Acknowledging and Addressing Women's Contributions to ISIS
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The ISIS Bride
American University National Security Law Brief Volume 11 Issue 2 Article 4 2021 The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride Casey Hare-Osifchin Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb Part of the National Security Law Commons Recommended Citation Casey Hare-Osifchin "The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride," American University National Security Law Brief, Vol. 11, No. 2 (2021). Available at: https://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/nslb/vol11/iss2/4 This Response or Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University National Security Law Brief by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Right of Return: The ISIS Bride Casey Hare-Osifchin* ABSTRACT With the migration of Westerners to fight as a part of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (“ISIS” or “ISIL”), there is an often-overlooked group of others who flock to the region in order to do what they consider to be their part. This is a group comprised of women, often extremely young, some even minors, who have felt compelled to fulfill their perceived duty to the Caliphate. They are usually branded ISIS brides. These girls and women are frequently radicalized online, and they subsequently travel to war-torn areas to be married to a member of ISIS and provide children for the Caliphate. -
Policy Notes for the Trump Notes Administration the Washington Institute for Near East Policy ■ 2018 ■ Pn55
TRANSITION 2017 POLICYPOLICY NOTES FOR THE TRUMP NOTES ADMINISTRATION THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ 2018 ■ PN55 TUNISIAN FOREIGN FIGHTERS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA AARON Y. ZELIN Tunisia should really open its embassy in Raqqa, not Damascus. That’s where its people are. —ABU KHALED, AN ISLAMIC STATE SPY1 THE PAST FEW YEARS have seen rising interest in foreign fighting as a general phenomenon and in fighters joining jihadist groups in particular. Tunisians figure disproportionately among the foreign jihadist cohort, yet their ubiquity is somewhat confounding. Why Tunisians? This study aims to bring clarity to this question by examining Tunisia’s foreign fighter networks mobilized to Syria and Iraq since 2011, when insurgencies shook those two countries amid the broader Arab Spring uprisings. ©2018 THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THE WASHINGTON INSTITUTE FOR NEAR EAST POLICY ■ NO. 30 ■ JANUARY 2017 AARON Y. ZELIN Along with seeking to determine what motivated Evolution of Tunisian Participation these individuals, it endeavors to reconcile estimated in the Iraq Jihad numbers of Tunisians who actually traveled, who were killed in theater, and who returned home. The find- Although the involvement of Tunisians in foreign jihad ings are based on a wide range of sources in multiple campaigns predates the 2003 Iraq war, that conflict languages as well as data sets created by the author inspired a new generation of recruits whose effects since 2011. Another way of framing the discussion will lasted into the aftermath of the Tunisian revolution. center on Tunisians who participated in the jihad fol- These individuals fought in groups such as Abu Musab lowing the 2003 U.S. -
Global Extremism Monitor
Global Extremism Monitor Violent Islamist Extremism in 2017 WITH A FOREWORD BY TONY BLAIR SEPTEMBER 2018 1 2 Contents Foreword 7 Executive Summary 9 Key Findings About the Global Extremism Monitor The Way Forward Introduction 13 A Unifying Ideology Global Extremism Today The Long War Against Extremism A Plethora of Insurgencies Before 9/11 A Proliferation of Terrorism Since 9/11 The Scale of the Problem The Ten Deadliest Countries 23 Syria Iraq Afghanistan Somalia Nigeria Yemen Egypt Pakistan Libya Mali Civilians as Intended Targets 45 Extremist Groups and the Public Space Prominent Victims Breakdown of Public Targets Suicide Bombings 59 Use of Suicide Attacks by Group Female Suicide Bombers Executions 71 Deadliest Groups Accusations Appendices 83 Methodology Glossary About Us Notes 3 Countries Affected by Violent Islamist Extremism, 2017 4 5 6 Foreword Tony Blair One of the core objectives of the Institute is the promotion of co-existence across the boundaries of religious faith and the combating of extremism based on an abuse of faith. Part of this work is research into the phenomenon of extremism derived particularly from the abuse of Islam. This publication is the most comprehensive analysis of such extremism to date and utilises data on terrorism in a new way to show: 1. Violent extremism connected with the perversion of Islam today is global, affecting over 60 countries. 2. Now more than 120 different groups worldwide are actively engaged in this violence. 3. These groups are united by an ideology that shares certain traits and beliefs. 4. The ideology and the violence associated with it have been growing over a period of decades stretching back to the 1980s or further, closely correlated with the development of the Muslim Brotherhood into a global movement, the Iranian Revolution in 1979 and—in the same year—the storming by extremist insurgents of Islam’s holy city of Mecca. -
Editor's Comments
ILLINOIS STATE BAR ASSOCIATION APRIL 2019 VOL 56 NO. 7 The Globe The newsletter of the Illinois State Bar Association’s Section on International & Immigration Law Editor’s comments Editor’s comments 1 BY LEWIS F. MATUSZEWICH Developments in development aid Professor Mark E. Wojcik of The Section newsletters. Mark has served in 1 John Marshall Law School in Chicago many capacities for the Illinois State Bar is a past chair of the International and Association, including the ISBA’s Special Case note: Muthana v. Pompeo Immigration Law Section Council of the Committee on the General Agreement 6 Illinois State Bar Association. His article, on Trade and Services, which completed “Developments in development aid” joins a recommendation to the Illinois State 50 other articles that Mark has contributed Bar Association for consideration of the to the International and Immigration Illinois Supreme Court to bring the Ethical Law, Local Government Law, Human and Procedural Rules mandated by the Rights, Bench and Bar, Alternative Dispute Illinois Supreme Court in line with the Resolution, Child Law, Government International Treaty known as GATS or Lawyers, and the Diversity Leadership Continued on next page Developments in development aid BY MARK E. WOJCIK Introduction conservative scholars.” program. Seeing those benefits, the Trump Foreign development aid helps The Trump administration does not administration reverse course and quietly individuals in some of the world’s poorest necessarily see providing foreign aid as create an international development countries. Foreign aid promotes economic an “essential instrument of U.S. foreign agency with twice the budget of its prosperity and progress toward global policy” but rather as a possible target to predecessor agency. -
ISIS Goes to Asia | Foreign Affairs | Foreign Affairs
9/23/2014 Joseph Chinyong Liow | ISIS Goes to Asia | Foreign Affairs | Foreign Affairs Home International Editions Digital Newsstand Job Board Account Management RSS Newsletters SEARCH Login Register (0) My Cart ISIS Goes to Asia Extremism in the Middle East Isn't Only Spreading West By Joseph Chinyong Liow S E P T E M B E R 2 1 , 2 0 1 4 A man prays in a mosque outside Kuala Lumpur. (Courtesy Reuters) s the United States sought in recent weeks to assemble an international coalition to combat the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS, also known as the Islamic A State), it looked mostly to the Middle East and Europe, regions that it said face a direct threat from the militant Islamist group. But other parts of the world are just as anxious about ISIS -- above all, Southeast Asia. The governments of that region have not publicized their concerns very loudly, but they are acutely aware that ISIS is a menace. Their top concern is that its extremist ideology will prove attractive to the region’s many Muslims, lure some of them to the Middle East to fight as part of the group, and ultimately be imported back to the region when these militants return home. There is a clear precedent for this scenario. During the 1980s, many young Muslims from Southeast Asia went to Pakistan to support the Afghan mujahideen’s so-called jihad against Soviet occupation. Many of these recruits subsequently stayed in the region, mingling with like-minded Muslims from all around and gaining exposure to al Qaeda’s militant ideology. -
“Western Women in Jihad, Triumph of Conservatism Or Export of Sexual
Simon Bonnet Master in International security. Spring 2014-2015 Western women in jihad, triumph of conservatism or export of sexual revolution? According to a recent study from the Cease Fire Center For The Human Rights, a NGO supported by the European Union, more than 14000 women have been killed in Iraq since 2003. While far from being the sole perpetrator of violence against women, the organization of the Islamic state (the former Al Qaeda in Iraq) has been particularly active in oppressing them, first in Iraq were it started operating in 2004, then in Syria in the context of the uprising against the regime of Bashar Al Assad. Uncountable acts of violence: sexual assaults, abductions, rapes, trafficking in women and girls, have been perpetrated by this organization as a tactic of terror in coherence with its strategy of waging a total war against society (Peritz and Maller, 2015). ISIS attempts to create a new, pure, Sunni society across Syria and Iraq in « the Bilad a-cham ». It is realized through a strategy of ethnic cleansing targeting Shia and non-Islamic communities, as well as many Sunni opponents. Women have paid a very heavy toll with the recent highly advertised reintroduction of slavery for Yazidi women, thus symbolizing the brutality of ISIS’ regime against women. An unprecedented flow a foreign fighters, including from Western countries, are converging into Syria (and to a lesser extent Iraq) to join ISIS and other jihadist formations since 2012. The proclamation of the caliphate by the leader of ISIS, Abu Bakr al Baghdadi in July 2014 has even further accentuated the trend. -
Political and Philosophical Discourse on the Border Between the Caliphate and Terrorism – ISIS
Center for Open Access in Science ▪ Belgrade - SERBIA 2nd International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.02.05059c 2IeCSHSS ▪ ISBN (Online) 978-86-81294-01-7 ▪ 2018: 59-74 _________________________________________________________________________ Political and Philosophical Discourse on the Border Between the Caliphate and Terrorism – ISIS Vladimir Stefanov Chukov University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev”, Faculty of Business and Management Received 11 October 2018 ▪ Revised 30 November 2018 ▪ Accepted 5 December 2018 Abstract The Islamic terrorism has unleashed the migration wave to Europe from the Middle East countries. On 30 June 2014 the extremist organization the “Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant” (ISIS or ISIL) has announced the establishment of a caliphate. With this act its leaders not only has shocked the region and the world, but also they challenged the contemporary Islamic theologians. As a matter of fact, “khalifa” Abu Bakar al-Baghdadi triggered the most important “takfiri”, apostatizing trend within Muslim world. They formed the dogmatic case which brought to the surface the group as a real entity which has long struggled leadership among the other terrorist formations. After the announcement of the caliphate ISIL, it abolished “Iraq and the Levant” from its name and became only the “Islamic state”, and it does claiming their uniqueness to their competitors. This terrorist organization has had a long history in Iraq. It has appeared on the map of extremist actors of still living former dictator Saddam Hussein. Its “birth date” is about 2000 and its creator is the Jordanian Abu Musaab Zarqawi. -
First-Hand Accounts from Westerners Who Defected from Isis: Recruitment, Allegiance, Defection
FIRST-HAND ACCOUNTS FROM WESTERNERS WHO DEFECTED FROM ISIS: RECRUITMENT, ALLEGIANCE, DEFECTION by Vander Biondi-Copeland A research study submitted to John Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Baltimore, Maryland December 2019 © 2019 Vander Biondi-Copeland All Rights Reserved Abstract Jihadist terrorist organization Islamic State (ISIS) has demonstrated a formidable ability to recruit Western civilians as future members. Although prior studies have investigated ISIS’ recruitment techniques targeting Americans and Europeans, much of this research has been limited in inquiry and scope. This study seeks to offer a more comprehensive review through eyewitness accounts from ISIS defectors now residing in the West. This research study aims to assist counterterrorism personnel in combatting ISIS recruitment, help Westerners recognize family and peers that may be in jeopardy of radicalization, offer lessons to Westerners who may be contemplating membership in jihadist organizations, and educate American society on how to defeat terrorist marketing in the West. Ultimately, the data accumulated through third-party interviews with Western jihadist recruits only partially confirmed the hypothesis above. While the data sufficiently identified the catalysts for ISIS membership and provided clear warnings for future sympathizers, it only offered general guidance to counterterrorist personnel and the greater public. The fact that the hypothesis was hence only somewhat realized signifies the need for greater research of Western recruits. Advisors and Readers Advisor: Professor Sarah Clark. Readers: Dr. Joana Cook and Dr. Elena Mastors. ii Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………. i Introduction………………………………………………………………………………… 1 Literature Review……………………………………………………….………………. 3 Hypothesis & Methods…………………………………………………………………. 10 Data…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 12 Defectors Interviewed………………………………………………………… 12 Protocol Questions……………………………………………….................... -
Diplomová Práce
Návrat manželek daeš bojovníků do rodných zemí – nová hrozba? DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Studijní program: OCHRANA OBYVATELSTVA Autor: Bc. Michaela Zamrazilová Vedoucí práce: Ing. Hana Vlachová, Ph.D. České Budějovice 2020 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že svoji diplomovou práci s názvem „Návrat manželek daeš bojovníků do rodných zemí – nová hrozba?“ jsem vypracovala samostatně pouze s použitím pramenů v seznamu citované literatury. Prohlašuji, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. v platném znění souhlasím se zveřejněním své diplomové práce, a to v nezkrácené podobě elektronickou cestou ve veřejně přístupné části databáze STAG provozované Jihočeskou univerzitou v Českých Budějovicích na jejích internetových stránkách, a to se zachováním mého autorského práva k odevzdanému textu této kvalifikační práce. Souhlasím dále s tím, aby toutéž elektronickou cestou byly v souladu s uvedeným ustanovením zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. zveřejněny posudky školitele a oponentů práce i záznam o průběhu a výsledku obhajoby diplomové práce. Rovněž souhlasím s porovnáním textu mé diplomové práce s databází kvalifikačních prací Theses.cz provozovanou Národním registrem vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací a systémem na odhalování plagiátů. V Českých Budějovicích dne 28.5.2020 …………………………… Poděkování Na tomto místě bych ráda poděkovala za odborný dohled a pečlivou spolupráci své vedoucí práce paní Ing. Haně Vlachové, Ph.D. a také Bc. Iloně Skořepové za čas, který věnovala čtení této práce a podpoře, kterou mi dodává. Návrat manželek daeš bojovníků do rodných zemí – nová hrozba? Abstrakt Cílem diplomové práce je ověření hypotézy, zda jsou navracející se ženy, manželky džihádistických bojovníků z území Islamského státu zpět do rodných zemí v Evropě bezpečnostní hrozbou pro evropskou společnost. V práci je využito několik metod jako empiricko-analytická metoda, metoda komparativní případové studie a SWOT analýza, které mají autorce pomoci s nalezením odpovědí na tuto hypotetickou otázku. -
ISIS and Innovative Propaganda: Confronting Extremism in the Digital
ISIS and Innovative Propaganda Confronting Extremism in the Digital Age Dylan Gerstel In the wake of the horrific Paris terror rent digital environment, rather than recy- attacks in November President Obama de- cle counter-messaging tactics of the past. clared, “ISIS is the face of evil [and] our goal is to... destroy this barbaric organiza- There are several challenges to devel- tion.” (White House, 2015) Global leaders oping an e↵ective policy response to ISIS and organizations have echoed this call to propaganda. First and foremost is the arms. Yet it has been more than a year ungoverned and loosely regulated nature since the fall of Mosul and ISIS is not signif- of social media. Although it is possi- icantly weakened. In his statement to the ble to shut down individual Twitter ac- G20 President Obama outlined the United counts affiliated with terrorist organiza- States’ military, diplomatic, and countert- tions, they often reappear within hours error strategy for containing ISIS. This ap- under a slightly di↵erent account name. proach is failing because it does not ad- While the hacker collective Anonymous equately challenge ISIS’s propaganda ma- boasts of suspending 20,000 ISIS-related chine. Although the President acknowl- Twitter profiles, (RT International, 2015) edged ISIS is “very savvy when it comes these users will simply create new accounts. to social media, and able to infiltrate the Second, the media airing “news-worthy” minds of. disa↵ected individuals around propaganda assists ISIS. The gruesome ex- the world” there has been no comprehen- ecution video of American journalist James sive counter-messaging response from the Foley circulated with the help of CNN and West. -
United States District Court for the District of Columbia
Case 1:19-cv-00445-RBW Document 33 Filed 12/17/19 Page 1 of 27 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ) AHMED ALI MUTHANA, individually, ) and as next friend of Hoda Muthana and ) Minor John Doe, ) ) Plaintiff, ) v. ) Civil Action No. 19-445 (RBW) ) MICHAEL POMPEO, in his official ) UNDER SEAL capacity as Secretary of the Department of ) State, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) ) MEMORANDUM OPINION The plaintiff, Ahmed Ali Muthana, brings this civil action individually and as the next friend of his daughter, Hoda Muthana, and minor grandson, John Doe, against the defendants, Michael Pompeo, in his official capacity as the Secretary of the United States Department of State (“the “State Department”); Donald J. Trump, in his official capacity as the President of the United States; and William Barr, in his official capacity as the Attorney General of the United States (collectively, the “defendants”), seeking expedited declaratory, injunctive, and mandamus relief, see Expedited Complaint for Declaratory Judgment, Injunctive Relief and Petition for Writ of Mandamus (“Compl.” or the “Complaint”) ¶ 1, in his attempt to have the Court order that his daughter and grandson be permitted to enter the United States and that he be permitted to provide financial support to them while they are in Syria. After denying the plaintiff’s first request for expedited consideration of the relief requested by the plaintiff on March 11, 2019, see Order at 4 (Mar. 11, 2019), ECF No. 18, on November 14, 2019, the Court granted the Plaintiff’s Renewed Motion for Expedited Ruling Case 1:19-cv-00445-RBW Document 33 Filed 12/17/19 Page 2 of 27 (“Pl.’s Mot.” or the “renewed motion for expedited consideration”) and granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ Motion to Dismiss or, in the Alternative, for Partial Summary Judgment (“Defs.’ Mot.” or the “motion to dismiss”),1 see Order at 1–2 (Nov. -
Isis in the West
NEW INTERNATIONAL AMERICA SECURITY PETER BERGEN, COURTNEY SCHUSTER, AND DAVID STERMAN ISIS IN THE WEST THE NEW FACES OF EXTREMISM NOVEMBER 2015 About New America About the International Security Program New America is dedicated to the renewal of American The International Security Program aims to provide politics, prosperity, and purpose in the Digital Age. We evidence-based analysis of some of the thorniest carry out our mission as a nonprofit civic enterprise: an questions facing American policymakers and the public. intellectual venture capital fund, think tank, technology The program is largely focused on South Asia and the laboratory, public forum, and media platform. Our Middle East, al-Qaeda and allied groups, the rise of hallmarks are big ideas, impartial analysis, pragmatic political Islam, the proliferation of weapons of mass policy solutions, technological innovation, next destruction (WMD), homeland security, and the activities generation politics, and creative engagement with broad of U.S. Special Forces and the CIA. The program is also audiences. Find out more at newamerica.org/our-story. examining how warfare is changing because of emerging technologies, such as drones, cyber threats, and space- based weaponry, and asking how the nature and global About The Authors spread of these technologies is likely to change the very definition of what war is. Peter Bergen is a print, television and web journalist, documentary producer and the The authors would like to thank Emily Schneider and author or editor of six books, three of which Justin Lynch for their assistance with this research. were New York Times bestsellers and three of which were named among the best non- fiction books of the year by The Washington Post.