Biogaspartner – a Joint Initiative

biogaspartner – a joint initiative.

Biogas Grid Injection in Germany and Europe – Market, Technology and Players.

Content.

Introduction...... 4

Project: biogaspartner...... 6

1.1 Project description...... 6 1.2 The partners of the Biogas Partnership...... 7

Market Development in Germany...... 8

2.1 Market development...... 8 2.2 Project examples...... 12 2.3 Political framework for biogas injection in Germany. .... 20

Market Development in Europe...... 24

3.1 Market development...... 24 3.2 Project examples...... 29

Value Chain of Biomethane...... 32

4.1 Biomass production...... 32 4.2 Logistics...... 32 4.3 Biogas production...... 33 4.4 Biogas upgrade...... 33 4.5 Grid feed-in...... 35 4.6 Sales and trade...... 36 4.7 Application fields...... 37

Companies and Market Players...... 38

Abbreviations...... 69

Glossary...... 70

3 Introduction.

There are many good reasons for biomethane.

One of the most efficient ways of using biomass for energy pro- applications as well as on political parameters and the market duction is the generation of biogas. Innovative technologies are development of biogas injection in Germany and Europe. The available on the market, allowing biogas to be upgraded to nat- key virtues and versatility of biomethane are presented in brief ural gas quality – also called “biomethane” or “bio-natural gas” in the following. – and to be fed into the natural gas grid. This process enables the replacement of conventional natural gas in many areas, thus representing an important contribution to climate protection. Active climate protection. Currently, about 30 plants feed biomethane into the natural gas grid in Germany. Several other projects are currently being Biomethane extracted from biomass can replace fossil-based planned or constructed, with a clear growth trend. natural gas. It can in this way abate the emissions from green- This brochure provides an overview on the various stages house gases, and thus achieve an important contribution to along the value chain of biomethane, from its production to its a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy economy. Natural energy sources like biomethane release only as much

CO2 as is absorbed from the atmosphere by plants as they mature. Thereby, the ideal circumstances for climate-neutral energy consumption become conceivable.

Reduced import dependency.

Some 97 percent of Germany’s oil and over 80 percent of the country’s natural gas is imported. Biomethane, on the other hand, is created from indigenous, renewable resources and organic waste products. Legitimate prognoses project a sufficient amount of resources for biomethane to supply 10 percent of Germany’s demand for natural gas by 2030. These calcula- tions take into consideration Germany’s overall energy goals for the future. This approach would allow the country to import less natural gas, and to significantly increase energy security simultaneously.

4 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Introduction.

Regional development. Stabilisation of the energy system.

The production of biogas from regional resources creates jobs, The supply of biogas and biomethane can be maintained all especially in agriculture, supply logistics, engineering, and year round. Slurry, manure and organic waste resulting from plant construction and maintenance. In particular, this allows food processing continue to accumulate. Similarly, harvested local farmers to profit from resulting developments in related biomass is stored in silos designed to be large enough to main- “non-food” sectors of local economic development. These sec- tain the necessary supply of energy from biogas throughout the tors provide increased planning security and create an opportu- year. Thus, the production of biogas and biomethane makes an nity for alternative sources of revenue. important contribution to a stable and reliable energy supply. The regularity of supply has the ability to balance the fluctuat- ing electricity production originating from alternative renew- Eco-friendliness. able energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic.

A variety of organic materials can be used in biogas plants exclusively, or in combination with others, without substantial Versatility of application. technical alternation to the facility. Typically, crops commonly used for the generation of energy are processed together with Biomethane is more flexible in its application than any other biogenic waste, thus providing site-specific adaptability of the renewable source of energy. Its ability to be injected directly energy mixture used. into the existing natural gas grid allows for energy-efficient and cost-effective transport. This allows gas grid operators to provide consumers with an easy transition to a renewable source Material flow at local level. of gas.

Biogas plants are always located in close proximity to areas The diverse, flexible spectrum of applications in the areas of where biomass is cultivated. This circumvents the need for electricity generation, heat provision, and mobility creates a energy-intensive transportation of energy crops to the plant broad base of potential customers. Biomethane can be used to location, and minimises the cost of redistributing the byproduct generate electricity and heating in smaller decentralised, or throughout surrounding cropland. The byproduct can be used large centrally-located combined heat and power plants. It can as a commercial fertiliser, thus reducing the costs associated be used by heating systems with a highly efficient fuel value, with the regular purchase of manufactured fertiliser. The use of and employed as a regenerative power source in gas-powered all biogas byproducts ensures the optimisation of the value- vehicles. The utilisation of biomethane as a source of energy added chain of this resource. thus is a crucial step toward a sustainable energy supply.

5 Project: biogaspartner.

Project: biogaspartner.

1.1 Project description. Cooperation creates added value. The injection of biogas into the gas grid offers added value at In collaboration with industry partners spanning the entire many levels: biomass provision, generation, processing, mar- value chain of biomethane, the Deutsche Energie-Agentur keting, transportation, distribution and application in the elec- GmbH (dena) – the German Energy Agency – has developed the tricity, heat and transport sectors. Both technical and economic “biogaspartner” project. The aim of this project is to develop the optimisation exists at each of these stages in the value chain. leading platform for the injection of biogas into the natural gas Industry expertise is required to exploit this potential. Dynamic network and the utilisation of injected biomethane. Stakehold- cooperation between the players will allow not only the state ers along the whole supply chain are joining the project to sup- subsidy mechanisms to function better, but also boost invest- port the development of the young market. dena’s role in the ment and innovation. dena is therefore offering membership in project is to act as a neutral facilitator and to provide a platform the Biogas Partnership as a means of supporting this process. both for the acquisition and preparation of information and for its distribution both in Germany and abroad. The project’s Next to cooperation, acceptance and transparency are the main market-oriented approach will supplement the efforts of the fields of acitivity of the Biogas Partnership. The project provides German government to establish the injection of biogas into the objectively prepared, valid information on economic, legal, natural gas network as a fixed component of the future energy technical and ecological questions related to the injection of mix. biogas, making a significant contribution to objective discus- sion. The aim of the acceptance field is to communicate the The project started as a national initiative but by now also desirability of the feed-in of biomethane to external stake includes the international scope. holders, especially in the light of the omnipresent discussions on the competition for use of crops and the impact of energy crop cultivation on nature and the environment.

Political parameters. The parameters for the injection of biogas in Germany will be defined as a result of the implementation of the government’s integrated energy and climate programme, whereby the target is to exploit a potential of 6 percent (60bn kWh) of today’s natural gas consumption by the year 2020 and 10 percent (100bn kWh) by 2030. This objective is defined in an amendment to the Gas Network Access Ordinance, which came into full effect on April 12, 2008, and regulates the grid access for both suppliers Figure: Fields of activity of the Biogas Partnership. and grid operators. This amendment represents a major step towards a positive market development.

Biomethane can be used not only for standard heating applications, but also for cogeneration, where the resulting energy is subsequently fed into the grid to profit from the feed-in tariffs under the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), and in natural

6 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Project: biogaspartner.

gas powered vehicles. A number of interesting business models German Farmers’ Association (DBV) can be developed to exploit the wide-ranging possibilities for its German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ) gGmbH use. The market players involved have recognised this trend and DZ Bank AG are positioning themselves strategically in this new business E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH segment. EnBW Gas GmbH Enovos Luxembourg S.A. Targets for 2020 – a prognosis. EnviTec Biogas AG The goal of 6 billion cubic metres of biogas by 2020 requires the EPURON GmbH construction of roughly 1,000 big (700 m3/h) or 2,000 medium- erdgas schwaben gmbh sized (350 m3/h) biomethane plants, equalling about 120 plants Evonik New Energies GmbH per year. So, conservative estimates call for an investment of German Biogas Association €10 –12 billion in plant technology. Resource allocation requires Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy that roughly 1.2 million hectares of cultivable land be made Technology UMSICHT available for the development of biomass for biogas by 2020. Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy Systems Technology IWES GASAG Berliner Gaswerke Aktiengesellschaft 1.2 The partners of the Biogas Partnership. GREENFIELD Europe Haase Energietechnik AG The development of the market for the upgrade and feed-in of juwi Bio GmbH biomethane calls for a cooperative collaboration of the market KWS Saat AG players along the value chain of biogas injection. The following Landwärme GmbH companies and associations are cooperating in the project to MT-BioMethan GmbH jointly face the challenges: n.V. Nederlandse Gasunie naWARO BioEnergie AG abicon GmbH ÖKOBiT GmbH agri.capital GmbH PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH arcanum Energy Systems GmbH & Co. KG PRIMAGAS GmbH aufwind Neue Energien GmbH Propan-Gesellschaft mbH BALANCE VNG Bioenergie GmbH ProTech Energiesysteme GmbH Biogasrat e.V. Law firm Schnutenhaus & Kollegen bmp greengas GmbH rES Projects GmbH Böck Silosysteme GmbH rWE Vertrieb AG BDH - Federal Industrial Association of Germany - House, Thüga Energie GmbH Energy and Environmental Technology e.V. TÜV Nord Cert GmbH Bundesverband der Maschinenringe e.V. TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung e.V. viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG cng services ltd volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Dalkia Energie Service GmbH WELtec BioPower GmbH Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e.V. Windwärts Energie GmbH DVGW German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water 7 Market Development in Germany.

Market Development in Germany.

2.1 Market development. watt hours of natural gas each. Applied as biofuel, 257,000 natural gas-dedicated vehicles with a mileage of 20,000 kilometers The German market for the feed-in of biomethane into the grid per year might be supplied with biomethane. is still young. The first two biomethane plants were put into operation at the end of 2006. In 2007, five more plants were The plants which have already been erected or are currently in installed. Around 30 plants were connected to the network by the development or construction stage cover the entire Federal the end of 2009. By the end of 2010, more than 70 plants are Republic of Germany (Figure page 10). While Mecklenburg- expected to be feeding into the German gas grids with a total Western Pomerania is leading in terms of feed-in capacity hourly feed-in capacity of 54,000 cubic meters of biomethane. (due to the large plant Güstrow) the state of Bavaria currently exhibits the most stable growth in terms of the number of With the plants which will presumably be installed by the end projects and is likely to keep this leading role also in the near of 2010, almost 4.2 billion kilowatt hours of biomethane can be future. A strong growth is furthermore expected for the states of generated and fed-in. This amount suffices to cover the final Brandenburg and North Rhine-Westphalia until 2012. energy demand for heating and hot water of 215,000 four- people-households with a yearly consumption of 20,000 kilo-

Location Upgrade Process Status Start of Operation Biomethane Feed-in. Capacity [m3/h] Alteno Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 350 Altenstadt/Hessen No Information Planned 2010 700 Altenstadt/Schongau PWS Operating 2009 690 Aiterhofen/Niederbayern PSA Operating 2009 1,000 Angermünde/Schwanendorf PWS Planned 2009/2010 650 Arneburg Amine Scrubbing Planned 2011 1,250 Arnschwang PWS Construction 2010 690 Barsikow No Information Planned 2010 480 Bergheim/Paffendorf No Information Planned 2010 600 Bergheim/Steinheim No Information Planned 2011 300 Berlin-Ruhleben Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 490 Blaufelden - Emmertsbühl PSA Construction 2010 220 Bliestal No Information Planned 2012 350 Borken / Hessen No Information On Hold 390 Borken / Münsterland No Information Planned 2010 750 Brunne PWS Planned 2009/2010 300 Burgrieden (near Laupheim) PSA Operating 2008 300 Darmstadt-Wixhausen PWS Operating 2008 148 Dorsten PWS Construction 2011 1,300 Drödennindorf Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 250 Eggertshofen/Freising Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 220

8 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

Location Upgrade Process Status Start of Operation Biomethane Feed-in. Capacity [m3/h] Eich in Kallmünz PSA Planned 2010 600 Einbeck Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 500 Feldberg PSA Planned 2010 350 Forchheim im Breisgau BiogasUpgrader Operating 2010 530 Godenstedt Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 300 Graben/Lechfeld PSA Operating 2008 500 Grabsleben Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 350 Gröden Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 250 Guben No Information Planned 2010 750 Güstrow PWS Operating 2009 5,000 Güterglück PSA Operating 2009 650 Hardegsen Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 500 Heskem No Information Planned 2010 460 Holleben II PWS Planned 2010 700 Homburg/Efze PWS Operating 2010 350 Horn - Bad Meinberg Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 1,000 Industriepark Höchst No Information Planned 2011 1,000 Jüterbog No Information Planned 2010 No Information Kerpen PSA Operating 2009 550 Ketzin PSA Operating 2008 200 Kleinlüder bei Fulda No Information Planned 2011 280 Könnern 1 PWS Operating 2007 650 Könnern 2 Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 1,500 Lanken Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 700 Lüchow PWS Operating 2009 650 Maihingen PWS Operating 2008 560 Merzig (Ballern) BiogasUpgrader Planned 2011 500 Mühlacker PSA Operating 2007 500 Neukammer 2 BiogasUpgrader Construction 2010 1,000 Neuss am Niederrhein Amine Scrubbing Operating 2010 165 Neu-Ullrichstein No Information Planned 2010 460 Niederndodeleben No Information Operating 2009 650 Oschatz PSA Construction 2011 700 Pliening PSA Operating 2006 485 Pohlsche Heide PSA Operating 2010 350 Rathenow BiogasUpgrader Operating 2009 520 Rhede Amine Scrubbing Operating 2010 500 Ronnenberg BiogasUpgrader Operating 2008 300 Schöpstal BiogasUpgrader Planned 2010 700 Schornbusch-Euskirchen No Information Planned 2010 350 Schwandorf II PSA Operating 2008 1,000 Schwedt No Information Constrtuction 2010 6,000 Semd PWS Construction 2010 210 Straelen PSA Operating 2006 550 Stresow DWW Planned 2010 650 Tuningen Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 250 Werlte PSA Operating 2007 340 Willingshausen/Ransbach PWS Operating 2010 350 Wittenburg No Information Planned 2009 350 Wüsting No Information Operating 2009 700 Wriezen PSA Construction 2010 650 Zeven Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 125 Zörbig No Information Construction 2010 6,000 Zschornewitz Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 700

Table: Projects for the upgrade and feed-in of biogas into the natural gas grid (Status: May 2010). A regularly updated overview can be found on www.biogaspartner.com.

9 Market Development in Germany.

Lanken, 2010 Güstrow, 2009 Godenstedt, 2007 / 2009 Wittenburg, 2010 Zeven, 2009 Kiel Neukammer II, 2010 Drögennindorf, 2010 Feldberg, 2010 Wüsting, 2009 Schwedt, 2010 Werlte, 2007 Rathenow, 2009 Hamburg Schwerin Barsikow, 2010 Lüchow, 2009 Angermünde/Schwanendorf, 2010 Ronnenberg, 2008 Bremen Arneburg 2011 Pohlsche Heide, 2010 Berlin Ruhleben, 2010 Horn-Bad Meinberg, 2009 Stresow, 2010 Bergheim/Steinheim, 2011 Berlin Wriezen, 2010 Magdeburg Rhede, 2010 Hannover Potsdam Brunne, 2010 Borken/Münsterland, 2010 Jüterborg, 2010 Dorsten, 2010 Guben, 2010 Einbeck, 2009 Ketzin, 2008 Hardegsen, 2009 Güterglück, 2009 Straelen, 2006 Alteno, 2010 Düsseldorf Neuss am Niederrhein, 2010 Dresden Zschornewitz 2010 Kerpen, 2009 Erfurt Zörbig 2010 Neu-Ullrichstein, 2010 Holleben 2010 Heskem, 2010 Gröden, 2010 Schornbusch - Euskirchen, 2010 Oschatz, 2011 Bergheim/Paffendorf, 2010 Wiesbaden Könnern I, 2007 Kleinlüder bei Fulda, 2011 Könnern II, 2009 Altenstadt/Hessen, 2010 Mainz Schöpstal, 2010 Industriepark Höchst, 2011 Niederndodeleben, 2009 Darmstadt/Wixhausen, 2008 Grabsleben, 2010 Semd, 2010 Saarbrücken Homburg, 2010 Blaufelden/Emmertsbühl, 2010 Willingshausen/Ransbach, 2010 Merzig (Ballern), 2011 Schwandorf, 2008 Bliestal 2012 Arnschwang, 2010 Stuttgart Mühlacker, 2007 Maihingen, 2008 Burgrieden (bei Laupheim), 2008 Aiterhofen/Niederbayern, 2009 Forchheim im Breisgau, 2009 Eich in Kallmünz, 2010 München Tunningen, 2009 Graben/Lechfeld, 2008 Altenstadt/Schongau, 2009 Eggertshofen bei Freising 2010 Pliening, 2006

Figure: Geographical distribution of biomethane plants in Germany and (expected) start of operation.

10 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

Due to the diverse amendments to the legal framework in Other federal states are contemplating the implementation of Germany (see page 20), a significant plant growth expansion is similar regulations. Due to the existing infrastructure of the expected in the medium term. gas grid and the existing gas heating system, a sginificant OC 2 reduction could thus be achieved in the short term. Three demand markets are relevant for the application of biomethane in Germany: There is also a trend toward a growing demand in national bio Biomethane for power generation (in cogeneration mode) methane product sales. Similar to “green power” offers in the Biomethane for admixing products (in blends with natural power sector, German private end customers increasingly show gas) a readiness to pay an eco premium for biomethane admixing Biomethane for transport application as biofuel products. Various city works and nationwide gas supply companies have developed and implemented such products. Biomethane for power generation in cogeneration. In order to achieve the best-possible positive impact on the con- Biomethane application as biofuel. servation of our climate, the legislation of the German Federal As a substitute to natural gas, biomethane can be used to fuel Government is aimed at the application of biogas fed-in for natural gas-dedicated vehicles. By means of gas grid feed-in, combined heat and power generation. The main instrument for it can be distributed to the German gas station network and this is the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which explicitly substitute fossil fuels. includes power generation from fed-in biomethane and supports it by means of the technology bonus. Compared to other biofuels, even those of the second generation like biomass-to-liquid (BtL), biomethane is a highly effec- In the medium term, the EEG market is viewed as the leading tive biofuel with a high specific cropland yield. Therefore, from market for biomethane, since based on state-guaranteed tariffs, an economic and technological point of view, it is one of the security and stability can be offered to private investors for 20 most promising alternatives to sustainably apply biomass in the years. A remaining risk factor is the development of substrate vehicle sector. However, the demand in this sector is very much prices, which could not be compensated due to the fixed tariff dependent on the development of the natural gas-dedicated system and might directly affect business revenues. vehicle market. Currently, there are about 90,000 natural gas vehicles in Germany. So for the application of biomethane, the Biomethane as admixing product. biofuel market is merely a niche market under the current con- Biomethane as an admixing product in combination with fossil ditions. Due to the changes in the biofuel quota regulation from natural gas is already offered by some gas suppliers in admix- June 2009, however, a new impetus for this sales market is to be ing quotas ranging from 5 to 20 percent. The latter quota is expected: biomethane can now be counted in context with the especially common in Baden-Württemberg, where customers biofuel quota goals of the German Federal Government. thus can fulfill the requirements of the Renewable Heat Law Baden-Württemberg. In contrast to the nationally effective EEWärmeG, which only calls for the utilisation of biomethane in exceptional cases, and only if used in a cogeneration process, the Heat Law of the State of Baden-Württemberg also allows the application in exclusive heat generation.

11 Market Development in Germany.

2.2 Project examples.

Bergheim-Paffendorf Darmstadt-Wixhausen

Country Germany Country Germany

State North Rhine-Westphalia State Hesse

Location Bergheim/Paffendorf Location Darmstadt-Wixhausen

Start of Operation 2010 Start of Operation April 2008

Biomethane Feed-in 600 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 148 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Feed-in Capacity 46 million kWh p. a. Feed-in Capacity 12 million kWh p. a.

Upgrade Process No information Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas L Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H

Pressure Level No information Pressure Level 16 bar

Raw Material 45,000 t maize and silage (rye, barley) Raw Material 12,550 t renewable raw materials

Investment approx. €10 million Investment approx. €3.5 million

The RWE Innogy plant in Bergheim/Passendorf, near Cologne, In April 2008, Hesse’s first biogas facility has begun operating. will feed biomethane into the natural gas grid at a rate of 600 The €3.5 million installation in Darmstadt-Wixhausen upgrades normal cubic meters per hour. Within a year of its opening, it about 300 m3 of biogas to natural gas quality per hour. It pro- will feed 46 million kWh of biogas energy into the grid. The cesses and injects about 2.5 million m3 of biogas into the natural plant’s feedstocks will be corn silage and cereal plants. RWE gas grid per year – enough to supply about 650 one-family Innogy also plans to use other substrates, e.g. liquid manure or households with biomethane. sugar beet. Biogas upgrade plant in Darmstadt-Wixhausen. Local farms will provide the 45,000 tons of feedstock plants The engineering supporting this Hessian pilot project is the required by the facility each year. The total investment volume work of biogas firm ÖKOBiT GmbH. The plant’s upgrading unit in the plant is 10 million Euros. employs a high pressure washer. The plant’s dimensioning and feed-in mechanisms were tailored to the realities (dense popula- The project is currently under development. Construction tion and limited arable land) of the surrounding area. As a result started in 2009, and operation should begin by the course of of this innovative effort, high plant outputs are possible despite 2010. A similar facility is currently being built in Güterglück in relatively low feedstock loads. Eastern Germany. Each year, farmers from the region provide the biogas plant with 12,550 tons of renewable plant resources – in particular corn stover, rye pellets and liquid manure. These resources generate raw biogas for the installation at an output of 200 m3 per ton.

12 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

Feldberg Graben/Lechfeld

Country Germany Country Germany

State Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Bavaria

Location Dolgen, Feldberger Seenlandschaft Location Graben/Lechfeld

Start of Operation 2010 Start of Operation 2008

Biomethane Feed-in 350 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 500 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Feed-in Capacity 30 million kWh p. a. Feed-in Capacity 42 million kWh p. a.

Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H

Pressure Level 4 bar Pressure Level 4 bar

Raw Material Liquid pig manure, maize silage Raw Material Maize silage 28,000 t/a, grass silage 5,000 t/a, corn 2,000 t/a Investment €2.5 million (extension financing)

Situated close to Lake Dolgen in the South of Mecklenburg- The biogas facility and the biogas processing plant in Graben/ Western Pomerania, the Feldberg biogas plant consists of two Lechfeld were launched in May 2008. The facility processes separated plants, which were installed in 2003 and 2007. As one approx. 1,000 m3 of raw biogas to natural gas quality and feeds of the first plants operating on renewable primary products, per year some 42 million kWh into the grid of erdgas schwaben Feldberg will be rebuilt for gas upgrading and feed-in by 2010. gmbh.

Pig manure generated in the operator’s pig breeding facility The biogas production is conducted by a company which in- is an important component of the substrate mix. In addition, cludes some 60 farmers from the region. The silage is collected corn silage from surrounding agricultural areas is added. The by lorry from the local silos and delivered to the biogas facility. gas upgrading is to be carried out by a pressure swing adsorp- The facility itself does not have a silo. tion technology. To a small degree, local power generation is to be maintained in order to guarantee the future heat supply At a defined location, the biogas producer sells the raw biogas of the biogas plant as well as of the agricultural operation. The to erdgas schwaben gmbh, who installed and operates the bio biomethane is sold to gas supply companies as well as to cogen- gas processing plant. PSA technology was used for processing. eration plant operators. The biogas has, after processing, a heating value of approx. 10.6 kWh/m3 and pressure of approx. 4 bar. The biogas is fed into the The project is realised by Landwärme GmbH. local gas grid. Feeding into the natural gas grid does not require additional pressure increases. The heating value must be raised by mixing with liquefied gas.

The exhaust gas from the PSA facility has a methane content of approx. 4 vol. percent and is combusted in a downstream weak gas burner. The thus generated heat is used to heat the fermenter.

13 Market Development in Germany.

Güstrow Hardegsen

Country Germany Country Germany

State Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania State Lower Saxony

Location Güstrow Location Hardegsen

Start of Operation 2009 Start of Operation 2009

Biomethane Feed-in 5,000 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 500 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Feed-in Capacity 460 million kWh p. a. Feed-in Capacity 40 million kWh p. a.

Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing Upgrade Process Amine wash

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H

Pressure Level 25 bar Pressure Level 16 bar

Raw Material Renewable raw material Raw Material 50,000 t crops and corn

Investment approx. €80 million Investment approx. €11 million

About 40 kilometers south of Rostock, developers built Germa- In April 2009, a biogas production and upgrading facility began ny’s currently largest biogas feed-in project. The Güstrow site operating in Hardegsen, southern Lower Saxony. The plant produces 10,000 cubic meters of biogas per hour. Renewable upgrades 42 million kWh of raw biogas to natural gas quality, resources serve as the plant’s primary input, and about 8,000 and feeds this upgraded gas into the existing natural gas grid, hectares of arable land are required to meet its annual needs. over a 15-year period. The upgrading and feed-in provides a The facility feeds about 5,000 normal cubic meters of upgraded regional energy supplier, which buys raw biogas directly from biogas into the gas grid each hour. The main purchaser is the the operater of the biogas-plant. Cogenerating power facilities VNG AG. make use of the fed-in biogas.

When fed into the natural gas grid, the biomethane produced Financial shares in the project, which are to be taken up by the at the cogenerating Güstrow facility can supply Germany with rural district of Northeim, the city of Hardegsen, the district about 160 million kWh of power and 180 million kWh of heat farm association, and the area machine consortium, are each year. The biomass remaining in the byproducts of the allocated by the firm directing the project, Biokraft Hardegsen fermented feedstocks is pressed and concentrated in a sophisti- GmbH. The resource inputs required by the facility – about cated filter unit to become liquid fertilizer, which in turn is used 50,000 tons of grain and corn silage, to give a high estimate – in the local agriculture. are supplied by more than 40 different farms in the region.

Waste heat generated at the facility is used in the biogas upgrader, the fermenter, the liquid manure sanitiser, and, naturally, the fermentation byproduct dryer. All remaining fermentation byproducts are concentrated into liquid fertilizer and sold on the market.

14 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

Könnern I Könnern II

Country Germany Country Germany

State Saxony-Anhalt State Saxony-Anhalt

Location Könnern Location Könnern

Start of Operation 2007 Start of Operation 2009

Biomethane Feed-in 650 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 1,500 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Feed-in Capacity 42 million kWh p. a. Feed-in Capacity 160 million kWh p. a.

Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing Upgrade Process Amine Scrubbing

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H Produced Gas Quality Erdgas H

Pressure Level 16 bar Pressure Level 16 bar

Raw Material 35,000 t corn silage + 15,000 t liquid Raw Material 135,000 t renewable primary sources, manure + 1,500 t crop 40,000 t manure

Investment approx. €9.5 million Investment €35 million

The biogas upgrading facility is located at Könnern near Halle. The substratum in the Könnern II plant consists exclusively of renewable primary sources according to the definition provid- The installation, which went into operation on December 12, ed by the Renewable Energy Sources Act. The actual substratum 2007, processes 51,500 tons of raw feedstock each year, of which may vary throughout the year due to price changes. The key 35,000 tons are corn silage, 15,000 tons liquid manure, and substance, however, is maize silage, secured in long-lasting sup- 1,500 tons corn. Trucks and farm vehicles deliver the plant’s ply contracts with local farmers. fermentation feedstocks. In total, the plant will process and feed 42 million kWh of biomethane into the natural gas grid. The There is an ensilage storage on site for all of the substratum. plant’s fermentation residues serve as liquid fertilizer. The production of the entire feedstock is carried out by farmers in the near vicinity. Inconveniences for neighbors are thus agri.capital GmbH is the facility’s operator. EnviTec Biogas AG reduced to the short time span of the harvest. provided engineering services for the plant, which uses a Pres- surized Water Scrubbing upgrading unit. The biogas production consists of 4 modules with 4 fermenters at 3,040 m3 volume each. Gas upgrade is facilitated with an In order to raise the biomethane’s heat value – from 10.5 kWh amine scrubbing with a maximum capacity of 3,333 Nm3 raw per normal cubic meter (Nm3) to 11.45 kWh/Nm3, the value gas. The upgrading degree reaches 98 percent at minimum required for feed-in to the natural gas H (high gas) grid, plant methane loss. Project development was supervised by WELtec operators mix liquid gas into the biomethane. BioPower GmbH.

The upgraded biomethane is fed into the natural gas grid 100 percent of the biomethane produced is fed into the natural roughly 200 meters from the facility. It is sold on the market gas grid of MITGAS and is marketed by E.ON Ruhrgas AG in the to cogeneration facility operators, private homeowners, and heat sector, at natural gas stations as well as in CHP plants. methane tank filling stations.

15 Market Development in Germany.

Maihingen Pliening

Country Germany Country Germany

State Swabia State Bavaria

Location Maihingen Location Pliening

Start of Operation 2008 Start of Operation 2006

Biomethane Feed-in 560 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 485 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Feed-in Capacity 50 million kWh p. a. Feed-in Capacity approx. 42 million kWh p. a.

Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H

Pressure Level 10 bar Pressure Level 17–40 bar

Raw Material Maize silage 25,000 t/a, clover-grass Raw Material approx. 40,000 t/a maize and full- 7,000 t/a, grass 4,000 t/a, corn full plant silage, catch crops plant silage 7,000 t/a Investment approx. €10 million

The first development level of the biogas facility in Maihingen The Pliening project won a special award at the “Biogas part- was achieved in 1999. The performance of the facility is approx. nership of 2008” awards for its pioneer work: It was the first 237 m3/h. In 2004, the facility was expanded by another fer- facility in Germany in December 2006 where the feeding-in of menter with a performance of 375 m3/h. The final expansion of biomethane in the natural gas grid was implemented. the biogas generation plant was in 2008 with a fermenter which generates approx. 500 m3/h of raw biogas. The biogas genera- Only renewable raw materials from local farms are used tion facility is operated by local farmers. in Pliening. The energy plants are grown on agricultural areas within a distance of approx. 10 km from the facility.The on-site Maihingen processing plant. project partner of Aufwind Schmack is Maschinenring Ebers- erdgas schwaben gmbh installed and operates the processing berg/ München Ost e. V. which has designed a suitable harvest and feeding plant. Water scrubbing was used for processing. and logistics concept. This partner is responsible for the organi- The natural biogas leaves the water scrubber at a pressure of sation of raw material procurement as well as conducting the approx. 6 bar and a heating value of 10.7 kWh/m3. The heating harvest and ferment residue removal. value needs to be raised with liquefied gas. For feeding into the natural gas grid, a 4 km gas pipeline had to be laid from the The biogas technology is by the company Schmack Biogas AG processing plant to the feeding-in point. The natural biogas is with three main fermenters with a size of 1,000 m3 and three fed into a gas grid (DP 10). The operating pressure in the gas grid downstream fermenters of 2,700 m3 each. The raw biogas is approx. 6 bar. No compressor is required at the location of the processing of the CarboTech company based on pressure swing processing plant; only in the summer months does part of the adsorption generates from 920 Nm3/h of raw biogas to 485 natural biogas need to be fed into the upstream grid (DP 67.5) Nm3/h of biomethane with a methane content of more than via a compressor station. 96 percent. The main part of the gas is fed into the natural gas grid of SWM Stadtwerke München. The waste gas from the water scrubber contains remains of methane and hydrogen sulphide. They are reprocessed with The marketing of the biomethane gas is carried out via a trade thermal oxidation. platform. Buyers and users of the biomethane are, amongst others, combined heat and power plants of E.ON Bayern Wärme GmbH.

16 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

Rathenow Ronnenberg

Country Germany Country Germany

State Brandenburg State Lower Saxony

Location Rathenow-Heidefeld Location Ronnenberg

Start of Operation 2009 Start of Operation 2008

Biomethane Feed-in 520 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 350 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Feed-in Capacity 44 million kWh p. a. Feed-in Capacity approx. 28 million kWh p. a.

Upgrade Process BiogasUpgrader Upgrade Process BiogasUpgrader

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas L

Pressure Level 8–9 bar (PN 16 bar) Pressure Level 2 bar

Raw Material 40,000 t corn and crop silage Raw Material approx. 22,000 t/a of maize silage, wheat Investment approx. €9 million Investment approx. €4.5 million

The Rathenow installation is the first project in the greater Five farmers from the area of Ronnenberg jointly established Berlin area. It is the first of fifteen biogas grid feed-in projects Biogas Ronnenberg GmbH & Co. KG, in short “BiRo”. The farm- now being planned for construction by GASAG Berlin Gas ers all have made equal contribution of 20% to the investment Corporation and its daughter company, Brandenburg Natural costs and substrate supply. The facility runs on maize silage. As Gas GmbH, for the period between now and 2015. an addition, grain of wheat and maize are fed-in.

The plant’s projected annual biomethane production – The biogas facility was made by the manufacturer MT-Energie 44 million kWh – will require the input of 40,000 tons of GmbH. It consists of two fermenters with a diameter of 26 m, a feedstock each year. These feedstocks will likely include rye and downstream fermenter and end storage with a diameter of 30 m corn silage and cereal grains, as well as liquid cow and pig each. All containers are 7 m high and fitted with a gas storage manure. An expected 1,000 hectares of cultivated land will be ceiling. Usually approx. 60t of maize silage and currently an necessary for the production of these energy crops. additional 2t of wheat are fed into two solid matter entries per day. The biogas facility generates up to 650 m3 of raw biogas per The total cost of the facility amounts to about 9 million Euros. hour with a methane content of approx. 52 percent. BiRo sells The upgrading plant is built by HAASE Energietechnik AG. the raw biogas at a defined interface to Stadtwerke Hannover AG. The upgrade technology is provided by Haase Energietech- Beginning in 2009, the plant is feeding biomethane into the nik AG. regional EMB (Erdgas Mark Brandenburg) grid. According to current projections, it will also deliver 23 million kWh of The biomethane is fed into the natural gas grid of enercity biomethane to GASAG’s thirteen natural gas tank filling Netzgesellschaft (eNG) in Ronnenberg (0.8 bar) via connection stations – the equivalent of about one-third of these stations’ line (2 bar) of approx. 2.5 km in length. From here it is transport- 72 million kWh in annual output. Other biomethane users will ed to CHP locations in the city limits of Hanover, where it is con- include city power plant operators, who plan to burn the verted to power and heat at heat customers. Until sufficient CHP biomethane in their cogeneration units, and private customers purchase capacity has been developed, part of the biomethane interested in using this new environmentally friendly gas will be sold in the market. product. The Ronnenberg project won the “Biogas partnership of 2008” award.

17 Market Development in Germany.

Biomethane use and marketing. Altenstadt/Schongau All of the biogas produced is fed into the distribution grid of Country Germany schwaben netz gmbh. A calorific value boiler operated with biomethane generates heat necessary for the fermenter heat- State Bavaria ing. A natural gas station was erected on the biogas plant site to Location Altenstadt/Schongau supply company vehicles with biomethane. Since biogas based on organic waste can be offered at comparatively low prices, Start of Operation 2009 it is applicable not only for cogeneration of heat and power 3 Biomethane Feed-in 690 Nm /h utilisation, but also for heating purposes. erdgas schwaben Capacity offers two products: Bio 100 and Bio 20. Heat customers thus Feed-in Capacity 66 million kWh p. a. can be provided with 100 percent or 20 percent climate-friendly biomethane. erdgas schwaben uses biomethane for her own Upgrade Process Pressurised Water Scrubbing heat demand coverage. All CHP plants run by erdgas schwaben Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H are also supplied with biomethane. Pressure Level 4 bar The cooperation model of the project partners. Raw Material 33.000 t/a organic waste The biogas plant was erected and is operated by ÖkoPower GmbH. Raw material supply is ensured on a contractory basis. A biogas supply contract between ÖkoPower GmbH and erdgas The Altenstadt / Schongau project won the „Biogas partnership schwaben was set up for 12 years. erdgas schwaben’s rofessional of the Year“ award presented by the German Energy Agency in service staff is responsible for the operation of the upgrade 2009. plant. The marketing branch of erdgas schwaben is in charge of the biomethane marketing. Raw material production and logistics. The Altenstadt biogas plant started operation in 2001. In the Involvement of external stakeholders. beginning, the plant produced 700 m3/h raw biogas, which was Since 2001, ÖkoPowerGmbH operated the Altenstadt biogas used on site to cogenerate heat and power. In 2009, biogas pro- plant with an on-site gas utilisation in a CHP plant. The gener- duction was expanded to about 1,100 m3/h. The CHP plant on site ated heat was mostly dissipated via a cooler and was thus not was put out of service, the biogas was upgraded to natural gas used. During the planning phase for the biogas production ex- quality and fed into the gas grid. 33,000 t of organic waste are pansion, this was also one aspect of great consideration. Since turned into biogas in the plant each year, such as expired food, there was no potential local heat customer available, the up- cheese and dairy residues, slaughterhouse and organic waste. grade and feed-in of the biomethane quickly presented itself as Waste is provided by a local company as well as by trucks owned the most attractive and sensible solution. It was easy to establish by biogas producer Öko-Power GmbH & Co. Biogas KG, which contact between ÖkoPower GmbH and erdgas schwaben, since are used to transport the raw material to the plant. the latter is already operating two other biomethane projects with considerable media coverage. Together, the partners pre- Facility and technical data. sented their concept to the mayor and the district administra- The biogas plant is supplied with the raw material via a feed tor. The plan was received well by the community and met with hopper. Before being fed into the fermenter, they go through a great support and approval. water desinfection process, in which process-harmful bacteria are killed. The raw material is processed in 8 fermenters wth an overall capacity of 7,700 m3 biogas. Wet fermentation is applied to produce biogas. The raw material remains in the fermenters for ca. 50 days. Before being forwarded into the upgrade

plant, the NH3-concentration is reduced using a scrubber. The upgrading process is based on pressurised water scrubbing. 3 The CO2-separation results in 690 m /h biomethane with a CH4- concentration of 98 percent and a calorific value of about 10,8 kWh/m3. Before being fed into the gas grid, the calorific value is raised to 11,1 kWh/m3.

18 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

The cooperation model of the project partners. Schwandorf The following project partners are involved in the Schwandorf Country Germany project: State Bavaria The project development was carried out by Schmack Energie Holding GmbH. Location Schwandorf – Bayernwerk Industrial The raw material provision is ensured by approx. 180 Estate farmers. They have joined forces in a supply association and Start of Operation 2008 thus form a bundled project partner. Biomethane Feed-in 1,060 Nm3/h schmack Biogas GmbH is responsible for raw material Capacity management, the creation of planning and approval docu- ments, the facility construction and facility operation. Feed-in Capacity approx. 100 million kWh p. a. E.ON is the investor, gas buyer, gas grid operator and Upgrade Process Pressure Swing Adsorption marketer of the natural biogas.

Produced Gas Quality Natural Gas H Involvement of external stakeholders. Pressure Level 16 bar The Bayernwerk Industrial Estate has a long tradition as an Raw Material approx. 80,000 t/a of maize, grass energy location. Initially, power was generated here from coal and full-plant silage (e.g. rye, barley, until the end of the 1990s. When profitability was no longer millet, rye grass) ensured, the coal power plant was closed and thus the founda- tions laid for an energy supply with renewable energies. Also, a Investment €18 million natural gas pipeline runs right past the Industrial Estate.

The Schwandorf project won a special award at the “Biogas part- The Schwandorf site also offers good agricultural conditions. nership of 2008” awards. The facility at that point in time was The structure in the regional agriculture has changed greatly the largest in Germany with a feed-in capacity of 1,000 m3/h. in recent years: many farms are only being operated as a second source of income or have been given up entirely. So there was Raw material production and logistics. a big interest from many landowners to have an alternative Only renewable raw materials are used at the Schwandorf option for their land by growing energy plants. The interested biogas facility. Due to the long-standing fruit sequence concept, farmers set up a supply association in order to ensure a consist- biodiversity is increased. The catch crops also have agricultural ent and unified approach to investor and facility operator. benefits, e.g. the humus creation is promoted, infestation with pests limited and nitrous oxide emissions avoided. The use of Communication with the authorities, unions and the public was grass provides agriculture with a lucrative source of income. promoted intensively before, during and also in standard operation. As regards the press and public relations, various informa- The use of liquids, such as water or liquid manure, is not neces- tion events, tours and interviews were organised. sary. This has the benefit that no additional transport is required to the facility, which means that less fermentation material Other aspects. is stored which ultimately needs to be removed. The biomass The Schwandorf project represents good interplay between is grown all around the location in the Bayernwerk Industrial energy supplier, facility installation and operation as well as Estate by approx. 180 farmers who have joined forces in a supply agriculture. The parties involved have managed to switch from association. Schmack Biogas AG advises the farmers and sup- fossil to renewable energies and secure, and even create, new pliers as regards agriculture, sowing and plant selection. The jobs. harvest is carried out by regional subcontractors, while the logistics is coordinated by employees of Schmack Biogas AG. The fermentation residue is transported as high-quality fertiliser both in solid and liquid form via external service providers to the suppliers’ land. Thus, a closed nutrition cycle can be created and costs for mineral fertiliser saved.

Biomethane use and marketing. 100 percent of the biomethane is fed into the natural gas grid of E.ON Bayern. The use is then conducted in local block heating stations of E.ON, which also takes care of marketing the heat in the relevant heat sinks. For the future, the plan is to use the fed- in biogas in the heat market and petrol stations as biofuel.

19 Market Development in Germany.

2.3 Political framework for biogas injection in Germany. The definition of biomass in Paragraph 2 (3) Nr. 5 also includes biogas generated by anaerobic fermentation. Not included in In context with the implementation of the Integrated Energy biomasses, however, is biogas which has been produced from and Climate Programme of August 23, 2007 by the German the following material (according to Paragraph 3 nr. 3, 7, 9): Federal Government, the general conditions for biogas mixed settlement waste from private households upgrade and feed-in were reviewed and amended. In the Gas mud and sediments, animal by-products according to Network Access Ordinance, effective from April 12, 2008, in Article 2 paragraph. 1, (a) of the regulation, i. e. No. 1774/2002 article 41 a) the target has been defined: By 2020, 60 billion kWh by the EU Parliament and the Council of October 3, 2002 biomethane are to be fed into the gas grid each year, and by with hygiene regulations for byproducts not meant for hu- 2030 100 billion kWh biomethane each year. man consumption.

Since upgraded and fed-in biomethane is currently not on a Next to the application of biomass according to this regulation, competetive basis with natural gas, politics employ various the Renewable Energy Sources Act also allows the utilisation of measures and support schemes to develop demand in the other biomasses. For the portion of power generated from other markets. Next to its application in the heat market, biomethane biomasses, however, no state-guaranteed feed-in tariffs can be is also used for combined heat and power as well as in natural claimed. The portion of this other biomass used must be proven gas-dedicated vehicles. with the help of a charge material diary produced by the plant operator. Due to the diverse stages along the value chain and different processes, many diverse regulations are employed to promote Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG). the injection of biogas in Germany. The most important ones The Renewable Energy Sources Act first became effective on are highlighted in the following chapter. April 1, 2000. In 2004, it was amended for the first time. On June 6, 2008, the German Federal Parliament decided the second Biomass Ordinance (BiomasseV). amendment of the EEG, which became effective in January Effective since 2001, the Biomass Ordinance directs the ap- 2009. plication of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG )and sets guidelines on which materials are biomass, which technologies The main purposes of the EEG are the protection of our climate, for power generation from biomass are within the scope of ap- a sustainable energy supply, a minimisation of the economic plication of the EEG, and which environment requirements are costs of energy supply, the protection of fossil resources and the to be obeyed when generating power from biomass. further development of renewable power generation technologies. In this context, the percentage of renewable energies in Biomasses, according to the biomass regulation, are energy power supplies is to be raised to 30 percent by 2020. To achieve sources from phyto- and zoo-mass. This also includes secondary this goal, the EEG gives plants generating power from renew- and by-products, residues and waste whose energy content is able energy sources priority to the public power grids. Also, it made up of phyto- and zoo-mass. regulates preferred sales and transmission as well as a guaranteed feed-in tariff. The feed-in tariff depends on the technology. Next to biomass (biogas), hydropower, wind power and solar power as well as disposal, sewage and mine gas are supported.

20 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

The tariffs are guaranteed from the beginning of the year in Manure Bonus. which operations start and for the following 20 years according For power generated in plants which use gas taken from the to a fixed rate. Plants which start operation later are subject to gas grid, no liquid manure bonus can be claimed. fewer tariffs each year according to a certain percentage rate (so-called degression). In the case of biogas, this amounts to 1 Technology Bonus. percent. Degression is supposed to encourage plant producers 2 ct/kWh up to a maximum gas conditioning capacity of to pass on to the customer any cost advantages due to techno- 350 Nm3 conditioned raw gas per hour (at a plant capacity of logical innovations. 5 MW maximum) 1 ct/kWh up to a maximum gas conditioning capacity of Biogas feed-in is supported by the EEG in the following way: Gas 700 Nm3 conditioned raw gas per hour (at a plant capacity of taken from the grid is to be referred to as biomass if the amount 5 MW maximum) of this gas is the heat equivalent of the amount of biogas which For old plants also applying cogeneration (start of operation has been fed into the grid in a different place. The quantities between April 2, 2004 and December 31, 2008), the technol- do not have to be balanced continuously at each given point ogy bonus remains at 2 ct/kWh up to 20 MW. of time, but rather only at the end of each calendar year. The power produced from this gas taken from the grid is then com- Cogeneration of Heat and Power Bonus. pensated for by the EEG. Thus, biomethane can efficiently be The CHP Bonus is increased from 2 to 3 ct/kWh at a plant used in cogeneration plants, which are operated in places with capacity of 20 MW. a significant heat demand. In order to receive the technology bonus, methane emissions Regarding the feed-in of biogas, the EEG 2009 includes the fol- into the atmosphere during the conditioning process must not lowing changes in comparison with the EEG 2004: exceed 0.5 percent and the power demand of the conditioning plant must be under 0.5 kWh/Nm3 raw biogas. Another pre- Base Tariff. condition is that the heat demand of conditioning and biogas Increase for old and new plants in the capacity class up to plants is to be covered by heat from renewable energies, mine

150 kWel by 1 ct/kWh to 11.67 ct/kWh gas or lost heat from conditioning or feed-in plant, without the further application of fossil energy. Bonus for the Use of Cultivated Biomass. In the class up to 500 kW, the bonus is raised from 6 to 7 ct/kWh independent from the start of operation year. at a capacity of up to 5 MW the bonus for the use of cultivated biomass remains at 4 ct/kWh.

Landscape Conservation Bonus. The bonus for the use of cultivated biomass is raised by another 2 ct/kWh, if mainly residues or plant particles from landscape conservation are used in the power generation (certificate by an environmental expert necessary).

21 Market Development in Germany.

Renewable Energies Heat Act (EEWärmeG). Gas Network Access Ordinance (GasNZV). Next to the new EEG, the Renewable Energies Heat Act (EE- WärmeG) also became effective on January 1, 2009. According 1. Preferred Network Access. to this law, 14 percent of the German heat demand (final energy) According to § 41c of the Gas Network Access Ordinance (Ger- is to be produced from renewable energy sources. man: Gasnetzzugangsverordnung, GasNZV), grid operators on all pressure levels are obliged to grant preferred grid access to Crucial elements of the law are: plants which have put in a request. The grid access costs are split obligatory utilisation equally between the grid operator and the biomethane sup- Financial promotion plier. According to §41b GasNZV, the grid access consists of the specific promotion of heating networks connecting pipeline (up to 10 km), the gas pressure metering plant, the compressor and the calibrated measurement plant. Buildings erected after January 1, 2009 are obliged to employ The grid operator is the owner of the grid access and covers the renewable energies for their heat supply. This obligation applies costs of maintenance and operation. to all owners (private, state, economy). Exempted are buildings for which a building application or building listing has been is- 2. Preferred Network Entry. sued before January 1, 2009. All forms of renewable energies can According to § 41d, 1 GasNZV, grid operators are to grant prefer- be used, also in combinations. When using biogas, the obliga- ence to biomethane transport clients when it comes to conclud- tion is generally met if 30 percent of the heat energy demand of ing entry and exit contracts, as long as these gases are compat- the respective house is covered by it. The biogas is to be used in a ible with the grid. cogeneration plant in this context. In the case of the utilisation of gas taken from the gas grid, special requirements are binding The feed-in of biogas cannot, according to § 41d, 2 GasNZV, be regarding the conditioning and feeding-in. Methane emissions denied by the grid operator under the premise of an existing and power consumption must be abated “according to the capacity shortage. At the same time, the grid operator is obliged best available technology”. In case of methane emissions this is to take all necessary and economically sensible measures to usually accepted if the gas quality requirements of the Gas Grid ensure and optimise the admittance capacity. Entry Regulation (GasNZV) according to § 41f are met. The process heat needed for conditioning and feed-in must furthermore 3. Extended Accounting Balance. be produced from lost heat or renewable energy sources. For biogas transport clients, the GasNZV provides special regulations varying from part 7 in § 41e GasNZV on the extended accounting balance in biogas accounting. Especially in the summer months, there is usually a distinct difference between the biogas fed in and the biogas discharged. In order to balance the account, the transport client is categorised into an account-

22 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Germany.

ing grid. This is implemented with a so-called balance account. “DVGW”-Worksheets. While for natural gas transport clients, the grid operator is The worksheets published by the German Technical and obliged to offer the free of charge opportunity to balance within Scientific Association for Gas and Water (German: DVGW) hourly tolerance boundaries of +/– 10 percent, he is, in the case provide the overall requirements for gases in the public supply of biomethane, obliged to offer a flexibility of up to 25 percent. grids. The basic guideline for the quality of gas from renewable This flexibility applies to the specific biogas accounting time sources is DVGW worksheet G 262. If the gas is to be fed into span of 12 months. Within this accounting time span, the flex- the public gas grid, it needs to meet the regulations of DVGW ibility is applied to the accumulated difference of the quantity worksheet G 260. The biomethane supplier is responsible for the fed in and the quantity discharged. The balancing of the quanti- warranty of the gas compositions stated in the worksheets. The ties is as exact as the algebraic sign to achieve the intended GasNZV refers to worksheets G 260 and G 262. support of the feed-in of biogas. For the use of the flexibility actually applied, a fixed sum of 0.1 cent /kWh is to be paid to the Biofuel Quota Ordinance (Biokraft QuG). grid operator. The Biofuel Quota Ordinance was first implemented by the Ger- man Federal Government in October 26, 2006. Its purpose is the Market Incentive Program. implementation and regulation of a biofuel admixing quota in The Market Incentive Program is one of the German Federal vehicle petrol and diesel. On January 1, 2007, it introduced, for Government’s central devices to support the production of heat the first time, a minimum quota. At first, biomethane could not with renewable energies. The 8th guideline reformation was be added to the fulfillment of this quota. In the amendment of ratified in 2008. The overall support volume amounts to €400 June 18, 2009, however, biomethane was explicitly added to this million. The guidelines also provide for the support of biogas list of compatible biofuels as a substitute for bioethanol. conditioning plants and biogas pipelines for unconditioned biogas (micro gas grids). The support cannot be combined with Biofuel Sustainability Ordiance (Biokraft-NachV). . other public means of support and terminates on December The Biofuel Sustainability Ordinance was implemented on 31st, 2010. September 30th, 2009. Together with its sister act regarding the sustainable production of liquid biofuels for electricity, the Plants up to a capacity of 350 Nm3/h of upgraded biogas are ordinance answers the demands of the EU directive. It ensures entitled to a grant of up to 30 percent of the investment costs. that in the course of bofuel production such as biomethane, Biogas pipelines for unconditioned biogas (at least 300 metres binding eceological and social sustainability criteria are met. air-line distance) can be supported, including the gas com- The ordinance also ensures that only sustainable biomass may pressor, the gas drying unit and the condensation funnels if be financially supported or be counted towards renewable the biogas transported is applied in a cogeneration process or energy targets. conditioning to reach natural gas quality. The grant amounts to 30 percent of the supportable net investment costs.

23 Market Development in Europe.

Market Development in Europe.

3.1 Market development.

The upgrade and feed-in of biomethane into the natural gas grid is currently not subject to a consistent European standard. The parameters and basic conditions, however, are phrased in Directive 2003/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the European Council of 26 June 2003 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive 98/30/EC.

In Chapter 1 of this Directive, biogas and gas from biomass are explicitly included in the scope of the regulation. In Paragraph 24 of the Preamble, the European Parliament and the European Council declare the following:

“Member States should ensure that, taking into account the necessary quality requirements, biogas and gas from biomass or other types of gas are granted non-discriminatory access to the gas system, provided such access is permanently compatible with the relevant technical rules and safety standards. These rules and standards should ensure that these gases can technically and safely be injected into and transported through the natural gas system and should also address the chemical characteristics of these gases.”

As of now, not all European countries have implemented regulations on the upgrade and feed-in of biogas. Some European countries can nonetheless look back on decades of experience and know-how on the injection of biogas into the natural gas networks. Next to Germany, the injection of biogas is subject to political regulations and in part also to subsidies in Austria, France, Luxembourg, Poland, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

Biomethane feed-in projects in Europe. The table below provides an overview on project sites all over Europe where a feeding of biomethane into the natural gas grid is in operation or planned. This list is not exhaustive but represents the information available to dena.

24 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Europe.

Country Location Upgrade Process Status Start of Biomethane Operation feed-in capacity. [m3/h]

Austria Bruck an der Leitha Membrane Technology Operating 2007 100 Austria Engerwitzdorf Aminwäsche Planned 2010 125 Austria Pucking PSA Operating 2005 6

Austria Schwaighofen bei Eugen- No Information Operating 2008 18 dorf Austria Wiener Neustadt No Information Planned 2010 120 France Lille Marquette PWS Construction 2010 55 France Lille PWS Operating 2007 660 Luxembourg Kielen PWS Construction 2010 310 Luxembourg Mondercange Amine Scrubbing Construction 2010 180 Netherlands Beverwijk Membrane Technology Operating 2007 80 Netherlands Collendoorn Membrane Technology Operating 1991 200 Netherlands Mijdrecht Amine Scrubbing Operating 2009 38 Netherlands Nuenen PSA Operating 1990 825 Netherlands Tilburg PWS Operating 1987 1150 Netherlands Wjister PSA Operating 1989 630 Sweden Göteborg Chemical Wash Operating 2006 880 Sweden Helsingborg PSA Operating 2002 190 Sweden Laholm Organic Wash Operating 2001 225 Switzerland Bachenbülach PSA Out of Order 1996 110 Switzerland Emmen PSA Operating 2005 41 Switzerland Inwil No Information Operating 2009 130 Switzerland Jona PSA Out of Order 2005 30 Switzerland Meilen Amine Scrubbing Operating 2008 65 Switzerland Pratteln Chemical Wash Operating 2006 165 Switzerland Samstagern PSA Operating 1998 28 Switzerland Volketswil Amine Scrubbing Planned 2010 150

Table: Biomethane grid injection projects (Status: May 2010). For a regularly updated overview please refer to our English website www.biogaspartner.com.

25 Market Development in Europe.

While the German market for the upgrade and feed-in of biogas is relatively young, the technologies for this special gas application have been in use already for decades in other European countries. According to recent research by the Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology, more than 90 biomethane plants ore operating all over Europe. Out of these, according to the information available to the German Energy Agency, 53 feed biogas upgraded to local natural gas quality into the grid by mid 2010.

Technology for the upgrade of biogas. Regarding the total number of projects realized so far, pressure swing adsorption and pressurized water scrubbing technologies are dominating the European market [see figure]. In full-scale applications, physical adsorption technologies (with organic dissolvers) so far have been installed only in Germany and Switzerland. Chemical adsorption technologies (with organic dissolvers) have been applied only in Germany, Sweden and Switzerland. Membrane applications so far have been used only in Austria and the Netherlands.

Pressure Swing Adsorption 20

Pressurized Water Scrubbing 14

Chemical Water Scrubbing 10

Membrane 3

Others 6

Figure: Application of upgrading technology in Europe.

26 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Europe.

Göteborg, 2007 Laholm, 1999 Bjuv, 2007 Helsingborg, 2002 Helsingborg II, 2008 Malmö, 2008

Beverwijk, 2007 Wjister, 1989 Mijdrecht, 2009 Collendoorn, 1991 Tilburg, 1987 Nuenen, 1990 NL

Kielen, 2010 Mondercange, 2010 L Pucking, 2005 Engerwitzdorf, 2010 Lille, 2007 / Lille Marquette, 2010 Wiener Neustadt, 2010 F Schwaighofen bei Eugendorf, 2008 Pratteln, 2006 AT Bruck an der Leitha, 2007 Volketswil, 2010 CH Meilen, 2008 Samstagern, 1998 Inwil, 2009 Emmen, 2005

Figure: Geographical distribution of biomethane plants in Europe with their start of operation.

27 Market Development in Europe.

Market overview. Application fields. . The Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland are the European More than 75 percent of the overall European biomethane countries with the most and longest experience in the upgrade production is applied as biofuel in natural gas dedicated vehi- and feed-in of biogas. The Netherlands, for example, feature a cles. Sweden and Switzerland in particular are front runners biomethane plant with a feed-in capacity of 630 Nm3/h which in this application. The German biomethane trade, however, is has been operating on a pressure swing adsorption for 20 years, focussed especially on the application of biomethane in com- since 1989. bined heat and power plants. The application of biomethane as biofuel here only plays a minor role in comparison to the other While Sweden owns the largest number of plants upgrading European countries. biogas to biomethane, Germany is leading in feed-in capacity in comparison to all other European countries. These differences are partly related to the state of the infrastructure of the public gas networks in the different countries, but also to the fields of application best supported by the respective political structures. Thus, the German market has seen a significant growth in the last few years, with the first plants, however, having started operation only in 2006. In recent years, a stable market growth can also be tracked in countries like Austria, for example, where the high state-guaranteed feed-in tariffs have, similar to the German situation, resulted in a significant boost.

Substrate. While in Germany around 75 percent of the overall biogas production is based on the exclusive fermentation of agricultural waste, liquid manure, and cultivated renewable primary products (energy plants), the market in countries like France, Luxembourg, Sweden and Switzerland is dominated by gas produced in landfills managing community and household waste.

28 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Europe.

3.2 Project examples.

Bruck an der Leitha Lille

Country Austria Country France

Region Lower Austria Region Nord-Pas-De-Calais

Plant Location Bruck an der Leitha Plant Location Lille

Start of Operation 2007 Start of Operation 2007

Biomethane Feed-in 100 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 660 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Upgrade Technology Membrane Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing (PWS)

Substrate Grass, maize and manure as well as Substrate Community waste residues from the food industry

The biogas plant in Bruck an der Leitha, close to Vienna, started From 1995 –2004, the first French biomethane project operated operation in 2004. The gas production is based on the combined on the waste management site of Lille. The upgrading process fermentation of grass and maize together with residues from of this reference project was a pressurised water scrubbing. The the food industry. biomethane thus generated was used as biofuel for buses.

In 2007, the Energy Park Bruck an der Leitha, the Technical Due to corrosion of the wall and piping, operation was stopped University of Vienna and the plant manufacturer Axiom GmbH in 2004. Meanwhile, however, a new plant was installed on site, jointly undertook the repowering of this plant to upgrade the this time in an industrial scale, that began operation in 2007. raw gas to natural gas quality with the help of an innovative technology. The sister project to this plant is also based in Lille, on the site of another, newly installed, waste management location in For the first time in this scale, the reference project employs Marquette. Again, a pressurised water scrubbing process is membranes in order to upgrade biogas. The methane to be later employed to upgrade the gas to natural gas quality. fed into the grid is separated from the CO2 by means of semi- permeable membranes. The biomethane is to be fed into the natural gas network and used to fuel buses and garbage vehicles. The start of operation is The upgraded biogas is fed into the EVN grid and is transferred expected in 2010, with a feed-in capacity of 55 Nm3/h. to the gas station operator OMV and Vienna Energy to be applied as biofuel.

29 Market Development in Europe.

Kielen Tilburg

Country Luxembourg Country The Netherlands

Region Capellen Region North Brabant

Plant Location Kielen Plant Location Tilburg

Start of Operation 2010 Start of Operation 1986

Biomethane Feed-in 360 Nm3/h Biomethane Feed-in 1,300 Nm3/h Capacity Capacity

Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing

Substrate 50,000 t of primary products, liquid Substrate 52,000 t / a of organic waste from the manure and residues from the food food industry and private households industry

More than 30 farmers and business associates around Kielen On the site of an old landfill, the Tilburg utilities erected a gas have joined forces in the initiative “Naturgas Kielen” in order upgrading plant in 1986. In this plant, gas from a landfill is to assemble the 50,000 t of renewable primary products, liquid upgraded together with gas from a close-by sewage plant and manure as well as residues from the food industry for the biogas a biogas plant, which operates on organic waste from the food plant in Kielen. Their motivation to opt for the feed-in of bio industries and private households. About 70 percent of the raw methane derived from the rural structures of the region where biogas stem from this biogas plant. The raw biogas thus gener- the heat could not be marketed as well as when transported via ated possesses a methane concentration of 55 percent and is the natural gas grid. then upgraded to the local natural gas quality of 88 percent.

The biogas is upgraded to the local natural gas quality (more Both the biogas and the landfill gas are upgraded with a pres- than 98 percent of methane) with a pressurised water scrubbing surised water scrubbing technology, which represents an process and fed into the near-by gas grid. investment of 3.6 million €. The maximum biomethane feed-in capacity amounts to 1,300 Nm3/ h. The yearly overall energy pro- The project is to be the first biomethane plant in Luxembourg duction of the plant amounts to 18 GWh, of which 3.3 GWh are and enjoys the full support of public stakeholders as well as the used for interal processes, while the rest is sold to the regional media. gas supply company.

The start of operation is scheduled in 2010.

30 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Market Development in Europe.

Kristianstad Jona

Country Sweden Country Switzerland

Region Skåne län Region St. Gallen

Plant Location Kristianstad Plant Location Engelhölzli / Jona

Start of Operation 2006 Start of Operation 2005

Biomethane Feed-in 600 Nm3/h Feed-in Capacity 3 million kWh p. a. Capacity Upgrade Technology Amine wash Upgrade Technology Pressurised Water Scrubbing Substrate Organic and garden waste Substrate 50 % liquid manure, 45 % waste products from food industry , 5 % household waste

In the Southern Swedish town of Kristianstad, biogas is pro- The biomethane project Jona started operation in 2005. The duced based on manure, household waste and waste products gas production is based on the digestation of source separated from the food industry in a co-digestion plant. 72,000 tons of organic waste (OFMSW). 5,000 t are thus yearly processed on waste thus have annually been fermentated in the Kristianstad the site in Engelhölzli, Jona, which represents the first plant biogas plants since the original start of operation in 1996. in Switzerland to upgrade the entire gas production without intermediate storage. The digestate is mixed with garden waste Since 2006, the raw biogas is upgraded in a pressurised water and post-composted in an enclosed hall. scrubbing process. In order to reach the upgrade unit, the gas is transported in a 4 km long pipeline. The upgraded biomethane The biogas is upgraded with an Amine-based washing system possesses a 97 percent methane content and therefore meets after a prior sulphur and humidity removal with the help of the Swedish standard. activated carbon.

Since the Swedish natural gas grid does not serve Kristianstad, An innovative aspect of the Jona project is the ownership. In the biomethane is not injected into the natural gas grid but is former Swiss biomethane projects, the upgrading plant was in provided to local vehicles as biofuel at a special service station possession of the digestion site. He transferred the gas to the close to town. All town buses in Kristianstand as well as various grid in cleaned and odorised quality. In Jona, however, the gas school buses operate on biomethane, representing 1.2 mil- is sold to the nationally gas company, which in turn owns and lion m3 per year which have been saved in fossil fuels. operates the upgrading plant and is also responsible for the feed-in.

The biomethane is utilised as biofuel in natural gas dedicated vehicles.

31 Value Chain of Biomethane.

Value Chain of Biomethane.

The generation of biomethane is based on a complex process Energy plants. in various stages. Many factors influence the process from the The term “energy plants” refers to crops that are cultivated generation of biomass to the application of the fed-in bio especially for the purpose of energy production. These espe- methane – and many diverse players have a stake in the success cially include crops with high photosynthetic rates that grow of any biomethane project. The following chapter describes quickly in the climatic conditions of a given region. In central the value chain of biomethane generation. Europe, such plants include corn, rapeseed, and rye. Many tropical countries use sugarcane extensively as an energy plant.

4.1 Biomass production. Energy plants for biogas generation. Maize is especially well-adapted for use in biogas facilities, Since biogas can in principle be generated from any organic though cereals (such as rye) and/or grass cuttings are also compound, the biomass feedstock that can be used to produce acceptable. The plants most suitable for use in biogas genera- biogas is diverse. Some biomass feedstock comes from farms in tion vary from region to region; they must be chosen against the form of plants. Others come from other processes, or from the background of local conditions. From a climate protection animals, in the form of waste materials like household garbage perspective, it is important to ensure that local land use and sewer sludge. Biomass suitable for use in biogas produc- changes associated with energy plant cultivation do not lead tion is called “feedstock.” Waste’s suitability for use as feedstock to negative ecological effects. brings every available organic material into question. Especially useful for biogas generation are sewer sludge, kitchen rubbish, and liquid manure, which as waste products are abundant and 4.2 Logistics. affordable. With regard to the logistics of biomass energy, one must keep in mind the energetic and economic barriers that make long- distance delivery of feedstock impractical. Because biomass can only be harvested during certain short periods of the year, these barriers necessitate a well-planned biomass logistics chain.

It is necessary to distinguish between the concepts of decentralised and central storage:

If the areas surrounding biogas facilities already possess the capacity to hold the biomass that will be needed by a local area during the year, decentralised storage may be the best approach. In such cases, biomass is delivered to processing facilities on a continual (“just-in-time”) basis. Through this, a good utilisation of transport materials is achieved, with remaining dry fermentation feedstock being transported away as back-freight. A downside of decentralised storage is that personnel costs may run high, since biomass must be delivered more frequently.

32 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Value Chain of Biomethane.

Sales and trade

Biogas plant

Natural Electricity gas grid and heat (cogeneration) Energy plants / residues

Heat

Recirculation of digestate as fertilizer Fuel

Biomass production Logistics Biogas production Upgrade Injection Application fields

A second approach is the central storage of biomass at the Methane yield. biogas facility. Advantages of this approach include a consist- The flammable and thus relevant component of biogas is ent quality of stored biomass, along with minimal logistical methane. Hence, the amount of methane contained in the expenses. These storage facilities may be subject to higher biogas should be increased to as large a percentage of the investment costs, however, since new storage capacity must whole as possible. The initial methane content of raw biogas be created. Nonetheless, savings of €2 per tonne of silage are varies chiefly with the feedstock used. achievable in central storage sites (relative to decentralised storage facilities) through reductions in silage loss of up to m3 Gas / . t Substrate 10 percent. 700

The choice of transport methods should be made in considera- 600 tion for the distance between energy plant cultivation areas and 500 biogas installations. At short distances, transport with tractors 400 and other farm equipment is more affordable, because nothing 300 but the biomass itself must be loaded. At longer distances, shipping via trucks becomes more affordable. 200 100

0 4.3 Biogas production. Grass

Forage beet Maize silage Raw biogas. Cattle manure Food residuesWaste grease Biological waste Raw biogas is generated through the fermentation of feedstock. Sugar beet silage This process occurs in so-called fermenters, where microorgan- Figure: Biomethane yields of different substrates. Sources: FNR isms facilitate the process of material conversion that produces (2006), KTBL (2006), dena. the raw biogas. The processes involved in fermentation are exceedingly complex, and are currently understood only in part. Various current research projects seek to improve this The upgrading of biogas’s methane content is achieved through understanding. The optimisation of the fermentation processes the optimisation of facility systems for particular feedstock, and highly depends also on the measurement and control systems through the implementation of measurement and regulation and procedures used. systems.

Raw biogas consists of 45 –70 percent methane (CH4). The second largest component of the gas is carbon dioxide (CO2), making up 4.4 Biogas upgrade. 25 –50 percent of the total. The rest contains minimal portions of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), and water vapor From raw biogas to bio-natural gas.

(H2O). Fossil-based natural gas contains 85 –98 percent meth- The biogas created through fermentation – raw biogas – can in ane. To guarantee the consistent quality of the natural gas in various ways be upgraded to high-quality natural gas , low- the grid, the methane content of the raw biogas must increase quality natural gas, or so-called accessory or admixing quality. before being fed in. This methane content “upgrade” occurs An important first step is the removal of sulphur. Depending on through a purification of the raw biogas. the other processes used to upgrade the biogas, an additional

33 Value Chain of Biomethane.

Raw biogas from vegetable matter of liquid manure biogas plants

Gross desulphurisation Option: Gross desulphurisation Gross desulphurisation

Fine desulphurisation Compression Fine desulphurisation

Compression Gas cooling Compression

Gas cooling CO2 separation adsorption Gas drying

CO2 separation adsorption Gas drying

Calorific value adjustment Calorific value adjustment with LPG or air with LPG or air

Figure: Process steps of raw biogas upgrade. Natural gas H or natural gas L Supplemental gas Source: Fraunhofer UMSICHT (2008).

fine-grade sulphur removal and a drying of the gas may be nec- Because some sulphur (specifically hydrogen sulphide) can re- essary. For the upgrade of high- or low-methane natural gas, a main in the biogas after crude sulphur removal, some prepa-

separation of CO2 may also be a required additional step, unless ration paths may require an additional fine sulphur removal

the biogas is to be admixed as accessory gas. In a last step, the process before CO2 separation. The most suitable processes for heat value is increased or reduced by admixing LPG (liquified fine sulphur removal are active carbon adsorption and zinc petroleum gas) or oxygen to adjust the biomethan quality to the oxide adsorption. quality of the natural gas in the gas grid. Gas drying. The upgrade from biogas to biomethane is economically attrac- For the drying of biogas, adsorption and condensation proc- tive only starting at medium-sized plants. Existing or planned esses are the methods of choice. smaller biogas plants therefore can make use of the possiblity to assemble the biogas generated in each plant via micro gas grids Adsorptive gas drying processes. and then upgrade and feed-in the entire quanitity on only one The premise of this process is that water vapour adsorbs to site. specific compounds (including, for instance, silica gel and aluminum oxides). Using packed-bed adsorbers, these com- The figure above provides an overview of the various process pounds are passed through the biogas as granulates, thereby steps of biogas upgrade. removing water vapour from the gas.

Sulphur removal. The granulates must be regenerated after adsorption. Here it The process of crude sulphur removal can be undertaken either is important to note the difference between cold and warm re- biologically or chemically. generation processes. If the biogas facility is to feed into the gas grid on a continuous basis, it is necessary to apply two separate Biological sulphur removal. packed-bed adsorbers so that one may be used when the other is Biological sulphur removal employs microorganisms that con- regenerating. sume hydrogen sulphide. This process is only suitable for crude sulphur removal. The microorganisms can be placed directly Condensation processes. into the fermenter. For this process the biogas is cooled, causing the water it contains to condense. This process is above all intended for drying Chemical sulphur removal. biogas for use in motor vehicles. However, the process does not Chemical sulphur removal involves the use of compounds that meet specifications (DVGW G260 and G262) for biomethane bind with sulphur in the fermenter. Iron oxide is the best com- preparation. For this reason, the process is only partially useful pound for this purpose. to prepare biomethane for feed-in into the grid.

CO2 separation. On the European market, pressure swing adsorption and pressurised water scrubbing are the most widely used processes for

CO2 separation. Additional processes are currently in the pilot stages; some of these must still be intensively researched. The following overview provides a short, non-exhaustive descrip-

tion of some selected CO2 separation processes:

34 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Value Chain of Biomethane.

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA). Amine washing. “Adsorption” refers to the exit of molecules from fluids and their The amine washes are processes of chemical adsorption. In subsequent attachment to solid surfaces. This process is used in contrast to pressure water washing and Genosorb absorption,

PSA to remove the CO2 and any remaining traces of other gases amine washes use chemical reactions to remove extraneous from raw biogas. Before adsorption, sulphur and water vapour gases present in biogas. Because of this, a large range of wash- must be removed from the raw biogas, since these substances ing fluids can be used. can damage the active carbon required in the process. As a rule, water separation succeeds when raw biogas is cooled nearly to Monoethanol amine washing (MEA). the point of freezing. For the separation of sulphur from biogas, Cleaning biogas using monoethanol amine is suitable when various other processes may be used. only CO2 must be removed. The process can be implemented with only minimal pressure, though it requires a standard Pressurised water scrubbing (PWS). minimum temperature of approximately 40°C. The process is Pressurised water scrubbing is a matter of physical adsorption therefore especially appealing for sites that have ready access processes. Raw biogas is routed through a water-filled pressure to heat. tank, in which the gases present in the biogas are absorbed by the water through the application of physical force. Besides Diethanol amine washing (DEA).

CO2, this process can also remove some of the hydrogen sul- The process of diethanol amine washing is very similar to that phide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) present in raw biogas. When of monoethanol amine washing. As a washing fluid, though, biogas contains more hydrogen sulphide than can be removed diethanol amine differs from monoethanol amine. Its CO2 through pressure water washing, this is an indication that an adsorption capacity is greater than that of monoethanol amine, additional sulphur removal process should be implemented though its environmental impacts (specifically its hazards for “upstream” of the pressure water wash. Following the com- waterways) are more serious. pletion of the pressure water wash, the gas must be dried and dehumidified before being fed into the natural gas grid. The following table (page 36) provides an overview of the respective upgrade technologies and their most important

There are other promising processes for CO2 removal in addi- parameters. tion to pressure swing adsorption and pressure water washing. The following passage briefly describes each of these processes: 4.5 Grid feed-in. Genosorbs®. Like pressure water washing, this biogas purification proc- The feeding of biogas into the natural gas grid is an efficient ess hinges around a physical adsorption, although washing energy solution, even if the sites in which the gas is to be applied fluid that is highly absorptive of OC 2 and H2S is also involved. are far away from the sites at which it is produced. Gas feed-in is The washing fluid Genosorb can regenerate itself after high- facilitated via a compressor, a device raising the pressure level temperature washes. The washing fluid has a shelf life of about of the biomethane to that of the gas in the closed pressurised 10 years. Because of this, an essentially larger load of washing lines of the grid. Given European regulatory realities, new gas fluid is possible. producers have the opportunity to feed gas into the conventional gas grid. For biogas generators, this multiplication of the possible number of consumers is attractive. For purposes of injection, however, the gas must meet the quality specifications

35 Value Chain of Biomethane.

Criteria PSA PWS Genosorb MEA DEA Adsorption process physical physical chemical chemical Pre-cleaning necessary? Yes No No Yes Yes Required pressure (bar) 4 –7 4 –7 4 –7 depressurised depressurised Methane loss 3–10 % 1–2 % 1–4 % < 0.1 % < 0.1 % Methane content of the gas product > 96 % > 97 % > 96 % > 99 % > 99 % Required power consumption [kWh/Nm3] 0.25 < 0.25 0.25–0.33 < 0.15 < 0.15 Required temperature range [°C] No No 55 –80 160 160 Range of controllability as percentages of total load +/– 10–15 % 50–100 % 50–100 % 50–100 % 50–100 % Processes already underway > 20 > 20 3 3 1

Table: Parameters of different upgrade technologies. Source: Fraunhofer Umsicht (2009).

of the relevant legal provisions and may only deviate within the these trading companies enter various business and contractual range of these quality standards. Such standards are realised relationships with different partners. The following overview using technologies for reconditioning gas. Because a non-neg- gives an idea of the biomethane sales dynamics in Germany. ligible quantity of energy is necessary for gas compression, the energy balance and the economic feasibility of the compression Biogas Accounting Grid Contract. and feed-in process must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. In order to transport the injected biomethane via the gas grid, the trading company (also called “transport client”) is required Accessory gas / exchange gas. to close a biogas accounting grid contract with the accounting With regard to feeding biomethane into the natural gas grid, it grid operator. The grid operator balances the account of the is necessary to distinguish between exchange gas and accessory biomethane amounts fed-in and out of the grid in an account- gas. The difference lies in the quality of the gases. An exchange ing grid and settles surplus and shortage quantities with the gas has the same qualitative standards as conventional natural transport client. gas and can be exchanged in the grid as such. Accessory gas possesses a composition that is not equivalent to that of the natural Grid Entry Contract. gas, and can therefore only be mixed into the grid beneath a In order to be allocated to an accounting grid, the biogas sup- certain threshold. plier enters a contract with the Entry Grid Operator. In this Grid Entry Contract, the parties agree on the quality criteria for the Quality standards. injected gas. Regulations distinguish between low-quality natural gas (“Natural Gas L”) and high-quality natural gas (“Natural Gas H”). Grid Exit Contract. Natural Gas H possesses a higher methane content, and is used The final customer enters into a grid exit contract with the exit mainly in the GUS federal states and extracted principally in the grid operator settling the gas withdrawal at the physical gas North Sea. exit point. The costs for the grid transport are the same as in natural gas transport transactions and are covered by the final Natural Gas L contains roughly 89 percent flammable gases customer together with grid access fees regardless of the feed-in (primarily methane, but also small amounts of ethane, propane, location. butane, and pentane), while Natural Gas H contains about 97 percent flammable gases (the same as those listed for Natural Biomethane sales and trade in Germany differs from classic Gas L). natural gas trade regarding the necessary proof of origins. The amounts of biomethane fed into the natural gas network must The types of natural gas available in Germany vary with geog- be documented along the value chain regarding the attributes raphy. Similarly, the degree to which biomethane is upgraded required by law (“produced from renewable primary sources, depends on the region of its origin. for example). These attributes mostly derive from the legal and political conditions set in the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and the Renewable Energies Heat Act (EEWärmeG). 4.6 Sales and trade. Next to transport logistics and accounting matters, the trad- The transport and sales of the injected biomethane is usually ing company also coordinates a gas portfolio. The company coordinated by a biogas or natural gas trading company. To buys biogas quantities from various producers and delivers transfer biogas from its production site to its end customer, it to different (end) customers. Also, the trading company is

36 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Value Chain of Biomethane.

able to provide ongoing and steady supplies as well as singu- as a byproduct, heat. The mechanical energy is transformed lar deliveries on the spot. These classic portfolio structuring into electrical energy via generators and fed into the power are accompanied also by structuring regarding biomethane grid. The generated heat is used for heating purposes. The CHP attributes. The different origin attributes such as “biomass” process operating on biogas mainly takes place in CHP plants , “renewable primary sources” and “technology bonus” lead to a where the heat energy generated can be applied in a local heat variety of different biomethane products of different value and network. Regarding the energy yield, CHP achieves very good with versatile application fields. By structuring these attributes results since the heat which is generated during the process of the trading company can serve customers’ individual needs power production can also be utilized. CHP has come to play a resulting from the field of application they are aiming at. The more and more important role in recent years and is especially certificates or quantity attestations are the basis for biomethane advisable for edifices and facilities presenting a high heat clients to prove their claims for the feed-in tariffs in context with demand all year long, such as public swimming pools, factories EEG or EEWärmeG. etc.

Mobility. 4.7 Application fields. Biogas upgraded to natural gas quality can be used to fuel natural gas dedicated vehicles. A further adaptation on the vehicles The application fields for biomethane are the same as are cur- is not necessary. By feeding biomethane into the grid, it is made rently satisfied by conventional natural gas . The main advan- available on a national basis and can be distributed via the exist- tage is its good heating characteristics. In the early stages of ing natural gas station infrastructure. biogas generation in Germany, it was mainly used for power generation in so-called combined heat and power plants (CHP) In comparison to other biofuels, biomethane is to be ranked right on the production site. A major part of the generated heat among the most efficient ones. Per hectare cropland, a similar remained thus unused. mileage can be achieved with biomethane as with biomass-to- liquid (BtL)-fuels of the so-called second generation. (see figure). The upgrade and feed-in of biomethane broadens the application fields of biogas to equal those of natural gas.

Heat generation. Bioethanol 22,400 + 14,400 Like natural gas, biomethane can be applied in industry and pri- Biodiesel 23,300 + 17,600 vate housholds for heating purposes. No adaptation of the end devices (gas-fired boiler, gas stove, e.g.) is necessary since the Rapeseed oil 23,300 + 17,600 biomethane presents the same heat value characteristics as the Biomass-to-Liquid (B TL) 64,000 natural gas in the local gas grid. The fact that biomethane thus Biomethane 67,600 can resort to existing infrastructure is a central advantage of this innovative technology also from an economic perspective. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 In 1,000 Kilometers per Hectare.

Cogeneration of heat and power (CHP). Biomethane from byproducts (mash, straw/mulch) In combined heat and power processes, biomethane is used in combustion machines (gas engines, (micro-)gas turbines, stir- Figure: Mileage yield of biofuels per hectare cropland. ling motors). These machines generate mechanical energy and, Source: FNR (2008).

Figure: Yield of biofuels in km per hectare 37

Quelle: FNR 2008 0 10000 60000 40000 50000 30000 20000 70000 Companies and Market Players.

Companies and Market Players.

This chapter presents German and European companies and market players in the biogas injection sector. The table on the right provides an overview on their core activities.

Crop breedingProject developmentPlant engineeringPlant operationTrade Energy supplyApplication companyFinancingConsultingResearchAssociationpage Abicon GmbH 45 agri.capital GmbH 45 Arcanum Energy Systems GmbH & Co. KG 46 Aufwind Neue Energien GmbH 46 BALANCE VNG Bioenergie GmbH 47 Biogasrat e.V. 47 bmp greengas GmbH 48 Böck Silosysteme GmbH 48 BDH – Federal Industrial Association of 49 Germany - House, Energy and Environ- mental Technology e.V. Bundesverband der Maschinenringe e.V. 49 Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung 50 e.V. cng services ltd 50 Dalkia Energie Service GmbH 51 Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft 51 e.V. DVGW German Technical and Scientific 40 Association for Gas and Water German Farmers’ Association (DBV) e.V. 52 German Biomass Research Center (DBFZ) 52 gGmbH DZ Bank AG 53 E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH 41 EnBW Gas GmbH 53 Enovos Luxembourg S.A. 54

38 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

Crop breedingProject developmentPlant engineeringPlant operationTrade Energy supplyApplication companyFinancingConsultingResearchAssociationpage EnviTec Biogas AG 54 EPURON GmbH 55 erdgas schwaben gmbh 42 Evonik New Energies GmbH 55 German Biogas Association 56 Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, 56 Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and 57 Energy Systems Technology IWES GASAG Berliner Gaswerke Aktiengesell- 57 schaft GREENFIELD Europe 58 Haase Energietechnik AG 58 juwi Bio GmbH 59 page KWS Saat AG 59 Landwärme GmbH 60 MT-BioMethan GmbH 60 N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie 61 NAWARO BioEnergie AG 61 ÖKOBiT GmbH 62 PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH 62 PRIMAGAS GmbH 63 Propan-Gesellschaft mbH 63 ProTech Energiesysteme GmbH 64 Law firm Schnutenhaus & Kollegen 64 RES Projects GmbH 65 RWE Vertrieb AG 65 Thüga Energie GmbH 66 TÜV Nord Cert GmbH 67 TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH 66 Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG 43 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft 44 WELtec BioPower GmbH 67 Windwärts Energie GmbH 68

39 Companies and Market Players.

DVGW German Technical and Scientific Association for Gas and Water

The DVGW’s technical standards ensure a high-quality gas and DVGW German Technical and water supply for Germany. The DVGW assists gas and water Scientific Association for Gas and Water enterprises with the cost-effective implementation of techni- Technical/scientific organisation cal measures necessary for maintaining Germany’s clean, Josef-Wirmer-Strasse 1 –3, D-53123 Bonn, Germany secure gas and water supply. As a setter of technical standards, Tel +49 (0)228 91 88-5 the DVGW is instrumental in defining collaborative processes Fax +49 (0)228 91 88-990 [email protected] designed to improve these enterprises, and to ensure effective, www.dvgw.de autonomous industrial management under rapidly changing conditions.

With respect to biogas, the DVGW takes a holistic approach to setting gas and water standards: the focus is on supply security, supply diversity, sustained access to native energy sources, and the gradual development of processes for producing biomass energy from the most commonly used plants.

DVGW Association office in Bonn

40 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH

Within the E.ON Group, the E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH is responsible for the generation, grid injection and trading of biomethane.

The E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH was founded in 2007 with the goal to market biomethane as an innovative and ecologically-friendly energy and heat source.

In 2008, the E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH put into operation the at this point largest plant for biomethane production (Schwandorf) in Germany. The plant generates biomethane in natural gas qual- Biomethane plant in Schwandorf, Bavaria ity at a rate of 1,000 m3 per hour. This equals a heat capacity of 90,000.000 kWh per year. With this amount, the gas demand of about 5,000 four-person-households can be covered.

While in Germany the generation of biomethane is based mainly on energy crops, E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH is currently also analyzing the application of organic waste in biomethane generation in existing projects all over Europe.

With its biomethane product, E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH as one of the leading companies will contribute to the achievement of the political climate goals until 2030 of the German Federal Govern- ment and the EU and play an integral role in the coverage of 10 percent of the overall gas consumption with renewables.

E.ON Bioerdgas GmbH Biomethane trading/generation Dr. Thomas Stephanblome Ruhrallee 307–309, D-45136 Essen, Germany Tel +49 (0)201 184-78 31 Fax +49 (0)201 184-78 37 www.eon.com

41 Companies and Market Players.

erdgas schwaben gmbh

We are where our customers are. burg. The other has been in operation since 2008, and is located in Maihingen, near Nördlingen in Donau-Ries. 87 Million kWh erdgas schwaben looks back on a long history as an energy are produced and anually fed into the grid. This amount equals provider in the German regions Swabia and Upper Bavaria. The 5,000 households which are currently experiencing the benefits current pipeline system connects 165 cities and communities, of green energy use. The Altenstadt/Schongau plant, based on covering an area of roughly 5,000 km. Public facilities as well residues, was awarded the “Biogaspartnership of the year” in as private households utilise our services, which cover the full 2009. Additional bio-natural gas plants, such as in Arnschwang, spectrum of natural gas supply. For the past three years, the are in the construction stage. With every bio-natural gas plant

Swabian energy supplier has been following its own unique we save roughly 10,000 tons of CO2. energy strategy: “The erdgas schwaben way”. The regional supply of energy from sustainable natural Central principles of the “erdgas schwaben way” include the resources makes Swabia independent from the international professional consultation for the reduction of energy costs, the energy market, thus strengthening the region as a whole. That support of more efficient natural gas utilization practices, and is why erdgas schwaben annually invests 10 million Euros into the resulting expansion of renewable energies. the expansion of renewable energies in the region and, through this measure, in our future generations.

The erdgas schwaben way. Bioenergy for us is a means to set the stage for the environment. Bio-energy from regenerative natural resources, 100 percent Bio-energy, the renewable energies from Swabia, have an enor- eco-friendly, always available and directly from Swabia. mous development potential! We have successfully expanded this business sector in 2008. erdgas schwaben currently man- erdgas schwaben gmbh ages two operating bio-natural gas plants. One plant has been Energy supply company in operation since 2007, and is located in Graben, near Augs- Georg Radlinger Director Renewable Energy and Heat Project Development Bayerstrasse 43, D-86199 Augsburg, Germany Tel +49 (0)821 90 02-170 Fax +49 (0)821 90 02-186 [email protected] www.erdgas-schwaben.de

Bio-natural gas plant erdgas schwaben

42 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG

The Viessmann Group is one of the leading international Schmack Biogas was the first company in Germany to imple- manufacturers of heating systems and offers a complete range ment the feeding of biogas into the natural gas grid. For gas up- of products for all energy sources and areas of application. grading, Schmack uses CARBOTECH technology. The company, Viessmann offers individual solutions, whether for detached or which now also belongs to Viessmann, is a specialist in technol- semi-detached homes, large apartment blocks, commercial and ogies and processes for conditioning, cleaning and generating industrial buildings or local heating networks. With the takeo- industrial gases and biogas in particular. ver of the two biogas specialists Schmack Biogas and BIOFerm, Viessmann is able to offer the complete package in the field of . biogas technology. Utilising biogas as part of “Efficiency Plus”. .

Thus Viessmann is enforcing its strategy of making increased With the construction of a biogas plant at the company’s head- use of renewable forms of energy. Renewable energy systems quarters in Allendorf/Eder, Viessmann is underlining its strategy already account for 25 percent of turnover at Viessmann. to make increased use of renewable energy sources as part of its “Efficiency Plus” sustainability project which aims, by 2010, to re-

duce the use of fossil fuels by 40 percent and CO2 emissions by 30 BIOFerm – the dry-fermentation specialist. percent. 4,500 tonnes of organic waste will be processed in the biogas plant every year to generate 2.7 million kwh of electricity The 2007 acquisition of BIOFerm GmbH, which provides biogas and heat. The primary energy of the biogas will be converted by plants based on dry fermentation, represented a first step a CHP plant from the manufacturer ESS, which also belongs to towards Viessmann expanding its field of expertise to include the Viessmann Group. biogas. The BIOFerm technology makes it possible to recycle organic waste from local authorities, agriculture and landscape Viessmann Werke GmbH & Co. KG preservation and turn it into energy. Target groups are local Biogas companies in the Viessmann Group: authorities, the food industry and landscape preservation busi- Schmack Biogas GmbH nesses. Markus Staudt Bayernwerk 8, D-92421 Schwandorf, Germany Tel +49 (0) 94 3 751-0 Schmack Biogas – market leader for biogas technologies and Fax +49 (0) 94 31 751-204 gas processing. [email protected] www.schmack-biogas.com The takeover of Schmack Biogas in January 2010 enabled Viess- mann to further expand its position in the market for renewable Schmack CARBOTECH GmbH energies. Schmack Biogas is one of the leading German provid- Bayernwerk 8, D-92421 Schwandorf, Germany ers of biogas plants. The company today provides its services in Tel +49 (0) 94 31 751-122 project management and construction as well as service and [email protected] operational oversight, and this makes it one of the few full-ser- BIOFerm mb vice providers in the industry. Since it was founded back in 1995, Grenzweg 4, D-91207 Lauf a. d.Pegnitz Schmack has constructed around 230 biogas plants around the Tel +49 (0) 912 39 99 52-0 world with a total output of over 100 MW. [email protected]

43 Companies and Market Players.

Based in Wolfsburg, Germany, the Volkswagen Group is one of EcoFuel may be ordered with the 6-speed manual gearbox or the world’s leading carmakers and is the largest producer of au- with the innovative dual clutch gearbox DSG. This Passat, in tomobiles in Europe. In 2009, the Group increased the number combination with the DSG gear box, is currently the only model

of vehicles delivered to customers to 6.336 million, representing in the midrange class that achieves a CO2 emissions value of a 11.3 percent share of the total world passenger car market. 119 g/km.

Nine brands from seven European countries belong to the The combination of the natural gas drive system and the turbo- Group: Volkswagen, Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, charged direct-injection in the Passat TSI EcoFuel is unique in Scania, SEAT, Skoda and Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles. the world. This advantageously combines fuel efficiency with Each brand has its own character and operates independently. dynamics. A modest rate of fuel consumption, as little as 4.4 kg Together, the product range extends from fuel-saving compact natural gas per 100 km (with DSG), and a 31-litre petrol tank cars to luxury class vehicles. The range of commercial vehicles result in a maximum driving range of over 900 kilometres. begins with pick-up trucks and extends to buses and heavy goods vehicles. The 1.4-litre engine generates 110 kW (150 PS). With both gearbox versions, a powerful 220 Newton metres of torque are available between 1,500 and 4,500 rpm. The dynamic performance The Volkswagen Group – one of the leading automobile manu- achieved was previously unknown for natural-gas vehicles: the facturers in the world. . car accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in just 9.8 seconds. This fuel . economy and dynamic natural gas engine is now available with It is the goal of the Group to offer attractive, safe and envi- an optional DSG gearbox in the Touran TSI EcoFuel. ronmentally friendly vehicles which are competitive on an increasingly tough market and which set world standards in The engine has specially been developed and optimised for the their respective classes. For example, Volkswagen offers the permanent use of natural gas: valves, pistons and the engine Passat TSI EcoFuel and the new generation of the Touran TSI management system have been designed for the changed EcoFuel , which combines for the first time natural gas power requirements of natural gas operation. In conjunction with and turbocharged direct injection. The Caddy features as Eco reduced fuel tax it offers considerable advantages in running Fuel the possibility of the natural-gas engine for all variety of costs in comparison to petrol engines. different models. In addition to the Caddy EcoFuel the offer includes since 2009 Under the brand name SunGas®, Volkswagen is involved in the Caddy Maxi EcoFuel with a sensational range of 700 km.

the production of largely CO2-neutral biogas. Natural gas and biogas are components of the fuel and powertrain strategy of Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Volkswagen.. Group Research, Powertrain Dr. Tobias Loesche-ter Horst Letterbox 011/17780, D-38436 Wolfsburg, Germany Passat TSI EcoFuel – Efficiency meets dynamics.. [email protected] . www.volkswagenag.com, www.sunfuel.de Volkswagen expanded its successful natural gas fleet with the TSI EcoFuel models. The Passat TSI EcoFuel and the Touran TSI

44 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

Abicon GmbH agri.capital GmbH

Project development of biogas and photovoltaic plants. Secure Energy for our Future.

ABICON GmbH was founded in 2006 and is a spin-off of AUDIT agri.capital GmbH is one of Germany’s largest decentral energy GmbH, a company active since 1994 focusing on quality and producers. Next to the generation of heat and power based on environmental management. biogas, one major focus of the Münster-based company is also the production of biomethane to be fed into the natural gas Led by its managers Dr. Andreas Möller and Thomas Knieling, grids. ABICON is by now a well-established market player, known not only in Hesse, but in all of Germany. agri.capital’s fields of competences span the entire value chain: Project development The core competences of our teams focus on the development Permit planning of projects in the biogas and photovoltaic fields. The teams Financing consist of civil engineers and agriculturists as well as business Construction management managers with special knowledge in the various sectors of Economical and technical operation renewable energies. raw material management Biological monitoring Thus, we can offer a broad spectrum of practical and theoretical Grid access know-how. Power, heat and biomethane sales and marketing

We can in particular offer profound experience and know-how Currently, agri.capital operates about 70 biogas modules at 49 on the upgrade of biogas to natural gas quality. sites all over Germany and Austria. This includes 3 plants feeding biomethane into the gas grid (Könnern, Lüchow, Schmar- Due to its ideal agricultural structure, the biomethane plant gendorf). Other plants are currently already in the construction Ransbach, Schwälmer Biogas GmbH & Co. KG, represents one or development stage. agri.capital also focuses on grid feed-in of the most sustainable biogas projects in Germany. Further repowering of existing biogas plants. biomethane projects are currrently in the planning stage. The generated biomethane is delivered by agri.capital to city Our main virtue lies in the interdisciplinary approach which works, communities and energy supply companies. enables us to meet all individual customer needs.

agri.capital GmbH ABICON GmbH Industrial partner regarding biogas projects Am Spielplatz 8, D-34630 Moischeid-Gilserberg, Germany for municipal energy suppliers and farmers Dr. Andreas Möller Bernd Hugenroth Tel +49 (0)6696 91 94 50 Hafenweg 15, D-48155 Münster, Germany Fax +49 (0)6696 91 94 51 Tel +49 (0)251 276 01-111 [email protected] Fax +49 (0)251 276 01-910 www.abicon-gmbh.de [email protected] www.agri-capital.de

45 Companies and Market Players.

Arcanum Energy Systems Aufwind Neue Energien GmbH & Co. KG GmbH

ARCANUM provides full-range consulting services of project A subsidiary of BayWa r.e GmbH. development of decentralized renewable power generation. We offer customized support for energy supply companies in Aufwind is a leading project developer and independent service biogas. provider for biomass, wind and solar power plants. The company plans, builds and operates power plants since 1995. The Our services “Biogas Pool” and “Biogas Service” ensure an design and operation of biomass plants have been established efficient biogas supply and they offer added value to all levels as a core competency. The portfolio spans the entire value chain of value chain. ARCANUM specializes in the consulting of from initial feasibility analysis to trade with biomethane, power municipal energy suppliers concerning alternative strategies, and heat. Overall, projects have so far been implemented with marketing and sales. an electrical capacity of 100 MW.

The company has its head office in Regensburg with own Arcanum Energy Systems GmbH & Co. KG branches and subsidiaries in Spain, Hungary, Czechia, Poland Project Development and Consulting and Indonesia. In 2009, the BayWa r.e GmbH purchased a Vera Schürmann ([email protected]), Prokura Hertingerstrasse 45, D-59423 Unna, Germany majority share in the Aufwind Neue Energien GmbH. In the Tel +49 (0)2303 952 32-0 BayWa r.e business line, the BayWa AG summarizes all activities Fax +49 (0)2303 95 232-2 concerned with the growth industry of regenerative energies. [email protected] www.arcanum-energy.de References – Biomass. 2010 Installation of Hungary’s most powerful biogas plant 2007 Poland: Biogazownia Liszkowo: Project engineering and implementation of the largest waste to biogas gas facility of Poland 2006 Biogas plant Pliening: First feeding into the naturalgas network in Germany. 2005 Europe’s most modern biogas to waste plant, at that time, in Hünxe 3,1 MW 2004 First local biogas park 2001 First German biogas fund

Aufwind Neue Energien GmbH Project development and operation of biogas plants, trading with heat, biomethane and electricity Sven Fischer Blumenstrasse 16, 93055 Regensburg, Germany Tel +49 (0)941 69 87 30-511 Fax +49 (0)941 69 87 30-550 [email protected] www.aufwind.com

46 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

BALANCE VNG Biogasrat e.V. Bioenergie GmbH

As a wholly owned subsidiary of the gas trading company Your partner for future energy policy. . VNG – Verbundnetz Gas AG, our focus is the development and . implementation of biogas projects, with special emphasis on Biogasrat e.V. is the association of leading market players in the the creation of biogas feed-in systems for the natural gas grid. biogas economy. Its members represent the entire value chain of the biogas sector. Among its members are agricultural energy producers, plant constructors, component suppliers, financing Strategy and Services. experts, project developers, energy supply companies, disposal managers as well as trading companies. BALANCE focuses on developing comprehensive, professional biomethane-related projects, and on providing various business Biogasrat acts as association with the purpose to develop the services for the biogas industry. It supplements these activi- market representing its members, to communicate the impor- ties primarily by marketing and transporting natural gas in tant role of bioenergies in the future energy mix to politics and coordination with VNG’s renewable energy program, placing the overall public and to establish better legal, economic and particular focus on the management of biomethane. political parameters for the biogas economy. A special focus lies on the needs and interests of agricultural, industrial and efficient biogas production and utilization. BALANCE VNG Bioenergie GmbH

Development and implementation of biogas feed-in projects The association complies with international and national Thomas Fritsch Maximilianallee 4, D-04129 Leipzig, Germany climate goals as well as with the further development of the Ger- Tel +49 (0)341 443 29 17 man energy sector. Biogasrat’s objective is to secure the German Fax +49 (0)341 443 29 19 biogas economy’s market leadership position and competi- [email protected] tive ability while at the same time answering to climate and www.balance-vng.de sustainability goals. Biogasrat is a fair and reliable partner for both politics and economy, always working towards the future energy policy.

Biogasrat e.V. Reinhard Schultz Janet Hochi Dorotheenstrasse 35, 10117 Berlin Tel + 49 (0) 30 20 14 31 33 Fax + 49 (0) 30 20 14 31 36 [email protected] www.biogasrat.de

47 Companies and Market Players.

bmp greengas GmbH Böck Silosysteme GmbH

Who we are. 30 percent more energy thanks to the BÖCK-Traunsteiner-silo- SInce bmp greengas focuses on trading, certification and system. consulting services in the biomethane market. Based upon the development of its own independent trading platform, bmp BÖCK offers you the full package from one source for the greengas is able to purchase biomethane from different provid- construction of this special bunker silo-system, starting from ers, structure and to provide its customers with highly custom- consulting up to a ready-to-use building, including unequalled ized products. This business model reduces market risks for all silo-cover protection if desired. The BÖCK-Traunsteiner silo- players and helps to create a free-flowing market. system combines both optimal functionality and environmental compatibility. Our solutions always are intelligent, low-cost With regards to certification, bmp greengas has developed a and efficient. standard offering in compliance with regulatory requirements. Proof of origin certificates for biomethane products in cooperation with TÜV SÜD are also provided. Economic advantages thanks to the Traunsteiner silo.

Trade. Your plants will be optimized through the combination of Purchasing of grid-grade biomethane expertise in agriculture and BÖCK’s unique experience. The Plant site purchasing of raw biogas forceful conversion of the BÖCK silo-system, from complete construction to ensiling logistics, has a huge effect to your silages Certification. energy-yield per ton. Our professional know-how, individual Planning and organization of audits with official authorities concepts, safety regarding costs and deadlines, constant super- administration of register documentation vision and our rigorous quality control will guarantee you the supply of product certificates best reliability for your project.

Consulting. Feasibility studies, economic modelling Environmental construction. Technological consultation on gas processing systems Workshops on minimal pricing scheme (EEG) BÖCK offers dependable solutions for environmental relief and is constantly improving them in cooperation with public authorities, engineers and technical universities. bmp greengas GmbH Lothar Gottschalk Ganghoferstrasse 68a, D-80339 München, Germany Böck Silosysteme GmbH Tel +49 (0)89 30 90 58 72 00 Complete solutions for bunker silo-systems, starting from con- Fax +49 (0)89 30 90 58 78 88 sulting up to ready-to-use construction including unequalled [email protected], www.bmp-greengas.de silo-cover protection Ronald Kriz, Executive Director Stefan-Flötzl-Strasse 24, 83342 Tacherting, Germany Tel +49 (0)8621 64 66-0 Fax 49 (0)8621 64 66-25 [email protected] www.boeck.de

48 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

BDH – Federal Industrial Bundesverband der Association of Germany – Maschinenringe e. V. House, Energy and Envi- ronmental Technology.

BDH is a federal association representing 82 manufacturers of Professional service providers for biogas production. heating systems and heating system components. It also represents three associated organizations. The machine syndicates, which represent about 194,000 work- ers, are agricultural self-help organizations designed primarily Manufacturers of high-efficiency systems for heating, sani- to help their members minimize operating costs. To this end the tary hot water provision, ventilation and air-conditioning in syndicates provide extensive services, from procuring machines buildings are organized in the Federal Industrial Association for shared use by companies to providing professional logistical of Germany House, Energy and Environmental Technology assistance such as low-cost professional substrates for machines. (BDH). These manufacturers produce modern wood, oil and Support for the development of renewable energies is among gas-fired boilers, heat pumps, solar installations, ventilation the syndicate association’s most important projects. For this systems, control and regulation mechanisms, radiators and reason, dena’s Biogas Partnership is a high priority for the panel heating/cooling systems, burners, heat stores, heating association. Of particular importance to the association is the pumps, flue systems, storage tanks and other ancillary compo- expansion of the syndicate network to include market partners nents. They generate a turnover of 12.3 billion Euros and employ involved in biogas grid feed-in initiatives, which stand to open some 62,000 staff worldwide. Because of the relatively high the gas feed-in market to rural and agricultural enterprises. investment in Research and Development – an annual figure of around 385 million Euros – the member companies of the Bundesverband der Maschinenringe e. V. BDH enjoy a leading position in international markets and are Professional service profile around the production of biogas technologically ahead of the field. Gerhard Röhrl Ottheinrichsplatz A 117, D-86633 Neuburg an der Donau, Germany BDH – Federal Industrial Association of Germany – Tel +49 (0)8431 649 94 60 House, Energy and Environmental Technology. Fax +49 (0)8431 649 94 50 Nationwide representation for manufacturers of heating systems [email protected] Wilfried Linke www.maschinenringe.com Frankfurter Strasse 720 –726, D-51145 Cologne, Germany Tel +49 (0)2203 935 93-19 Fax +49 (0)2203 935 93-22 [email protected] www.bdh-koeln.de

49 Companies and Market Players.

Bundesverband Kraft- CNG Services Ltd Wärme-Kopplung e. V.

Our Objectives. CNG Services Ltd (“CSL”) supports the development of new anaerobic digester projects including a range of utilisation op- The B.KWK is non-profit. It pursues its goals by: tions for biogas: Facilitating dialogue amongst professional groups and Use to generate electricity in “good quality” CHP institutions Clean-up of biogas to produce biomethane Minimizing deficient information exchange and perma- Injection of biomethane into gas distribution networks (BtG) nently establishing the practice of cogeneration among Production of compressed biomethane (CBM) for use as fuel policymakers, market actors and the population at large in road vehicles Providing consulting and support for interested persons Development of small scale biogas to CBM plants and institutions support to introduction of biomethane fuelled vehicles (we Encouraging and developing scientific and technical are working with VW, MB and Iveco) innovations Hosting information days, workshops, and conferences We also support the sale of biomethane to UK energy suppliers. organizing booths at trade fairs and exhibitions dedicated to the cogeneration topic CSL describes the above as “Green Gas” initiatives. Collaborating with other national and international organizations CSL is independent from manufacturers of AD plants, CHP plants, gas clean-up plants, compression plant manufacturers and the vehicle manufacturers. Who is invited to participate? CSL is developing the UK’s first Biomethane to Grid projects and People, enterprises, institutions and associations, particularly: has clients including United Utilities, Thames Water, Kelda, Cogeneration plant owners and operators in industry, trade, Centrica, Scotia Gas Networks and Northern Gas Networks. sales, and the public sector system and component manufacturers, service providers, CNG Services Ltd planners, consultants, contractors, energy agencies, techni- Biomethane Consultants and Project Managers cians, and installation specialists 37 St Bernards Rd, Olton, Solihull, B92 7AX, Great Britain Municipal power providers, utilities, power distributers, and Tel +44 (0)121 707 8581 grid operators [email protected] suppliers of natural gas, coal, petroleum, and biofuels www.cngservices.co.uk Banks, financial services companies, and insurers

Bundesverband Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung e. V. Wulf Binde Markgrafenstrasse 56, D-10117 Berlin, Germany Tel +49 (0)30 27 01 92 81-0 Fax +49 (0)30 27 01 92 81 99 [email protected] www.bkwk.de

50 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

Dalkia Energie Service Deutsche Landwirt- GmbH schafts-Gesellschaft e. V.

Energy in mind. Maintaining the Pace of Progress.

Dalkia, the Energy Division of Veolia Environnement, produces The DLG’s bases: innovation and progress. and distributes energy for residential and public buildings, The DLG (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e. V.) was industry and business. We are a leader in heating network founded in 1885 by the engineer and author Max Eyth. With management and a recognised expert in cogeneration. 20,000 members, it is among Germany’s leading agricultural and food economy organizations. Politically and economically Working close to customers in city centres, we participate independent, the DLG serves as a representative for all concerns actively in urban renewal. This is particularly true in Central regarding agriculture and food production. At the heart of the Europe, where our energy services are encountering growing DLG’s mission is the advancement of scientific and technologi- success. cal progress. With its activities and initiatives, DLG provides both the measures and the pace necessary for such progress. By optimising the energy mix, designing and operating high- efficiency installations and tapping into renewable energies, we International orientation. integrate the most advanced energy solutions to enhance our The DLG thinks and works internationally. By pursuing facilities’ technical, cost and environmental performance. This international practices and building and maintaining trade approach guarantees our customers the lowest prices, while partnerships abroad, it supports an international exchange minimising the impact of their energy use on the environment. of information.

Our portfolio of renewable energies includes biogas, biomass, Fields of work. landfill, sewage, and coal mine gas. Upgrading and grid- International trade exhibitions injection of biogas enables us to make renewable energy supply Machinery and equipment testing available wherever and whenever our customers need it. Food item testing Knowledge transfer

Dalkia Energie Service GmbH Daniel Hölder Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft e. V. Hammerbrookstrasse 69, D-20097 Hamburg, Germany Dr. Frank Setzer Tel +49 (0)40 25 30 38-17 Eschborner Landstrasse 122, D-60489 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Fax +49 (0)40 25 30 38-38 Tel +49 (0)69 247 88-323 Mobile phone +49 (0)173 448 52 90 Fax +49 (0)69 247 88-114 [email protected] [email protected] www.dalkia.de www.dlg.org

51 Companies and Market Players.

Deutsches Biomasse- German Farmers’ ForschungsZentrum Association. (DBFZ)

The German Biomass Research Centre (DBFZ) was founded in Tasks and aims of the German Farmers’ Association. 2008 by the Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Con- sumer Protection. It is an interdisciplinary working research The German Farmers’ Association (DBV) is the representation institute dealing with technical, economic and environmental of interests of agriculture and forestry in Germany. Founded aspects of the use of biomass for energy, both theoretically and in 1948, the DBV provides farming families with a unified, free practically addressed. Currently, DBFZ has a staff of approxi- and self-determined professional representation, for the first mately 134 employees. time in German history. The DBV is politically and confession- ally independent. More than 90 percent of the roughly 380,000 In addition to feasibility studies, expertise, technology farms in Germany are members of the DBV on a voluntary basis. assessments, scenario analysis, potential analysis, life cycle Representation of interests for the German farmers means a assessments, modelling and simulations, the work focuses on broad field – from agricultural and economic policy to prop- experimental research and development work in laboratories erty, legal and tax policy, from environmental and commercial as well as in a pilot and demonstration scale. DBFZ conducts policy to educational and social policy. One more specific task comprehensive projects in the fields of bioenergy production of the DBV is also the representation of interests of the people as well as the utilization of organic waste materials. Particularly living in rural areas – the rural regions need to be strengthened with regard to the supply of biomethane, public and private as economic, cultural and recreation areas. Equal conditions of funded research projects, surveys, analysis and potential living in the countryside need to be assured. studies are realised. Nationally and internationally, DBFZ consults energy suppliers, industrial companies as well as With its federal constitution – DBV, federal state and regional public contractors. farmers’ associations – the farmers’ association speaks for the concerns of its members on all political levels. The same applies for the European level by the membership in the European DBFZ Deutsches BiomasseForschungsZentrum farmers’ association COPA. The DBV, as a competent contact, gemeinnützige GmbH informs politicians, media and publicity authentically about (German Biomass Research Centre) Prof. Dr.-Ing. Frank Scholwin the economical and social situation of the farmers and current Torgauer Strasse 116, D-04347 Leipzig, Germany topics of agricultural policy and markets. The DBV as a service Tel +49 (0)341 24 34-112 provider offers numerous services and exclusive information Fax +49 (0)341 24 34-133 to its members and supports them in the management of their [email protected] farms and in dealing with public authorities. www.dbfz.de

German Farmers’ Association Udo Hemmerling Haus der Land- und Ernährungswirtschaft, Claire-Waldoff-Strasse 7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany Tel +49 (0)30 319 04-402 Fax +49 (0)30 319 04-196 [email protected] www.bauernverband.de

52 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

DZ BANK AG EnBW Gas GmbH

With the establishment of a specialised competence team, EnBW Gas GmbH combines all EnBW acitivities in gas distribu- AgrarNaturEnergie (ANE), DZ BANK is responding to the tion, supplying clients both in the Stuttgart metropolitan area increasingly important business areas of agriculture and as well as in the Black Forest and Hohenlohe regions. Many renewable energies. The task of the ANE team is to actively sup- other regions of Baden-Württemberg are furthermore indirect- port Volksbanken Raiffeisenbanken and their medium-sized ly supplied by EnBW through its affiliated companies. customers to implement and finance ANE projects. Via its subcompany Erdgas Südwest, EnBW since 2008 has been Supplemented by special offers by VR Leasing and R+V Ver- operating a biogas feed-in plant close to Laupheim. Currently, sicherung, DZ BANK, with its long-standing experience, is a EnBW is constructing a second plant for the feed-in of biogas competent financial partner in the cooperative FinanzVerbund. into the natural gas grid in Blaufelden. A biogas plant in opera- DZ BANK ensures ideal solutions for projects in the areas of tion since 2005 is being repowered for grid feed-in in coopera- agriculture, wind or solar power, biogas/biomass, geothermal tion with the agricultural operator. energy and water power, using an individual and tailor-made approach. A second element of EnBW’s biogas strategy is the utilization of so far unused biomass for energy generation. A special focus Simply contact us if you wish to reduce the unsecured propor- here lies on residues based on food production. In context with tions of your agricultural loan commitments or if you wish to a project supported by the Federal Ministry for Education and finance long-term loans with the involvement of relevant subsi- Research, EnBW is part of a consortium for the upgrade of dies or wish to pre-fund or interim-fund them. We can also help biogas based on food residues. The gas thus generated will be with matters regarding to operating resource funding, variable used as bio fuel in vehicles. The start of operation of this pilot forms of funding, including interest and currency hedging, raw plant is expected in April 2011. material price hedging, or the validation of profitability cal- culations. Furthermore, VR Leasing creates individual leasing EnBW Gas GmbH models for you and R+V Versicherung covers possible risks with Energy supply company its diversified product range. Thorsten Setzer, Strategic plant management Talstrasse 117, 70188 Stuttgart, Germany DZ BANK AG Tel +49 (0)711 289-431 79 Expertise for projects in the areas of agriculture, wind power, solar Fax 49 (0)711 289-440 72 power, biogas/biomass, geothermal energy and water power [email protected] Steffen Weinknecht www.enbw.com Gertrudenstrasse 3, D-20095 Hamburg, Germany Tel +49 (0)40 359 00-495 Fax +49 (0)40 359 00-333 [email protected] or [email protected] www.dzbank.com

53 Companies and Market Players.

Enovos Luxembourg S.A. EnviTec Biogas AG

Enovos is a merger of the three energy-supplying companies As the market leader EnviTec Biogas AG covers the entire value Cegedel S.A. and Soteg S.A. from Luxembourg as well as the chain for the production of biogas. In addition, the company German Saar Ferngas AG. Enovos offers public utilities, indus- also operates its own biogas plants. trial companies and private households a wide portfolio of energy- and natural gas products at competitive prices. At the end of 2009 EnviTec and Greenlane Biogas signed a li- cense agreement for the manufacturing, construction and sales Under the claim “Energy for today. Caring for tomorrow” of biogas upgrading plants throughout Europe. The process Enovos is presenting itself as a strong company who conse- used is pressurised water scrubbing. EnviTec Biogas offers gas quently invests in renewable energy projects, like Biogas, refinement plants with capacity ratings from 500 Nm3. Biomass, Wind and Photovoltaics, all around Europe. EnviTec has already been involved as principal supplier in the In the biogas business, Enovos holds a stake of 80 % in the construction of the world’s largest plant for the production of Energiepark Trelder Berg GmbH. The Energiepark consists of biogas to natural gas standards with a thermal output of 55 three biogas plants with a total electrical power of 5.1 MW. megawatts in Güstrow, in the German state of Mecklenburg- Western Pomerania. Further projects with biogas injection into the public natural gas grid are under development. EnviTec Biogas AG Planning, Implementation, Commissioning, Operation and As trading partner for biomethane, Enovos has long-time Service of biogas plants and biogas upgrading plants experience in the trading business for natural gas with a well Christian Ernst, Head of Sales Germany established relation to its customers. Boschstraße 2 (Sales and Distribution), 48369 Saerbeck, Germany EnviTec Biogas AG, Industriering 10 a, 49393 Lohne, Germany Tel+49 (0)2574 88 88-0 Enovos Luxembourg S.A. Fax +49 (0)2574 88 88-800 Renewables Energies & Cogeneration [email protected] Sebastian Nolte, Project Manager www.envitec-biogas.de L-2089 Luxembourg Tel +352 (0)2737-62 04 Fax +352 (0)2737-61 11 [email protected] www.enovos.eu

54 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

EPURON GmbH Evonik New Energies GmbH

EPURON develops, implements, finances and operates bioener- With renewable Energies for more climate protection. gy, wind energy, and solar energy projects. Since its foundation in 1998, EPURON has planned, built and connected to the grid Evonik New Energies GmbH, part of the Evonik Group, is a Euro- more than 100 projects with an output of over 500 megawatts. pean specialist in decentralized energy supply.

We manage our projects according to the motto “From the In keeping with present climate protection policy, it special- region, for the region”. We take into account the interests of all izes in providing custom-tailored solutions based on efficient parties involved: from development partners and farmers to and sustainable concepts. Energy sources range from biomass, public utility companies, local authorities or investors, thereby biogas and mine gas to utilization of geothermal energy. strengthening the entire value creation chain in agriculture.

Evonik New Energies GmbH We develop facilities from 500 kW to 3 MW and, depending el el Contracting and Application of Renewable Energies on the site, decide if biogas should be fed into the gas grid or Peter Ney, Communications and PR used to generate electricity. We provide a wide range of services St. Johanner Strasse 101 –105, 66115 Saarbrücken, Germany from one single source and guarantee that our projects are Tel +49 (0)681 94 94-00 always high-quality. Fax +49 (0)681 94 94-2211 [email protected] www.evonik.com/new-energies EPURON GmbH Project development and financing for farmers, local authorities, public utility companies and investors Dirk Homann, Project Development Bioenergy Anckelmannsplatz 1, D-20537 Hamburg, Germany Tel +49 (0)40 271 42-30 00 Fax +49 (0)40 271 42-33 00 [email protected] www.epuron.de

55 Companies and Market Players.

German Biogas Fraunhofer Institute for Association Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT

The association for the renewable energy source biogas in Fraunhofer UMSICHT develops and optimizes industry-oriented Germany. systems of environmental,- process-, basic material and energy technology. Its goal is to harmonize sustainable economy, envi- With about 3,900 members the German Biogas Association is ronmentally friendly technology and innovative behaviour in Europe`s biggest biogas lobby. It unites owners, manufactures order to improve quality of life of the people and support local and planners of biogas plants, and representatives of science ecenomy. and research. The association with its 26 employees promotes the extensive sustainable use of biogas technologies at Euro- With the leading topics pean, national and regional levels. Besides the headquarters bio refineries – Products based on renewable primary in Freising, the association is represented in Berlin as well as in sources, three regional offices in the north, south and east of Germany. matfunc – Particles, basic materials and membranes with In addition to the political representation of interests the Ger- functions, man Biogas Association has the following aims: Modular energy technology – Flexible solutions for sustain- advancement of technical development able energy systems and Promotion, evaluation and intermediation of scientific Information networks for system and energy technology – expertise and practical experience Using distributed knowledge in value chains Publications Promotion of national and international intermediation of The institute is present in the European research climate. experience Fraunhofer UMSICHT is leading in GIS-based modeling and bal- Formulation of quality standards ancing of biomass production (potentials, emissions, streams, sites) in rural areas. It is also leading in the development of Through participation in European projects and its member- biomass energy lad registers for the sustainable development ship in the European Renewable Energies Foundation (EREF), of energy supply concepts and and sites. (www.biogaseinspeis- the German Biogas Association is an active initiator of the inter- ung.de). national pooling of experience. It is represented by a committee elected by the general meeting of members. These are organ- In the biogas sector, the institute is active in interdisciplinary ized into 24 regional groups. topics such as permit and land use planning questions and is a consultant for policy makers in questions of the further develop- The most important event of the branch is the Biogas Annual ment of efficient biogas utilization. Conference. With more than 3,600 visitors this year, more visitors than ever streamed into the 19th Annual Conference of the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy German Biogas Association and the Europe’s biggest biogas Technology UMSICHT trade fair. Dipl.-Ing. Wolfgang Urban Osterfelder Str. 3, 46047 Oberhausen German Biogas Association Tel. +49 (0) 208/8598-0 Angerbrunnenstraße 12, D-85356 Freising , Germany Fax +49 (0) 208/8598-1290 Tel +49 (0)8161 984660 [email protected] Fax 08161 984670 www.umsicht.fraunhofer.de [email protected] www.biogaseinspeisung.de www.biogas.org

56 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

Fraunhofer-Institute for GASAG Berliner Gaswerke Wind Energy and Energy Aktiengesellschaft Systems Technology IWES

The new Fraunhofer-Institute for Wind Energy and Energy Sys- Company profile. tems Technology IWES was founded in 2009 and consists of the former Fraunhofer-Center für Windenergie und Meerestechnik The GASAG Berliner Gaswerke Aktiengesellschaft has been a CWMT in Bremerhaven and the Kassel Institut für Solare Ener part of the history of Berlin for more than 160 years. Today it gieversorgungstechnik – ISET e.V. supplies gas to round about 600,000 customers. In Berlin, the company’s name is synonymous with both gas supply security The research areas of the institute contain the complete and the use of innovative, environmentally friendly, energy sav- spectrum of wind energy as well as energy systems technology ing technologies. for the utilisation of all kinds of renewable energy sources. The portfolio ranges from theoretical work to experimental As a result of the 2007 initiation of the program “Berlin obliges research and field tests, through to device developments. – decentralised energy supply as a chance.” CO2 emissions in Berlin should decrease by one million tons. The program will The R&D division bioenergy systems technology, located at help secure a decentralised energy supply. It will also encour- IWES Hanau site, is focused on the energetic use of biogas. age the modernisation of heating systems and the development The main activities on biomass in power generation relate to of energy efficient and renewable resources such as biogas. systems technology for generating power from biomass at decentralised plants. Here, the IWES focuses on the integrated GASAG AG systems technology analysis, the application of new energy con- Dr. Guido Bruch version for power generation and the development of measure- Reichpietschufer 60, D-10785 Berlin, Germany ment methods and new methods for design and operation. Tel +49 (0)30 78 72-11 51 Fax +49 (0)30 78 72-11 55 In the area of biogas upgrading, IWES is conducting within [email protected] the European research project BIOGASMAX a monitoring of www.gasag.de European biogas upgrading plants and developing a micro gas distribution system for local network integration of biogas at the agricultural centre Eichhof. Currently IWES is conducting with the Fraunhofer-Institute UMSICHT and DBFZ the project BIOMON “Evaluation of biomethane supply, distribution and utilisation in Germany by a market monitoring” that is supported by the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety.

Fraunhofer-Institute for Wind Energy and Energy Systems Technology IWES Rodenbacher Chaussee 6, D-63457 Hanau, Germany Tel +49 (0)6181 58-27 01 Fax +49 (0)6181 58-27 02 [email protected] www.iwes.fraunhofer.de

57 Companies and Market Players.

Greenfield Europe HAASE Energietechnik AG

GREENFIELD EUROPE is one of the leading natural gas station Biomethane plants and high-end components for biogas plants.. constructing companies in Germany. A spin-off of the Mannes- . mann AG, GREENFIELD represents plant construction compe- HAASE Energietechnik AG is one of the leading suppliers of tence and long-standing experience. We are your specialist for process technology in the fields of biogas engineering and compressors, high pressure systems as well as for biomethane landfill engineering. The company’s history goes back to the and natural gas plants. year 1980.

GREENFIELD does not only act as natural gas station packager, but also as system supplier of turnkey plans. Our services in- Biogas upgrading with the HAASE BiogasUpgrader.. clude planning, permits, project development, parts assembly, . operation and maintance. All plant components have been For the generation of biogas, its energetic utilisation and developed by GREENFIELD. upgrading we supply all components in high-end quality: CHP units, booster stations, engineering containers, flares, Biogas- We rely on the know-how of the global GREENFIELD GROUP, Upgraders, as well as plant operation, contracting solutions, which has erected more than 1,700 natural gas stations worl- service & support. Furthermore, we build complete biomethane wide. Since 2007 a part of the Atlas Copco Group, we have access plants including the feed-in station for the gas grid. to more than 150 markets worldwide. HAASE BiogasUpgraders are successfully in operation in Jameln, Ronnenberg, Rathenow, and Forchheim. Under con- GREENFIELD EUROPE struction: Another BiogasUpgrader in Palmersheim (Euskirch- Franz Braun en) and complete biomethane plants in Schöpstal and Lehma. Lise-Meitner-Straße 5, 82216 Maisach Tel +49 (0)8142 448 42 14 Fax +49 (0)8142 448 42 10 HAASE Energietechnik AG [email protected] Plant constructor for process components of biogas plants; www.greenfield-comp.com complete plants with gas processing and feed-in www.gastankstellen.de Dr. Roland Kahn Gadelander Strasse 172, D-24539 Neumünster, Germany Tel +49 (0)4321 878-260 Fax +49 (0)4321 878-29 [email protected] www.haase-energietechnik.de

58 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

juwi Bio GmbH KWS SAAT AG

Besides agricultural and industrial biogas plants the juwi group KWS SAAT AG is one of the world’s leading companies in plant also constructs biomass heating power and wood chip heating breeding, with activities in about 70 countries with more than plants in different dimensions. 40 subsidiaries and affiliated companies. The product range includes more than 250 seed varieties for sugar beet, maize, ce- With an annual turnover of about 600 million EUR in 2009 and reals, oil seeds and potatoes. KWS conducted business in family more than 900 employees juwi is one of the leading renewable since 1856 in an independent and sustainable manner. energy companies. With research, breeding and the production of seeds which As an experienced project developer juwi is offering the whole yield increasingly stronger results, KWS stands at the beginning line-up of regenerative energy projects. juwi bio is taking care of the value-added chain. Bioenergy takes a very special place in of safeguarding an industry’s competitiveness and the raw ma- renewable energy, as plants represent an almost inexhaustible terial supply as well as planning, getting permissions, financ- source of food and raw materials. KWS recognised this early and ing, realization up to the project management. designed its own breeding programme for energy plants.

A main pillar for juwi bio is biogas plants on Nawaro basis. KWS relies on whole plant usage and on the production of bio Several modern plants with a magnitude of 500 KW have been gas energy, which is probably the most profitable and efficient realized so far in connection with a good heating concept. form of bioenergy generation in farming at the moment. Its potential to yield is crucial for the profitability of energy plants As the number of biogas facilities in Germany is constantly in particular. The increase in biomass yields is therefore at the rising, good locations with a reliable supply of substrates and centre of our research activities for energy plants. When breed- a convincing concept for energy recovery will be harder to ing to optimise the gas amount per hectare, the increase in total find. That is why juwi focuses on project development of biogas dry mass yields is crucial, in contrary to breeding for consump- plants with a feed into the gas grid. tion or sugar creation. The highest energy yields per surface unit are achieved when fermenting biomass from whole plants Farmers participating are able to develop a second income. juwi to biogas. has designed participation models, for example a co-op. Benefiting from juwi’s experience, authority and different par- The KWS energy plant programme for biogas generation ticipation models farmers are part of a well-knit community. currently includes the cultures of maize, sugar beet, sorghum and rye. Utilities profit from purchasing ecologically produced biomethane. It is turned into electric energy in a block heat and KWS SAAT AG power plant, where all lost heat can be used. Plant-breeding, energy plant-breeding Dr. Andreas von Felde juwi Bio GmbH Grimsehlstrasse 31 Energie-Allee 1, D-55286 Wörrstadt, Germany Postfach 1436, D-37555 Einbeck, Germany Tel +49 (0)6732 96 57-0 Tel +49 (0)5561 311-542 Fax +49 (0)6732 96 57-70 01 Fax +49 (0)5561 311-595 [email protected] [email protected] www.juwi.com www.kws.com

59 Companies and Market Players.

Landwärme GmbH MT-BioMethan GmbH

New ways for renewables. Corporate portrait.

Landwärme GmbH is an owner-managed project development MT-BioMethan GmbH was founded in May, 2008. The company, company based in Munich. Specialised on biogas upgrading originally an offshoot from the former gas treatment business and feeding biogas into the natural gas grid, Landwärme offers division of MT-Energie GmbH & Co. KG, supplies a complete a broad portfolio, including the following services: range of services in gas refinement and feeding. Feasibility studies Technological biogas upgrading designs The facilities are manufactured in series with three parallel supply contract management manufacturing stations at our new location in Zeven. We have Planning and pollution control permit coordination the combined knowhow and experience of twenty-five special- Grid connection design ists from the energy industry, plant construction and process as Financing concepts well as chemical engineering on our staff. Biomethane trading Certification MT-BioMethan GmbH gas refinement technology is based on Maintenance and operation concepts the BCM-Process® designed by DGE Dr. Ing. Günther Engineer- ing GmbH based in Wittenberg, a non-pressurised amine wash- Currently, we are focusing on gas upgrading extensions of existing process that refines biogas to natural gas grade for feeding ing biogas plants in a raw biogas capacity range from 500 to into the gas supply network. Unlike conventional refinement 2000 m3/h. We are presently developing more than 30 projects processes, the BCM-Process® excels in extremely low methane all over Germany, e.g. in Feldberg and Wittenburg. Further- losses of less than 0.1 percent while reaching very high methane more, Landwärme is active in project development in Eastern concentrations in excess of 99 percent. Europe.

MT-BioMethan GmbH Landwärme GmbH Supplier for complete biogas processing, feeding Zoltan Elek and transport technology Project development for biogas upgrade and feed-in Karsten Wünsche Ungererstrasse 40, D-80802 München, Germany Ludwig-Elsbett-Strasse 1, D-27404 Zeven, Germany Tel +49 (0)89 33 08 86 36 Tel +49 (0)4281 98 45-0 Fax +49 (0)89 33 08 85 96 Fax +49 (0)4281 98 45 -100 [email protected] www.mt-biomethan.com www.landwaerme.de www.mt-biomethan.com

60 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

NAWARO BioEnergie AG N. V. Nederlandse Gasunie

NAWARO BioEnergie AG – Biogas production on the industrial Gasunie is the first European gas transport company with a scale.. cross-border network in the Netherlands and Germany. The . excellent quality of our gas infrastructure, its strategic location, The NAWARO BioEnergie AG was founded in 2005 in Leipzig. Its its numerous connections to international gas flows and the business model is the planning, construction and operation of high levels of knowledge and experience of our staff, ensure industrial scale bioenergy parks. that our network forms the core of what is called the northwest European “gas roundabout”. With the „NAWARO BioEnergie Park „Klarsee“, the company started operation of the world’s largest plant park for power Gasunie is also the first company in Europe to issue certificates generation from biogas with a capacity of 20 Mwel in 2006. for trading green gas, which we do through our subsidiary Vertogas. Vertogas guarantees the origin of the green gas for Since June 2009, the NAWARO BioEnergie Park „Güstrow“ is each certificate it issues. This contributes to the successful evo- feeding biomethane into the natural gas grid. With a capacity lution of the market for green gas in the Netherlands and other of 55 MWth, this plant is the world’s largest plant for the produc- countries in Europe. tion of biomethane based on renewable primary sources – yet again setting a new standard. The role of natural gas will gradually change, given that the provision of renewable energy sources is entirely dependent All sites developed by the NAWARO BioEnergie AG are based on on the weather and therefore variable. Gas-fired power plants an industrial approach guaranteeing an efficient plant capacity can be quickly regulated and brought in to compensate for utilisation and thus the best possible resource recovery. All work fluctuations in the availability of solar and wind power. Natural processes are subject to permanent optimisation by NAWARO’s gas thus acts as a back bone and facilitator for renewable energy own research and development. sources. And the addition of green gas, such as biogas, to natural gas will of course make the natural gas itself increasingly Thus, NAWARO makes a contribution to the clean, secure and sustainable. affordable future energy production.

N.V. Nederlandse Gasunie NAWARO BioEnergie AG Gasunie is a European natural gas infrastructure company Planning, construction and operation of industrial scale biome- Concourslaan 17, NL-9727 KC Groningen, Netherlands thane production plants Tel +31 (0)50 521 21 42 Frau Kristin Rother, Assistant to the Board Fax +31 (0)50 521 19 99 Liviastraße 8, 04105 Leipzig, Germany [email protected] Tel +49 (0)341 231 02 85 www.gasunie.nl Fax +49 (0)341 231 02 61 [email protected] Gasunie Deutschland GmbH & Co.KG www.nawaro.ag Pelikanplatz 5, D-30177 Hannover, Germany Tel +49 (0)511 64 06 07-0 Fax +49 (0)511 64 06 07-1100 [email protected] www.gasunie.de

61 Companies and Market Players.

ÖKOBiT GmbH PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH

Multi-feedstock engineering services for every biogas Company portrait. and biomethane project. PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH is one of the leading biogas plant Upgrading and feeding biogas into the natural gas grid is the contractors in Europe. The portfolio ranges from the concep- most efficient possible use of biomethane. ÖKOBiT combines tion, planning and design, the installation of the plants, the location-specific feedstock concepts with optimized biogas upgrade from biogas to natural gas quality to service and bio- system engineering services and upgrades individually tailored logical support. More than 130 people are currently employed to customer needs. in the national and international locations. PlanET has already designed and built more than 170 biogas plants in Germany, the The individual standards of gas grid operators are decisive in Netherlands, Belgium, Canada and Japan. The scope reaches determining which biogas processing method is best in a given from agricultural to industrial standard. The construction situation, although the pressure washing method is usually kit SYSTEMBIOGAS is an innovative interface management most favourable. From the fermentation of grass, renewable enabling customers to upgrade their biogas plants at any time. primary products and organic material ranging from liquid Any component of the product portfolio is built up as a modular manure to food waste, ÖKOBiT offers multi-feedstock engineer- unit, offering a high level of flexibility. ing services for every biomethane project.

The ÖKOBiT name means technical expertise and flawless Trust the quality leader – Upgrade of biogas. operation, whether one requires consulting, site selection, feedstock safety services, or complete project implementation. The specialist counselling “Biogas Upgrade” of PlanET Biogas Innovative, reliable, cost-effective, and RAL-certified! technik offers consultancy for farmers, energy and engineering companies. The aim is to find the most efficient and profitable procedure for biogas upgrade. This selection depends on vari- ÖKOBiT GmbH ous parameters, analysed and presented by especially skilled Full-service provider for Biogas-/BioErdgasanlagen – staff. PlanET provides the latest upgrade technology due to a Project/Construction/Service Achim Nottinger tight network to any relevant international manufacturer of Jean-Monnet-Strasse 12, D-54343 Föhren, Germany upgrade technology. Tel +49 (0)6502 938 59-0 Fax +49 (0)6502 938 59-29 As a matter of course we offer potential customers guided bio [email protected] gas tours to biogas plants with latest AD technology. Please do www.oekobit.com not hesitate to contact us for further information!

PlanET Biogastechnik GmbH Turn Key Biogas plants and Biogas upgrade Marlies Mensing Up de Hacke 26, 48691 Vreden, Germany Tel +49 (0)2564 3950 171 [email protected] www.planet-biogas.com

62 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

PRIMAGAS GmbH Propan-Gesellschaft mbH

Specialist on liquid gas for gas upgrading. Propan-Gesellschaft – Your liquefied gas partner for biogas feed-in.

With PRIMAGAS biogas plant constructors, consumers and Propan-Gesellschaft specializes in the construction, operation, small and medium enterprises rely on an innovative and ser- and supply of large container facilities throughout Germany. vice-efficient partner, who is quickly in every corner of Germa- With its own planning department, facility construction team, ny. Since more than 50 years PRIMAGAS is standing for a secure and extensive expert knowledge, the company is guaranteed to supply with liquid gas. As a part of SHV Gas, a worldwide operat- be the right partner for biogas facility builders and grid opera- ing group of companies, PRIMAGAS benefits from comprehen- tors. The German Eichgesetz (Verification Act) requires that sive resources and perfected logistics. The gas comes from close liquefied gas be used to enhance the quality of biogas that is fed sources, from German refineries and the North Sea area. Interim into the natural gas system. Propan-Gesellschaft, a member of storage facilities of several thousands tons liquid gas assure the the Deutscher Verband Flüssiggas (German Liquefied Gas As- supply anytime. sociation), upholds the stringent quality standards established for liquefied gas in DIN 51622. A close-mashed distribution network and a nationwide service allows PRIMAGAS to be fast approachable for its customers For 60 years, the name Propan-Gesellschaft has stood for a everywhere. This includes amongst others consultancy on-site reliable supply of liquefied gas – and not only for large con- and prompt delivery of energy. PRIMAGAS regional centers are tainer facilities, but also in the case of small tanks, gas bottles, situated in Krefeld (West), Dresden (Ost) and Würzburg (Süd). and in the autogas segment. The gas is produced at refineries Additionally PRIMAGAS works together with more than 6000 in Europe and the North Sea area and delivered via large tank sales partners. The service of PRIMAGAS is TÜV-certified. warehouses using our own fleet of tanker trucks and specific shipping providers. PRIMAGAS has emerged in the last years to a demanded partner of biogas plants. The biogas is upgraded to natural gas quality, Economic efficiency, individuality, customized end-to-end solu- under enrichment with liquid gas, to be injected to the public tions from a single source – that’s the company philosophy of gas grid later. With PRIMAGAS liquid gas the high quality stand- Propan-Gesellschaft! This spring alone, several large container ard of network operators is assured. facilities are scheduled to be built in the states of Brandenburg, Hessen, and Baden-Württemberg.

PRIMAGAS GmbH Propan-Gesellschaft is your partner when it comes to realizing Trading with liquid gas, planning and construction new biogas projects! of liquid gas plants for gas upgrading Marco Fischell Luisenstrasse 113, D-47799 Krefeld, Germany Propan-Gesellschaft mbH Tel +49 (0)2151 852-235 Liquefied Gas Supplier / Enhancement of Biogas Fax +49 (0)2151 852-340 Björn Briesemeister, Executive, Sales Manager large container [email protected] facilities www.primagas.de Hammer Deich 134 –140, 20537 Hamburg, Germany Tel+49 (0)40 21 11 02-50 Fax +49 (0)40 21 77 58 [email protected] www.propangesellschaft.de

63 Companies and Market Players.

ProTech Energiesysteme Law firm Schnutenhaus GmbH & Kollegen

Engineering and Installation. Schnutenhaus & Kollegen is a highly specialised energy law firm. We have been dealing closely with the legal and contractual ProTech delivers turn-key solutions with standardized ECOMAX basic conditions of biogas feed-in from the outset and offer com- LPG tanks, vaporizers, and gas blenders for example for digester prehensive legal support of gas feed-in projects. Based in Berlin, gas conditioning. Under German law, we are a registered currently seven attorneys (Rechtsanwälte) advise clients in all company for gas, heating, and electrical installations as well as parts of Germany. Due to our concentration on energy, climate cathodic corrosion protection. protection and renewable energies, we offer a high level of legal expertise, economic and technical know-how for the needs of our clients, and long-standing experience in these sectors. De- Approval. pending on the project, we cooperate with consulting engineers, auditors, tax consultants, business consultants and banks. We are specialized in carrying out official applications required by regulations and laws. Standardized submissions help us to Authorisation. achieve short approval periods. The requirements for the construction and operation of gas- processing and gas feed-in plants are numerous. A standard authorisation procedure has not been established yet. We sup- Service. port plant operators in all legal issues related to planning and the authorisation process. ProTech services all gas installations, carries out mandatory periodic inspections, and competently provides instructions, Grid connection. and training to operator personnel, as required by law. The The legal framework of biogas feed-in has been hugely im- company has established a 24 hour hotline for emergencies. For proved with the amended Gas Grid Access Ordinance on access assessments or surveys registered experts for gas installations to the gas grid. In practice, the grid connection is still an obsta- are in-house available. cle for many gas feed-in projects. We support plant operators in speedy implementation of grid connection. As a member of the Tyczka Group we collaborate with gas companies to offer flexible solutions in gas supply. Fill-levels are Drafting contracts. transmitted remotely to provide a high quality of on-time gas From the installation of a biogas plant to the energy usage of delivery. biomethane, the drafting of contracts requires special care in gas feed-in projects. The project partners have to specify their ProTech is registered according to ISO 9001:2008 und SCC**. areas of responsibility clearly and agree on contractual provisions which are fair to the interests of all involved.

ProTech Energiesysteme GmbH Gas and Energy Systems Schnutenhaus & Kollegen Hannes K. Junginger, Managing Director Legal support for biogas feed-in projects Oelgrabenstrasse 13, D-71292 Friolzheim, Germany Rechtsanwalt Hartwig von Bredow Tel +49 (0)7044 94 22-0 Reinhardtstrasse 29B, D-10117 Berlin, Germany Fax +49 (0)7044 94 22-29 Tel +49 (0)30 25 92 96-30 [email protected] Fax +49 (0)30 25 92 96-40 www.www.protech.de [email protected] www.schnutenhaus-kollegen.de

64 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

RES Projects GmbH RWE Vertrieb AG

Partner for biomethane projects – consulting, development, In the summer of 2009, RWE put a plant with bio-methane feed- operating enhancement. ing of around 15,600 Nm3 per day into operation in Güterglück in Saxony-Anhalt, equating to a bio-methane generation of 52 In 2003, RES Projects GmbH has been involved in the develop- million kWh per year. It suffices to provide the equivalent of ment and control of the first biomethane feeding-in project in about 6,000 households or a district heating power plant with

Germany. Since then, RES successfully has accomplished many a rating of three MWel with gas around the clock. Over 50,000 other biomethane projects. tonnes of regenerative raw materials will be used annually – mainly maize silage, intercrop fruit and liquid manure. By technical specialization and interdisciplinary consulting teams, we cover the entire biogas value-added chain and A similar plant is also built in Bergheim-Paffendorf (North bundle all skills for consulting, development and operational Rhine-Westphalia). Here too, up to 15,600 Nm3 refined biogas enhancement of biomethane projects. With a proven project will be produced. approach and comprehensive experience from numerous projects, we daily work with passion towards a sustainable and With the use of liquid manure, RWE is developing a completely locally rooted energy supply of the future. In partnership with new plant concept. The company has entered into an alli- our customers we realize this vision – RES is ‘energy for genera- ance with the agricultural federation “Westfälisch-Lippischer tions’. Landwirtschaftsverband”. The goal is to build biogas plant operating almost completely on liquid manure. To do that, the With our range of services, RES Projects paves the way for fermentation residues are refined in an innovative process into feeding-in biogas into the public natural gas network. high-quality manure, which can be spread on the fields outside the refining region in Münsterland instead of the original Gas network connection / Feasibility studies / Initial Operation / manure, reducing excess soil nutrients in regions with intensive Technology consulting / Funding concept / Substrate analysis / animal husbandry. The production of biogas and marketing of Logistics concept / Site selection / Project management / Investor manure creates additional sources of income for the farmers. identification / Profitability calculation / Public relations / The construction of a pilot plant is expected to start in 2010. The

Operation enhancement / Approval process / Tender / Project plant will be designed for 9 MWth and could thus feed 60 GWh of development / Public funding / Contractual affairs bio-methane gas and 8 GWh of electricity into the public grid.

In total, RWE plans to build up to 10 plants with refining and RES Projects GmbH Consulting, development and control of biomethane projects feeding into Germany’s natural gas grid by 2012. Andreas Schramm Ganghoferstrasse 68a, D-80339 München, Germany RWE Vertrieb AG Tel +49 (0)89 316 05 79-560 Christian Kissler Fax +49 (0)89 316 05 79-888 Freistuhl 7, D-44137 Dortmund, Germany [email protected] Tel +49 (0)231 438-08 www.res-projects.de Fax +49 (0)231 438-3080 www.rwe.com

65 Companies and Market Players.

Thüga Energie GmbH TÜV NORD Group

Thüga Energie GmbH is a modern, customer-oriented energy Based on many years of experience, the TÜV NORD Group (with supplier belonging to Thüga AG, the largest municipal energy more than 8.500 employees worldwide) has comprehensive group in Germany. Approx. 145,000 customers in the regions know-how in certification of green electricity and biogas prod- of Hegau (south of Baden-Württemberg), the area west of Lake ucts as well as in the appraisal and final inspection of biogas – Constance, Allgäu-Upper Swabia and Rhine-Hesse-Palatinate and upgrade plants. are supplied with electricity, natural gas and heat. The clients of TÜV NORD Group are provided with support, from Renewable energies are not only an integral part of the range the planning phase through the approval process up to safe of products offered, but Thüga Energie GmbH also invests in and environmentally-friendly operation of the plant. A further most recent technologies. The latest major project is a biogas important aspect is the legal compliance of operational and treatment plant operated in co-operation with the companies systems management within the company as a whole. Franz Rupp Gaserzeugung GbR and BRV – Biologische Reststoff Verwertung GmbH. The environmental assessment organisation of TÜV NORD Group fulfils the legal requirements needed to check remunera- tion claims of biogas plant operators. If the rules of EEC 2009 are More efficiency thanks to innovative technology. adhered to, operators can claim different types of bonus (e.g. technology bonus, waste heat use, use of renewable resources In its biogas plant located in Kisslegg-Rahmhaus the company and liquid manure). Franz Rupp recycles foodstuffs which are unfit for consumption. The ultra-modern treatment plant, put into operation in May TÜV NORD Group 2010, transforms the gas mixture into a biogas which reaches Biogas-related assessments and certifications natural gas quality. Florian Schneichel (EEG, Certification Biogas) [email protected] Thanks to the innovative membrane technology used in the bi- Max Westphalen (Safety System) ogas plant, the treatment of the gas is possible without the need [email protected] of process water or chemical detergents. Uta Preußker-Thimm (Odour and sound emission measurement) [email protected] The processed bio-natural gas is fed into the natural gas grid and can be used as fuel and energy source. With the biogas Locations: generated in Kisslegg it is possible to supply approx. 1,000 Langemarckstrasse 20, D-45141 Essen, Germany households in the future. Tel +49(0)201 825-0 Am TÜV 1, D-30519 Hannover, Germany Tel +49(0)511 986-0 Thüga Energie GmbH Große Bahnstraße 31, D-22525 Hamburg, Germany York-Alexander Batsch (Thüga AG in Munich) Tel +49(0)40 85 57-0 Manager Renewable Energy and Systems Engineering www.tuev-nord.de/en Industriestr. 9, 78224 Singen Tel +49 (0) 89 38197-0 [email protected] www.thuega-energie.de

66 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Companies and Market Players.

TÜV SÜD Industrie WELtec BioPower GmbH Service GmbH

TÜV SÜD has long-standing international experience in the Established in 2001, WELtec BioPower GmbH is a leading field of energy certification. We provide certification services provider of complete biogas plants. Based on the long-standing for traditional ecopower products, generation of tradable experience of the parent companies and the modern approach certificates and renewable energy plants. Our latest TÜV SÜD- of young engineers, the company, with its staff of 55, offers Service “GreenMethane” offers the certification of biogas which complete solutions from one source. is fed into the natural gas grid. As the hydrogen sulphide and ammonia compounds contained The certification service is designed for: in biogas corrode unprotected parts, WELtec makes use of stain- operators of plants for biogas generation and grid injection less steel fermenters, ensuring a long life of the plant. WELtec Traders of biomethane BioPower uses only proven system components and develops Providers of biomethane end user products most of the technologies internally, such as fermenter technolo- network operators gy, mixing technology, control technology, sanitation systems, and digestate processing solutions. Thanks to its advanced Documentation and verification of the plant technology and production depth, WELtec does not need to purchase any parts feedstock are vital due to the physical separation of produc- or material and guarantees a consistently high quality around tion and consumption. The TÜV SÜD standard GreenMethane the globe. WELtec BioPower biogas plants are characterised by provides a reliable system for documentation, auditing and cer- a modular structure. This enables individual and flexible solu- tification. Market participants holding this certificate benefit tions. from the new regulations of the European Renewable Ener- gies Directive, the German Renewable Energies Heat Act, the In Könnern (Saxony-Anhalt) WELtec BioPower has built one of German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and the biofuels the largest biogas-parks in the world with upgrading facilities sustainability ordinance. and direct feed-in of biomethane into the public grid, where 15 million cubic metres of biomethane are fed into the grid. Cur- rently, WELtec BioPower is planning and building more biogas TÜV SÜD Industrie Service GmbH parks with direct gas feed-in, such as Barsikow, Brandenburg, Certification of biogas, which is fed into the natural gas grid which will generate 4,8 million cubic metres of biomethane per Elena Schmidt Westendstraße 199, 80686 München, Germany year from late 2010 on. Tel +49 (0) 89 57 91 34 11 Fax +49 (0) 89 57 91 27 56 WELtec BioPower GmbH is one of the first providers of complete [email protected] biogas plants to be certified by TÜV Rheinland according to the www.tuev-sued.de/energie-zertifizierung environmental management standard DIN EN ISO 14001:2004 and the quality management standard DIN EN ISO 9001:2000.

WELtec BioPower GmbH Sales Director Hajo Schierhold Zum Langenberg 2, D-49377 Vechta, Germany Tel +49 (0)4441 999 78-0 Fax +49 (0)4441 999 78-8 [email protected] www.weltec-biopower.de

67 Companies and Market Players.

RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS

Windwärts Energie GmbH

Windwärts Energie GmbH develops, finances and operates projects with renewable energy. Subsidiaries are based in France, Italy and Greece.

Projects from one source.

In the biogas business area, Windwärts Energie GmbH develops projects from testing feasibility to securing sites and feed stock used, through to implementation and launch. It ensures sustainable funding and also remains responsible for the continuous operation of the systems. In addition, projects in all development stages are assumed.

The company plans biogas plants with a direct feeding-in of biogas into the natural gas network with a power of at least 3 300 m /h of biomethane or a power of 500 kWel with local heat utilisation. A special focus is on active and open communication with residents and business partners, as well as close cooperation with municipalities and farmers.

Windwärts Energie GmbH was founded in 1994, employs a workforce of 71 in Germany and has realized total of 124 wind turbines and 24 photovoltaic plants with an total capacity of 215 MW.

Windwärts Energie GmbH Renewable energy projects Fred Wokittel Plaza de Rosalia 1, D-30449 Hannover, Germany Tel +49 (0)511 12 35 73-0 Fax +49 (0)511 12 35 73-19 [email protected] www.windwaerts.de

68 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Abbreviations.

Abbreviations.

BtL Biomass-to-Liquid BHKW Blockheizkraftwerk

CH4 Methane CHP Cogeneration of Heat and Power

CO2 Carbon Dioxide DVGW (Deutsche Vereinigung des Gas- und Wasserfaches) German Technical and Scientifical Association for Gas and Water DEA Diethanol Amine Washing DP (Druckstufe) Pressure Stage EEG (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz) German Renewable Energy Sources Act EEWärmeG (Erneuerbare Energien-Wärme-Gesetz) German Renewable Energy Heat Act FNR (Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe) German Agency for Renewable Resources GasNZV (Gasnetzzugangsverordnung) German Gas Network Access Ordinance GWh Gigawatt Hour

H2S Hydrogen Sulphide IEKP (Integriertes Energie- und Klimaprogramm) Integrated Energy and Climate Programme kWh Kilowatt Hour MEA Monoethanol Amine Washing MWh Megawatt Hour

NH3 Ammonia Nm3 Normal Cubic Meter PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption PWS Pressurised Water Scrubbing

69 Glossary.

Glossary.

Anaerobic biological decomposition Degradation of organic L-Gas (Natural Gas L) Gas classification, in which “L“ stands for substance with the help of anaerobic bacteria; one effect is “low“. Natural gas of this quality possesses a calorific value of biogas release. ca.10 KWh/Nm3 Biogas Product of the anaerobic biologic decomposition of Manure Collective term for dung and urine of agricultural farm organic substances. Consists of 45 –70 percent methane, 30 –55 animals, possibly together with litter percent carbon dioxide, marginal amounts of nitrate, sulphide Normal Cubic Metre (Nm3) Measuring unit for the amount of gas and other trace gases. In legal texts and ordinances, the term which under “normal conditions” equals the volume of a cubic biogas may also relate to gas upgraded to natural gas quality (also metre. Normal conditions include a 1.01325 bar pressure level, called “Bio- Natural Gas” or “Biomethane”). For gas right after the 0 percent humidity and a temperature of 0 °C (DIN 1343) or 15 °C fermentation process, the terms raw biogas or bio-raw gas are (ISO 2533) often used. Proof of Origin Certifiacte stating that a biomethane quantity Biomethane Coinage, Term for methane of biological origin, taken from the natural gas grid equals the amount of biomethane applied for biogas upgraded to natural gas quality, synonym for fed into the natural gas at another point of injection regard- bio-natural gas. ing quality and amount. Especially important for the validation Bio-natural gas Coinage, term for biogas upgraded to natural of EEG-feed-in tariffs (such as the renewable primary products gas quality and injected into the natural gas grid, synonym for bonus) for power generated from biomethane. biomethane. PSA Pressure Swing Adsorption Cogeneration of Heat and Power Simultaneous conversion of Raw Biogas Biogas in the raw state right after the fermentation implanted energy in mechanical / electrical energy and useable process (before upgrade processes). Often also referred to as heat. In a cogeneration process, the energy included in an energy bio-raw gas. source (e.g. biogas) is efficiently used since the heat generated Renewable Primary Products Collective term for resources during the power production process is used for the heating of generated in agriculture and forestry operations such as wood, production processes. flax, rape, sugar substances and starch from beets, potatoes or Desulphurisation Biogas upgrade process step in which the corn. As well as plants for energy use, the term also includes plants sulphur portion included in raw biogas is removed in a biological or industrial use.

and/or chemical process. Upgrade Process to enrich the quality of biogas. A CO2-separation Digestate Biogas production residues after fermentation (= methane enrichment) is necessary to achieve natural gas Energy plants Plants grown specifically for energy utilisation, quality by increasing the methane portion of raw biogas (45 –70 whose energy is made usable by processes of fermentation, percent) to the local quality (natural gas L ca. 85 percent, natural burning and gasification. gas H up to 99 percent). Fermentation Multi-stage process in which organic substances Wobbe Index Data used for the quality characterisation of are degraded under conditions of oxygen deficiency and moist combustion gases. Similar Wobbe data points to the interchange surroundings. One product of this process is biogas, synonym for ability of gases without further modifications of combustion digestion. nozzles, for example. H-Gas (Natural Gas H) Gas classification, in which “H“ stands for “high“. Natural gas of this quality possesses a calorific value of ca.12 kWh/Nm3 Injection Process of the feeding of biomethane into the natural gas grid.

70 BiogasPartner – a joint initiative Publisher. Important Note. Deutsche Energie-Agentur GmbH (dena) All rights reserved. Any use is subject to consent by dena. German Energy Agency Renewable Energies All content has been prepared with the greatest possible care Chausseestrasse 128 a and is provided in good faith. dena provides no guarantee 10115 Berlin, Germany regarding the currency, accuracy and completeness of the Tel: +49 (0)30 72 61 65-600 information provided. dena accepts no liability for damages of a Fax: +49 (0)30 72 61 65-699 tangible or intangible nature caused directly or indirectly by the use of or failure to use the information provided, unless dena E-mail. can be proven to have acted with intent or gross negligence. [email protected] This publication was prepared with the kind support of the Internet. partners in the biogaspartner project. www.biogaspartner.com www.dena.de

Editor. dena Michael Herr Alexandra Lermen Sandra Rostek

Layout. Katrin Schek, kursiv, Berlin.

Photos. aboutpixel.de/Fischlein/Gastmann, B.KWK e. V., BMR e. V., DVGW e. V., erdgas schwaben gmbh, Erdgas Mark Brandenburg GmbH , Landwärme GmbH, MT-BioMethan GmbH, ÖKOBiT GmbH, RWE Energy AG, Schmack Biogas AG, digitalstock.de, pixelio.de

Printed by: H&P Druck, Berlin

Date: 5/2010

71 The platform for biogas grid injection.. www.biogaspartner.com

Article No. 5004