DOCSLIB.ORG

Phonetician 97-98.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phonetician 97-98.Pdf ISPhS International Society of Phonetic Sciences President: Ruth Huntley Bahr Secretary General: Honorary President: Mária Gósy Harry Hollien Executive Vice President: Eric Keller Vice Presidents: Past Presidents: Angelika Braun Jens-Peter Köster Maria Dohalská-Zichová Harry Hollien Mária Gósy William A. Sakow † Damir Horga Martin Kloster-Jensen Eric Keller Milan Romportl † Heinrich Kelz Bertil Malmberg † Stephen Lambacher Eberhard Zwirner † Asher Laufer Daniel Jones † Judith Rosenhouse Honorary Vice Presidents: A. Abramson P. Janota P. Ladefoged † R. K. Potapova F. Weingartner S. Agrawal W. Jassem A. Marchal M. Rossi R. Weiss L. Bondarko M. Kloster-Jensen H. Morioka M. Shirt E. Emerit M. Kohno R. Nasr E. Stock G. Fant E.-M. Krech T. Nikolayeva M. Tatham Regional Secretaries: M. Bakalla Mid-East M. Dohalská-Zichová & T. Dub ĕda Czech Section C. Paboudjian Southern Europe R. K. Potapova Russia P. French United Kingdom Y. H. Wang South East Pacific H. Yamazawa Japan Auditor: Angelika Braun Treasurer: Ruth Huntley Bahr Affiliated Members (Associations): American Association of Phonetic Sciences J. Hoit & W. S. Brown Dutch Society of Phonetics B. Schouten International Association for Forensic Phonetics and Acoustics A. Braun Phonetic Society of Japan I. Oshima & K. Maekawa Polish Phonetics Association G. Demenko Affiliated Members (Institutes and Companies): Kay Elemetrics, Lincoln Park, NJ, USA J. Crump Inst. for Advanced Study of the Communication Processes, Univ. Florida, USA H. Hollien Dept. of Phonetics, University of Trier, Germany J.-P. Köster Dept. of Phonetics, University of Helsinki, Finland A. Iivonen Dept. of Phonetics, University of Zürich, Switzerland S. Schmid Centre of Poetics and Phonetics, University of Geneva, Switzerland S. Vater INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF PHONETIC SCIENCES (ISPHS): ADDRESSES www.isphs.org President: Secretary General: Prof. Ruth Huntley Bahr, Ph.D. Prof. Mária Gósy, DSc President’s Office: Secretary General’s Office: University of South Florida Kempelen Farkas Speech Research Dept. of Communication Science and Laboratory Disorders Hungarian Academy of Sciences 4202 E. Fowler Ave., PCD 1017 Benczúr u. 33 Tampa, FL 33620-8200 H-1068 Budapest USA Hungary Tel.: ++1-813-974-3182 Tel.: ++36 (1) 321-4830 ext. 172 Fax: ++1-813-974-0822 Fax: ++36 (1) 322-9297 e-mail: [email protected] u e-mail: [email protected] Guest Editors: Review Editor: Prof. Gábor Olaszy, DSc Prof. Judith Rosenhouse, Ph.D. and Review Editor’s Office: Prof. Géza Németh, Ph.D. Swantech Guest Editors’ Office: 89 Hagalil St Department of Telecommunications and Haifa 32684 Mediainformatics Israel Budapest University of Technology and Tel.: ++972-4-8235546 Economics Fax: ++972-4-8327399 Magyar tudósok krt. 2 e-mail: [email protected] H-1117 Budapest Hungary Tel.: ++36 (1) 463-3883 Editorial Board: Fax: ++36 (1) 463-3107 e-mail: [email protected] Professor Dr. Angelika Braun [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Tomáš Dub ěda e-mail: [email protected] Professor Dr. Mária Gósy e-mail: [email protected] Professor Dr. Eric Keller e-mail: [email protected] Professor Dr. Jens-P. Köster e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Chantal Paboudjian e-mail: [email protected] the Phonetician A Publication of ISPhS/ International Society of Phonetic Sciences ISSN 0741-6164 Number 97 / 2008-I-II CONTENTS From the President....................................................................................................6 Papers.........................................................................................................................7 A formant trajectory database of Hungarian vowels by Gábor Olaszy, Zsuzsanna Zsófia Rácz and Kálmán Abari ..............................................................7 A comparative study of direct and ASR-based modular audio to visual speech systems by Gergely Feldhoffer, Attila Tihanyi and Balázs Oroszi .......................15 Improving naturalness of visual speech synthesis by László Czap and János Mátyás .........................................................................................................27 Exploring differences between phonetic classes in Sleep Apnoea Syndrome Patients using automatic speech processing techniques by Jose Luis Blanco, Rubén Fernández, Eduardo López and Luis Alfonso Hernández.....................................36 Phonetics Institutes Present Themselves...............................................................56 Laboratories of Speech Research & Technology at the Department of Telecommunications and Media Informatics (TMIT), Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) by Géza Németh ...........................................56 Ph.D. research..........................................................................................................60 Integrating prosody into Automatic Speech Recognition by György Szaszák ..........60 Research project......................................................................................................68 Report on building a tool for Romanian spontaneous speech recognition by Corneliu Burileanu, Cristina-Sorina Petrea, Andi Buzo, Horia Cucu and Alina Pasca ....................................................................................................68 Tools using speech technology for research and education.................................83 Glottalizer: A tool to transform regular voice into irregular voice by Tamás B ıhm and Nicolas Audibert ..................................................................83 On line acoustic features of segmental level speech data (Hungarian) by Gábor Olaszy ....................................................................................................88 From text-to-sound - A Hungarian word level pronunciation database using IPA symbols by Kálmán Abari .....................................................................................93 Applications using speech technology research results......................................105 Mindroom – Video news search system by voice by Tibor Fegyó and Sándor Somos ......................................................................................................105 Spoken dialogue-based phone information system for pharmaceuticals by Gábor Olaszy ..................................................................................................109 On the Hungarian Language and Speech Technology Platform by Tamás Váradi .................................................................................................119 Book reviews ..........................................................................................................122 Lingua Americana Revista de Linguistica reviewed by Judith Rosenhouse ...........122 Sánchez Miret, Fernando: La diptongación en las lenguas románicas reviewed by José María García Martín ..............................................................................124 Daniel Jones (edited by Peter Roach, James Hartman and Jane Setter): Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary reviewed by Wiktor Jassem .............................130 Watson, Janet C.E.: The phonology and morphology of Arabic reviewed by Judith Rosenhouse ...............................................................................................134 Richard V. Teschner & M. Stanley Whitley: Pronouncing English reviewed by Wiktor Jassem .....................................................................................................138 Daniel Schreier: Consonant change in English worldwide. Synchrony meets diachrony reviewed by Judith Rosenhouse ..........................................................141 Jeroen van de Weijer, Kensuke Nanjo, Tetsuo Nishihara (eds.): Voicing in Japanese reviewed by Eric Rosen ........................................................................144 Gábor Olaszy: Mássalhangzó-kapcsolódások a magyar beszédben [Consonant Clusters in Hungarian Speech] reviewed by Péter Siptár ...................................150 Hangid ıtartamok és id ıszerkezeti elemek a magyar beszédben [Sound durations and temporal factors in Hungarian speech] reviewed by Kálmán Abari .............152 Jacob Benesty, M. M. Sondhi and Yiteng Huang (eds.): Handbook of speech processing reviewed by Eduardo López Gonsalo ................................................154 Meetings, conferences and workshops.................................................................156 Call for papers .......................................................................................................176 Instructions for book reviewers ...........................................................................176 ISPhS Membership Application Form................................................................177 News on Dues .........................................................................................................178 5 FROM THE PRESIDENT A new double issue of the Phonetician is now ready. Our guest editors, Géza Németh and Gábor Olaszy, have done an excellent job! I am extremely grateful for their hard work in putting this issue together. They have brought together a fine group of researchers, who have shared their expertise with us in the area of speech technology. This issue offers both traditional research papers, as well as articles describing practical applications of speech technology research. There is even a section on tools that involve speech technology. I particularly enjoyed reading about the applications involving medicine, voice analysis, and pronunciation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dictionary Users Do Look up Frequent Words. a Logfile Analysis
    Erschienen in: Müller-Spitzer, Carolin (Hrsg.): Using Online Dictionaries. Berlin/ Boston: de Gruyter, 2014. (Lexicographica: Series Maior 145), S. 229-249. Alexander Koplenig, Peter Meyer, Carolin Müller-Spitzer Dictionary users do look up frequent words. A logfile analysis Abstract: In this paper, we use the 2012 log files of two German online dictionaries (Digital Dictionary of the German Language1 and the German Version of Wiktionary) and the 100,000 most frequent words in the Mannheim German Reference Corpus from 2009 to answer the question of whether dictionary users really do look up fre- quent words, first asked by de Schryver et al. (2006). By using an approach to the comparison of log files and corpus data which is completely different from that of the aforementioned authors, we provide empirical evidence that indicates - contra - ry to the results of de Schryver et al. and Verlinde/Binon (2010) - that the corpus frequency of a word can indeed be an important factor in determining what online dictionary users look up. Finally, we incorporate word dass Information readily available in Wiktionary into our analysis to improve our results considerably. Keywords: log file, frequency, corpus, headword list, monolingual dictionary, multi- lingual dictionary Alexander Koplenig: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, +49-(0)621-1581- 435, [email protected] Peter Meyer: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, +49-(0)621-1581-427, [email protected] Carolin Müller-Spitzer: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, R 5, 6-13, 68161 Mannheim, +49-(0)621-1581- 429, [email protected] Introduction We would like to Start this chapter by asking one of the most fundamental questions for any general lexicographical endeavour to describe the words of one (or more) language(s): which words should be included in a dictionary? At first glance, the answer seems rather simple (especially when the primary objective is to describe a language as completely as possible): it would be best to include every word in the dictionary.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of the Peculiarities of the Vietnamese Alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt
    The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet André-Georges Haudricourt To cite this version: André-Georges Haudricourt. The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet. Mon-Khmer Studies, 2010, 39, pp.89-104. halshs-00918824v2 HAL Id: halshs-00918824 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00918824v2 Submitted on 17 Dec 2013 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Published in Mon-Khmer Studies 39. 89–104 (2010). The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet by André-Georges Haudricourt Translated by Alexis Michaud, LACITO-CNRS, France Originally published as: L’origine des particularités de l’alphabet vietnamien, Dân Việt Nam 3:61-68, 1949. Translator’s foreword André-Georges Haudricourt’s contribution to Southeast Asian studies is internationally acknowledged, witness the Haudricourt Festschrift (Suriya, Thomas and Suwilai 1985). However, many of Haudricourt’s works are not yet available to the English-reading public. A volume of the most important papers by André-Georges Haudricourt, translated by an international team of specialists, is currently in preparation. Its aim is to share with the English- speaking academic community Haudricourt’s seminal publications, many of which address issues in Southeast Asian languages, linguistics and social anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • SSC: the Science of Talking
    SSC: The Science of Talking (for year 1 students of medicine) Week 3: Sounds of the World’s Languages (vowels and consonants) Michael Ashby, Senior Lecturer in Phonetics, UCL PLIN1101 Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology A Lecture 4 page 1 Vowel Description Essential reading: Ashby & Maidment, Chapter 5 4.1 Aim: To introduce the basics of vowel description and the main characteristics of the vowels of RP English. 4.2 Definition of vowel: Vowels are produced without any major obstruction of the airflow; the intra-oral pressure stays low, and vowels are therefore sonorant sounds. Vowels are normally voiced. Vowels are articulated by raising some part of the tongue body (that is the front or the back of the tongue notnot the tip or blade) towards the roof of the oral cavity (see Figure 1). 4.3 Front vowels are produced by raising the front of the tongue towards the hard palate. Back vowels are produced by raising the back of the tongue towards the soft palate. Central vowels are produced by raising the centre part of the tongue towards the junction of the hard and soft palates. 4.4 The height of a vowel refers to the degree of raising of the relevant part of the tongue. If the tongue is raised so as to be close to the roof of the oral cavity then a close or high vowel is produced. If the tongue is only slightly raised, so that there is a wide gap between its highest point and the roof of the oral cavity, then an open or lowlowlow vowel results.
    [Show full text]
  • PROWORD (Procedure WORD) There Are Many Users of Prowords
    PROWORD (PROcedure WORD) There are many users of ProWords, Armed Forces, Aviation, Commercial & Recreational boat traffic & Amateur Radio In addition to the obvious list of environments you will find “codes”, that are used to convey special meanings, in private (business) nets or Policing (10-? codes). The following is a list of sources that have been used . This list is not all encompassing but comprises a list of prowords that will be understood by most of the radio operators you will encounter. Be flexible when DX-ing. English-Canadian may not be their first language. The goal is to communicate. Source Documents 1. Generally I like the US Coastguard Radiotelephone Handbook Appendix B https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/ CGTTP_6-01_1A_Radiotelephone_Handbook-%20508%20compliant%20v2.pdf 2. The RAC-ARES Operations Training manual is “reasonable” but contains prowords with duplicate meanings. http://wp.rac.ca/wp-content/uploads/files/ares/ ARES%20Complete_manual_revised%20Aug%202015.pdf 3. Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedure_word 4. Maritime Mobile Service Network Has some great examples http://www.mmsn.org/about-us/prowords.html 5. International Telecommunication Union - A valuable document https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Emergency-Telecommunications/Documents/ET- OnlineToolkit/tools/ 019%20A%20Guide%20To%20Radio%20Communications%20Standards%20For %20Emergency%20Responders.pdf ACKNOWLEDGE - Let me know you have received and understood this message AFFIRMATIVE/YES - Permission granted, or I agree ALL STATIONS - This message is for all stations BREAK - I hereby indicate the separation between portions of the message CONFIRM - My version is ... is that correct? CORRECTION or WRONG - An error has been made in this transmission (message indicated).
    [Show full text]
  • Dominance in Coronal Nasal Place Assimilation: the Case of Classical Arabic
    http://elr.sciedupress.com English Linguistics Research Vol. 9, No. 3; 2020 Dominance in Coronal Nasal Place Assimilation: The Case of Classical Arabic Zainab Sa’aida Correspondence: Zainab Sa’aida, Department of English, Tafila Technical University, Tafila 66110, Jordan. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-6957, E-mail: [email protected] Received: August 16, 2020 Accepted: Sep. 15, 2020 Online Published: Sep. 21, 2020 doi:10.5430/elr.v9n3p25 URL: https://doi.org/10.5430/elr.v9n3p25 Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate place assimilation processes of coronal nasal in classical Arabic. I hypothesise that coronal nasal behaves differently in different assimilatory situations in classical Arabic. Data of the study were collected from the Holy Quran. It was referred to Quran.com for the pronunciations and translations of the data. Data of the study were analysed from the perspective of Mohanan’s dominance in assimilation model. Findings of the study have revealed that coronal nasal shows different assimilatory behaviours when it occurs in different syllable positions. Coronal nasal onset seems to fail to assimilate a whole or a portion of the matrix of a preceding obstruent or sonorant coda within a phonological word. However, coronal nasal in the coda position shows different phonological behaviours. Keywords: assimilation, dominance, coronal nasal, onset, coda, classical Arabic 1. Introduction An assimilatory situation in natural languages has two elements in which one element dominates the other. Nasal place assimilation occurs when a nasal phoneme takes on place features of an adjacent consonant. This study aims at investigating place assimilation processes of coronal nasal in classical Arabic (CA, henceforth).
    [Show full text]
  • Tutorial 5.5 Accesstruth
    MODULE 5 - COMMUNICATION FOUNDATIONS ACCESSTRUTH TUTORIAL Phonetics 3 5.5 This tutorial continues to look at the manner of articulation of various speech sounds. Introduction In the last tutorial we started to look at manner of articulation - the type and degree of obstruction of the airflow when consonants are made. We have already looked at the oral stops and the nasal stops. In this tutorial we will look at the manner of articulation of some more types of consonants. Fricatives With all the sounds that we’ve discussed so far (the stops) there’s a brief complete obstruction of the airflow. If we bring one articulator very close to another, the airflow can pass between the two articulators but has to go through a very narrow passage, creating a kind of noise. The sounds made in this way are fricatives. Usually with fricatives the velum is raised, so that air can’t escape out of the nose, though it’s continuously passing through the narrow passage out of the mouth. English doesn’t have bilabial fricatives, though some languages, including Spanish, do. English has labiodental fricatives, where the lower lip comes close to or touches the upper front teeth; the voiceless and voiced labiodental fricatives are the initial sounds in fine and vine, the symbols for them being [f] and [v] respectively. There are two sounds in English written as <th> - as in thing and this. These are voiceless and voiced dental fricatives respectively. The IPA symbols for these are [θ] and [ð]. 1 MODULE 5 - COMMUNICATION FOUNDATIONS ACCESSTRUTH English also has voiced and voiceless alveolar fricatives, as in the words sue and zoo - here we bring the tip or blade of the tongue very close to the alveolar ridge - and the symbols for them are [s] and [z].
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Adverbials in the Verbal Production of Malay ESL Learners: a Processability Approach
    THE USE OF ADVERBIALS IN THE VERBAL PRODUCTION 1 LSP International Journal, Vol. 4, Issue 1, 2017, 1–22 © Universiti Teknologi Malaysia E-ISSN 2289–3199 / ISSN 0128–732X The Use of Adverbials in the Verbal Production of Malay ESL Learners: A Processability Approach Wan Nur Asyura Wan Adnan Language Academy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jln Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Maskanah Mohammad Lotfie Kulliyyah of IRKHS, International Islamic University Malaysia, 53100, Gombak, Malaysia ABSTRACT This study investigates the development of verbal usage of adverbials by Malay ESL learners at the tertiary level. It aims to find out the developmental differences between low and intermediate learners’ acquisition of adverbials. Using Processability Theory (Pienemann, 1998; 2005) and taxanomy of adverbials (Celce-Murcia & Larsen-Freeman, 1999) as the frameworks, this study explains the extent to which Malay ESL learners at the tertiary level have developed their use of English adverbials. For data collection purposes, a picture-cued task was administered on 60 Malay ESL students in which they were required to elicit each process in each picture. The results indicate that, in terms of their use of adverbials, most of the Malay ESL students from both proficiency levels were considered to have reached Stage 6 of the Processability Theory developmental stages and only a number of elementary level students were found to have only reached Level 2. The findings suggest that ESL practitioners should follow the developmental routes suggested by the Processability Theory in teaching grammar components to students. Keywords: L2 processing, adverbials, Malay ESL learners, tertiary level, verbal production 1.0 INTRODUCTION It is suggested that in the process of learning a second language, there is a developmental sequence of every linguistic feature (Pienemann, 1998) and the sequence that L2 learners follow is not substantially affected by classroom instruction although the progress may be facilitated by form- focused instruction (Lightbown & Spada, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Overview: the Functions of Zarb
    Zarb Teaching Toolbar, Version 4.1 1 OVERVIEW: THE FUNCTIONS OF ZARB Here you can see all Zarb functions in order of appearance in the menus and toolbars. Double-click the green entries to move to the corresponding chapter within this document. Menu and Toolbar Zarb 1 Menu and Toolbar Zarb 2 General gap functions Puzzle functions Letters Crosswords Letter groups Crisscross puzzle Word beginning / word end Wordsearch puzzle Word construction Acrostic Cloze text Change puzzle size Gaps Hidden-letter fonts Gaps - solutions added Cryptogram Gaps from list Every second letter Gaps - inner letters Rearrangement Functions Gaps - punctuation Word backwards Alter gap form Word backwards with gap Language-specific functions Word backwards without gap Basic vocabulary Text backwards Infinitives Anagram Gaps - parts of speech Scramble word with gap English irregular Verbs Scramble word without gap Dutch irregular verbs Scramble inner letters German irregular verbs Scramble sentence Conjugate German verbs Scramble text Antonyms Word chain Synonyms Mistake text Thesaurus analysis Capitals only Help Functions Lower-case only Generate / edit word list Fun formats Check against word list Diverse Exercises Word frequency Word form exercise Character-set tables Matching exercise Insert header Multiple choice Paste text from the web Flash cards Remove hidden text Generate flash cards Transform table Help and Information Zarb manual Zarb overview About Zarb © Copyright 2008 Hans Zybura. All rights reserved. Zarb Teaching Toolbar, Version 4.1 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
    [Show full text]
  • STUDIES in LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGY an Object-Oriented Computer Model of Morphophonological Aspects of Dutch
    KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN DEPARTEMENT LINGUISTIEK STUDIES IN LANGUAGE TECHNOLOGY An Object-Oriented Computer Model of Morphophonological Aspects of Dutch WALTER DAELEMANS Proefschrift aangeboden ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor in de Letteren en de Wijsbegeerte Promotor: Prof. Dr. F. G. Droste Co-promotor: Prof. Dr. G. A. M. Kempen Leuven, 3 april 1987 SAMENVATTING Het menselijke taalgedrag kan worden opgevat als een op kennis gebaseerde probleemoplossende activiteit. Wanneer een mens de relatie legt tussen betekenis en klank en vice versa, dan voert hij een aantal, meestal onbewuste, redeneerprocessen op een aantal kennisbronnen uit. We kunnen deze vaardigheid simuleren (of imiteren) door computermodellen te bouwen waarbij de nodige kennis door datastructuren wordt gerepresenteerd, en processen door programma's die van deze datastructuren gebruik maken. Voordelen van deze aanpak zijn aan de ene kant consistentie en volledigheid (voor de theoretische taalkunde), en aan de andere kant nuttige applicaties (voor de toegepaste taalkunde). In deze dissertatie proberen we enkele aspecten van het menselijke taalgedrag op deze computationele manier te benaderen. We gaan uit van een kort overzicht van verschillende disciplines die op een of andere manier een relatie leggen tussen de studie van de taal en de computerwetenschap. We richten ons daarbij vooral op de doelstellingen en de methodologie van de taaltechnologie, het deel van de computerlinguistiek dat zich bezig houdt met toepassingen. We proberen aan te tonen dat het paradigma van het objectgericht programmeren uitstekend geschikt is om linguistische kennis en processen te representeren. Alle programmeerparadigma's zijn equivalent omdat de programma's die zij genereren uiteindelijk allemaal Turing-machine berekenbaar zijn, maar voor de programmeur (en dus ook voor de programmerende taalkundige) zijn ze verschillend omdat ze verschillende metaforen suggereren om het probleemdomein te conceptualiseren.
    [Show full text]
  • Lingua Franca Nova English Dictionary
    Lingua Franca Nova English Dictionary 16 October 2012 http://lfn.wikia.com/ http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/lfn/ http://purl.org/net/lfn/disionario/ 1 Lingua Franca Nova (LFN) is an auxiliary constructed language created by Dr C George Boeree of Shippensburg University, Pennsylvania. This is a printable copy of the master dictionary held online at http://purl.org/net/lfn/disionario/. A printable English–LFN dictionary can be downloaded from the same location. Abbreviations ABBR = abbreviation ADJ = adjective ADV = adverb BR = British English COMP = compound word (verb + noun) CONJ = conjunction DET = determiner INTERJ = interjection N = noun NUM = numeral PL = plural PREF = prefix PRENOM = prenominal (used before a noun) PREP = preposition PREVERB = preverbal (used before a verb) PRON = pronoun SUF = suffix US = American English V = verb VI = intransitive verb VT = transitive verb Indicators such as (o-i) and (e-u) mark words in which two vowels do not form a diphthong in normal pronunciation. 2 termination; aborta natural V miscarry; N miscarriage; A abortada ADJ abortive; ADV abortively; abortiste N abortionist; antiabortiste ADJ N antiabortionist A N A (letter, musical note) abracadabra! INTERJ abracadabra! hocus-pocus! a PREP at, in, on (point in space or time); to (movement); abrasa VT embrace, hug; clamp; N embrace, hug; abrasa toward, towards, in the direction of (direction); to ursin N bear hug; abrasable ADJ embraceable, (recipient) huggable; abrasador N clamp; abrasador fisada N vise a INTERJ ah, aha (surprise, sudden realization,
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from the King’S Research Portal At
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from the King’s Research Portal at https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/ An investigation into progress of second language in use through student responses to a task-based course set within an EAP context Jones, Carys Lloyd The copyright of this thesis rests with the author and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. END USER LICENCE AGREEMENT Unless another licence is stated on the immediately following page this work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the work Under the following conditions: Attribution: You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Non Commercial: You may not use this work for commercial purposes. No Derivative Works - You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. Any of these conditions can be waived if you receive permission from the author. Your fair dealings and other rights are in no way affected by the above. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact [email protected] providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 03. Oct. 2021 An Investigation into Progress of Second Language in Use through Student Responses to a Task-based Course set within an EAP Context Carys Lloyd Jones VOl- r Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD of the University of London, King's College London, Department of Education and Professional Studies October 2002 ABSTRACT This study investigates students' progress in using their second language in response to an integrated-skills, task-based course within an English-for-Specific-Academic-Purposes setting.
    [Show full text]
  • Shifts in Gestural Timing As the Basis for Non-Coronal Fricative Mergers In
    1 Shifts in gestural timing as the basis for non-coronal fricative mergers in 2 Southwestern Mandarin: acoustic evidence from a dialect island 3 4 Dongmei Raoa,b, Jason A. Shawb,* 5 6 *Corresponding author: [email protected], Tel: +1 47 5441 2015 7 a School of Literature and Journalism, Xihua University, Chengdu, 610075 Sichuan, China 8 b Department of Linguistics, Yale University, New Haven, 06511 Connecticut, USA 9 Abstract 10 Merger between a voiceless labiodental fricative, /f/, and a voiceless velar fricative, /x/, is 11 common across languages, including many dialects of Chinese, particularly varieties of 12 Southwest Mandarin. The sound changes that lead to merger in Southwest Mandarin dialects 13 are bidirectional: in some, /f/ becomes /x/; in others /x/ becomes /f/. We conducted a study of 14 phonetic variation in one such dialect, Zhongjiang Chinese, which has been reported to merge 15 /x/ to /f/ in the environment of /w/. Our results confirm this basic pattern while revealing 16 additional nuances, including a new environment for merger, /_oŋ/, and new phonetic details. 17 In particular, /f/ exhibits a wide range of spectral variation, including tokens with a low 18 frequency spectral peak, characteristic of a velar constriction. We interpret the pattern of 19 spectral variation for /f/ in the Zhongjiang dialect evidence for a secondary velar articulation, 20 /fˠ/. This result sheds new light on bidirectional sound change, as both directions of change, 21 /fˠ/→/xw/ and /xw/→/fˠ/, can be understood in terms of the same mechanism, shifts in the 22 relative timing of labial and dorsal gestural components of the fricatives.
    [Show full text]