Inquiry-Based Laboratory Work in Chemistry
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Experiment 5: Molar Volume of a Gas (Mg + Hcl)
1 CHEM 30A EXPERIMENT 5: MOLAR VOLUME OF A GAS (MG + HCL) Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this lab, the student will be able to: 1) Demonstrate a single replacement reaction. 2) Calculate the molar volume of a gas at STP using experimental data. 3) Calculate the molar mass of a metal using experimental data. Introduction Metals that are above hydrogen in the activity series will displace hydrogen from an acid and produce hydrogen gas. Magnesium is an example of a metal that is more active than hydrogen in the activity series. The reaction between magnesium metal and aqueous hydrochloric acid is an example of a single replacement reaction (a type of redox reaction). The chemical equation for this reaction is shown below: Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) è MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Equation 1 When the reaction between the metal and the acid is conducted in a eudiometer, the volume of the hydrogen gas produced can be easily determined. In the experiment described below magnesium metal will be reacted with an excess of hydrochloric acid and the volume of hydrogen gas produced at the experimental conditions will be determined. According to Avogadro’s law, the volume of one mole of any gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP = 273 K and 1 atm) is 22.4 L. Two important Gas Laws are required in order to convert the experimentally determined volume of hydrogen gas to that at STP. 1. Dalton’s law of partial pressures. 2. Combined gas law. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures According to Dalton’s law of partial pressures in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. -
Atomic Layer Deposition on Dispersed Materials in Liquid Phase by Stoichiometrically Limited Injections
COMMUNICATION www.advmat.de Atomic Layer Deposition on Dispersed Materials in Liquid Phase by Stoichiometrically Limited Injections Benjamin P. Le Monnier, Frederick Wells, Farzaneh Talebkeikhah, and Jeremy S. Luterbacher* deposition.[2] Since then, processes for Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a well-established vapor-phase technique depositing a range of materials including for depositing thin films with high conformality and atomically precise oxides, nitrides, hybrids and even metals [3–5] control over thickness. Its industrial development has been largely confined have been developed. This wide to wafers and low-surface-area materials because deposition on high-surface- variety of materials combined with its atomic-level precision has made ALD area materials and powders remains extremely challenging. Challenges with a formidable tool for the fabrication of such materials include long deposition times, extensive purging cycles, and nanostructured materials such as transis- requirements for large excesses of precursors and expensive low-pressure tors, solar cells and fuel cells.[6] equipment. Here, a simple solution-phase deposition process based on More recently, processes have been subsequent injections of stoichiometric quantities of precursor is performed developed to apply ALD to high-surface- area materials (>10 m2 g−1), including using common laboratory synthesis equipment. Precisely measured precursor powders for various applications, from stoichiometries avoid any unwanted reactions in solution and ensure layer-by- passivation of photoactive material to cata- layer growth with the same precision as gas-phase ALD, without any excess lyst preparation.[7,8] With such materials, precursor or purging required. Identical coating qualities are achieved when long exposure time (minutes vs millisec- onds for wafers), both for purge and reac- comparing this technique to Al2O3 deposition by fluidized-bed reactor ALD tion cycles, must be coupled with effec- (FBR-ALD). -
22 Bull. Hist. Chem. 8 (1990)
22 Bull. Hist. Chem. 8 (1990) 15 nntn Cn r fr l 4 0 tllOt f th r h npntd nrpt ltd n th brr f th trl St f nnlvn n thr prt nd ntn ntl 1 At 1791 1 frn 7 p 17 AS nntn t h 3 At 179 brr Cpn f hldlph 8Gztt f th Untd Stt Wdnd 3 l 1793 h ntr nnnnt rprdd n W Ml "njn h Cht"Ch 1953 37-77 h pn pr dtd 1 l 179 nd nd b Gr Whntn th frt ptnt d n th Untd Stt S M ntr h rt US tnt" Ar rt Invnt hn 199 6(2 1- 19 ttrfld ttr fnjn h Arn hl- phl St l rntn 1951 pp 7 9 20h drl Gztt 1793 (20 Sptbr Qtd n Ml rfrn 1 1 W Ml rfrn 1 pp 7-75 William D. Williams is Professor of Chemistry at Harding r brt tr University, Searcy, Al? 72143. He collects and studies early American chemistry texts. Wyndham D. Miles. 24 Walker their British cultural heritage. To do this, they turned to the Avenue, Gaithersburg, MD 20877, is winner of the 1971 schools (3). This might explain why the Virginia assembly Dexter Award and is currently in the process of completing the took time in May, 1780 - during a period when their highest second volume of his biographical dictionary. "American priority was the threat of British invasion following the fall of Chemists and Chemical Engineers". Charleston - to charter the establishment of Transylvania Seminary, which would serve as a spearhead of learning in the wilderness (1). -
CO2 and Mass Chemistry
CSI: Climate Status Investigations-High School CO2 and Mass Chemistry Background: Many students believe that gases like carbon dioxide (CO2) do not have mass. The fact is that atmospheric gases like CO2 and methane (CH4) have a tremendous amount of mass if you consider how much there is of them in our atmosphere. Goal: Students will determine if CO2 and CH4 have mass. Objectives: Students will … Identify that CO2 and CH4 have mass Use chemistry to determine the mass of CO2 and CH4 Learn about the density of CH4(g) Materials (per lab group): 1 - 125ml flask 1 large 12 inch balloon 1 pin (or scissors) 1 microspoon spatula 30g of baking soda 60ml of vinegar 50ml beaker Triple beam balance or similar scale Metal pie tin Safety glasses for each student CO2 and Mass – Data Sheet and Lab Procedure for each student CO2 and mass – CH4 Lab Procedure and Student Sheet for each student 60ml syringe of CH4 from Trapping CO2 lab Large bulb polyethylene transfer pipette Scissors Candle in holder Matches or lighter 3% dish soap solution Safety glasses for each student 2cm length latex tubing Time Required: Two, 45-60 minute periods Standards Met: S1, S2, S3, S6, S7 Procedure: PREP Gather all of the necessary lab materials and run a test lab to be certain of safety procedures. Give each group one lab set-up. Explain that they will be creating CO2 and CH4 in class and using these gases to examine mass and density. 1 The Keystone Center CSI: Climate Status Investigations-High School DAY ONE Review safety procedures with the students. -
Determination of Calcium Metal in Calcium Cored Wire
Asian Journal of Chemistry; Vol. 25, No. 17 (2013), 9439-9441 http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2013.15017 Determination of Calcium Metal in Calcium Cored Wire 1,* 1 2 1 1 HUI DONG QIU , MEI HAN , BO ZHAO , GANG XU and WEI XIONG 1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Chong Qing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China 2Shang Hai Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, P.R. China *Corresponding author: Tel: +86 23 65023763; E-mail: [email protected] (Received: 24 December 2012; Accepted: 1 October 2013) AJC-14200 The calcium analysis method in cored wire products is mainly measuring the total calcium content, including calcium oxide and calcium carbonate. According to the chemical composition of calcium cored wire and the chemical property of the active calcium in it, the gas volumetric method has been established for the determination of calcium content in calcium cored wire and a set of analysis device is also designed. Sampling in the air directly, intercepting the inner filling material of samples, reacting with water for 10 min, using standard comparison method and then the accurate calcium content can be available. The recovery rate of the experimental method was 93-100 %, the standard deviation is less than 0.4 %. The method is suitable for the determination the calcium in the calcium cored wire and containing active calcium fractions. Key Words: Calcium cored wire, Active calcium, Gas volumetric method. INTRODUCTION various state of the calcium. However, because the sample is heterogeneous and the amount of the sample for instrumental 1-4 The calcium cored wire is used to purify the molten analysis is small, thus such sampling can not estimate charac- steel, modify the form of inclusions, improve the casting and teristics of the whole ones accurately, so there are flaws to use mechanical properties of the steel and also reduce the cost of the instrumental analysis to determine the calcium metal in steel. -
Carolina Biological Supply Staining Rack and Tray, a General Utility Stainless Steel Tray and Rack Well Is 8" L X 6" W and 1 1/2" S
Bid # 18‐26 Science Supplies and Equipment Form of Proposal Item No. Item Description QTY Unit Vendor Names for Reference Purposes Only Carolina Biological Supply Staining rack and tray, a general utility stainless steel tray and rack well is 8" L x 6" W and 1 1/2" S. Overall size is 9" L x 7" W x 1 1/2" D. 4ea 1 # 742001 Electrophoresis chamber Tray makes a gel 3 1/4" W x 3 3/4" L. Safety interlock lid prevents operation unless lid is securely in place. Features 6ea 1/4" durable acrylic construction. Includes heavy, nonwarping gel‐ casting tray, makred to assist in easy sample loading and two 8‐tooth 2 combs for running 8 or 16 samples, # 213668 Microscope slide with 3 separate smears showing the characteristic 24 ea size and form of the following types of bacteria: baciluss, coccus and 3 spirillum Gram stain, # 293964 A whole mount of E. coli bacteria on a prepared microscope slide, # 24 ea 4 294546 24 ea 5 Streptococcus, wm gram stain slide, # 294738 1ea 6 Practice Pipetting stations Kit, # 211145 NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR INFORMATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. THIS IS NOT AN OFFICIAL BID DOCUMENT. 24 ea 7 Floating Microtube Racks, # 215578 Pyrex Glass Graduated Cylinder, Single Metric Scale, 1000 ml, # 4ea 8 721794 Page 1 of 14 Bid # 18‐26 Science Supplies and Equipment Form of Proposal Item No. Item Description QTY Unit Total Cost Vendor Names for Reference Purposes Only 10 ea 9 Sunflower Older Stem l.s. 12µm Microscope slide, # 303104 10 ea 10 Oscillatoria Slide, w.m. -
XXIX. on the Magnetic Susceptibilities of Hydrogen and Some Other Gases
Philosophical Magazine Series 6 ISSN: 1941-5982 (Print) 1941-5990 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tphm17 XXIX. On the magnetic susceptibilities of hydrogen and some other gases Také Soné To cite this article: Také Soné (1920) XXIX. On the magnetic susceptibilities of hydrogen and some other gases , Philosophical Magazine Series 6, 39:231, 305-350, DOI: 10.1080/14786440308636042 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786440308636042 Published online: 08 Apr 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 6 View related articles Citing articles: 16 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=6phm20 Download by: [RMIT University Library] Date: 20 June 2016, At: 12:34 E 3o5 XXIX. On the MAgnetic Susceptibilities of llydrogen uud some otl~er Gases. /33/TAK~; S0~; *. INDEX TO SECTIONS. 1. INTRODUCTION. ~O. METI~OD OF 5LEASUREMENT. o. APPARATUS :FOR }IEASU14EIMF~NT. (a) Magnetic bMance. (b) Compressor and measuring tube. 4. PIt0CEDUI{E :FOR BIEASUREMENTS. (a) Adjustment of the measuring tube. (b) Determination of the mass. (c) Method of filling the measuring tube with gas. (d) Electromagnet. (e} Method of experiments. 5. Ain. 6. OXYGEN. ~. CARBON DIOXIDE. 8. NITROGEN. 9. ItYDI~0G~N. (a) Preparation of pure hydrogen gas. (b) Fillin~ the measuring tube with the gas. (e) YCesults el'magnetic measurement. (d} Purity of the hydrogen gas. 10. CONCLUDING REMARKS. wi. INTRODUCTION. N the electron theory of magnetism, it is assumed that I the magnetism is duo to electrons revolving about the positive nucleus in the atom; and hence the electronic structure of the atom has a very important bearing on its magnetic properties. -
A Study of Form and Content for a Laboratory Manual to Be Used by Students in General Chemistry Laboratory
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 1946-01-01 A study of form and content for a laboratory manual to be used by students in general chemistry laboratory Berne P. Broadbent Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Broadbent, Berne P., "A study of form and content for a laboratory manual to be used by students in general chemistry laboratory" (1946). Theses and Dissertations. 8176. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8176 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. ?_(j;, . , i. ~ ~ (12 ' -8?5: 11% -· • A STUDY OF FOFM CONTENTFOR A LABORATORY -\ .AND MANUALTO BE USED BY STUDENTSIN GENERALCEEi/IISTRY LABORATORY' A THESIS SUBMITTEDTO \ THE DEPAR'.I3\t1Ell."'T OF CHEMISTRY OF ··! BRIGHAMYOUNG UNIVERSITY,. IN PARTIALFULFII.lllENT OF THEREQ,UIREMENTS·FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTEROF SCIENCE ... .,; . •·' .. ...• • .• . • "f ... ·.. .. ,. ·: :. !./:.•:-.:.lo>•.-,:... ... ... ..........• • • • p ,.. .,• • • ...• • . ~. ••,,. ................. :... ~•••,,.c • ..............• • • • • • .. f" ·~•-~-·"••• • • • ... • .., : :·.•··•:'"'•••:'"',. ·.-··.::· 147141 BY BERNEP. BROADBENT . " 1946 .,_ - ii \ ., This Thesis by Berne P.- Broadbent is accepted in 1ts P:esent form by the Departm·ent of Chem�stry as satisfying the Thesis requirement.for the degree of .J Master of Science • ,• . - .} .. iii PREF.ACE The constantly broadening field assigned to general chemistry demands that material be carefully selected and that ever increasing attention be given to preparing this material and presenting it_ to the student.- The following study was made to develop a laboratory manual that would increase the effectiveness of laboratory work. -
CHAPTER 15 the Laboratory
CHAPTER 15 The Laboratory These skills are usually tested on the SAT Subject Test in Chemistry. You should be able to . • Name, identify, and explain proper laboratory rules and procedures. • Identify and explain the proper use of laboratory equipment. • Use laboratory data and observations to make proper interpretations and conclusions. This chapter will review and strengthen these skills. Be sure to do the Practice Exercises at the end of the chapter. Laboratory setups vary from school to school depending on whether the lab is equipped with macro- or microscale equipment. Microlabs use specialized equipment that allows lab work to be done on a much smaller scale. The basic principles are the same as when using full-sized equipment, but microscale equipment lowers the cost of materials, results in less waste, and poses less danger. The examples in this book are of macroscale experiments. Along with learning to use microscale equipment, most labs require a student to learn how to use technological tools to assist in experiments. The most common are: Gravimetric balance with direct readings to thousandths of a gram instead of a triple-beam balance pH meters that give pH readings directly instead of using indicators Spectrophotometer, which measures the percentage of light transmitted at specific frequencies so that the molarity of a sample can be determined without doing a titration Computer-assisted labs that use probes to take readings, e.g., temperature and pressure, so that programs available for computers can print out a graph of the relationship of readings taken over time LABORATORY SAFETY RULES The Ten Commandments of Lab Safety The following is a summary of rules you should be well aware of in your own chemistry lab. -
BRAND - Your Partner in the Lab
BRAND - Your Partner in the Lab. Worldwide. General Catalog 900 ® Trademark Index accu-jet®, BIO-CERT®, BLAUBRAND®, BRAND®, BRANDplates ®, cell-culture™, cellGrade™, Dispensette®, EASYCAL™, HandyStep®, hydroGrade™, immunoGrade™, inertGrade™, lipoGrade™, nano-cap™, PLASTIBRAND®, pureGrade™, QuikSip™, SafetyPrime™, seripettor®, Titrette®, Transferpette®, as well as the logo design marks depicted here, are trademarks of BRAND GMBH + CO KG, Germany. The following brands and trademarks as referenced in the current catalog are property of their respective third-party owners as listed below: Referenced brand/trademark Owner AMERSHAM® GE HEALTHCARE LIMITED, GB APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS® Applied Biosystems LLC, USA AR-GLAS® SCHOTT AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, Germany AutoRep™ Rainin Instrument, LLC, USA BECKMAN® Beckman Coulter, Inc., USA BIOHIT® Sartorius Biohit Liquid Handling Oy, Finland BIOMETRA® Biometra Biomedizinische Analytik GmbH, Germany BIORAD® BIO-RAD LABORATORIES GMBH, Germany Combitips® Eppendorf AG, Germany COULTER COUNTER® BECKMAN COULTER INC., USA EDISONITE® Schülke & Mayr GbmH, Germany Encode™ Rainin Instrument, LLC, USA Eppendorf® Eppendorf AG, Germany FINNPIPETTE® Thermo Fisher Scientific Oy, Finland GILSON® Gilson, Inc., USA LightCycler® Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Germany MegaBace® GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, GB METTLER TOLEDO® Mettler-Toledo AG, Switzerland MICROSOFT® MICROSOFT CORPORATION, USA MJ RESEARCH® BIO-RAD LABORATORIES, INC., USA Mucasol® Schülke & Mayr GbmH, Germany Mucocit® Schülke & Mayr GbmH, Germany Multipette® Eppendorf AG, -
Chm 204 F-14 Expt 13 Gases
Small-scale Preparation of CO2, H2, and O2. In this experiment you will learn a general method for generation of gases inside a large syringe. In addition to the three gases prepared today, the same method can be used to prepare a variety of other gases. Microscale Gas Chemistry Kits. Each pair of students will need certain equipment in order to prepare gases and perform experiments with the gases. We recommend organizing this equipment in 8-cup plastic food storage containers. Each kit should contain: v two 60 mL plastic syringes with a LuerLOK fitting v two Latex LuerLOK syringe caps v two plastic vial caps v one 15 cm length of Latex tubing v one 3 cm length of Latex tubing v one clear plastic beverage cup (250 mL/9 oz) v two small plastic weighing dishes v two small test tubes (12 x 100 mm) v glass pipet filled with copper wool v wooden splint v matches v wide-mouth beverage bottle (student supplied) v plastic pipet The In-Syringe Method for Preparing Gas Samples. The general strategy of the method is to react two substances in a 60 mL syringe. The limiting reagent is always used in solid form and is placed in a small vial cap. The second reagent is prepared as an aqueous solution. For example, one could generate CO2(g) from excess aqueous acetic acid and solid NaHCO3, as the limiting reagent. The solid reagent. The solid reagent is placed in the vial cap that is then lowered into the syringe barrel by water flotation. -
5070 S17 Qp 12.Pdf
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level CHEMISTRY 5070/12 Paper 1 Multiple Choice May/June 2017 1 hour Additional Materials: Multiple Choice Answer Sheet *8111012495 Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided * unless this has been done for you. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet. A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16. Electronic calculators may be used. This document consists of 14 printed pages and 2 blank pages. IB17 06_5070_12/3RP © UCLES 2017 [Turn over 2 1 The diagram shows four pieces of apparatus that are used to measure the volume of a gas or liquid. Which piece of apparatus should always be filled to the same level? A B C D burette gas syringe measuring cylinder pipette 2 The diagrams show the structures of two forms of carbon. XY Which of X and Y conduct electricity? X Y A B C D © UCLES 2017 5070/12/M/J/17 3 3 An aqueous solution of zinc chloride is tested by adding reagents.