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1 STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI NGAJAT LESUNGPADA GAWAI BATU DAYAK IBAN KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG Abstract

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1 STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI NGAJAT LESUNGPADA GAWAI BATU DAYAK IBAN KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG Abstract STRUKTUR PENYAJIAN TARI NGAJAT LESUNGPADA GAWAI BATU DAYAK IBAN KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG Veronica Mega Violeta, Imma Fretisari, Ismunandar Program Studi Pendidikan Seni Pertunjukan FKIP Untan PontianakEmail:[email protected] Abstract This research is depended on the unique and the special of Ngajat Lesung folk dance that made the reseacher interested to done the research about The Structure to Present Tari Ngajat Folk Dance in Gawai Batu of Dayak Iban Peoples in Seluas rural of Seluas District and Bengkayang Regency. The purpose of this research is to describe the structure to present Ngajat Lesung folk dance.Method that used in this research is descriptive method with qualitative research type. The research approach in this research is Choreography Approach.The data results are interview, observation, and documentation. Techniques of data validation in this research are using obervation extension and triangulation sources. Techniques of data analysis in this research are data reduction, data presentation, and verification. Ngajat Lesung Dance has structures which consist of initial, middle, and end movements. Other elements contained in the structure include, Floor design, Top design, Dance Dynamics, group composition, the theme, accompaniment, make up and clothing, dance property, place of performance, The result of this research is expected to be implemented in the teaching of art and culture subject to the VIII grade of the first semester one. Keywords: Presentation Sturcture, NgajatLesungDance, Seluas Subdistrict. PENDAHULUAN merupakan warisan budaya masa lampau Tari Ngajat Lesung merupakan yang diwariskan secara turun temurun oleh kebudayaan yang tumbuh dan masyarakat Dayak Iban pada jaman dulunya berkembang di Desa Seluas.Seluas hingga saat ini.hingga saat ini Tari Ngajat merupakan sebuah kecamatan yang Lesung masih bisa disaksikan dalam acara tidak jauh dengan wilayah perbatasan Gawai Batu Dayak Iban Desa Seluas yang Indonesia-Malaysia dan terletak di dilestarikan oleh sanggar Rentak Ruai. Kabupaten Bengkayang.Dayak Iban Keberadaan Tari Ngajat Lesung yang merupakan salah satu rumpun suku berkembang di Desa Seluas ini, memiliki Dayak yang terdapat di Kalimantan peran dalam kehidupan masyarakat yaitu Barat, Sarawak Brunei dan Tawau dapat menjadi hiburan serta memberikan Sabah.Tari Ngajat Lesung ini ilmu yang positif dalam hal kesenian merupakan tarian asli dari Suku Dayak diantaranya, masyarakat dapat mengetahui Iban rumpun Semanggang Sarawak kesenian Dayak Iban yang berkembang di Malaysia yang tumbuh dan berkembang Desa Seluas Kecamatan Seluas, salah satu di Desa Seluas Kecamatan Seluas Etnik Dayak yang terdapat di Kabupaten Kabupaten Bengkayang. Bengkayang pada umumnya menepati Tari Ngajat Lesung identik dengan bagian utara Kalimantan Barat. budaya Dayak Iban.Tarian ini 1 Pada mulanya dalam suku Dayak masih banyak ditarikan didaerah-daerah Iban, Tari Ngajat Lesung hanya yang bertradisi kuat dan memiliki sistem ditarikan oleh laki-laki saja sebagai tari kepercayaan yang kuat pula.Tari hiburan serta ajang untuk menunjukan bergembira atau tari pergaulan sebagai ketangkasan seorang lelaki setiap habis sarana mengungkapkan rasa gembira atau berperang, namun seiring perkembangan untuk pergaulan antar wanita dan laki- jaman dalam tari Ngajat Lesung pada laki. saat ini telah dihadirkan penari Mendokumentasikan sebuah tarian perempuan untuk menambah keindahan tidak hanya menggunakan foto, tulisan, dan tampilan tari Ngajat Lesung. Dalam video.Namun ada juga dokumentasi tarian ini penari laki-laki harus bisa menggunakan notasi tari.Notasi Tari adalah menggigit lesung sambil menari system pencatatan gerak tari dengan menggunakan kekuatan gigi serta otot menggunakan lambang-lambang.Notasi tubuh agar menjadi seimbang ketika Laban merupakan satu diantara notasi menari sedangkan penari wanita hanya dengan standar internasional khusus untuk sebagai pendamping sambil menari di notasi gerak.Mengingat kurangnya sisi kanan dan kiri laki-laki yang pengetahuan mengenai tari tradisi yang ada menggigit lesung. di Kalimantan Barat, peneliti mencoba Menurut Soedarsono (1978:4) Tari merancang. adalah ungkapan ekspresi jiwa manusia Lesung yang digunakan dalam menari dalam bentuk atau melalui gerak-gerak ini memang berbeda dengan lesung pada ritmis yang indah. Menurut Curt Sach umumnya yang biasa digunakan untuk (dalam Soedarsono, 2001:86) tari menumbuk padi.Lesung berbentuk agak merupakan salah satu cabang seni yang panjang diperkirakan mencapai 1 m dengan mendapat perhatian besar di masyarakat. lebar 30 – 40 cm, serta memiliki motif Ibarat bahasa gerak, hal tersebut menjadi ukiran agar terlihat lebih indah. Saat ini alat ekspresi manusia dalam karya gerak tari Ngajat Lesung sudah memilki seni.Melalui tari orang dapat berbicara pola gerak yang baku terdapat tiga ragam lewat gerak tanpa harus gerak tari pada Tari Ngajat Lesung, yaitu berbicara.Dengan begitu, terjalin ragam gerak Nyilang atau Ngopai, dan komunikasi sosial melalui sebuah media gerak Rentak. Musik pengiring dalam tarian tari dimana orang dapat merasakan ini adalah musik tradisi khas Dayak Iban secara nyata dalam situasi yang nyaman memiliki alunan dengan tempo yang antar individu. sedang. Robby Hidajat (2001:15) Tari Ngajat Lesung memiliki ciri khas mengatakan bahwa Tari Tradisional tersendiri dalam bentuk penyajian baik, dari kerakyatan yakni tari yang tumbuh segi gerak, musik dan busana, dilengkapi secara turun temurun dalam lingkungan dengan unsur pendukung seperti properti masyarakat etnis, atau berkembang dan tata rias serta tempat pertunjukan, dalam rakyat (etnik), sering disebut dengan mengangkat permasalahan Folkdance. Menurut Soedarsono mengenai Struktur Penyajian Tari Ngajat (1978:6) tari memiliki tiga fungsi yakni: Lesung, merupakan faktor yang mendasari tari berfungsi sebagai upacara adat, tari pemikiran dan ketertarikan penulis untuk dapat berfungsi sebagai sarana untuk meneliti dari awal hingga akhir tentang mengungkapkan kegembiraan atau Struktur Penyajian Tari Ngajat Lesung di pergaulan, dan yang terakhir berfungsi Desa Seluas Kecamatan Seluas Kabupaten sebagai tontonan. Tari yang berfungsi Bengkayang. Mengingat kurangnya sebagai sarana dalam upacara adat pengetahuan mengenai tari tradisi yang ada digunakan dalam suatu agama atau di Kalimantan Barat, peneliti mencoba kepercayaan dan upacara adat, tarian ini merancang Tari Ngajat Lesung menjadi 2 sebuah materi ajar yang dikemas Kecamatan Seluas Kabupaten Bengkayang berdasarkan kebutuhan kurikulum 2013, Kalimantan Barat. Di mana Kabupaten agar dapat diimplementasikan pada Bengkayang terletak dibagian utara pembelajaran Seni Budaya di sekolah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat yang terbagi dengan tujuan agar siswa memahami dalam 17 kecamatan, 117 desa dan 2 tradisi yang ada di daerah Kabupaten kelurahan, serta berbatasan langsung Bengkayang. dengan wilayah Sarawak-Malaysia. Sumber data yang penulis dapatkan METODE PENELITIAN dari Tari Ngajat Lesung di Desa Seluas Metode yang digunakan dalam Kecamatan Seluas Kabupaten Bengkayang penelitian ini adalah metode ini adalah dari tokoh dan pelaku seni yang deskriptif.Menurut Ratna (2010:336) ada di Desa Seluas Kecamatan Seluas, metode deskriptif adalah metode yang sehingga data yang didapatkan lebih akurat tidak hanya menggambarkan subjek atau dalam melakukan observasi ini.Adapun objek, penelitian yang berdasarkan sumber informan yang menjadi narasumber fakta-fakta yang ada atau sebagaimana dalam penelitian ini adalah, Simon, Utandi, adanya. Akan tetapi metode ini bisa dan Karsono. Dalam hal ini untuk langsung menganalisis subjek atau objek memperkuat data penelitian, peneliti juga penelitian, yang dilakukan dengan cara mengamati sebuah video tari Ngajat Lesung mengurai sekaligus menganalisis, untuk mempermudah peneliti melakukan diharapkan objek dapat memberikan wawancara dengan narasumber terkait makna secara maksimal. dengan gerak tari, iringan musik, tata rias Berdasarkan pendapat diatas, dapat dan busana, properti tari dan tempat disimpulkan bahwa metode deskriptif pertunjukan yang digunakan untuk adalah suatu metode atau cara untuk membuat penelitian menjadi akurat. memecahkan masalah dengan Dalam penelitian ini penulis menganalisis permasalahan atau dengan menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan cara mengumpulkan data. Bentuk data, yaitu observasi langsung, wawancara penelitian yang digunakan dalam dan alat pengumpulan data. Observasi penelitian ini adalah kualitatif.Menurut adalah proses teknik pengambilan data yang Sugiyono (2017:207) dalam penelitian kompleks, suatu proses yang tersusun dari kualitatif instrumentnya adalah orang berbagai proses biologis dan psikologis atau human instrument, yaitu peneliti itu melalui pengamatan dan ingatan, Sutrisno sendiri.Dalam penelitian ini penulis (dalam Sugiyono, 2017:145). menggunakan pendekatan koreografi. Menurut Ratna (2010:222) wawancara Menurut Sumandiyo (2017:35), adalah cara memperoleh data data dengan pendekatan koreografi adalah sebuah berhadapan langsung, bercakap-cakap, baik pemahaman melihat atau mengamati antara individu dengan individu maupun sebuah tarian yang dapat dilakukan individu dengan kelompok. Wawancara dengan menganalisis konsep-konsep dilakukan penulis bersama narasumber “isi”, “bentuk”, dan “tekniknya”. Ketika utama, pelaku seni yang terlibat langsung konsep koreografi diatas sesungguhnya maupun yang tidak langsung pada tari merupakan satu kesatuan bentuk tari, Ngajat Lesung di Desa Seluas. namun dapat dipahami secara terpisah. Pada saat melakukan wawancara Sebuah pemahaman konsep “isi” tidak peneliti menghubungi
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