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TRAFFIC in OPIUM and OTHER Dangerous DRUGS ommunicated to C ,469 .M.318.1938.XI. e council and (O.C ./A.R. 1937/97) e Members of the (issued in English only). ague). Geneva, November 28th, 1938 . LEAGUE OF NATIONS. TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER dangerous DRUGS. ANNUAL REPORTS BY GOVERNMENTS FOR 1937„ UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. iote by the Secretary-General, In accordance with Article 21 of the Convention f 1931 for limiting the Manufacture and regulating is Distribut ion of Narcotic Drugs, the Secretary- neral has the honour to communicate herewith to the rties to the Convention the above-mentioned eport. The report is also communicated to other tates and to the Advisory Committee on Traffic in pi urn and other Dangerous Drugs „ (For the form of annual reports., see document O.C.1600). V •IV. C7 * XU • lu UW *AX » (O.C/A.R.li)37/97) Anner'J i TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31 1937 U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF NARCOTICS WASHINGTON. D . C. U. S. TREASURY DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF NARCOTICS TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1937 REPORT BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1938 the Superintendent of Documenta, Washington, D. C, .......................... Price TABLE OF CONTENTS A. GENERAL P ag» I. New legislation_______________________________________________ 1 An Act to Increase the Punishment of Second, Third, and Sub­ sequent Offenders against the Narcotic Laws______________ 2 New administrative regulations and orders__________________ 2 Uniform Narcotic Drug Act________________________________ 3 II. Administration_______________________________________________ 4 Organization______________________________________________ 4 Drug addiction____________________________________________ 4 III. Control of international trade___________________________________ 10 IV. International cooperation_______________________________________ 11 V. Illicit traffic___________________________________________________ 12 Raw opium_______________________________________________ 12 Prepared opium___________________________________________ 13 Morphine_________________________________________________ 15 Heroin____________________________________________________ 15 Cocaine___________________________________________________ 16 Codeine___________________________________________________ 17 Marihuana (Cannabis sativa L.)_____________________________ 17 Developments in the trend of the traffic_____________________ 17 Seizures___________________________________________________ 18 Drug violators in Federal prisons___________________________ 19 Examples of seizures_______________________________________ 20 Atlantic Coast area____________________________________ 20 North Pacific Coast area_______________________________ 37 South Pacific Coast area_______________________________ 40 North Central area____________________________________ 41 South Central area____________________________________ 42 Hawaiian Islands______________________________________ 47 Illicit traffic by post, express, railway, and air_______________ 48 Adulteration______________________________________________ 53 Illicit traffic in marihuana (Cannabis sativa L.)_______________ 53 VI. Other information______________________________________________ 57 Educational work__________________________________________ 57 Courts____________________________________________________ 57 Recidivism in narcotic law violators_________________________ 59 Fugitives_________________________________________________ 59 Deportations of aliens______________________________________ 60 Automobile seizures________________________________________ 60 Thefts____________________________________________________ 61 Lost order forms___________________________________________ 61 Diversions________________________________________________ 62 State boards_____________________________________ 62 ( r a j IV B. RAW MATERIALS Pae= V II. Raw opium---------------------------------------------------------------------------- VIII. Coca leaf___________________________________ 63 IX. Marihuana (Cannabis sativa L., Indian hem p)----------------- 63 Effects of marihuana (Cannabis)------------------------------------------ 65 Research work on marihuana----------------------------------------------- 66 C. MANUFACTURED DRUGS X. 1. Internal control of manufactured drugs----------------------------------- 67 2. Licenses _________ 70 3. Manufacture______________________________ '------------------------- 70 4. Trade and distribution---------------------------------------------------------- 72 Consumption------------------------------------------------------------------------ 73 D. OTHER QUESTIONS XI. Chapter IV of the Hague Opium Convention of 1912........... 74 X II. Prepared opium------------------------------------------------------------------------ 74 APPENDIX Statistical tables----------------------------------------------------------------------- 76 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL T r e a s u r y D e p a r t m e n t , Bureau of Narcotics, Washington, July 15, 1938. The Honorable the Secretary of the Treasury. S ir : I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of the Gov­ ernment of the United States on the Traffic in Opium and Other Dangerous Drugs, for the calendar year ended December 31, 1937, for distribution through the Secretary of State to the nations signa­ tory to the International Drug Conventions of 1912 and 1931. Copy of this report will be transmitted to Congress in accordance with the act of June 14, 1930. Respectfully, H. J. A n s l i n g e r , Commissioner of Narcotics. (v) report by t h e g o ve r n m e n t o f t h e u n it e d sta tes o f AMERICA FOR THE CALENDAR YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1937, ON THE TRAFFIC IN OPIUM AND OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS A. GENERAL The usual Federal law, enacted annually, making an appropriation for narcotic enforcement was approved May 14, 1937, and allotted the sum of $1,267,600 for enforcement of the Federal narcotic drug laws for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1938. I. New Legislation. An important step in the field of narcotic law enforcement was taken by the United States Congress during the year in enacting a Federal law placing marihuana (Cannabis sativa), insofar as use for other than medicinal or scientific purposes is concerned, in sub­ stantially the same class as other contraband narcotic drugs. Pre­ vious to the enactment of this statute on August 2, 1937, the United States Government was powerless to combat the increasing spread of the marihuana traffic except by disseminating information as to the seriousness of the problem and by urging active enforcement of marihuana laws by the various States in the Union. (All of the 48 States in the Union had theretofore enacted legislation of some nature controlling the drug. See table 4-A in appendix to this report.) The Federal law, which became effective October 1, 1937, defines “marihuana” to mean all parts of the plant Cannabis sativa L., whether growing or not ; the seeds thereof ; the resin extracted from any part of such plant ; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds, or resin. The definition does not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber produced from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such mature stalks (except the resin extracted therefrom), fiber, oil or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. This law imposes an occupa­ tional tax upon all persons who import, manufacture, produce (plant, cultivate, harvest, etc.), compound, sell, deal in, dispense, prescribe, (1) 2 administer, or give away marihuana. It also provides that all trans­ fers of marihuana (with certain exceptions) must be made pursuant to a written order of the person to whom such marihuana is trans­ ferred and requires the payment of tax on such transfers at the rate of $1 per ounce of marihuana or fraction thereof, if the transferee is registered, and $100 per ounce if the transferee is not so regis­ tered. This law also requires appropriate records to be kept and information returns to be rendered regarding transactions in mari­ huana. Any person who is convicted of a violation of any provision of this act may be subject to a fine of not more than $2,000 or im­ prisonment for not more than 5 years, or both, in the discretion of the court. The act of Congress approved August 25, 1937, provides that the appropriation for the Bureau of Narcotics contained in the Treasury and Post Office Departments Appropriation Act, approved May 14, 1937, is made available for the payment of expenses in administering and enforcing the provisions of the act approved August 2, 1937, known as the Marihuana Tax Act of 1937. A n A c t t o I n c r e a s e t h e P u n i s h m e n t o f S e c o n d , T h i r d , a n d S u b s e q u e n t O f f e n d e r s A g a in s t t h e N a r c o t ic L a w s Another new Federal law, approved August 12, 1937, provides tliat any person who, after having been convicted of selling, importing, or exporting, or conspiring to sell, import, or export narcotic drugs contrary to law, again sells, imports, or exports, or conspires to sell, import, or export narcotic drugs, shall, upon conviction of such sec­ ond offense, be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned for not more than 10 years, or both, in the discretion of the court. This law fur­ ther provides that
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