the rise and fall of free download Download Rise & Fall: Civilizations at War (Windows) This is the 2008 free, ad-supported version of the game, supported by the US Air Force, which does not work anymore. To get a working version, go get XJDHDR's fixed release on Sourceforge. Scroll down to the comments section for more informations. External links. Captures and Snapshots. Comments and reviews. jjjd 2021-02-26 0 point. good game, this is game favourite. :) Lors 2021-02-14 2 points. UPDATE: I got it to work and it was entirely my fault. When you down load the XJDHDR version of the game you have to also download the portable version. After both are downloaded you take the main game files and put it in the App folder of the XJDHDR folder. You have to put it in a new folder called "Rise and Fall; Civilizations at War" inside the App folder. Whenever you go to run the game you just have to run the file "RiseAndFallCivilizationsAtWarPortable-XJDHDR.exe" every time to get the game to work. I have played at least 15 hours of the game at this point and I have had no issues, no crashes, and only a few minor bugs. I don't know anything about multiplayer as I have not tried that yet but. Lors 2021-02-10 1 point. Game seems to work but the mouse doesn't want to work at all. I can navigate some of the menu with the keyboard but otherwise I am getting to the main menu just fine. Ashley Rinsham 2021-01-18 0 point. Has anyone played the tutorial of this Rise and Fall and stuck at the second (Advanced Concepts) and stuck at the Build a Settlement and Barracks near Herakleion mission? Anyone know how to do it? Perry Rhodan 2020-11-05 -1 point. I have the original and to get it to work under Windows 8.1 I have to run a batch file and not the .exe file, or it won't work. Here is the batch file if you want to create your own. Create text file and save as RunMe.bat. RiseAndFall.exe -datapath "data\" -redistpath "redist\" -nodump. Jack Rainer 2020-11-01 2 points. To everyone who have troubles with running the game - try to do the steps as in this instruction https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=imY88GEsjwA (video is not mine). I installed the game few years ago, using this video. Also, you will need to install No-DVD+Fixes pack, links in the video description. If you want to play multiplayer, MP only version is available on ModDB https://www.moddb.com/games/rise-and- fall-civilizations-at-war/downloads/rise-and-fall-civilizations-at-war-multiplayer . You can play through apps like Hamachi or Tunggle. Although, I suggest you to download XJDHDR version instead, simply download 2 files (7z-archive and installer), and follow instructions. Worked fine on my Win7-64bit (hint - you probably will need to click on .exe-file two times, it worked for me only after I clicked it second time, like after 1 minute after first double-click). Thank you, XJDHDR, good work! ZZZZZZ 2020-10-03 2 points. AAAAAA++++++ GRADE GAME. SEND ME MORE LIKE THIS GAME. clueless 2020-04-27 4 points. Game asks for internet connection. PC has internet connection. Game can't find it. Game stupid. Kron 2020-04-07 -6 points. Fcking can't open this file. Errors are blocking me down, I fcking waste my whole day by installing fcking this file but the result is fcked up! Fck useless, when i open that file, it start yelling "Need internet connection" even i'm fcking turn on wifi on my PC. Again Fuck u Idiot, and fcking errors fck u. Patrik Jeseticky 2020-03-05 1 point. does not work it writes me a mistake PortableApp.com installers that download files must end with ''_online.paf.exe'' This is to ensure that users always know that an installer downloads file before it is run.Please rename the files to end in_paf.exe before running. Kilarious 2019-05-06 1 point. worked fine for me thanks. XJDHDR 2019-05-04 16 points. I have uploaded an updated version of my installer. The new install instructions are as follows: 1. Go to: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xjdhdr- random-code/files/Game_related_files/Rise_and_Fall_-_Civilizations_at_War/ 2. Download the latest version of the file "RiseAndFallCivilizationsAtWarPortable-XJDHDR_1.15_Development_Test__English_online.paf.exe" (not "RiseAndFallCivilizationsAtWarPortable-XJDHDR_1.15_Development_Test__English.paf.exe" 2a. Optionally, also download the file "Rise_and_Fall_-_Civilizations_at_War.7z". Make sure this file is in the same place as the EXE downloaded in step 2. 3. Run the EXE you downloaded and follow the instructions given. I have seen some people give advice to only download the 7z archive and/or extract it who knows where and try to play the game that way. My advice is to not do that. I specifically designed these two files to be used together and I will not provide support for anyone who doesn't install this game the intended way. @Baked Grenade Thanks for the report. It seems that, at some point, I gave the installer an incorrect MD5 checksum for the 7z archive, which meant that the installer thought the archive was corrupt, causing the error you saw and the installer to not recognise the archive you manually downloaded. I have just uploaded an updated version of the 7z and installer to fix this. The only difference between the online and non-online installer is that the online installer gets the game's data files from the 7z archive that either it or you downloaded from SourceForge whereas the non-online one expects you to provide the game's data files yourself. It has nothing to do with the game's multiplayer. @jask Can you provide some more details please? What program gave you that "not enough space" error? Would you be able to give me step- by-step instructions and maybe screenshots/video to reproduce this problem? I don't see any errors like that when I use my installer. Baked Grenade 2019-04-26 0 point. Thank you for the installer. Unfortunately, the installer you linked doesn't seem to function. Here is the error message I get: The downloaded copy of Rise and Fall; Civilizations at War is not valid and can not be installed. Please try installing again. Installing again doesn't change anything. I also tried downloading the archive with your provided link, and the installer doesn't recognize that I have it in the same folder. On top of that, I tried placing the archive into the temp folder that the installer creates (it creates the folder before it attempts to download anything), but it just gets deleted before the installer downloads and fails to install again. Simply extracting the game files and running the .exe does not work either. What was successful was going to your Sourceforge page and using your development build to create the portable folder, then manually extracting the contents of Rise_andFall_-_Civilizations_at_War.7z into a folder named "Rise and Fall; Civilizations at War" in the App directory it creates. Running "RiseAndFallCivilizationsAtWarPortable-XJDHDR.exe" in the root install directory then successfully launches the game. The online installer you posted on SF fails at the download step with the same error I've previously explained. Is the online installer necessary to play Rise and Fall over LAN? Is it necessary for online use of your game files (say I wanted to set this up Hamachi or something), or is it meant to be used with the multiplayer standalone that can be downloaded from moddb? Once again, thanks for the effort you've put into getting this title up and running on modern pcs. jask 2018-12-31 0 point. Another problem - unzipping. XJDHDR, I can't unzip it. It tells me, I haven't enough storage. But, I do. I got around 70 GB free space. The game should need something between 2 and 3 GB. jask 2018-12-31 -1 point. XJDHDR, thx for the installer. I was just looking for something like that, 'cause of this error. I'll try. - What did you change to make it running? SHAHDIN 2018-12-28 1 point. Game 2018-08-03 1 point. The game crash when I save or when it auto-saves. Pipinghot 2018-06-22 0 point. @XJDHRD Thank you for the updated installer. Read good things about this game but didn't find a good installer that would work for me until yours. TAMER 2018-05-12 0 point. admin 2018-03-06 2 points. XJDHDR 2018-03-04 11 points. If you don't wish to use the installer's download manager, then download this file as well: https://sourceforge.net/projects/xjdhdr-random- code/files/Game_related_files/Rise_and_Fall_-_Civilizations_at_War/Rise_and_Fall_-_Civilizations_at_War.7z/download After that, put the installer and this archive in the same folder and then run the installer. If you do that, the installer will extract the game's files straight from the archive and won't need to download anything. My installer has the following advantages: - Installer is compatible with Windows XP and up (including Windows 10) - Game has been patched to bypass the requirement for a connection to an ad server (fixes the "You have no internet access" error when trying to run the game) - Packaged to use a PortableApps.com Launcher. This means that all the game's settings and save games are stored in one place, you can store the game on removable storage with your settings and saves also being stored on it and the game doesn't store anything in the registry or outside the game's folder when it isn't running. spud king 2017-10-24 -5 points. Yeah, tells me I can't play because I need to be connected to the internet (I am connected) Potato 2017-10-05 -5 points. Cant seem to get this to work. Game installs fine but error appears telling me "an internet connection is required to play this game". Write a comment. Share your gamer memories, help others to run the game or comment anything you'd like. If you have trouble to run Rise & Fall: Civilizations at War (Windows), read the abandonware guide first! Download Rise & Fall: Civilizations at War. We may have multiple downloads for few games when different versions are available. Also, we try to upload manuals and extra documentations when possible. If the manual is missing and you own the original manual, please contact us! Just one click to download at full speed! Windows Version. Game Extras. Various files to help you run Rise & Fall: Civilizations at War, apply patches, fixes, maps or miscellaneous utilities. Antonio Luna not assassinated? Puñeta. TRANSPORTATION Secretary Joseph Emilio “Jun” Abaya is a great grandson of , considered as the First President of the Philippines (1899–1901). Aguinaldo was head of the revolutionary forces that proclaimed Philippine independence from Spain on June 12, 1898 in Kawit, . The current box office sensation is Jerrold Tarrog’s “”, a movie about Gen. Antonio Luna, the disciplinarian and temperamental commander of the Philippine Revolutionary Forces. Tarrog’s “Heneral Luna” was based on the book “The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna” by retired University of the Philippines Professor Vivencio R. Jose. The highlight of the movie is the brutal assassination of Luna. Scenes previous to that suggested it was on orders of Aguinaldo. So powerful is that scene that it’s almost impossible not to hate Aguinaldo after watching it. While other Aguinaldo descendants were not heard commenting on the movie, Abaya last week came out with his own alternative truth about Luna’s death. Abaya said “I’ve read enough books, there are other versions. As to what really transpired, I don’t think he was assassinated.” Abaya’s comment instantly drew derision in social media reminiscent of his infamous remark about Metro traffic “not fatal.” Jowana Bueser said, “Hindi ‘assassination’? Suicide ba ang ikinamatay ni Heneral Luna? “Mawalang galang na po Sir, hindi tulad nang pagkakaintindi mo sa trapik, ang mga sugat na natamo ni Luna ay fatal.” Eimee C. Lagrama said: : ”Paano yun? Tinaga nya sarili nya?” Ging Villanueva Gumabay dripped with sarcasm: “Likas lang daw kasing bayolente ang pagkatao ni luna kaya’t tinaga at binaril nya ang kanyang sarili.” So was Marilyn Robles, a Lupus patient, “Ah nakatayo kasi sa initan si Gen. Luna. Hinimatay. Nilapitan. Patay.” Abaya should read this part of the article by Mylah Roque, who interviewed the author, Jose, for VERA Files: “The scene that people would probably remember most would be the murder of Luna by soldiers from Kawit led by Capt. Pedro Janolino (Ketchup Eusebio). Soldiers took turn hacking Luna by the Cabanatuan convent. The scene is faithful to the accounts of primary sources as narrated by Jose: Luna dying with fist clenched; of the soldiers fearfully stepping back when Luna, already on the ground and dying, turned to his right; Buencamino ordering the soldiers to get all papers from his body, an old lady asking from within the convent if Luna was still moving; and of the soldiers looting the bodies of Luna and Col. Francisco ‘Paco’ Roman. One of the accounts about the killing indicated that the hacking of Luna was so violent that ‘even the intestines were already out after the undershirt had been taken off up to near the waist.’” There’s also the column by historian Ambeth Ocampo in the Inquirer titled “The way Antonio Luna died” based on papers and memorabilia on the Luna brothers ( Antonio’s brother is , the genius who painted “Spoliarium” which was brilliantly re-created in the post-assassination scene in the movie.) Here are portions of Ocampo’s column: “What many people do not know is that an even bigger treasure was neglected in the Heritage Art Gallery—the papers and memorabilia not just of Juan Luna but also of his brother, the ill-fated Gen. Antonio Luna, who was assassinated in Cabanatuan in 1899 by soldiers he had disarmed and discharged. These soldiers were loyal to Emilio Aguinaldo, who took most of the blame for Luna’s assassination when the list of conspirators should include others in his cabinet who wished Luna dead… “In one box, for example, I saw the painting frock of Juan Luna as well as his brushes and palette. In another box, I saw the bloodied uniform of Antonio Luna that was preserved by his mother as a grisly reminder of his tragic death. “I focused on a box that contained Antonio Luna’s papers—his student notebooks (which came complete with fine drawings of specimens he observed through a microscope) and the papers of his mature life: letters (including a batch of racy love letters from a woman named “Paquita”), parts of a journal, official military papers, etc. … “When I was watching the film “Heneral Luna,” I waited for the assassination scene and got more than I bargained for. The violence in the last part of the movie would definitely merit an “R” rating in my book, but in the Philippines, people are more offended, or pretend to be offended, by sex in the cinema. “I went through my notes after watching the film, and wondered why the assassins were never punished. It is odd to even think that it was a case of self-defense because it was one man against a company of soldiers. One would think that once wounded, Luna was easy to disarm and contain, but that he received more than 30 wounds from bolos and gunshots is proof that much anger was released in that killing. One or two fatal wounds would have been enough for an ordinary murder, but 30? Then, of course, we have heard of Aguinaldo’s mother watching the murder from a window in the convent and, when all was done, shouting for confirmation that Luna had indeed been killed: “Nagalaw pa ba yan?” Ocampo also wrote “Who really ordered Luna’s murder?” last June. Abaya should also read that. Literateknolohitura. I first watched the film before buying this book for 120.00 pesos at National Bookstore, a local bookstore here in the Philippines. I really appreciate the quality of the film and buying this book is like a souvenir after watching Heneral Luna. If you'd like to read my review of the Heneral Luna film, just follow this link. This book is like a spoiler to the film. It's a companion guide. The book chronicles the historical events of Antonio Luna's life and additionally, It has an interview excerpt with Dr. Vivencio Jose, author of "The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna". This book is a guide to help you understand what you don't understand about the story of the film. They're actually selling this first before you watch the Heneral Luna film, but I don't think I agree with that as the book is a sure spoiler. This movie tie-in book will just make you want to read more of Antonio Luna's life. It's too brief. Fast course. I just wish they reprint / republish "The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna" book by Dr. Vivencio Jose. The said book contains full accounts of Antonio Luna's life. Note, the said book "Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna" was published in 1972 and reprint several times in the 90s. Still, It's rare to find this book. A true gem. Antonio Luna. VI. Revolutionary Press – La Independencia. Founded by Gen. Antonio Luna, La Independencia became known as the most prominent and widely-read newspaper of the entire period. After Aguinaldo’s proclamation on pre-licensure of the press, Luna immediately appealed for authorization and successfully gained presidential permission on setting up the publication. The staff consisted of highly-skilled journalists and prominent public figures of the time including writers Jose C. Abreu, Cecilio Apostol, Fernando M. Guerrero, Clemente J. Zulueta, and . Its first issue was published on September 3, 1898 (weeks before Heraldo was published) and operated inside the heart of Manila, although it publicly announced to be operating in Malabon for security purposes. (c) Rafael Minuesa, flickr.com. Luna referred to Independencia as the revival of La Solidaridad and operated with the objectives of capturing the voice of a free and independent Philippine Republic. He originally planned it to be named La Patria (Homeland) but was advised against doing so after consulting the American Provost General in Manila for fear it might trigger Filipino-Spanish hostilities once more. It is important to note that during this time, the relationship between the and the Americans are similar to those of allies—clearly before American intentions of colonization became evident. A regular issue of Independencia consisted of four (4) pages with one (1) solely devoted to advertisements. Its contents were mostly academic essays and editorials, and only a small portion was devoted to news stories (local and foreign). The quality of its contents were said to be of very high caliber hence it being given the reputation of being the best newspaper of the entire period. It spearheaded the campaign for Philippine Independence throughout the early parts of the American regime until its closing. When Filipino-American hostilities sparked, Gen. Luna was called for military duties, effectively. Rafael Palma (c) tl.wikipedia.org. transferring his editorial responsibility to Rafael Palma. Independencia was forced to move from its headquarters in Manila to one in San Fernando, Pampanga, and later on opting to move into a mobile office via railway coach when the war itself began. Because of the hostile conditions, printing materials became scarce and the paper was reduced in half, with only two (2) pages left devoted to essays. The United States’ victory over their siege in triggered many writers and editors to leave the Independencia staff. Only Palma, Guerrero, and Apostol were left to keep it running. At this point, many of the paper’s contemporaries were forced to close and it became the sole newspaper advocating for Philippine independence by 1900. Because of the scarcity of resources and the difficulty of distribution, Independencia published its last issue on the 11 th of November 1900 while the three remaining members of its staff escaped capture to Camiling, Taguig. But despite its untimely termination, Independencia maintained its nationalistic and revolutionary perspective to the very end as evident in the short excerpt from a translated version of its last issue: “We are near the mountain, there our look is directed; there our liberty will be secure. But to compromise with the enemy, to shake hands with him while with a gun he is opening for us in the future a new era of slavery and sufferings, no, one thousand times no…In spite of victories and because of them, the enemy will be abhorred, not feared…Not a moment of peace and tranquility shall we give to his soldiers.” Biography of Antonio Luna, Hero of the Philippine-American War. Antonio Luna (October 29, 1866–June 5, 1899) was a soldier, chemist, musician, war strategist, journalist, pharmacist, and hot-headed general, a complex man who was, unfortunately, perceived as a threat by the Philippines' ruthless first president Emilio Aguinaldo. As a result, Luna died not on the battlefields of the Philippine-American War, but he was assassinated on the streets of Cabanatuan. Fast Facts: Antonio Luna. Known For : Filipino Journalist, musician, pharmacist, chemist, and general in the fight for Philippine independence from the U.S. Born : October 29, 1866 in the Binondo district of Manila, Philippines Parents : Laureana Novicio-Ancheta and Joaquin Luna de San Pedro Died : June 5, 1899 in Cabanatuan, , Philippines Education : Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1881; studied chemistry, music, and literature at the University of Santo Tomas; licentiate in pharmacy at the Universidad de Barcelona; a doctorate from the Universidad Central de Madrid, studied bacteriology and histology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris Published Works : Impresiones (as Taga-Ilog), On Malarial Pathology (El Hematozorio del Paludismo) " Spouse(s) : None Children : None. Early Life. Antonio Luna de San Pedro y Novicio-Ancheta was born on October 29, 1866, in the Binondo district of Manila, the youngest child of seven of Laureana Novicio-Ancheta, a Spanish mestiza, and Joaquin Luna de San Pedro, a traveling salesman. Antonio was a gifted student who studied with a teacher called Maestro Intong from the age of 6 and received a Bachelor of Arts from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1881 before continuing his studies in chemistry, music, and literature at the University of Santo Tomas. In 1890, Antonio traveled to Spain to join his brother Juan, who was studying painting in Madrid. There, Antonio earned a licentiate in pharmacy at the Universidad de Barcelona, followed by a doctorate from the Universidad Central de Madrid. In Madrid, he fell obsessively in love with local beauty Nelly Boustead, who was also admired by his friend Jose Rizal. But it came to nothing, and Luna never married. He went on to study bacteriology and histology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and continued on to Belgium to further those pursuits. While in Spain, Luna had published a well-received paper on malaria, so in 1894 the Spanish government appointed him to a post as a specialist in communicable and tropical diseases. Swept Into the Revolution. Later that same year, Antonio Luna returned to the Philippines where he became the chief chemist of the Municipal Laboratory in Manila. He and his brother Juan established a fencing society called the Sala de Armas in the capital. While there, the brothers were approached about joining the , a revolutionary organization founded by Andres Bonifacio in response to the 1892 banishment of Jose Rizal, but both Luna brothers refused to participate—at that stage, they believed in a gradual reform of the system rather than a violent revolution against Spanish colonial rule. Although they were not members of the Katipunan, Antonio, Juan, and their brother Jose were all arrested and imprisoned in August 1896 when the Spanish learned that the organization existed. His brothers were interrogated and released, but Antonio was sentenced to exile in Spain and imprisoned in the Carcel Modelo de Madrid. Juan, by this time a famed painter, used his connections with the Spanish royal family to secure Antonio's release in 1897. After his exile and imprisonment, understandably, Antonio Luna's attitude toward Spanish colonial rule had shifted. Due to the arbitrary treatment of himself and his brothers and the execution of his friend Jose Rizal the previous December, Luna was ready to take up arms against Spain. In his typically academic fashion, Luna decided to study guerrilla warfare tactics, military organization, and field fortification under the famous Belgian military educator Gerard Leman before he sailed to Hong Kong. There, he met with the revolutionary leader-in-exile, Emilio Aguinaldo, and in July 1898 he returned to the Philippines to take up the fight once more. General Antonio Luna. As the Spanish/American War came to a close and the defeated Spanish prepared to withdraw from the Philippines, Filipino revolutionary troops surrounded the capital city of Manila. The newly-arrived officer Antonio Luna urged the other commanders to send troops into the city to ensure a joint occupation when the Americans arrived, but Emilio Aguinaldo refused, believing U.S. naval officers stationed in Manila Bay would hand over power to the Filipinos in due course. Luna complained bitterly about this strategic blunder, as well as the disorderly conduct of American troops once they landed in Manila in mid- August 1898. To placate Luna, Aguinaldo promoted him to the rank of Brigadier General on September 26, 1898, and named him chief of war operations. General Luna continued to campaign for better military discipline, organization, and approach to Americans, who were now setting themselves up as the new colonial rulers. Along with Apolinario Mabini, Antonio Luna warned Aguinaldo that the Americans did not seem inclined to free the Philippines. General Luna felt the need for a military academy to properly train the Filipino troops, who were eager and in many cases experienced in guerrilla warfare but had little formal military training. In October 1898, Luna founded what is now the Philippine Military Academy, which operated for less than half a year before the Philippine-American War broke out in February of 1899 and classes were suspended so that staff and students could join the war effort. The Philippine-American War. General Luna led three companies of soldiers to attack the Americans at La Loma, where he was met with a ground force and naval artillery fire from the fleet in Manila Bay. The Filipinos suffered heavy casualties. A Filipino counterattack on February 23 gained some ground but collapsed when troops from Cavite refused to take orders from General Luna, stating that they would obey only Aguinaldo himself. Furious, Luna disarmed the recalcitrant soldiers but was forced to fall back. After several additional bad experiences with the undisciplined and clannish Filipino forces, and after Aguinaldo had rearmed the disobedient Cavite troops as his personal Presidential Guard, a thoroughly frustrated General Luna submitted his resignation to Aguinaldo, which Aguinaldo reluctantly accepted. With the war going very badly for the Philippines over the next three weeks, however, Aguinaldo persuaded Luna to return and made him commander-in-chief. Luna developed and implemented a plan to contain the Americans long enough to construct a guerrilla base in the mountains. The plan consisted of a network of bamboo trenches, complete with spiked man-traps and pits full of poisonous snakes, which spanned the jungle from village to village. Filipino troops could fire on the Americans from this Luna Defense Line, and then melt away into the jungle without exposing themselves to American fire. Conspiracy Among the Ranks. However, late in May Antonio Luna's brother Joaquin—a colonel in the revolutionary army—warned him that a number of the other officers were conspiring to kill him. General Luna ordered that many of these officers be disciplined, arrested, or disarmed and they bitterly resented his rigid, authoritarian style, but Antonio made light of his brother's warning and reassured him that President Aguinaldo would not allow anyone to assassinate the army's commander-in-chief. To the contrary, General Luna received two telegrams on June 2, 1899. The first asked him to join a counterattack against the Americans at San Fernando, Pampanga and the second was from Aguinaldo, ordering Luna to the new capital, Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, about 120 kilometers due north of Manila, where the Philippines' revolutionary government was forming a new cabinet. Ever ambitious, and hopeful of being named Prime Minister, Luna decided to go to Nueva Ecija with a cavalry escort of 25 men. However, due to transportation difficulties, Luna arrived in Nueva Ecija accompanied only by two other officers, Colonel Roman and Captain Rusca, with the troops having been left behind. Death. On June 5, 1899, Luna went alone to the government headquarters to speak with President Aguinaldo but was met by one of his old enemies there instead—a man he had once disarmed for cowardice, who informed him that the meeting was canceled and Aguinaldo was out of town. Furious, Luna had started to walk back down the stairs when a rifle shot went off outside. Luna ran down the stairs, where he met one of the Cavite officers he had dismissed for insubordination. The officer struck Luna on the head with his bolo and soon Cavite troops swarmed the injured general, stabbing him. Luna drew his revolver and fired, but he missed his attackers. He died at 32 years old. Legacy. As Aguinaldo's guards assassinated his most able general, the president himself was laying siege to the headquarters of General Venacio Concepcion, an ally of the murdered general. Aguinaldo then dismissed Luna's officers and men from the Filipino Army. For the Americans, this internecine fighting was a gift. General James F. Bell noted that Luna "was the only general the Filipino army had" and Aguinaldo's forces suffered disastrous defeat after disastrous defeat in the wake of Antonio Luna's murder. Aguinaldo spent most of the next 18 months in retreat, before being captured by the Americans on March 23, 1901.