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Parasite Threats from the Ornamental Fish Trade

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Parasite Threats from the Ornamental Fish Trade ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Trujillo-González, Alejandro (2018) Parasite threats from the ornamental fish trade. PhD Thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.25903/j79a%2D1c75 Copyright © 2018 Alejandro Trujillo-González. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owners of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] PARASITE THREATS FROM THE ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE Thesis submitted by Alejandro Trujillo-González In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Agriculture, Environmental and Related Studies) in the College of Science and Engineering James Cook University on the 15th of November 2018 To mom and dad who echo in my career i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I extend my sincere gratitude to James Cook University and the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation for funding my research and allowing me to continue my career as a parasitologist. My path with James Cook University did not begin with the start of my PhD, but with a Graduate Diploma of Research Methods in 2012. Since then, I have learned from multiple, unique individuals to whom I am incredibly grateful for their advice and teachings: To Richard Saunders, from whom I learned to think of simple solutions for complex problems. Since I began my career at JCU, Richard’s advice and suggestions have always made me rethink my experiments and ideas, showing me that science does not need to be extravagant in design, but simple and straightforward. Thanks to him, I have overcome multiple obstacles in my research, and I look forward to continuing learning from his keen mind. To Joy Becker, from whom I learned to persevere. Her advice and expectations made me adapt in the way I perceive science, in the way I follow the scientific method and in the way I present my research. I learned to expect the unexpected, to do research while understanding its limitations, and to consider the context of science. She has been invaluable to my development as a researcher. To my team, the Marine Parasitology Laboratory. I have seen the lab grow from its humble beginnings with three members, when we had to carry buckets of seawater across the road from MARFU, to the incredible group it is now. Thank you for helping me when I ii needed you all, either during sample collection or personal hardship. It was an absolute pleasure to accompany every one of you, and most importantly, to know with certainty that I had you all by my side. Best of luck in all your endeavours. To the miracle workers; Ben Lawes, Simon Wever and Andrew Thompson. The Marine Research Facility Unit stands on your shoulders, and so did, in many cases, my own research. Thank you all for your kindness, for your help and assistance throughout my time at JCU, it is thanks to you three that many of my experiments were possible. To my family. They have been incredibly supportive and encouraging throughout my education and are the reason that I am able to do what I love. Most importantly, I thank my loving wife, Maria Liliana. Thank you for helping me throughout the years, for putting up with my crazy ideas, and for staying with me despite the chaos. Your love and passion are my motivation to move forward. Lastly to Kate Hutson. I came to your lab with a mind full of ideas and desires to be a scientist. Nothing of who I am now would have been possible without you. For 7 years I have learned to be critical, to be thoughtful, to strive for scientific clarity, and to see my research as an opportunity to help and work with others. I have thought long and hard on the best way to thank you for what you have done for me, but there are no words to describe how grateful I am. It comes down to the time I have learned from you, the many moments we have shared and the obstacles we have surpassed together, as mentor and mentee. Your council and kindness are rarities in a discipline known for its cutthroat attitude, and your approach to science through collaboration, rather than competition, is one of the most important things I aspire to teach others. I endeavour to continue my path in life with the certainty that I had the iii good fortune of crossing paths with a remarkable, wise, kind and truthful friend, who continues to inspire me to be better, and teach others to do the same. Here is to the road ahead, to the obstacles, and the victories we will have the opportunity to share. Cover image: Ornamental fish (Drawn by Eden Cartwritght for the Marine Parasitology Laboratory, James Cook University. Drawing arrangement by the Author of this thesis. iv COLLABORATION OF OTHERS Nature of Names, Title Affiliation Contribution assistance Primary supervisor of the Centre for Sustainable thesis. Provided Tropical Fisheries and intellectual support and Kate S. Aquaculture, College advised on sampling, Hutson, Dr of Science and experimental design, Engineering, James analysis and editing of all Cook University thesis chapters. Co-supervisor of the Centre for Sustainable thesis. Provided Tropical Fisheries and intellectual support and Aquaculture, College Supervisors Dean Jerry, Dr advised on the sampling of Science and and analysis of all Engineering, James molecular components of Cook University the thesis. External supervisor of the thesis. Provided University of Sydney, intellectual support and Joy Becker, Faculty of Veterinary advised on sampling, Dr Sciences experimental design, analysis and editing of all thesis chapters Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Co-author. Provided Ecosystem Research advice on qPCR analysis, Richard (TropWATER), primer development and Edmunds, Dr College of Science editing of Chapter 4 for and Engineering, publication. James Cook Intellectual University support Centre for Sustainable Tropical Co-author. Provided Fisheries and advice on experimental Richard Aquaculture, College design, troubleshooting, Saunders, Dr of Science and and editing of Chapter 5 Engineering, James for publication. Cook University v Centre for Sustainable Co-author. Provided Tropical Fisheries and advice on qPCR analysis, Roger Aquaculture, College sequencing, Huerlimann, of Science and troubleshooting, and Dr Engineering, James editing of Chapter 5 for Cook University publication. Department of Co-author. Provided Primary Industries advice on parasite Terrence and Regional distribution analysis, Miller, Dr Development, Fish statistics support, Health Laboratory, sampling and editing of Perth, Australia Chapter 2 for publication Co-author. Provided instructions on preparing Centre for Sustainable and mounting hamuli Tropical Fisheries and armature of monogenean David B. Aquaculture, College parasites for Vaughan of Science and identification and made Engineering, James scientific drawings of Cook University copulatory organs in Chapter 3: Monogenea for publication. James Cook Postgraduate Research University Scholarship Fisheries Research Research grant and and Development funding Corporation Financial The Australian support Student Travel Award for Society of conference attendance Parasitology The Fisheries Society Student Travel Award for of the British Isles conference attendance Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Provided advice on PCR Molecular Kyall Zenger, Aquaculture, College analysis and analysis Dr of Science and troubleshooting Engineering, James Cook University vi Assisted with lab training Centre for Sustainable in the Molecular Ecology Tropical Fisheries and and Evolution Lab, and Giana Gomez, Aquaculture, College guidance on DNA Dr of Science and extraction methods, Engineering, James eDNA analysis and PCR Cook University development James Cook Assisted with DNA University, College of Julie extraction of Marine and Goldsbury environmental DNA Environmental samples from Chapter 3 Sciences Assisted with the University of Sydney, sampling of imported Paul Hick, Dr Faculty of Veterinary ornamental fish in Sciences Chapter 3 Assisted with the University of Sydney, Alison sampling of imported Faculty of Veterinary Tweedie ornamental fish in Sciences Chapter 3 Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Assisted with the Joshua Allas, Aquaculture, College sampling of imported B.Sc. of Science and ornamental fish in Engineering, James Chapter 3 Data Cook University collection Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Assisted with parasite David B. Aquaculture, College identification in Chapter Vaughan of Science and 3 and sample collection Engineering, James of Chapter 6 Cook University Centre for Sustainable Pauline Tropical Fisheries and Provided technical Narvaez, Katie Aquaculture, College support for the Motson and of Science and experiment described in Renato Engineering, James Chapter 6 Morais-Araujo Cook University vii PhD ACHIEVEMENTS Achievement Year Description Trujillo-González, A., Becker, J.A., Saunders, R. and Hutson, K.S. (submitted, 13/11/2018) Can 2019 environmental DNA be used for aquatic biosecurity in the aquarium fish trade? Biological Invasions Trujillo-González, A., Edmunds, R.C., Becker, J.A., Hutson, K.S. (2019). Parasite detection in the 2019 ornamental fish trade using environmental DNA. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598- 019-41517-2 Trujillo-González, A. and Thane A. Militz (2019) Taxonomically constrained reporting framework 2019 limits biodiversity data for aquarium fish imports to Australia. Wildlife Research. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR18135 Publications Trujillo-González A., Becker J.A., and Hutson K.S. (2018) Parasite dispersal from the ornamental 2018 goldfish trade. Advances in Parasitology 100: 239- 281. doi: 10.1016/bs.apar.2018.03.001 Trujillo-González A., Becker J.A., Vaughan D.B. and Hutson K.S. (2018) Monogenean parasites infect 2018 ornamental fish imported to Australia. Parasitology Research 1-17. doi: 10.1007/s00436-018-5776-z Hutson K.S., Brazenor A.K., Vaughan D.B. and Trujillo-González A. (2018) Monogenean parasite 2018 cultures: current techniques and recent advances. Advances in Parasitology 99: 61-91.
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