48409-002: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector
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Initial Environmental Examination Project number: 48409-002 February 2021 CAM: Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project For the rehabilitation of Kbal Teuk, Trapeang Tros, and Tuol Pring irrigation subprojects in Tboung Khmum Province Prepared by the loan consulting firms for the Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology and the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of January 2021) Currency Unit = Riel/s (KR) KR1.00 = 0.00025 $ 1.00 = KR 4,052 ABBREVIATIONS AC - Agricultural Cooperative ADB - Asian Development Bank CFAVCP - Climate-Friendly Agribusiness Value Chains Sector Project EA - executive agency EIA - environmental impacts assessment EMP - environmental management plan ESO - environmental safeguards officer RGC - Royal Government of Cambodia JICA - Japan International Cooperation Agency IA - implementation agency IEE - initial environment examination IEIA - initial environmental impacts assessment IPM - integrated pest management IWR - irrigation water requirement MAFF - Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries MEF - Ministry of Economy and Finance MOE - Ministry of Environment MOU - Memorandum of Understanding MOWRAM - Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology O&M - Operation and maintenance PDAFF - Provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries PDWRAM - Provincial Department of Water Resources and Meteorology PIC - project implementation consultants PPIU - provincial project implementation unit PPTA - project preparatory technical assistance SPS - Safeguard Policy Statement TOR - Terms of Reference WEIGHTS AND MEASURES km - kilometer kg - kilogram ha - hectare NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States Dollars ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii List of Tables iv List of Figures iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY v A. Background v B. Project Output v C. Initial Environmental Examination Report vi D. Assessment Finding vii E. Mitigation Measures viii F. Environmental Management Plan viii I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Irrigation Subprojects Location 1 B. Background of Three Irrigation Subprojects 1 II. LEGAL AND ADDMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 2 A. ADB Environmental Requirements 2 B. Public Disclosure 3 C. Cambodian Environmental Laws and Guidelines 3 D. Environmental Standards: Management Solutions for Environmental Protection 4 E. Environmental, Health and Safety Guideline 8 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECT 9 A. Subproject Location 9 B. The Existing Three Irrigation Schemes Situation 9 a). Kbal Teuk Irrigation Scheme 9 b). Tuol Pring Irrigation Scheme 17 c). Trapeang Tros Irrigation Scheme 20 C. Need for the Subproject 24 D. Designed Hydraulic Structures 24 E. The Proposed Three Irrigation Schemes Upgrade 25 F. Typical Cross Section for Package No. CFAVC-MOWRAM-TBM-CW13.1 of Irrigation Schemes 27 G. Irrigation Schemes After Rehabilitation 35 a). Kbal Teuk Irrigation Scheme 35 b). Tuol Pring Irrigation Subproject 35 c). Trapeang Tros 35 IV. DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 35 A. The Situation of Tboung Khmum Province: 35 B. Physical Resources 35 C. Biological Resources 41 D. Socio-Economic Resources 44 V. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ASSESSMENT 46 VI. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 47 A. Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits 47 B. Environmental Measures during Pre-Construction Phase 47 C. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase 48 D. Environmental Impact and Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase 51 E. Unanticipated Impacts during Construction and Operation 51 VII. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION 53 VIII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM 55 A. Proposed Mechanism 55 B. GRM Procedure and Timeframe 55 IX. CONCLUSION, ASSURANCES AND RECOMMENDATION 58 A. Positive Impact and Environmental Benefits 58 B. Negative Impact 58 C. Assurances 58 iii ANNEX 1 – ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) 60 A. Introduction 60 B. Responsibilities for Implementation 60 C. Summary of Potential Impacts 61 D. Summary of Management and Monitoring Cost 61 E. Environmental Monitoring and Reporting 72 F. Reporting 74 G. Training Program and Institutional Capacity Review and Needs 74 H. Grievance Redress Mechanism 75 ANNEX 2 – LIST OF PARTICIPANT AT MEETING, MINUTE OF MEETING AND PHOTOS 77 ANNEX 3 - LIST OF DRAWING FOR IRRIGATION SUBPROJECTS 94 List of Tables Table 1: List of Projects Requiring an IEIA or EIA............................................................................... 4 Table 2: Public Water Quality Standard for Biodiversity Conservation ............................................... 6 Table 3: Drinking Water Standards...................................................................................................... 6 Table 4: Ambient Air Quality Standards .............................................................................................. 7 Table 5: Maximum Permitted Noise Level in Public and Residential Area (dBA) .............................. 7 Table 6: Existing Reservoirs and Potential Enlarged Kbal Teuk Irrigation System .......................... 15 Table 7: Kbal Teuk Cropping Pattern ................................................................................................ 17 Table 8: Existing Reservoirs and Potential Improved Tuol Pring Irrigation System ......................... 17 Table 9: Existing Cropping Pattern of Tuol Prinng ............................................................................ 20 Table 10: Existing Reservoirs and Possible Improvement of Trapeang Tros Irrigation System ...... 21 Table 11: Cropping Pattern of Trapeang Tros................................................................................... 23 Table 12: List of Hydraulic Structures to be built for Kbal Teuk ........................................................ 25 Table 13: List of Hydraulic Structures to be built for Tuol Pring ........................................................ 25 Table 14: List of Hydraulic Structures to be built for Trapeang Tros ................................................ 25 Table 15: List of Irrigation Network System in Package No. CFAVC-MOWRAM-TBM-CW13.1 ..... 26 Table 16: Tboung Khmum Geopolitical Information .......................................................................... 38 Table 17: List of Fish Found in Project Location ............................................................................... 43 Table 18: Number of Households and Beneficiary Households ....................................................... 45 Table 19: Administrative Scope and Land Coverage ........................................................................ 45 Table 20: GHG Emissions from Rice Paddy ..................................................................................... 46 Table 21: Key Issues Discussed during Meeting and Method to Address ....................................... 53 Table 22: Environmental Consultation and Communication Plan ..................................................... 54 List of Figures Figure 1: The Location of Irrigation Subproject in Tboung Khmum Province ................................... 10 Figure 2: Location of Kbal Teuk Irrigation Scheme ........................................................................... 11 Figure 3: Location of Tuol Pring Irrigation Scheme ........................................................................... 13 Figure 4: Location of Trapeang Tros Irrigation Scheme.................................................................... 14 Figure 5: Current Layout Map of Kbal Teuk Irrigation System .......................................................... 16 Figure 6: Current Layout Map of Tuol Pring Irrigation System.......................................................... 19 Figure 7Figure 8: Existing Layout of the Trapeang Tros Irrigation System ...................................... 22 Figure 9: Typical Cross Section of Kbal Teuk Irrigation Scheme...................................................... 28 Figure 10: Typical Cross Section of Tuol Pring Irrigation Scheme .................................................. 31 Figure 11: Typical Cross Section of Trapeang Tros Irrigation Scheme ........................................... 33 Figure 12: Average Monthly Rainfall & Evapotranspiration Rates of Tboung Khmum Province ..... 36 Figure 13: Geological Map of Cambodia ........................................................................................... 37 Figure 14: Shallow-depth earthquakes in Southeast Asia ................................................................ 38 Figure 15: Cambodia Natural Protected areas .................................................................................. 42 Figure 16: Cultural Site ...................................................................................................................... 44 Figure 17: Procedure of the Grievance Redress for Irrigation .......................................................... 57 iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY