The Preacher©s Wife

You may think it quite an easy task, And just a pleasant life, But really it takes lots of grace To be a preacher©s wife.

She©s supposed to be a paragon, Without a fault in view, A saint when in the parsonage, As well as in the pew.

Her home must be a small hotel, For folks that chance to roam, And yet have peace and harmony The perfect preacher©s home.

Though hearing people©s burdens, Their griefs both night and day, She©s supposed to spread but sunshine To those along the way.

She must lend a listening ear, To every tale of woe, And then forget about it, Lest it to others go.

Her children must be models rare, Of quietness and poise, But still stay on the level, With other girls and boys.

You may think it quite an easy task, And just a pleasant life, But really it takes lots of grace, To be a preacher©s wife! Western Ontario District Reporter

THE MINISTRY Official Journal of the Ministerial Association of Seventh-day Adventists

VOLUME XXXIV SEPTEMBER, 1961 No. 9 IN THIS ISSUE Editor EDITORIAL ROY ALLAN ANDERSON "Bring the Books" Paul ...... _.. R. A. Anderson 4 Associate Editor ARTICLES ANDREW C. FEARING How Much Education Should a Minister Have? .._._..______. N. F. Pease 6 Pitfalls of the Ministry ...... _._.__...__ B. B. Beach 9 Managing Editor A First Step in the Christian Approach to HARRY W. LOWE Islam ...... ______....__ G. A. Keough 12 The Psychology of Decision in Public and Assistant Editors Personal Evangelism ...... ______C. A. Reeves 14 E. EARL CLEVELAND Why Enoch? __._.__.______...... ___._.._._ E. E. White 17 WALTER SCHUBERT Agape The Great Christian Virtue _____ .. A. P. Salom 20 Stewardship and Character ______R. A. Anderson 24 More About the Teachings of the Copy Editor "Radio Church of God" ______G. Burnside 28 J. INA WHITE Building Up Church Attendance ______H. F. Smith 39

Consulting Editors REGULAR FEATURES Some Books I Can Recommend ______G. Burnside 19 REUBEN R. FIGUHR, WALTER R. BEACH, Research .______W. E, Read 31 EDWARD HEPPENSTALL, LOUISE C. Evangelism ______H. J. Westphal 34 KLEUSER, W. B. OCHS, H. L. RUDY Bible Instructor ______L. C. Kleuser 36 Shepherdess ______-______.._._.__.____ L. C. Kleuser 40 Art Editor Books for Your Library ______._ 42 T. K. MARTIN News __.._._.______44 Pulpit Pointers for Preachers ___._._____.______48 Circulation Manager POETRY WALTER SCHUBERT The Preacher©s Wife ______.._.______.____ 2 E. EARL CLEVELAND, Assistant "Dear Child, I Understand" ______38

Contributors Overseas Our Cover GEORGE BURNSIDE Australia ERWIN BERNER Central Europe Today we do not sing as frequently as of yore the words J. R. SPANGLER Far East of the following stanza from a Christian missionary hymn: H. J. WESTPHAL Inter-America "The whole wide world is pleading: WAYNE E. OLSON Middle East Ye men of God arise! ODD JORDAL Northern Europe His providence is leading ENOCH OLIVEIRA South America To many a glad surprise. S. G. MAXWELL Southern Africa Lo! ev©ry sky is bright©ning, Southern Asia Rich promise clothes the soil; J. F. ASHLOCK Wide fields for harvest whit©ning, G. CUPERTINO Southern Europe Invite the reaper©s toil." M. Anderson, arr. Over large areas of the world it is no longer true that men are calling for Christian teaching. Only in the sense that hu Editorial Office: 5840 Eastern Avenue, NW. man need, recognized or not, cries out for the message of Washington, D.C, salvation, can we sing such sentiments today. Printed and published monthly for the Min This, however, is no reason why Christians should not more isterial Association of Seventh-day Adventists deeply than ever bear on their hearts the burdens of a judg by the Review and Herald Publishing Associa ment-bound world. History continues because there are still tion, Washington, B.C., U.S.A. $4.00 a many souls to be saved. The church must agonize in prayer year; 40c a copy. Add 25c for yearly subscrip for the restlessly sinful world, that many may come to Christ. tions to countries requiring extra postage. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. Cover Picture: Religious News Service SEPTEMBER,1961 EDITORIAL

"Bring the Books" Paul

EW things are as important ing. Matthew Henry is perhaps the most Fto a minister as his library, spiritual of commentators. (He wrote his for books are his tools. Just commentary while pastoring the Foundry as a carpenter needs different Church in London after the death of Wes kinds of tools, so a minister ley.) Clarke is one of the most accurate; needs books on many subjects. Thomas Scott is excellent historically; It is not the number of books Lange is one of the most theological (typi one has but the type and cal of German scholarship); Ellicott and quality of books that make a worth-while Gray and Adams are very helpful; while library. One of the great pastors of our the Pulpit Commentary is one of the most generation was G. Campbell Morgan. He popular. And The Seventh-day Adventist was an indefatigable student. From eight Bible Commentary is unsurpassed in its to twelve o©clock every morning he refused treatment of the Bible writers and their to be disturbed. If anybody rang on the times, shedding the light of modern schol telephone or called, Mrs. Morgan knew arship on many areas little known until how to handle the situation. She knew recent times. The exhaustive references to how vital it was to guard her husband©s the Spirit of Prophecy are invaluable to study hours. His brilliant mind as well as Adventist preachers. his background of teaching in a Jewish As a general rule it is wise to stay close school in his early days gave him a facility to the older theological works because of with the Hebrew language that became a the tendency of those of more recent date great blessing to him in later years. Ac toward modernism. The Interpreter©s tually, he had received little academic Bible, for example, is very scholarly, but training, but he was the acknowledged mas of little use to us because of its bias toward ter of his subject. The fact that he was liberal theology. Even The Commentary granted an honorary Doctor©s degree must on the Old and New Testaments, by never be taken as evidence that he was Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown needs to be not deserving of such high honor. Few men studied with care for the same reason. of his generation could measure with him A minister always enriches his knowl in real scholarship in the areas in which edge, and therefore his contribution, by he majored. He lived with great books and the help of good Bible dictionaries. Our was an outstanding theologian, but he own publication, Seventh-day Adventist lived mostly with the Word. The eminence Bible Dictionary, edited by Dr. S. H. Horn, to which he rose reveals the importance of is a classic, and very exhaustive. The Ox the right kind of reading and study. ford Dictionary of the Christian Church,, There are some musts in an Adventist by F. L. Cross, 1958, is also a masterpiece minister©s basic library. The Works of of historical information, and represents John Wesley will prove particularly help the finest scholarship of Oxford. Old ful. One is always helped by good com stand-bys like Smith©s Comprehensive Dic mentaries, several of which are outstand tionary of the Bible are also very helpful. THE MINISTRY In the field of technical language study have translated certain passages, yet he there is probably nothing better than must never appear pedantic. No scholar Robertson©s Word Studies. The tendency can afford to give the impression of being of some to overemphasize etymology be smart. People will soon detect whether he comes somewhat wearisome to a congrega knows his subject. Charles Jefferson, pastor tion. of Broadway Tabernacle, New York, half There are many books on sermon con a century ago, used to say, "A preacher struction, most of which are good. G. should know ten thousand times more Campbell Morgan©s Westminster Pulpit, about his subject than he ever says." Two a ten-volume set, provides a practical of Jefferson©s books, The Minister as source for expository sermons. C. H. Spur- Prophet and The Minister as Shepherd, geon is best known as an evangelist and while small are outstanding, as is also The preacher, but his writings are excellent. Art of Preaching by Charles Reynolds His Treasury of David, a seven-volume Brown. Some books on pastoral counseling commentary on the Psalms, is a mine of are necessary to give helpful guidance to homiletic material. His great passion for the pastor-evangelist. Bonnell©s Psychology the lost is revealed in all his writings. His for Pastor and People (1952) has probably books breathe the spirit of evangelism. not been surpassed. Among modern conservative theologians Nothing in a minister©s work is more im is Dr. Carl Henry, editor of Christianity portant than his leading of worship. Some Today. His recent three-volume set, The works covering the philosophy, technique, Biblical Expositor, is excellent. He is a and scope of worship are essential. W. R. Calvinist, but an outstanding scholar. Also McNutt©s Worship in the Churches and among the Calvinistic scholars is Dr. Wil- The Fine Art of Public Worship by A. W. bur Smith. As a student of current litera Blackwood will prove quite challenging to ture he is unexcelled. His books are al many. Some of the older works, like Chris ways a mine of inspiration. tian Worship, by N. Micklem, 1936, are Biographies of great men and women also worth-while inclusions. contain a wealth of illustration as well as A worship leader should also have a inspiration. A preacher should always read broad knowledge of hymns. Bailey©s The much in the classics, especially in the lan Gospel in Hymns (modernist leanings not guage he uses. One should not only speak withstanding) is an excellent and accurate the language fluently but also accurately. source, as is also Lyric Religion, by H. Au The great poets xvill enrich the powers of gustine Smith. expression. An authoritative and up-to- Much more could and should be said on date dictionary is also a must, and with it the subject of books, for one©s library is an a good book of synonyms. Laird©s Promp- indispensable part of his ministry. Dr. L. E. tory, published by Henry Holt and Com Froom©s The Prophetic Faith of Our Fa pany, New York, 1948, excels in its sim thers, in four volumes, is a must, but we plicity and usefulness. have noticed that few seem to have studied In recent years many excellent transla these volumes so as to be able to really use tions of the Scriptures have appeared, such this unequaled fund of source material. as Moffatt, Goodspeed, Phillips, the R.S.V., The book he is working on now in the area the Berkeley Bible, et cetera. The latest, of conditional immortality will also be a The New English Bible (1961), in many wonderfully important contribution, not ways is unequaled; but it reveals an in only to Adventist theology but to the teresting latitude when one reads in the Christian world in general. Gospels the word "Sunday" instead of the A minister must live with historians, for "first day of the week." To counterbalance history provides perspective to make our this, Acts 20:7 reads: "On the Saturday messages vital. Historians like Gibbon, Wy- night," et cetera. Translations are good, lie, Green, Motley, and Macaulay enrich but if too many are used during a sermon, one©s background, while more modern writ it can become tiresome if not actually con ers like H. G. Wells and Winston Churchill fusing. give the picture from our own generation. A preacher should also be well versed Reading Wylie©s History of the Reforma in the history of Biblical manuscripts. tion is an education in itself. The language That, however, is a field in itself. While of such writers is always a challenge. Dr. one should know how and why scholars Grattan Guiness© Romanism and Reforma- SEPTEMBER,1961 tion From the Standpoint of Prophecy, a for decades, but there are many more au Hodder and Stoughton publication has been thoritative books I would like to possess. out of print for many decades, but nothing Not what one has in his library but what gives a clearer view of the rise of futurism. one has in his head and in his heart is In closing, let me stress the importance what counts. Abraham Lincoln changed of the books of the Spirit of Prophecy. Some the outlook of a whole generation with no of the more recent compilations like Se more books than could be counted on his lected Messages and The Adventist Home fingers. But what he read and how he read are invaluable. The most comprehensive made him what he was. "How readest and inspirational unfolding of sacred his thou?" asked Jesus. The admonition to tory, of course, is the Conflict of the Ages "give attention to reading" is as up to date Series. Saturate your mind with these. today as when Paul wrote to Timothy nine Having said so much, one realizes that teen centuries ago. Preaching out of the he has but touched the subject with his overflow makes preaching powerful. finger tips. I have been building a library R. ALLAN ANDERSON How Much Education Should a Minister Have? NORVAL F. PEASE Professor of Applied Theology, Andrews University

TBHROUGHOUT Christian situation as teacher, they have to pass an examina JLh. history God has called men tion before competent persons. It is an important of varying backgrounds to the work to deal with young minds and instruct them correctly in the sciences. But of how much greater Christian ministry. He used importance is the work of the ministry! Testi fishermen like Peter and phi monies, vol. 2, p. 341. (Italics supplied.) losophers like Paul. He used an obscure shoe clerk, Dwight Some who have all their lives been led by feeling have thought that an education or a thorough L. Moody, and he also used a knowledge of the Scriptures was of no consequence university-trained scholar, Martin Luther. if they only had the Spirit. But God never sends However, when God calls a young man to His Spirit to sanction ignorance. Those who have devote his life to the ministry, He expects not knowledge, and who are so situated that it is him to secure some measure of formal prep impossible for them to obtain it, the Lord may, aration. The question is, How much edu and docs, pity and bless, and sometimes condescends cation should a young aspirant to the min to make His strength perfect in their weakness. istry seek to attain? Ibid., p. 342. (Italics supplied.) The answer is largely determined by cir In order to determine how much train cumstances. An adequate training for suc ing a young minister should have, one cessful ministry in a primitive area would should look about at the level of education be different from adequate training for in contemporary society. In the United similar work in a highly cultural university States today an elementary teacher is ex center. Adequate training in the 1860©s pected to be a college graduate, and pref when few people finished high school, is erence is given to a person with one year different from adequate training in the of graduate work. Of course, exceptions are 1960©s when many people finish college. made, but only because of the current We may agree that, as a rule, a minister©s teacher shortage. A secondary teacher is education should be comparable to the generally expected to have the equivalent education of other professional people in of a Master©s degree. Nearly half of the his community. Ellen G. White stresses this country©s college teachers have a Doctor©s principle in the following statements. degree, and most of the others are some Those who engage in the business of school where between a Master©s and Doctor©s teaching prepare for the work. They qualify them level in their educational attainments. selves by attending school and interesting their minds in study. They are not allowed to teach An attorney is expected to have approx children and youth in the sciences unless they are imately three years of professional training capable of instructing them. Upon applying for a beyond college, a dentist four years, and THE MINISTRY a physician four years plus an internship. 2. It was also warning against "the pur More than 60 per cent of the young Prot suit of knowledge merely for its own sake." estant ministers have the Bachelor of Di Page 405. It is as true now, as then, that vinity degree when they enter the minis a prospective minister should study those try. This degree represents three years of things that will enhance his ministry, and training beyond college. not spend years in impractical, unneces In view of the statement quoted above, sary study. would it not seem that Seventh-day Advent- 3. Battle Creek College, at the time, was ist ministers in the United States, and in offering a curriculum that emphasized clas other countries with comparable educa sical languages and literature, while Bible tional standards, should have at least one study and practical training were mini to three years of specialized professional mized. An extended period of such study training beyond college? Of course, this was not giving the ministers the training training must be accompanied by the needed. divine guidance of the Holy Spirit, but we 4. The messenger of the Lord was writ must always remember that "God never ing at a time when the rank and file of the sends His spirit to sanction ignorance." population were fortunate if they finished The Seventh-day Adventist minister, of grammar school. The prolonged classical all ministers, needs thorough training be curriculum of the college was neither pre cause of the unique nature of his work paring the ministers to minister to the com and because of the problems he must meet. mon people of the day nor to interpret Again in Testimonies, volume 2, page the Adventist truth to those few who had 556, Ellen G. White referred to this fact. reached greater educational attainments. She said: 5. It was also an emphasis that the truth Ministers who are spreading unpopular truth of "God is not dependent upon men of for these last days, who have to meet men of learn perfect education." Dedication, devotion, ing, men of strong minds, and opposers of every and unselfishness were primary. Yet we type, should know what they are about. They cannot construe this statement to mean should not take upon themselves the responsibility that we should be opposed to thorough of teaching the truth unless they are qualified for education for the ministry. Such an inter the work. Before engaging in, or devoting them selves to, the work they should become Bible pretation would be out of harmony with students. // they have not an education so that the clearest counsel elsewhere. they can speak in public with acceptance, and do 6. On page 413 of Counsels to Parents justice to the truth, and honor the Lord whom they and Teachers we read: profess to serve, they should wait till they are fitted I would not in any case counsel restriction of the for the position. (Italics supplied.) education to which God has set no limit. Our ed If educational fitness for the ministry ucation does not end with the advantages that was important in the early days of our this world can give. Through all eternity the movement, surely corresponding fitness is chosen of God will be learners. But I would advise restriction in following those methods of education appropriate today. "The times demand an which imperil the soul and defeat the purpose for intelligent, educated ministry, not nov which time and money are spent. Education is a ices." Ibid., vol. 5, p. 528. grand lifework; but to obtain true education it is But let us consider the counsel given to necessary to possess that wisdom which comes from the teachers at Battle Creek College in God alone. The Lord God should be represented 1895, regarding "A Speedy Preparation," in every phase of education; but it is a mistake to devote years to the study of one line of book as preserved in Counsels to Parents and knowledge. After a period of time has been de Teachers, pages 404-420. Does not this voted to study, let no one advise students to enter counsel recommend a brief period of train immediately upon another extended line of study, ing for the ministry? A careful reading of but rather advise them to enter upon the work for these pages reveals the following points: which they have been preparing. Let them be en 1. This was a protest against the plan couraged to put into use the education already for assisting "a few" through a compara obtained. tively long course of study while "many 7. It is interesting to note the way in young men and women just as worthy can which this counsel was applied at the time. not be assisted at all." Page 404. In a day In the General Conference Bulletin of Oc of very limited resources, it was wise for tober, 1895, just seven months after the these resourses to be wisely distributed. counsel was written, Battle Creek College SEPTEMBER,1961 publicized a two-year "School for Christian portunities. They deserve our honor and Workers/© enrolling sixty young men and respect. But in a generation when we build women "of mature years." This article better buildings, drive more dependable stated, "This course is one in which young cars, ride airplanes, and preach over tele people of mature age ought to be especially vision networks we must adjust our educa interested." It was altogether fitting that tional standards to meet our age. Just as in 1895, the educational standard for ma a good father wants his sons to have greater ture students preparing for Christian work opportunities than he may have had, so should have been a special two-year curric an older minister with the welfare of the ulum. This two-year curriculum was cause at heart will rejoice that his younger probably as adequate for the needs of 1895 brethren may be supplied with tools that as a Bachelor of Divinity curriculum is in he was denied. 1961. The Seventh-day Adventist Theological In view of the entire counsel of the Spirit Seminary, now a part of Andrews Univer of Prophecy advocating a thorough, ade sity, has been established to provide pro quate, practical training for the ministry, fessional training for the Adventist minis and in view of the present needs of the try. Present standards require one year of church, the following position seems tena training at the Seminary for applicants for ble: ministerial internships. And we are happy 1. An undergraduate major in theology, to note the increasing number of students however well taught, is no longer adequate preparing for the Bachelor of Divinity de preparation for most assignments in the gree, which requires a three-year curricu gospel ministry. lum. 2. The frontiers of human knowledge In time consumed, these curricula are have been pushed back so far in recent comparable to the requirements for teacher years that the undergraduate college is preparation on various levels. Surely we hard put to teach all the liberal arts would all agree that our ministers should needed for an understanding of the world be as well trained as our teachers. in which we live and work. The Seminary student spends his time 3. This means that the Seminary must studying in five fields: Old Testament, New bear the larger part of professional minis Testament, Theology, Church History, and terial training. For this reason the Semi Applied Theology. All of these courses are nary is placing growing stress on evange focused on the objective of preparing ef lism, pastoral work, preaching, and other fective evangelists and pastors. Time is practical subjects. In addition, the Semi not wasted on nonessentials. nary endeavors to acquaint the student Each Sabbath more than sixty of our with his Bible. This is the foundation of Seminary young men visit surrounding ministerial education. churches, participating in pastoral activi 4. For these reasons we believe that al ties. More than forty of our students are most every young minister should have at engaged in directed evangelistic activity least one year at the Seminary and prefer under expert supervision and instruction ably two or three. These years spent in by experienced evangelists. studying God©s Word and the methods of We are happy to see that acceptances to proclaiming the message will pay great div the Seminary for the fall term are far idends in the evangelistic and pastoral pro ahead of last year. And our doors are still gram of the church. open for consecrated young men with ade None of these statements should be in quate backgrounds. Those interested should terpreted as depreciating the excellent write without delay to Dr. W. G. C. Mur work of God-fearing ministers who have doch (dean of the Seminary), Andrews had only limited formal educational op University, Berrien Springs, Michigan.

GOODNESS

C There may be a certain pleasure in vice, but there is a higher in purity and virtue. The most commanding of all delights is the delight of goodness. The beauty of holiness is but one beauty, but it is the highest. It is the loss of the sense of sin and shame that destroys both men and states. Independent. THE MINISTRY Pitfalls of the Ministry B. B. BEACH Educational Secretary, Northern European Division

M

KINDNESS-

C. Write your name in kindness, love, and mercy on the hearts of thousands you come in contact with year by year, and you will never be forgotten. Your name and your good deeds will shine as the stars of heaven. Chalmers. 10 THE MINISTRY ration between us and the rest of the the provincial pastor. The English poet world are erected. Rudyard Kipling asked this meaningful Instead of being the salt and light of the rhetorical question, "What should they earth, some ministers bury themselves in know of England, who only England the salt cellar, or they hide themselves un know?" What minister really understands der a bushel. They are intimidated by the the needs and problems of his local min large numbers of those not of their faith. istry without seeing these tasks in the set Christ©s parables clearly show us that nar ting of a world movement? row-mindedness based on the quantitative God certainly does not desire His cho way of counting is wrong in the spiritual sen representatives on earth to live in iso sphere, for did He not give us to under lation. Ministerial work cannot be success stand that the yeast outrates the meal, the ful xvhen hampered by pin-point parochial salt is stronger in flavor than the soup, notions. and even a small source of light eliminates The ministry of today needs to migrate darkness? from the narrow valley of human igno Science has multiplied the minister©s pos rance and shortsightedness to go and stand, sible contacts with others by inventions as did Elijah, "upon the mount before the that have almost eliminated distance. Hap Lord" (1 Kings 19:11). This mountain- penings of the morning on one side of the top experience will remove from the min globe, in the afternoon inevitably influ isterial eyes the blinkers of provincialism ence and shape the thinking on the other and grant God©s servants the hindsight, in side. Only by keeping abreast with events, sight, and foresight of an enlarged heav trends, and thinking can the minister avoid enly vision. the pitfall of provincialism. On the very practical side, significant movements Fossilization around the circle of the globe will provide Fossilization is a lurking chasm into the alert preacher with numerous illustra which the minister may fall. Fossils are of tions and living sermon material. great interest to the geologist or the pale An odd story concerning a "canned" ontologist, but they have no value for he cuckoo is told in northern Germany. A roic Christian living. It is a law of life forester found a tiny can in which a cuckoo that either we grow or decay. In the min was imprisoned. Apparently the can was the istry there is no such thing as the status nest of a pair of smaller birds, and the quo. Continued growth is an imperative, cuckoo mother had deposited her egg in even if it involves a few growing pains. this nest. After the eggs had hatched, the Paul invites us to grow up into Christ "in cuckoo was reared with the other baby all things" (Eph. 4:15). No minister has birds. When flying time came, the cuckoo been so long in God©s work that he does was too large to leave by the small open not need to grow spiritually and intellec ing in the can. The foster parents con tually. One of the sorriest spectacles to be tinued to feed the cuckoo which became hold is the minister who stops growing very fat and gradually filled the entire can. and dies when still young, though, of Like the cuckoo, some ministers live sur course, he is buried much later. rounded by a thick protective shell of pro As plants and trees have growing edges, vincialism. Their world is very small. They so the minister has a surface where his never fly because they are not able to growth takes place. The vitality of his break the bonds that restrict them. They growing edge is proportionate to his aware may be interested in building up their ness of reality. own local church, but they show relatively Nothing keeps a pastor growing more little interest in raising funds for a mis than personal and public evangelism. A sion program of worldwide dimension. Ad- preacher can wither up and die from lack ventist preachers are not called to be min of soul-winning efforts. You can die inch isters for a small, local work, but to be by inch and fade away like a withered leaf witnesses for a great movement with a because of the want of vigorous evange world-inclusive program and a task lim listic and missionary work. ited only by the ends of the earth. Mental growth is a must for the Advent- An interesting Icelandic proverb says, ist minister. His mind is his chief instru "The altogether home-grown person is a ment of work. Is not progress in knowledge dull person." The same could be said of as important and essential to the preacher SEPTEMBER,1961 11 as to the physician, teacher, or lawyer? If It takes exhaustive study to master the the minister does not improve himself, he religious library contained in the Bible. inevitably becomes a has-been, headed for We also need to study great literature. the junk heap. Unacquaintance with such writings is al Lifelong intellectual application belongs most intellectual suicide. Every minister to the avocation of ministerial work. It is needs books to stimulate mental growth. quite doubtful that God calls many men He must have an alert mind and a capacity to the ministry who do not enjoy studying. to study, else he will be as though he were Exertion is as necessary for the mind as it encased in a tomb. is for the body. Continued fellowship with The apostle Paul was a mighty student. master minds will keep the minister from While imprisoned in Rome he could have becoming trite in thought and word. stagnated, fully convinced that he was al Are we starving our mind and thus keep ready worthy of the prize. On the contrary, ing it from growing? Do we fear the clash he wrote to the Philippians: "I count not of ideas? Are we petty, superficial preach myself to have apprehended: ... I press ers? Do we stand in the pulpit and, as one toward the mark for the prize of the high of the great Adventist thinkers recently calling of God in Christ Jesus" (Phil. 3: said, "simply mouth the obvious?" A man 13, 14). Again, during his last imprison may seem to be spiritual, but without study ment, waiting for the executioner©s ax, he ing he will become as dry as the sand of still wanted to grow through study. Some the Sahara. (Continued on page 35)

A First Step in the Christian Approach to Islam G. ARTHUR KEOUGH Educational and Public Relations Secretary, Middle East Division

I©I N A RECENT lecture on of Christianity and remain true to his re "Christianity and the Re ligion. But he may very well take issue with surgence of Religions," Dr. the way Christianity has been interpreted, J. Bouman, of the faculty of and "withdraw" from implication in an the Near East School of The organization that has proved a stumbling ology, Beirut, Lebanon, made block because of weakness or arrogance or the suggestion that in seeking faulty doctrine. an approach to Islam perhaps Dr. Bouman pointed out in his lecture Christians ought to consider first "with that while the Christian may consider drawing from Christianity." "withdrawing from Christianity," he can The suggestion strikes one as being he not forget the historicity of Christ and the retical at first; how can the Christian con full meaning of the Incarnation and the sider withdrawing from Christianity? But cross. There are truths from which the on second thought, perhaps the suggestion Christian finds it impossible to withdraw. is not so radical, especially when one con They are the center and core of his teach siders that the word "Christianity" can ing, the very reason for his existence. have several different meanings. There is no doubt that when the Chris Christianity may mean the original tian approaches the Moslem he is balked teaching of Jesus Christ and His apostles. by the Moslem conception of Christianity. But it can also mean the teaching of people The Moslem knows only what he sees, what called Christians, who have represented he hears, and what he reads in history. This many different ideas, some of them con is often highly colored by his education flicting, in an institution or institutions and environment. For him official Chris called Christian, which have had varying tianity uses arms, oppresses minorities, experiences down through the centuries. makes racial distinctions, shows intolerance It is obvious that the Christian cannot deny to fellow religionists, proves helpless before the fundamental teachings of the Founder political, economic, and social problems. It 12 THE MINISTRY has high ideals, but none of them are prac The advantage of thus "withdrawing tical. He usually sums up his position by from Christianity" is that it disarms at saying to the Christian: "You have noth least one phase of opposition. If the Mos ing to teach me. You Christians are not lem wants to be fair, he must first listen to agreed on such fundamental matters as the what is being presented and judge it on its inspiration of the Bible and the nature of merits. The Christian may leave secondary Christ. Christianity as I see it is little more issues aside and come to grips with the than a form of Western culture that is basic problems confronting man, that a mu foreign to me. I shall stick to Islam because tual solution may be found. So often fruit Christianity, as a religion, has not proved ful dialog has come to grief because the its superiority." Christian has been accused of believing Is "withdrawing from Christianity" a things he does not believe, because of the means of meeting a situation like this? It is traditional mold in which certain truths true that as Christians we are not trying have been presented. Terminology has of to justify anything that is unjustifiable. We tentimes a traditional connotation that hold no brief for anything simply because must be set aside before the ideas behind it has been done in the name of Christian the terms can be reached. ity. If a thing is wrong, it is wrong regard The advantages of withdrawal from tra less of who does it. We must dissociate our ditional forms of Christianity in order to selves from our so-called Christian back arrive at mutual understanding are obvi ground and our "Christian" community if ous. But then a number of questions arise: they are false to the name Christian, to the How far can a Christian legitimately with ideals for which Christianity really stands. draw from responsibility in the actions and We can associate ourselves only with truth. beliefs of a church without undermining In approaching the Moslem we ask him the essential unity of the church? Can a to set aside his preconceived notions of person be critical without being disloyal? Christianity, if he will; to forget, if possible, Must not a member of a Christian church anything that he has seen or heard with accept part of the blame for the church©s the name Christian. For we want to be action so long as he is part of it? Did not heard, unencumbered by the prejudices Daniel associate himself with the sins of raised by traditional forms and ceremonies. his people even though he himself lived an Basically, we want to approach the Moslem exemplary life? Is the doctrine "Do as I as one human being to another, both seek say, but do not follow my example" strictly ing right solutions. We may never be able valid? Is not Christianity a religion that re to see eye to eye, but we would like the veals its power in lives that have been privilege of a personal encounter, the op transformed, and is not the strongest argu portunity of presenting our witness. We ment in its favor the life of a sanctified believe that there is something in Christi Christian? anity that is worth considering, which tra It is easy to withdraw from those with dition and time have covered up. We whom one disagrees. It is comparatively would like to set aside all hindrances and easy to be individualistic and theoretical. get down to the root of the matter of true But is this consistent with true Christian religion. ity? This is what we do when we ask a per Withdrawal also means judging. How far son not to judge the church by what an am I as a Christian justified in condemn individual member may do, or even by the ing my fellow Christian for his inability to action of a large group. Christianity is see the truth as I see it? Can I safely assume founded on principles that have been re that I alone am a depository of truth? How vealed. It is not liable to modification by often people have been alienated by a individual or community action. Further spirit of arrogant self-confidence! Truth is more, Christianity is not an organization of surely not limited to the thinking of one perfect men; it is a constant call to return person. to truth and righteousness. "Come out of One thing is certain: Any withdrawal her, my people," says the Scripture, "that from a communal stand carries with it the ye be not partakers of her sins." Christians responsibility to be right. To withdraw and may have betrayed their trust many times, only form another sect is not to help the but the truth of Christianity is not com Christian witness. If we withdraw, it is only promised thereby. (Continued on page 23} SEPTEMBER, 1961 13 The Psychology of Decision in Public and Personal Evangelism CLIFFORD A. REEVES Associate Professor of Religion, Southern Missionary College

(0 EVANGELIZE is the God. Unfortunately, this is a weak point T:supreme mission of the in the ministry of many workers. For it is church. It is the primary busi not easy to press home to the hearts of men ness of every disciple. It is also the need and urgency of their immediate the most important work in response to God and His last-day message. the universe, because it is the As we well know, there is the small group only business the gains of of comparatively few people who decide which will survive the wreck for truth just as fast as you can show them of this world and continue to pay dividends the way. But I believe the reason we are in the world that is to come. The Advent not getting larger results is that too often Movement is going to end soon with a our evangelism is confined to or stops at great unparalleled outburst of Spirit- this class who are on the verge of the king anointed evangelistic activity in the loud dom just waiting for someone to invite cry. them in. Beyond them is a great multitude It is good to raise the question at the be of souls who would make good Adventist ginning of this study, What is evangelism? Christians, but they have problems; they The word evangelize means to announce are slow to decide. Did Ellen G. White glad tidings, to bring good news, to con have this larger group in mind when she front people with the evangel in order that wrote the following words? they may share in the fullness of life that Many are convinced that we have the truth, and it bestows. Evangelism begins with the con yet they are held as with iron bands; they dare viction of the sinner and does not termi not risk the consequences of taking their position nate until the believer has been conformed on the side of truth. Many are in the valley of to the image of Jesus Christ and taught decision, where special, close, and pointed appeals "to observe all things" that He com are necessary to move them to lay down the weapons manded. Therefore, evangelism embraces of their warfare and take their position on the the promotion of all aspects of the Chris Lord©s side.2 tian life. It is not founded upon a collec In these final crisis hours of human his tion of proof texts, but upon the total tory the best thing we can do for any man meaning of the Christian faith itself. The is to bring him to a right decision; to lead meaning of evangelism cannot be stated him to act on what he knows to be right more pointedly than by the author of the after we have taught him the truth. It is a Fourth Gospel: "These are written that matter of heaven or hell, life or death, for you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, every soul as to how he receives God©s last the Son of God, and that believing you call; his destiny depends upon the decision may have life in his name." 1 he makes. Some of us will have to put Any serious attempt to define evange forth far more effort on behalf of this lism indicates at once the central impor larger segment of soul-winning potential tance of this vital task. The Advent cause ityJ than we have been doinar.O succeeds or fails on the issue of evangelism. Therefore it is utterly imperative that we What Is Decision? give more and more consideration to that First, let us seek to define decision in its which lies at the heart of all true evange relationship to evangelism, for the prob lism, namely, securing decisions for Christ lem of decision lies at the very heart of the and His truth. It is abidingly true that the soul-winning task. We might say that de number and lasting quality of the decisions cision refers to a decisive act of the will. we secure for the Lord are the real evidence A decision resolves a crisis by a radical of our calling and success in the work of determination that literally "cuts" the ac- 14 THE MINISTRY tive agent off from other alternatives in suasion, that the will shall be moved to favor of but one. A person, therefore, who act upon these points of truth. It is not decides, makes a definite stand. Thus de enough that the sermon shall convince cision, in the religious sense of the word, is the mind and stir the emotions; it must, a definite and conscious act by which God©s above all, move the will. revealed truth and His gracious provisions The will is the governing power in the nature of are personally received and appropriated. man, bringing all the other faculties under its Because evangelism is so vitally concerned sway. The will is not the taste or the inclination, with decision every true worker whose but it is the deciding power.8 heart is burdened to save men will anx Put your will on the side of Christ. Will to serve Him, and in acting upon His word you will receive iously inquire, "What can I do to bring strength.8 more people to a lasting decision for You cannot control your impulses, your emotions, Christ?" as you may desire, but you can control the will.10 The Power of the Will Your will is the spring of all your actions.31 The human mind is made up of three Look at the closing appeal of the Bible, parts intellect, feeling (emotion), and the final invitation of the gospel. It is not will. Each of these divisions plays its part to the intellect or to the emotional faculty, when a man or woman surrenders to but to the will. This is deeply significant. Christ. George B. Cutten says: The will is the finally decisive factor in re The place of the emotions in religion has been lation to God. "Whosoever will, let him variously estimated. There is no doubt about their take the water of life freely." ™ importance. As sources of religion they are probably However, no matter to what degree a primal, and for furnishing material for religion they take a prominent place. The intellect and the emo preacher or worker educates the intelli tions furnish the material with which the will gence or stirs the emotions, unless he gets operates.3 to the will he has failed of his true objec tive. We have all known people who go Dr. Edward Scribner Ames, however, out from our meetings intellectually con warns against too great an emphasis on vinced in favor of the truth, and yet the the emotions: will has not been prevailed upon to accept Great emotion is not evidence of the presence of it. Similarly, we have known people who great ideas. . . . On the contrary, intense feeling arises most easily and gains most demonstrative leave our meetings where their emotions expression where the higher intellectual processes, have been deeply stirred by a passionate such as abstraction . . . , are absent or in abeyance.4 presentation of the claims of Christ, yet the will has not been moved to action, and As showing the primacy of the will, Christ and His truth have not been re James H. Snowden remarks that ceived. The will is the final factor. It is the the will is the power of the soul to control itself battle center. In the majority of cases the in its thoughts and feelings, decisions and actions.6 intellect is already on the side of truth, and It is the will that is the most important the heart or emotions are drawn by the element in decision. Roland Q. Leavell, a appeal of the Saviour©s love, but the will leading Southern Baptist educationalist fights against making a decision for Christ. and soul winner, tells us that our strongest The battle is on the will. effort "should be aimed at the lost man©s will."" In a more recent book he further Christ©s Method states: This centrality of the will, in all real The ultimate psychological basis of conversion is decisions, is graphically illustrated in the neither in the intellect nor in the emotion, nor in soul-winning methods of the Master Evan the two combined. The ultimate basis of conversion gelist. Having a thorough knowledge of is the will.7 human nature (John 2:24, 25), He con Yet how many of our sermons and Bible ducted His work so as to appeal to the studies are one-sided in that they are con whole of man (intellect, emotion, and fined almost wholly to evidences and will). Watch Him at work as He "preached proofs, exposition and instruction, which the most important discourse inspiration are all essentially intellectual. One of the has given us, to only one listener." " He weakest points in our evangelistic preach built up points of truth (intellect) and ing is this failure so to present our evi He stirred the emotions of the woman of dences and proofs, in the setting of per- Samaria by Jacob©s well that day. But no- SEPTEMBER, 1961 15 tice how He clinched that interest as He True and lasting decisions come only guided her will toward a decision for eter under the operation of the Spirit upon the nal life. Then think of blind Bartimaeus. human heart. This is an absolute requisite. The faint cry of faith on his part was not It is the enabling power by which alone missed by Jesus. See Him tactfully stimu we can win men for God. late the weak response of Bartimaeus as The presence of the Spirit with God©s workers will He led him to exercise his will, thus mak give the presentation of the truth a power that not ing him an ardent disciple. Zacchaeus had all the honor or glory of the world could give.18 a number of wrongs to put right. Jesus goes Inspiration reveals that the ministry of to his home for a Bible study. Christ trig the Holy Spirit: gers his will, and very soon the little tax 1. Opens the minds of men to truth gatherer is carrying out his newborn de (Evangelism., p. 169). cision. Yes, even in all the agony and an 2. Helps in rightly presenting the truth guish of Calvary darkness this Mighty (ibid., p. 663). Lover of men©s souls heard the cry that 3. Guides into all truth (John 16:13). came from the hardened heart of a dying 4. Makes truth impressive (Evangelism, thief and won his decision to become a p. 124). candidate for the kingdom. 5. Gives power to the appeals (ibid., p. 285). Qualifications of a Soul Winner 6. Convinces of sin (John 16:8). The worker who is successfully used of 7. Shows the soul its need of Christ God in obtaining decisions will be one who (Evangelism, p. 283). has pondered deeply the value of a soul, 8. Gives victory over sin (Romans 8:2). what it cost, what a sacrifice was made to 9. Leads to acceptance of the message redeem it, its capabilities, and its eternal and baptism (Acts 2:37, 38). destiny for glory or despair. We have an outstanding Bible example To obtain decisions a worker must know of a Spirit-filled soul winner in Barnabas. three things: "For he was a good man, and full of the 1. He must know Christ and the anoint Holy Ghost and of faith: and much people ing power of His Holy Spirit. "The call is was added unto the Lord." 19 Notice the for men who will go forth imbued with operation here of cause and effect. This the Spirit of Christ, and work for souls." " can be true of each of us as we work under 2. He must know the Bible and how to the Spirit©s direction and power to be present its saving truths, "because that come more effective and fruitful workers. Word is to make the decisions with the people." 1S "Bring the people to a decision; Power of Prayer in Winning Men keep the voice of the Bible ever before If there is one thing that is going to bring them." 1S a change in the lives of our listeners and 3. He must know men and how to work move them to decision, it is the power of according to the laws of man©s mind. "In prayer. Let the people know that you be order to lead souls to Jesus there must be lieve in prayer and that you are persuaded a knowledge of human nature and a study that prayer can do anything that God can of the human mind." " do. Five minutes spent on our knees with the interested one, especially if we can get Work of the Holy Spirit in him to unite with us in prayer, will often Securing Decisions times achieve what hours of reasoning and We can by persuasion and manipula studying will not accomplish. Often a burn tion get people to join a church, but only ing prayer will make a man willing to give the Holy Spirit can baptize them into the up the dearest friend in order to stand for body of Christ. The Holy Spirit works Christ. It is the fervent prayer that helps through individuals, but He must have pos break a man from his evil habits. Betimes session of the individual. The Word of it takes agonizing prayer to make a man God is the Sword of the Spirit; but the willing to give up a good-paying job for handle of that sword is in the hand of the the truth. There must be spiritual travail individual worker, and the Holy Spirit can in prayer if souls are to be brought to birth wield that sword only as He is able to con in Christ. Paul knew this travail when he trol the hand of the worker who holds the labored for the Galatian converts.20 sword. Some years ago there was a Bible instruc- 16 THE MINISTRY tor in our ranks who demonstrated in her found in having the person kneel with us work that prayer brings victory in deci and tell the Lord what he intends to do. sion. She would take six or eight names of This posture of the body has much more the more advanced interested ones on her to do with the element of submission to visiting list, people whom she felt ought God on the part of the will than we may- to be making decisive steps toward the mes think. As a rule the bended knee is the end sage. Three times a day as she knelt in of all argument. Thus bowed before the prayer she would place this group before Lord, a person will usually tell what is the the Lord. She would often pray with tears honest intention of his heart. As dear old and earnest pleading that each would ac Elder Haskell used to say, "There is a way cept the point of truth then being pre to connect a man with heaven in spite of sented by the evangelist. After prayer she himself and that way is through prayer." would go out to visit these people in their Let us follow his counsel. homes, and she got an unusual number of favorable decisions. She wrestled with God REFERENCES -John 20:31 (R.S.V.). and prayed hundreds through to a full ac 2 Testimonies for the Church, voL 1, p. 646. 3 George B. Cutten, The Psychological Phenomena of ceptance of the message. Christianity, p. 370. Let ministers and evangelists have more seasons 4 Edward S. Ames, The Psychology of Christian Experi ence, pp. 165, 166. of earnest prayer with those who are convicted by 3 James H. Snawden, The Psychology of Religion, p. 47. the truth.3 e Roland Q. Leavell, The Romance of Evangelism, p. 69. " Leavell, Evangelism, Christ's Imperative Commission, p. Accompanied by the power of persuasion, the 183. power of prayer, the power of the love of God, this 8 Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 513. 8 The Desire a) Ages, p. 203. work will not, cannot, be without fruit.22 10 Testimonies, vol. 5, p. 514. "•Ibid., p. 515. With all the preaching and counseling, "Revelation 22:17. 13 Review and Herald, March 23, 1886. the instruction and studying, let us not ^ Evangelism, p. 435. 15 Ibid., p. 300. forget that the one thing that will help M Ibid., p. 296. our people the most is our prayers. And as 17 Testimonies, vol. 4, p. 67. ls Ibid., vol. 8, p. 22. we pray with the people let us mention »Acts 11:24. 20 Galatians 4:19. their names in prayer. It melts the heart. 21 Gospel Workers, p. 65. The secret of getting a verdict for God is 22 The Ministry of Healing, pp. 143, 144. Why Enoch? EDWARD E. WHITE Educational Secretary, Australasian Division

HE Scriptures tell us that the translation of one of the patriarchs. A ;of all earth©s millions who brief arithmetical study of the fifth chapter have been born since Crea of Genesis will reveal that at the time of tion, only two have escaped Adam©s death at the age of 930 years there the last enemy death. Many were eight other known patriarchs living have been taken in childbirth, contemporaneously in the community of living only a few seconds; God-fearing people known as the "sons of others have lived long lives God" (Gen. 6:2). Their names and ages extending, in the case of Methuselah, to are 969 years. But with the exception of Enoch Seth ______._-..______-.. 800 years and Elijah, nothing has been more certain Enos ...... _....._.... 695 ©© about life than its uncertainty, no one Cainan .__.______605 knowing how long will be his allotted span. Mahalaleel ____--______. 535 " Why, then, were these two men chosen as Jared ______470 ever-living examples of the mighty power Enoch ______308 " of God to save sinners, and to receive from Methuselah ______243 " Him the gift of eternal life without first Lamech ______56 passing through the sleep of the righteous? a list of numbers in obviously decreasing In the days of Enoch there was a very sequence, as each is the father of the one good reason, from a human standpoint, for following. SEPTEMBER, 1961 17 While, of course, they were unaware of amazement Adam was not immortal al how many more years were vouchsafed to though he had eaten of the tree of life al them, we know now that these were as fol most one thousand years before. To their lows: grief and to their despair he came to the Seth .___._.. .-_____ 112 years end of his days "and he died" (Gen. 5:5). Enos _-.__.____.______210 To a large extent the hopes of the patri Cainan .___.__._._.__ 305 archs were dashed and they were unable Mahalaleel __.______360 to distinguish between the fate of the sons Jared ______492 of God and the sons of men. To them it Enoch ._.__.______57 appeared that death befell them one and Methuselah ______726 all, without discrimination, and the godly Lamech _ _._.______721 and the ungodly perished together. To the We would expect the numbers to be ap infidels of their time, the death of Adam proximately an increasing sequence, the was but a proof of their assertion that God exceptions being those who died before was unjust and that there was no profit their fathers, as did Lamech who died five in serving Him. He had expelled them years before the Flood, and Enoch who from the Garden, and it was impossible was translated. Indeed, this list shows that to re-enter past those flaming cherubim, of the nine antediluvian patriarchs Enoch whether one offered sacrifice or not. So was the next to Adam to be taken, not only their philosophy of "Let us eat, drink, and before his father but before his grand be merry, for tomorrow we die" was father, his great-grandfather, his great- strengthened, and Seth and his descendants great-grandfather, and his great-great-great were sorely perplexed. grandfather, even five generations. While these patriarchs and their fami Nothing Tvill ever be attempted if all possible lies had known from Adam©s own lips the objections must first be overcome. story of the Garden of Eden and the en Samuel Johnson. trance of sin, of the sentence of death and the hope of the return through the gates of Paradise at the entrance where they Enoch, now not only a father but also a were accustomed to offer sacrifice (Patri grandfather, was especially concerned. He archs and Prophets, pp. 83, 84), yet while had been walking with God in an even Adam was among them they received the more intimate manner than his forefathers mistaken impression that he would lead for a period of 243 years while Adam was them back in person to enjoy again open alive, and Adam©s death had been a tre communion with the Lord. After all, had mendous shock. "Enoch had been trou not Adam been in the Garden? Was it not bled in regard to the dead" (ibid., p. 85), his birthplace? Had he not actually eaten and God saw fit to reveal to this godly man of the tree of life also in the midst of the part of the future history of the world. He Garden? Surely with the vigor thus granted saw God©s return to the earth to execute him from the fruit of that life-giving tree, judgment, to convince the ungodly of their ungodly deeds (Jude 14, 15), to separate the wheat from the tares, and to gather the The difference between failure and success is wheat into His garner. He was thus em of doing a thing nearly right and doing it exactly right. boldened to preach of the life after death, which God would give to Adam and to those also who lived a godly life (note which God had given Adam and Eve for that the word "ungodly" is mentioned four their free use, he could not succumb to times in Jude 15). death so they thought. This patriarch was emphatic in his ser Abel, it is true, had previously incurred mons that there was a Creator even though the penalty of death; possibly others of their eyes discerned Him not, and that Adam©s family also had died whom the there were additional reasons for living a Scripture does not name, but Adam him godly life, for God was "a rewarder of self had had the unique experience of par them that diligently seek him" (Heb. 11: taking of the tree of life. "They were full 6). He labored more diligently among the of the vigor imparted by the tree of life." haunts of men both Sethites and Cainites Ibid., p. 50. However, to their utter (Patriarchs and Prophets, p. 86) after his 18 THE MINISTRY season©s of solitude with his Maker, en deavoring to persuade them that all was not lost with the death of Adam. For an SOME BOOKS I CAN other fifty-seven years he continued his tes timony, pleasing God and persuading men, RECOMMEND until the day came that "he was not; for God took him" (Gen. 5:24). His friends sought for him when he did not reappear George Burnside from his favorite secluded haunt, but they were unsuccessful "because God had trans Ministerial Secretary, Australasian Division lated him" (Heb. 11:5). (These books are printed and subsidized; there They were finally persuaded that a mir fore their price is only 13/6 Australian, or $1.50 acle had happened and that God had glo U.S.) riously justified Enoch©s faith in the ulti mate resurrection by denying the enemy A Body of Divinity, Thomas Watson. Banner of of all souls the satanic satisfaction o£ seeing Truth Trust, 58-59, Highgate West Hill, London, his body crumble to dust. The very next N.6. England. Reprinted 1958, 221 pages. patriarch after Adam to terminate his In his preface of this book C. H. Spurgeon says earthly existence was Enoch whose transla that it "is one of the most precious of the peerless tion demonstrated that death to the works of the Puritans" and is a "happy union of righteous is but an interlude. To him sound doctrine, heart searching experience and was raised no monument, no stone marked practical wisdom." It is just studded with the Scriptures we love. As I read this book I marveled his last resting place, and the very manner at the writer©s amazing knowledge of God©s Word. of his passing was, is, and will be a con It truly was written by one who believed in, loved, tinual testimony to the fact that He is and knew the Scriptures of truth. faithful who has promised, and the sons of Adam who are called the sons of God The Ten Commandments, Thomas Watson. Banner will one day march into Paradise, a glori of Truth Trust, 78B, Chiltern Street, London, ous company of the redeemed. W.I. England. Reprinted 1959, 188 pages. Had Enoch not been translated, the This book not only goes through the command faith of Seth and his followers would have ments in detail, providing material for at least been well-nigh submerged under the waves several sermons on each of the eternal ten princi of doubt, but his loss, while keenly felt on ples of our God, but it also gives much under the earth, was softened by the thought of his following headings: Obedience to God©s Revealed Will, Love, Preface to the Ten Commandments, immortality, granted aforetime for our en Man©s Inability to Keep the Moral Law, All Sins couragement by the tender grace of God. Not Equally Heinous, What Sin Deserves, faith, So Enoch was the first among men to re Repentance, The Word Read and Preached, How turn to walk with God face to face thirteen Effectual, Lord©s Supper, and Prayer. years before the close of the first millen On the Sabbath commandment we find scores nium of earth©s history. of gems, such as: "This is the queen of days, which "By the translation of Enoch the Lord God crowned with a blessing." "As there was one designed to teach an important lesson. day in the week on which God rained manna twice as much as on any other day, so He rains down There was danger that men would yield the manna of heavenly blessings twice as much to discouragement, because of the fearful on the Sabbath as any other day." results of Adam©s sin. . . . Satan was urging "This commandment was engraven on stone upon men the belief that there was no re by God©s own finger, and it will be our comfort to ward for the righteous or punishment for have it engraven in our hearts." the wicked, and that it was impossible for "The Sabbath was not abrogated with the men to obey the divine statutes. . . . His ceremonial law, but is purely moral, and the ob translation was an evidence of the truth servation of it is to be continued to the end of of his prophecy concerning the hereafter, the world." with its award of joy and glory and im The Lord©s Prayer, Thomas Watson. Banner of mortal life to the obedient." Ibid., p. 88. Truth Trust, 78B, Chiltern Street, London, W.I. The second human being of Adam©s race England, Reprinted 1960, 241 pages. to be granted this unique privilege was This is the third and final volume of Thomas Elijah. But why Elijah? That, of course, Watson©s expositions of the Westminster Assembly©s is another story altogether, and of equal Catechism and is of the same high quality as the significance to God©s people today. other two. SEPTEMBER, 1961 19 Great Words of the Bible—No. 2 "Agape" The Great Christian Virtue A. P. SALOM Instructor in Bible and Biblical Languages, Australasian Missionary College

THIIE Scriptures have been must be used to translate such words. This Icoi. compared to a mine in too may lead to a wrong impression on the which are to be found hidden reader of the English Bible. Furthermore, treasures.1 But as with a mine, some English words have several meanings, these treasures do not lie and when one such word is used it some about on the surface. While times causes doubts to arise in the mind of it is true that an occasional the reader as to the correct meaning of the precious object may be picked passage. Another difficulty (and the pres from the surface, it is also true that the ent article is concerned with this) lies in most valuable stones are to be found only the fact that some concepts are expressed as the miner digs deep into the earth. So in in English by only one word, while Greek Bible study, many precious gems of truth and Hebrew might have a number of words are to be found only where the student ex to express different nuances of the same erts himself and digs deep into the Word concept. of God. These inadequacies of Bible translations Some of these gems are hidden by the suggest that the minister, if he is truly to very words of which the Bible is composed. be a "man of the Word," should engage in Many ministers today are limited to the "below the surface" study of the Word. English language in their study of the Bible, E. G. White says that in our Bible study and therefore are almost wholly dependent we have seen only the glimmering of divine on our English translations. It must al glory and of the infinitude of knowledge and wis ways be remembered that our English dom; we have, as it were, been working on the translations (good as they may be) are surface of the mine, when rich golden ore is beneath the surface, to reward the one who will translations, and thus have certain limita dig for it. The shaft must be sunk deeper and yet tions. Translations, no matter how devout deeper in the mine, and the result will be glorious and scholarly their authors, will always pos treasure.3 sess certain inadequacies. This is true even in the transference of ideas from one living The Divine Virtvte—Love language to another. The Frenchman is balked by an English idiom and is only The great virtue of the Christian life is satisfied after much explanation. This dif love. It is the theme that runs through the ficulty is greatly increased when one of the entire New Testament. Out of the richness languages is not a contemporary language of the Greek language there came no fewer (e.g., Old Testament Hebrew or New Tes than four words to express this divine vir tament Greek). In translating from the lan tue, while in English we have only the one guages of the Old and New Testaments, word to express all kinds of love. We do translators meet certain difficulties that well to ask ourselves which word is being sometimes cause the resultant translation used when we read "love" in the New Tes to be inaccurate. For instance, some Greek tament. The word form that came to be the and Hebrew words have more than one characteristic word for Christian love is meaning, and when these meanings are agape, and our study of the great Christian very close, it is easy for the translator to virtue will center in this word. First, let us choose one that may give the wrong im see how it developed. pression to the English reader and thus There is actually no certain appearance cause an incorrect interpretation of the of the noun agape in classical Greek, al passage. Some Greek and Hebrew words though the verb agapan does occasionally have no adequate single English equiva occur where it means "to greet affection lent, and thus a phrase, clause, or sentence ately." It also describes a love of money or 20 THE MINISTRY of precious stones and is used for "being fection" in the RSV 4 and astorgos trans content" with something or some situation. lated "without natural affection." 6 Storge In the Septuagint agape occurs, and al was too narrow in extent to be used for though it has not yet become a great word, Christian love. there are hints of what is to come. Here it is used two or three times of the love of Philia, Philein God for man and of man for God. It is also These are the most common words for used fourteen times in the Septuagint to love in Greek, although they are not the describe sexual love and twice as the antith common ones in the New Testament. The esis of misos ("hatred"). noun, verb, and adjective of this root ap But it is in the New Testament that pear in the New Testament some fifty agape rises to the heights and becomes one times, including combination words. There of the great words of the Bible. Indeed, is a lovely warmth about these words. Bas some have said that it was a purely Chris ically they mean "to look on someone with tian word with only Christian content. affectionate regard." They can be used for This, however, is not quite true. "Though the love of husband and wife. The verb it would be going too far to say this impor philein is perhaps best translated "to cher tant Biblical word was ©born within the ish." It includes physical love, but it in bosom of revealed religion,© it is remark cludes much else beside. There is in it the able that there are only three supposed warmth of real affection and real love. In instances of its use in ©profane© Greek, two the New Testament philein is used of the of which are now read otherwise and the love of father and mother and son and third is doubtful." s In the New Testament daughter,8 also of the love of Jesus for Laz agape is always used of the higher type of arus 7 and of Jesus for the beloved disciple.8 love Christian love. It is used to describe the love of God for mankind, and the love Agape, Agapan God expects man to have for Him and As has been pointed out, agape is for one another. Altogether it is used nearly the characteristic New Testament word 120 times throughout the New Testament for love. Its distinction from philein can while the verb form occurs more than 130 be seen in a remark from Antony©s fa times. The real significance of this word mous speech about Caesar as reported by can best be discovered by comparing it Dio Cassius, "You loved (philein) him as with the other words for love that were a father and cherished him (agapan) as a available to the New Testament writers benefactor."* Philein describes the warm but were rejected by them as unsuitable for love for a father while agapan is used as the purpose of describing the great Chris the regard for a benefactor. Philein is used tian virtue. to describe a love that springs spontane Eros, Eran ously from the heart, while agapan de These words were mainly used to de scribes rather a love of respect, of principle. scribe sexual love. They can also be used As Archbishop Trench pointed out, men to describe the passion of ambition and are continually commanded [to] agapan patriotic fervor, but characteristically they God (e.g., Matt. 22:37; Luke 10:27), but they are never commanded [to] philein were used for physical love. Eros and its Him.10 verb eran had degenerated in meaning so that by New Testament times they had be Another illustration of the difference be come so steeped in sensual passion that tween agapan and philein is seen in John©s they carried an atmosphere of unholiness. use of these words when describing Jesus© Thus they were unfitted for use by Chris relations with Lazarus and his sisters. tianity and do not appear at all in the New When speaking of Jesus© love for Lazarus Testament. a deep, warm affection for a close friend John used philein; " but when John spoke Storge, Storgein of Jesus© love for Mary and Martha he used These words have especially to do with agapan™ lest Jesus© motives be misunder family affection. They describe the love of stood. It is not true to say that the New parents for children and of children for Testament never uses anything but agape parents. Their only uses in the New Testa or agapan to express Christian love; philein ment are in the form of compound adjec is used a few times (e.g., John 5:20; 16:27; tives, philostorgos translated "brotherly af- 1 Cor. 16:22), but such cases are rare. SEPTEMBER,1961 21 Address your request to: DIRECTOR of HEALTH EDUCATION Division of Public Health and Tropical Medicine on the Loma Linda University LOCAL CHURCH LEVEL Loma Linda, California

It is easy to see why the New Testament ing of New Testament love is John 21:15- writers chose agape and agapan and aban 17. Here Jesus put His thrice-stated ques doned (to a greater or lesser degree) the tion to Peter, "Lovest thou me?" On the other words for love. All the other words first two occasions John in reporting the had acquired certain flavors that made conversation has Jesus use the verb agapan, them unsuitable. Eros had definite associa- but in answer to the question Peter uses ations with the lower side of love. Storge the verb philein, "Yea, Lord; thou know- was tied up with family affection; it never est that I love thee." Jesus was asking Peter had in it the breadth demanded by the con whether he loved Him with the highest cept of Christian love. Philia was a lovely type of love, the love of approbation, the word, but it was definitely a word that love that guides one©s life. Peter did not could only be properly used of the near answer the question, but replied, "Yes, and dear. Christianity needed a much more Lord, I love you with the warm affection inclusive word. So agape was chosen. It was of a friend." It appears from John©s report the only word capable of being filled with of the conversation (realizing that the orig the breadth and depth of meaning of inal conversation would have taken place Christian love. in Aramaic) that Peter was dodging the issue. He was not willing to confess to the The Meaning of Agape in the type of love that Jesus required. The third New Testament time Jesus asked the question He de "The great reason why Christian thought scended to Peter©s word for love (philein). fastened on agape is that agape demands "Do you really love me with the warm af the exercise of the whole man." 13 Chris fection of a friend?" To this Peter could tian love is not merely an emotion that truthfully reply that he most certainly did. rises unbidden in our hearts. It is a prin The warm, spontaneous love of the mo ciple by which we live. It has to do with ment for Jesus is not to be denied, but the will. The key passage for understanding He also asks that we have the higher type the meaning of love in the New Testament of love, the consistent love that acts as a is Matthew 5:43-48. Here we are com guiding principle in all our relations in manded to love our enemies in order that this life. we might be like God. And what is God As we study the New Testament we find like? He sends His "rain on the just and on that love is the basis of every perfect rela the unjust" (verse 45). No matter what a tionship in heaven and in earth. In His man is like, God seeks nothing but his great intercessory prayer Jesus declared that highest good. This is what agape is. "Chris love was the basis of the Father©s relation tian love, agape, is unconquerable benevo ship with the Son (John 17:26. See also lence, invincible good will." " No one ever John 3:35; 10:17; 15:9; 17:23, 24). In the naturally loves his enemies. To do this we opposite direction we find that the same have to conquer our natural inclinations love is the basis of the relationship between and emotions. Christian love is that power the Son and the Father (John 14:31). which enables us to love even the unlov God©s attitude to men is one of love (John able, to love people we do not like. 3:16; Rom. 5:8; 8:37; Eph. 2:4; 1 John A significant passage for the understand- 3:1, 16; 4:9, 10). And it is man©s duty to 22 THE MINISTRY love God (Matt. 22:37; Rom. 8:28; 1 Cor. our responsibility to our fellow men. And 2:9; 1 John 4:19). The principle by which above all, we may discover the supreme im Jesus lived, which caused Him to give His portance of Paul©s benediction "and the life for men, was His love for them (John love of God ... be with you all." 15:9; Gal. 2:20; Eph. 5:2; Rev. 1:5). The great virtue of the Christian life is the 1 ELLEX G. WHITE, Christ's Object Lessons, pp 111-114. = Ibid., p. 113. love of Christians for their fellow men ^ JAMES HOPE MOULTON and GEORGE MILLIGAX, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London: Hodder and (John 13:34; 5:12, 17; 1 Peter 1:22; Stoughton, 1930), p. 2. 1 John 3:11, 23; 4:7). «Rom. 12:10, R.S.V. 5 Rom. 1:31; 2 Tim. 3:3. R.S.V. The concept of love as presented in the «Matt. 10:37. © Tohn 11:3, 36. New Testament is that which marks Chris » ©Tohn 20:2. tianity as a divinely inspired religion and 9 Dio Cassius, 44.48. 10 R. C. TRENCH, Synonyms of the ,\ew Testament (Grand not merely another set of religious ethics. Rapids, Michigan: Wm. B. Eerdmans. 1948), p. 42. n John 11:3, 36. The twin pillars of the Christian life are 12 John 11:5. love for God and love for man. "Jesus 33 WILLIAM BARCLAY, More New Testament Words (New York: Harper and Brothers), p. 14. said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord uibid., p. 16. is Matt. 22:37. thy God with all thy heart, and with « 1 Peter 1 -.22. all thy soul, and with all thy mind." M This marks the scope of our love in the vertical plane. We are not asked to love God with A First Step in the Christian a feeling that moves us erratically, but with Approach to Islam a principle that moves us consistently. This (Continued from page 13} principle of love will guide our xvhole spiritual experience. Likewise, our love that we "be not partakers of her sins." We on the horizontal plane is to be of the withdraw from that which has turned same type. "Seeing ye have purified your aside from the straight path, to remain souls in obeying the truth through the loyally with that group which is still in it. Spirit unto unfeigned love of the brethren There is a unity in the church that is a (philadelphian}, see that ye love (agape- safeguard from radical individualism; and sate) one another with a pure heart fer no withdrawal should undermine this un vently." 19 Why does Peter exhort the saints ity. to love one another when they are already Only when we recognize the true nature loving one another? The first type of love of "withdrawal from Christianity," when that Peter speaks of (using a compound we know what it is that we withdraw word based on philia) is the love of affec from, and what it is that we withdraw into, tion and friendship. The brethren were in can we say that we have found a step to a right relationship to one another in ward meeting the Moslem. This step is their fellowship with one another. But largely negative, a removal of obstacles. Christian love requires more than this. It We take it with utmost humility, recog is a love that springs from an awakened nizing that faults and failures are every sense of value in an object that causes one where. We take it in order to take the next to prize the object loved. It includes sacri step, that of understanding the Moslem, for ficial love. Peter urges the brethren to love understanding must be mutual. Perhaps one another with a sacrificial love because the Moslem must also "withdraw" from his of the preciousness of the one loved. This traditions and occasions for stumbling. love, of course, should be directed to both And we must project ourselves into his our fellow brethren in the church and pattern of thinking. Only in this way can those without. It is a love that seeks the we take the third and important step to highest good of our fellow men, be they present Jesus as the solution to all the saints or sinners. world©s problems. "And I, if I be lifted up And so beneath the word "love," which from the earth, will draw all men unto me" we read so often in the New Testament, (John 12:32). there lies a wealth of "rich golden ore," material that may bring rewards in medi tation, in sermon, or in the classroom. In choosing a life career for yourself, make it From it we may learn more of the "breadth, a tough one, then you won't have so much com and length, and depth, and height" of the petition. love of Christ. We mav learn, too, more of SEPTEMBER,1961 R. A. Secretary, Ministerial :;

HE acid test of a man©s character is his relationship to This money. "If you know how a man deals with his monev how he gets it, spends it, keeps it, shares it, you know one of the most important things about him," says Henry Taylor. Blessing and cursing are bound up with our money and of all the many things that stand between a man and his God, this is one of the most vital, "for the love of money is the root of all evil." A minister, therefore, to be faithful to his flock must deal with this question because it is so definitely related to the spiritual nature of those under his care. In the twenty-nine recorded parables of our Lord, thir teen refer in some way to money. When He spoke of talents He was referring to a denomination of money, or as we would say, Si2,000. All too frequently the word "talent" is turned into an abstract noun and we think of a talented man as one who has many gifts or abilities. But originally a talented man was a man who possessed money or had the ability for making money. Some do have special ability in this line. But wherever a man©s sphere of service may lie he is a steward of his Master©s goods, and God holds him accountable for the use of that which He has given. The New Testament sets forth that principle clearly. It is "ac cording to that a man hath" and "as he may prosper" that our responsibility as stewards is determined. It is this that makes the principle of tithing so equitable. From the earliest days of our denominational history the tithe has been a well-recognized principle. It was first emphasized under the title of "systematic benevolence." That phrase may or may not have originated with us, because as far back as 1858 the General Assembly of the Presbyterian denomination set up a special committee for the consideration of Christian stewardship, and when the report was rendered it was under the title of Systematic Benevolence Committee. One or two of the statements sound familiar to us, such as "Every man is a steward of God in the use and management of the talents, time, and substance which God has entrusted to him." Then again emphasizing THE MINISTRY nessman, was the pioneer among modern Christian tithers and says that in 1876 this man did not know of another tither in the Christian church. While we esteem this good man for his earnestness, yet it is a matter of record that more than a decade earlier Adventists had accepted the tithing system not only as something advocated by a few sincere people but also as a principle and doctrine of the church. Actually, we were pioneers in this field of study, and what wonderful blessing the Lord has poured upon His people in fulfillment of His promise! Although many other Prot estant denominations today are emphasizing ANDERSON the tithe as a divinely appointed means of 5.ssociafion, General Conference support of the ministry, yet many of these suggest that tithe may be used for offerings in general, and for worthy causes in both the church and the community. Adventists, the importance of this trust, another state on the other hand, have from their earliest ment says it is "for God©s glory and the good days taught that the tithe is sacred; it is of the \vorld." The report also takes cog God©s money and not theirs, and is for the nizance of the spirit of covetousness so nat support of the ministry and that only. The ural to the human heart, emphasizing that Scriptures speak of tithes and offerings, if one were to "neglect or slightly perform thereby making a clear distinction. at his own pleasure" this ministry of giving, The January, 1959, issue of the Roman it would reveal that such a person could not Catholic journel Information, published be a consistent Christian. by the Paulist fathers, contains the article "What Protestants Can Teach Catholics," Just about that time, or perhaps a little by William J. Whalen. With remarkable before, the founders of our movement were candor this Catholic writer emphasizes that studying the whole question of church fi in many ways Protestants can teach Catho- nance, and some were under the strong con viction that tithing was the principle the Lord had laid down for the support of His work. Inasmuch as these had no relation ship whatsoever to the above-mentioned committee or to any of the other move ments of Protestantism, for in those days we were much misunderstood by the great ma jority, it is therefore self-evident that our founders received their convictions not from others but directly from the Word of God. Actually, Adventists were being criti cized as legalists, and on two counts mainly their Sabbathkeeping and their practice of tithing. A few voices here and there among the other churches, however, were emphasizing the importance of tithing. In more recent days, instead of being censured for this so-called Mosaic principle, Advent ists are being eulogized. We were interested to note in a recent publication, The Story of Stewardship in the United States of America, that the author, George A. E. Salstrand, Th.D., claims that Thomas Kane, a Chicago busi- SEPTEMBER, 1961 25 lies quite a lot. He suggests that Roman others will find tithing as satisfying and re Catholics would benefit from the study of warding as it was to their spiritual ances the Protestant "manner of church support, tors." Ibid. In this he certainly is correct, their use of the vernacular and congrega for in the earliest decades of Christianity, tional singing, their charitable friendliness, tithing was taught and practiced. True, the their wholesome respect for temperance in New Testament does not give specific in drinking liquor, the extent of lay participa struction as to how to pay tithe, but it defi tion in the operations of their church af nitely recognizes the principle. There was fairs, and their dedication to reading of the no need for any specific instruction on this, Word of God." Pages 5, 6. because it was a well-established practice not only among the Jews but throughout even the pagan world. Tablets dating back as far as 3800 B.C. (nearly 2,000 years before A grateful thought toward heaven is of itself a prayer.—Lessing. Abraham) contain references to tithing. Throughout ancient Egypt the principle of tithing was a recognized duty. From Pharaoh to the humblest citizen, all were Then he goes on to say that Catholic expected to give for the support of their "parishioners with the oddest notions about temples, and "it seems to have been not less church giving often are the very ones who than a tenth, and in some cases is believed criticize Catholic pastors for undignified, to have reached a sixth." HENRY LANSDELL, annoying and even illegal methods of fund The Sacred Tenth, vol. 1, p. 20. raising. They dislike Bingo, raffles and car Assyriologists, such as Professor Sayce, nivals, but consider fifty cents or a dollar a have traced the importance of the tithe in week to be an eminently general contribu the support of the temple worship of both tion toward the support of the pastor and Assyria and Babylon. Both Nabonidus and his assistants." Then he points out that Belshazzar, his son, were tithe payers, Na some of "the smaller Protestant sects put bonidus paying as much as six minas of most Catholics to shame when it comes to gold, or an amount equal to $2,500 just after supporting their churches." He mentions us his accession in 555 B.C. In fact, it can be by name, saying, "Seventh-day Adventists, said that all the kings of the Euphrates for example, contribute an average of $173 Valley Tiglath-pileser, Nebuchadnezzar, per year per member. They give another Nabonidus, Belshazzar, Cyrus paid a tenth $32 for foreign missions." He further says, and even more for the support of their re "Many sects such as the Adventists and the ligion. Mormons insist on tithing as a membership The same principle was practiced among requirement. Other denominations repre the Greeks from the earliest mythological senting 35 million Protestants are promot times as is ably attested by writers and law ing tithing as the preferred system of givers such as Hesiod and Draco. King church giving: the Methodists, Southern Agamemnon, who played such an important and American Baptists, Presbyterians, Dis part in the Trojan War, consecrated a tenth ciples of Christ, and others." Ibid., p. 7. of his goods to the temple service, and the It is interesting that three times in this custom was just as definite among the article we are mentioned by name. Who Romans. Tithing was recognized from the among us would have thought that Advent earliest Roman times, even as far back as ists would be held up as examples by Ro Romulus in 753 B.C. Many of their writers man Catholic writers! But we must not be refer to the tithes and first-fruit offerings of surprised at that, for it is the Lord©s pur the crops. pose that this message shall come into prom The tithing system, therefore, is certainly inence, for the whole world is soon to be not just a Jewish custom: it was well estab lightened with the glory of God©s final mes lished long before the Hebrews ever existed sage to mankind. or became a separate nation. Consequently, This Roman Catholic writer continues: there was no need for any special instruc "Tithing need not be considered a Protes tion to be given by the apostles or by Christ tant monopoly. The Jews and early Chris on this matter. However, our Lord sets forth tians believed tithing to be the normal and the principle with the strongest possible just method of supporting religion. Some emphasis saying, "These ought ye to have 20th century Catholics tithe and many done." And it was to the scribes and Phari- 26 THE MINISTRY sees that He was speaking, who excelled in Slow Me Down their exactitude in the paying of tithe. Moreover, this group and the Jews in gen Slow me down, Lord. Ease the pounding of my heart by the quieting of my mind. Steady my eral paid not only one tithe but two tithes hurried pace with the vision of the eternal reach of their income a year, and a third tithe of time. Give me, amid the confusion o£ my day, each third year, this latter being required the calmness of the everlasting hills. Break the for the poor. A reference in Tobit, one of tensions of my nerves and muscles with the sooth the apocryphal books written about 190-175 ing music of the singing streams that live in the B.C., tells us that it was the definite custom memory. Teach me the art of taking minute vaca of the day that these three tithes were prac tions—of slowing down to look at a flower, to ticed by the devout Jews. chat with a friend, to pat a dog, to read a few lines from a good book. Let me look upward into The same practice was observed in the the branches of a towering oak and know that time of our Lord, for Josephus says, "Be it grew great and strong because it grew slowly side those two tithes which I have already and well. Slow me down3 Lord, and inspire me to said you are to pay every year, the one for send my roots deep into the soil of life's enduring the Levites, and the other for the festivals, values. —Author Unknown you are to bring every third year a tithe to be distributed to those that want, to women outside of Paradise what he should have also that are widows, and to children that recognized inside that God is still the are orphans." Ibid., p. 64. When the Lord owner of all, that He is the one who gives spoke of tithing, saying, "These ought ye to man power to get wealth, that everything have done," He was not only approving of we own comes from His bountiful hand, the tithing principle but by His use of the and that we are only stewards of His goods. word "ought" He chose the strongest Greek As long as we recognize this, we will not word possible to emphasize its importance. take that which is the Lord©s. Speaking to It is therefore a New Testament doctrine ancient Israel, God said, "Will a man rob taught by both Christ and the apostles. God? Yet ye have robbed me." Failure to As ministers of the new covenant, it is our return to God the tithe or making wrong privilege and responsibility to teach and use of tithe is actually breaking the eighth urge the importance of tithes and offerings. commandment. And as James says, if we How can we do it most effectively? The fol break one we are guilty of all, for all sin lowing suggestion may prove helpful; at begins with covetousness. least we have found it so. It is easier to Setting these great principles before our enunciate the principles of tithing if we members helps them to grow in grace and go back to the beginning. When God understanding. Every minister, whether created Adam He placed him in a garden evangelist or pastor, administrator or edu in the midst of which was the tree of the cator, promoter of church plans and pro knowledge of good and evil.* On the side grams or leader in the field of evangelism, of good it reminded Adam that has the duty as well as the privilege of hold God was the Creator. ing up before our dear people the impor He owned all. tance of faithfulness in tithes and offerings, Man was the custodian of God©s prop for this is part of the development of Chris erty. tian character. Paul definitely had in mind Man©s life depended on faithful obedi a systematic method of support when he ence. wrote: "Let every one of you lay by him in store, as God hath prospered him." Note On the other hand, it was a tree of the that it says everyone. This includes each knowledge of evil. Failure to recognize member from the oldest to the youngest, God©s full ownership could lead to from the richest to the poorest. And nothing Covetousness will develop the character of a child more Theft than to help him to see that he too is a Breaking of fellowship with God steward of God©s goods. A pastor is wise who Expulsion from His presence, and fi helps children and youth to cooperate in nally death. this part of the church program. To each of These two great principles, life and us comes the call: "Prove me now herewith, death, were clearly set forth in Eden. Today saith the Lord." we have no such tree, but exactly the same Faithfulness in the support of God©s principles are emphasized. Man must learn work guards against the perils of avarice. It SEPTEMBER, 1961 27 also promotes thrift. It increases faith. It Saviour has made for us. Nor do we pay proves our sincerity and love. The Lord who tithes and offerings as a payment in any way gave His all for us permits even the least for what the Lord has done for us, for noth of His children to have a part with Him in ing that MTe can do can add anything to His making known His salvation. And that sal finished work of sacrifice. But our gifts and vation is by grace and grace alone. The service, our faithfulness in returning to price of our salvation has been fully met. Him what is His, are expressions of our Nothing that we can give in tithes or offer love. ings can in any way add to the great gift the (Continued on page 39] More About the Teachings of the "Radio Church of God" G. BURNSIDE Ministerial Association Secretary, Australasian Division "God has made mankind In 1866 Elders B. F. Snook and W. H. so we will desire (lust) to go Brinkerhoff, two ministers of the small and contrary to His laws! Un newly organized Iowa Conference of Sev believable, but true." (Italics enth-day Adventists, apostatized, and with his.) The Plain Truth, Jan a few members formed a group of their uary, I960, p. 19. own. They directed their work from Mar It is almost inconceivable ion, Iowa. In 1889 they centered their work that any professed Christian in Stanberry, Missouri, calling their com could utter such a blasphemous statement, pany The Church of God (Adventist). yet this is printed in Herbert W. Arm Mr. Armstrong joined this church, and strong©s magazine. I thought it must be a after a stormy experience with them, he misprint; but no, for he further states: reported that Mr. Duggar, in a dispute "Mankind was made to desire things of over leadership, led off a sizable part of no value corruptible and sinful things, the membership and called the group The by God himself! God has made mankind Church of God (Seventh-day). Mr. Arm with the inherent capacity to be upright strong joined this offshoot movement. Some but has given them a carnal mind!"—Ibid., time later, because of Mr. Armstrong©s ac p. 19. ceptance of the British Israelism theory "Today, God is letting the world prove and other subjects, he went out on his that He has not bestowed on human minds own and formed his own church, calling it the capacity of working out laws of happi the Radio Church of God. ness for themselves! He is letting them Many have thought that he is a Sev prove that happiness is beyond their reach enth-day Adventist, and have sent him as they are now constituted. It is no wonder money, accordingly. They have told me then that God is perfectly willing that the this. Others have inquired as to whether Devil deceive the world now by encourag his teachings are correct. The statements ing the people in it to be ©as gods.© . . . God by Mr. Armstrong, which are quoted pre declared the end result from the beginning. viously, answer at least some of the ques He planned it this way! After we learn the tions, for these statements are so full of folly of our ways God says ©the creature error that one hardly knows where to be shall be delivered from the bondage of gin in answering them. corruption© and be 'created in Christ Jesus First, may I say that God did not make unto good works.© " Ibid., p. 20. mankind so he would lust to go contrary to These statements illustrate the confusion His laws. If that were true, God would be that fills the minds of people when they entirely responsible for sin with its result leave God©s message, and Mr. Armstrong©s ing war, suffering, crime, and death. If statements are certainly no exception, for God had given man a desire to go contrary Mr. Armstrong is an offshoot of an offshoot to His laws, then God would be to blame. of an offshoot of the Seventh-day Adventist Mankind would be blameless; it would be Church. God who was at fault, not man. However, 28 THE MINISTRY the Scriptures show clearly that God does the preaching of the cross is to them that hold man responsible. He will judge man perish foolishness; but unto us which are accordingly. God held the antediluvians re saved it is the power of God" (1 Cor. 1:18). sponsible for their sins: likewise the people Or as in the Revised Standard Version, "are of Sodom and Gomorrah. At the last day being saved." Salvation is a present ex all people will be judged according to their perience. Thank God it is not left for the deeds. millennium. Anyone can have it by trusting Jesus Christ and thus receiving His peace "Now Is the Accepted Time" and joy right now. Thousands of God©s Evidently Mr. Armstrong knows noth people can testify to this. ing of, or certainly does not take into ac People will not come to know God and count, conversion and its resulting joy and be converted during the millennium. This peace when he says that God has not be second-chance theory originated with the stowed on human minds the capacity of enemy of souls, to encourage people to put working out laws of happiness for them off the responsibility of following Christ; selves. Thousands of God©s saints could but the Scriptures state, "Now is the ac testify that God has made us capable of cepted time; behold, now is the day of sal peace and happiness today. In John 13:17 vation" (2 Cor. 6:2). Of all deceptions of Jesus said, speaking of the commandments, the devil, and their name is legion, per "Happy are ye if. ye do them." In Proverbs haps none is more dangerous than the 29:18 we read, "He that keepeth the law, teaching offering salvation after the second happy is he," and "rejoice in the Lord" is advent of Christ. The Bible is clear on the the frequent command of Scriptures. fact that the close of the day of mercy or Mr. Armstrong seems to place conver the close of human probation will take sion and salvation over into the millen place prior to the second advent of our nium, at which time he assumes Christ Lord. There will be no conversions dur will reign upon the earth. Under the head ing the millennium. ing "Conditions During the Millennium" The resurrected saints will not teach the he states: people God©s ways, for then "they shall not "As Lord of Lords, Christ will begin to teach every man his neighbour, and every convert, and save the entire world during man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: His reign." The Plain Truth, October, for all shall know me, from the least to the 1959, p. 30. greatest" (Heb. 8:11). Mr. Armstrong©s so- "All peoples will then come to know God. called plain truth is contrary to God©s plain Their blindness and religious contusion truth. Thus it becomes plain false doc will be removed and they will finally be trine. converted. The resurrected saints will teach the people God©s ways." Ibid., p. Resurrected Body Real on OU. The saints of God will not "become "It will be a startling experience for spirit at the resurrection." They will have some to have a voice behind them sud a real body as Jesus had after His resurrec denly boom out and warn them not to tion, for at the coming of Christ He will break one of God's commandments! But, "change our vile body, that it may be the saints of God now born of the Spirit fashioned like unto his glorious body" and become spirit at the resurrection will (Phil. 3:21). Therefore at the resurrection be able to be invisible or visible at will." we will have a body just like the one Jesus Ibid., p. 30. had when He arose from the dead. "We These statements are surely filled with shall be like him" (1 John 3:2). Jesus rose in error. In fact, practically every line is a a body of flesh and bones. After His resur contradiction of the plain truth of God. rection He invited His disciples to "behold The facts are that Christ began to convert my hands and my feet, that it is I my and save people thousands of years ago, self: handle me, and see; for a spirit hath and does not reserve this work until the not flesh and bones, as ye see me have" millennium. Jesus said to Zacchaeus, "This (Luke 24:39). Jesus promised His people day is salvation come to this house, forso- that they would drink grape juice in His much as he also is a son of Abraham. For Father©s kingdom (Matt. 26:29). How the Son of man is come to seek and to save could mere spirits drink wine? Why does that which was lost" (Luke 19:9, 10). "For Mr. Armstrong invent mere human specu- SEPTEMBER,1961 29 lations that so contradict the Word of God? Third Reich, we may be reminded that Note another promise made by Jesus: "Ye this has been a tendency among many Ger may eat and drink at my table in my king man zealots and was remarkably displayed dom" (Luke 22:30). In the resurrection in the founder of German Protestantism." God©s people must be real people, for they Ibid., p. 13. And, further, he states that are going to eat and drink. The home of "Luther was very unhappy and wretched the saved will be a real place for a real during the last months of his life. Dis people. It will not be a spook country of turbed by the terrible state of morality to disembodied spirits. Jesus rose from the which his doctrine of faith alone had dead with a body of flesh and bones, and brought the inhabitants, . . . and he seri He is "the firstfruits of them that slept" ously wondered if he were not bringing (1 Cor. 15:20). Thus His resurrection is a many souls with him to eternal condemna figure, or a forerunner, of our resurrec tion." The Plain Truth, p. 13, December, tion. Notice a few more of Mr. Armstrong©s 1958. erroneous teachings. No Lost Tribes "They Shall Not Cleave" What a blessing that Christ and not Mr. "For more than twenty-five years I have Herbert Armstrong will be the final judge! been telling the radio audience that there He has resurrected the popular but ab will rise in Europe a resurrection of the surd and refuted theory of British Israel- ancient Roman Empire. It may be called ism. He refers to "the lost House of Israel." ©the United States of Europe,© " he declares. Why does Mr. Armstrong wrest and alter But God says in Daniel 2:43, referring to the words of our Lord? Jesus speaks of the nations of Europe, "They shall not "the lost sheep of the house of Israel." cleave one to another." God says there There is a vast difference between the "lost shall not be a united states of Europe. God sheep" of a house and a "lost house." No says one thing and Mr. Armstrong says an where in the Word of God does one read other. of the lost house of Israel. "The lost tribes Referring to Daniel 11:23, Armstrong of Israel" is also a favorite expression of says, "This prophecy means something that Mr. Armstrong to uphold his theory, but is going to happen in Europe, the Middle nowhere can he find such an expression in East, the Mediterranean region, yet in the the Bible. It is not there. The whole theory future somewhere around ten or fifteen is only a last-day idea that pampers to na years from now." The Plain Truth, Aug tional pride. Remember that not only is ust, 1959, p. 4. the Bible entirely silent about the ten lost This prophecy was fulfilled many years tribes of Israel but also the Word of God ago. For evidence of that see Daniel and shows clearly that at the restoration from the Revelation, by Uriah Smith, or God's captivity there were no lost tribes; they Good News, by W. L. Emmerson. I am were all definitely represented, and many afraid that when Mr. Armstrong talks of Israel as well as many from Judah re about what is going to happen on this turned. In Ezra 2:70 we read, "and all earth ten to fifteen years in the future, he Israel in their cities." Note that it was Is is teaching "my lord delayeth his coming." rael, not merely Judah, that was returning. How does Mr. Armstrong know what is Mr. Armstrong would have us believe that going to happen in ten or fifteen years? only Judah returned from captivity; that He gives no evidence at all for the majority the Israelites did not return and therefore of his statements, and this is but a sample. were lost. However, Ezra 6:17 mentions "a Even a casual reading will show that the sin offering for all Israel, twelve he goats, ac majority of Mr. Armstrong©s statements are cording to the number of the tribes of made without any attempt whatsoever to Israel." Note again that Israel is the one prove them. emphasized, not Judah. This was in direct He is also very critical of the godly of fulfillment of the prophecy of Jeremiah that days gone by. He refers to "the uninspired states, in chapter 50, verse 4, "In those days, William Miller," and then proceeds to con and in that time, saith the Lord, the chil demn Martin Luther©s teaching along with dren of Israel shall come, they and the chil the atrocities against the Jews by the Nazis. dren of Judah together." Thus it was proph He says, "Thus, when we read of the atroci esied that both the house of Israel and of ties committed against the Jews by Hitler©s Judah would return. They were coming to- SO THE MINISTRY gether. In Ezra 8:35 we find all the tribes of deemed in the seventh chapter of Revela Israel represented where we read of "twelve tion. Would that mean that no Britishers bullocks for all Israel." will be listed among the saved? As a Brit Mr. Armstrong would have us believe isher I am most thankful that Mr. Arm that the so-called lost tribes of Israel be strong©s theory is not correct. came inhabitants of the British Isles and "The Jews are a different nation alto the United States. The British, he main gether from Israel. It is wrong to call the tains, are of the tribe of Ephraim and the Jews of today ©Israel.© They are not ©Is people of the United States, modern Ma- rael,© " writes Mr. Armstrong, but the nasseh. This teaching, he says, "is the key Scriptures use the words Jew and Israel that unlocks the doors to all prophecy." interchangeably. For instance, in Acts 22:3 The facts are that it is a key that unlocks Paul says, "I am verily a man which am a nothing but a foolish error that has been Jew," and in Romans 11:1 Paul writes, refuted a thousand times, but is still re "For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of peated; and some people accept it. The Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin." lost tribes are not mentioned in the Bible; A careful reading of the book of Ezra they are a figment of Mr. Armstrong©s imag shows that some people are called Jews ination. It is interesting to note that eight times and Israelites 40 times. The Ephraim is not mentioned among the re (Continued, on page 53)

RESEARCH-Theology, History, Science

The Serpent of Genesis 3:1 W. E. READ Editor, The Israelite Magazine

I HROUGH the centuries, Some, however, might further contend, 1 the question has been and with some reason, that the serpent is a raised as to whether it was a symbol of two opposite concepts; that, in serpent that deceived Eve, or one case, it represents the wicked (Ps. 58: whether it was Satan who 4; 140:3) and, in the other, one who can spoke through and used the save from sin and its consequences. In this serpent as the medium of ap case they could refer to Numbers 21:8, 9 proach. where the Lord instructed Moses to make Some maintain that as the serpent was a fiery serpent and set it upon a pole, so perhaps the most intellectual of animals, that everyone who had been bitten in the and as it had the power of speech and camp might look upon it and live. Jesus could stand erect, it was the serpent as such Himself made reference to this illustration that was responsible for the fall of our when He declared, "As Moses lifted up the first parents. serpent in the wilderness, even so must the One Jewish writer maintains that Son of man be lifted up" (John 3:14). according to Rabbinic legend, the serpent in its In the light of these considerations it original state had the power of speech, and its must be admitted that there is little or no intellectual powers exceeded those of all other direct evidence, in the Old Testament to animals, and it was envy of man that made it plot give guidance on the matter, and little, if his downfall. J. H. HERTZ, Pentateuch and Haf- any, indirect evidence either. torahs, on Genesis 3. The New Testament, on the other Others, on the other hand, admit that the hand, does give clear evidence that it was serpent played a part, that he was the Satan who caused the fall of Adam and tool of Satan, the accuser, the archdeceiver. Eve. We might note the following passages SEPTEMBER, 1961 31 head, and thou shalt bruise his heel." At this point it might be well to get a clear picture of what this verse really means. Observe the pronouns that are used. Concerning the serpent, we have "thee" and "thy." Concerning the woman, we have "her." Concerning the seed of the woman, we have "it" and "his." The "thy," "thee," and "her" in relation to the serpent WE REPRESENT EIGHT OF and the woman appear quite consistent, THE WORLD©S LARGEST but when it comes to the seed, this is MANUFACTURERS OF ALTAR spoken of in one instance as "it" and in the APPOINTMENTS AND other as "his." For the sake of clarity we COMMUNION WARE should recognize the "it" as "he" and thus bring it into harmony with the later refer National • Sudbury ence to "his." Actually, this is the way the International Silver passage is rendered in the Septuagint and Gorham Silver in the Leeser, Young, and Rotherham Rostand Brass translations. Revell-Ware The "thee" in the expression "I will put enmity between thee and the woman" re Kensington fers to the serpent, and the "woman" re St. Louis Silversmiths fers to the church. The "seed" of the woman would reach its more complete ful fillment in the Messiah. The ancient Jew ish Targums on this verse recognize this, for we read: There shall be a remedy for the heel in the days of the King Meshila (Messiah). J. W. ETHERIDGE, Jerusalem and Palestine Targums, Vol. I,, p. 336. Observe also other expressions in the text. "Thou shalt bruise his heel." This was accomplished at the cross. "It shall bruise thy head." It (he) the Messiah, shall bruise thy (the serpent©s or Satan©s) head. This was fulfilled in part of Scripture: "The serpent beguiled Eve at the cross, but its complete fulfillment through his subtilty" (2 Cor. 11:3); "Satan will be in the close of the millennial pe himself is transformed into an angel of riod (Revelation 20). light" (verse 14); "That old serpent, called Let us now see what the ancient Jew the Devil, and Satan" (Rev. 12:9); "Ye ish writings taught concerning the mean are of your father the devil. . . . For he is a ing of the "serpent." liar, and the father of it" (John 8:44). From the Zohar we quote: We are still faced with the problem of proving this to our Jewish friends, for their R. Isaac said: "This is the evil tempter." R. Judah said that it means literally the serpent. Bible is what we have learned to call the They consulted R. Simeon, and he said to them: Old Testament. They do not accept the Both are correct. It was Samael, and he appeared New Testament. We can, however, appeal on a serpent, for the ideal form of the serpent is to their ancient writings, and to the writ the Satan. Zohar (Soncino Press, 1931), Vol. I:35b. ings of others, in an endeavor to show that From Rabbi Eleazer, we note: actually it was Satan who used the serpent for his nefarious purpose. Sammael [Satan] was the great prince in heaven ... he ... saw all the creatures which the Holy First of all, however, let us look at Gen One, Blessed be He, had created . . . and he esis 3:15 where the curse is pronounced found among them none so skilled to do evil as upon the serpent. "I will put enmity be the serpent ... he mounted and rode upon it. ... tween thee and the woman, and between All the deeds which it [the serpent] did, and all thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thv the words which it spake, it did not speak except THE MINISTRY by the intention of Sammael. PIRKE DE RABBI "I am jealous over you with godly jealousy. ELEAZER, Ch. XIII, The Serpent in Paradise, pp. . . . But I fear, lest by any means, as the 92, 93. serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, Dr. Kalisch comments: so your minds should be corrupted from Almost throughout the East the serpent was used the simplicity that is in Christ" (2 Cor. as an emblem of the evil principle, of the spirit of 11:2, 3). disobedience and contumacy . . . and in the Shall we not say with Paul: "We don©t Egyptian symbolical alphabet the serpent represents want Satan to win any victory here, and subtlety and cunning, lust and sensual pleasure. well we know his methods!" (2 Cor. 2:11; M. M. KALISCH, Commentary on the Old Testa from The New Testament in Modern Eng ment, p. 117, col. 1. lish, by J. B. Phillips. Copyright 1958, by From the Jewish Encyclopaedia: J. B. Phillips. Used by permission of the Satan was the seducer ... of Eve, and was Macmillan Company). hurled from heaven together with other angels be cause of his iniquity. The "Radio Church of God" From the apocryphal writings: The devil . . . entered and seduced Eve. Book (Continued from page 31} of the Secrets of Enoch, 31:4-6, R. H. Charles, book of Nehemiah calls them Jews 11 Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, Vol. II, pp. 450, 451. times and Israelites 21 times, while in the By the envy of the devil death entered into the New Testament the same people are called world. Wisdom of Solomon, 2:24 (ibid., p. 538). Jews 174 times and Israelites 74 times. It is From The Soncino Chumash: interesting to note that the gospel was to According to S (Sforno) the serpent is a symbol go to the Jews first and then to the Gen of the tempter (Satan). A. COHEN, The Soncino tiles (Rom. 1:16). Now if the Israelites Chumash, on Gen. 3:1, p. 12. are not Jews, as taught by Mr. Armstrong, From the non-Jewish writers: and they certainly are not Gentiles, just In the account of the creation it [the serpent] is where do they come in for the gospel? also described as "the serpent of night," "the They must be excluded entirely, for the serpent of darkness," "the wicked serpent," and gospel is only for the Jews and the Gentiles "the mighty strong serpent." ... It is not difficult there are no others. to compare the serpent of Genesis with this serpent How true are the words of Scripture; of Babylonian mythology. ... In the British men are still "speaking perverse things, to Museum ... a tree is represented with a human draw away disciples after them." However, figure seated on either side of it, with the hands the everlasting gospel is outlined in Revela stretched out towards the fruit, and a serpent stand ing erect behind one of them. GEORGE SMITH, tion 14 as going to every nation, tongue, The Chaldean Account of Genesis (London, 1880), and people. Hold fast to Christ and His pp. 88, 89. wonderful message that is so clear, for This identification of the Serpent and Satan is when people start heeding an offshoot the ever-recurring feature of Judaism and Chris doctrine, there is no saying how far they tianity alike. "Satan," Hastings© Dictionary of the and all the deceived followers will slide Bible, p. 409. into deceptions and even "damnable here Ellen G. White has clear and definite sies." May the God of truth keep us true, word on this: and warm our hearts with His love, that Satan assumes the form of a serpent, and enters we may spread the truth as it is in Jesus. Eden. The serpent was a beautiful creature, with (This study will be made available in mimeographed form wings; and while flying through the air, his appear to ministers on request, along with the two previous studies ance was bright, resembling burnished gold. He on this subject by R. L. Odom.) did not go upon the ground, but went from place to place through the air, and ate fruit like man. Satan entered into the serpent.—The Spirit of NOW... 3 SIZES Prophecy, vol. 1, p. 35. (Italics supplied.) Unbreakable . . . noise-free . . . In the light of these evidences there can lightweight , . . boilproof com be no doubt that the serpent in Genesis munion glasses ... SI-25 Doz. 3 refers to Satan, the great accuser of the sample of each size church of God. He manifested his subtlety Order fr< BRASS EOBDS CO. then; he does the same today. We need to your dealer be on our guard continually. Let us heed Dept. G. 70 Pearl Street Brookline 46, Mass. the warning of the apostle to the Gentiles: SEPTEMBER, 1961 EVANGELISM - Winning Men for God

The By-products of Evangelism HENRY J. WESTPHAL Ministerial Association Secretary, Inter-American Division

HE part we like best about the evangelis It is always our aim that after a series of Ttic crusade here is that now our church evangelistic meetings the tithes shall in is humming with activity and enthusiasm, crease sufficiently to put on one new while before, it was just going along half worker. This is a very tangible result of asleep and lifeless." This statement, made evangelism, understood even by those who just after one hundred new members had draw their conclusions from mathematical been added to the church, made us stop and reasoning. The church members, seeing the consider some of the by-products of public financial results, feel the responsibility of evangelism. paying tithe more faithfully themselves. In Many observers calculate the effective a recent campaign one unexpected amount ness of an evangelistic campaign only on of tithe given by a woman not a church the basis of dividing the total cost of the member more than paid for the total ex series by the number of converts baptized. pense of the evangelistic crusade. In other The result is often a figure that seems to campaigns we have seen the tithes in the prove public evangelism an expensive church doubled after the meetings. method of soul winning. But as we count A well-organized evangelistic crusade the cost let us consider some valuable by stirs up all the activities in the church. products. The Sabbath school, the MV Society, the The church members themselves are welfare society, all try to put on the kind more firmly established in the faith by of program that will appeal to the visitors hearing the doctrines presented once more. who are beginning to attend. There are always some who did not re Since most other denominations do not ceive adequate instruction before baptism. carry on evangelism as we do, a successful Others have grown up in the church, and series of meetings gives our people a feel as mature adults, realize their need of un ing of pride in their church, of satisfaction derstanding the Bible truths more fully with their pastor or evangelist, as they re than they were able to comprehend as chil alize that an impressive impact has been dren or young people. Others have simply made on their city. The concept of the forgotten much they once knew, and they Adventist Church has taken on new pro are glad for a refresher course. portions for them as Adventism has gained A church member, who had to walk five prestige. miles to reach his home after the evening Probably the greatest by-product of all is meetings because the buses were no longer the blessing that the church members re running at that hour, told us, "I enjoy ceive as they cooperate with the evangelist that long walk home, even when it is rain in working for others and bringing them ing, because it gives me time to think to meetings. In San Salvador we had one through the doctrines I have just heard. If church member who, during a series of the subject is deep for me, I go to the lec thirty-six lectures in each of the two halls, ture in both halls to hear it presented brought 395 visitors to the meetings. This twice, then I have two evenings in which good brother received a tremendous bless to meditate and better digest all I heard ing and showed a marked change of atti as I walk home." tude. Those who invite friends to the meet- THE MINISTRY ings, or bring them, immediately feel a So let us not only count the effectiveness responsibility to set the right example be of evangelism mathematically. Let us real fore those friends, to show them special ize that its blessings are manifold and its kindnesses, and to encourage them in every results far reaching. way. A good evangelist is always training some young ministers in the best methods, in Pitfalls of the Ministry order that they may branch out later on (Continued from page 12) their own and be more effective soul win sneer at what they call "book knowledge"; ners. These young workers learn some in but Paul loved his books. No doubt one tangible facts and many practical ideas that of his last requests here in this life was they could not possibly absorb in their, made to Timothy: "When thou comest, theoretical studies in college or in the Sem bring with thee . . . the books, but espe inary. They learn through practice and cially the parchments" (2 Tim. 4:13). Paul through observation. It is a real satisfac never counted himself as having attained, tion to the evangelist to see those young but continued to press toward greater workers become outstanding ministers in growth. He was not a fossil but a lumi their own right in the next few years. We nous example of ministerial growth. felt the truth of this in a certain country where the six workers who were assigned There never was such a time as this, to assist in the evangelistic crusade became with its tremendous opportunities for the outstanding soul winners in their con growth. We are living in a completely new ference the next year, baptizing among age. Advances in all fields of human en them more than the other twenty district deavor are constantly taking place before leaders together. Each one baptized more our eyes. A great deal has been said in than the most experienced of the other recent months about frontiersmanship and workers. They had truly been awakened to the New Frontier. Scientists have claimed new zeal and new methods. that they are the only adventurers of mod Need we mention the tremendous bless ern times, the real explorers, the real in ing that comes to the minister-evangelist tellectuals of the day. Though the scien himself as he presents once more the great tists may be the leaders of mankind©s great truths of our salvation, endeavoring to give est inquiry into the mysteries of matter them to his audience from a fresh and orig and space, should not the ministry repre inal outlook? He benefits from the deep sent the heart of spiritual inquiry into the study he must make, and his faith is mysteries of soul, life, and eternity? Great strengthened as he sees the results of con spiritual frontiers lie ahead. What a chal version in the lives of others. Nothing else lenge and what great potentialities! can bring such satisfaction to a minister We have considered some of the pitfalls as that he feels when he sees the trans along the road of the ministry. The most forming power of the gospel giving pur serious pitfalls for the minister really lie pose to wayward lives, lighting up counte within his soul. This is the battlefield nances that were dark with despondency or where he meets the archenemy. We may hard with indifference. His heart is moved use modern language and talk about isms when he hears such testimonies as: and psychological and subjective obstacles, "My husband is completely different but what we really mean is that each min now. He used to drink and mistreat me ister must struggle against the outworkings and neglect me, but now he is kind and of original sin within his own soul. faithful." How can the faithful shepherd-evange "After hearing the truth about the state list avoid these pitfalls and surmount these of the dead, I went home and slept peace barriers to a fruitful ministry? The inspir fully for the first time in forty years. That ing and reassuring answer comes to us in question had haunted me all that time" the spiritual autobiography of the apostle this from a prominent lawyer. Paul. In his second letter to the Corin "I was never so happy even when my thians (12:9) he points out the source of husband was alive and we had a good busi power that makes the minister a channel ness. Now I am alone and poor and crip of blessing, useful, and successful: pled, but I have peace in my heart for the "My grace is sufficient for thee: for my first time." strength is made perfect in weakness." SEPTEMBER, 1961 35 BIBLE INSTRUCTOR

Discussions on the Contemporary Religions of America No. 5 Our Friends the Lutherans LOUISE C. KLEUSER

JTHERANISM developed in sixteenth- Catholicism is not so obvious as in past cen L century Europe from Martin Luther©s in turies, owing to the uniting and unionizing tense experience with the doctrine of righteous trends of the Christian church per se. It should ness by faith, instead of by works, as practiced be noted, however, that up to the present, Lu by Roman Catholicism. Lutherans are not in theranism is not ready to surrender its doctrinal clined to be satisfied with any faith, or merely faith, despite the fact that modernism is defi the godly living of a trusting believer; they have nitely pressing into its ranks. Some prefer to a real concern for their particular faith. They express this trend by making vague the great feel that their forebears earnestly protested dogmatic protests of the Reformation, and by for that faith at the cost of life itself. The confusing the connotations of vital Christian Reformation to them is an experience in the doctrine. While the Christian should live on a doctrine of Christ! Briefly, they believe that high ethical level, Lutherans are sensitive to man©s salvation is by the grace of God, in church regulations and prohibitions, declaring Christ, through faith. Good works are the that these restrict our liberty in Christ. Lu fruitage, and not the means of faith. theranism is ritualistic. It has contributed to While today Lutherans are friendly, and far church music in the works of Johann Sebastian more tolerant and interested in other Protestant Bach, and claims a just pride in Luther©s Refor groups than a century ago, Lutheranism is not mation hymn, "A Mighty Fortress Is Our God." classified with interdenominational thinking Adventism appreciates these uplifting and in that is so popular in our times. If anything at spirational contributions. all, there is a theoretical emphasis on reviving Lutheran Doctrine and Practice the Reformation spirit. Here we might refer Lutherans emphasize "original sin" and pre specifically to the annual Reformation Day destination. Two sacraments baptism (in celebration. fant) and the Lord©s Supper or Holy Com While Lutherans place great value on ethi munion are not just memorials instituted by cal and cultural religion, Martin Luther is not Christ but definite means of saving grace by regarded by them as a saint. Biographies treat which the Christian experience is developed as him as a dynamic reformer type, and exceed a preparation to dwell in God©s presence. How ingly "earthy," homey, and human. Luther©s ever, confirmation, marriage, and the ordi name was first connected with this church as a nation of the clergy are considered as rites of nickname by the opponents of his teachings. the church, without the unique promise of di Sainthood in Lutheranism has a different con vine grace attached. Anointing the sick with notation than in Catholicism. As expressed in oil, with prayer for recovery, is a Christian the Apostles© Creed one of the basic confessions therapy, but not Biblical requirement. Belief of faith of Lutherans the "communion of in the Trinity is strong. Lutheran teachings on saints" is to be understood in the setting of heaven and hell carry a Calvinistic meaning, another Lutheran doctrine the "priesthood of but lack the Jonathan Edwards© emphasis or every believer." severity. Here modern influences allow for Today the breach between this church and "picture language" and far less certainty or 36 THE MINISTRY literality than characterizes the beliefs of Ad- ventism. Our new-earth doctrine, also our scrip Your Church Picture on Your Bulletins tural backing for the state-of-the-dead teachings, provide interesting basis for discussions with LITHOGRAPHIC BULLETINS inquiring Lutherans. Send for FREE Samples According to Lutheran theology, the king dom of God does not come by gradual improve BOX 811 M ADELPHI, MARYLAND ment of man©s nature and the betterment of society; God carries out His purpose beyond state church of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Lat our present life. Those who die in the faith of via, Estonia, Finland, and Iceland. Lutheranism Jesus Christ, live with Him eternally. Luther©s then came to America. rigid antichrist teachings have mellowed into a modern consciousness that the Papacy has un American Lutheranism dergone a drastic reform since Reformation Henry Melchior Muhlenberg from the Uni times. This must perplex Adventists who are versity of Halle, Germany, effected the first real informed on the final results of antichristian organization of American Lutherans. In 1748 practices. In America there is active conten he organized pastors and congregations on the tion for the separation of church and state. Eastern seaboard into the Ministerium of Penn Lutheranism gained vision on American soil sylvania, which became the first of many Lu and frequently boldly asserts itself against hier- theran synods. Each synod had to face its pecul archial aggression. Adventism should be ready iar language and national background prob to laud Lutheranism©s courage and foresight. lems with Lutheran authorities of the home lands. Soon the increasing immigrations neces A Family-centered Church sitated the General Synod in 1820. Breaking its Lutherans are church anchored and family European ties, this denomination was now on its centered. The church leads out in educating own. Rustic stock then pressed westward so the youth as to its authority and oversight. that in 1847 the Missouri Ohio Synod was Children learn obedience in the home where formed, and by 1854 the German Iowa Synod the example of Jesus© life is stressed in service and the Norwegian Lutheran Church were es for one another. Our Lutheran friends have led tablished. The Augustana Synod in 1860 cared out in the field of premarriage counseling. for the Swedes of the opening West. By 1870 Such counseling is far more Biblical than psy Lutheranism in America numbered about chological, however. Youthful delinquency, it 400,000. is claimed, should be forestalled by Christian It was the Civil War in 1863 that divided home influences. Let Adventism admire their northern and southern Lutherans and was re interest in Christian education and in their en sponsible for the organization of the United thusiastic youth movement, and their philan Synod of the South. Soon the Ministerium of thropic leanings, for Lutherans often lead out Pennsylvania withdrew from the General in agencies that direct vocational guidance and Synod to become the General Council. Between good citizenship. 1870 and 1910 Lutheran immigrations swelled to the figure of about 2,250,000. Since that time Spread of Lutheranism the Lutheran Church has worked incessantly to Luther had written his Longer and Shorter ward unification. (For detailed developments, Catechisms in 1529. The Augsburg Confession we suggest the Handbook of Denominations by was authored by Philip Melanchthon in 1530. Frank S. Mead, Abingdon Press, as the most By 1537 Luther, Melanchthon, and other Ger up-to-date source.) man Reformers sponsored the Schmalkald Ar The Adaptability of Lutheranism ticles of Faith. The completing doctrinal docu ment of Lutheran faith the Formula of Con Despite their organizational divisions, it is cord was drawn up in 1580. But the Reforma claimed that there is real unity among Ameri tion resulted in a Protestantism with two can Lutherans, based more upon faith than or branches Evangelical Lutheranism with Lu ganization, perhaps. That faith is built on Lu ther and Melanchthon as leaders; and the Re ther©s theology. The National Lutheran Coun formed Church led by Calvin, Zwingli, and cil today coordinates the business of welfare John Knox. Lutheranism began in Germany, service to refugees, American missions, ministry but it soon entered Lithuania, Poland, Russia, to the armed forces, public relations, and stu Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, dent service. The cooperative work of Ameri Holland, and France. In time it became the can Lutheranism in the Lutheran World AC-

SEPTEMBER, 1961 37 "Dear Child, I Understand" Reformation doctrines. Also, wholesale appeals are made to enlist selected men for ministerial "The road is too rough," I said, "dear Lord. work, and to train capable young men for ad There are stones that hurt me so." ministration at home and abroad. Lutheranism And He said, "Dear child, I understand: I walked it long ago." is also sighing for global peace, to crown Christ king in the hearts of men! Adventists can share "But there's a cool green path," I said. many of these ambitions with their Lutheran "Let me walk there for a time." friends and neighbors. "No, child," He gently answered me, "The green road does not climb." Sharing Our Faith During the last decade, and since the close "My burden," I said, "is far too great; of World War II, perhaps, the suburbs of our How can I bear it so?" American cities have been turned into large "My child," said He, "I remember its weight: I carried My cross, you know." housing communities. Other lands show similar characteristics. One change is definitely evident And so I climbed the stony path, today no one lives to himself; we must share Content at last to know the responsibility of our neighbors. Christians, That where my Master had not gone above all people, dare not live apart; the bless I would not need to go. ings of the gospel should be shared. —Selected This consciousness should materially and psy chologically change the attitude of any Chris tian group toward the churches in its commu tion has made possible a praiseworthy distribu nity. Old prejudices and superstitions are break tion of cash and Government-donated goods for ing down, for if we wish to survive the destruc the earth©s needy. Here Adventism has also tive forces of our age, we must leave our aloof found an avenue for its welfare zeal. ness and learn to love our neighbors as our selves. Each Christian group must initiate its Significant Events Today own friendly gestures and not wait for others to While at one time there were about 150 make the first move. Aside from the good Sa bodies in American Lutheranism, the number maritan services, tragic disaster may necessitate has been reduced to less than 20 through con that the Christians of a community learn to stant efforts of consolidation, unification, and live together in love and understanding. federation. Former national and language bar There is an approach that Adventism may riers are fast disappearing. Since 1947 the Lu confidently initiate in any community enlist theran World Federation, organized for global ing other Christians in our well-developed tem relief and rehabilitation and having 50 million perance and welfare work. Let our SDA youth members, now serves 32 countries. When Lu and adult missionary societies now undertake theran groups participate in interdenomina positive action to enlist, instruct, and guide for tional organizations, it may be said to their community soberness, safety, and welfare. Lead- credit that two operating principles are stressed dership in such projects will soon take us out Christ©s deity and saviourhood, and the de of our isolationism, causing our observing termination that these organizations shall be friends to interpret our distinctive doctrinal composed of officially chosen representatives of beliefs in a far more friendly light. the churches taking part. There is a definite Young couples in a growing community will congregational emphasis veering away from any respond to friendliness better than their aging hierarchical tendencies. parents, perhaps. The hour has arrived when On April 22, I960, three American Lutheran our doctrines, whatever they involve, should be bodies merged to become the American Lu inquired into by those who want to know us theran Church, and four other bodies are work better as neighbors and friends. To focus this ing toward a merger. When this is consum stimulation on our Lutheran friends under dis mated, Lutheranism in America will claim a cussion in this article is bound to produce new membership of three million. Headquarters for friendships. Making new friends is the first step 14 of the 22 boards involved will be in New toward letting our light shine for Christ. York City. But merger enthusiasm and welfare leader ship is not the only way whereby we can meas In nothing do men approach so nearly to the ure Lutheranism today. In many areas we have gods as in doing good to men.—Cicero. observed new evangelistic zeal to promote basic THE MINISTRY Building Up Church Attendance Remember, Religion in American Life is not another campaign to promote. It is a RE there seats in your church that strong arm extended to help you carry out A should be filled? Is your church some more effectively the program of evangelism times accused of being out of touch with to which you and your members have com the community? mitted yourselves. Pastors who have used You may be aware that the Religion in these facilities have increased their church American Life program is a national cam attendance 10 to 15 per cent. The Religion paign supported by American advertising, in American Life program will work for communications, and industry to "sell" the your church too. HELEN F. SMITH single idea "Go to church." On television, Bureau of Public Relations radio, and billboards; in newspapers, maga zines, and advertising pieces, the message is Stewardship and Character repeated more than a billion times each (Continued from page 28} season. But what has this to do with you and As we look back over the centuries and your problems as a pastor? Briefly, this: millenniums and see what others have done The Ministerial and Public Affairs de we could well ask, "Shall a pagan give more partments of the General Conference sup to his god than a Christian gives to the Lord port jointly the annual Religion in Ameri Jesus?" Surely a pagan©s religion cannot can Life program because it provides mean as much to him as Christianity does Adventist pastors with a proved means of to us. To ask the question is to answer it. increasing church attendance and improv Then, too, our righteousness should surely ing community relations. exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Whether your coming evangelistic pro Pharisees. They were meticulous in their gram is to be centered around public meet tithing. Should not our service and faithful ings, lay visitation, or cottage meetings, one ness exceed theirs? And could one really of your chief concerns will be to attract the call himself a Christian if he refuses to do attention of the people who you hope will the very thing that Jesus emphasized? listen to your message. "These ought ye to have done," said our Lord. When you use the printed materials pro Leading our churches to faithfulness in vided by RIAL, you are buying more than the support of God©s work will bring untold paper and printing. You are putting behind blessing upon the members individually and your own church program the accumulated upon the church as a whole. It will be a impact of advertising that has already faithful church upon which the Lord will gained wide acceptance. The skills of artists pour out His Holy Spirit in the power of and copywriters beyond the resources of the latter rain. We cannot by our faithful the church are contributed to the prepara ness in tithing buy that blessing which tion of advertising of professional appear brings all other blessings in its train, but ance and strong appeal. All this is available our faithfulness is the expression of our love through our participation in the program, to Him who owns all and has given all to with no restrictions on how the pastor may redeem us from covetousness, sin, and use it. death. In communities that sponsor a local The greatest days for the evangelistic wit RIAL campaign, Adventist pastors may ness of the church are just ahead. Let us by reap the added benefits of working with precept and practice prepare our members other pastors and community leaders on a for their part in the great advance when the project that Adventists can support whole message of God will lighten the whole earth heartedly. In times likes these, when issues with His glory. Faithfulness on the part of such as Sunday legislation divide us from each will supply the needed funds for the some of our fellow Americans, such an op advance of God©s work. And let us never portunity for cooperation is invaluable. forget that it is upon a faithful people that When your RIAL announcement reaches God will pour out His Spirit in the showers you through the mail, send for the congre of the latter rain. gational program kit and give some serious study to how the materials in it can *When presenting this publicly the use of a visual aid makes these _ points impressive. Picture a tree with positive and strengthen the work of your church. negative points on either side. SEPTEMBER, 1961 39 SHEPHERDESS - Her Vital Partnership

Candles in the Night No. 2 LOUISE C. KLEUSER

D©lURING the period of the A Mother's Prayers early Christian church, his tory records many noble ex As we keep turning the pages of early church amples of womanhood. Chris history we find the stories of many women who tianity was not popular in its in had to live their faith under the most testing circumstances. One mother named Monica fancy; the times were turbulent stands out in a special way. She was born into a and many suffered persecution Christian home but married the irritable pagan for their faith. We have a num Patricius, who later, because of her noble influ ber of examples of outstanding women who ence, was converted to Christianity. Monica bore a true witness for Christ, women whose in agonized in prayer for her son Augustine, who fluence was felt outside of their homes as well as was eventually converted from a life of sin and in their families. became one of the church©s leaders. This Faithful Unto Death Church Father attributed the drastic change that had come into his life and thinking to his I recall W. A. Spicer©s visit to our local Mis mother©s long and faithful prayer vigils and her sionary Volunteer Society. Having more re strong faith in God©s promises to mothers who cently accepted the Advent faith, my youthful dedicate their sons to His cause. heart was deeply moved as he spoke about the devoted lives of several young women in the Making Preachers days when Christianity was still young. The speaker mentioned the faith of a young woman The mother of John Chrysostum was another named Perpetua who lived in the latter part of of these noble women. Anthusa lived in An- the second century in Carthage, North Africa. tioch, Syria, the base of Paul©s three missionary Perpetua refused to listen to the pleadings of journeys. She was left a widow when she was her loved ones that she place only a pinch of about twenty years of age and when her son was incense on the altar of a heathen deity and thus an infant. Her husband had been an illustrious save her life. Why was she so deaf to their en army man and did not leave his family penni treaties? By that small act this young woman less. Anthusa realized that the luxury and vice would have denied her Christian faith. Because of the Roman city might draw her son into sin, she would not yield she was sent to prison while therefore, during his formative years she taught still in her early twenties. him to love and study the Bible. She also Since that youth gathering in our MV Society helped him to develop a deep sense of truth and the recital of such an act of courage has at times justice then important in remaining steadfast served as an appeal for young people to un in the Christian faith. flinchingly walk in the revealed light of God©s Then came a day when John thought he Word. should become a hermit instead of continuing During her imprisonment Perpetua had a his law profession. Having been trained under Christian companion, Felicitas, who suffered the great orator Libanius, John showed much similar hardships. Together they stood firm for talent for giving appealing court speeches. His their convictions, and became martyrs for mother was not in favor of his becoming a Christ. We shudder at the historian©s account of hermit, however, and recommended to him an the trials of these faithful young women who of active Christianity among men, not in a hermit fered their lives in sacrifice rather than deny age. He heeded her counsel and became one of their Saviour. the church©s greatest reformers and Bible ex- 40 THE MINISTRY positors. Later he wrote many excellent homi lies on the books of the Bible. THE LITTLE GIANT HOTOMATIC There are times when mothers, directed by GAS WATER HEATER NO. 3 God©s Spirit, may have their way. We are re Will supply all the hot water needed for Baptistries, Church Kitchens, Rest Rooms. minded, too, of the influence of Timothy©s Heats 450 CPH, 20 rise in temperature. mother, Eunice, and her mother, Lois. From Inexpensive, too. the New Testament writers, and especially the Write for free folder. Dept. M-24. LITTLE GIANT MFC. CO. apostle Paul, we could enlarge the "Order of 907 7th Street Orange, Texas Anthusa." Christianity was young and women were needed, who with the leaders of that day could prepare preachers for the Lord. Lessons From the Past Womanhood in the early Christian Era pre Intellectual Stimulus sents a composite picture of feminine talents A contemporary of Anthusa was Paula, a within the church. Adventist women are help Christian young woman with rare talents. To ing to write its closing chapters, and these, day we might refer to her as a career woman in prophecy tells us, are pressing a last-day mes the field of research. She was a disciple of the sage into our consciousness. Only the future famous Jerome, who dedicated many of his will tell how soon our Adventist young women Bible translations and several of his commen will witness for the Saviour as did Perpetua. Al taries to her. Paula was a woman of great refine ready our cause is beginning to record its ment, culture, wealth, and education. She did martyrs, and others are doomed to die for their not use her wealth on herself, however, but was faith. active in making the poor, sick, and lonely more Are Adventist mothers and workers© wives comfortable. She also helped materially in pro more occupied with the task of producing viding hospitals, schools, and chapels. pretty garments for their worldly-minded Paula was an intellectual stimulus to Jerome daughters so they may fit into the "culture" of while he labored on his Biblical material, cor our day than they are in teaching them, as only recting and revising the Latin translations then a mother can, the beauties and excellences of a in use and making new Latin translations from Bible faith? Are they so occupied with earning the original Hebrew and Greek texts. money to send their children to Christian Left a widow in her early thirties, her deep schools that they have to leave their spiritual grief almost caused her death. But at that time education to the teacher? Home training is the her friend Marcella won her to Christianity. first responsibility of parents: no church school, Marcella had persuaded Jerome to come to important as it is, will compensate for the neg Rome to teach a Bible class in which Paula and lect of Bible instruction in the home. her four daughters enrolled. The lives of these How many mothers today have the wisdom of Christian women were then in great contrast Anthusa in guiding their sons and daughters to the luxurious lives of their pagan sisters. past the shoals of worldliness? Or how many in Our Adventist sisters will be interested in the spirit follow the Parents© Fellowship of Prayer following statement from Edith Deen©s book featured weekly in the Review, pressing at the Great Women of the Christian Faith * : "Before throne of grace their own case of straying her conversion, Paula had dressed in rich silks youth? and decked herself in the finest jewels. Like Would you, an Adventist mother, know how other women of her rank, she painted her face, to guide your John Chrysostom away from darkened her eyes and plaited her dark hair secular ambitions into the ministry of Christ? with false yellow tresses. She wore gold shoes Would you guide your daughter into the Bible and was carried in a litter, a row of eunuchs work rather than into a worldly position with walking in front of her. better pay? Are your sons seeking fame and "When she became a Christian, she began to position? Are your daughters just "too soft" for adopt many austerities. . . . She began to pray some missionary tasks that keep pressing into longer than she slept. Yet the woman in her the General Conference Appointees Commit was never lost in the saint." Pages 30, 31. tee? To maintain the missionary spirit for the Sainthood such as the Bible teaches is a cause, we must have fathers and mothers with practical life patterned after that of the lowly missionary enthusiasm. We do have many de Saviour. It is a definite separation from the ex voted parents, but there is a need for many cesses, frivolities, and vanities of the world. It more. quietly grows out of a surrendered heart to Christ. * Used by permission, Harper and Brothers. Xew York. SEPTEMBER, 1961 41 BOOKS - For Your Library

The Epistles to the Corinthians, Herschel H. Hobbs, ence as a pastor and editor, himself having au Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, thored religious books. Denominations are grouped 1960, 127 pages, $1.95; The Gospel of John, V. alphabetically. LOUISE C. KLEUSER Wayne Barton, Baker Book House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1960, 96 pages, $1.75. For One Moment, Christmas Carol Kauffman, Her ald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, 1960, 320 These are the recent additions to the Shield pages, $3.25. Study Series; both manuals are by prominent Bible teachers. To date, twelve of these manuals are in Here is a true story of a German youth who be print and further volumes are to be announced came Hitler©s flag-bearer. He received a medal for when ready. These manuals are inexpensive, paper being fifty times in close contact with the enemy bound, and well organized into study guides. They as he worked for the Nazi cause. are of special interest for seminaries, colleges, uni The chapters of this book cover his experience versities, ministers, and gospel workers. In each of and big decisions as a war prisoner, a boarder in a these manuals an excellent introduction, analytical Christian home, a man in need of God, as a new outline, and careful fundamentalist commentary creature in Christ, as a reconstruction worker, and are provided. Sound scholarship and able author finally an American churchman. It is a moving story, ship mark these helpful manuals. Herschel Hobbs full of pathos, but it eventually reveals Christian is pastor of the First Baptist church of Oklahoma satisfactions. This book reveals a deep understand City and is the preacher on the Baptist Hour. He ing of the strength of the forces of evil, and will is also the author of several inspiring books. prove to be a timely enlightener for Christians. V. Wayne Barton is a professor of New Testament Here is thinking on a high plane and guidance for and Greek at the New Orleans Baptist Theological inexperienced Christians and for all who value Seminary. Teachers and librarians please take no truth and righteousness. Its ideals will shape tice. LOUISE C. KLEUSER character. LOUISE C. KLEUSER

Letters to Young Churches, J. B. Phillips, The Out of My Life, V. Raymond Edman, Zondervan Macmillan Company, 60 Fifth Avenue, New Publishing House, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 1961, York, 1960, paperback edition, 225 pages, $1.25. 224 pages, $3.50. Here is a work that we cheerfully recommend to The author©s translation of the New Testament our university, seminary, and college presidents. Epistles here needs no introduction. But to be able The author is the president of Wheaton College. A to have such an excellent reference work in modern great man and a deep Christian is writing out of language and in an inexpensive yet sturdy book, his life©s experiences. The chapters are brief and we consider to be an opportunity for those who filled with the richest and most practical experiences appreciate a study help. Far from having been that come to any young man or woman, especially robbed of their original force and purpose, these those who anticipate service in ministerial work. letters are provokingly personal and have remark The author©s theme is the personal, intimate rela able relevance today. This is a well-organized, easy- tionship that exists between a child of God and his to-read-and-understand verbal translation of the Lord. There is an overseas touch, which makes all New Testament Epistles. We enjoyed reading this men akin. The very reality of these soul-searching translation as a revealing running story of the early and heart-warming chapters reveals the author©s church. LOUISE C. KLEUSER God-centered philosophy. Here is clear-cut insight into youthful nature and its temptations, and not Handbook of Denominations in the United States, without a dignified humor, which holds the read Second Revised Edition, Frank S. Mead, Abing- er©s interest and befriends the one who may be don Press, 1961, 272 pages, $2.95. walking in "slippery places." This book is a gem and demonstrates God©s dealings with His children. Teachers and students of contemporary religions Pastors will appreciate the rare thinking displayed will welcome this up-to-date treatise of more than by Dr. Edman, for he has had pastorates in peace 260 religious bodies, their history, doctrines, dis and in war settings, was also a missionary in Ecua tinctive characteristics, and present status. Here is dor, and has had a distinguished career in scholar concise, complete, and generally fair information ship and education. Librarians will consider it a by a well-recognized authority in this incisive field treasured book. The leadership of your college or of research. Frank S. Mead has had broad experi- university will relish its inspiration. L. C. K. 42 THE MINISTRY AUDIO-VISUAL TRAINING SERIES EVERY

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SEPTEMBER, 1961 43 NEWS -- From Current Journals

[Unless otherwise credited, the following news items are Dr. Walter M. Horton, who helped engineer the taken from Religious Neivs Service.} 1957 union of the Congregational Christian <| Dr. Arthur M. Ramsey, the new Archbishop of Churches' General Council and the Evangelical and Canterbury, has called for further contacts with Reformed Church to form the United Church of the Vatican. To accomplish this he appointed a Christ. Referring to the four-way merger suggested special representative to serve as a liaison with the by Dr. Eugene Carson Blake, stated clerk of the Vatican for the forthcoming Second Vatican (Ecu United Presbyterian Church, Dr. Horton said the menical) Council.—United Evangelical Action. United Church of Christ should wait until "we ^1 The huge task of translating the Bible into some shall have become emotionally adjusted to the step 800 different African tongues is only half finished, we have already taken and explored the rich pos according to Maynard W. Booth, secretary of the sibilities of our new role more fully." British and Foreign Bible Society in Salisbury.— 1 A letter written by Martin Luther in 1518, miss Moody Monthly. ing for more than 300 years, has been found in Bos *[ Missionaries in Angthong, Thailand, report that ton. The priceless "one-of-a-kind" letter has been Buddhist priests of the town have become regular acquired by Dr. H. Spencer Gliddon, associate pro borrowers of one particular book. Its title: Peace fessor at the Tufts University School of Medicine. with God, by Billy Graham.—Moody Monthly. The doctor obtained the letter from a collector who, lie said, had bought it from an old Boston family. f U.S. Roman Catholics now form 24 per cent of Where it lay for more than three centuries is some the population, compared with 19 per cent a decade thing that probably can never be explained. The ago. According to the Official Catholic Directory professor said scholars were aware of the existence for 1961, baptized Catholics number 42,104,899— of the letter and labeled it No. 96 in the Weimar 13,470,021 more than in 1951. Although the in Collection of Luther's works, but until recently they crease makes Catholics the fastest-growing religion assumed it had been destroyed. in the land, with a growth rate of 47 per cent over *j A distinguished international diplomat told dele the decade, the directory reflects some trends that gates to the General Assembly of the United Pres- worry the church. Among them: more and more buerian Church in the U.S.A. that the trouble with mixed marriages, reflected by a drop of 511 wed the world is that it ignores and dislikes to be re dings in the church compared with the year before. minded of its source—God. Dr. Charles Malik, presi A decrease of 14,571 in the number of conversions dent in 1958-59 of the United Nations General to 136,953. A drop of 30,923 infant baptisms, to Assembly, said: "The Judaeo-Christian thrust alien- 1,313,653.—Time Magazine. ales the world because the world enjoys its alienness f The Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod and the from God; because the world wants to be left alone, Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod apparently left wallowing in its own corruption, left in its put off indefinitely a threat to continuation of the own inherent drift toward nothingness. The world Lutheran Synodical Conference of North America, is by no means converted, and those who love Christ although both denominations clung to their posi today must fight against the forces of evil with all tions. Delegates from the two bodies and representa their strength." tives of the Synodical Conference's other two mem f A photo-printed copy of the New Testament bers adopted a resolution calling for a restudy and portion of the New English Bible has become a formulation of doctrine. The study will be under best-seller in Taipei, Formosa. Reproduced and taken by a commission representing the conference's distributed without permission, the copies retail four constituents. for 75 cents as compared with .$4.95 for those being «[ The United Church of Christ should wait "at sold in the United States. least a dozen years" before acting on the proposed '[ A Dixieland jazz combo, a modern dance group merger with the Methodist and Protestant Episcopal from the University of New Mexico, and a folk Churches and the United Presbyterian Church in singer took part in a unique vesper service at First the U.S.A., an "elder statesman" of Congregational Presbyterian church in Albuquerque. The service, ism warned. The statement was made at the annual entitled "Worship in Contemporary Expression," Ohio Conference of Congregational Churches by was conceived by the Reverend William O. Evans,

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IS A FRIENDLY VOLUME WARM WITH THE LOVE OF GOD SEPTEMBER, 1961 45 minister of youth for the church. Designed to at tract a youthful audience, it drew worshipers of all ages who filled the 1,500-seat church to capacity. GOSPEL TENTS According to church officials, it was probably the first time a jazz band had ever played in the sanc STEEL-CLAD TABERNACLES tuary of a church here as part of a worship service. SMITH MANUFACTURING CO., DALTON, GA. It was also the first time that a barefooted, swaying Over 50 Years in Business dance group performed in the aisles of an Albu querque church. A number of the church board agreed that the service was in good taste and pre Archibald Campbell Craig, top official of the Scot sented a worthy message. The band played the jazz tish Church, would visit the Pope was seen in Edin versions of "The Saints Come Marching In," "Shall burgh, Scotland, when the General Assembly by a We Gather at the River?" "Battle Hymn of the large majority, instructed its Inter-Church Relations Republic," and a series of Negro spirituals. The Committee, together with the General Administra dance group performed a Jewish dance to stress, as tion and Colonial and Continental Committees, to Mr. Evans described it, "our Hebrew heritage and study the advisability of this unprecedented gesture. the brotherhood of man." Dr. Craig will be in Rome next year to take part in celebrations marking the centenary of the Scots *[ Dropping the word "Protestant" from the name Kirk (St. Andrew's church) there. Should he uti of the Episcopal Church has been urged by the lize the occasion also to meet with Pope John, he Living Church, an unofficial Episcopal news weekly will follow in the footsteps of Dr. Geoffrey Francis published in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Changing the Fisher, who last December became the first Anglican name to "the Episcopal Church in the U.S.A." would Archbishop of Canterbury to visit the Vatican and be no reason to fear that the denomination was converse with the Pope. moving in the direction of Roman Catholicism, the magazine commented in an editorial. "Our firm <[ The ancient English ritual known as change ring belief is that nothing of the kind is in the minds of ing will soon come to Washington, D.C., Dean those who advocate the change of name, except per Francis B: Sayre, Jr., of Washington Cathedral (Epis haps a few extremists (fewer today than they Were copal) announced. He disclosed that the new Gloria a generation ago), who are no more likely to be in Excelsis Tower, which will rise 300 feet above able to push the Episcopal Church Romeward with the Cathedral on the height of Mount St. Alban, the revised title than with the present one." Drop will be the only church tower in the world that will ping "Protestant" from its name is a perennial have two sets o£ bells—a ten-bell set of peals for issue in the Episcopal Church. Proposals along the change ringing and a 53-bell carillon that will be line are expected to be presented to the denomina one of the finest instruments of its kind in the tion's General Convention, September 17-29, at De United States. The announcement was made as troit, Michigan. The editorial said that the word officials of the Cathedral signed the largest single "Protestant" was the source of confusion. The construction contract in its history, for $1,860,000. Episcopal Church holds to the apostolic succession The great church has been under construction since or the consecration of bishops in a direct line from 1907. Completion is expected about the year 2007, the apostles. In Communion, Christ is believed to the one hundredth anniversary of the laying of the be truly present in a spiritual manner in the bread cornerstone. Under the contract the George A. Fuller and wine, in contrast to the more common Protes Co. has promised completion of the great bell tower tant view that these are merely symbols. by the fall of 1964. If The Second Vatican Council is "destined to leave If Another historic milestone in relations between an indelible imprint on the history of the Church," the Roman Catholic Church and other churches may Pope John XXIII declared at the opening of a ten- be reached next year when the moderator of the day session of the Pontifical Central Commission set Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) pays a courtesy up in preparation for the Council. Presided over by call on Pope John XXIII. The possibility that Dr. the Pope, the Commission met in the Hall of Con gregations of the Vatican Palace, with 31 cardinals, two patriarchs, 12 archbishops and bishops, four CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS superiors general of religious orders, and 23 ad Advertisements appropriate to The Ministry, appear visers present. In his speech, delivered in Latin, the ing under this heading, eight cents a word for^each Pontiff said the various other preparatory commis insertion, including initials and address. Minimum charge, two dollars for each insertion. Cash reqiured sions set up for the coming Council have done much with order. Address The Minstry, Takoma Park, Wash groundwork for it, and now the Central Commission, ington 12, D.C., U.S.A. "the highest and most important, is going to work for the success of the Council. Our heart," he said, "opens wide at the hope of great successes in seeing so united a rising number of participants from THOUSANDS OF HARD-TO-FIND AND throughout the world. The world is waiting for this out-of-print religious and theological books now available. Send 25c for recent catalog. Libraries purchased. Kregel©s Council, and this waiting is widespread not only Book Store, Grand Rapids 6, Michigan. among our own beloved sons but also among those outside the Church." 46 THE MINISTRY Companions in Service

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"HOW READEST OCCASIONALLY we publish with an author who cannot prove his own conten THOU?" articles of a provocative tions. A man who expects to prove what he wants nature. Much of their con to believe is hard pressed for proof. Moreover, tent is obviously in line with what we already be some things that the mail brings are so inconse lieve, but here and there is a certain amount of quential that they are not susceptible of proof challenge. The provocative writer—by which we either way. Life is too short to waste on the unim mean one who just makes his readers think—like portant and the inconsequential. H. w. L. the provocative teacher, is open to misunderstand ing; but who wants to read only what leaves his SLAVES OR A well-known preacher tells how mind unchallenged, undisturbed? SERVANTS? he gave a series of Lenten talks on Research material, which is not easily come by, "Great Protestants." For his talk is very apt to make us stop and think. Even other on Bach, the piano was pressed into service. Rem wise good, orthodox material may contain certain brandt was pictorially represented through the things with which we do not agree. The man who epidiascope, but for his closing talk on Luther he cannot read with equanimity some things with decided to use no audio or visual aids of any kind. which he does not agree, will live in a narrow He comments thus: "I was reminded of the old groove. Indeed, he may in time develop atrophied preacher who was asked whether he needed a powers of reason. He certainly will never under magic-lantern to illustrate his talk. 'Lantern!' he stand men of differing ideas and outlook. exclaimed indignantly, 'When I talk, they don't It seldom seems to occur to the man who cannot need no pictures!' " endure to read anything except what he already This is an age of gadgets, some of which are ad believes, and who rushes in to castigate the editor mirable aids. But some of them, used too much in question, that both editor and author were and too long, can ruin a man's preaching. The man aware of opposite points of view before they went whose power is based on the Word, prayer, personal into print. consecration, can use mechanical aids whenever he The justification for provocative material is that: wishes, but the man who depends consistently on (a) too few of us really know how to think logically aids of any kind will become their slave. There is and deeply; (V) it may stimulate thought and help no real substitute for an intelligent, Spirit-filled those people who apparently fall victim to anything preaching of the Word. H. w. L. they hear or read to analyze and evaluate; (c) many questions have more than one answer, and it "THE ONLY PREACH- The City Temple, cultivates the mind to examine all angles involved; ING I CAN DO" London, England, has (d) we should seek to cultivate a sense of discrimi had some famous nation in reading, so that the mind is invigorated preachers. When looking for a successor to the ca and fortified by accepting the true and discarding pable Dr. Leslie Weatherhead, the church chose the the erroneous; (e) opposite schools of religious Reverend A. L. Griffith, a vastly different type of thought must be studied if they are to be under preacher from his predecessor. stood. H. w. L. When asked about his type of preaching Mr. Griffith said they would have to go back to the "PROVE THIS THE mail often famous expository preacher, Dr. Joseph Parker, for WRONG, OTHERWISE brings strange things a parallel to his style of preaching. IT'S CORRECT" —"new light," mim- "Will the City Temple under your ministry be eographed and come the center of such preaching?" he was asked. printed, and, sad to say, once in a while a "scav "This is the only preaching I can do," he replied. enger" production whose sponsors love nothing so "I don't know how to preach any other way. There much as items calculated to injure the church and is only one way to sustain a long ministry, and truth. that is to let the Word of God speak. I shall con Before me today is a tract with these words above tinually search the Word of God for His message the caption: "Prove This Wrong, Otherwise It's for the people."—British Weekly, April 6, 1961. Correct." How naive can these people be? If they This man studied at a liberal seminary, only to want to shift the burden of substantiating their pet find after graduation "that I had no gospel to ideas onto me, they will be disappointed. I never preach, and I had not met Jesus Christ in a saving waste a moment in such a pastime. experience." If I read something and I detect that it is basically There are great secrets here. Biblical assurance, erroneous, or if I am unimpressed by its logic, I saving experience with a redeeming Lord—without am under no burden to waste time to communicate these all preaching is vain. H. w. L.

48 THE MINISTRY