they can be transferred.

4.4 What if the zone or plant has been decommissioned but is still on the Register? Survey forms are created for all Zones and Plants currently in your WINZ version of the DW Register. If a supply was decommissioned before the start of the survey year but was still on the Register, then a survey form will be added in WINZ. There is no need to fill in all the answers on the Annual Survey forms for supplies decommissioned before the start of the survey year. Instead, at the end of the Monitoring form (on the Monitoring - 2 tab), tick the “Supply is now closed” box and enter the date the zone or plant was closed. If a supply was decommissioned during or after the survey year, fill in the answers for the time that it was operational. In the “Monitoring Notes” box (on the Monitoring - 2 tab) state when the supply closed and that it should now be removed from the Register then tick the “Information is complete” box.

4.5 When should Annual Survey forms be deleted? The need to delete an Annual Survey form should arise very rarely, especially if you imported the supply update contained on the enclosed floppy disk. Forms for decommissioned zones or plants should not be deleted but rather marked as “Closed” on the Monitoring form.

74 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 When an error is noticed in the Registration details that are saved on an Annual Survey form, you need to inform ESR to change the Register then update your WINZ copy of the Register. The affected Annual Survey form should then be deleted and re-added. After a form has been deleted, clicking on the Add button will only add forms that are not present and will not overwrite any existing forms.

4.6 Checking which survey forms have been completed. When forms have been ticked as being Complete, a small padlock icon is displayed at the top right of the form. To list which zones or plants have Monitoring survey forms still to be completed, set the “Show” box to “Monitoring Incomplete”. Likewise, incomplete Audit forms can be displayed by selecting “Audit Incomplete”.

4.7 Sending completed survey forms. If water suppliers complete the monitoring forms using WINZ (see notes below), the completed forms can be electronically transferred to the DHB. Completed Monitoring and Audit forms can be sent by DHBs to ESR for national reporting. Select Transfer from the WINZ main menu and select the Export tab. Set the button to Annual Survey and proceed as normal. The export file can be emailed to [email protected] or put onto a floppy disk and mailed.

4.8 Can I change the answers on a completed Monitoring form? If you find an error on a Monitoring form, it is imperative that it be corrected. To change the answer you first have to un-tick the Complete box on the Monitoring - 2 tab, change the answer and then re-tick the Complete box. A word of caution. If the water supplier sends a Monitoring form in WINZ which needs to be changed, then before you change an answer you should discuss the matter with the water supplier. After the answer has been changed, you then must also complete the Audit form for the supply and finalise that record also. This will ensure that if the water supplier sends you more forms, then the one you changed will not be overwritten. It would also be good to get the water supplier to change their copy.

4.9 Do I have to complete all zone and plant forms before I send them to ESR? No, you can send in the completed forms as often as you please. Whatever is completed will be sent. The preferred practice is for you to complete some of your supplies and send them to ESR to ensure everything is working. Then, once everything is completed, send the lot.

4.10 Can I transfer forms to others within my organisation? Yes, but there are a few conditions to keep in mind. The main point is that you need to define which is the “main” copy of WINZ. This copy will be the most complete and correct. The main transfer rule is that if you have finalised Audit forms, the Monitoring and Audit forms for those will not be updated (ie overwritten) if those forms are re- imported. You want to transfer Annual Survey forms within your organisation when: - data are being captured onto a laptop and then transferred onto the “main” copy of WINZ. The Audit records can be completed and finalised either on the laptop or the main computer but it would be best if it was done on the main copy to avoid confusion. - there are two or more offices (eg Whangarei, Kerikeri and Kaitaia) in your organisation. Each of the offices should complete and finalise the Monitoring and Audit Annual Survey forms for their area. The outlying offices then transfer their forms to the main office. The main office should not complete any forms that the other offices have responsibility for.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 75 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 4.11 Printing Annual Survey forms A short form of the zone and plant questionnaires can be viewed and printed. These reports can be generated for any year’s survey and for completed and un-completed forms. The monitoring and audit questions are summarised onto one page. When the Report button is clicked on the Annual Survey workbench, you can then select one or many zones or plants from the list. To select a number of supplies, click on the first supply then hold down the Ctrl key on your keyboard. Any further supplies you click on will then be selected. These micorsurvey reports can be used by HPOs to send to water suppliers so that the water supplier can check the responses and make corrections. They can also be used to allow filing of a hard-copy of the survey if required.

5. How is the Monitoring information completed? Various possibilities exist for the completion of the Monitoring forms: • the water supplier completes the monitoring questions in WINZ (preferred option). • the water supplier completes paper questionnaires. • visit the water supplier and complete the information together. • phone the water supplier and enter the information directly into WINZ. Each of these are discussed below.

5.1 The water supplier uses WINZ to enter the monitoring information If a water supplier has the latest version of WINZ they can complete the forms for their supplies. They add the forms, answer the questions and tick that the form is complete as described above. Then they transfer them to the DHB. When the DHB imports these forms, they become part of their set of forms. If the DHB finds mistakes in the monitoring information, they can either ask the water supplier to make the corrections then resend the forms, or make the changes themselves (after discussing the matter with the water supplier). To make changes to the monitoring information, the Complete tick first needs to be removed. Changes can then be made. Then re-Complete the form. When the DHB is satisfied with the monitoring information, complete the Audit forms for these zones and plants.

5.2 The water supplier fills in paper questionnaires. Where the paper questionnaire forms are to be completed by the water supplier, the DHB prints the forms from WINZ. Once these questionnaires have been completed, the data are then entered into WINZ. This will ensure all required information has been completed. Some DHBs have in the past produced their own forms to gather the Annual Survey monitoring information from water suppliers. They have then been able to include other questions for their own purposes. Where customised forms are used, the monitoring information needs to be entered into WINZ.

5.3 Visit the water supplier. Many DHBs choose to combine the completing of the Annual Survey with an annual visit to the water supplier. With the Annual Survey now in WINZ, there are a number of ways the survey can be completed when visiting the supplier. If the water supplier has WINZ, the monitoring forms can be completed on their computer then transferred later to the DHB (see 5.1 above). You can complete the paper questionnaires. The appropriate forms need to be pre- printed from WINZ for this. Once completed, the information is transferred into WINZ (see 5.2 above).

76 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 If the DHB has WINZ available on a laptop computer, monitoring data can be entered directly while visiting the water supplier. Where the copy of WINZ on the laptop is not the main copy for the DHB, the completed forms are transferred (using the export function) to the main copy of WINZ as described in 5.1 above.

5.4 Gathering the survey information over the phone. Particularly for small and simple supplies, it may be possible to phone the water supplier to gather the survey information. The information could be entered directly into WINZ as each question is asked.

6. Help! If you have questions or problems, please contact: Andrew Ball, (03) 351-6019 [email protected] or Jacqui Ritchie (03) 351-6019 [email protected] for any matters relating to how to answer questions or about the Annual Survey in general, or Alan Ferguson, (03) 351-6019, [email protected] for anything related to the Annual Survey in WINZ.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 77 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Distribution Zone Questionnaire

Each form contains a header that contains the following information from WINZ: • Distribution Zone • Zone Code • Zone Population • District Health Board • Local Authority • Water Supplier

Monitoring 1 Supply Details The first question is to check that the contact details for the supply are correct. (the name and phone number of the contact person will default to that given in the previous year’s survey; this should be changed if no longer correct).

The next question is to check that the zone population in the Register (shown on the header section) is correct. Population (above) is correct? Yes No (Zone population should be: ……………………) If the registered population is correct, tick Yes. If this population is not correct, tick No and enter the actual population in the space provided. (Please note that a change in population here will be used to update WINZ.)

The next question is to ascertain whether there is a significant variation in the zone population. Is this a seasonal supply? No Yes (Maximum zone population: ……………………) (Population high for the following months: ………………) If the population remains fairly static throughout the year, tick No. If the zone displays significant seasonal variation in population, tick Yes and enter the maximum population in the box provided and list the months when the population varies markedly from that given in the next box. (eg. Jul-Oct)

If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 was not in place for the whole year, answer the remaining questions in Monitoring 1 for the part of the year after it was implemented.

The above instruction is included so that recognition can be given to supplies in which the monitoring was improved during 2001. For example, a supply serving 3,000 people that was taking only monthly samples until June but then began weekly sampling as required by the DWSNZ:2000 can be marked as complying with the monitoring requirements at A7 and the month (June) when the appropriate sampling frequency commenced will be entered at A12.

Free Available Chlorine Monitoring This section will not be available unless the registered population is greater than 30,000. Was FAC monitoring used for partial replacement for E. coli? No Yes

78 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 If FAC monitoring was carried out in the zone for the purposes of reducing the minimum E. coli monitoring during 2001, tick Yes otherwise tick No. If the answer is No, the following two questions will not be accessible as they are irrelevant. Did FAC monitoring frequency comply with DWS2000 (Table 3.2a)? No Yes If FAC monitoring was carried out in the zone at or greater than the minimum frequency as prescribed in Table 3.2a of the DWSNZ:2000 then tick Yes. If FAC sampling in the zone was less than the minimum prescribed in Table 3.2a, or if FAC monitoring records were inadequate, then tick No. Did FAC levels comply with DWS (FAC>=0.2, pH<8, turb.<0.5)? No Yes If FAC monitoring complied with the FAC, pH and turbidity criteria prescribed in E. coli criterion 2b of Section 3.2.2.2 in the DWSNZ:2000 then tick Yes. Otherwise tick No.

E. coli Monitoring If total coliforms or faecal coliforms were monitored instead of E. coli then substitute these results for the E. coli results for the remainder of Section A. Was any E. coli monitoring conducted? No Non-RegLab RegistLab Tick No if no E. coli (or total coliform or faecal coliform) monitoring was conducted on water in the zone during 2001. Tick the RegistLab box if the analyses were conducted by a laboratory on the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories, which are the only ones accredited to undertake drinking-water microbiological compliance testing. Tick the Non-RegLab box if the analyses were conducted by a laboratory not listed in the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories. If the answer to the above question was No or Non-regLab, then the following question will not be accessible.

Laboratory

If the RegistLab box was selected, the name of the laboratory is to be written in the space provided. Select from the drop-down list of registered laboratories if using the AnnualSurvey module of WINZ. If the water supplier used more than one laboratory to do their microbiological analyses during 2001, indicate the name of the laboratory currently used. Please note that some laboratories on this list are not registered for microbiological tests; a tick will appear to the left of the box for those that are registered for microbiological analyses.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 79 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Number of monitoring E. coli samples taken (………)

Insert the total number of zone samples monitored during 2001 for E. coli (or total coliforms or faecal coliforms) here. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2001 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Otherwise, these data will need to be entered manually. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.

Did E. coli monitoring comply for: Number Yes No Days of week Yes No Interval Yes No

The answers to these question are dependent on the zone population and the number and frequency of monitoring samples taken during the year (as per Tables 3.2a and 3.2b in the DWSNZ:2000). If you are entering the data electronically, the minimum number of samples and days of the week (DoW) on which sampling must occur, and the maximum interval between successive monitoring samples required for compliance is indicated to the left of the box for the answer to the previous question.

Number of E. coli transgressions (………….)

Enter the number of samples that contained E. coli (or total coliforms or faecal coliforms - if used in place of E. coli) in the space provided. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2001 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme. Monitoring 2 Corrective Actions Were immediate corrective actions taken following all transgressions? Yes – Always immediate corrective action Delayed – No corrective action or was delayed Unknown – Information not recorded

If a sample transgresses the DWSNZ:2000 (ie. contains E. coli (or total coliforms or faecal coliforms - if used in place of E. coli), then the procedure outlined in Section 3.4.1.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 should be carried out by the water supplier. Tick Yes if this procedure has been carried out correctly and in a timely manner after each and every transgression. Tick Delayed if remedial corrective action was delayed or not carried out in accordance with Fig. 3.3. Tick Unknown if you cannot determine from water supplier records what or when corrective action was carried out, or there are no records to verify the detail of the corrective action.

Were all remedial corrective actions successful? Yes No or not documented

Tick Yes if the cause of the transgression was determined and resolved then the remedial corrective action is considered to be successful.

80 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Tick No or not documented if the cause of the transgression was not determined and resolved, or not documented. Were any “Boil Water” notices issued for this zone? No Yes – issued for part of year Yes – notice issued for all of year

Tick No if there were no boil water notices issued during 2001.

If there were any “Boil Water” notices issued for this zone in 2001, indicate whether they were temporary or permanently applied during 2001.

Supply closure If the distribution zone ceased to be used as a community supply during 2001, then the zone needs to be deactivated. This is done by ticking the Supply is now closed box at the bottom of the screen and entering the date at which the supply was closed. This information will be transferred to WINZ and will serve as official notification by the water supplier of supply closure if this has not otherwise been notified. This question does not appear on the paper questionnaire. Monitoring notes The “Monitoring notes” box is to allow the water supplier to add any notes that may relate to the monitoring of the distribution zone. If E. coli testing was carried out by a non-registered laboratory, a prompt will be given to insert the name of the laboratory in the “Monitoring notes” field. Information is complete The “Information is complete” box is to be ticked by the water supplier upon completion of the monitoring screens. Failure to tick this box will mean that the information for this zone will not be passed on to the health authority and will appear as missing data in the survey. If an error or omission is detected after the “Information is complete” box has been ticked and the data has been sent to the health authority, it is very important to contact the HPO so they can release the equivalent part of the Audit screen. Failure to do this will result in the corrections that have been made being ignored.

Audit This section is entitled “Audit” and is only accessible to HPOs and not to water suppliers. Monitoring Compliance Monitoring complies with DWS? Yes, for the entire year Yes, after ………... (month) when the sampling frequency complied with the requirements of DWSNZ:2000 No

If both sampling and results in the distribution zone complied with the DWSNZ:2000 select Yes. If compliance monitoring was not carried out at the appropriate frequency or times for the first part of 2001 but the appropriate level of compliance monitoring was carried out after a certain date, after which both sampling and results in the distribution zone complied with the DWSNZ:2000 select From and select the first full month in which monitoring fully complied with the DWSNZ:2000. If compliance monitoring was not carried out at all during 2001 or at the appropriate frequency, select No. The answer to this question is normally calculated from the previous questions; in particular, the zone population, the frequency and results of E. coli monitoring and, if undertaken, the conduct of any corrective actions carried out. However, this question is included to give the HPO some discretion. For example, in a supply serving 3,000 people where a weekly E. coli sample is required (i.e. 52 samples / year), if only 51 samples were collected in 2001 then the monitoring frequency is

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 81 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 deemed inadequate. (Indeed, WINZ will score this zone as non-compliant). However, if you, as HPO, determine that there were extenuating circumstances why the other sample was not taken, (e.g. the final sample of the year was broken in transit to the laboratory) this question gives you the discretion to tick the zone as compliant. However, please use your discretion sparingly (and note your reasons for doing so in the surveillance notes field of the AnnualSurvey module of WINZ). Failure to collect enough samples should normally result in non-compliance. For example, if the same zone missed a weekly sample earlier in the year, the water supplier could (and should) have taken an extra sample soon afterwards; failure to notice that one was missing implies that the water supplier’s quality system is deficient. There is also a temptation to blame the occasional poor result on sampling error. This should not be accepted as an excuse as it is virtually impossible to demonstrate and in addition, a sampler who can contaminate the sample indicates poor training.

DHB Surveillance Conducted This question is to ascertain the type and amount of surveillance carried out by HPOs during the year. Was DHB surveillance sampling or audit conducted through the year? Yes No

If surveillance was carried out in the zone by or on behalf of the PHSP during 2001 (i.e. by taking surveillance samples or auditing, but not including this survey), select Yes. Otherwise, select No. If this answer was Yes, at least one of the following types of surveillance must have been carried out. Free Available Chlorine – Number of Tests …….. Number of FAC tests transgressed …….. E. coli – Number of Tests …….. Number of EC tests transgressed …….. Conducted site inspection of distribution zone and/or audited zone records Information about the number of FAC / E. coli tests and the number of transgressions will be in WINZ provided results have been entered for the 2001 calendar year. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. However, check that you have completed all four compliance quarters or you may get incorrect information. The data in these fields can be overwritten if amendments are required.

If a site inspection of the zone and/or audit of zone monitoring records was carried out by an HPO during 2001, tick the box.

If the distribution zone ceased to be used as a community supply during 2001, then the zone needs to be deactivated. This is done by ticking the Supply is closed box at the bottom of the screen and entering the date at which the supply was closed. This information will be transferred to WINZ and will serve as official notification by the water supplier of supply closure if this has not otherwise been notified. Surveillance notes The “Surveillance notes” box is to allow the HPO to add any notes that may relate to the distribution zone. Information is complete The “Information is complete” box is to be ticked by the HPO upon completion of the audit screen. Failure to tick this box will mean that the information for this zone will not be passed on to ESR and will appear as missing data in the survey. If an error or omission is detected after the “Information is complete” box has been ticked and the data has been sent to ESR, it is very important to contact Andrew Ball or Jacqui Ritchie so they can release the equivalent part of the National screen. Failure to do this will result in the corrections that have been made being ignored.

82 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Treatment Plant Questionnaire Each form contains a header that contains the following information from WINZ: • Plant Code • Plant Name • Population • District Health Board • Local Authority • Water Supplier • Disinfection (as in DW Reg) • P2 Count Monitoring 1

Introduction Disinfection (above) is correct? Yes No disinfection in this supply should be corrected to: ……………..

The type of disinfection treatment as registered in WINZ is shown in the header. If this was correct at the end of 2001, select Yes; otherwise select No and select the correct disinfection from the drop- down menu in the supplementary question box. From which month did DWSNZ:2000 compliance monitoring begin? This question is asking about the compliance monitoring programme that the water supplier needs to demonstrate microbiological compliance with the DWSNZ:2000. By compliance monitoring we mean a testing programme that intends to demonstrate compliance (i.e. the water supplier considered that the sampling programme was adequate and enough samples tested for faecal coliforms, FAC to satisfy the sampling requirements of the DWSNZ:2000) and not just a token number of samples that does not attempt to take the sampling frequency requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 into account. The responses to this question are given in the drop-down menu box. Select Not if there was no monitoring or that the monitoring programme was obviously inadequate to demonstrate compliance during 2001. Select Jan if the water supplier has conducted compliance monitoring throughout 2001. Otherwise, select the first full month in which appropriate compliance monitoring was carried out in 2001 #.

# If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 was not in place for the whole year, answer the remaining questions in Monitoring 1 and Monitoring 2 for the part of the year after it was implemented. The above instruction is included because we do not wish to discourage water suppliers by failing those who have initiated a compliance monitoring programme during the year. So where, for example, a treatment plant began the year with an inadequate frequency of samples but say in July the water supplier increased sampling frequency to at least that specified in the DWSNZ:2000, then treat the plant as complying with respect to frequency for the monitoring section. Please note that this concession is not to be applied to the results of monitoring (i.e. if E. coli are detected or the concentration of FAC is too low in the early part of the year, the plant does not comply).

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 83 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 E. coli Compliance Was there an attempt to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ? Yes FAC Yes - with continuous FAC Yes EC Yes - using E. coli monitoring No No or insufficient monitoring

Indicate how the treatment plant was monitored to demonstrate compliance. Continuous FAC (cFAC) measurement is normally an option only in large treatment plants, so if the cFAC option is marked for a small community, please check that it does use cFAC. Continuous FAC monitoring is exactly that – continuous. Hourly or daily samples are not enough. In the rare event that both cFAC and E. coli monitoring are both conducted, please select the cFAC option only (the E. coli details will be picked up later in the questionnaire). If samples were tested but there was an obvious deficiency in the monitoring frequency, select No. If no monitoring was carried out in 2001, select No.

If cFAC measurement was used wholly or in part to demonstrate compliance, the following question must be answered. Continuous FAC monitoring complied with DWSNZ requirements? Yes No

This will require a detailed appraisal of the FAC records by the water supplier/HPO. Select Yes if FAC is monitored continuously and it complies with the conditions prescribed in the DWSNZ (ie. FAC >= 0.2 mg/L; pH < 8, turbidity < 0.5 NTU; contact time >=30 min; down time less than 1 hour/week). Select No if the prescribed conditions were not met of if records are inadequate.

The next part of the questionnaire deals with the E. coli monitoring of water leaving the treatment plant during 2001. If faecal coliforms or total coliforms were monitored instead of E. coli then substitute the faecal coliforms or total coliform results for the E. coli results for the remainder of Monitoring 1. (If both are available, use faecal coliforms in preference to total coliforms.) E. coli was monitored? RegistLab Name of approved laboratory used: …………………… Non-RegLab No

Select No if no E. coli (or faecal or total coliform) monitoring was conducted on water leaving the treatment plant during 2001. Select Non-RegLab if the analyses were conducted by a laboratory not listed in the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories. Select RegistLab if the analyses were conducted by a laboratory listed in the Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories, which are the only ones accredited to undertake drinking- water microbiological compliance testing. The name of the laboratory is to be written in the space provided. Select from the drop-down list of registered laboratories if using the AnnualSurvey module of WINZ or the appended excerpt from the latest Ministry of Health Register of Water Testing Laboratories if you are using the paper questionnaire. If the water supplier used more than one laboratory to do their microbiological analyses during 2001, indicate the name of the laboratory currently used. Please note that some laboratories on this list are not registered for microbiological tests; a tick will appear to the left of the box for those that are registered for microbiological analyses.

84 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Number of E. coli monitoring samples taken: (…………..)

Insert the number of treatment plant samples monitored for E. coli (or total or faecal coliforms – if used in place of E. coli) in the box. This information will be in WINZ provided that all results have been entered for the 2001 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if the data is entered electronically, this value should appear automatically. Otherwise these data will need to be entered manually. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.

How many monitoring samples contained E. coli ? ( …………)

Insert the number of treatment plant samples monitored for E. coli (or total or faecal coliforms) here. This information will be in WINZ provided all results have been entered for the 2001 calendar year and all four compliance quarters have been completed. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. Otherwise these data will need to be entered manually. Do not count any repeat samples taken during a corrective action process following a transgression as these are part of an ‘event’ and are not considered part of the compliance monitoring programme.

Water Source(s). Source(s) entirely groundwater? Yes No

The supplies, as presently registered and in WINZ, can be viewed by clicking on the “View” button.

Select Yes if all of the water comes from a bore or well. Select No if some or all of the water comes from roof water or surface water (i.e. stream, river, lake, reservoir or spring). All sources secure groundwater? Yes – and have records NoRec – no records to verify No – not all sources secure GW

Select Yes if the entire water supply comes from a secure groundwater source as defined in Section 3.2.4 of the DWSNZ:2000. Select NoRec if the water supplier considers the groundwater to be secure but cannot demonstrate it. Select No if the groundwater is not considered to be secure by the water supplier.

Groundwater security demonstrated by: E. coli was absent from groundwater Well head secure No variation in conductivity, chloride or NO3 99.995% of water in aquifer for over 12 months

Tick the first option if the supply has been tested for E. coli (or total or faecal coliforms - if used in place of E. coli) on at least 12 occasions on a regular basis for at least the previous 12 months with negative results for all samples. The presence of faecal indicator bacteria in the groundwater means it is not a secure supply. Once the above testing has demonstrated the absence of faecal indicator bacteria over a 12-month period, monitoring can be reduced to once per quarter. However, the first option should not be marked if the water supplier fails to maintain the minimum sampling frequency or if faecal indicator bacteria are detected in the supply within the past 12 months.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 85 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Tick the second option if the well head is secure. The measures needed to demonstrate a secure well head are defined on page 26 of the DWSNZ:2000 as: • a sealed pumping and piping system including backflow prevention devices • restrictions on any potentially contaminating land use or activity in the vicinity of the well head. Tick the third option if variations in characteristics do not exceed a coefficient of variation of more than: • 3.0% in conductivity • 4.0% in chloride concentration • 2.5% in nitrate concentration (standardised variance) when measured at least 12 times at regular intervals over 12 – 36 months. Tick the fourth option if less than 0.005% of the water has been present in the aquifer for less than one year (demonstrated by the tritium and/or CFC methods.

Monitoring 2

Protozoa Treatment The next part of the questionnaire deals with the method of water treatment to remove or kill Cryptosporidium and other protozoan parasites.

How was water treated for protozoa? All sources are secure groundwater Membrane or cartridge filtration (pore size µm): ………..(absolute / nominal) ………… Slow sand or DE filtration Coagulation + filtration (to <0.5 NTU) Ozone disinfection Chlorine dioxide disinfection Ultra violet (UV) No treatment for Cryptosporidium

This question is asking how the water is treated for protozoa. Tick the first option only if the water supply is demonstrated to have been secure in 2001. Do not tick this option if the water supplier considers it to be secure but cannot demonstrate its security according to the DWSNZ:2000. Tick the second choice if a membrane or cartridge filter has been fitted to the supply throughout 2001. Specify the pore size of the filter in the space provided and signify whether the pore size quoted is absolute or nominal or unknown. Tick the third option if the water is treated using either slow sand filtration or diatomaceous earth filtration. Please note that slow sand filtration uses a shallow filter with no filter nozzles and incorporates a biologically active slime layer called a schmutzdecke to filter water at a rate of about 0.2 m/hr (cf. 5-15 m/hr for rapid sand filters); very few exist in New Zealand. Tick the fourth option for plants that use a combination of coagulation (flocculation) and filtration. Tick the fifth option if the water is treated with ozone to kill Cryptosporidium. Tick the sixth option if the water is treated with chlorine dioxide to kill Cryptosporidium. Tick the seventh option if the water is treated with UV. Tick the eighth option (no treatment) if none of the above methods of Cryptosporidium treatment were used during 2001.

86 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Protozoa Compliance Treatment complied with DWS2000? Yes - Complied for the whole year PartYear - Complied for part of the year (Compliance started which month): ……… Only1995 - Complied DWS1995 but not DWS2000 No - Comply neither DWS2000 nor DWS1995

This question asks the Cryptosporidium compliance status of the treatment plant during 2001. To answer this question you will need to take account of the options marked for question about protozoa treatment above. The protozoa compliance criterion was met if: • the water was extracted from a verified secure groundwater source; • water that was treated using membrane, cartridge, slow sand or diatomaceous earth filtration could demonstrate that at least 99.99% of particles of 3–15 µm were removed by the process (refer to Section 3.2.3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000 for details); • water that was treated using coagulation (flocculation) and filtration and the water leaving the treatment plant was adequately monitored for turbidity (see Table 3.4 of the DWSNZ:2000) and that the plant did not exceed the turbidity specifications defined in 3.2.3.1 of the DWSNZ:2000. It will not comply if the turbidity was not adequately monitored or if turbidity ever exceeded 1.0 NTU or if it exceeded 0.5 NTU for more than 5% or more of the time or if sudden increases of more than 0.2 NTU occurred during any ten minute period; • water treated using ozone had a C.t value of equal or greater than that prescribed in Chapter 13 of the DWSNZ:2000; • water treated using chlorine dioxide had a C.t value of equal or greater than that prescribed in Chapter 13 of the DWSNZ:2000. Tick Yes if any of the above five protozoa compliance criteria were achieved for the whole of 2001. Tick PartYear if any of the above five protozoa compliance criteria were achieved after some point in 2001, and indicate the month after which the present treatment was instigated. If the protozoa treatment did not comply with the requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 then select either No or Only1995, depending on whether or not the treatment plant complied with the now out of date requirements of the DWSNZ:1995. The compliance requirements for the DWSNZ:1995 are listed below: • the water was extracted from a verified secure groundwater source; • water was passed through a membrane or cartridge filter with pore size of not more than 5 µm absolute or 1 µm nominal; • water was treated using either slow sand filtration or diatomaceous earth filtration and it can be demonstrated that at least 99.99% of particles of 3–15 µm were removed by the process; • water was treated using coagulation (flocculation) and filtration and the water leaving the treatment plant was adequately monitored for turbidity (see Table 3.4 of the DWSNZ:1995) and that the plant did not exceed the turbidity specifications defined in 3.3.3.1(b) of the DWSNZ:1995. It will not comply if the turbidity was not adequately monitored or if it exceeded 0.5 NTU for 5% or more of the time or if sudden increases of more than 0.2 NTU occurred during any ten minute period; • water was treated using ozone with a C.t value of equal or greater than that prescribed in Table 12.8 of the DWSNZ:1995; • water was treated using chlorine dioxide with a C.t value of equal or greater than that prescribed in Table 12.8 of the DWSNZ:1995. Select Yes if the supply was taken solely from a verified secure groundwater supply. Select Only1995 if any of the above Cryptosporidium compliance criteria were achieved for the whole of 2001.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 87 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Select No if the treatment plant did not comply with the Cryptosporidium removal criteria. Supply closure If the treatment plant ceased to be used for a community supply during 2001, then the plant needs to be deactivated. This is done by ticking the Plant is now closed box at the bottom of the screen and entering the date at which the supply was closed. This information will be transferred to WINZ and will serve as official notification by the water supplier of supply closure if this has not otherwise been notified. Monitoring notes The “Monitoring Notes” box is to allow the water supplier to add any notes that may relate to the treatment plant. Various prompts will appear in the “Monitoring Notes” box in response to ticking some of the protozoa treatment options. For example: • When membrane, cartridge or bag filtration is ticked, a prompt will be given for: - Membrane/Cartridge/Bag (delete two); - Brand; - Model; - Filter complies (DWS p 24) (Y/N). • When slow sand or diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration is ticked, a prompt will be given for: - SlowSand / DE (delete one); - Filter complies (DWS p24) (Y/N). • When UV is ticked, prompts will be given for: - Brand; - Model; - Tube cleaning frequency; - Tube replacement frequency; - System has failure alarm (Y/N). Information is complete The “Information is complete” box is to be ticked by the water supplier upon completion of the audit screen. Failure to tick this box will mean that the information for this zone will not be passed on to ESR and will appear as missing data in the survey. If an error or omission is detected after the “Information is complete” box has been ticked and the data has been sent to the health authority, it is very important to contact the HPO so they can release the equivalent part of the Audit screen. Failure to do this will result in the corrections that have been made being ignored.

Audit

Monitoring Compliance If the microbiological monitoring programme to demonstrate compliance with the DWSNZ:2000 was not in place for the whole year, answer the Monitoring Compliance question for the part of the year after it was implemented.

88 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

E. coli – full compliance?

Tick the box if both sampling and results in the treatment plant complied with the DWSNZ:2000. If compliance monitoring at the plant was not carried out at all during 2001 or at the appropriate frequency, do not tick the box. The answer to this question is normally calculated from the previous questions; in particular, the population supplied, the adequacy of cFAC monitoring (if used), the frequency and results of E. coli monitoring and the adequacy of protozoa treatment. However, this question is included to give the HPO some discretion. For example, in a supply serving 3,000 people where a weekly E. coli sample is required (i.e. 52 samples / year), if only 51 samples were collected during 2001 then the monitoring frequency is deemed inadequate. (Indeed, WINZ will tick this plant as non-compliant). However, if you, as HPO, determine that there were extenuating circumstances why the other sample was not taken, (e.g. the final sample of the year was broken in transit to the laboratory) this question gives you the discretion to tick the plant as compliant. However, please use your discretion sparingly (and note your reasons for doing so in the Audit Notes field). Failure to collect enough samples should normally result in non-compliance. For example, if the same plant missed a weekly sample earlier in the year, the water supplier could (and should) have taken an extra sample soon afterwards; failure to notice that one was missing implies that the water supplier’s quality system is deficient. There is also a temptation to blame the occasional poor result on sampling error. This should not be accepted as an excuse as it is virtually impossible to demonstrate and in addition, a sampler who can contaminate the sample indicates poor training. Protozoa – full compliance

Tick the box if surveillance was carried out in the zone by or on behalf of the DHB during 2001 (i.e. by taking surveillance samples or auditing, but not including this survey.

Did not comply with DWS2000

Tick this box if neither of the above two boxes could be ticked (ie. the treatment plant complied with neither the E. coli nor the protozoa compliance criteria as prescribed in the DWSNZ:2000.

But protozoa complied with the DWS1995

Tick this box if the treatment plant did not comply with the DWSNZ:2000 protozoa criteria but did comply with the old compliance criteria as prescribed in the DWSNZ:1995.

DHB Surveillance / Audit of Treatment Plant This question is ascertain the type and amount of surveillance carried out by HPOs during the year. Was DHB surveillance sampling or audit conducted through the year? Yes No

If surveillance was carried out in the zone by or on behalf of the PHSP during 2001 (i.e. by taking surveillance samples or auditing, but not including this survey), select Yes. Otherwise, select No. If this answer was Yes, at least one of the following types of surveillance must have been carried out. FAC – Number of surveillance samples …….. Number of samples <0.2mg/L …….. E. coli – Number of surveillance samples …….. Number of E. coli transgressions …….. Turbidity – Number of surveillance samples …….. Number of samples >0.5 NTU …….. Conducted site inspection of treatment plant and/or audited treatment plant records Information about the number of FAC / E. coli tests and the number of transgressions will be in WINZ provided results have been entered for the 2001 calendar year. In this case, if you are entering the data electronically, this value should appear automatically. However, check that you have completed all four compliance quarters or you may get incorrect information. The data in these fields can be overwritten if amendments are required.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 89 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Information about any turbidity testing that was carried out as part of a surveillance programme will not be stored in WINZ; any such data will need to be entered manually.

If a site inspection of the zone and/or audit of zone monitoring records was carried out by an HPO during 2001, tick the box.

Audit notes The “Audit notes” box is to allow the HPO to add any notes that may relate to the treatment plant. Information is complete The “Information is complete” box is to be ticked by the HPO upon completion of the audit screen. Failure to tick this box will mean that the information for this zone will not be passed on to ESR and will appear as missing data in the survey. If an error or omission is detected after the “Information is complete” box has been ticked and the data has been sent to ESR, it is very important to contact Andrew Ball or Jacqui Ritchie so they can release the equivalent part of the National screen. Failure to do this will result in the corrections that have been made being ignored.

90 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 4: Distribution zone monitoring and surveillance

The following information is shown on the tables in Appendix 4. The drinking-water distribution zones are grouped into health districts and local authorities as listed on the following page. The zones are displayed in alphabetical order within each of the local authorities. Explanations of the information contained in Appendix 4 are given below.

Distribution zone Name of the drinking-water distribution zone as it appears in the Register. * denotes a name change since 2000.

Zone Code The unique code given to each drinking-water distribution zone, also used on the Register of Community Drinking-Water Supplies in New Zealand (the Register).

Zone population (Pop.) Estimated number of people supplied by the zone. Numbers in brackets indicate estimated seasonal populations. Missing values or 0 indicate that the population has not been entered into WINZ.

Compliance Compliance with the microbiological requirements of the DWSNZ:2000 or a code for the reason for non-compliance, as described below: Complied Zone complied during 2001. E E. coli were detected in more than the minimum allowable monitoring samples (but did comply with the DWSNZ:1995). E(F) E. coli were detected in more than 2% of monitoring samples (ie failed to comply with the DWSNZ:1995). A Corrective action was either not carried out, was inappropriate or was not able to be determined following a transgression. I Inadequate sampling: the zone was not monitored sufficiently to comply with the DWSNZ:2000. (f) Inadequate number of monitoring samples (did not comply with DWSNZ:2000 or DWSNZ:1995). (d) Monitoring samples were not taken on sufficient days-of-the-week to comply with the DWSNZ:2000 (but did comply with the DWSNZ:1995). (i) The maximum interval between successive monitoring samples was too large to comply with the DWSNZ:2000 (but did comply with the DWSNZ:1995). L Analysis was conducted by a laboratory that was not approved for compliance testing by the Ministry of Health.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 91 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 N Water from the zone was not monitored for E. coli at all during 2001. N(!) Monitoring details not provided by water supplier; assumed no monitoring. N(?) Unable to contact water supplier; assumed no monitoring.

Surveillance Whether or not surveillance was conducted by the DHB during 2001. If so, how the surveillance was conducted: E. coli analysis (E.coli test) or audit of water supplier’s records (audit). Audit audit only of the water supplier’s records by the DHB. FAC test free available chlorine analysis of drinking-water by the DHB. FAC fail DHB testing found FAC concentration to be below the minimum required level. E.coli test DHB sampling of drinking-water for E. coli analysis (and no E. coli detected). E.coli fail DHB sampling of drinking-water for E. coli analysis (and E. coli detected).

Water supplier The authority responsible for the drinking-water supply as listed in the Register. No entry in this column indicates that the water supplier has not been specified in WINZ.

Zone grade The drinking-water distribution zone grading as listed in Water Information New Zealand (WINZ) as at the end of 2001. Zones that have been regraded since December 2001 but before this report goes to press also show the present grade in brackets. No entry in this column indicated that the zone has not been graded and/or the grade has not been entered into WINZ.

92 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Northland

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Far North District Ahipara School AHI001SC 70 N E.coli fail School BoT Awanui School AWA008SC 80 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Awarua School AWA009SC 50 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Bay of Islands Country Lodge BAY002BA 30 N No surveillance Bay of Is. Country Lodge Bay of Islands Holiday Park BAY003BA 500 (500 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Bay of Islands Hol. Park Broadwood Area School BRO007SC 200 From Sep E.coli test School BoT Coopers Beach Motel COO001CO 30 N No surveillance Motel Driftwood Lodge DRI001DR 20 (20 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Driftwood Lodge Gateway North Motor Lodge GAT001GA 30 I(fdi) No surveillance Haruru Falls PAI001HA 1,000 From Jun FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Haruru Falls Resort HAR004HA 200 (200 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Haruru Falls Resort Herekino School HER002SC 50 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Hideaway Lodge Motor Camp HID001HI 150 N No surveillance Motor Camp Hihi Motor Camp HIH001HI 40 (200 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Motor Camp Horeke School HOR003SC 35 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Kaeo KAE001KA 72 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority e Kaeo Hospital KAE002KA 40 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Kaeo Hospital Kaeo Primary School WHA026KP 100 N No surveillance School BoT Kaikohe KAI006KA 4,000 From Jul FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Kaingaroa School KAI027SC 200 N E.coli test School BoT Kaitaia KAI008KA 5,000 From Jun FAC test Local Authority e Karetu School KAR007SC 55 N No surveillance School BoT Karikari Bay Motor Camp KAR002KB 90 (90 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Karikari Bay Motor Camp Kawakawa KAW002KA 1,500 From Jun FAC test Local Authority d Kerikeri KER001KE 2,500 From Jul FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Kingfish Lodge, Whangaroa KIN006KI 50 (50 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Kohukohu School KOH002SC 60 I(fi) E.coli test School BoT Korou Kore Marae KOR002MA 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Kura o Hato Hohepa Te Kamura KUR005KU 34 N E.coli fail School BoT Mahuhukiterangi Marae MAH010MA 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Mahuri Marae MAH011MA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Maimaru Marae MAI005MA 80 N E.coli fail Maimaru Marae Committee Mangaiti Marae MAN030MA 60 N E.coli test Mangaiti Marae Cttee. Mangamuka Marae MAN036MA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Mangamuka Marae Cttee Mangamuka School MAN024SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Mangataipa Marae MAN031MA 80 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Mangonui Commercial Area MAN028MA 50 N E.coli test Mangonui School MAN005SC 160 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Mangonui, Cooper's Beach MAN005MA 1,200 N E.coli test Doubtless Bay Wat.Sup.Co e Maromaku School MAR012SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Matai Bay Motor Camp MAT008MB 200 (200 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance DOC Mataiaranui Marae MAT038MA 80 N E.coli test Marae Committee Mataitaua Marae MAT035MA 30 N E.coli test Marae Committee Matauri Bay Motor Camp MAT014MA 30 N No surveillance Motor Camp Matauri Bay Primary School MAT032SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Matawaia School MAT024SC 25 N No surveillance School BoT Matihetihe Marae MAT031MA 60 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Matihetihe School MAT023SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Moehau Marae MOE003MA 40 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Moerewa / Otiria KAW002MO 2,000 From Jun FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Mokonuiarangi Marae MOK006MO 60 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Morehu Marae MOR003MA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Moria Marae MOR002MA 80 N E.coli test Moria Marae Cttee. Motatau School MOT011SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Motuti Marae MOT023MO 60 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 93 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Ngai Otonga Marae NGA016MA 90 N E.coli test Ngati Wai Marae Cttee. Ngaiotonga School NGA013SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Ngaitupoto Marae NGA027MA 75 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Ngataki School NGA012SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Ngatimanawa Marae NGA026MA 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Ngawha Springs KAI006NG 200 From Oct FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Ohaeawai School OHA010OH 125 N No surveillance School BoT Okaihau OKA003OK 500 From Jul FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority e Omanaia OMA003OM 60 N No surveillance Local Authority e Omanaia Marae OMA003MA 80 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli fail Local Authority Omanaia School OMA003SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Omapere OMA002OM 500 E(F)I(f) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Opua PAI001OP 1,000 From Jun FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Orauta School ORA004SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Oromahoe School ORO005SC 95 N E.coli fail School BoT Orongo Bay Motor Camp ORO006OR 150 (150 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Motor Camp Oruaiti School ORU001SC 85 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Otatara Marae OTA016MA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Otaua Marae OTA014MA 85 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Oturu School OTU004SC 95 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Pa Te Aroha PAT011PA 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Pagoda Lodge PAG001PA 250 N FAC/E.coli test Paihia PAI001PA 2,000 From Jun FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Pakanae PAK003PA 160 N No surveillance Pakanae Water Board Pakanae Marae PAK012PA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Pakaraka School PAK005PS 70 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority Pakaraka,Cottages In The Woods PAK004PA 50 N No surveillance Cottages In The Woods Pamapuria School PAM001SC 180 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Paparore School PAP006SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Parahaki Marae PAR012MA 90 N E.coli test Marae Committee Parapara Marae PAR013MA 60 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Peria School PER001SC 95 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Piki Te Aroha Marae PIK001PI 80 I(fdi) E.coli fail Marae Committee Pukenui Motor Camp PUK006PU 90 (90 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Pukenui Motor Camp Pukenui School PUK016SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Pukepoto School PUK015SC 130 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Puketawa Marae PUK024PU 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Rarawa Motor Camp RAR002RA 250 (250 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Rawene RAW001RA 500 From Jul FAC test Local Authority d Rawhiti Motor Camp RAW002RM 60 N (?) No surveillance Rawhiti Motor Camp Roma Marae ROM001MA 85 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Russell Bowling Club RUS003RU 250 N No surveillance Russell Lodge RUS002RU 100 N No surveillance Russell School RUS005SC 130 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Russell Township-Commercial RUS004RU 500 (500 in Dec-Feb) N (?) No surveillance Hol. Park & FNDC Spirits Bay Motor Camp SPI001SB 500 (500 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance DOC Tahaawai Marae TAH007MA 50 N E.coli test Marae Committee Taio Marae TAI013MA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Taipa Area School TAI008SC 480 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Taipa Camping Ground TAI007TA 80 N No surveillance Camping Ground Taipa Resort TAI006TA 50 (200 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Taipa Resort Taipa Sands Motel TAI003TA 50 (50 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Tapotupotu Motor Camp TAP002TM 90 (90 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance DOC Taupo Bay Camping Ground TAU016TA 300 (300 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Taupo Bay Camping Ground Tauranga Bay Motor Camp TAU014TA 20 (650 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Motor Camp Tauteihiihi Marae TAU024MA 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Tautoro School TAU008TA 40 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Te Hapua School TEH007SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Te Huruhi Marae TEH009MA 30 N No surveillance Marae Committee Te Kao TEK006TE 300 From Jun FAC test Local Authority e

94 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Te Karae Marae TEK022TE 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Te Kotahitanga Marae TEK014MA 80 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Te Kura O Hata Maria TEK010SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Te Kura O Rangiawhia TEK013SC 60 N E.coli fail School BoT Te Kura O Te Rangi Aniwaniwa TEK012SC 95 N E.coli fail School BoT Te Kura Taumata O Panguru TEK011SC 170 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Te Paatu Marae TEP012MA 50 N E.coli fail Te Paatu Marae Committee Te Paraki Kohunga Reo TEP011SC 30 N E.coli test Kohunga Reo Trustees Te Rangatahi Marae TER007TE 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Te Rarawa Marae TER005MA 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Te Reo Mihi Marae TER004MA 30 N E.coli fail Te Reo Mihi Marae Cttee Te Tii School TET002SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Te Tuhono Marae TET003MA 30 I(fdi) E.coli test Te Tuhono Marae Te Whaka Mahara Tanga TEW005MA 90 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Cttee. Te Whiringa O Te Muka Tangata TEW006MA 30 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee The Bluff Camping Ground THE001TB 90 (90 in Jan) N No surveillance The Bluff Camping Ground Tominiana Marae TOM002MA 50 N E.coli fail Tominiana Marae Cttee. Totara North School TOT003SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Towai School TOW001SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Tuhirangi Marae TUH001TU 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Umawera School UMA001SC 42 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Urupukapuka & Cable Bay Camps URU003CA 150 (150 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance DOC Waiharara School WAI094SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Waihou Marae WAI153MA 90 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Waikaraka Marae WAI123MA 50 N E.coli fail Waikaraka Marae Cttee. Waikare School WAI093SC 50 N No surveillance School BoT Waima School WAI063SC 80 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Waimahae Marae WAI130MA 40 N E.coli test Marae Committee Waimamaku WAI046WA 80 N No surveillance Waimamakau Water Board Waiomio School WAI092SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Waipapa WAI045WA 150 N E.coli test Peter Locke Waiparera Marae WAI148MA 50 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Waipoua HQ and Camp Ground WAI136WA 80 I(fdi) No surveillance DOC Waipuna Marae WAI154MA 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Waitangi Resort Hotel WAI050WR 450 From Oct FAC fail/E.coli test Waitangi Resort Hotel Waiwhatawhata Marae WAI157WA 80 I(fdi) E.coli test Marae Committee Whangaroa College WHA026SC 225 I(fi) E.coli test School BoT Whangaroa Retreat WHA027WH 50 (50 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Whangaroa Retreat Zane Grey Restaurant & Accomm. ZAN001ZA 500 (500 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Zane Grey Restaurant

Kaipara District Ahikiwi Marae AHI003MA 80 N E.coli fail Ahikini Marae Cttee. Aranga Beach ARA004AB 50 N No surveillance Local Authority Aranga School ARA006SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Arapohue School ARA007SC 104 N E.coli test School BoT Baylys Beach DAR002BB 700 Complied (di) FAC test Local Authority b Bryderwyn Maungatoroto BRY001BM 75 N No surveillance Local Authority e Dargaville Town DAR002DT 4,500 Complied (di) FAC test Local Authority b Glinks Gully GLI001GL 50 Complied (d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority e Kai Iwi Lakes Camping Ground KAI014KI 80 (300 in Jan) E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority Kaihu School KAI028SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Kaihu-Dargaville KAI007KD 324 N No surveillance Local Authority e Kaiwaka KAI011KA 50 N No surveillance Local Authority Kaiwaka School KAI029SC 170 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Kauri Coast Motor Camp KAU002KC 50 (400 in Dec-Jan) N Audit Kauri Coast Motor Camp Mangawhai Beach School MAN025SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Mangawhai Heads MAN003MA 200 Complied (d) FAC test Local Authority e Mangawhai Hideaway Camp MAN037MA 40 (80 in Jan-Feb) I(fdi)L No surveillance Ground Mangawhai Village Camp Ground MAN020MA 40 (80 in Jan) N No surveillance

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 95 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Matakohe Camping Ground MAT037MA 40 (80 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Matakohe School MAT025SC 75 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Matatina Marae MAT029MA 60 N E.coli test Matatina Marae Cttee. Maungaturoto MAU001MA 900 Complied (di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Moir's Point Christian Camp MOI001MO 90 N No surveillance Camp Trust Board Ngatai Whakarongorua NGA019MA 40 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Oakridge Camp OAK003OA 70 N No surveillance YWAM, Oakridge Trust Oruawharo School ORU002SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Otamatea Marae OTA015MA 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Oturei Marae OTU005MA 80 N E.coli test Marae Committee Pahi Motor Camp PAH005PA 40 (80 in Jan) N E.coli test Pahi Domain Board Pahinui Marae PAH004MA 30 N E.coli test Pahinui Marae Cttee. Paparoa School PAP005SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Pouto School POU002SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Pukearunga Kohanga Reo PUK009PU 35 N No surveillance Kohanga Reo Railway Maungaturoto MAU001RM 80 Complied (d) FAC test Local Authority b Rehutai Road, Rehutai REH001RE 76 N No surveillance Rehutai Road Community Ripia Marae RIP001MA 30 N E.coli test Ripia Marae River Motor Camp, Mangawhai RIV012RI 40 (80 in Jan) N E.coli test Camp Owner Ruawai RUA001RU 600 Complied (d) FAC test Local Authority d Taipuha School TAI010SC 20 N E.coli fail School BoT Taita Marae TAI012MA 80 N No surveillance Marae Committee Tama Te Uaua Marae TAM003MA 60 N No surveillance Marae Committee Tangiteroria Marae TAN006MA 90 N E.coli fail Tangiteroria Marae Cttee Tangiteroria School TAN003SC 60 Complied No surveillance School BoT Tangowahine School TAN004SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Te Kopuru School TEK009SC 160 N E.coli test School BoT Tinopai TIN001TI 50 (80 in Dec-Mar) N E.coli test Local Authority Tinopai School TIN003SC 50 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Trounson Camping Ground TRO003TR 40 N No surveillance Waiaotea Marae WAI129MA 30 N No surveillance Marae Committee Waikara Marae WAI124MA 30 N E.coli test Waikara Marae Cttee.

Whangarei District Akerama Marae AKE001MA 60 N E.coli test Marae Committee Bland Bay Motor Camp BLA002BB 90 (150 in Jan) I(fdi) No surveillance Bland Bay Motor Camp Bream Bay BRE001BR 5900 (8000 in Dec-Jan) Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority b Glenbervie School GLE011SC 190 Complied No surveillance School BoT Helena Bay School HEL002SC 20 N E.coli test School BoT Hikurangi HIK001HI 1,330 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Hukerenui Community HUK001CO 100 N No surveillance School BoT Hukerenui School HUK001HU 150 N No surveillance School BoT Kamo Spr.Caravan Pk & Xn Coll. KAM001KS 400 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Nthland Christian Fship Kaurihohore School KAU004SC 130 N E.coli fail School BoT Kokopu School KOK001SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Mangakahia Area School MAN007MA 250 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Mangapai MAN004MA 92 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Matarau School MAT007MA 190 I(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Maungakaramea MAU002MA 200 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Motutara Farm Camping Ground MOT007MF 90 (450 in Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Motutara Farm Camping Gr Nga Tau E Toru Kohunga Reo NGA017SC 30 N E.coli fail Nga Tau E Toru Committee Ngararatunua Marae NGA023MA 90 N E.coli test Marae Committee Ngunguru Motor Camp NGU001NG 50 (90 in Jan) I(fdi) No surveillance Ngunguru Motor Camp Ngunguru Retirement Village NGU004NG 80 Complied No surveillance Ngunguru R Village Trust Ngunguru School NGU002NG 165 I(fdi) No surveillance Ngunguru School Oakura Motels and Caravan Park OAK002OB 80 (250 in Dec-Jan) I(fdi) No surveillance Oakura Bay Motor Camp Pacific Rendezvous Motel PAC001PA 60 (200 in Jan) N No surveillance Pacific Rendezvous Motel Pakotai School PAK001PA 40 I(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Pehiaweri Marae PEH001MA 70 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Pompallier College POM002PO 480 E(F)A No surveillance School BoT

96 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Punaruku School PUN002PS 90 N E.coli test Punaruku School BoT Purua School PUR001PU 40 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Sands Motel SAN002SA 25 I(fdi) No surveillance Sea Breeze Motel SEA002SE 6 (18 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Sea Breeze Motel Tau Henare Marae TAU020MA 60 N No surveillance Marae Committee Tauraroa Area School TAU005TA 480 E(F)A No surveillance School BoT Te Aroha Marae TEA011TE 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Te Horo School TEH002TE 74 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Te Tarai O Rahiri Marae TET004MA 90 N E.coli fail Marae Committee Treasure Island Motor Camp TRE001CA 90 (200 in Jan) I(fdi) No surveillance Motor Camp Tuparehuia Marae TUP001MA 40 N No surveillance Marae Committee Tutukaka Coast Motor Lodge TUT004TU 80 N No surveillance Waiotira School WAI095SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Whakapara Marae WHA036MA 70 N No surveillance Marae Committee Whananaki DOC Camp WHA013WH 80 (200 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance DOC Whananaki School WHA008WH 40 N E.coli fail School BoT Whananaki Store Motor Camp WHA020WS 70 (200 in Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Motor Camp Whangarei WHA007WH 48,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Whangarei Heads WHA007HE 7200 (10000 in Dec-Jan) Complied FAC test Local Authority a Whangaruru Harbour Motor Camp WHA019WH 50 (150 in Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Whangaruru Harbour Motor Whangaruru North DOC WHA012WN 80 (200 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance DOC

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 97 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Auckland

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Auckland City Auckland AUC001AU 217,000 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Blanchy's of Surfdale BLA005BL 25 N (?) Audit Blanchy's of Surfdale Central Business District Auck AUC001CB 8,650 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Greenlane Hospital GRE007GR 2,000 From Jun Audit Auckland DHB Hillsborough AUC001HI 40,000 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Jetty Tourist Lodge JET001JE 25 (25 in Oct-Mar) N Audit Jetty Tourist Lodge Kaitoki Primary School KAI036SC 80 N (?) Audit School BoT Matiatia Wharf MAT034MA 100 N Audit Local Authority Maungawhau AUC001MA 37,600 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Medlands Beach Backpackers MED001ME 20 N Audit Backpackers Mother Hubbards Childcare MOT013MO 33 N Audit Mother Hubbards Ccare Motutapu Island DOC Camp MOT021MO 50 N (?) Audit Motutapu Outdoor Ed. Camp MOT022MO 2 E(F)AI(fi) Audit Motutapu Outdoor EdCamp Mt Hobson AUC001HO 26,250 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Mulberry Grove School MUL001SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT New World Waiheke NEW005NE 30 N Audit New World Waiheke Nutters Cafe NUT001NU 35 N (?) Audit Nutters Cafe Okiwi School OKI004SC 50 N Audit School BoT Onehunga AUC001ON 20,250 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Orapiu Wharf ORA006OR 100 N Audit Local Authority Otahuhu AUC001OT 13,100 Complied Audit Metro Water Ltd. a Palm Beach Backpackers PAL004PA 75 (150 in Dec, Apr) N Audit Palm Beach Backpackers Pigeons Lodge-Great Barrier Is PIG002PI 12 (12 in Oct-Apr) N Audit Pigeons Lodge Piritahi Kohanga Reo PIR002PI 25 N Audit Piritahi Kohanga Reo Port Fitzroy Wharf POR009PO 100 N Audit Resident & Ratepayer Ass Rotoroa Institute, Rotoroa Is. ROT009RO 60 N Audit Salvation Army Schooner Cafe, Harvey Travel SCH001SC 25 N (?) Audit Southpark SOU005SO 150 E(F)A Audit Southpark Utilities St Pauls Presbyterian Church STP003ST 35 N (?) Audit Presbyterian Church St Peters Catholic Church STP002ST 25 N (?) Audit Catholic Church Te Huruhi School WAI098TE 600 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit School BoT Tipi & Bob's Holiday Lodge TIP001TI 3 (20 in summer) N Audit Tipi & Bob's Hol. Lodge Vino Vino Bar Cafe VIN001VI 25 N Audit Vino Vino Bar Cafe Waiheke Baptist Church WAI117WA 25 N (?) Audit Baptist Church Waiheke Com.Hlth Care/St Johns WAI116WA 17 N Audit Waiheke Health Trust Waiheke Golf Club WAI119WA 100 N Audit Waiheke Golf Club Waiheke High School WAI098SC 550 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Waiheke Is, Salvage Restaurant WAI142WA 25 N (?) Audit Waiheke Is, Stjepans Pizza Bar WAI143WA 50 N (?) Audit Waiheke Island Aerodrome WAI110WA 25 N (?) Audit Waiheke Island Aerodrome Waiheke Island Resort WAI113WA 25 N Audit Waiheke Island Resort Waiheke Kindergarten WAI114WA 80 N Audit Waiheke Kindergarten Waiheke Palm Beach Lodge WAI112WA 10 N Audit Waiheke PalmBeachLodge Waiheke Punga Lodge WAI115WA 20 N Audit Waiheke Punga Lodge Waiheke Sports Club WAI109WA 25 N (?) Audit Waiheke, Onetangi Apartments WAI144WA 65 N Audit Whangaparapara Wharf WHA043WH 100 (2000 in Dec-Jan) N Audit Resident & Ratepayer Ass

Franklin District Aka Aka Primary School AKA003SC 55 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Anzac PUK002AN 2,662 Complied Audit Local Authority b Ararimu School Zone A (rain) ARA009SA 100 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Ararimu School Zone B (Bore) ARA009SB 100 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit School BoT Awhitu School AWH001SC 100 N Audit School BoT Big Bay Motor Camp BIG002BI 20 (20 in Dec-Mar) N Audit Big Bay Motor Camp

98 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Bombay BOM001BO 484 I(d) Audit Local Authority c Bombay Motorway Services BOM002BO 100 I(fdi) Audit BP Oil NZ Ltd Buckland BUC001BU 504 EA Audit Local Authority e Camp Adair CAM005CA 6 (200 in Sep-Apr) I(fdi) Audit YMCA Auckland Clarks Beach CLA001CL 1,152 EI(di) Audit Local Authority e Colombo Road WAI008CO 550 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority e Dingwall Trust Holiday House DIN001DI 45 N Audit Dingwall Trust Douglas Rd, Pukekohe DOU003DO 95 From Apr Audit Local Authority Felix Donelly College FEL001SC 60 N (?) Audit Felix Donelly Clge Trust Glen Murray School GLE006GM 25 I(fi) Audit School BoT Glenbrook Beach GLE002GL 370 From Sep Audit Local Authority c Glenbrook Primary School GLE005GP 250 E(F)AI(fi) Audit School BoT Harrisville School HAR002SC 130 N Audit School BoT Hilltop PUK002PH 650 From Sep Audit Local Authority b Kaiaua School KAI030SC 65 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Karaka School KAR004KA 170 Complied Audit School BoT Kingseat Hospital KIN002KH 200 Complied Audit Tainui Kitchener PUK002KI 11,500 Complied Audit Local Authority d Mangatangi School MAN012MA 104 Zone closed 2000 School BoT Mangatawhiri School MAN011MA 91 E(F) Audit School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone A MAU004SA 50 N Audit School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone B MAU004SB 50 N Audit School BoT Mercer Country Stop MER004ME 50 N (?) Audit Mercer School MER003SC 35 N Audit School BoT Naike School NAI001NA 23 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Onewhero ONE004ON 50 E(F)AI(d) Audit Local Authority Onewhero District School ONE003ON 300 I(fi) Audit School BoT Orua Motor Camp ORU003OR 150 (150 in Dec-Feb) I(fdi) Audit Orua Motor Camp Otaua Primary School OTA006OP 120 I(fdi)L Audit School BoT Paerata School PAE006SC 130 N Audit School BoT Paparimu Primary School PAP007SC 148 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Patumahoe PAT002PA 560 I(i) Audit Local Authority d Pokeno POK001PO 420 From Sep Audit Local Authority d Pollok School Zone A POL001SA 50 N Audit School BoT Pollok School Zone B POL001SB 50 N Audit School BoT Port Waikato POR005PW 50 From Sep Audit Local Authority Pukekawa School PUK007PU 148 Complied Audit School BoT Pukekohe East School PUK018SC 115 N Audit School BoT Pukeoware School PUK017SC 160 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Ramarama School RAM001RA 165 E(F)A Audit School BoT St Stephens School STS001SS 170 N (?) Audit School BoT Te Hihi Primary School TEH003TH 260 I(fi) Audit School BoT Te Kohanga School TEK007TK 110 E(F)AI(f) Audit School BoT Tuakau North TUA002TN 690 From Sep Audit Local Authority d Tuakau South TUA002TS 2,613 From Sep Audit Local Authority c Victoria Ave WAI008VI 6,700 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority e Village Fields Subdivision VIL001VI 100 N (?) Audit Village Fields Water Co. Waiau Beach WAI069WA 180 Complied Audit Local Authority Waiau Pa Kindergarten WAI118WA 60 N (?) Audit Waiau Pa Kindergarten Waiau Pa School WAI096SC 340 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Waikaretu Sch. Drink Fountains WAI051WA 46 N Audit School BoT Waikaretu School Classrooms WAI051CL 25 N Audit School BoT Waipipi School WAI097SC 145 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Wesley College WES005WC 500 I(fi) Audit School BoT

Manukau City Beachlands School BEA001BE 400 N Audit School BoT Brookby School BRO008SC 60 E(F)A Audit School BoT Clevedon Primary School CLE001CP 290 E(F)A Audit School BoT Earls Court AUC002EA 5,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 99 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade High Head AUC002HH 6,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a Hunua School HUN005SC 145 E(F)A Audit School BoT Manukau Misc. AUC002MM 256,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a Maraetai Beach Boat Club Wharf MAR019MA 100 N Audit Maraetai Beach Boat Club Maraetai Beach School MAR006MA 230 Complied Audit School BoT Orere School ORE004SC 60 E(F)AI(fi) Audit School BoT Papatoetoe AUC002PA 20,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a Pine Harbour Marina Wharf PIN003PI 400 E(F)AI(fi) Audit Pine Harbour Marina Whitford Pre-School WHI004SC 80 N Audit Pre-School Managers Whitford Settlers Cafe WHI005WH 100 E(F)A Audit Cafe Owners

North Shore City Albany Outdoor Education Trust ALB002AO 45 N Audit Albany Outdoor Education North Shore Central NOR001CE 48,100 Complied Audit Local Authority a North Shore East NOR001EA 41,200 Complied Audit Local Authority a North Shore North NOR001NT 9,500 Complied Audit Local Authority a North Shore South NOR001SO 85,800 Complied Audit Local Authority a

Papakura District Ardmore Airport ARD002AR 500 N Audit Ardmore Utilities Ltd Ardmore School ARD003SC 260 N Audit School BoT Karaka Park KAR010KA 150 N Audit Karaka Pk Water Supp Ltd Papakura City PAP001PC 27,228 Complied Audit United Water a Red Hill PAP001RH 2,900 Complied Audit United Water a Takanini PAP001TA 9,998 Complied Audit United Water a

Rodney District Ahuroa School AHU002SC 24 N Audit School BoT Albany, Killashandra Resthome ALB005AL 18 N Audit Killashandra Resthome Amberleigh Country Lodge AMB003AM 20 N Audit Amberleigh Country Lodge Coatesville School COA002SC 198 E(F)AI(f) Audit School BoT Dairy Flat School DAI001DF 270 I(fdi)L Audit School BoT Forest Reserve Hall FOR003HA 30 N Audit Forest Reserve Hall Soc. Game Meats (NZ) Ltd GAM001GA 25 N (?) Audit Game Meats (NZ) Ltd Goat Island Camping Ground GOA001GI 25 (100 in Oct-Apr) E(F)AI(f) Audit Camping Ground Happy Rainbow Primary School HAP001SC 52 N Audit School BoT Hare Krishna Comm. Riverhead HAR003HA 35 N Audit Community supply Helensville HEL001HE 2,200 From Sep Audit Local Authority a Hibiscus Coast HIB002HI 19,240 From Oct Audit Local Authority a Huapai Depot HUA002HU 10 Complied Audit Local Authority Huapai Domain HUA003HU 10 (100 in Dec-Mar) Complied Audit Local Authority Huapai School HUA001SC 360 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Kaipara Flats Primary School KAI016KF 240 E(F)AI(f) Audit School BoT Kaukapakapa Bowling Club KAU005KA 20 (0 in Oct-Apr) N Audit Bowling Club Kaukapakapa Hotel KAU006KA 25 Refused to supply data Kaukapakapa Hotel Kaukapakapa School KAU003SC 200 N Audit School BoT Kawau Island Historic Reserve KAW005KI 5 I(fdi) Audit DOC Kawau Island Yacht Club KAW004KI 100 (100 in Dec-Feb) N Audit Kawau Island Yacht Club Kings Coll Ahuroa Venture Camp KIN007SC 40 N Audit School BoT Lees Wharf LEE003LE 100 N Audit Lees Boatbuilders Leigh Hotel LEI005LE 50 N Audit Leigh Hotel Leigh Laboratory LEI002LL 35 I(fdi)L Audit University of Auckland Leigh Primary School LEI003LE 102 I(fi) Audit Leigh Fisheries Leigh Wharf LEI006LE 100 N (?) Audit Leigh Fisheries Lifeways Ministries LIF001LI 200 N Audit Lifeways Ministries Mahurangi Christian School MAH008SC 60 N (?) Audit School BoT Mahurangi Regional Park MAH003MR 25 (800 in Oct-Apr) E(F)AI(f) Audit Auckland Regional Counci Martins Bay Holiday Camp MAR007MB 50 (1200 in Dec-Jan) E(F)A Audit Local Authority Matakana Playcentre MAT028MA 35 I(fdi) Audit Matakana Playcentre Matakana Primary School MAT011MA 350 I(fdi) Audit School BoT

100 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Muriwai MUR003MU 450 From Sep Audit Local Authority a Muriwai Lodge Caravan Park MUR004MU 14 Complied Audit Camp Ground Owners Muriwai Regional Park MUR008RP 10 Complied Audit Auckland Reg. Council Muriwai, Houghtons Bush Camp MUR005MU 80 Complied Audit Camp Owners Omaha Community Hall OMA011OM 30 N Audit Omaha Surf Club OMA012SC 10 N Audit Omaha Surf Club Pah Farm Fishing Lodge PAH002PF 100 I(fdi) Audit Pah Farm (Te Pa Ika Nui) Pakiri Motor Camp PAK010PA 30 E(F)A Audit Pakiri Motor Camp Pakiri Primary School PAK011SC 25 E(F)I(fdi) Audit School BoT Parakai HEL001PA 980 From Sep Audit Local Authority a Peninsula Club Retiremt Resort PEN001PC 180 N Audit Peninsula Club Retiremt Puriri Park Camping Ground PUR004PP 600 (600 in Nov-Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) Audit Camping Ground Redhills RED002RE 80 From Jul Audit Local Authority Riverhead Park RIV013RI 10 Complied Audit Local Authority Riverhead School RIV011SC 142 E(F)AI(fi) Audit School BoT Sandspit Motor Camp SAN003SM 25 Complied Audit Sandspit Motor Camp Sandspit Reserve SAN006SA 10 E(F)A Audit Local Authority Sandspit Wharf SAN007SA 300 N Audit Local Authority Sandspit Yacht Club SAN008SA 100 N Audit Sandspit Yacht Club Scandrett SCA001SC 25 N Audit Mullet Point Assoc. Inc. Shakespear Regional Park SHA002SR 200 (400 in Oct-Apr) N Audit Auckland Regional Counci Sheepworld Motor Camp SHE005SH 25 E(F)A Audit Sheepworld Motor Camp Shelly Beach Reserve SHE006SH 10 Complied Audit Local Authority Sinclair Park SIN001SI 10 Complied Audit Local Authority Snells/Algies SNE001SN 4,020 Complied Audit Local Authority a Stillwater Camping Ground STI003SC 25 N Audit Camping Ground Tapora Primary School TAP004TA 65 N Audit School BoT Tauhoa Primary School TAU010TA 45 N (!) Audit School BoT Taupaki School TAU013SC 240 N Audit School BoT Tawharanui Regional Park TAW001TR 200 (400 in Oct-Apr) E(F)AI(fi) Audit Auckland Regional Counci Te Hana TEH001TE 60 N Audit Project Holdings Ltd Te Hana - Transported TEH004TE 30 N Audit Water Transport Company Tomarata Play Centre FOR003PC 45 I(fdi) Audit Play Centre Committee Tomorata Primary School TOM001TO 65 I(fi) Audit School BoT Waimauku School WAI085SC 543 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Wainui School WAI099SC 200 N Audit School BoT Waioma Rest Home WAI054WR 33 N Audit Waioma Rest Home Waioneke School WAI086SC 50 N (!) Audit School BoT Waitakere North WAI104WA 120 Complied Audit Local Authority Waitoki School WAI084SC 97 N Audit School BoT Waiwera HIB002WA 330 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority a Warkworth WAR001WA 3,120 Complied Audit Local Authority a Waste Management, Dairy Flat WAS001WM 40 E(F)AI(di)L Audit Waste Management NZ Ltd Weiti Boating Club Wharf WEI001WE 100 N (?) Audit Weiti Boating Club Wellsford WEL001WE 2,190 Complied Audit Local Authority a Whangaparaoa Military Camp * WHA017WA 5 (180 in Dec) E(F)A Audit Ministry of Defence Whangateau Camping Ground WHA018WC 20 E(F)A Audit Camping Ground Woodhill School WOO007SC 40 N (!) Audit School BoT * now connected to HIB002HI Waitakere City Defence Auckland DEF001DE 3,000 Complied Audit Serco for Min.Defence e Glen Eden / New Lynn WAI009GL 50,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a Henderson WAI009HE 107,500 Complied Audit Local Authority a Huia Village WAI009HU 450 Complied Audit Local Authority a Laingholm WAI009LA 2,400 Complied Audit Local Authority a Montana WAI009MO 4,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a North Piha Water Supply PIH002PN 80 I(fdi) Audit North Piha WS Soc Ltd Oratia WAI009OR 1,300 Complied Audit Local Authority a Piha Camping Ground PIH002PC 15 N (?) Audit Local Authority Te Henga WAI009TE 850 Complied Audit Local Authority a

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 101 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Waikato

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Hamilton City Hamilton Christian School * HAM007SC 190 N No surveillance School BoT Hamilton City HAM001HA 117,100 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a * connected to HAM001HA in Jun 2001 Hauraki City Hauraki Plains East HAU001EA 1,135 E(F)AI(f) No surveillance Local Authority c Hauraki Plains West HAU001WE 2,200 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority b Hauraki Plains, Kerepehi HAU001KE 2,200 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority b Kaihere School KAI024SC 66 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Kaimanawa KAI013KA 100 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority Karangahake KAR001KA 140 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Mackaytown MAC003MA 140 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority e Ohinemuri OHI001OH 600 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Paeroa PAE001PA 4,000 From Mar No surveillance Local Authority b Waihi WAI003WA 4,450 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Waikino WAI043WA 340 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Waimata School WAI147SC 100 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT

Matamata Piako District Elstow School ELS001SC 150 I(fi) E.coli test School BoT Hinuera Township HIN002HI 35 From Apr Audit Local Authority c Hoe-O-Tainui School HOE001SC 37 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test School BoT Inghams Poultry ING003IN 360 E(F) Audit Inghams Poultry Kereone School KER003SC 62 I(fi) Audit School BoT Kiwitahi School KIW006SC 42 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Manawaru School MAN035SC 74 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Mangateparu School MAN034SC 44 I(f) Audit School BoT Matamata Township MAT004MA 5,600 From Apr Audit Local Authority b Morrinsville Township MOR001MO 5,600 From Apr Audit Local Authority b Motumaoho School & Community MOT015SC 100 I(f) E.coli test School BoT Ngarua Primary School * NGA021SC 17 N No surveillance School BoT Richmond Downs Primary School RIC005SC 42 I(fi) Audit School BoT Springdale School School SPR006SC 64 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Tahuna Township TAH001TA 120 From Apr Audit Local Authority c Tatua Co-op Dairy Co. Ltd. TAT002TA 120 From May Audit Tatua Dairy Tatuanui School TAT001SC 87 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Tauhei School TAU017SC 83 E(F)I(f) E.coli test School BoT Te Aroha TEA003TE 3,465 From Apr Audit Local Authority b Te Aroha West TEA005WE 50 E(F)I(fdi) Audit Local Authority e Te Poi Township TEP003TE 100 From Apr Audit Local Authority c Te Puninga School TEP004SC 35 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Totara Springs Christian Cent. TOT004TO 75 (500 in Dec-Jan) I(fi) Audit Christian Trust Waharoa Township WAH001WA 634 From Apr Audit Local Authority a Waihou Township WAI091WA 105 Complied Audit Waihou Water Assn.Inc. Waitoa Village & Factory WAI049WA 400 I(fdi)L Audit NZ Dairy Co-op c Walton Primary School WAL003WA 90 E(F) Audit School BoT Wardville Primary School WAR005SC 90 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Wood Road WOO009WO 180 From Mar Audit Wallace Corporation * School closed Apr 2001 Otorhanga District Aotearoa Road,Arohena ARO001AO 120 Complied FAC fail Local Authority Hauturu School HAU006SC 26 Complied No surveillance School BoT Kawhia Township KAW001KA 500 (1500 in Dec-Jan) I(fi) FAC test Local Authority c Kio Kio School KIO001SC 143 From Aug No surveillance BOT Korakonui School KOR003SC 192 I(fi) No surveillance BOT Maihihi School MAI006SC 80 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Mangare Road, Arohena ARO001MA 120 I(fi) FAC fail Local Authority

102 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Ngutunui School NGU003SC 72 Complied No surveillance BOT Oparau School OPA003SC 14 E(F) No surveillance School BoT Otewa School OTE005SC 135 N No surveillance School BoT Otorohanga OTO001OT 2,875 I(f) FAC test Local Authority c Ranginui RAN006RA 90 Complied FAC fail Local Authority Tihiroa TIH001TI 400 Complied FAC fail Local Authority b Waikeria Institutions WAI013WI 1,252 Complied FAC test Dept. of Corrections d (c) Waipa WAI047WA 175 Complied FAC test Local Authority b

Ruapehu District Kaitieke School KAI037SC 11 N No surveillance School BoT Kakahi KAK002KA 50 N E.coli fail Kakahi Inc Water Soc. Kirikau School KIR002SC 15 N No surveillance School BoT Matiere School MAT036SC 50 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT National Park NAT001NA 240 (1000 in Jul-Sep) I(d)L E.coli test Local Authority Ngakonui School NGA025SC 130 N No surveillance BOT Ngapuke School NGA028SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Ohura OHU001OH 374 I(d)L FAC fail Local Authority c Ongarue School ONG001SC 30 E(F)A No surveillance School BoT Otunui School OTU006SC 9 N No surveillance School BoT Owhango OWH001OW 250 I(d)L E.coli test Local Authority d Piriaka PIR001PI 100 I(fdi)L No surveillance Local Authority Raurimu RAU001RA 40 N No surveillance Community committee Taumarunui TAU003TA 5,200 I(fdi)L No surveillance Local Authority d Tokirima School TOK011SC 7 N No surveillance Waimiha School WAI064SC 21 I(f) No surveillance School BoT Whakapapa Village WHA015WV 200 (400 Aug-Sep, Jan) N E.coli test DOC c

South Waikato District Anchor Products Lichfield ANC003LI 150 L Audit Anchor Products Ltd Anchor Products Tirau ANC001AN 64 From Jun Audit Anchor Products Ltd Arapuni ARA003AR 300 E(F) Audit Local Authority Arorangi School ARO003SC 46 I(fi) Audit Athol ATH002AT 50 Complied Audit Local Authority Kinleith Pulp & Paper ATH002KI 700 I(d) Audit Kinleith Pulp & Paper Lichfield LIC001LI 50 N No surveillance Local Authority Lichfield School LIC002SC 180 From MarI(d) Audit School BoT Okoroire School OKO003SC 39 I(fi) Audit School BoT Puketurua School PUK021SC 60 E(F)I(fi) Audit School BoT Putaruru PUT001PU 4,500 E(F) Audit Local Authority d Tapapa School TAP005SC 48 N No surveillance School BoT Te Waotu School TEW007SC 90 E(F)I(fi) Audit Local Authority Tirau TIR001TI 700 E(F)I(d) Audit Local Authority d Tokoroa TOK001TO 16,000 I(d) Audit Local Authority a

Thames Coromandel District Colville School COL008SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Colville Water Trust Colville Town COL008CO 80 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Colville Water Trust Coromandel COR001CO 1500 (2535 in Jan) Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Hahei, Harsant Subdivision HAH001HA 66 (400 in Jan) E(F) No surveillance Local Authority b Hikutaia HIK002HI 200 N No surveillance Local Authority Kennedy Bay School KEN003SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Kopu Sawmill KOP003KO 220 I(fdi) No surveillance Carter Holt Harvey Matarangi MAT010MA 121 (3401 in Jan) Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Matatoki MAT009MA 150 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority Onemana ONE002ON 170 (1200 in Jan) E(F) No surveillance Local Authority e Pauanui PAU001PA 1020 (12410 in Jan) E(F) No surveillance Local Authority b Puriri PUR003PU 150 N No surveillance Local Authority Tairua TAI002TA 1700 (7206 in Jan) Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Te Puru - Aputa Ave TEP007AP 200 N No surveillance Local Authority

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 103 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Te Puru – Unarei TEP006TE 100 N No surveillance Te Puru Community e Thames – Kopu THA001TK 6850 (10695 in Jan) Complied No surveillance Local Authority Thornton Bay THO002TH 100 N No surveillance Thornton Bay Community e Whangamata WHA003WH 4500 (27030 in Jan) Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Whitianga WHI001WH 3400 (13930 in Jan) Complied No surveillance Local Authority a

Waikato District AFFCO Meatworks, Horotiu AFF002HO 270 Complied No surveillance Affco Meatworks Eureka EUR001EU 220 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Glen Massey School GLE015SC 85 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Gordonton GOR003GO 392 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Hopu Hopu TAU002HO 200 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Horotiu - Council Distribution HOR001CO 275 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Horsham Downs School and Hall HOR005SC 450 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Huntly HUN002HU 7,310 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Maramarua School MAR018SC 85 I(fdi) No surveillance BOT Matangi MAT003MA 500 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Newstead NEW001NE 800 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Ngaruawahia NGA002NG 5,420 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Ohinewai School OHI004SC 82 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Orini Combined School ORI001SC 120 I(fdi) No surveillance BOT Pukemiro School PUK023SC 35 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Raglan RAG001RA 2,400 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Rotokauri School ROT010SC 194 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Rotongaro HUN002RO 100 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Rototuna ROT008RO 100 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Ruawaro Combined School RUA009SC 54 I(fdi) No surveillance Board of Trustees Tamahere TAM001TA 500 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Taupiri TAU002TA 460 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Tauwhare School TAU022SC 110 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Te Akau TEA009TE 45 I(fi) No surveillance Local Authority Te Akau School TEA010SC 58 N No surveillance School BoT Te Kauwhata / Rangiriri TEK001TR 1,300 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Te Kowhai School TEK020SC 190 I(fdi) No surveillance BOT Te Kura O Ngati Haua School TEK017SC 45 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance Board of Trustees Te Mata School TEM010SC 60 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Te Uku School TEU001SC 150 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Waerenga School WAE002SC 85 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Waikato Waldorf School * WAI145SC 100 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance BOT Waikokowai School WAI146SC 32 I(fdi) No surveillance BOT Waingaro School WAI151SC 23 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Waiterimu School WAI150SC 25 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Waitetuna School WAI155SC 40 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Whangamarino Rural / Meremere TEK001WH 400 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Whatawhata School WHA046SC 93 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Whitikahu School WHI008SC 50 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT * Zone closed Jul 2001 Waipa District Cambridge CAM001CA 13,503 Complied FAC test Local Authority b East Side Terminal HAM006IT 110 Complied FAC/E.coli test Waikato Regional Airport Goodwood School GOO003SC 245 Complied No surveillance School BoT Hautapu School HAU007SC 191 Complied No surveillance School BoT Hora Hora School HOR006SC 92 I(fi) No surveillance School BoT Karapiro School KAR011SC 103 Complied No surveillance School BoT Kihikihi KIH001KI 2,000 Complied FAC test Local Authority a Ngahinapouri School NGA024SC 250 I(f) No surveillance BOT Ohaupo PUK001OH 468 Complied FAC test Local Authority Pacific Aerospace Corp Hamiltn PAC002PA 118 N No surveillance Parawera School PAR014SC 54 Complied No surveillance School BoT Paterangi School PAT006SC 110 Complied No surveillance School BoT

104 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Pirongia TEA001PI 1,131 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Pokuru School POK002SC 150 Complied No surveillance School BoT Puahue School PUA001SC 143 E(F)I(f) No surveillance BOT Pukeatua School PUK022SC 140 Complied No surveillance School BoT Pukerimu Rural PUK001PU 2,810 Complied FAC fail Local Authority a Rukahia School RUK001SC 81 Complied No surveillance School BoT Te Awamutu Township TEA001TE 9,165 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Te Miro School TEM009SC 65 Complied No surveillance School BoT Te Pahu School TEP016SC 150 E(F) No surveillance School BoT Templeview TEM003TE 1,200 I(fi) FAC test Local Authority Tokanui Hospital TOK006TH 250 N FAC fail Health Waikato West Side Aviation Area HAM006WE 110 Complied FAC test Waikato Regional Airport Wharepapa South School WHA041SC 33 Complied No surveillance School BoT Whitehall School WHI009SC 51 Complied No surveillance School BoT

Waitomo District Aria School ARI001SC 45 N No surveillance School BoT Benneydale BEN002BE 280 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority e Hangataki School HAN005SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Kinohaku School KIN005SC 22 E(F) No surveillance School BoT Mahoenui School MAH007SC 16 E(F)A No surveillance BOT Maipu School MAI007SC 12 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Mokau, Waitomo MOK002MO 200 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority c Oparure School OPA004SC 30 Complied No surveillance School BoT Piopio PIO001PI 500 E(F)I(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Piripiri School PIR003SC 13 N No surveillance School BoT Pureora Village PUR002PU 30 N No surveillance DOC Rangitoto School RAN022SC 32 N No surveillance School BoT Taharoa Village TAH002TA 150 N No surveillance BHP-NZ Steel Mining Ltd c Te Kuiti TEK003TE 4,612 Complied Audit Local Authority a Waitomo Caves WAI012WC 500 E(F) Audit Waitomo Caves Ltd b (e)

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 105 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Tauranga

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Tauranga District Boscabel East BOS001EA 120 N E.coli test Boscabel Residents Assoc Boscabel West BOS001WE 120 N E.coli test Boscabel Residents Assoc Mt Maunganui – Papamoa TAU004MP 44,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Tahuwhakatiki Marae TAH003TA 5 (200 in at tangi etc.) N E.coli fail Marae Committee Tauranga – Bethlehem TAU004TB 46,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b

Western Bay of Plenty District AFFCo Freezing Works-Te Puke AFF001AF 450 (650 in Dec-May) Complied E.coli test AFFCo Aongatete Lodge AON001AO 92 N No surveillance Kaimai Outdoor Centre Athenree WES011AT 1,515 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Athenree Tearooms ATH001AT 40 N E.coli test Athenree Tearooms Belk Rd Water Scheme BEL001BE 25 N No surveillance Belk Rd Water Scheme Gibralter Water Supply TEP002GI 60 N E.coli test Gibralter Water Scheme Homewood Resthome-Tauranga HOM001HO 9 Supply not used in 2001 Resthome Kaimai School KAI018SC 77 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Kaimai Spring KAI025KA 100 N No surveillance Community group Kaimai Woolshed KAI034KA 30 N E.coli fail Kaimai Woolshed Katikati WES011KA 5,205 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Katiphil Factory KAT001KA 2 I(fdi) E.coli test Katiphil Food Factory Maketu TEP002MA 3,600 I(fd) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Matakana Island Rec. Club MAT019MA 100 N No surveillance Recreation Club Matakana Island School MAT020SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Matakana Marae, Rangihouhine MAT018MA 50 N No surveillance Marae Trustees Matakana Mill MAT017MA 40 N No surveillance Matakana Mill Ngamuwahine Outdoor Centre NGA015NG 20 N No surveillance Ngamuwahine Camp Trust Ngatuhoa Lodge NGA009NG 60 (60 in Nov-Mar) N No surveillance Ngaupuri Scheme TEP002NG 60 N E.coli test O Te Ora Camp OTE004OT 35 supply not used in 2001 Otumoetai College Omokoroa OMO002OM 3,583 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Opureora Marae OPU002OP 40 N No surveillance Marae Trustees Oropi School ORO004SC 121 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Otamarakau School OTA007SC 70 N E.coli test School BoT Otawa Lodge OTA008OT 50 (60 in school hols) N E.coli fail Girl Guides Assn. Pongakawa School PON002SC 240 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Pukehina School PUK008SC 80 N E.coli test School BoT Pyes Pa School PYE001SC 150 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Rangiuru School RAN009SC 29 N E.coli test School BoT Rangiwaea Marae RAN015RA 5 N No surveillance Marae Committee Rataroa Lodge-College Camp RAT002SC 30 N (?) No surveillance Boys College BOT Sapphire Springs Camp SAP001SA 400 N E.coli fail Holiday Park Tanners Point WES011TK 150 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Tautau Supply TAU021TA 70 N No surveillance Tautau Irrigat.Water Grp Te Butt Rd OMO002TE 2585 (in summer) EI(d) Audit Local Authority Te Puke TEP002TP 6612 (8499 in winter) E(F)AI(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Te Puke (Bush) TEP002BU 100 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Te Puke Eastern Districts TEP002EA 1887 (400 in winter) I(d) FAC/E.coli test b Te Puke Golf Course TEP005TE 550 N E.coli test Golf Club Te Puna OMO002TP 550 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority Te Ranga School TER001SC 25 N E.coli test School BoT Waihi Beach WES011WB 2100 (in summer) I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Waiora Christian School WAI057SC 70 School closed Jan 2000 School Board Waitaia Lodge WAI105WA 20 N No surveillance Waitaia Lodge Committee Whakamarama School WHA023SC 76 N E.coli test School BoT Willougby Rd. Katikati WHI003WH 30 N E.coli test

106 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Rotorua

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Rotorua District Atiamuri Playcentre ATI002SC 30 N E.coli test Atiamuri Playcentre East Rd Community EAS001ER 30 N E.coli test East Rd Community Hamurana HAM003HA 600 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority d Horohoro School HOR002SC 52 N E.coli test School BoT Kaharoa KAH001KA 650 EI(d) E.coli test Local Authority d Kaingaroa KAI009KA 700 N FAC/E.coli fail Forest Village Trust e Kennedy Bay KEN001KB 15 (30 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Residents Assn. Kiwi Ranch - Tikitere KIW001KR 160 N E.coli test Sport and Spa Ltd. Mamaku Township MAM001MA 550 I(d) FAC test Local Authority a Mihi MIH001MI 80 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority b Ngakuru School NGA007SC 90 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Ngongotaha Township NGO001NG 3,800 EI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Okareka ROT001OK 500 Complied E.coli test Local Authority b Okataina Ed.& Rec.Trust Camp OKA006OK 100 N E.coli test Trust Okawa Bay Resort OKA007OK 200 N FAC/E.coli fail Okawa Bay Resort Paradise Valley PAR010PA 100 N No surveillance Local Authority Rainbow Mountain Sawmill RAI001RA 151 N FAC test Tasman Lumber Reporoa REP001RE 980 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority b Rerewhakaaitu School RER001SC 120 N E.coli test School BoT Rotata Sun Club ROT006RO 200 (0 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Rotoiti ROT004RO 920 E(F)I(d) E.coli test Local Authority d Rotoma ROT002RO 400 From Oct FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Rotorua City ROT003RO 42,500 I(di) FAC test Local Authority a Rotorua Eastern Suburbs ROT001RE 8,200 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority d Te Wairoa Buried Village TEW003TE 200 N E.coli test Te Wairoa Village Tumunui Complex TUM001TU 350 (350 in Nov-Mar) N E.coli test Tamaki Maori Village Upper Atiamuri School UPP003SC 52 N No surveillance School BoT Waikite Hotpool Complex WAI030WA 40 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Waikite Valley School WAI056SC 98 I(f) E.coli fail School BoT Waimangu Volcanic Valley WAI079WA 200 I(fi) E.coli test DOC Waiotapu Forestry Headquarters WAI059WA 60 I(fi) FAC/E.coli fail Fletcher Challenge (For) Waiotapu School Camp WAI029WA 50 I(fdi) E.coli test School Camp Trust Waiotapu Thermal Wonderland WAI125WA 400 (0 in Nov-Mar) N E.coli test Waiotapu Wonderland Waipa Sawmill WAI074WA 300 I(d) FAC test Fletcher Challenge (For) c Whangamarino School WHA022SC 130 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Whirinaki * WHI002WR 20 N No surveillance Local Authority c * No longer managed by the LA Taupo District Acacia Bay ACA001AC 1,984 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority a Aratiatia Mighty River Power ARA002AR 10 N No surveillance Mighty River Power Atiamuri Village ATI001AV 120 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Bonshaw Park BON001BO 180 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Braxmere Lodge BRA002BR 80 N No surveillance Braxmere Lodge Centennial Drive CEN001CD 200 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Frethy Road Boat Club FRE004FR 25 (100 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli test Local Authority Hatepe Village HAT001HV 320 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Hautu Prison HAU005HA 200 From Jul E.coli test Corrections NZ Iwitahi Camp IWI001IW 100 N E.coli fail Iwitahi Camp Board Kinloch Town KIN001KI 433 Complied E.coli test Local Authority c Kuratau Primary School KUR002SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Trust Lake Taupo Christian Camp LAK015LA 25 I(fdi) E.coli test Lake Taupo Camp Lake Taupo M.Inn,Lakeside Mot. LAK014LA 24 N (!) No surveillance Lake Taupo M.Inn Mangakino MAN002MA 1,540 Complied E.coli test Local Authority d

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 107 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Maori Youth Christian Camp MAO001MA 50 N E.coli test Mapara Road Rural ACA001MA 300 From Apr E.coli test Local Authority Marotiri School MAR016SC 120 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Mokai Primary School MOK003SC 35 School closed School BoT Motuoapa MOT002MO 1,350 EI(di) E.coli test Local Authority Motuoapa Fishing Club MOT020MO 25 N E.coli test Motuoapa Fishing Club Motuoapa Lodge MOT018MO 40 N E.coli test Motuoapa Lodge Motuoapa Motor Camp MOT017MO 20 N E.coli test Motuoapa Motor Camp Motutere Camping Ground MOT010MO 10 N E.coli test Leased from Council Ohaaki Contact Energy OHA003OH 25 N No surveillance Contact Energy Ohaaki Marae OHA003OM 100 N (?) No surveillance Contact Energy Ohakuri Mighty River Power OHA004OH 5 N No surveillance Mighty River Power Omori / Kuratau OMO001OM 2,600 E E.coli test Local Authority Orakei Korako ORA002OK 95 N (?) No surveillance Pukawa OMO001PU 770 E E.coli test Local Authority Rangipo Genesis Power RAN004RA 10 N No surveillance Genesis Power Rangipo Prison RAN014PR 200 From Sep No surveillance Dept. of Corrections Rangitaiki Primary School RAN016SC 60 From Apr E.coli test School BoT River Rd Reporoa RIV003RI 350 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Shoreline Body Corp. SHO001SH 25 N FAC test Shoreline Body Corp. St Pauls Tihoi Venture School STP004SC 100 N E.coli test School BoT Taupo Central & West TAU001TC 9,000 Complied E.coli test Local Authority a Taupo Moana Motel TAU018TA 18 N (!) No surveillance Taupo Moana Motel Taupo South TAU009TS 5,000 From Jul E.coli test Local Authority a Tauranga/Taupo Fishing Lodge TAU019TA 5 Refused to supply data Tauranga/Taupo Lodge Tauranga/Taupo School TAU012SC 95 From Jul No surveillance School BoT Tirohanga TIR002TI 220 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Tokaanu TUR001TO 560 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Tokaanu Genesis Power TOK008TO 30 N No surveillance Genesis Power Turangi TUR001TU 5,220 I(f) E.coli test Local Authority a Waihaha WAI042WA 120 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority Wairakei Resort & SH1 Dvlpmt WAI027WH 500 N (!) E.coli test Waitahanui WAI041WA 140 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Waitahanui Lodge WAI134WA 25 N E.coli test Waitahanui Lodge Waitahanui Primary School WAI075SC 60 From Sep E.coli test School BoT Whakamaru WHA011WH 180 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Whakamoenga Point WHA009WH 120 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority Whakaroa KIN001WH 91 Complied E.coli test Local Authority c Whareroa WHA010WH 420 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Windsor Lodge and Camp Ground WIN005WI 90 N No surveillance Windsor Lodge and Camp

Whakatane District Huiarau Primary School HUI003SC 80 N E.coli test School BoT Minginui MIN001MI 300 N E.coli fail Private Murupara MUR002MU 3,000 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority Ruatahuna Village RUA008RU 300 N E.coli test Local Authority Te Whaiti School TEW002SC 50 N E.coli fail School BoT

108 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Whakatane

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Kawerau District Kawerau KAW003KA 7,000 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Upper Valley Road KAW003UV 1,000 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority b

Opotiki District Hawai Camp HAW005HA 100 (200 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli fail Hikutaia, Opotiki OPO001HI 1,100 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Island View Motor Camp ISL001MC 100 (400 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli test Motor Camp Kutarere School KUT001KU 50 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Maraenui School MAR017SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test BOT Matahi School MAT027SC 40 N No surveillance School BoT Nukuhou North School NUK002SC 60 N E.coli test School BoT Ohiwa OHI002OH 240 (400 in Dec-Feb) I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority e Ohiwa Beach OHI003OB 200 I(fdi) E.coli test Ohiwa Bch Water Sup. Inc b Omaio School OMA006SC 50 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Omarumutu School OMA013SC 140 N E.coli test Board of Trustees e Opape Motor Camp OPA002OP 100 (200 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test Opape Motor Camp Opotiki Town OPO001OP 4,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Paerata East PAE005PA 60 N E.coli test Paerata West PAE004PA 80 N E.coli test Raukokore School RAU004SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit School BoT Te Kaha TEK004TE 400 E(F) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Tirohanga Camp TIR004TI 50 (0 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test Local Authority e Torere School TOR001TO 30 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Waihau Bay Park WAI108WA 200 (400 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test e Waioeka WAI141WA 150 I(fdi) E.coli test Waiotahe School WAI107SC 110 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT e Wairata School WAI140SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Whanarua Bay WHA031WH 200 (400 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test Whanarua Bay Supply Soc e Whangaparaoa - Opotiki WHA030WH 100 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test

Whakatane District Edgecumbe RAN007ED 2,500 E(F) E.coli test Local Authority Galatea School GAL002SC 200 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Matata MAT005MA 800 I(fd) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Murphy's Camp MUR006MU 100 (100 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli test Ohope WHA005OH 6,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Onepu RAN007ON 300 E(F) E.coli test Local Authority Ruatoki RUA003RU 560 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Taneatua TAN001TA 1,000 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Te Mahoe TEM004TE 120 Complied E.coli test ECNZ Te Teko RAN007TE 600 E(F) E.coli test Local Authority Thornton RAN007TH 1,000 E(F) E.coli test Local Authority Waimana WAI017WA 200 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Waiohau School WAI106SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Whakatane WHA005WH 9,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 109 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Gisborne

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Gisborne District Anaura Bay Motor Camp ANA002AN 10 I(fdi) No surveillance Anaura Bay Inc Blue Water Reserve Camping BLU002BL 10 I(fi) No surveillance Local Authority E-Tipu Kohanga Reo ETI001ET 20 N No surveillance E-Tipu Kohanga Reo Gisborne City GIS001GI 30,000 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Hangaroa School HAN004SC 25 N No surveillance School BoT Hatea-a-rangi School HAT002SC 80 N E.coli test School BoT Hiruharama Standard Block HIR002ST 40 N No surveillance School BoT Hiruharama Tapu Te Ariki Block HIR002TA 50 N No surveillance School BoT Kura Kaupapa – Waipiro Bay KUR004SC 65 N No surveillance School BoT Kura Kaupapa Nga Taonga Tuturu KUR003SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Makarika School MAK005SC 41 N E.coli fail School BoT Makauri School MAK003SC 160 I(f) No surveillance School BoT Mangatuna School MAN032SC 40 N E.coli test School BoT Mata School MAT030SC 10 N E.coli fail School BoT Matawai School MAT022SC 95 N E.coli test School BoT Motu School MOT014SC 30 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test School BoT Muriwai School MUR007SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Ngata Memorial College NGA010SC 179 I(f) E.coli test School BoT Ngatapa School NGA018SC 44 I(f) No surveillance School BoT Ormond School ORM002SC 74 N No surveillance School BoT Patutahi Play Centre PAT010PC 20 N No surveillance Play Centre Committee Patutahi School PAT007SC 59 Refused to supply data School BoT Potaka School POT001SC 20 N E.coli test School BoT Rangitukia School RAN021SC 40 N E.coli fail School BoT Rere School RER002SC 55 N No surveillance School BoT Tangatarite Kohanga Reo TAN007TA 20 N No surveillance Kohanga Reo Committee Tawhiti Kohanga Reo TAW003TA 12 N No surveillance Kohanga Reo Committee Te Araroa Holiday Park TEA006TE 10 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority Te Karaka TEK002TE 600 Complied No surveillance Local Authority e Te Karaka Primary School TEK002SC 191 E(F)AI(f) No surveillance School BoT Te Kura Kaupapa - Ngati Porou TEK015SC 125 N E.coli test School BoT Te Kura O Manutahi (School) TEK008SC 180 N E.coli test School BoT Te Pahou Kohanga Reo TEP015TE 15 N No surveillance Te Pahou Kohanga Reo Te Puia Springs Hosp & Village TEP001TE 350 Complied No surveillance Ngati Porou Hauora e Te Waha O Rerekohu School TEW004SC 115 N E.coli fail School BoT Te Whanau Pani Kohanga Reo TEW008KR 11 N No surveillance Management Committee Tikitiki School TIK003SC 86 N E.coli test School BoT Tiniroto School TIN004SC 26 N No surveillance School BoT Tolaga Bay Area School TOL001SC 250 I(f) E.coli test School BoT Tolaga Bay Motor Camp TOL002TO 10 (250 in Nov-Jan) I(fdi) No surveillance Tolaga Bay Motor Camp Waerenga-O-Kuri School WAE001SC 43 I(f) No surveillance School BoT Waiapu Kohanga Reo WAI149WA 15 N No surveillance Kohanga Committee Waikohu College Administration WAI088AD 50 N No surveillance School BoT Waikohu College North WAI088NO 50 N No surveillance School BoT Waikohu College South WAI088SO 50 N No surveillance School BoT Waimata Valley School WAI128SC 36 N E.coli test School BoT Wainui Beach School WAI089SC 224 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test School BoT Wainui Playcentre WAI139PC 25 N No surveillance Wainui Playcentre Waipaoa Station School WAI127SC 17 N E.coli fail School BoT Whakaangiangi School WHA035SC 59 N E.coli test School BoT Whakarua Kohanga Reo WHA042KR 30 N No surveillance Kohanga Committee Whangara School WHA033SC 52 N E.coli test School BoT Wharakahika Kohanga Reo WHA040KR 25 N No surveillance Management Committee Wharekahika School WHA034SC 42 N E.coli fail School BoT Whatatutu WHA004WH 200 Complied No surveillance Local Authority c

110 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Taranaki

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

New Plymouth District Ahititi Primary School AHI002SC 22 N E.coli test School BoT Bell Block NEW002BE 4,437 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Egmont Village School EGM001SC 85 Complied E.coli test School BoT Everett Road Christian Camp * EVE002EV 50 (83 in Feb-Apr) N No surveillance Everett Rd Christian Cmp Hookner Park Camp Ground HOO002HO 25 (40 in Sep-Mar) N No surveillance Huirangi Primary School HUI002SC 70 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Inglewood ING001IN 3,500 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Inglewood Golf Course ING002IN 25 N No surveillance Kaimata Primary School KAI031SC 63 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Kaimiro School KAI033SC 25 From Jun E.coli test School BoT Kaitake Golf Club KAI032KA 50 N No surveillance Lepperton NEW002LE 300 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Methanex Site MET003ME 200 I(fdi)L No surveillance Mimi Primary School MIM001SC 20 N E.coli test School BoT New Plymouth NEW002NE 35,700 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Norfolk Primary School NOR010SC 125 E(F)I(f) E.coli fail School BoT North Egmont Visitors Centre NOR009NO 25 N No surveillance DOC Oakura OAK001OA 1,300 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Okato OKA002OK 600 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Omata Primary School OMA010SC 98 N E.coli fail School BoT Patuha Farm Lodge PAT009PA 25 I(f) No surveillance Pukeiti Lodge PUK020PU 25 N No surveillance Ratapiko Primary School RAT003SC 35 N E.coli test School BoT Seventh Day Adventist School SEV001SC 35 N E.coli fail School BoT Tarata Primary School TAR004SC 5 N E.coli fail School BoT Tikorangi/Motunui TIK001TM 390 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Tongaporutu TON001TO 25 N No surveillance Communal Supply Urenui URE001UR 450 Complied No surveillance Local Authority e Uruti Primary School URU002SC 20 N E.coli fail School BoT Wai-iti Motor Camp WAI044WM 23 (450 in Dec-Mar) N No surveillance Wai-iti Motor Camp Waitara NEW002WA 7,500 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Waitoriki Primary School WAI100SC 26 N E.coli test School BoT * now called Vertical Horizons South Taranaki District Ashley Park Camp Ground ASH006AS 25 N E.coli fail Ashley Park Cape Egmont Fishing Club CAP001CA 25 N E.coli fail Cape Egmont Fishing Club Dairyland Visitor Ctr. & Cafe DAI002DA 25 N E.coli test Kiwi Dairies Ltd. Eltham ELT001EL 2,200 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority b Fraser Road School FRA002SC 25 N E.coli test School Hawera HAW003HA 9,500 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority b Hurleyville School HUR004SC 25 N E.coli fail School BoT Inaha INA001IN 500 E(F)I(d) No surveillance Local Authority d Kakaramea School KAK004SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Kaponga WAI018KA 300 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority b Kiwi Dairies, Whareroa Rd KIW004KI 1,000 I(d) No surveillance Kiwi Dairies Manaia WAI018MA 1,100 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Mokoia School MOK005SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Newall School NEW004SC 40 N E.coli fail School BoT Ngaere School NGA006NG 134 L No surveillance School BoT Ngamatapouri School NGA014SC 35 N E.coli fail School BoT Normanby HAW003NO 850 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority b Oaonui Production Station OAO003PS 75 I(fdi) No surveillance Shell Todd Oil Service Oaonui School OAO002OA 25 N E.coli fail School BoT Ohangai School OHA011SC 25 I(fdi)L E.coli fail School BoT Ohawe Beach HAW003OH 270 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority b Okaiawa HAW003OK 100 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority b

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 111 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Opunake OPU001OP 1,500 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority d Patea PAT001PA 1,400 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority e Pihama COL005PI 650 EI(d) No surveillance Local Authority d Pungarehu School PUN003SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Rahotu RAH001RA 120 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority Rawhitiroa School RAW003SC 25 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Riverlea POP001RI 50 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority Taranaki Agricultural Research TAR005TA 25 N No surveillance Te Ngutu Golf Club TEN001TE 25 N E.coli fail Golf Club Wai-inu Beach WAI021WA 300 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority Waimate West Rural WAI018RU 3,100 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority d Wairoa Beach Domain WAI020WA 170 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority Waitotora Meat Works WAI102WA 70 L No surveillance Waitotora Meat Works Waitotora School WAI101SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Warea School WAR004SC 55 N E.coli fail School BoT Waverley WAV001WA 950 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority c Waverley Golf Club WAV002WA 25 N E.coli fail Waverley Golf Club Waverley Racing Club WAV003WA 50 N E.coli fail Waverley Racing Club Whenuakura School WHE001SC 70 N E.coli test School BoT

Stratford District Dawsons Falls Cntr & Konini Lg DAW001DA 25 N No surveillance DOC Douglas DOU001DO 25 N No surveillance Community Water Board Douglas Primary School DOU002SC 22 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Huiakama School HUI001SC 31 I(f) No surveillance School BoT Makahu School MAK006SC 16 N E.coli fail School BoT Marco School MAR013SC 13 E(F)I(f) No surveillance School BoT Matau School MAT026SC 10 I(f) E.coli test School BoT Midhirst MID001MI 240 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority Pembroke Primary School PEM001SC 65 I(fdi)L E.coli test School BoT Stanley School STA005SC 36 N E.coli fail School BoT Stratford STR001ST 5,400 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Tahora School TAH006SC 25 N E.coli fail School BoT Te Wera TEW001TE 25 (80 in Dec-Mar) N No surveillance Community Water Board Toko TOK004TO 100 Complied (d) No surveillance Local Authority Toko Primary School TOK009SC 108 I(f) No surveillance School BoT

112 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Hawkes Bay

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Central Hawkes Bay District Argyll East Playcentre ARG002PL 39 N (!) No surveillance Playcentre Argyll East School ARG001SC 74 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Elsthorpe School ELS002SC 66 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Farm Road FAR001FA 130 I(fdi) FAC fail Farm Rd Water Supply Ltd Flemington School FLE001SC 85 N (!) No surveillance School BoT High Pressure Zone, Waipukurau WAI004HI 2,500 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Kairakau Beach KAI012KA 20 (500 in school hols) Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Low Pressure Zone, Waipukurau WAI004LO 666 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Mangaorapa School MAN022SC 20 N E.coli test School BoT Mixed zone, Waipukurau WAI004MI 500 Supply not used in 2001 Local Authority Omakere School OMA007SC 58 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Ongaonga Playcentre & Store ONG003ON 34 N No surveillance Ongaonga School ONG002SC 109 E(F)I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Otane Township WAI005OT 513 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Oueroa School OUE001SC 38 N No surveillance School BoT Porangahau Beach POR003PO 30 (500 in Public Holiday) Complied No surveillance Local Authority Porangahau Township POR003PT 130 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Pourerere Beach Caravan Park POU005PO 10 (200 in Public Holiday) Complied FAC test Local Authority Pukehou School PUK012SC 98 N E.coli fail School BoT Sherwood School SHE002SC 74 N No surveillance School BoT Smedley Station SME001SM 40 N No surveillance Public Trustee Takapau Township TAK001TA 570 E(F)I(fdi) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority b Te Aute College TEA004SC 320 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail School BoT Tikokino School TIK002SC 75 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Waipawa Township WAI005WA 1,809 Complied FAC test Local Authority b Wallingford School WAL002SC 24 N No surveillance School BoT

Chatham Islands District Owenga School (Chatham Is.) OWE001SC 11 N No surveillance School BoT Pitt Island School PIT001SC 15 N No surveillance School BoT Te One School (Chatham Is.) TEO001SC 84 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance School BoT

Hastings District Allen Lane/Ferry Rd, Clive CLI001AL 198 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Bridge Pa School BRI003SC 43 N No surveillance School BoT Brownrigg Agri. Home Block BRO011BR 42 (100 in Mar-May) N E.coli test Brownrigg Agri. Ltd Camp David CAM002CA 21 (175 in Sep-May) N No surveillance Christian Youth Camp CHR003CH 10 (50 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance Christian Youth Camp Chuckles Childcare Centre CHU001CH 29 N (!) No surveillance Childcare Clifton Motor Camp CLI005CL 40 (300 in Dec-Jan) I(fdi) No surveillance Motor Camp Clive Motor Camp CLI006CL 15 (50 in Dec-May) I(fdi) No surveillance Clive School CLI003SC 220 N No surveillance School BoT Crownthorpe School CRO002SC 59 N No surveillance School BoT Eskdale School ESK001SC 170 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Flaxmere HAS001FL 11,324 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Guthrie Smith Centre GUT001GU 30 (40 in Oct-Nov) I(fdi) No surveillance Private Camp Hastings HAS001HA 34,391 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Haumoana HAU002HA 800 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority b Haumoana School HAU004SC 173 N No surveillance School BoT Havelock North HAV001HA 11,623 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Hawkes Bay Hospital HAW006HO 2,000 Complied Audit Hawkes Bay Hospital Kereru School KER002SC 41 N No surveillance School BoT Lake Tutira Rest Area LAK010LA 4 (90 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Hawkes Bay Reg. Council Mangateretere School MAN033SC 123 N No surveillance School BoT Maraekakaho School MAR010SC 129 N No surveillance School BoT Maraetotara School MAR014SC 12 From Oct No surveillance School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 113 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Omahu OMA008OM 126 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Omahu School OMA009SC 63 N No surveillance School BoT Otamauri Playcentre OTA013SC 10 N No surveillance Playcentre Committee Paki Paki PAK008PA 84 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Paki Paki Bilingual School PAK009SC 204 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Pakowhai School PAK007SC 33 N No surveillance School BoT Patoka School PAT008SC 54 N No surveillance School BoT Poukawa School POU003SC 68 N No surveillance School BoT Pukehamoamoa School PUK013SC 35 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Puketapu School PUK003PU 191 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Puketitiri School PUK014SC 13 N No surveillance School BoT Putorino School PUT003SC 21 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Raukawa School RAU003SC 47 N No surveillance School BoT Rissington School RIS001SC 23 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Riverbend Centre RIV006RI 20 (250 in Oct-Jan) N No surveillance Private Riverlands Outback Adventures RIV014RI 10 (150 in Oct-Apr) N No surveillance Sherenden School SHE003SC 54 N No surveillance School BoT Stoney Creek Ranch STO002ST 20 (80 in Sep-Apr) N No surveillance Stoney Creek Ranch Tareha School TAR003SC 45 I(fd) No surveillance School BoT Te Awanga HAU002TE 1,100 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority b Te Haroto School TEH006SC 8 N No surveillance School BoT Te Hauke School TEH005SC 35 N No surveillance School BoT Te Kohanga Reo O Whakatu TEK016SC 22 N No surveillance Kohanga Reo Committee Te Pohue TEP009TE 113 I(fdi) No surveillance TKKM O NK Ki Heretaunga TKK001SC 80 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Tutira School TUT002SC 64 N No surveillance School BoT Twyford School TWY001SC 181 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Valerie St/Tuckers Lane, Clive CLI001VA 362 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Waikoau WAI152WA 55 N FAC/E.coli fail Waikoau Utility Comm. Waimarama WAI007WA 260 (1750 in Dec-Feb) Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Waipataki Beach WAI087WA 6 (185 in Dec-Feb) Complied No surveillance Local Authority Waipatu WAI135WA 30 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority Whakatu WHA029WH 337 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Whirinaki, Hawkes Bay WHI007WH 750 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority

Napier City Bayview Township BAY001BA 1,280 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Hohepa Homes School HOH001SC 52 N (!) No surveillance Hohepa Homes Trust Meeanee School MEE001SC 67 From Mar No surveillance School BoT Napier City NAP001NA 25,800 Complied E.coli test Local Authority b Taradale NAP001TA 22,100 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Ardkeen School ARD001SC 13 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT

Wairoa District Big Bush Holiday Park BIG001BI 10 (22 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Blue Bay Motor Camp BLU003BL 10 (500 in Dec-Jan) N (!) E.coli test Blue Bay Motor Camp Frasertown WAI006FR 350 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b Kokako School KOK002SC 27 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Kotemaori School KOT001SC 30 N No surveillance School BoT Lake Waikaremoana Motor Camp LAK009LA 5 (0 in Dec-Jan) Zone closed Jan 2000 DOC Mahanga Beach MAH005MA 30 (300 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Local Authority Mahia Beach Camp MAH006MA 10 (200 in Dec-Mar) N (!) E.coli test Mahia Beach Camp Mahia Beach Holiday Camp MAH009MA 10 N No surveillance Mohaka School MOH001SC 54 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Morere Hot Springs MOR004MO 20 (45 in Nov-Mar) N (!) No surveillance Morere Tearooms & Camp Ground MOR005MO 10 (40 in Dec-Jan) N (!) E.coli fail Nuhaka School NUH001SC 136 From Nov No surveillance School BoT Ohuka School OHU002SC 12 N No surveillance School BoT Opoutama School OPO002SC 50 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Putere School PUT004SC 13 N (!) No surveillance School BoT

114 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Raupunga School RAU005SC 36 N No surveillance School BoT Ruakituri School RUA006SC 25 N No surveillance School BoT Te Mahia School TEM005SC 74 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Te Reinga School TER002SC 11 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Tuai TUA005TU 300 N No surveillance Local Authority Tukemokihi School TUK002SC 11 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Turiroa School TUR004SC 95 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Wairoa WAI006WA 4,300 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Whakaki School WHA028SC 34 N No surveillance School BoT YMCA Camp Opoutama YMC001YM 10 (0 in Oct-Feb) Zone closed 1999 YMCA

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 115 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Wanganui

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Rangitikei District Bulls RNZAF Area BUL001BR 800 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Bulls Township BUL001BU 1,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Flockhouse FLO001FL 150 N FAC fail/E.coli test Agr. Research c Hunterville Township HUN001HU 400 E(F) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Lake Alice LAK001LA 240 Zone closed 2000 Good Health Wanganui d Mangaweka Township MAN001MA 250 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Marton Township MAR001MA 5,000 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Mataroa School MAT013SC 38 I(fi) E.coli test School BoT Ngamatea School NGA008SC 15 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Parewanui School PAR007SC 12 N E.coli fail School BoT Pukeokahu School PUK010SC 25 N E.coli test School BoT Rangiwaea School RAN010SC 49 N No surveillance School BoT Ratana Township RAT001RA 450 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a South Makirikiri School SOU004SC 132 N E.coli test School BoT Taihape Township TAI001TA 2,200 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Taoroa School TAO002SC 27 I(fi) E.coli test School BoT Turakina School TUR002SC 92 I(fi) E.coli test School BoT Whangaehu School WHA025SC 34 N No surveillance School BoT

Ruapehu District Irirangi Naval Station IRI001IR 10 E(F)A FAC fail/E.coli test Waiouru (Defence) e Ohakune Township OHA001OH 1500 (4000 in Jun-Aug) I(fdi)L E.coli test Local Authority d Orautoha School ORA005SC 24 N E.coli test BOT Pipiriki School PIP002SC 10 N No surveillance BOT Raetihi Township RAE001RA 1300 (2500 in Jun-Aug) I(fdi)L FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Rangataua RAN013RA 25 N E.coli fail ex-NZ Railway Turoa Skifield TUR003TU 10 (4000 in Jul-Oct) I(fdi) No surveillance Turoa Ski Resort Ltd Waiouru Township WAI002WA 2,800 I(fi) FAC/E.coli test Serco-Waiouru(Defence) a

Wanganui District Arles Wells ARL001AR 100 E(F) E.coli test Local Authority b Brunswick School BRU002SC 39 N E.coli test School BoT Brunswick-Westmere BRU001BR 450 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Fordell Township FOR001FO 350 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Green Pastures, Rapanui GRE003GR 40 (60 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli test Christian Trust Kaitoke KAI002KA 420 Complied FAC/E.coli test Dept. of Corrections Kaitoke School KAI023SC 60 N E.coli test School BoT Kaiwhaiki Pa KAI001KA 300 N E.coli test Kaiwhaiki Pa Committee Kakatahi School KAK003SC 26 N E.coli test School BoT Landguard Bluff LAN001LA 25 N FAC/E.coli test Ministry of Defence Mangamahu School MAN019SC 38 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Mosston School MOS003SC 125 N E.coli test School BoT Mowhanau Beach * MOW001MO 300 E(F)A E.coli test Local Authority b Okoia OKO002OK 25 N E.coli test Okoia Poultry Processors Okoia School OKO001SC 34 From Feb E.coli fail School BoT Otumaire Camp OTU003OT 25 (30 in Nov-Mar) N E.coli test DOC Parikino School PAR008SC 89 N No surveillance School BoT Pipiriki PIP001PI 25 N E.coli fail DOC Putiki (Airport Road) PUT002PU 120 Complied E.coli test Local Authority b Ranana School RAN011SC 30 N E.coli fail School BoT Raukawa Falls YMCA Camp RAU002RA 25 (120 in Nov-Mar) N E.coli fail YMCA Scoutlands, Wanganui SCO001SC 6 (100 in Oct-Mar) N FAC fail/E.coli test Scout Assn Upokongaro School UPO001SC 86 E(F)AI(fi) E.coli fail School BoT Wanganui Airport WAN004WA 25 N FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Wanganui City WAN001WA 41,000 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Wanganui SDA School WAN003SC 11 School closed 2000 School BoT * (now on WAN001WA)

116 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Manawatu

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Horowhenua District Foxton FOX002FO 2,700 Complied Audit Local Authority c Foxton Beach FOX003FO 1600 (2500 in Dec-Jan) Complied Audit Local Authority c Himatangi Estate HIM002HI 35 N No surveillance Himatangi Estate Koputaroa School KOP002SC 160 N E.coli test School BoT Levin LEV001LE 20,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Manakau School MAN015SC 59 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test School BoT Muhunoa East School MUH001ME 22 N E.coli fail School BoT Opiki School OPI001SC 80 N E.coli fail School BoT Poroutawhao School POR006SC 77 N E.coli fail School BoT Shannon SHA001SH 1,500 Complied Audit Local Authority a Tokomaru TOK002TO 545 Complied Audit Local Authority b

Manawatu District Apiti School API001SC 37 N No surveillance School BoT Awahou School AWA004SC 63 N E.coli test School BoT Bainesse School BAI001SC 45 N E.coli fail School BoT Bunnythorpe BUN001BU 450 E Audit Local Authority d Cheltenham KIW003CH 100 E(F)AI(d) Audit Kiwitea Rural Supp.Board Colyton School COL006SC 95 N No surveillance School BoT Feilding FEI001FE 13,000 I(di) Audit Local Authority b Glen Oroua School GLE007SC 75 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test School BoT Halcombe-Stanway HAL001HA 475 E(F)A Audit Local Authority c Highland Home Christian Camp HIG001HI 40 N No surveillance Highland Home Xn Camp Himatangi Beach HIM001HI 400 (800 in Jan-Feb) Complied Audit Local Authority c Hiwinui School HIW001SC 60 N E.coli test School BoT Kairanga School KAI017SC 135 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Kimbolton KIW003KI 115 N No surveillance Kiwitea Rural Supp.Board Kopane School KOP001SC 35 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Longburn LON001LO 240 E Audit Local Authority Longburn Adventist College LON002SC 210 I(fdi) No surveillance Adventist College Longburn ex-Freezing Works LON003LO 50 I(fi) No surveillance Food Solutions Ltd. Mainland Products, Longburn MAI004MA 25 N No surveillance Kiwi Co-op Dairies Manawatu Beef Packers MAN029MA 230 I(i) No surveillance Manawatu Beef Packers Mt Biggs Community Hall MTB001HA 70 N No surveillance School BoT Mt Biggs School MTB001SC 70 N No surveillance School BoT Newbury School NEW003SC 155 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Ohakea OHA002OH 1,000 I(d) No surveillance Serco-Ohakea(Defence) c Oroua Downs School ORO003SC 120 N E.coli test School BoT Oroua No. 1 ORO001OR 60 N No surveillance Oroua Water Scheme Inc c Poupatate Marae POU006PA 25 N No surveillance Rangi Woods Camp RAN019RA 35 N No surveillance Rangi Woods Trust Board Rangiwahia School RAN008SC 24 N No surveillance School BoT Rongotea School RON001SC 205 N E.coli test School BoT Sanitarium Hlth Foods Longburn SAN005LO 100 N No surveillance Sanitarium Hlth Foods Sanson SAN001SA 450 E(F)A Audit Local Authority d Sanson School SAN004SC 125 N No surveillance School BoT Taikorea School TAI005SC 12 N E.coli test School BoT Tangimoana D.C.U. TAN005TA 25 I(d) No surveillance Ministry of Defence Tangimoana School TAN002SC 22 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Taonui School TAO001SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Te Kawau Playcentre TEK019TE 24 N No surveillance Utuwai School UTU001SC 11 N No surveillance School BoT Waituna West WAI022WA 200 E(F)A Audit Local Authority c

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 117 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Palmerston North City Aokautere PAL001AO 2,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a Aokautere School AOK001SC 90 N E.coli test School BoT Ashhurst ASH001AS 2,800 E(F)A Audit Local Authority a Fitzherbert West PAL001FW 300 Complied Audit Local Authority a Kelvin Grove PAL001KG 3,500 Complied Audit Local Authority a Linton LIN001LI 4,300 Complied Audit SERCO-Linton(Defence) d Linton School LIN004SC 30 N E.coli test School BoT Massey University MAS001MA 12,000 Complied Audit Massey University a Palmerston North City PAL001PC 65,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a Whakarongo School WHA021SC 160 N E.coli test School BoT

Tararua District Akitio AKI001AK 30 (450 in Dec-Jan) E(F)AI(d) Audit Local Authority b (e) Awariki School AWA005SC 25 N E.coli test School BoT Ballance School BAL002SC 60 N E.coli test School BoT Dannevirke DAN001DA 6,000 I(d) Audit Local Authority b (d) DB Brewery, Mangatainoka DBB001DB 45 E(F)AI(d)L E.coli test DB Breweries Ltd. Eketahuna EKE001EK 600 E(F)AI(d) Audit Local Authority d (e) Hinemoa HIN004HI 25 N No surveillance Hinemoa Water Scheme Kohinui School KOH001SC 25 I(fdi)L E.coli test School BoT Kumeroa-Hopelands School KUM002SC 36 N E.coli test School BoT Makuri School MAK004SC 23 N E.coli test School BoT Mangamaire School MAN018SC 100 E(F)AI(fdi)L E.coli fail School BoT Mangatainoka School MAN016SC 72 I(fd)L E.coli test School BoT Matamau School MAT012SC 30 N E.coli test School BoT Motea School MOT008SC 31 N E.coli test School BoT Nireaha School NIR001SC 27 N E.coli test School BoT Norsewear Factory, Norsewood NOR011NO 40 N E.coli test Norsewear Norsewood NOR002NO 200 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority e Ormondville School ORM001SC 47 N E.coli test School BoT Pahiatua PAH001PA 2,700 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority b (e) Papatawa School PAP003SC 28 N E.coli test School BoT Pleckville PLE002PL 200 N No surveillance Pleckville Comm. Cttee Pongaroa PON001PO 100 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority b (e) Richmond Oringi Freezing Works RIC004RI 600 E(F)I(di)L No surveillance Richmond Oringi Rua Roa School RUA004SC 35 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Ruahine School RUA005SC 95 N E.coli test School BoT Weber School WEB001SC 65 N No surveillance School BoT Woodville WOO001WO 1,600 EAI(d) No surveillance Local Authority b (e)

118 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Wairarapa

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Carterton District Carterton CAR001CA 4,200 I(d) Audit Local Authority b Dalefield School DAL002SC 79 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Gladstone School GLA001SC 120 N E.coli test School BoT Taratahi Ag.Training Centre TAR006TA 100 (100 in Feb-Mar) N E.coli test Taratahi Training Centre

Masterton District Ararangi Camp ARA005AR 54 (54 in Aug-Apr) I(d) Audit Private Camp Camp Anderson CAM004CA 70 (130 in Oct-Mar) E(F)I(d) Audit Camp Anderson Castlepoint Holiday Park CAS001HO 100 (550 in Nov-Mar, I(d) Audit School Hols) Castlepoint Motels CAS001CA 30 (30 in Nov-Mar) N No surveillance Fernridge FER001FE 320 E(F)I(di) Audit Masterton MAS002MA 19,000 I(di) Audit Local Authority a Mauriceville MAU003MA 80 I(d) Audit Hautuma Lime Works Mauriceville School MAU005SC 40 N E.coli fail School BoT Miki Miki School MIK001SC 25 N E.coli fail School BoT Opaki OPA001OP 600 N E.coli fail Opaki Water Supply Assn. Opaki School OPA005SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Rathkeale College RAT005SC 350 I(d) Audit School BoT Riversdale Holiday Park RIV015RI 200 (280 in Nov-Mar, I(d) No surveillance Labour Day) Riversdale Motor Camp RIV004MC 100 (400 in Aug-Apr) I(d) Audit Taueru TAU007TA 50 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit Local Authority Tinui TIN002TI 120 I(d) Audit Local Authority Wainuioru Rural Water WAI058WA 184 I(d) E.coli test Wainuioru Rural Scheme Whakataki Hotel WHA038WH 25 (25 Nov-Mar, Public N No surveillance Unique Enterprises Ltd Hols) Whareama School WHA039SC 50 N E.coli fail School BoT

South Wairarapa District Brakenridge BRA004BR 130 N E.coli test Telfar Properties Ltd Featherston FEA001FE 2,580 I(d) Audit Local Authority Greytown GRE002GR 1,952 I(d) Audit Local Authority d Kahutara School KAH002SC 106 N E.coli test School BoT Lake Ferry Camping Ground LAK004LA 250 (250 in Nov-Apr) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Private Martinborough MAR003MA 1,505 I(d) Audit Local Authority b Pirinoa PIR004PI 80 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance Pirinoa Community South Featherston School SOU006SC 40 (95 in Feb-Dec) N E.coli test School BoT Tuturumuri School TUT003SC 29 (29 in Feb-Dec) N E.coli fail School BoT Wharekauhau Country Estate WHA045WH 60 E(F)I(di) Audit Wharekauhau Holding Ltd

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 119 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Hutt Valley

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Kapiti Coast District El Rancho Christian Camp ELR001ER 200 Complied No surveillance El Rancho Christian Camp e Firth StressCrete, Otaki FIR001FI 30 I(fdi) No surveillance Firth StressCrete Forest Lakes Camp Homestead FOR002HO 30 Complied No surveillance Forest Lakes Christian C e Forest Lakes Christian Camp FOR002FL 100 Complied No surveillance Forest Lakes Christian C e Gary Rd Water Supply GAR003GA 25 N No surveillance Gary Rd Water Cttee. Hautere HAU003HA 700 Complied Audit Local Authority a Otaki OTA003OT 4,700 Complied Audit Local Authority b Paekakariki PAE002PA 1,700 Complied Audit Local Authority a Palm Grove Christian Camp PAL003PG 100 N No surveillance Camping Ground Paraparaumu PAR001PA 22,400 Complied Audit Local Authority a Peka Peka WAI010PP 150 Complied Audit Local Authority d Riverslea Lodge RIV005RL 30 N No surveillance Riverslea Lodge e Te H2 Oro Water Supply TEH008TE 90 N No surveillance Te H2 Oro Water Co. Ltd. Waikanae WAI010WA 9,300 Complied Audit Local Authority a Waitohu OTA003WA 1,000 Complied Audit Local Authority

Porirua City Mana/Plimmerton/Paremata POR001MA 6,169 Complied Audit Local Authority b Porirua High Level POR001PH 13,364 Complied Audit Local Authority a Porirua Low Level POR001PL 16,982 Complied Audit Local Authority b Pukerua Bay POR001PU 1,781 Complied Audit Local Authority a The Lodge at the Inlet THE004TH 90 N No surveillance The Lodge at the Inlet Whitby POR001WH 8,330 Complied Audit Local Authority a

The Hutt City Brookfield Scout Camp BRO002BR 115 Complied Audit Wellington Scout Assoc. b Eastbourne LOW001EA 4,460 Complied Audit Local Authority b Haywards LOW001HA 320 Complied Audit Local Authority a Lower Hutt LOW001LO 54,500 Complied Audit Local Authority b Petone LOW001PE 7,700 Complied Audit Local Authority b Stokes Valley LOW001ST 9,200 Complied Audit Local Authority a Wainuiomata LOW001WA 18,300 Complied Audit Local Authority a

The Upper Hutt City Akatarawa Camp AKA002AK 80 E(F)A No surveillance Salvation Army e Black Stump Youth Hostel BLA006BL 25 Building closed Apr 2000 Black Stump Youth Hostel Kaitoke Country Gardens KAI035KA 90 N No surveillance Kaitoke Country Gardens Kiwi Ranch - Upper Hutt KIW002KI 150 N No surveillance Kiwi Ranch Mangaroa School MAN027SC 80 Complied Audit School BoT d (b) Pinehaven UPP001PI 3,600 Complied Audit Local Authority a Staglands STA002SW 25 I(fdi) No surveillance Staglands Wildlife Park Upper Hutt Central UPP001UP 31,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a

Wellington City Boom Rock Lodge BOO001BO 40 I(fi) Audit Papanui Station Brooklyn WEL002BR 12,400 Complied Audit Local Authority b Churton WEL002CH 2,170 Complied Audit Local Authority a Country Club Riding Acad. Café * COU002CO 10 N No surveillance Country Club Riding Acad Eastern Wellington WEL002EA 23,400 Complied E.coli test Local Authority d Johnsonville WEL002JO 18,700 Complied Audit Local Authority a Karori WEL002KA 12,600 Complied Audit Local Authority b Karori Golf Club Inc. KAR009KA 90 N E.coli fail Karori Golf Club Inc. Kelburn WEL002KE 5,660 Complied Audit Local Authority b Lazy Dog Diner, Makara Beach LAZ001LA 40 N No surveillance Lazy Dog Diner Ohariu Model School OHA012SC 15 N E.coli test School BoT

120 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Onslow WEL002ON 14,230 Complied Audit Local Authority a Southern Wellington WEL002SO 11,200 Complied Audit Local Authority b Tawa WEL002TA 13,000 Complied Audit Local Authority b Wadestown WEL002WA 6,350 Complied Audit Local Authority a Wellington Central WEL002WE 22,100 Complied E.coli test Local Authority a * now called Ohariu Valley Café

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 121 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Nelson

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Nelson City Glenwood GLE013GL 40 N E.coli fail Glenwood Water Company Hira School HIR001HS 90 N E.coli test School BoT Nelson City NEL001NE 20,000 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Stoke NEL001ST 20,000 Complied FAC test Local Authority d

Tasman District Anchorage ABE001AN 25 (180 in Oct-Apr) E(F)I(fdi) Audit DOC Appleby School APP001AS 115 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Awaroa ABE001AW 10 (50 in Dec-Feb) N Audit DOC Awaroa Lodge, Abel Tas. NP AWA007AW 30 (70 in Dec-Mar) E(F)I(fdi) Audit Awaroa Lodge Bark Bay ABE001BB 25 (150 in Oct-Apr) E(F)I(fdi) Audit DOC Brooklyn Community BRO004BR 75 Complied E.coli test Brooklyn Water Company Brooklyn School BRO001BS 90 N E.coli test School BoT Central Takaka CEN002CT 200 N E.coli test Central Takaka Water Bd Central Takaka School CEN004SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Collingwood Area School COL004CA 220 E(F) E.coli test School BoT Collingwood Motor Camp COL003CM 25 (200 in Dec-Mar) I(fdi) E.coli test Collingwood Motor Camp Dovedale Rural DOV001DO 450 E(F)A FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority Eighty Eight Valley Rural EIG001EI 200 E(F) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority Eves Vly Sawmill Carter Holt * EVE001EV 270 Complied E.coli test Carter Holt Harvey Foxhill School FOX004FS 30 School closed Golden Bay High School GOL001GB 370 Complied E.coli test School BoT Graham Downs Community GRA002GR 40 I(fdi) E.coli fail Communal Supply Hamama Rural HAM004HA 50 N E.coli fail Private Hope/Brightwater HOP001HO 2,000 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Kaiteriteri KAI015KA 300 (4500 in Dec-Feb) Complied E.coli test Local Authority Lake Rotoiti LAK013LA 50 (500 in Dec-Jan) Complied E.coli test DOC Lake Rotoiti School LAK005LR 30 Complied E.coli test School BoT Lower Moutere School LOW003LM 230 School closed Jul 2001 Lower Moutere Water Scheme LOW006LO 500 N E.coli test Lower Moutere Water Ltd Mahana School MAH002MS 65 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Mapua Ruby Bay WAI023MR 1,500 I(fdi) FAC test Local Authority a Marahau Motor Camp MAR004MM 20 (200 in summer) N E.coli test Marahau Motor Camp Motueka MOT001MO 1,200 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority d Motueka Family Service Centre MOT012MO 50 I(fdi) E.coli test Centre Owners Motueka High School MOT005MH 680 From Jun E.coli test School BoT Motueka South School MOT004MS 260 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Motupipi School MOT006MS 95 Complied E.coli test School BoT Murchison MUR001MU 680 I(fdi) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority c Ngati Rarua Atiawa Iwi Trust NGA022NG 10 (90 in Dec-May) N E.coli test Ngati Rarua Atiawa Iwi Ngatimoti School NGA005NS 70 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Ngawhatu Hospital NGA004NH 110 Complied FAC test Nelson-Marl Hlth Ser Old McDonalds Farm OLD001OL 25 (350 in Nov-Mar) N E.coli fail Old McDonalds Farm Pakawau Motor Camp PAK002PM 25 (260 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli test Pakawau Motor Camp Para Para PAR005PP 55 (120 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test Para Para Water Bd Parklands School PAR006PS 340 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Pohara POH001PV 150 (2000 in Dec-Jan) Complied FAC test Local Authority Quinneys Bush Camp QUI001QU 25 (500 in Dec-Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Quinneys Bush Camp Redwoods #1 RED001R1 180 Complied FAC test Local Authority Redwoods #2 RED001R2 370 Complied FAC test Local Authority Richmond RIC002RI 10,500 Complied E.coli test Local Authority c Riverside Community RIV008RI 75 (85 in summer) I(fdi) E.coli test Riwaka School RIW001RS 200 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Shiloh Christian Academy SHI004SH 35 N No surveillance St Peter Chanel School STP001SP 80 From Oct E.coli test School BoT Strange's Collingwood COL007ST 30 N Audit Private

122 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Takaka School TAK003TS 170 Complied E.coli test School BoT Talley's (Port Motueka) POR004TA 350 (500 in Jun-Sep) Complied Audit Talley's Fisheries Tapawera TAP003TA 400 Complied FAC test Local Authority Tasman Bay Christian School TAS003SC 65 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test Tasman Bible Church Tasman School TAS001TS 60 Complied E.coli test School BoT The Barn THE005TH 25 (120 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli test The Barn Torrent Bay Village TOR002TO 25 N Audit Local Authority Totara Ave, Pakawau TOT001TO 100 N E.coli fail Totaranui ABE001TO 10 (850 in Jan) I(fdi) Audit DOC Tui Community TUI001TU 40 (40 in Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Tui Community Tukurua TUK001TU 25 (250 in Jan) I(fdi) E.coli test Tukurua Water Bd Upper Takaka UPP002UT 50 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority Waimea Industrial WAI023WA 180 Complied Audit Local Authority a Wakefield WAK001WA 1,500 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a * Now called EcoPine

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 123 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Marlborough

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Marlborough District Aussie Bay AUS001AB 25 (25 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli fail Bellview Bay BEL002BE 168 (168 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli fail Residents Assn. Blenheim BLE001BL 20,502 Complied (d) E.coli test Local Authority b Blenheim Bridge Hol.Park BLE002BL 450 (450 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Camping Ground Brough Place, Ngakuta Bay NGA020BR 36 (36 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Brough Place Residents Bulwer Tourist Resort BUL002BU 35 (35 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli fail Bulwer Tourist Resort Camp Bay, Endeavour Inlet CAM003CA 30 (30 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance DOC Canvastown School CAN002SC 33 N E.coli test School BoT Cedarview Motel CED001CE 28 (28 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Chartridge Park CHA006CH 40 (40 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Chartridge Park Cobham Outward Bound School COB002CO 200 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli fail Cowshed Bay Camp COW001CO 60 (60 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance DOC Dashwood Rural SED001DA 100 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Local Authority e Deep Creek Camp DEE001DE 80 (80 in Dec-Mar) N E.coli test Boys Brigade Dip Flat Camp DIP002DI 200 I(fdi) E.coli test Min. of Defence Duncan Bay DUN006DU 280 (280 in Jan-Mar) N E.coli fail Duncan Bay Residents Duncannon Caravan Pk.Blenheim DUN005DU 200 (200 in Jan-Mar) N E.coli test Camping Ground DUrville Is, Wilderness Resort DUR001DU 40 (40 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Private Elaine Bay ELA001EL 25 (25 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail DOC Endeavour Resort END001EN 50 (50 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance Endeavour Resort Fairhall School * FAI003SC 180 N No surveillance School BoT French Pass Camp FRE003FR 60 (60 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test DOC French Pass School FRE002SC 15 I(fdi) E.coli fail School BoT Furneaux Lodge FUR001FU 130 (130 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance Furneaux Lodge Gem Resort GEM001GE 60 (60 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance Gem Resort Grovetown School GRO001SC 73 N E.coli test School BoT Haka Haka HAK004HA 54 (54 in Jan-Mar) N E.coli fail Haka Haka Residents Havelock HAV002HA 504 Complied (d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Kiwi Ranch, Curious Cove KIW005KI 140 (140 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance Kiwi Ranch, Curious Cove Koromiko School KOR001SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Linkwater School LIN006SC 50 N E.coli fail School BoT Lochmara Lodge LOC002LO 36 (36 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Lochmara Lodge Manuka Drive, Ngakuta Bay NGA020NG 65 (65 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Manuka Drive Residents Marfells Beach MAR015MA 150 (150 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test DOC Mistletoe Bay MIS001MI 50 (50 in Jan-Mar) N No surveillance DOC Moenui MOE001MO 56 (192 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Moenui Residents Moetapu Bay MOE002MO 25 (105 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Moutapu Bay Residents Momorangi Bay Camp MOM001MO 500 (500 in Jan-Mar) N E.coli fail DOC Nydia Bay Lodge NYD001NY 100 (100 in Jan-Mar) N E.coli fail DOC Okiwa Park OKI001OK 170 (170 in Jan-Feb) Complied (d) E.coli test Okiwa Park Water Inc. Okiwi Bay OKI003OK 120 (120 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Okiwi Bay Ratepayers Ass Okiwi Bay Holiday Park OKI002OK 70 (70 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Okiwi Bay Holiday Park Okiwi Bay Old Scheme OKI003OS 100 (100 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Okiwi Bay Ratepayers Ass Onamalutu ONA001ON 150 (150 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test DOC Pelorus Bridge PEL001PE 120 (120 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail DOC Penzance/Tuna Bay PEN002TB 180 (180 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Penzance/T.Bay Residents Picton/Waikawa PIC001PI 3,900 Complied (d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority c Pohuenui Island Lodge POH002PO 40 (40 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Pohuenui Island Lodge Portage Hotel POR007PO 150 (150 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Hotel Management Punga Cove PUN006PU 88 (88 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Punga Cove Queen Charlotte Chalets QUE002QU 25 (25 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Queen Charlotte Chalets Queen Charlotte Resort QUE003QU 60 (60 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Queen Charlotte Resort Raetihi Lodge, Double Bay RAE003RA 28 (28 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Raetihi Lodge Rai Valley School RAI004SC 184 I(fd) E.coli fail School BoT Rapaura School RAP001SC 150 N E.coli test School BoT Rarangi RAR001RA 180 From May (d) E.coli test Nth Rarangi Wat Sup. Inc

124 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Renwick REN001RE 1,550 Complied (d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority e Resolution Bay Cabins RES001RE 70 (70 in Dec-Mar) N No surveillance Resolution Bay Cabins Riverlands Industrial Estate RIV002RI 200 Complied (d) E.coli test Local Authority Riverlands School RIV010SC 237 N E.coli test School BoT Seddon,Awatere Valley SED001SE 600 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Local Authority e Smiths Farm SMI002SM 75 (75 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Smiths Farm Spring Creek Camp SPR004SP 200 (200 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Camping Ground Owners Spring Creek School SPR005SC 65 N E.coli test School BoT St Omer House STO003ST 100 (100 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance St Omer House Te Mahia Bay Resort TEM006TE 80 (80 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Te Mahia Bay Resort Te Pangu Lodge TEP010TE 20 (35 in Jan-Feb) N No surveillance Te Pangu Lodge Te Rawa, Wilson Bay TER006TE 36 (36 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Te Rawa Tennyson Inlet TEN002TE 50 (50 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail DOC Thompson Scheme OKI001TH 85 (85 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Thompson Scheme Trout Hotel, Canvastown TRO002TR 26 (26 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Trout Hotel Tuamarina School TUA006SC 100 N E.coli test School BoT Tuamarina West TUA008WE 30 I(fdi) E.coli test Tuamarina West Residents Waihopai Terraces WAI132WA 70 N E.coli test Waihopai Terraces Resid. Wairau Valley WAI034WA 125 Complied (d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Waitaria Bay School WAI077SC 25 N No surveillance School BoT Waitata Bay Lodge WAI133WA 60 (60 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Waitata Bay Lodge Wakamarina-Pinedale Camping WAK002WA 100 (100 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test Camping Ground Ward WAR003WA 250 N E.coli test Ward Community Waterfall Bay Lodge WAT001WA 25 (25 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail Waterfall Bay Lodge Whatamango Bay WHA037WH 30 (50 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli test DOC Whites Bay Camp WHI006WH 300 (300 in Jan-Feb) N E.coli fail DOC Woodbourne RNZAF Base WOO004WO 1,500 Complied (d) E.coli test Min. of Defence Wrekin, Fairhall WRE001WR 30 N E.coli fail Wrekin Residents * now connected to BLE001BL

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 125 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 West Coast

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Buller District Bayhouse Cafe, Tauranga Bay BAY005BA 50 N No surveillance Bayhouse Cafe Birchfield BIR002BI 50 N No surveillance Birchfield Carters Beach WES001CA 300 Complied Audit Local Authority a Charleston Motor Camp CHA005CH 25 N No surveillance Charleston Lodge Granity GRA001GR 100 N No surveillance Hector HEC001HE 100 N Audit Inangahua Junction INA002IN 75 N No surveillance Inangahua Junction Inangahua Junction School INA002SC 14 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Karamea Motor Camp KAR008KA 25 N No surveillance Karamea Motor Camp Karamea School KAR006SC 136 I(fi) Audit School BoT Karamea Village Hotel KAR012KA 40 N No surveillance Karamea Village Hotel Last Resort, Karamea LAS001LA 100 N No surveillance Last Resort Maruia School MAR011SC 30 I(fi) Audit School BoT Mokihinui MOK001MO 50 N Audit Local Authority e Ngakawau HEC001NG 68 N Audit d Punakaiki PUN001PU 50 (350 in Oct-Feb) Complied Audit Local Authority d (b) Punakaiki Information Centre PUN005PU 25 N No surveillance DOC Punakaiki Rocks Hotel PUN007PU 120 N No surveillance Reefton REE001RE 1,107 Complied Audit Local Authority e (c) Waimangaroa WAI001WA 200 N Audit Local Authority d Waimangaroa School WAI156WA 30 N No surveillance School BoT Westport WES001WE 5,000 Complied Audit Local Authority a

Grey District Ahaura School AHA001AH 35 N Audit Ahaura School Ahaura Township AHA001TO 160 N E.coli test Local Authority Barrytown School BAR001SC 30 N Audit School BoT Blackball BLA001BL 396 Complied Audit Local Authority b Camping Ground at Moana MOA002CA 117 N (?) No surveillance Cobden GRE001CO 1,839 Complied Audit Local Authority b Dobson TAY001DO 464 Complied Audit Local Authority c Gloriavale GLO001GL 320 N No surveillance Gloriavale Community Greymouth GRE001GM 5,676 Complied Audit Local Authority b Kaiata School KAI026SC 43 N Audit School BoT Lake Brunner Country Motel LAK016LA 50 N No surveillance L. Brunner Country Motel Lake Brunner School LAK008SC 24 N Audit School BoT Moana Hotel MOA003MO 60 N No surveillance Moana Hotel Moonlight School MOO001SC 15 N Audit School BoT Nelson Creek NEL003NE 50 N No surveillance Nelson Creek Comm.Board Ngahere School NGA011SC 32 I(f) Audit School BoT Phoenix Meat Company PHO001PH 170 E(F) No surveillance Phoenix Meat Company Rapahoe RUN001RA 102 E(F) Audit Local Authority c Rotomanu School ROT005RO 24 N Audit School BoT Runanga RUN001RU 1,337 E Audit Local Authority d Shantytown SHA003SH 50 N No surveillance Local Authority Station House Cafe, Moana STA007ST 48 N No surveillance Station House Cafe Stillwater STI001ST 122 E(F) Audit Local Authority e Taylorville TAY001TA 198 Complied Audit Local Authority b Te Kinga TEK018TE 30 N No surveillance Ellerm Norton Ltd Totara Flat School TOT002SC 48 N Audit School BoT Tramway Tavern, Taramakau TRA002TR 25 N Audit Tramway Tavern

Westland District Arahura Pa ARA001AR 85 Complied Audit Local Authority d Fox Glacier FOX001FO 235 Complied Audit Local Authority c Franz Josef FRA001FR 300 E(F)A Audit Local Authority d

126 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Franz Josef Motor Camp FRA003FR 25 N No surveillance Franz Josef Motor Camp Haast HAA001HA 80 Complied Audit Local Authority d Haast Motor Camp HAA003HA 25 N No surveillance Haast Motor Camp Haast School HAA002SC 30 I(fi) Audit School BoT Haast World Heritage Hotel HAA004HA 50 N No surveillance Haast Wld Heritage Hotel Harihari HAR001HA 387 E(F)A Audit Local Authority b (d) Hokitika HOK001HO 3,500 Complied Audit Local Authority c Jacobs River School JAC001SC 10 I(fi) Audit School BoT Kaniere HOK001KA 200 N Audit Local Authority Kokatahi Hotel KOK004KO 25 N No surveillance Kokatahi School KOK003SC 43 N Audit School BoT Kumara KUM001KU 291 E(F)A Audit Local Authority b Lake Kaniere Camp Ground LAK011LA 25 (50 in Dec-Feb) N E.coli fail DOC Lake Moeraki Wilderness Lodge LAK012LA 54 (54 in Nov-Apr) N No surveillance Lake Moeraki Lodge Lake Pub LAK017LA 80 N No surveillance McGuires Lodge MCG001MC 30 N No surveillance McGuires Lodge Okarito OKA001OK 100 N No surveillance Local Authority Otira OTI001OT 100 N No surveillance Local Authority e Ross ROS001RO 289 E(F)A Audit Local Authority d Ruatapu RUA010RU 130 N No surveillance South Westland Area School HAR001SC 116 N Audit School BoT Whataroa WHA002WH 230 E(F)A Audit Local Authority c Whataroa School WHA047SC 34 N Audit School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 127 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Canterbury

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Ashburton District Ashburton ASH003AS 15,000 From Oct E.coli test Local Authority b Ashburton Airport ASH009AS 100 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Ashburton Celtic RFC ASH010AS 150 E(F)AI(d) Audit Ashburton Celtic RFC Ashburton Golf Club ASH007GC 600 I(fdi) Audit Ashburton Golf Club Ashburton Hospital ASH005AS 200 Complied No surveillance Canterbury Health Ashburton Hotel ASH008HO 200 Complied No surveillance Carew School CAR004SC 60 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Chertsey CHE002CH 100 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority c Dorie School DOR001SC 55 I(fdi)L No surveillance School BoT Dromore DRO001DR 75 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority c Fairton FAI001FA 170 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority c Hakatere Huts HAK001HH 50 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority b Hakatere Huts - Lower Tce. HAK003HA 50 I(fdi) No surveillance Highbank Society Water Supply HIG002HI 400 Complied No surveillance Highbank Water Soc. Ltd. Hinds HIN001HI 200 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority b Kohuia Lodge KOH003KO 45 N (!) No surveillance Kohuia Lodge Lagmhor School LAG001SC 50 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Lauriston School LAU003SC 50 Complied (d) No surveillance School BoT Lismore School LIS001SC 39 N No surveillance Schol BOT Longbeach School LON004SC 86 Complied E.coli test School BoT Lowcliffe School LOW007SC 44 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Lyndhurst School LYN001SC 34 N No surveillance School BoT Mayfield MAY001MA 120 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority b Methven Township MET001ME 900 From Oct E.coli test Local Authority c Methven Youth Lodge MET004ME 25 Complied No surveillance Seventh-Day Adventist Ch Methven/Springfield MET002MS 160 From Oct E.coli test Local Authority b Montalto/Klondyke MON001MO 30 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority d Mt Hutt Ski Field MTH001MT 3500 (0 in Jun-Oct) I(d) FAC test Mt Cook Group Mt Potts Lodge MTP001MT 50 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority Mt Somers Township MTS001MS 120 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority b PPCS Fairton PPC002FA 400 L Audit PPCS Ltd Rakaia South Fishing Huts RAK004RA 100 I(d) No surveillance Rakaia Township RAK001RA 750 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority b Rangitata North Fishing Huts RAN018RA 300 Complied No surveillance The Homestead, Mt Hutt Station THE007TH 25 Complied No surveillance Mt Hutt Station Wakanui School WAK003SC 60 N No surveillance School BoT Winchmore WIN003WI 75 From Oct No surveillance Local Authority c

Banks Peninsula District Aylemers AKA001AY 900 EAI(d) Audit Local Authority Bell Bird Heights LIV001BB 36 E(F)AI(fd) Audit Living Springs Trust Birdlings Flat BIR001BI 240 I(d) Audit Local Authority Diamond Harbour Low LYT001DL 600 EAI(d) Audit Local Authority e Diamond Harbour Top LYT001DT 90 E(F)A Audit Local Authority e Duvauchelle DUV001DU 440 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority French Farm Winery FRE005FR 100 N E.coli test Governers Bay Preschool GOV001SC 40 N E.coli test Allandale Domain Board Governors Bay Low LYT001GL 390 N No surveillance Local Authority c Governors Bay Middle LYT001GM 500 EA Audit Local Authority c Governors Bay Top LYT001GT 10 N No surveillance Local Authority c L'Aube Hill AKA001LA 450 Complied Audit Local Authority Le Bons Bay School LEB001SC 14 Complied (d) E.coli test School BoT Little River LIT001LI 240 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority Little River School LIT002SC 90 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Lyttelton Low LYT001LL 180 Complied Audit Local Authority d Lyttelton Middle LYT001LM 1,380 EAI(d) Audit Local Authority e

128 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Lyttelton Top LYT001LT 570 AI(d) Audit Local Authority e Main Camp LIV001MA 180 I(fd) Audit Living Springs Trust Okains Bay OKA010OK 105 N No surveillance Okains Bay Water Cttee Outdoor Camping Centre LIV001OC 30 (80 in Jan) I(fd) Audit Living Springs Trust Pigeon Bay PIG001PI 50 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority Purau Motor Camp PUR008PU 50 (350 in Dec) E(F)I(fd) No surveillance Takamatua TAK002TA 280 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority Takamatua Valley Vineyard TAK005TA 95 N Audit The Farm Park LIV001FA 100 I(fd) Audit Living Springs Trust Wainui WAI138WA 320 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority

Christchurch City Briggston Primary School BRI002SC 91 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Brooklands BRO003BR 150 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Central Christchurch CHR001CE 175,000 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority a Christchurch Hospital CHR005CH 1,200 Complied Audit Canterbury Health Christchurch Int. Airport CHR002CI 4,150 From Sep E.coli test Chch Int. Airport Co. b Freeville Primary School FRE001SC 330 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Glenmoor Primary School GLE008SC 80 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Halswell Primary School HAL005SC 516 N (!) No surveillance BOT Hammersley Park Primary School HAM005SC 156 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Kainga KAI019KA 200 Complied E.coli test Local Authority Kings Christian School KIN004SC 31 N (!) No surveillance School Board Linwood Ave Primary School LIN005SC 350 N No surveillance School BoT Mairehau Primary School MAI001SC 372 E(F)I(d) No surveillance School BoT Marshlands Primary School MAR008SC 144 Complied (d) No surveillance School BoT McKenzie Residential School MCK001SC 29 From Apr (d) No surveillance School BoT/Board North New Brighton Pri.Sch. NOR008SC 335 N (!) No surveillance School BoT North-West Christchurch CHR001NW 70,000 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority a Ouruhia Primary School OUR001SC 90 N No surveillance School BoT Paparua Mens Prison PAP009ME 1,200 E(F) Audit Dept. of Corrections Paparua Womens Prison PAP009WO 210 E(F) Audit Dept. of Corrections Parklands CHR001PA 7,000 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Pathology Building CHR005PA 400 Complied Audit Canterbury Health Princess Margaret Hospital PRI001PM 600 From Feb Audit Canterbury DHB Riccarton CHR001RI 7,000 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Richmond Primary School RIC003SC 209 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Rocky Point CHR001RP 3,000 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Shirley Primary School SHI002SC 170 From Sep (d) No surveillance School BoT South Hornby Primary School SOU003SC 360 I(fdi) No surveillance School BoT Spencer Holiday Park SPE002SP 30 (1800 in Dec-Feb) Complied E.coli test Sunnyside Hospital SUN001SU 300 From Feb Audit Canterbury DHB Templeton Centre TEM007TE 35 N No surveillance Healthlink South Ltd. The Groynes THE006TG 150 Complied No surveillance Local Authority Wainoni Primary School WAI060SC 200 N (!) No surveillance School BoT West Christchurch CHR001WE 30,000 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority a West Spreydon Primary School WES006SC 253 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Wharenui Primary School WHA044SC 200 N (!) No surveillance School BoT Yaldhurst Primary School YAL001SC 130 N (!) No surveillance School BoT

Hurunui District Amberley Beach/Rural AMB001AR 480 (480 in Dec-Jan, Apr) I(d) Audit Local Authority d Amberley Town AMB001AT 1,200 N E.coli test Local Authority d Amuri Ski Field AMU002AM 105 (105 in Jun-Aug) N Audit Amuri Ski Club Ashley/Sefton Rural ASH002AS 3,500 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Local Authority d Balmoral Rural Water Supply BAL003BA 200 E(F)AI(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Blythe Rural Water Supply HUR002HU 50 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit Local Authority Boyle Rvr.Outdoor Ed.Centre BOY001BO 25 I(fdi) No surveillance Nth. Canty. Alpine Trust Carter Holt Harvey-Sefton CAR003CA 200 I(fdi) No surveillance Carter Holt Harvey Cheviot Town CHE001CT 700 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority d

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 129 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Culverden CUL001CU 475 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Local Authority Forest Camp HAN002FC 80 I(fdi) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Gore Bay, Port Robinson PAT005GO 300 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority Hanmer AA Camp HAN003HA 5 (100 in Dec-Jan) N FAC fail/E.coli test Automobile Assn. Hanmer Town HAN001HA 1500 (3000 Dec-Jan, Apr) I(fdi) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Hawarden/Waikari HAW001HW 750 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority b Hurunui Hotel HUR003HU 100 N E.coli test Hurunui Hotel Kaiwara KAI039KA 84 E(F)AI(di) Audit Local Authority Leithfield Beach LEI004LE 400 (1000 in Dec-Jan) I(d) E.coli test Local Authority Leithfield/Rural LEI001LE 500 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Lower Waitohi KAR005KA 300 E(F)AI(di) Audit Local Authority Motunau, Greta, Scargill MOT016MO 600 (2000 in Dec-Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Local Authority e Mt Lyford Ski Field MTL001SK 4 (600 in Jun-Aug) N No surveillance Mt Lyford Ski Field Mt Lyford Ski Village MTL001MT 40 (100 in ) N No surveillance Mt Lyford Ski Field Parnassus Rural PAR009PA 100 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit Local Authority Peaks Rural Water Supply PEA001PE 100 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit Local Authority Rotherham Township and Rural AMU001RO 400 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority Staging Post STA006ST 30 N No surveillance Staging Post Waiau Rural WAI067WA 300 E(F)AI(fd) Audit Local Authority Waiau Township WAI026WT 400 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority Waipara Riverside Park WAI137WA 300 (300 in Nov-Mar) N No surveillance Boys Brigade Waipara Springs Winery WAI083WA 10 N No surveillance Winery Waipara Township WAI068WA 220 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority Waitohi Upper, Waipara WAI066UP 400 I(fdi) Audit Local Authority

Kaikoura District Boat Harbour Camp GOO002BO 1 (100 in Oct-Apr) I(fdi) FAC fail/E.coli test DOC Clematis Grove Motel CLE002CL 100 I(fdi) E.coli fail Motel Proprietors Fernleigh Rural Water Supply FER003FE 150 I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Fyffe Country Inn FYF001FY 5 (15 in Nov-Mar) E(F)AI(fdi) Audit Goose Bay Camp GOO002GO 25 (1000 in Nov-Mar) N FAC/E.coli fail DOC Kaikoura Airport KAI038KA 5 I(fdi) Audit Kaikoura Airprt Services Kaikoura East Coast Rural KAI021EA 150 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Communal Supply Kaikoura Golf Club KAI022KA 50 I(fdi) Audit Golf Club Kaikoura Urban KAI004KU 2,000 EAI(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority e Kekerengu KEK001KE 25 N E.coli fail Kekerengu Community Kekerengu Restaurant KEK001RE 300 I(fdi) E.coli test Kekerengu Community Kincaid Rural Water Supply KIN003KI 120 E(F)I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Oaro OAR001OA 400 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority Ocean View Restaurant/Motel OCE001OC 50 I(fdi) Audit Ocean View Restaurant Omihi Reserve GOO002OM 1 (65 in Oct-Apr) N Audit DOC Paia Point GOO002PA 1 (60 in Oct-Apr) N FAC fail/E.coli test DOC Peketa Motor Camp PEK003PE 5 (1200 in Dec-Jan) I(fdi) E.coli fail Peketa Camp Peketa Village PEK002PE 100 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Local Authority Rakautara RAK002RA 50 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Rakautara Community South Bay, Kaikoura KAI004SB 500 I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Waipapa Bay Camp WAI061WA 2 (100 in Dec-Jan) E(F)AI(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority

Selwyn District Acheron SEL001AC 140 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Armack Drive, Rolleston ARM001AR 50 E(F)I(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Arthurs Pass ART002AR 250 E(F)AI(di) Audit Local Authority b Branthwaite Drive BRA003BR 60 I(di) Audit Local Authority a Broadfield School BRO005SC 39 N E.coli test School BoT Broken River Ski Club BRO010BR 150 (150 in Jun-Sep) I(fdi) No surveillance Broken River Ski Club Burnham Camp BUR001BU 1,700 E(F)AI(d) Audit Ministry of Defence d Burnham East BUR003BU 40 I(di) Audit Local Authority b Castle Hill CAS003CA 20 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Courtney COU001CO 6 Zone closed in 2000 Dalethorpe MAL001DA 75 Complied No surveillance Selwyn Works Ltd d

130 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Darfield DAR001DA 1,350 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority c Dunsandel & Sherwood Estate DUN008DU 420 E(F)AI(d) E.coli fail Local Authority b Edendale, Sandy Knolls EDE002ED 150 E(F)AI(di) No surveillance Local Authority d Flock Hill Lodge & Restuarant FLO002FL 82 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Flock Hill Station Grassmere Lodge GRA003GR 20 I(fdi) No surveillance Grassmere Lodge Greenpark School GRE005SC 67 N E.coli test School BoT Halket School HAL002SC 20 Zone closed 2000 Hororata SEL001HO 292 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Irwell IRW001IR 30 N No surveillance Irwell Residents Cttee. Johnson Rd, West Melton JOH001JO 150 E(F)AI(di) Audit Local Authority d Jowers Rd West Melton JOW001JO 75 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Kirwee KIR001KI 300 E(F)AI(di) No surveillance Local Authority a Ladbrooks Primary School LAD001SC 67 E(F)I(d) E.coli fail School BoT Lake Coleridge LAK007LA 25 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Leeston LEE001LE 1,250 I(di) Audit Local Authority a Lincoln LIN002LI 1,295 I(di) Audit Local Authority a Lincoln University LIN003LI 2,400 I(fi) Audit Lincoln University b Lower Selwyn Huts LOW005LO 28 N No surveillance DOC Malvern Hills, Hartleys Rd MAL001MA 579 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Selwyn Works Ltd d Motukarara Race Course MOT009MO 100 (2000 at race meets) N No surveillance Motukarara Race Course Mt Cheeseman Forest Lodge MTC002FO 105 N No surveillance Mt Cheesman Ski Club Inc Mt Cheeseman Top Lodge MTC002TO 400 (400 in 3 months) N No surveillance Mt Cheesman Ski Club Inc Mt Olympus Ski Accommodation MTO001AC 20 (80 in May-Sep) From Jun No surveillance Mt Olympus Ski Club Mt Olympus Ski Lodge MTO001LO 60 (60 in Jun-Sep) From Jun No surveillance Mt Olympus Ski Club Porter Heights Accommodation POR008AC 30 (30 in Jul-Sep) I(fdi) No surveillance Porter Heights Skifield POR008SK 450 (450 in Jul-Sep) I(fdi) No surveillance Prebbleton PRE001PR 500 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Rakaia Huts RAK003RA 141 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Raven Drive RAV001RA 25 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority c Rocklands ROC002RO 35 N No surveillance Rocklands Services Ltd Rolleston ROL001RO 2,000 I(di) Audit Local Authority b Rolleston Prison ROL002RO 400 From Apr No surveillance Dept. of Corrections Sheffield/Waddington SHE004SH 384 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Southbridge SOU001SO 610 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Springfield SPR002SP 105 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority d Springston SPR003SP 424 E(F)AI(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Tai Tapu TAI009TA 297 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Local Authority a Taumutu TAU011TA 25 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority c Te Pirita TEP014TE 30 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Temple Basin Skifield TEM008TE 100 (100 in Ski season) N No surveillance Temple Basin Ski Club Upper Selwyn Huts UPP005UP 40 (150 in Dec-Feb) N No surveillance Local Authority e Weedons School WEE001SC 129 N E.coli test School BoT West Melton WES010WE 200 I(di) No surveillance Local Authority b Wilderness Lodge WIL003WI 40 E(F)I(d) No surveillance Cora Lynn Station

Waimakariri District Ashley Gorge ASH004AS 40 (400 in Dec-Jan) I(fdi)L Audit Ashley Gorge Clarkville School CLA003SC 200 From May Audit School BoT Cust CUS001CU 350 E(F)AI(d)L Audit Local Authority b Eyre Lodge EYR001EY 20 (30 in Nov-Mar) N Audit Eyre Lodge Fernside FER002FE 200 I(d)L Audit Local Authority Garymere GAR001GA 50 L Audit Local Authority Glentui Camp GLE010GL 45 N No surveillance Camp Kaiapoi KAI003KA 8,600 I(f)L Audit Local Authority b Kings Avenue, Waikuku Beach WAI011KI 600 (900 in Dec-Jan) I(fdi)L Audit Local Authority b Mandalea MAN008MA 45 L Audit Local Authority Mandeville MAN009MA 650 I(fdi)L Audit Local Authority Mandeville Sports Club MAN014MA 100 N No surveillance Local Authority Ohoka OHO001OH 200 L Audit Local Authority Oxford Rural No. 1 OXF002OX 200 E(F)AL Audit Local Authority

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 131 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Oxford Rural No. 2 OXF001OR 450 L No surveillance Local Authority b Oxford Town OXF001TO 1,500 I(d)L Audit Local Authority c Pineacres Motor Park PIN002PI 50 (130 in Nov-May) N No surveillance Holiday Park Pines/Kairaki PIN001PK 650 (800 in Dec-Feb) I(fdi)L Audit Local Authority b Poyntz Road POY001PO 50 L No surveillance Local Authority Rangiora RAN001RA 12,000 I(fdi)L Audit Local Authority c Rangiora Holiday Park RAN017RA 25 (200 in Dec-Apr) N No surveillance Holiday Park Springbank CUS001SP 20 N No surveillance Local Authority * Summerhill, Nth Canterbury SUM001SU 130 E(F)L Audit Local Authority Swannanoa School SWA001SC 106 Complied Audit School BoT Tuahiwi Marae TUA009MA 300 From JulI(d) Audit Te Nga Tuahuriri Runanga Tuahiwi School TUA007SC 50 From May Audit School BoT Waikuku School WAI080SC 100 E(F)I(f) Audit School BoT West Eyreton WES004WE 70 L Audit Local Authority Woodend Beach Camping Ground WOO005WO 20 (400 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test Camping Ground Woodend Christian Camp WOO006WO 120 N Audit Camping Ground Woodend Town WOO002WO 1,200 L Audit Local Authority a * supply no longer managed by LA

132 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 South Canterbury

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Mackenzie District Albury Rural ALB001AL 125 E(F)AI(di) Audit Albury Water Committee e Allandale ALL001AL 150 I(di) Audit Local Authority Balmoral Army Camp BAL005BA 100 N No surveillance Ministry of Defence Burkes Pass BUR002BU 30 (60 in Dec-Jan) E(F)I(di) Audit Local Authority e Fairlie FAI002FA 850 I(d) Audit Local Authority e Glentanner Restaurant & Camp GLE012GL 10 (1200 in Feb) I(fdi) Audit Glentanner Park Centre Haldon Arms Camping Ground HAL004HA 20 (800 in Dec-Jan) N Audit Haldon Arms Camp Assoc Kimbell FAI002KI 150 I(di) Audit Local Authority d Mt Cook MTC001MT 500 (1700 in Nov-Dec) E(F)AI(fdi) Audit DOC Raincliff Camp RAI005RA 100 (200 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Anglican Church Tasman Airfield - Mt Cook TAS002TA 15 (1000 in Nov-Apr) N No surveillance Mt Cook Group Ltd Tekapo TEK005TE 500 (2000 in Dec-Jan) EI(di) No surveillance Local Authority d Twizel TWI001TW 1300 (2500 in Dec-Jan) E(F)AI(di) Audit Local Authority e

Timaru District Anchor Products Timaru ANC002AN 350 From Aug Audit Anchor Products Ltd Arowhenua ARO002AO 150 N E.coli test Te Runanga Arowhenua Arowhenua Marae ARO002AR 216 N Audit Te Runanga Arowhenua Barkers Fruit Processors BAR002BA 100 N Audit Clandeboye School CLA004SC 35 I(fdi) Audit School BoT Farmyard Holiday Park, Orari FAR002FA 300 N Audit Geraldine GER001GE 2,121 Complied Audit Local Authority e Geraldine Flat TEM002GF 200 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority e Glenburn Camp GLE016GL 60 (150 in Jan-Mar) N Audit Glenburn Camp Trustees Mesopotamia Station and School * MES001ME 6 N No surveillance Mesopotamia Station Milford School MIL004SC 46 N Audit School BoT Mt Gay Homestead MTG001MT 2 N No surveillance Mt Gay Homestead Oasis Tearooms, Rangitata OAS001OA 20 (100 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance Oasis Tearooms Orari ORA001OR 180 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority d Pareora PAR002PA 480 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority b Pareora Freezing Works PPC003PA 400 I(di)L Audit PPCS Ltd Peel Forest PEE001PF 130 E(F) Audit Local Authority b Peel Forest Camping Ground PEE002PE 5 (100 in Dec-Jan) N No surveillance DOC Peel Forest Outdoor Pursuit C. PEE003PE 25 N No surveillance Peel Forest Outdoor Pur. Pleasant Point PLE001PP 1,200 Complied Audit Local Authority e Rangitata Huts RAN003RH 400 (500 in Oct-Apr) E(F)A No surveillance Local Authority d Rangitata Rafts RAN020RA 20 N No surveillance Wakari Hills Station Rangitata, Outside Inn RAN023RA 50 (100 in Dec-Jan) N Audit Seadown SEA001SE 750 Complied No surveillance Local Authority b St Andrews STA004ST 240 Complied No surveillance Downlands Ctte,Timaru DC Sutherlands/Taiko DOW001ST 3,800 Complied No surveillance Downlands Ctte,Timaru DC c Te Moana TEM002TE 1,000 E(F)I(i) Audit Local Authority b Temuka TEM001TE 3,984 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Timaru TIM001TI 26,832 Complied No surveillance Local Authority a Waihi School WAI121SC 100 N Audit School BoT Waitohi/Totara Valley DOW001WT 700 E(F) No surveillance Downlands Ctte,Timaru DC e Winchester WIN002WI 260 Complied No surveillance Local Authority c Woodbury, The Crossing Lodge WOO010WO 100 N No surveillance * School closed Dec 2001 Waimate District Cannington/Motukaika CAN001CM 120 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority e Cattle Creek CAT001CA 20 N No surveillance Local Authority Gunns Bush Camp GUN001GU 115 N No surveillance Methodist Church of NZ Hakataramea HAK002HA 265 N No surveillance Local Authority e Hook/Waituna HOO001HW 1,200 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority d Lindisfarne Camp LIN007LI 60 N E.coli fail Presbyterian Church Tr.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 133 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Lower Waihao LOW002LO 430 E No surveillance Local Authority e Otaio/Makikihi OTA005OM 400 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority d Te Akatarawa Camping Ground TEA008TE 10 (3000 in Oct-Jan, Apr) N Audit Local Authority Upper Waihao UPP004UP 20 N No surveillance Local Authority Waihaorunga WAI031WA 150 E(F) No surveillance Local Authority e Waikakahi WAI032WA 450 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Waimate WAI033WA 3,000 Complied No surveillance Local Authority e Waitangi Reserve Camp Ground WAI120WA 10 (3000 in Oct-Apr) N No surveillance Local Authority

134 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Otago

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Central Otago District Alexandra ALE001AL 5000 (7000 in Dec-Feb) I(fi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Bannockburn CRO001BA 400 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Becks Hotel BEC002BE 25 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Becks Hotel Becks School BEC001BE 26 School closed (22/9/2000) School BoT Bridge Tavern Millers Flat BRI001BR 27 I(fdi) E.coli fail Bridge Tavern Millers Fl Chatto Creek Tavern CHA002CC 25 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Chatto Creek Tavern Clyde Township CLY001CL 800 E FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Cromwell CRO001CR 2,930 Complied FAC test/E.coli fail Local Authority d Danseys Pass Coach Inn DAN003DP 30 I(fdi) E.coli fail Danseys Pass Coach Inn Ettrick Rural ETT001ET 40 E(F)AI(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority * Hort. Research, Clyde CLY003HR 20 N (?) E.coli test Hort & Food Industry Lauder Tavern LAU002LA 25 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail Lauder Tavern Millers Flat Camping Ground MIL002MF 60 (500 in summer) I(fdi) E.coli fail Millers Flat Camp Ground Millers Flat School MIL003MF 48 N (!) E.coli test School BoT Naseby NAS001NA 400 (1000 in Dec-Feb) E E.coli test Local Authority NIWA, Lauder LAU001NI 12 N E.coli test NIWA Omakau OMA005OM 350 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Ophir OMA005OP 50 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Oturehua School OTU001OT 13 School closed (31/12/1997) School BoT Oturehua Tavern OTU002OT 25 I(fdi) E.coli fail Oturehua Tavern Paerau School PAE003PA 10 N (!) E.coli fail School BoT Patearoa PAT003PA 60 E(F) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Poolburn Hotel POO002PO 25 (0 in Dec-Jan) I(fdi) E.coli test Poolburn Hotel Poolburn School POO001PO 39 N (!) E.coli fail School BoT Ranfurly RAN002RA 1,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Ripponvale CRO001RI 30 Complied No surveillance Local Authority d Roxburgh ROX001RO 700 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Roxburgh Hydro ROX002RH 200 Complied FAC fail/E.coli test Electricorp Production Shingle Creek Tavern SHI001SC 25 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Shingle Creek Tavern Tarras School TAR002TA 27 N (!) E.coli test School BoT Vulcan Hotel VUL001VU 25 I(fdi) E.coli fail St Bathans Water Supply Waipiata Tavern WAI053WA 25 I(fdi) E.coli test Waipiata Tavern Wedderburn Tavern WED001WE 25 I(fdi) E.coli fail Wedderburn Tavern * supply no longer managed by LA Clutha District Balclutha BAL001BA 4,150 EAI(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Balmoral 1 WAI016B1 321 I(fd) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority c Balmoral 2 WAI016B2 235 E(F)AI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority b Beaumont Hotel BEA002BE 25 N FAC/E.coli fail Beaumont Hotel Beaumont Hotel Bar BEA002BA 25 N E.coli fail Beaumont Hotel Black Gully Camping Ground BLA003BG 30 (0 in Dec-Apr) N E.coli fail Black Gully Camp. Ground Blue Mountain Lumber BLU001BM 200 E(F)I(fdi) FAC fail/E.coli test Blue Mt. Lumber Clinton POM001CL 390 E(F)AI(d) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority c Clinton - Waipahi Holdings CLI004CL 20 (20 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli test Clinton-Waipahi Holdings Clinton-Waipahi Amenities Bldg CLI004AM 20 N E.coli test Clinton-Waipahi Holdings Clydevale Private CLY004PR 75 N E.coli fail Private Clydevale Rural CLY002CL 112 E(F)AI(d) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority c Glenkenich GLE001GK 750 E(F)AI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority c Kaitangata KAI005KA 864 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Kaka Point SOU002KP 208 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Keswick Park Family Camp Grnd. KES001KE 25 (25 in Dec-Apr) N E.coli test Pounawea Convention Tr. Lawrence Township LAW001LT 513 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Livingstonia Park LIV002LI 25 (0 in Dec-Apr) N E.coli test Local Authority Livingstonia Park Tank LIV002TK 25 (0 in Dec-Apr) N E.coli test Local Authority Mainholm Lodge MAI003MA 8 N E.coli fail Private McLean Falls MCL002MC 30 (97 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail DOC

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 135 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Milton Town MIL001MT 2,000 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Moa Flat Rural MOA001MF 451 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a North Bruce Rural NOR003NB 610 EI(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a North Richardson Rural NOR004NO 198 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Nugget Point NUG001NU 30 (207 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail DOC Otago Cheese Company, Stirling OTA012OT 75 (75 in Aug-May) I(d)L FAC/E.coli test Cheese Company Owaka OWA001OW 411 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Local Authority e Papatowai - Picnic Point PAP008PA 25 (0 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail DOC Papatowai Motor Camp PAP002PM 25 (150 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail Papatowai Motor Camp Papatowai Motor Camp Kitchen PAP002KI 25 (150 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail Papatowai Motor Camp Pomahaka Rural POM001PR 315 E(F)AI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Pounawea Camp Ground POU001PC 30 (0 in Dec-Jan) N E.coli fail Local Authority Pounawea Christian Conv. Cntr. POU004PO 170 (170 in Dec-Apr) N E.coli fail Pounawea Convention Tr. PPCS Finegand PPC001PP 1100 (1100 in Nov-Jul) L FAC/E.coli test PPCS Finegand Purakanui Bay Scenic Reserve PUR006PB 30 (30 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail DOC Purakanui Falls PUR007PU 25 (160 in Oct-Apr) N E.coli fail DOC Raes Junction Hotel RAE002RJ 30 N E.coli fail Raes Junction Hotel South Bruce STI002SB 194 I(d) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority a South Richardson Rural SOU002PU 440 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Stirling Township STI002ST 331 E(F)AI(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Tahakopa TAH005TA 30 (30 Dec-Jan, Easter) N E.coli test Town Scheme Tahakopa School TAH004SC 25 From Aug E.coli test School BoT Taieri Beach School TAI014SC 40 I(f) E.coli test School BoT Taieri Mouth Camping Ground TAI004TM 25 (25 in Oct-Feb) N FAC fail/E.coli test Private Taieri Mouth CG Tank TAI004TK 25 (25 in Oct-Feb) N E.coli test Private Tapanui TAP001TA 795 EAI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Tautuku OEC TAU023TA 70 N E.coli fail Otago Youth Advent.Trust Tautuku OEC Tank TAU023TK 70 N E.coli test Otago Youth Advent.Trust Tawanui Camping Ground TAW002TC 30 (30 in Oct-Jan, Apr) N E.coli fail DOC Tuapeka West TUA004TW 250 E(F)AI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority c Waihola Township NOR003WT 330 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Waipori Falls Hydro Village WAI055WF 22 N FAC test/E.coli fail Private Wangaloa KAI005WA 42 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority a Willsher Bay Rec. Reserve WIL001WI 25 N Audit DOC

Dunedin City Booth Road, Dunedin DUN001BO 30,826 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Clarks Junction Hotel CLA002CJ 25 N FAC fail/E.coli test Clarks Junction Hotel East Taieri * MOS001ET 1,100 I(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority e Green Island DUN001GI 6,409 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Hindon HIN003HI 25 N E.coli fail Local Authority Lee Stream School LEE002LS 55 I(fi) E.coli fail School BoT Low Levels/Peninsula, Dunedin DUN001LL 33,728 I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Maori Hill DUN001MH 12,441 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Mosgiel MOS001MO 8,100 I(di) E.coli test Local Authority e North Taieri Rural NOR005NT 15 N E.coli fail North Taieri Rural Orokonui Rest Home/Holiday Par ORO002OR 80 N FAC/E.coli fail Orokonui Rest Home Outram Township OUT001OU 844 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Port Chalmers DUN001PC 2,469 I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Purakanui School PUR005PU 30 N E.coli test School BoT Rocklands/Shannon/Pukerangi ROC001RO 40 N FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Ross Creek, Dunedin # DUN001RC 6,600 N FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Seacliff Ψ WAI015SE 100 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority e Speights Public Water Supply SPE001SP 450 Complied E.coli test Lion Nathan Strath-Taieri School STR002ST 90 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Waikouaiti/Karitane WAI015WK 1,500 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Waiora Scout Camp WAI052WA 35 N FAC/E.coli test Scout Camp Association Waitati Township WAI014WA 555 E(F)I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority e Warrington Township WAR002WA 1,700 EAI(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority e West Taieri Scheme WES002WE 450 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority e

136 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Wingatui, Dunedin DUN001WI 3,293 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Wyllies Crossing School WYL001WC 25 I(d) E.coli test School BoT * amalgamated with MOS001MO in Dec 2000 Ψ Amalgamated with WAI015WK # amalgamated with DUN001LL 2000 Jan’02 Waitaki District Awamoko AWA001AW 160 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Benmore Wildlife Reserve BEN001BE 30 (60 in Oct-Mar) I(fdi) E.coli test Electricorp Production Danseys Camp DAN002DA 30 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Danseys Camp Dunback Rural DUN002DU 270 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Dunrobin DUN003DU 54 E(F)AI(d) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority Duntroon DUN004DU 140 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority Enfield ENF001EN 450 I(di) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Falstone Camp-Lake Benmore FAL001FA 30 (30 in Oct-Mar) E(F)AI(fdI) E.coli fail Local Authority Five Forks School FIV001FI 50 Complied E.coli test School BoT Glenburn Park GLE004GL 30 (40 in Oct-Mar) I(fdi) E.coli test Glenburn Park Goodwood GOO001GO 400 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Hampden HAM002HA 315 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Herbert HER001HE 470 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Kakanui KAK001KA 500 EI(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Kauru Hill KAU001KA 180 I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Kurow Township KUR001KU 450 (550 in Dec-Jan) I(d) E.coli test Local Authority c Lake Ohau C Powerstation/Camp LAK006LA 30 (31 in Oct-Mar) I(fdi) E.coli test Electricorp Production Lower Waitaki LOW004LO 360 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Macraes Flat, Stanley's Hotel MAC004MA 40 I(fdi) E.coli test Stanley's Hotel Macraes Mine MAC001MA 80 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Macraes Moonlight School MAC002MA 30 E(F)I(d) E.coli test School BoT Maheno MAH001MA 280 I(d) E.coli test Maheno Bowling Club Makareao Lime Works MAK002MA 25 E(F)I(d) E.coli test Moeraki HAM002MO 510 E(F)I(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority c North End Oamaru OAM001NE 5,000 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Ohau Alpine Village OHA005OH 40 E(F)AI(di) E.coli fail Local Authority Ohau Lodge OHA006OH 50 E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Ohau Ski Field OHA007OH 100 (100 in Jul-Sep) E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance Omarama Town OMA001OM 453 (1000 in Jan-Feb) I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Otekaieke Rural OTE002OT 30 E(F)AI(d) E.coli fail Local Authority Otematata Hydro Village OTE001OT 490 (550 in Dec-Jan) E(F)AI(di) E.coli test Local Authority e Palmerston Town PAL002PA 800 EI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority a Parsons Rock Camp PAR004PA 100 (100 in Oct-Mar) E(F)AI(fdI) E.coli fail Local Authority Pukeuri PUK004PU 120 (550 in Nov-May) I(d) FAC/E.coli test Alliance Freezing Co. Reidston REI001RE 110 E(F)AI(d) E.coli test Reidston Water Supply Reservoir Road, Oamaru OAM001RR 900 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Sailors Cutting Camp SAI001SA 100 (100 in Oct-Mar) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Local Authority South Hill, Oamaru OAM001SH 4,587 I(d) E.coli test Local Authority d Stoneburn STO001ST 80 E(F)I(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority Tokarahi/Livingstone TOK003TL 600 EI(d) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority d Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reserve WAI039WA 10 (150 in Oct-Mar) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reser Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp WAI040WA 10 (100 in Oct-Mar) E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp Weston WES003WE 1,750 EI(d) E.coli test Local Authority a Windsor WIN004WI 180 I(di) FAC fail/E.coli test Local Authority

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 137 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Southland

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade

Gore District East Gore GOR001EA 1,665 Complied No surveillance Local Authority c Kaiwera KAI010KA 60 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Mataura MAT002MA 2,000 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority d Otama OTA004OT 300 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Otikerama OTI002OT 150 Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority West Gore GOR001WE 6,700 I(f) No surveillance Local Authority c

Invercargill City Bluff INV001BL 2,956 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority c Clifton School CLI002SC 90 connected to INV001IN 1999 Local Authority Invercargill City INV001IN 47,500 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority a Myross Bush School MYR001SC 96 N (?) E.coli test School BoT NZAS Tiwai Point NZA001NZ 900 L E.coli test NZ Aluminium Smelters Otatara School OTA009SC 280 N (?) No surveillance School BoT Tisbury School * TIS001SC 69 N No surveillance Local Authority West Plains School WES009SC 47 N (?) E.coli test School BoT * now supplied by INV001IN Queenstown Lakes District Albert Town WAN002AL 250 (700 in 26/12-10/1) Complied E.coli test Local Authority a Arrowtown ARR001AR 1400 (4000 in 26/12-10/1) Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Arthurs Point ART001AP 300 (1000 in 26/12-10/1) Complied E.coli fail Local Authority Dalefield DAL003DA 300 N E.coli test Dalefield Water Sup. Inc Glendhu Bay Motor Camp GLE014GL 500 N E.coli fail Local Authority Glenorchy GLE003GL 200 (200 in 26/12-10/1) Complied E.coli test Local Authority Hawea HAW002HA 400 (1200 in 26/12-10/1) Complied E.coli test Local Authority b Hawea Flat School HAW004SC 50 N E.coli test School BoT Kelvin Heights QUE001KE 2500 (5000 in 26/12-10/1) Complied FAC/E.coli test Local Authority b Lake Hayes LAK003LH 300 (300 in 26/12-10/1) Complied E.coli test Local Authority Luggate LUG001LU 125 (300 in 26/12-5/1) Complied E.coli test Local Authority Makarora School MAK007SC 16 N (?) No surveillance School BoT Makarora Tourist Centre MAK008MA 150 I(fdi) No surveillance Makarora Tourist Centre Pleasant Lodge Holiday Park PLE003PL 400 N E.coli fail Queenstown QUE001QU 8000 (16000 26/12-10/1) I(f) E.coli test Local Authority b Wanaka WAN002WA 2750 (11000 26/12-10/1) E.coli test Local Authority b

Southland District Alliance Lorneville ALL002LO 1,400 N No surveillance Alliance Group Ltd Alliance Makarewa ALL003MA 70 N No surveillance Alliance Group Ltd Blackmount School BLA004SC 17 E(F)A E.coli fail School BoT Borland Lodge BOR001BO 24 N E.coli fail Sthld Yth Advent. Trust Brydone School BRY002SC 11 E(F)A E.coli fail School BoT Dacre School DAC001SC 36 Complied E.coli test School BoT Dipton Primary School DIP001SC 82 E(F) E.coli fail School BoT Drummond School DRU002SC 37 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Eastern Bush EAS002EB 100 N FAC test/E.coli fail Local Authority Edendale EDE001ED 500 N E.coli fail Local Authority Five Rivers School FIV002SC 26 E(F)AI(f) E.coli fail School BoT Garston School GAR002SC 25 Complied E.coli test School BoT Glenham School GLE009SC 32 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT Gorge Road School GOR002SC 73 Complied E.coli test School BoT Halfmoon Bay School HAL003SC 30 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Heddon Bush School HED001SC 39 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Hedgehope School HED002SC 39 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Hillside Primary School HIL001SC 56 N (?) E.coli fail School BoT Isla Bank School ISL002SC 33 N (?) E.coli fail School BoT Limehills School LIM001SC 135 I(fdi) E.coli test School BoT

138 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance Water Supplier Grade Lochiel School LOC001SC 95 Complied E.coli fail School BoT Lumsden LUM001LU 950 I(fdi) No surveillance Local Authority c Lumsden/Balfour Rural LUM001BA 187 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority c Manapouri MAN006MA 240 I(d) E.coli fail Local Authority Mararoa School MAR009SC 60 N (?) E.coli fail School BoT Menzies College, Wyndham MEN001SC 450 E(F) No surveillance School BoT Mokoreta School MOK004SC 13 N E.coli test School BoT Monowai Village MON002MO 27 N (?) FAC test/E.coli fail Powernet Mossburn MOS002MO 274 I(d) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority Mossburn Camping Ground MOS004MO 5 (15 in Jan) N E.coli fail Local Authority Nightcaps OHA009NI 342 I(d) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority c Ohai OHA009OH 399 I(d) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority c Orawia ORA003OR 20 N No surveillance Local Authority Orepuki School ORE002SC 31 E(F) E.coli fail School BoT Oreti Plains School ORE003SC 68 Complied E.coli test School BoT Otahu Flat EAS002OF 100 N No surveillance Local Authority Otapiri School OTA010SC 16 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Otautau OTA001OT 729 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority d Rimu School RIM001SC 136 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Riversdale School RIV009SC 119 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Riverton RIV001RI 1,656 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority c Te Anau TEA002TE 1,857 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail Local Authority d Te Tipua School TET001SC 57 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Thornbury School THO001SC 41 N (?) E.coli fail School BoT Tokanui School TOK007SC 82 N (?) E.coli fail School BoT Tuatapere TUA001TU 681 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli test Local Authority c Tuturau School TUT001SC 45 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Waianawa School WAI078SC 80 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Waikaia School WAI076SC 45 E(F)A E.coli test School BoT Waimahaka School WAI070SC 37 N E.coli test School BoT Wairio OHA009WA 80 I(d) No surveillance Local Authority c Wallacetown School WAL001SC 41 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Winton WIN001WI 2,100 I(fdi) E.coli fail Local Authority c Woodlands School WOO003SC 82 N (?) E.coli test School BoT Wyndham Primary School WYN001SC 140 N (?) E.coli test School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 139 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 5: Zone compliance transgression allowance

No. of Min. no. of No. of Min. no. of No. of Min. no. of No. of Min. no. of samples samples samples samples samples samples samples samples with needed to with needed to with needed to with needed to E. coli comply E. coli comply E. coli comply E. coli comply 1 77 26 705 51 1270 76 1821 2 109 27 728 52 1293 77 1843 3 139 28 751 53 1315 78 1865 4 167 29 774 54 1337 79 1886 5 194 30 797 55 1359 80 1908 6 221 31 820 56 1381 81 1930 7 247 32 843 57 1404 82 1952 8 273 33 866 58 1426 83 1973 9 299 34 889 59 1448 84 1995 10 324 35 911 60 1470 85 2017 11 349 36 934 61 1492 86 2039 12 373 37 957 62 1514 87 2060 13 398 38 979 63 1536 88 2082 14 422 39 1002 64 1558 89 2104 15 446 40 1024 65 1580 90 2126 16 470 41 1047 66 1602 91 2147 17 494 42 1069 67 1624 92 2169 18 518 43 1092 68 1646 93 2191 19 542 44 1114 69 1668 94 2212 20 565 45 1137 70 1690 95 2234 21 589 46 1159 71 1712 96 2255 22 612 47 1181 72 1734 97 2277 23 636 48 1204 73 1755 98 2299 24 659 49 1226 74 1777 99 2320 25 682 50 1248 75 1799 100 2342

This table is a more complete version of that given in Section 3.2.2 of the DWSNZ:2000. It is expected to be included in the forthcoming revision of the drinking-water standards.

140 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 6: Anomalies between microbiological quality and grading

Zone Code Zone Name Water Supplier Population Grade Compliance *

Auckland District HIB002WA Waiwera Rodney District Council 330 a Inadequate sampling

Waikato District HAU001KE Hauraki Plains, Kerepehi Hauraki District Council 2200 b E.coli fail (1/34) HAU001WE Hauraki Plains West Hauraki District Council 2200 b E.coli fail (1/48) HAH001HA Hahei, Harsant Subdivision Thames Coromandel D.C. 66 (400) b E.coli fail (14/124) PAU001PA Pauanui Thames Coromandel D.C. 1020 (12,410) b E.coli fail (2/53) WAI012WC Waitomo Caves Waitomo Caves Ltd 500 b E.coli fail (2/39) PIO001PI Piopio Waitomo District Council 500 a E.coli fail (1/38)

Tauranga District WES011TK Tanners Point Western Bay of Plenty D.C. 150 b Inadequate sampling

Whakatane District KAW003KA Kawerau Kawerau District Council 7000 a Inad. corrective action KAW003UV Upper Valley Road Kawerau District Council 1000 b Inad. corrective action OHI003OB Ohiwa Beach Ohiwa Bch Water Sup. Inc 200 b Inadequate sampling MAT005MA Matata Whakatane District Council 800 a Inadequate sampling RUA003RU Ruatoki Whakatane District Council 560 a Inadequate sampling TAN001TA Taneatua Whakatane District Council 1000 a Inadequate sampling

Rotorua District TUR001TU Turangi Taupo District Council 5220 a Inadequate sampling

Hawkes Bay District TAK001TA Takapau Township Central Hawkes Bay D.C 570 b E.coli fail (1/51) HAU002HA Haumoana Hastings District Council 800 b Inadequate sampling HAU002TE Te Awanga Hastings District Council 1100 b Inadequate sampling

Wanganui District WAI002WA Waiouru Township Ministry of Defence 2800 a Inadequate sampling ARL001AR Arles Wells Wanganui District Council 100 b E.coli fail (1/23) MOW001MO Mowhanau Beach Wanganui District Council 300 b Inad. corrective action

Manawatu District ASH001AS Ashhurst Palmerston North City Council 2800 a Inad. corrective action AKI001AK Akitio Tararua District Council 30 (450) b Inad. corrective action PON001PO Pongaroa Tararua District Council 100 b Inad. corrective action WOO001WO Woodville Tararua District Council 1600 b Inad. corrective action

Nelson District WAI023MR Mapua Ruby Bay Tasman District Council 1500 a Inadequate sampling

West Coast District HAR001HA Harihari Westland District Council 387 b Inad. corrective action KUM001KU Kumara Westland District Council 291 b Inad. corrective action

Canterbury District HAN001HA Hanmer Town Hurunui District Council 1500 (3000) a Inadequate sampling LEI001LE Leithfield/Rural Hurunui District Council 500 a Inad. corrective action LIN003LI Lincoln University Lincoln University 2400 b Inadequate sampling ARM001AR Armack Drive, Rolleston Selwyn District Council 50 b E.coli fail (1/12) ART002AR Arthurs Pass Selwyn District Council 250 b Inad. corrective action DUN008DU Dunsandel & Sherwood Estate Selwyn District Council 420 b Inad. corrective action

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 141 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Code Zone Name Water Supplier Population Grade Compliance *

KIR001KI Kirwee Selwyn District Council 300 a Inad. corrective action SPR003SP Springston Selwyn District Council 424 b Inad. corrective action TAI009TA Tai Tapu Selwyn District Council 297 a Inad. corrective action CUS001CU Cust Waimakariri District Council 350 b Inad. corrective action KAI003KA Kaiapoi Waimakariri District Council 8600 b Inadequate sampling OXF001OR Oxford Rural No. 2 Waimakariri District Council 450 b Non-registered lab. PIN001PK Pines/Kairaki Waimakariri District Council 650 (800) b Inadequate sampling WAI011KI Kings Avenue, Waikuku Beach Waimakariri District Council 600 (900) b Inadequate sampling WOO002WO Woodend Town Waimakariri District Council 1200 a Non-registered lab.

South Canterbury District PAR002PA Pareora Timaru District Council 480 b E.coli fail (1/17) PEE001PF Peel Forest Timaru District Council 130 b E.coli fail (1/16) TEM002TE Te Moana Timaru District Council 1000 b E.coli fail (2/64)

Otago District BAL001BA Balclutha Clutha District Council 4150 b Inad. corrective action KAI005KA Kaitangata Clutha District Council 864 b Inadequate sampling SOU002PU South Richardson Rural Clutha District Council 440 a Inadequate sampling STI002ST Stirling Township Clutha District Council 331 a Inad. corrective action WAI016B2 Balmoral 2 Clutha District Council 235 b Inad. corrective action

Southland District QUE001QU Queenstown Queenstown Lakes Dist. Council 8000 (16,000) b Inadequate sampling WAN002WA Wanaka Queenstown Lakes Dist. Council 2750 (11,000) b Inadequate sampling * Where supplies did not comply for more than one reason, the most serious is given.

The zone grades shown in Appendix 6 were obtained from WINZ on 13 December 2000. Zones that have been regraded since then but before this report goes to press also show the present grade in brackets.

142 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 7: Ministry of Health register of recognised water- testing laboratories

The following list contains all laboratories that were recognised by the Ministry of Health for compliance testing of drinking-water as at June 2002. A current listing can be obtained from IANZ (tel. 09-525 6655).

AgriQuality Environmental* Wellington AgriQuality Laboratory Network, Dairy and Food Laboratory Auckland Alpha Biologicals Ltd. Auckland Amdel NZ Ltd Auckland Analytical Research Laboratories Napier Aqualab Auckland Ashburton District Council Ashburton Cawthron Institute Nelson Chemsearch – Dep’t of Chemistry, University of Otago * Dunedin Christchurch City Council, Waste Management Laboratory Christchurch CitiLab Dunedin CRL Energy Greymouth Dargaville Hospital Dargaville Envirohealth Hamilton Envirolab Geotest Ltd Auckland Envirolink Laboratory Ltd Christchurch Environment Bay of Plenty Whakatane Environment Canterbury Christchurch Environment Canterbury Timaru Envirolab South Invercargill Environmental Laboratory Services Ltd Lower Hutt ESR, Mt. Albert Science Centre Auckland ESR, Christchurch Science Centre Christchurch Food & Health Standards NZ Ltd Christchurch, Food & Health Standards NZ Ltd Te Awamutu Food Scientific Hamilton Hamilton City Council Hamilton Hill Laboratories * Hamilton Hydro-Technologies Ltd Laboratory Gisborne Impact Services Kaikohe Invercargill City Council, Clifton Laboratory Invercargill Kapiti Coast District Council Paraparaumu Kerson Laboratory Services Hastings Mainland Products Ltd, Meadow Fresh Division Christchurch Masterton Hospital Laboratory Masterton McMillan Laboratory Services Southbridge Medlab Timaru Timaru MicroAquaTech* Palmerston North Microbiology Consulting and Technical Services Johnsonville MLS Envirolab Invercargill Napier City Council Napier Palmerston North City Council Palmerston North Rodney District Council Orewa Rotorua District Council, Environmental Laboratory Rotorua Sealord Group Ltd Nelson

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 143 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 SGS NZ Ltd, Food and Environment Laboratories * Auckland Taupo District Council Laboratory Taupo Tauranga District Council Laboratory Tauranga Waimakariri District Council Rangiora Wairoa District Council Wairoa Watercare Services Ltd, Laboratory Services Auckland Wellington Pathology Ltd, Biostandards Division Wellington Wellington Regional Council Wellington Westroads Ltd Hokitika Whangarei District Council Whangarei Works Infrastructure Levin Works Infrastructure Warkworth * Laboratories not registered for bacteriological compliance testing.

Laboratories seeking to be included on the register should contact IANZ (tel. 09-525 6655).

144 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 8: Anomalies between monitoring and surveillance results

Distribution Zone Zone Code Water Supplier FAC surveillance E.coli Grade surveillance

Northland District Bream Bay BRE001BR Whangarei District Council FAC test (4/14) E.coli test (0/4) b Glinks Gully GLI001GL Kaipara District Council FAC test (2/6) E.coli test (0/1) e Haruru Falls PAI001HA Far North District Council FAC test (2/2) E.coli test (0/3) d Kerikeri KER001KE Far North District Council FAC test (2/11) E.coli test (0/4) d Ngawha Springs KAI006NG Far North District Council FAC test (1/4) E.coli test (0/2) d Okaihau OKA003OK Far North District Council FAC test (2/8) E.coli test (0/5) e Opua PAI001OP Far North District Council FAC test (3/3) E.coli test (0/4) d Waitangi Resort Hotel WAI050WR Waitangi Resort Hotel FAC test (3/3) E.coli test (0/4)

Waikato District Aotearoa Road,Arohena ARO001AO Otorohanga District Council FAC test (2/2) Pukerimu Rural PUK001PU Waipa District Council FAC test (3/3) a Ranginui RAN006RA Otorohanga District Council FAC test (2/2) Tihiroa TIH001TI Otorohanga District Council FAC test (1/2) b

Rotorua District Mihi MIH001MI Rotorua District Council FAC test (2/8) E.coli test (0/2) b Rotoma ROT002RO Rotorua District Council FAC test (2/6) E.coli test (0/2) a Waikite Hotpool Complex WAI030WA Rotorua District Council FAC test (2/3) E.coli test (0/2)

Wanganui District Marton Township MAR001MA Rangitikei District Council FAC test (1/2) E.coli test (0/2) a Okoia School OKO001SC School BoT E.coli test (1/1) *

Nelson District Hope/Brightwater HOP001HO Tasman District Council FAC test (4/5) E.coli test (0/4) a Nelson City NEL001NE Nelson City Council FAC test (1/26) E.coli test (0/1) d Wakefield WAK001WA Tasman District Council FAC test (2/5) E.coli test (0/2) a

Marlborough District Picton/Waikawa PIC001PI Marlborough District Council FAC test (1/15) E.coli test (0/15) c

Otago District Bannockburn CRO001BA Central Otago Distr. Council FAC test (1/1) E.coli test (0/2) Cromwell CRO001CR Central Otago Distr. Council FAC test (0/1) E.coli test (2/2) * d Omakau OMA005OM Central Otago Distr. Council FAC test (1/1) E.coli test (0/2) Ophir OMA005OP Central Otago Distr. Council FAC test (1/1) E.coli test (0/2) Roxburgh Hydro ROX002RH Electricorp Production FAC test (1/1) E.coli test (0/2)

Southland District Arthurs Point ART001AP Queenstown Lakes District E.coli test (1/2) * Council Lochiel School LOC001SC School BoT E.coli test (1/2) * Notes: Boldface zone codes indicate the zones that were also listed in this category last year. Numbers in brackets represent (the number of positive tests / the number of samples tested in 2001). # low FAC does not indicate a transgression that affects-compliance but is indicative of a potential water quality problem. * indicates the zones in which E. coli were detected by surveillance but not by monitoring.

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 145 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 9: School drinking-water supplies

Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier

Northland Ahipara School AHI001SC 70 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Aranga School ARA006SC 40 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Arapohue School ARA007SC 104 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Awanui School AWA008SC 80 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT Awarua School AWA009SC 50 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail 2/7 School BoT Broadwood Area School BRO007SC 200 From Sep E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Glenbervie School GLE011SC 190 Complied No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Helena Bay School HEL002SC 20 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Herekino School HER002SC 50 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Horeke School HOR003SC 35 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Hukerenui School HUK001HU 150 N No surveillance - School BoT Kaeo Primary School WHA026KP 100 N No surveillance - School BoT Kaihu School KAI028SC 40 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Kaingaroa School KAI027SC 200 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Kaiwaka School KAI029SC 170 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/9 School BoT Karetu School KAR007SC 55 N No surveillance - School BoT Kaurihohore School KAU004SC 130 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Kohukohu School KOH002SC 60 I(fi) E.coli test 0/6 School BoT Kokopu School KOK001SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/9 School BoT Kura o Hato Hohepa Te Kamura KUR005KU 34 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Mangakahia Area School MAN007MA 250 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/9 School BoT Mangamuka School MAN024SC 40 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Mangawhai Beach School MAN025SC 50 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Mangonui School MAN005SC 160 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail 6/11 School BoT Maromaku School MAR012SC 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Matakohe School MAT025SC 75 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/4 School BoT Matarau School MAT007MA 190 I(fdi) E.coli fail 1/4 School BoT Matauri Bay Primary School MAT032SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli fail 1/3 School BoT Matawaia School MAT024SC 25 N No surveillance - School BoT Matihetihe School MAT023SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Motatau School MOT011SC 60 N No surveillance - School BoT Nga Tau E Toru Kohunga Reo NGA017SC 30 N E.coli fail 1/1 Kohanga Committee Ngaiotonga School NGA013SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Ngataki School NGA012SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance 1/3 School BoT Ngunguru School NGU002NG 165 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Ohaeawai School OHA010OH 125 N No surveillance - School BoT Omanaia School OMA003SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Orauta School ORA004SC 30 N No surveillance - School BoT Oromahoe School ORO005SC 95 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Oruaiti School ORU001SC 85 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail 4/10 School BoT Oruawharo School ORU002SC 30 N No surveillance - School BoT Oturu School OTU004SC 95 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/4 School BoT Pakaraka School PAK005PS 70 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/10 Local Authority Pakotai School PAK001PA 40 I(fdi) E.coli fail 1/4 School BoT Pamapuria School PAM001SC 180 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/6 School BoT Paparoa School PAP005SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Paparore School PAP006SC 60 N No surveillance - School BoT Peria School PER001SC 95 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Pompallier College POM002PO 480 E(F)A No surveillance 1/11 School BoT Pouto School POU002SC 40 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Pukenui School PUK016SC 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Pukepoto School PUK015SC 130 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 2/7 School BoT Punaruku School PUN002PS 90 N E.coli test 0/1 Punaruku School BoT Purua School PUR001PU 40 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Russell School RUS005SC 130 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT

146 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Taipa Area School TAI008SC 480 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Taipuha School TAI010SC 20 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Tangiteroria School TAN003SC 60 Complied No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Tangowahine School TAN004SC 50 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Tauraroa Area School TAU005TA 480 E(F)A No surveillance 1/11 School BoT Tautoro School TAU008TA 40 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Te Hapua School TEH007SC 40 N No surveillance - School BoT Te Horo School TEH002TE 74 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/6 School BoT Te Kopuru School TEK009SC 160 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Te Kura O Hata Maria TEK010SC 40 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Te Kura O Rangiawhia TEK013SC 60 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Te Kura O Te Rangi Aniwaniwa TEK012SC 95 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Te Kura Taumata O Panguru TEK011SC 170 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail 2/3 School BoT Te Tii School TET002SC 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Tinopai School TIN003SC 50 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Totara North School TOT003SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Towai School TOW001SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Umawera School UMA001SC 42 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Waiharara School WAI094SC 40 N No surveillance - School BoT Waikare School WAI093SC 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Waima School WAI063SC 80 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance 1/1 School BoT Waiomio School WAI092SC 30 N No surveillance - School BoT Waiotira School WAI095SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail 2/7 School BoT Whananaki School WHA008WH 40 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Whangaroa College WHA026SC 225 I(fi) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT

Auckland Ahuroa School AHU002SC 24 N Audit - School BoT Aka Aka Primary School AKA003SC 55 I(fdi) Audit 0/6 School BoT Ararimu School Zone A (rain) ARA009SA 100 I(fdi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Ararimu School Zone B (Bore) ARA009SB 100 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit 3/4 School BoT Ardmore School ARD003SC 260 N Audit - School BoT Awhitu School AWH001SC 100 N Audit - School BoT Beachlands School BEA001BE 400 N Audit - School BoT Brookby School BRO008SC 60 E(F)A Audit 4/15 School BoT Clevedon Primary School CLE001CP 290 E(F)A Audit 5/19 School BoT Coatesville School COA002SC 198 E(F)AI(f) Audit 5/10 School BoT Dairy Flat School DAI001DF 270 I(fdi)L Audit 0/2 School BoT Felix Donelly College FEL001SC 60 N (?) Audit - School BoT Glen Murray School GLE006GM 25 I(fi) Audit 0/6 School BoT Glenbrook Primary School GLE005GP 250 E(F)AI(fi) Audit 3/9 School BoT Happy Rainbow Primary School HAP001SC 52 N Audit - School BoT Harrisville School HAR002SC 130 N Audit - School BoT Huapai School HUA001SC 360 I(fdi) Audit 0/2 School BoT Hunua School HUN005SC 145 E(F)A Audit 3/13 School BoT Kaiaua School KAI030SC 65 I(fdi) Audit 0/8 School BoT Kaipara Flats Primary School KAI016KF 240 E(F)AI(f) Audit 1/11 School BoT Kaitoki Primary School KAI036SC 80 N (?) Audit - School BoT Karaka School KAR004KA 170 Complied Audit 0/12 School BoT Kaukapakapa School KAU003SC 200 N Audit - School BoT Kings Coll Ahuroa Venture Camp KIN007SC 40 N Audit - School BoT Leigh Primary School LEI003LE 102 I(fi) Audit 0/5 Leigh Fisheries Mahurangi Christian School MAH008SC 60 N (?) Audit - School BoT Mangatawhiri School MAN011MA 91 E(F) Audit 1/12 School BoT Maraetai Beach School MAR006MA 230 Complied Audit 0/12 School BoT Matakana Primary School MAT011MA 350 I(fdi) Audit 0/2 School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone A MAU004SA 50 N Audit - School BoT Mauku Primary School Zone B MAU004SB 50 N Audit - School BoT Mercer School MER003SC 35 N Audit - School BoT Mulberry Grove School MUL001SC 50 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 147 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Naike School NAI001NA 23 I(fdi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Okiwi School OKI004SC 50 N Audit - School BoT Onewhero District School ONE003ON 300 I(fi) Audit 0/6 School BoT Orere School ORE004SC 60 E(F)AI(fi) Audit 2/8 School BoT Otaua Primary School OTA006OP 120 I(fdi)L Audit 0/1 School BoT Paerata School PAE006SC 130 N Audit - School BoT Pakiri Primary School PAK011SC 25 E(F)I(fdi) Audit 1/2 School BoT Paparimu Primary School PAP007SC 148 I(fdi) Audit 0/1 School BoT Pollok School Zone A POL001SA 50 N Audit - School BoT Pollok School Zone B POL001SB 50 N Audit - School BoT Pukekawa School PUK007PU 148 Complied Audit 0/12 School BoT Pukekohe East School PUK018SC 115 N Audit - School BoT Pukeoware School PUK017SC 160 I(fdi) Audit 0/2 School BoT Ramarama School RAM001RA 165 E(F)A Audit 1/12 School BoT Riverhead School RIV011SC 142 E(F)AI(fi) Audit 3/11 School BoT St Stephens School STS001SS 170 N (?) Audit - School BoT Tapora Primary School TAP004TA 65 N Audit - School BoT Tauhoa Primary School TAU010TA 45 N (!) Audit - School BoT Taupaki School TAU013SC 240 N Audit - School BoT Te Hihi Primary School TEH003TH 260 I(fi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Te Huruhi School WAI098TE 600 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit 2/11 School BoT Te Kohanga School TEK007TK 110 E(F)AI(f) Audit 4/9 School BoT Tomorata Primary School TOM001TO 65 I(fi) Audit 0/5 School BoT Waiau Pa School WAI096SC 340 I(fdi) Audit 0/2 School BoT Waiheke High School WAI098SC 550 I(fdi) Audit 0/11 School BoT Waikaretu Sch. Drink Fountains WAI051WA 46 N Audit - School BoT Waikaretu School Classrooms WAI051CL 25 N Audit - School BoT Waimauku School WAI085SC 543 I(fdi) Audit 0/8 School BoT Wainui School WAI099SC 200 N Audit - School BoT Waioneke School WAI086SC 50 N (!) Audit - School BoT Waipipi School WAI097SC 145 I(fdi) Audit 0/3 School BoT Waitoki School WAI084SC 97 N Audit - School BoT Wesley College WES005WC 500 I(fi) Audit 0/11 School BoT Whitford Pre-School WHI004SC 80 N Audit - Pre-School Managers Woodhill School WOO007SC 40 N (!) Audit - School BoT

Waikato Aria School ARI001SC 45 N No surveillance - School BoT Arorangi School ARO003SC 46 I(fi) Audit 0/7 Colville School COL008SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance 6/9 Colville Water Trust Elstow School ELS001SC 150 I(fi) E.coli test 0/9 School BoT Glen Massey School GLE015SC 85 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Goodwood School GOO003SC 245 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Hamilton Christian School HAM007SC 190 N No surveillance - School BoT Hangataki School HAN005SC 60 N No surveillance - School BoT Hautapu School HAU007SC 191 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Hauturu School HAU006SC 26 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Hoe-O-Tainui School HOE001SC 37 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test 5/12 School BoT Hora Hora School HOR006SC 92 I(fi) No surveillance 0/9 School BoT Horsham Downs School and Hall HOR005SC 450 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 2/8 School BoT Kaihere School KAI024SC 66 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Kaitieke School KAI037SC 11 N No surveillance - School BoT Karapiro School KAR011SC 103 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Kennedy Bay School KEN003SC 35 N No surveillance - School BoT Kereone School KER003SC 62 I(fi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Kinohaku School KIN005SC 22 E(F) No surveillance 1/12 School BoT Kio Kio School KIO001SC 143 From Aug No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Kirikau School KIR002SC 15 N No surveillance - School BoT Kiwitahi School KIW006SC 42 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test 2/5 School BoT Korakonui School KOR003SC 192 I(fi) No surveillance 0/8 School BoT

148 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Lichfield School LIC002SC 180 From MarI(d) Audit 0/11 School BoT Mahoenui School MAH007SC 16 E(F)A No surveillance 7/12 School BoT Maihihi School MAI006SC 80 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Maipu School MAI007SC 12 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 1/4 School BoT Manawaru School MAN035SC 74 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Mangateparu School MAN034SC 44 I(f) Audit 0/10 School BoT Maramarua School MAR018SC 85 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Matiere School MAT036SC 50 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Motumaoho School & Community MOT015SC 100 I(f) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT Ngahinapouri School NGA024SC 250 I(f) No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Ngakonui School NGA025SC 130 N No surveillance - School BoT Ngapuke School NGA028SC 30 N No surveillance - School BoT Ngarua Primary School NGA021SC 17 N No surveillance - School BoT Ngutunui School NGU003SC 72 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Ohinewai School OHI004SC 82 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 3/5 School BoT Okoroire School OKO003SC 39 I(fi) Audit 0/6 School BoT Ongarue School ONG001SC 30 E(F)A No surveillance 12/12 School BoT Oparau School OPA003SC 14 E(F) No surveillance 1/12 School BoT Oparure School OPA004SC 30 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Orini Combined School ORI001SC 120 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Otewa School OTE005SC 135 N No surveillance - School BoT Otunui School OTU006SC 9 N No surveillance - School BoT Parawera School PAR014SC 54 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Paterangi School PAT006SC 110 Complied No surveillance 0/11 School BoT Piripiri School PIR003SC 13 N No surveillance - School BoT Pokuru School POK002SC 150 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Puahue School PUA001SC 143 E(F)I(f) No surveillance 2/11 School BoT Pukeatua School PUK022SC 140 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Pukemiro School PUK023SC 35 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Puketurua School PUK021SC 60 E(F)I(fi) Audit 1/8 School BoT Rangitoto School RAN022SC 32 N No surveillance - School BoT Richmond Downs Primary School RIC005SC 42 I(fi) Audit 0/7 School BoT Rotokauri School ROT010SC 194 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Ruawaro Combined School RUA009SC 54 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Rukahia School RUK001SC 81 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Springdale School School SPR006SC 64 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Tapapa School TAP005SC 48 N No surveillance - School BoT Tatuanui School TAT001SC 87 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Tauhei School TAU017SC 83 E(F)I(f) E.coli test 2/11 School BoT Tauwhare School TAU022SC 110 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Te Akau School TEA010SC 58 N No surveillance - School BoT Te Kowhai School TEK020SC 190 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Te Kura O Ngati Haua School TEK017SC 45 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 1/2 School BoT Te Mata School TEM010SC 60 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 1/3 School BoT Te Miro School TEM009SC 65 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Te Pahu School TEP016SC 150 E(F) No surveillance 1/12 School BoT Te Puninga School TEP004SC 35 I(fdi) Audit 0/1 School BoT Te Uku School TEU001SC 150 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Te Waotu School TEW007SC 90 E(F)I(fi) Audit 3/10 Local Authority Tokirima School TOK011SC 7 N No surveillance - Waerenga School WAE002SC 85 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Waikato Waldorf School WAI145SC 100 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 1/3 School BoT Waikokowai School WAI146SC 32 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Waimata School WAI147SC 100 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Waimiha School WAI064SC 21 I(f) No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Waingaro School WAI151SC 23 E(F)I(fdi) No surveillance 1/6 School BoT Waiterimu School WAI150SC 25 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Waitetuna School WAI155SC 40 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Walton Primary School WAL003WA 90 E(F) Audit 2/11 School BoT Wardville Primary School WAR005SC 90 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 149 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Wharepapa South School WHA041SC 33 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Whatawhata School WHA046SC 93 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Whitehall School WHI009SC 51 Complied No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Whitikahu School WHI008SC 50 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT

Tauranga Kaimai School KAI018SC 77 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT Matakana Island School MAT020SC 40 N No surveillance - School BoT O Te Ora Camp OTE004OT 35 supply not used in 2001 Otumoetai College Oropi School ORO004SC 121 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Otamarakau School OTA007SC 70 N E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Pongakawa School PON002SC 240 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/12 School BoT Pukehina School PUK008SC 80 N E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Pyes Pa School PYE001SC 150 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/6 School BoT Rangiuru School RAN009SC 29 N E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Rataroa Lodge-College Camp RAT002SC 30 N (?) No surveillance - School BoT Te Ranga School TER001SC 25 N E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Whakamarama School WHA023SC 76 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT

Rotorua Horohoro School HOR002SC 52 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Huiarau Primary School HUI003SC 80 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Kuratau Primary School KUR002SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/6 Local Trust Marotiri School MAR016SC 120 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Mokai Primary School MOK003SC 35 School closed - School BoT Ngakuru School NGA007SC 90 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/8 School BoT Rangitaiki Primary School RAN016SC 60 From Apr E.coli test 0/15 School BoT Rerewhakaaitu School RER001SC 120 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT St Pauls Tihoi Venture School STP004SC 100 N E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Tauranga/Taupo School TAU012SC 95 From Jul No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Te Whaiti School TEW002SC 50 N E.coli fail 2/3 School BoT Upper Atiamuri School UPP003SC 52 N No surveillance - School BoT Waikite Valley School WAI056SC 98 I(f) E.coli fail 1/14 School BoT Waiotapu School Camp WAI029WA 50 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/8 School Camp Trust Waitahanui Primary School WAI075SC 60 From Sep E.coli test 0/8 School BoT Whangamarino School WHA022SC 130 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/12 School BoT

Whakatane Galatea School GAL002SC 200 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/9 School BoT Kutarere School KUT001KU 50 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/12 School BoT Maraenui School MAR017SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/12 School BoT Matahi School MAT027SC 40 N No surveillance - School BoT Nukuhou North School NUK002SC 60 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Omaio School OMA006SC 50 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 2/6 School BoT Omarumutu School OMA013SC 140 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Raukokore School RAU004SC 40 E(F)AI(fdi) Audit 1/10 School BoT Torere School TOR001TO 30 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/11 School BoT Waiohau School WAI106SC 40 N E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Waiotahe School WAI107SC 110 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/11 School BoT Wairata School WAI140SC 30 N No surveillance - School BoT

Gisborne E-Tipu Kohanga Reo ETI001ET 20 N No surveillance - E-Tipu Kohanga Reo Hangaroa School HAN004SC 25 N No surveillance - School BoT Hatea-a-rangi School HAT002SC 80 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Hiruharama Standard Block HIR002ST 40 N No surveillance - School BoT Hiruharama Tapu Te Ariki Block HIR002TA 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Kura Kaupapa - Waipiro Bay KUR004SC 65 N No surveillance - School BoT Kura Kaupapa Nga Taonga Tuturu KUR003SC 50 N E.coli test - School BoT Makarika School MAK005SC 41 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT

150 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Makauri School MAK003SC 160 I(f) No surveillance 0/10 School BoT Mangatuna School MAN032SC 40 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Mata School MAT030SC 10 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Matawai School MAT022SC 95 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Motu School MOT014SC 30 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test 2/11 School BoT Muriwai School MUR007SC 35 N No surveillance - School BoT Ngata Memorial College NGA010SC 179 I(f) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT Ngatapa School NGA018SC 44 I(f) No surveillance 0/9 School BoT Ormond School ORM002SC 74 N No surveillance - School BoT Patutahi Play Centre PAT010PC 20 N No surveillance - Play Centre Committee Patutahi School PAT007SC 59 Refused to supply data School BoT Potaka School POT001SC 20 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Rangitukia School RAN021SC 40 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Rere School RER002SC 55 N No surveillance - School BoT Tangatarite Kohanga Reo TAN007TA 20 N No surveillance - Kohanga Committee Te Karaka Primary School TEK002SC 191 E(F)AI(f) No surveillance 1/10 School BoT Te Kura Kaupapa - Ngati Porou TEK015SC 125 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Te Kura O Manutahi (School) TEK008SC 180 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Te Waha O Rerekohu School TEW004SC 115 N E.coli fail 2/2 School BoT Te Whanau Pani Kohanga Reo TEW008KR 11 N No surveillance - Kohanga Committee Tikitiki School TIK003SC 86 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Tiniroto School TIN004SC 26 N No surveillance - School BoT Tolaga Bay Area School TOL001SC 250 I(f) E.coli test 0/11 School BoT Waerenga-O-Kuri School WAE001SC 43 I(f) No surveillance 0/10 School BoT Waiapu Kohanga Reo WAI149WA 15 N No surveillance - Kohanga Committee Waikohu College Administration WAI088AD 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Waikohu College North WAI088NO 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Waikohu College South WAI088SO 50 N No surveillance - School BoT Waimata Valley School WAI128SC 36 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Wainui Beach School WAI089SC 224 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test 3/11 School BoT Waipaoa Station School WAI127SC 17 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Whakaangiangi School WHA035SC 59 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Whakarua Kohanga Reo WHA042KR 30 N No surveillance - Kohanga Committee Whangara School WHA033SC 52 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Wharakahika Kohanga Reo WHA040KR 25 N No surveillance - Kohanga Committee Wharekahika School WHA034SC 42 N E.coli fail 2/2 School BoT

Taranaki Ahititi Primary School AHI002SC 22 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Douglas Primary School DOU002SC 22 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/2 School BoT Egmont Village School EGM001SC 85 Complied E.coli test 0/13 School BoT Fraser Road School FRA002SC 25 N E.coli test 0/3 School Huiakama School HUI001SC 31 I(f) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Huirangi Primary School HUI002SC 70 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Hurleyville School HUR004SC 25 N E.coli fail 2/3 School BoT Kaimata Primary School KAI031SC 63 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Kaimiro School KAI033SC 25 From Jun E.coli test 2/13 School BoT Kakaramea School KAK004SC 50 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Makahu School MAK006SC 16 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Marco School MAR013SC 13 E(F)I(f) No surveillance 1/6 School BoT Matau School MAT026SC 10 I(f) E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Mimi Primary School MIM001SC 20 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Mokoia School MOK005SC 50 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Newall School NEW004SC 40 N E.coli fail 1/3 School BoT Ngaere School NGA006NG 134 L No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Ngamatapouri School NGA014SC 35 N E.coli fail 2/2 School BoT Norfolk Primary School NOR010SC 125 E(F)I(f) E.coli fail 2/4 School BoT Oaonui School OAO002OA 25 N E.coli fail 2/2 School BoT Ohangai School OHA011SC 25 I(fdi)L E.coli fail 1/4 School BoT Omata Primary School OMA010SC 98 N E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 151 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Pembroke Primary School PEM001SC 65 I(fdi)L E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Pungarehu School PUN003SC 50 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Ratapiko Primary School RAT003SC 35 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Rawhitiroa School RAW003SC 25 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Seventh Day Adventist School SEV001SC 35 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Stanley School STA005SC 36 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Tahora School TAH006SC 25 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Tarata Primary School TAR004SC 5 N E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Toko Primary School TOK009SC 108 I(f) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Uruti Primary School URU002SC 20 N E.coli fail 2/3 School BoT Waitoriki Primary School WAI100SC 26 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Waitotora School WAI101SC 50 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Warea School WAR004SC 55 N E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Whenuakura School WHE001SC 70 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT

Hawkes Bay Ardkeen School ARD001SC 13 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Argyll East School ARG001SC 74 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Bridge Pa School BRI003SC 43 N No surveillance - School BoT Clive School CLI003SC 220 N No surveillance - School BoT Crownthorpe School CRO002SC 59 N No surveillance - School BoT Elsthorpe School ELS002SC 66 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Eskdale School ESK001SC 170 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/5 School BoT Flemington School FLE001SC 85 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Haumoana School HAU004SC 173 N No surveillance - School BoT Hohepa Homes School HOH001SC 52 N (!) No surveillance - Hohepa Homes Trust Kereru School KER002SC 41 N No surveillance - School BoT Kokako School KOK002SC 27 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Kotemaori School KOT001SC 30 N No surveillance - School BoT Mangaorapa School MAN022SC 20 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Mangateretere School MAN033SC 123 N No surveillance - School BoT Maraekakaho School MAR010SC 129 N No surveillance - School BoT Maraetotara School MAR014SC 12 From Oct No surveillance 0/13 School BoT Meeanee School MEE001SC 67 From Mar No surveillance 0/10 School BoT Mohaka School MOH001SC 54 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Nuhaka School NUH001SC 136 From Nov No surveillance 0/13 School BoT Ohuka School OHU002SC 12 N No surveillance - School BoT Omahu School OMA009SC 63 N No surveillance - School BoT Omakere School OMA007SC 58 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Ongaonga School ONG002SC 109 E(F)I(fdi)L No surveillance 1/3 School BoT Opoutama School OPO002SC 50 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Oueroa School OUE001SC 38 N No surveillance - School BoT Owenga School (Chatham Is.) OWE001SC 11 N No surveillance - School BoT Paki Paki Bilingual School PAK009SC 204 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Pakowhai School PAK007SC 33 N No surveillance - School BoT Patoka School PAT008SC 54 N No surveillance - School BoT Pitt Island School PIT001SC 15 N No surveillance - School BoT Poukawa School POU003SC 68 N No surveillance - School BoT Pukehamoamoa School PUK013SC 35 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Pukehou School PUK012SC 98 N E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Puketapu School PUK003PU 191 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Puketitiri School PUK014SC 13 N No surveillance - School BoT Putere School PUT004SC 13 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Putorino School PUT003SC 21 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Raukawa School RAU003SC 47 N No surveillance - School BoT Raupunga School RAU005SC 36 N No surveillance - School BoT Rissington School RIS001SC 23 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Ruakituri School RUA006SC 25 N No surveillance - School BoT Sherenden School SHE003SC 54 N No surveillance - School BoT Sherwood School SHE002SC 74 N No surveillance - School BoT

152 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Tareha School TAR003SC 45 I(fd) No surveillance 0/3 School BoT Te Aute College TEA004SC 320 I(fdi) FAC/E.coli fail 7/15 School BoT Te Haroto School TEH006SC 8 N No surveillance - School BoT Te Hauke School TEH005SC 35 N No surveillance - School BoT Te Kohanga Reo O Whakatu TEK016SC 22 N No surveillance - Kohanga Committee Te Mahia School TEM005SC 74 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Te One School (Chatham Is.) TEO001SC 84 E(F)AI(fdi) No surveillance 4/9 School BoT Te Reinga School TER002SC 11 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Tikokino School TIK002SC 75 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/1 School BoT TKKM O NK Ki Heretaunga TKK001SC 80 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Tukemokihi School TUK002SC 11 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/2 School BoT Turiroa School TUR004SC 95 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Tutira School TUT002SC 64 N No surveillance - School BoT Twyford School TWY001SC 181 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Wallingford School WAL002SC 24 N No surveillance - School BoT Whakaki School WHA028SC 34 N No surveillance - School BoT

Wanganui Brunswick School BRU002SC 39 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Kaitoke School KAI023SC 60 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Kakatahi School KAK003SC 26 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Mangamahu School MAN019SC 38 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 3/4 School BoT Mataroa School MAT013SC 38 I(fi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Mosston School MOS003SC 125 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Ngamatea School NGA008SC 15 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Okoia School OKO001SC 34 From Feb E.coli fail 1/12 School BoT Orautoha School ORA005SC 24 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Parewanui School PAR007SC 12 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Parikino School PAR008SC 89 N No surveillance - School BoT Pipiriki School PIP002SC 10 N No surveillance - School BoT Pukeokahu School PUK010SC 25 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Ranana School RAN011SC 30 N E.coli fail 2/3 School BoT Rangiwaea School RAN010SC 49 N No surveillance - School BoT South Makirikiri School SOU004SC 132 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Taoroa School TAO002SC 27 I(fi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Turakina School TUR002SC 92 I(fi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Upokongaro School UPO001SC 86 E(F)AI(fi) E.coli fail 2/8 School BoT Whangaehu School WHA025SC 34 N No surveillance - School BoT

Manawatu Aokautere School AOK001SC 90 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Apiti School API001SC 37 N No surveillance - School BoT Awahou School AWA004SC 63 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Awariki School AWA005SC 25 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Bainesse School BAI001SC 45 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Ballance School BAL002SC 60 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Colyton School COL006SC 95 N No surveillance - School BoT Glen Oroua School GLE007SC 75 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test 1/10 School BoT Hiwinui School HIW001SC 60 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Kairanga School KAI017SC 135 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Kohinui School KOH001SC 25 I(fdi)L E.coli test 0/9 School BoT Kopane School KOP001SC 35 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 2/4 School BoT Koputaroa School KOP002SC 160 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Kumeroa-Hopelands School KUM002SC 36 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Linton School LIN004SC 30 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Longburn Adventist College LON002SC 210 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 Adventist College Makuri School MAK004SC 23 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Manakau School MAN015SC 59 E(F)AI(f) E.coli test 11/12 School BoT Mangamaire School MAN018SC 100 E(F)AI(fdi)L E.coli fail 2/8 School BoT Mangatainoka School MAN016SC 72 I(fd)L E.coli test 0/11 School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 153 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Matamau School MAT012SC 30 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Motea School MOT008SC 31 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Mt Biggs School MTB001SC 70 N No surveillance - School BoT Muhunoa East School MUH001ME 22 N E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Newbury School NEW003SC 155 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Nireaha School NIR001SC 27 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Opiki School OPI001SC 80 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Ormondville School ORM001SC 47 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Oroua Downs School ORO003SC 120 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Papatawa School PAP003SC 28 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Poroutawhao School POR006SC 77 N E.coli fail 2/2 School BoT Rangiwahia School RAN008SC 24 N No surveillance - School BoT Rongotea School RON001SC 205 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Rua Roa School RUA004SC 35 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/6 School BoT Ruahine School RUA005SC 95 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Sanson School SAN004SC 125 N No surveillance - School BoT Taikorea School TAI005SC 12 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Tangimoana School TAN002SC 22 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Taonui School TAO001SC 60 N No surveillance - School BoT Te Kawau Playcentre TEK019TE 24 N No surveillance - Utuwai School UTU001SC 11 N No surveillance - School BoT Weber School WEB001SC 65 N No surveillance - School BoT Whakarongo School WHA021SC 160 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT

Wairarapa Dalefield School DAL002SC 79 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli test 1/9 School BoT Gladstone School GLA001SC 120 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Kahutara School KAH002SC 106 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Mauriceville School MAU005SC 40 N E.coli fail 1/3 School BoT Miki Miki School MIK001SC 25 N E.coli fail 1/3 School BoT Opaki School OPA005SC 50 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Rathkeale College RAT005SC 350 I(d) Audit 0/12 School BoT South Featherston School SOU006SC 40 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Tuturumuri School TUT003SC 29 N E.coli fail 1/3 School BoT Whareama School WHA039SC 50 N E.coli fail 2/3 School BoT

Hutt Valley Mangaroa School MAN027SC 80 Complied Audit 0/12 School BoT Ohariu Model School OHA012SC 15 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT

Nelson Appleby School APP001AS 115 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/7 School BoT Brooklyn School BRO001BS 90 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Central Takaka School CEN004SC 40 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT Collingwood Area School COL004CA 220 E(F) E.coli test 1/12 School BoT Foxhill School FOX004FS 30 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Golden Bay High School GOL001GB 370 Complied E.coli test 0/13 School BoT Hira School HIR001HS 90 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Lake Rotoiti School LAK005LR 30 Complied E.coli test 0/13 School BoT Lower Moutere School LOW003LM 230 E(F)AI(fdi) E.coli fail 4/4 School BoT Mahana School MAH002MS 65 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/11 School BoT Motueka High School MOT005MH 680 From Jun E.coli test 0/29 School BoT Motueka South School MOT004MS 260 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/11 School BoT Motupipi School MOT006MS 95 Complied E.coli test 0/12 School BoT Ngatimoti School NGA005NS 70 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test 1/3 School BoT Parklands School PAR006PS 340 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/5 School BoT Riwaka School RIW001RS 200 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT St Peter Chanel School STP001SP 80 From Oct E.coli test 0/4 School BoT Takaka School TAK003TS 170 Complied E.coli test 0/12 School BoT Tasman Bay Christian School TAS003SC 65 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli test 1/5 Tasman Bible Church

154 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Tasman School TAS001TS 60 Complied E.coli test 0/12 School BoT

Marlborough Canvastown School CAN002SC 33 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Cobham Outward Bound School COB002CO 200 E(F)I(fdi) E.coli fail 2/8 Fairhall School FAI003SC 180 N No surveillance - School BoT French Pass School FRE002SC 15 I(fdi) E.coli fail 1/5 School BoT Grovetown School GRO001SC 73 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Koromiko School KOR001SC 60 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/3 School BoT Linkwater School LIN006SC 50 N E.coli fail 1/1 School BoT Rai Valley School RAI004SC 184 I(fd) E.coli fail 1/3 School BoT Rapaura School RAP001SC 150 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Riverlands School RIV010SC 237 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Spring Creek School SPR005SC 65 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Tuamarina School TUA006SC 100 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Waitaria Bay School WAI077SC 25 N No surveillance - School BoT

West Coast Ahaura School AHA001AH 35 N Audit - School BoT Barrytown School BAR001SC 30 N Audit - School BoT Haast School HAA002SC 30 I(fi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Inangahua Junction School INA002SC 14 I(fdi) Audit 0/6 School BoT Jacobs River School JAC001SC 10 I(fi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Kaiata School KAI026SC 43 N Audit - School BoT Karamea School KAR006SC 136 I(fi) Audit 0/4 School BoT Kokatahi School KOK003SC 43 N Audit - School BoT Lake Brunner School LAK008SC 24 N Audit - School BoT Maruia School MAR011SC 30 I(fi) Audit 0/7 School BoT Moonlight School MOO001SC 15 N Audit - School BoT Ngahere School NGA011SC 32 I(f) Audit 0/4 School BoT Rotomanu School ROT005RO 24 N Audit - School BoT South Westland Area School HAR001SC 116 N Audit - School BoT Totara Flat School TOT002SC 48 N Audit - School BoT Waimangaroa School WAI156WA 30 N No surveillance - School BoT Whataroa School WHA047SC 34 N Audit - School BoT

Canterbury Briggston Primary School BRI002SC 91 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Broadfield School BRO005SC 39 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Carew School CAR004SC 60 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Clarkville School CLA003SC 200 From May Audit 0/7 School BoT Dorie School DOR001SC 55 I(fdi)L No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Freeville Primary School FRE001SC 330 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Glenmoor Primary School GLE008SC 80 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Governers Bay Preschool GOV001SC 40 N E.coli test 0/2 Allandale Domain Brd. Greenpark School GRE005SC 67 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Halswell Primary School HAL005SC 516 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Hammersley Park Primary School HAM005SC 156 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Kings Christian School KIN004SC 31 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Ladbrooks Primary School LAD001SC 67 E(F)I(d) E.coli fail 3/15 School BoT Lagmhor School LAG001SC 50 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Lauriston School LAU003SC 50 Complied (d) No surveillance 0/12 School BoT Le Bons Bay School LEB001SC 14 Complied (d) E.coli test 0/13 School BoT Linwood Ave Primary School LIN005SC 350 N No surveillance - School BoT Lismore School LIS001SC 39 N No surveillance - School BoT Little River School LIT002SC 90 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/8 School BoT Longbeach School LON004SC 86 Complied E.coli test 0/14 School BoT Lowcliffe School LOW007SC 44 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/1 School BoT Lyndhurst School LYN001SC 34 N No surveillance - School BoT Mairehau Primary School MAI001SC 372 E(F)I(d) No surveillance 1/12 School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 155 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Marshlands Primary School MAR008SC 144 Complied (d) No surveillance 0/12 School BoT McKenzie Residential School MCK001SC 29 From Apr (d) No surveillance 0/9 School BoT North New Brighton Pri.Sch. NOR008SC 335 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Ouruhia Primary School OUR001SC 90 N No surveillance - School BoT Richmond Primary School RIC003SC 209 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Shirley Primary School SHI002SC 170 From Sep (d) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT South Hornby Primary School SOU003SC 360 I(fdi) No surveillance 0/4 School BoT Swannanoa School SWA001SC 106 Complied Audit 0/12 School BoT Tuahiwi School TUA007SC 50 From May Audit 0/7 School BoT Waikuku School WAI080SC 100 E(F)I(f) Audit 1/7 School BoT Wainoni Primary School WAI060SC 200 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Wakanui School WAK003SC 60 N No surveillance - School BoT Weedons School WEE001SC 129 N E.coli test 0/3 School BoT West Spreydon Primary School WES006SC 253 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Wharenui Primary School WHA044SC 200 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT Yaldhurst Primary School YAL001SC 130 N (!) No surveillance - School BoT

South Canterbury Clandeboye School CLA004SC 35 I(fdi) Audit 0/2 School BoT Mesopotamia Station and School MES001ME 6 N No surveillance - Mesopotamia Station Milford School MIL004SC 46 N Audit - School BoT Waihi School WAI121SC 100 N Audit - School BoT

Otago Becks School # BEC001BE 26 N No surveillance - School BoT Five Forks School FIV001FI 50 Complied E.coli test 0/14 School BoT Lee Stream School LEE002LS 55 I(fi) E.coli fail 1/5 School BoT Macraes Moonlight School MAC002MA 30 E(F)I(d) E.coli test 1/15 School BoT Millers Flat School MIL003MF 48 N (!) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Oturehua School ## OTU001OT 13 N No surveillance - School BoT Paerau School PAE003PA 10 N (!) E.coli fail - School BoT Poolburn School POO001PO 39 N (!) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Purakanui School PUR005PU 30 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Strath-Taieri School STR002ST 90 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/10 School BoT Tahakopa School TAH004SC 25 From Aug E.coli test 0/7 School BoT Taieri Beach School TAI014SC 40 I(f) E.coli test 0/7 School BoT Tarras School TAR002TA 27 N (!) E.coli test - School BoT Wyllies Crossing School WYL001WC 25 I(d) E.coli test 0/15 School BoT # school closed 22/9/2000 ## school closed 31/12/1997 Southland Blackmount School BLA004SC 17 E(F)A E.coli fail 3/14 School BoT Brydone School BRY002SC 11 E(F)A E.coli fail 3/16 School BoT Dacre School DAC001SC 36 Complied E.coli test 0/13 School BoT Dipton Primary School DIP001SC 82 E(F) E.coli fail 3/15 School BoT Drummond School DRU002SC 37 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Five Rivers School FIV002SC 26 E(F)AI(f) E.coli fail 5/13 School BoT Garston School GAR002SC 25 Complied E.coli test 0/14 School BoT Glenham School GLE009SC 32 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/8 School BoT Gorge Road School GOR002SC 73 Complied E.coli test 0/14 School BoT Halfmoon Bay School HAL003SC 30 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Hawea Flat School HAW004SC 50 N E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Heddon Bush School HED001SC 39 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Hedgehope School HED002SC 39 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Hillside Primary School HIL001SC 56 N (?) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Isla Bank School ISL002SC 33 N (?) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Limehills School LIM001SC 135 I(fdi) E.coli test 0/6 School BoT Lochiel School LOC001SC 95 Complied E.coli fail 1/14 School BoT Makarora School MAK007SC 16 N (?) No surveillance - School BoT Mararoa School MAR009SC 60 N (?) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Menzies College, Wyndham MEN001SC 450 E(F) No surveillance 2/15 School BoT

156 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Zone Name Zone Code Population Compliance Surveillance E. coli results Water Supplier Mokoreta School MOK004SC 13 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Myross Bush School MYR001SC 96 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Orepuki School ORE002SC 31 E(F) E.coli fail 6/15 School BoT Oreti Plains School ORE003SC 68 Complied E.coli test 0/14 School BoT Otapiri School OTA010SC 16 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Otatara School OTA009SC 280 N (?) No surveillance - School BoT Rimu School RIM001SC 136 N (?) E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Riversdale School RIV009SC 119 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Te Tipua School TET001SC 57 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Thornbury School THO001SC 41 N (?) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Tisbury School TIS001SC 69 N No surveillance - Local Authority Tokanui School TOK007SC 82 N (?) E.coli fail 1/2 School BoT Tuturau School TUT001SC 45 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Waianawa School WAI078SC 80 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Waikaia School WAI076SC 45 E(F)A E.coli test 1/17 School BoT Waimahaka School WAI070SC 37 N E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Wallacetown School WAL001SC 41 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT West Plains School WES009SC 47 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT Woodlands School WOO003SC 82 N (?) E.coli test 0/1 School BoT Wyndham Primary School WYN001SC 140 N (?) E.coli test 0/2 School BoT

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 157 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 10: Distribution zones on permanent ‘boil water’ notice in 2001

DHB ZoneName ZoneCode Population WaterSupplier Whakatane Hawai Camp HAW005HA 100 (200) Hawkes Bay Lake Tutira Rest Area LAK010LA 4 (90) Hawkes Bay Reg. Council Manawatu Oroua No. 1 ORO001OR 60 Oroua Water Scheme Inc Manawatu Waituna West WAI022WA 200 Manawatu District Council Wairarapa Taueru TAU007TA 50 Masterton District Council Nelson Awaroa ABE001AW 10 (50) DOC Nelson Dovedale Rural DOV001DO 450 Tasman District Council Nelson Totara Ave, Pakawau TOT001TO 100 Nelson Tui Community TUI001TU 40 Tui Community Marlborough Aussie Bay AUS001AB 25 Marlborough Camp Bay, Endeavour Inlet CAM003CA 30 DOC Marlborough Cowshed Bay Camp COW001CO 60 DOC Marlborough Dashwood Rural SED001DA 100 Marlborough District Council Marlborough Elaine Bay ELA001EL 25 DOC Marlborough French Pass Camp FRE003FR 60 DOC Marlborough Marfells Beach MAR015MA 150 DOC Marlborough Mistletoe Bay MIS001MI 50 DOC Marlborough Momorangi Bay Camp MOM001MO 500 DOC Marlborough Onamalutu ONA001ON 150 DOC Marlborough Pelorus Bridge PEL001PE 120 DOC Marlborough Seddon,Awatere Valley SED001SE 600 Marlborough District Council Marlborough Tennyson Inlet TEN002TE 50 DOC Marlborough Waterfall Bay Lodge WAT001WA 25 Waterfall Bay Lodge Marlborough Whatamango Bay WHA037WH 30 (50) DOC Marlborough Whites Bay Camp WHI006WH 300 DOC Canterbury Oaro OAR001OA 400 Kaikoura District Council South Canterbury Albury Rural ALB001AL 125 Albury Water Committee South Canterbury Haldon Arms Camping Ground HAL004HA 20 (800) Haldon Arms Camping Assn South Canterbury Te Akatarawa Camping Ground TEA008TE 10 (3000) Waimate District Council South Canterbury Waitangi Reserve Camp Ground WAI120WA 10 (3000) Waimate District Council Otago Black Gully Camping Ground BLA003BG 30 Black Gully Camp. Ground Otago Dunrobin DUN003DU 54 Waitaki District Council Otago Falstone Camp-Lake Benmore FAL001FA 30 Waitaki District Council Otago Livingstonia Park Tank LIV002TK 25 Clutha District Council Otago McLean Falls MCL002MC 30 (97) DOC Otago North Taieri Rural NOR005NT 15 North Taieri Rural Otago Nugget Point NUG001NU 30 (207) DOC Otago Ohau Alpine Village OHA005OH 40 Waitaki District Council Otago Otekaieke Rural OTE002OT 30 Waitaki District Council Otago Papatowai - Picnic Point PAP008PA 25 DOC Otago Papatowai Motor Camp PAP002PM 25 (150) Papatowai Motor Camp Otago Papatowai Motor Camp Kitchen PAP002KI 25 (150) Papatowai Motor Camp Otago Parsons Rock Camp PAR004PA 100 Waitaki District Council Otago Pounawea Camp Ground POU001PC 30 Clutha District Council Otago Purakanui Bay Scenic Reserve PUR006PB 30 DOC Otago Purakanui Falls PUR007PU 25 (160) DOC Otago Reidston REI001RE 110 Reidston Water Supply Otago Sailors Cutting Camp SAI001SA 100 Waitaki District Council Otago Taieri Mouth Camping Ground TAI004TM 25 Private Otago Tautuku OEC Tank TAU023TK 70 Otago Youth Advent.Trust Otago Tawanui Camping Ground TAW002TC 30 DOC Otago Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reserve WAI039WA 10 (150) Waitaki Mouth Kaik Reser Otago Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp WAI040WA 10 (100) Waitaki Mouth Motor Camp Southland Orawia ORA003OR 20 Southland District Council

158 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 11: Potential secure groundwater supplies

Health District Plant Treatment Plant Water Supplier Code Northland TP00682 Whananaki DOC Camp DOC Northland TP00680 Whangaruru North DOC DOC Northland TP02091 Ngunguru Retirement Village Ngunguru R Village Trust Auckland TP02118 Pine Harbour Marina Wharf Pine Harbour Marina Whakatane TP00315 Te Teko Plant Whakatane District Council Rotorua TP00289 Taniwha Springs Rotorua District Council Hawkes Bay TP01948 Hawkes Bay Hospital Hawkes Bay Hospital Wanganui TP00048 Arles Wells Wanganui District Council Wanganui TP00051 Putiki (Airport Road) Wanganui District Council Nelson TP01063 Eves Vly Sawmill Carter Holt Carter Holt Harvey Marlborough TP00504 Andrew St Marlborough District Council Marlborough TP02064 Bomford Street Marlborough District Council Marlborough TP02065 Middle Renwick Road Marlborough District Council Marlborough TP00505 Riverlands Industrial Estate Marlborough District Council West Coast TP00034 Grey, Runanga Grey District Council Canterbury TP00337 Chertsey Ashburton District Council Canterbury TP00336 Dromore Ashburton District Council Canterbury TP00332 Fairton Ashburton District Council Canterbury TP00338 Winchmore School Rd Ashburton District Council Canterbury TP00188 Heathcote Banks Peninsula District Council Canterbury TP01502 Ashburton Hospital Canterbury DHB Canterbury TP01949 Princess Margaret Hospital Canterbury DHB Canterbury TP01783 Sunnyside Hospital Canterbury DHB Canterbury TP00228 Christchurch Int. Airport Chch Int. Airport Co. Canterbury TP01951 The Groynes Christchurch City Council Canterbury TP00944 Rolleston Prison Justice Dept Canterbury TP02059 PPCS Fairton PPCS Ltd Southland TP00093 Arrowtown Queenstown Lakes District Council Southland TP00477 Glenorchy Queenstown Lakes District Council Southland TP02228 Luggate Queenstown Lakes District Council

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 159 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Appendix 12: Non-verified ‘secure’ groundwater supplies

Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Northland Health District Far North District School BoT TP01422 Waiharara School R Far North District DOC TP01901 Urupukapuka & Cable Bay Camps G Far North District Local Authority TP00399 Okaihau G Far North District Local Authority TP00424 Kaeo S Far North District TP00510 Rarawa Motor Camp G Far North District Karikari Bay Motor Camp TP00695 Karikari Bay Motor Camp G Far North District Pukenui Motor Camp TP00697 Pukenui Motor Camp G Far North District Fullers Northland Ltd. TP01053 Zane Grey Restaurant & Accom. G Far North District TP01147 Kingfish Lodge, Whangaroa G Far North District TP01578 Mangonui Commercial Area G Far North District Haruru Falls Resort TP02013 Haruru Falls Resort G Kaipara District TP02061 Trounson Camping Ground G Kaipara District Marae Committee TP01709 Oturei Marae G Whangarei District DOC TP00680 Whangaruru North DOC G Whangarei District DOC TP00682 Whananaki DOC Camp G Whangarei District School BoT TP01441 Helena Bay School G Whangarei District School BoT TP00528 Hukerenui School G Whangarei District Ngunguru Motor Camp TP00515 Ngunguru Motor Camp G Whangarei District School BoT TP00521 Pompallier College G Whangarei District Oakura Bay Motor Camp TP00692 Oakura Motels and Caravan Park G Whangarei District Whangaruru Harbour Motor TP00863 Whangaruru Harbour Motor Camp G Whangarei District Motutara Farm Camping Gr TP00864 Motutara Farm Camping Ground G Whangarei District Whananaki Store Mot Camp TP00865 Whananaki Store Motor Camp G Whangarei District Motor Camp TP00879 Pataua GR

Auckland Health District Auckland City Southpark Utilities TP01781 Southpark G Franklin District School BoT TP00764 Naike School G Franklin District Local Authority TP00699 Pokeno G Franklin District Local Authority TP01276 Douglas Road, Pukekohe G Franklin District School BoT TP01460 Pukeoware School G Franklin District School BoT TP00768 St Stephens School G Franklin District School BoT TP01449 Harrisville School G Franklin District School BoT TP00765 Otaua Primary School G Franklin District School BoT TP01511 Pukekohe East School G Franklin District School BoT TP01452 Mauku Primary Sch. Bore Plant G Franklin District School BoT TP01444 Aka Aka School UV Plant G Franklin District Local Authority TP00754 Onewhero G Franklin District Local Authority TP00122 Waiuku G Franklin District Local Authority TP00124 Clarks Beach G Franklin District Local Authority TP00125 Tuakau G Franklin District Local Authority TP00420 Glenbrook Beach G Franklin District Local Authority TP00698 Port Waikato G Franklin District Local Authority TP00700 Patumahoe G Franklin District Local Authority TP00701 Buckland G Franklin District School BoT TP00753 Onewhero District School G Franklin District School BoT TP00756 Glenbrook Primary School G Franklin District School BoT TP00758 Karaka School G Franklin District Tainui TP00759 Kingseat Hospital G Franklin District School BoT TP00766 Pukekawa School G Franklin District School BoT TP00769 Te Hihi Primary School G Franklin District Local Authority TP01096 Waiau Beach G

160 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Franklin District BP Oil NZ Ltd TP01979 Bombay Motorway Services G Manukau City School BoT TP00763 Maraetai Beach School G Manukau City Pine Harbour Marina TP02118 Pine Harbour Marina Wharf G Rodney District Local Authority TP00168 Muriwai G Rodney District Local Authority TP01995 Huapai Depot G Rodney District Local Authority TP01992 Sandspit Reserve G Rodney District Local Authority TP01990 Henley Road G Rodney District Local Authority TP00009 Hamiltons Road, Snells/Algies G Rodney District Camp Ground Owners TP01254 Muriwai Lodge Caravan Park G Rodney District Camping Ground TP00847 Whangateau Camping Ground S Rodney District Local Authority TP01991 Shelly Beach Reserve G Rodney District Local Authority TP01996 Huapai Domain G Rodney District Camp Owners TP01255 Muriwai, Houghtons Bush Camp R Rodney District Game Meats (NZ) Ltd TP01616 Game Meats (NZ) Ltd G Rodney District Camping Ground TP00848 Goat Island Camping Ground G Rodney District Peninsula Club Retiremt TP00845 Peninsula Club Retiremt Resort G Rodney District Auckland Regional Counci TP00860 Mahurangi Regional Park G Rodney District School BoT TP01513 Ahuroa School G Rodney District Local Authority TP00834 Martins Bay Holiday Camp G Rodney District Project Holdings Ltd TP00482 Te Hana G Rodney District Sandspit Motor Camp TP00861 Sandspit Motor Camp G Rodney District Community supply TP01514 Hare Krishna Comm. Riverhead G Rodney District Amberleigh Country Lodge TP01615 Amberleigh Country Lodge G Rodney District Omaha Surf Club TP01988 Omaha Surf Club R Rodney District Local Authority TP02120 Sandspit Wharf G

Waikato Health District Matamata-Piako District Tatua Dairy TP01886 Tatua Co-op Dairy Co. Ltd. G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01878 Ngarua Primary School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01884 Richmond Downs Primary School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01877 Tauhei School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01880 Walton Primary School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01871 Hoe-O-Tainui School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01874 Motumaoho School & Community G Matamata-Piako District Inghams Poultry TP01887 Inghams Poultry G Matamata-Piako District Local Authority TP00135 Waharoa Plant G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01049 Te Puninga School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01052 Elstow School R Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01872 Kereone School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01875 Springdale School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01876 Tatuanui School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01879 Manawaru School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01882 Wardville Primary School G Matamata-Piako District School BoT TP01885 Kiwitahi School G Matamata-Piako District Christian Trust TP01958 Totara Springs Christian Cent. G Otorohanga District School BoT TP02054 Hauturu School G Otorohanga District BOT TP02086 Ngutunui School G Otorohanga District School BoT TP02141 Maihihi School G Otorohanga District BOT TP02093 Korakonui School G Otorohanga District BOT TP02097 Kio Kio School G Otorohanga District School BoT TP02138 Otewa School G Ruapehu District Local Authority TP00625 Piriaka G Ruapehu District School BoT TP01089 Ongarue School G Ruapehu District School BoT TP01062 Waimiha School G Ruapehu District School BoT TP02154 Kirikau School G

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 161 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Ruapehu District Kakahi Inc Water Soc. TP00624 Kakahi G South Waikato District School BoT TP02139 Lichfield School G South Waikato District Local Authority TP00716 Lichfield G South Waikato District School BoT TP02001 Tapapa School G South Waikato District School BoT TP01999 Puketurua School G South Waikato District Local Authority TP02000 Te Waotu School G South Waikato District School BoT TP02002 Okoroire School G South Waikato District Anchor Products Ltd TP02140 Anchor Products Lichfield G South Waikato District Local Authority TP00038 Billah Street G South Waikato District Local Authority TP00039 Alexandra Bore G South Waikato District Local Authority TP00040 Waihou River Spring G South Waikato District Local Authority TP00041 Oraka Spring - no treatment G South Waikato District Local Authority TP00717 Arapuni G South Waikato District Kinleith Pulp & Paper TP01745 Kinleith G Thames-Coromandel District School BoT TP01091 Kennedy Bay School R Thames-Coromandel District Te Puru Community TP01311 Te Puru - Unarei S Thames-Coromandel District Carter Holt Harvey TP01482 Kopu Sawmill G Waikato District BOT TP02063 Waikato Waldorf School G Waikato District BOT TP02087 Orini Combined School G Waikato District School BoT TP02237 Waerenga School G Waikato District School BoT TP01939 Horsham Downs School and Hall G Waikato District BOT TP02102 Te Kowhai School G Waikato District Local Authority TP02142 Te Akau G Waikato District School BoT TP02160 Te Akau School G Waikato District School BoT TP02166 Glen Massey School G Waikato District School BoT TP02167 Te Mata School G Waipa District School BoT TP02176 Karapiro School G Waipa District School BoT TP02070 Pukeatua School G Waipa District School BoT TP02128 Goodwood School G Waipa District Waikato Regional Airport TP02030 East Side Terminal G Waipa District School BoT TP02077 Rukahia School G Waipa District BOT TP02084 Ngahinapouri School G Waipa District BOT TP02085 Puahue School G Waipa District TP01250 Pacific Aerospace Corp Hamiltn G Waipa District Local Authority TP00043 Rolleston Street G Waipa District School BoT TP02144 Te Miro School G Waipa District School BoT TP02071 Wharepapa South School G Waipa District School BoT TP02173 Parawera School G Waipa District School BoT TP02152 Hora Hora School G Waipa District School BoT TP02158 Whitehall School G Waipa District Waikato Regional Airport TP02031 West Side Aviation Area G Waipa District School BoT TP02127 Hautapu School G Waipa District School BoT TP02149 Te Pahu School G Waipa District School BoT TP02174 Pokuru School G Waitomo District School BoT TP01090 Kinohaku School G Waitomo District School BoT TP02143 Oparure School G Waitomo District BHP-NZ Steel Mining Ltd TP00723 Taharoa G

Tauranga Health District Tauranga District Boscabel Residents Assoc TP01929 Boscabel East G Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00956 Te Ranga School G Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00947 Pukehina School G Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00946 Pongakawa School G Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00953 Rangiuru School S Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00948 Otamarakau School G Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00950 Pyes Pa School G

162 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Western Bay of Plenty District Matakana Mill TP01143 Matakana Mill G Western Bay of Plenty District Kaimai Woolshed TP01590 Kaimai Woolshed G Western Bay of Plenty District School BoT TP00949 Oropi School G Western Bay of Plenty District Recreation Club TP01196 Matakana Island Rec. Club G

Whakatane Health District Opotoki District Local Authority TP00588 Ohiwa G Opotoki District Motor Camp TP00881 Island View Motor Camp Plant G Opotoki District School BoT TP01601 Waiotahe School G Whakatane District Local Authority TP00315 Te Teko Plant G Whakatane District TP01595 Murphy's Camp G Whakatane District School BoT TP01593 Waiohau School G Whakatane District School BoT TP01598 Galatea School G Whakatane District Local Authority TP00325 Johnson Road Plant G Whakatane District ECNZ TP00880 Te Mahoe G

Rotorua Health District Rotorua District Forest Village Trust TP00378 Kaingaroa Deep Well G Rotorua District DOC TP01232 Waimangu Volcanic Valley G Rotorua District Local Authority TP01870 Waikite Hotpool Complex Plant G Rotorua District Fletcher Challenge (For) TP00974 Waiotapu Forestry HQ G Rotorua District School BoT TP00935 Waikite Valley School G Rotorua District School BoT TP00936 Horohoro School G Rotorua District School BoT TP00939 Whangamarino School G Rotorua District School BoT TP00940 Rerewhakaaitu School G Rotorua District Trust TP01194 Okataina Ed.& Rec.Trust Camp G Taupo District Local Authority TP00601 Waitahanui Pump Station G Taupo District School BoT TP01193 Tauranga/Taupo School G Taupo District School BoT TP01236 Rangitaiki Primary School G Taupo District Lake Taupo Camp TP01895 Lake Taupo Christian Camp G Taupo District Mighty River Power TP00446 Aratiatia Mighty River Power G Taupo District Local Authority TP00437 Centennial Drive Pump Station G Taupo District Local Authority TP00428 Bonshaw Park G Taupo District Shoreline Body Corp. TP01905 Shoreline Body Corp. G Taupo District School BoT TP01187 Mokai Primary School G Taupo District School BoT TP01192 Waitahanui Primary School G Taupo District School BoT TP02004 Marotiri School G Taupo District Waitahanui Lodge TP01903 Waitahanui Lodge G Taupo District Tauranga/Taupo Lodge TP01896 Tauranga/Taupo Fishing Lodge G Taupo District Motuoapa Fishing Club TP02052 Motuoapa Fishing Club G Taupo District Motuoapa Lodge TP01893 Motuoapa Lodge G Taupo District Windsor Lodge and Camp TP01904 Windsor Lodge and Camp Ground G Taupo District Lake Taupo M.Inn TP01892 Lake Taupo M.Inn,Lakeside Mot. G Whakatane District Private TP00314 Minginui Plant G Whakatane District Local Authority TP00719 Murupara G

Gisborne Health District Gisborne District Tairawhiti Health Care TP00178 Te Puia Springs Hospital S Gisborne District School BoT TP01320 Ngata Memorial College G Gisborne District School BoT TP01326 Tolaga Bay Area School G Gisborne District Local Authority TP01329 Te Araroa Holiday Park S Gisborne District School BoT TP01754 Wharekahika School GR Gisborne District School BoT TP01758 Rangitukia School R

Hawkes Bay Health District Central Hawkes Bay District Local Authority TP00096 Takapau G

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 163 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Central Hawkes Bay District TP02210 Ongaonga General Store G Central Hawkes Bay District School BoT TP01299 Ongaonga School G Hastings District Hawkes Bay Hospital TP01948 Hawkes Bay Hospital G Hastings District Waikoau Utility Comm. TP02201 Waikoau G Hastings District Childcare TP01471 Chuckles Childcare Centre G Hastings District Local Authority TP00876 Riverbend Centre G Hastings District School BoT TP01281 Clive School G Hastings District School BoT TP01287 Pakowhai School G Hastings District School BoT TP01304 Haumoana School G Hastings District School BoT TP01369 Paki Paki Bilingual School G Hastings District School BoT TP01375 Twyford School G Hastings District TP01575 Clive Motor Camp G Hastings District Kohanga Reo Committee TP01789 Te Kohanga Reo O Whakatu G Hastings District School BoT TP01792 Mangateretere School G Napier City School BoT TP01298 Meeanee School G

Taranaki Health District New Plymouth District Everett Rd Christian Cmp TP01543 Everett Road Christian Camp G South Taranaki District Local Authority TP00344 Waverley G South Taranaki District Local Authority TP00348 Patea G South Taranaki District Local Authority TP00358 Wairoa Beach Domain G South Taranaki District Local Authority TP00359 Wai-inu Beach G South Taranaki District School BoT TP01551 Waitotora School R South Taranaki District Waverley Racing Club TP01565 Waverley Racing Club G South Taranaki District Waitotora Meat Works TP01566 Waitotora Meat Works G Stratford District Local Authority TP00360 Toko G Stratford District Community Water Board TP00361 Te Wera G

Wanganui Health District Ragitikei District Local Authority TP00064 Ratana G Ragitikei District Local Authority TP02245 Calico Line Plant G Ragitikei District Ag Research TP00062 Flockhouse G Wanganui District Local Authority TP02244 Wanganui Airport G Wanganui District Ministry of Defence TP01037 Landguard Bluff G Wanganui District Ministry of Justice TP00050 Kaitoke G

Manawatu Health District Horowhenua District Local Authority TP00136 Foxton G Horowhenua District Local Authority TP00137 Foxton Beach G Horowhenua District School BoT TP00920 Koputaroa School G Horowhenua District Himatangi Estate TP01253 Himatangi Estate G Manawatu District Sanitarium Hlth Foods TP01585 Sanitarium Hlth Foods Longburn G Manawatu District Adventist College TP01586 Longburn Adventist College G Manawatu District Kiwi Co-op Dairies TP01655 Mainland Products, Longburn G Manawatu District Food Solutions Ltd. TP01888 Longburn ex-Freezing Works G Manawatu District Local Authority TP00384 Longburn G Manawatu District Local Authority TP01205 Bunnythorpe - Raymond St. G Palmerston North City School BoT TP00901 Linton School G Tararua District Hinemoa Water Scheme TP01641 Hinemoa G Tararua District Norsewear TP01654 Norsewear Factory, Norsewood G Tararua District School BoT TP01412 Kumeroa-Hopelands School G Tararua District Richmond Oringi TP01688 Richmond Oringi Freezing Works G Tararua District Local Authority TP00153 Norsewood G Tararua District Local Authority TP00380 Akitio G

164 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Wairarapa Health District Carterton District Taratahi Training Centre TP01858 Taratahi Ag.Training Centre G Carterton District Local Authority TP01466 Fredrick Street, Carterton G Masterton District TP02293 Riversdale Holiday Park G Masterton District Local Authority TP00629 Tinui G Masterton District Hautuma Lime Works TP00969 Mauriceville G Masterton District Wainuioru Rural Scheme TP00966 Wainuioru Rural Water G Masterton District TP00626 Opaki G South Wairarapa District Local Authority TP00633 Lake Ferry Camping Ground G South Wairarapa District School BoT TP01923 South Featherston School G South Wairarapa District Local Authority TP00635 Ruamahanga G

Hutt Valley Health District Wellington City Papanui Station TP01727 Boom Rock Lodge G

Nelson Health District Tasman District School BoT TP00662 Lake Rotoiti School G Tasman District School BoT TP00667 Motupipi School G Tasman District Lower Moutere Water Ltd TP01496 Lower Moutere Water Scheme G Tasman District School BoT TP00672 Takaka School G Tasman District Collingwood Motor Camp TP00639 Collingwood Motor Camp G Tasman District Marahau Motor Camp TP00641 Marahau Motor Camp G Tasman District Pakawau Motor Camp TP00645 Pakawau Motor Camp G Tasman District School BoT TP00673 Tasman School G Tasman District School BoT TP00657 Brooklyn School G Tasman District School BoT TP00668 Ngatimoti School G Tasman District School BoT TP00659 Foxhill School G Tasman District Local Authority TP00407 Wakefield G Tasman District Local Authority TP00408 Murchison G Tasman District Local Authority TP00411 Redwoods No. 1 G Tasman District Local Authority TP00412 Redwoods No. 2 G Tasman District Central Takaka Water Bd TP00640 Central Takaka G Tasman District Talley's Fisheries TP00644 Talley's (Port Motueka) G Tasman District Para Para Water Bd TP00646 Para Para G Tasman District School BoT TP00656 Appleby School G Tasman District School BoT TP00660 Golden Bay High School G Tasman District School BoT TP00663 Lower Moutere School G Tasman District School BoT TP00665 Motueka South School G Tasman District School BoT TP00666 Motueka High School G Tasman District School BoT TP00669 Parklands School G Tasman District School BoT TP00670 Riwaka School G Tasman District School BoT TP00671 St Peter Chanel School G Tasman District Local Authority TP00803 Tapawera G Tasman District Carter Holt Harvey TP01063 Eves Vly Sawmill Carter Holt G Tasman District Brooklyn Water Company TP01072 Brooklyn G Tasman District Local Authority TP01111 Strange's Collingwood G Tasman District Centre Owners TP01416 Motueka Family Service Centre G Tasman District The Barn TP01737 The Barn G Tasman District Quinneys Bush Camp TP01944 Quinneys Bush Camp Bore G Tasman District Ngati Rarua Atiawa Iwi TP01946 Ngati Rarua Atiawa Iwi Trust G Tasman District Local Authority TP01968 Kaiteriteri G Tasman District TP01985 Riverside Community 1 G Tasman District TP02261 Shiloh Christian Academy G

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 165 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001

Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Marlborough Health District Marlborough District Local Authority TP02064 Bomford Street G Marlborough District Local Authority TP00505 Riverlands Industrial Estate G Marlborough District Local Authority TP00504 Andrew St G Marlborough District Local Authority TP02065 Middle Renwick Road G Marlborough District Local Authority TP00497 Kaituna Well G Marlborough District Camping Ground TP01184 Duncannon Caravan Pk.Blenheim G Marlborough District School BoT TP01219 Riverlands School G

West Coast Health District Buller District Local Authority TP00021 Reefton G Buller District Inangahua Junction TP01646 Inangahua Junction Reservoir G Grey District Local Authority TP00034 Grey, Runanga G Grey District Ellerm Norton Ltd TP02029 Te Kinga G

Canterbury Health District Ashburton District Local Authority TP00340 Hakatere Huts G Ashburton District School BoT TP01662 Wakanui School G Ashburton District School BoT TP01669 Lagmhor School G Ashburton District School BoT TP01666 Lowcliffe School G Ashburton District School BoT TP01670 Dorie School G Ashburton District PPCS Ltd TP02059 PPCS Fairton G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00337 Chertsey G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00342 Methven S Ashburton District Canterbury Health TP01502 Ashburton Hospital G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00332 Fairton G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00334 Ashburton Domain G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00335 Tinwald Railway Reserve G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00336 Dromore G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00338 Winchmore School Rd G Ashburton District Local Authority TP00343 Methven/Springfield S Ashburton District TP01499 Hakatere Huts - Lower Tce. G Ashburton District TP01500 Rangitata North Fishing Huts G Ashburton District TP01501 Rakaia South Fishing Huts G Ashburton District Local Authority TP02053 Melrose Road G Ashburton District Ashburton Golf Club TP02098 Ashburton Golf Club G Ashburton District TP02129 Ashburton Hotel G Ashburton District Local Authority TP02131 Ashburton Airport G Banks Peninsula District Local Authority TP00188 Heathcote G Banks Peninsula District Local Authority TP00583 Birdlings Flat G Banks Peninsula District Local Authority TP01962 Wainui G Christchurch City Dept. of Corrections TP02025 Paparua Mens Prison G Christchurch City TP02008 Spencer Holiday Park G Christchurch City School BoT TP00975 Yaldhurst Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00984 West Spreydon Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00986 Briggston Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00987 Richmond Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00990 Hammersley Park Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00992 Glenmoor Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00993 Wainoni Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP01006 Kings Christian School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00988 Marshlands Primary School G Christchurch City Chch Int. Airport Co. TP00228 Christchurch Int. Airport G Christchurch City Dept. of Corrections TP02026 Paparua Womens Prison G

166 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Christchurch City Dept. of Corrections TP02027 Paparua Prison Drive G Christchurch City School BoT TP00979 Linwood Ave Primary School G Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Christchurch City School BoT TP01010 Mairehau Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00981 South Hornby Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00985 Ouruhia Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00989 Shirley Primary School G Christchurch City School BoT TP00932 McKenzie Residential School G Christchurch City Canterbury DHB TP01783 Sunnyside Hospital G Christchurch City Healthlink South Ltd. TP01924 Templeton Centre Well 1 G Christchurch City Healthlink South Ltd. TP01925 Templeton Centre Well 2 G Christchurch City Healthlink South Ltd. TP01926 Templeton Centre Well 3 G Christchurch City Canterbury DHB TP01949 Princess Margaret Hospital G Christchurch City Local Authority TP01951 The Groynes G Hurunui District Local Authority TP00191 Ashley Rural G Hurunui District Local Authority TP00192 Mays Well, Leithfield G Hurunui District Local Authority TP00194 Amberley S.H.1 G Hurunui District Local Authority TP00195 Bakers Ford GS Hurunui District Local Authority TP01082 Leithfield Beach G Hurunui District Local Authority TP01086 Waipara Township S Hurunui District Carter Holt Harvey TP01889 Carter Holt Harvey 4 G Hurunui District Carter Holt Harvey TP02222 Carter Holt Harvey 26 G Kaikoura District Peketa Camp TP01950 Peketa Motor Camp G Kaikoura District Local Authority TP00218 Mt Fyffe Rd, Kaikoura G Kaikoura District Communal Supply TP01003 Kaikoura East Coast Rural G Kaikoura District Golf Club TP01012 Kaikoura Golf Club S Kaikoura District TP02018 Fyffe Country Inn G Kaikoura District Kaikoura Airprt Services TP02157 Kaikoura Airport G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01139 Edendale, Sandy Knolls G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01137 Armack Drive, Rolleston G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01928 Rolleston, Kairangi Well G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01342 Johnson Rd, West Melton G Selwyn District Local Authority TP00219 Southbridge, High St G Selwyn District Local Authority TP00222 Kildare Tce, Lincoln G Selwyn District Local Authority TP00223 Prebbleton Plant 1 G Selwyn District Local Authority TP00224 Rolleston, George St G Selwyn District Local Authority TP00225 Rolleston, Moore St G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01126 Rakaia Huts G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01129 Jowers Rd West Melton G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01134 Kirwee G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01135 Tai Tapu G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01140 Dunsandel, Sherwood Estate G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01206 West Melton G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01984 Te Pirita G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02189 Southbridge, Taiaroa St G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01136 Burnham East G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02190 Branthwaite Drive G Selwyn District Justice Dept TP00944 Rolleston Prison G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02186 Raven Drive G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02188 Prebbleton Plant 2 G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02227 West Belt, Lincoln G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02284 Gallipoli Rd No.1, Leeston G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02285 Gallipoli Rd No.2, Leeston G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02286 Lake Rd, Leeston G Selwyn District Local Authority TP02283 Cole St, Lincoln G Selwyn District School BoT TP00941 Weedons School G Selwyn District School BoT TP01009 Ladbrooks Primary School G

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 167 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Selwyn District School BoT TP01132 Greenpark School G Selwyn District Burnham Military Camp TP00277 Burnham Wells X36 and X27 G Local Authority Water Supplier Plant Code Plant Name Source

Selwyn District Local Authority TP02187 Upper Selwyn Huts G Selwyn District Local Authority TP00943 Courtney G Selwyn District Lincoln University TP02253 Lincoln University Rec. Centre G Selwyn District Lincoln University TP02254 Lincoln University Sportsfield G Selwyn District Burnham Military Camp TP00276 Burnham Wells C55 and C5 G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01141 Taumutu G Selwyn District Motukarara Race Course TP00942 Motukarara Race Course G Selwyn District School BoT TP01131 Broadfield School G Selwyn District Local Authority TP01138 Springston G Selwyn District Irwell Residents Cttee. TP01986 Irwell G Selwyn District Rocklands Services Ltd TP02177 Rocklands G Waimakariri District Local Authority TP01981 Gladstone Park G Waimakariri District Local Authority TP00741 Cust G Waimakariri District Local Authority TP00212 Featherston Ave, Pines/Kairaki G Waimakariri District Local Authority TP00214 Kings Ave, Waikuku Beach G Waimakariri District Local Authority TP00209 Kaiapoi G

Otago Health District Clutha District Clinton-Waipahi Holdings TP02248 Clinton - Waipahi Holdings G Clutha District Local Authority TP00267 Owaka G Central Otago District School BoT TP00780 Becks School G Central Otago District School BoT TP00787 Tarras School G Central Otago District School BoT TP00792 Millers Flat School G Central Otago District Local Authority TP00241 Alexandra S Central Otago District Hort & Food Industry TP00781 Hort. Research, Clyde G Central Otago District School BoT TP00786 Poolburn School G Central Otago District Oturehua Tavern TP00813 Oturehua Tavern G Central Otago District Poolburn Hotel TP00814 Poolburn Hotel G Central Otago District Becks Hotel TP00819 Becks Hotel S Central Otago District Lauder Tavern TP00820 Lauder Tavern G Dunedin City School BoT TP00788 Wyllies Crossing School G Dunedin City School BoT TP00875 Strath-Taieri School G

Southland Health District Gore District Local Authority TP00480 Otama G Invercargill City School BoT TP01166 Myross Bush School G Southland District Local Authority TP00082 Tuatapere 2 G Southland District Local Authority TP00081 Tuatapere 1 S Southland District School BoT TP01108 Brydone School G Southland District School BoT TP01170 Five Rivers School G Southland District School BoT TP01225 Oreti Plains School G Southland District School BoT TP01230 Dacre School G Southland District School BoT TP01159 Mararoa School G Southland District School BoT TP01214 Riversdale School G Southland District School BoT TP01233 Hedgehope School G Southland District School BoT TP01171 Dipton Primary School G Southland District School BoT TP01169 Garston School G Southland District Local Authority TP01168 Mossburn Camping Ground G Southland District School BoT TP01227 Waianawa School GR Southland District School BoT TP01229 Mokoreta School G Southland District Local Authority TP00091 Winton G Southland District Local Authority TP00471 Orawia G Southland District Local Authority TP00472 Edendale G Southland District Local Authority TP00474 Mossburn G

168 Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001 Southland District School BoT TP01156 Drummond School G Source codes: G – groundwater R – roof water S – surface water

Annual Review of the Microbiological Quality 169 of Drinking-water in New Zealand 2001