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Poetry Compare and Contrast

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Poetry Compare and Contrast POETRY COMPARE AND CONTRAST Poetry Prose A type of literature A type of literature Appeals to the heart Appeals to head Appeals to Logical emotions/feelings Uses verses/stanzas Uses sentences/ Ideas are expressed in paragraphs shorter, more Ideas expressed using powerful form a lot more words POETRY TERMS Poetry A written expression of ideas in a concentrated, imaginative, and rhythmical terms Sound and meaning of words are combined to express feelings, thoughts, and ideas The poet chooses words carefully Poetry is usually written in lines Usually contains rhyme and a specific meter, but does not have to Stanza A division of a poem based on the form Named and numbered by the number of verses they contain Couplet: 2 lines Tercet: 3 lines Quatrain: 4 lines Cinquain: 5 lines Sestet: 6 lines Verse One line of poetry Three kinds based on rhyme and meter Rhymed verse- Verse with end rhyme and regular meter Blank verse- No end rhyme but a definite meter Free verse- No end rhyme and no meter Diction Poet’s distinctive choices in vocabulary Form Refers to the shape of the poem, the way the words and lines are arranged on the page Speaker The imaginary voice assumed by the writer of the poem The poet Human character Object or animal More than one speaker Rhyme The likeness of sound existing between two or more words Words do not have to be spelled the same to be considered rhyming This is the most common sound device in poetry End rhyme- Same sound at the end of the verse Hat and cat Cloud and allowed Internal rhyme- Same sound within a verse Near or slant rhyme- Words that appear to rhyme, but don’t Great and treat These words are assigned the same rhyme scheme letter A, B, C, etc Rhyme Scheme The pattern/sequence in which rhyme occurs. Uses the letters of the alphabet to show pattern Meter A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables Stressed Emphasized word part Unstressed Un-emphasized word part Angel- AN-gel (not an-GEL) Complete- com-PLETE (not COM-plete) Foot A group pf syllables constructing a metrical unit consisting of stressed and unstressed syllables da DUM da DUM da DUM FIVE MAIN PATTERNS FOR FEET Iambic 1 unstressed syllable followed by 1 stressed syllable Repose (re- POSE) Belief (be-LIEF) Complete (com- PLETE) Trochaic 1 stressed syllable followed by 1 unstressed syllable Garland (GAR- land) Speaking (SPEAK- ing) Value (VAL- ue) Anapestic 2 unstressed syllables followed by 1 stressed syllable On the road Interrupt (in-ter-RUPT) Unabridged (un-a-BRIDGED) Dactylic 1 stressed syllable followed by 2 unstressed syllables Happiness (HAP-pi-ness) Galloping (GAL-lop-ing) Spondaic All syllables have equal stress Heartbreak “Out, out…” Heartburn COMBINATIONS OF POETIC FEET Monometer: 1 foot per line Dimeter: 2 feet per line Trimeter: 3 feet per line Tetrameter: 4 feet per line Pentameter: 5 feet per line Hexameter: 6 feet per line TYPE + NUMBER = METER Type of Feet Number of feet per Line Iambic Monometer Trochaic Diameter Anapestic Trimeter Dactylic Tetrameter Spondaic Pentameter Hexameter STRESSED syllable Unstressed syllable Meter: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER - Unstressed followed by stressed = Iambic - Four feet per line = Tetrameter - Therefore: Iambic Tetrameter Whose woods these are I think I know. A His house is in the village, though; A Stanza He will not see me stopping here B To watch his woods fill up with snow. A My little horse must think it queer B To stop without a farmhouse near B Between the woods and frozen lake C The darkest evening of the year. B He gives his harness bells a shake C To ask if there is some mistake. C The only other sounds the sweep D Of easy wind and downy flake. C The woods are lovely, dark, and deep, D But I have promises to keep, D And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. D D Verse/Line POETIC DEVICES Alliteration Deliberate repetition of consonant sounds Black gloves, a broad black hat Assonance Deliberate repetition of vowel sounds And so, all the night-tide, I lie down by the side Consonance The repetition o final consonant sounds in stressed syllables with different vowel sounds Hat and sit Tone The poet’s attitude toward the subject Mood Atmosphere of a piece of writing The emotions a selection arouses in a reader Trailer Horror Rhyme Repetition of the same sounds Rhyming couplet A pair of lines whose end rhyme expresses one clear thought Rhythm The internal feel of beat and meter perceived when poetry is read aloud Figurative language Writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally Simile Metaphor Hyperbole Personification Metaphor A comparison not using the word like or as He is a snake Simile A comparison using the word like or as She is like a rose Hyperbole An exaggeration fro dramatic effect I am so hungry, I could eat a horse Personification Attribution of human motives or behaviors to impersonal agencies (non-humans) The stars danced in the sky Onomatopoeia Use of words resembling the sounds they mean Buzz, woof, bang, slurp Echo/Repetition Repetition of key word or idea Creates a pattern Increases rhythm Imagery Using words to create pictures (images) in your mind Appeals to the five senses Sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell Oxymoron A seeming contradiction by putting two words together Jumbo shrimp Allusion A reference to a well-known person, place, event, or artistic work ‘Christy didn’t like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities. Refers to Scrooge, the famous penny-pinching character of Charles Dickens’ classic novel A Christmas Carol Harry Potter Roman mythology Remus Lupin • The founders of Rome, Romulus and Remus, were said to be raised by wolves, which Remus’ name and anamagus form allude to. Also, in The Deathly Hallows, his codename is Romulus, another direct allusion to this Greek mythology Fluffy, the three-headed dog guarding the Sorcerer's Stone in The Sorcerer's Stone • Mythological creature Cerberus: a three-headed dog that guarded the Underworld • Greek hero Orpheus was able to put Cerberus to sleep by playing music on his lyre Fluffy’s weakness is music • Hagrid claims to have purchased Fluffy from a Greek man AUTHOR’S PURPOSE o The poet has an “author’s purpose” when he writes a poem. The purpose can be to: Share feelings (joy, sadness, anger, fear, loneliness) Tell a story Send a message (theme - something to think about) Be humorous Provide description* (e.g., person, object, concept) TYPES OF POEMS NARRATIVE POETRY Narrative Poetry The Highwayman Poetry that tells a story Follows the plot diagram of narrative literature LYRIC POETRY Lyric Poetry Poetry that is written in highly musical language that expresses the thoughts, observations, and feelings of a single speaker TANKA Tanka A verse form poem with five unrhymed lines of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables Conveys a single vivid Beautiful mountains emotion Rivers with cold, cold water. White cold snow on rocks Trees over the place with frost White sparkly snow everywhere. LIMERICK Limerick A funny five line poem Lines 1, 2, and 5 rhyme Lines 3 and 4 rhyme There Seems to Be a Problem Lines 3 and 4 are I really don’t know about Jim. shorter When he comes to our farm for a swim, The fish as a rule, Line 5 refers back to line 1 jump out of the pool. Is there something the matter with him? By John Ciardi CONCRETE POEM Concrete Poem Can also be called a shape poem Written in the shape of its subject HAIKU Haiku A Japanese poem form Written in three lines of five, seven, and five syllables Captures a moment in Little frog among time rain-shaken leaves, are you, too, splashed with fresh, green paint? by Gaki COUPLET Couplet Poem written in two lines Usually rhymes The Jellyfish By Ogden Nash Who wants my jellyfish? I’m not sellyfish! TERCET Tercet Poem written in three lines Usually rhymes Lines 1 and 2 can rhyme Lines 1 and 3 can Winter Moon By Langston Hughes rhyme How thin and sharp is the moon tonight! Sometimes all three lines rhyme How thin and sharp and ghostly white Is the slim curved crook of the moon tonight! QUATRAIN Quatrain The Lizard By John Gardner The lizard is a timid thing A poem written in four That cannot dance or fly or sing; lines He hunts for bugs beneath the floor Most common stanza And longs to be a dinosaur. used in poetry Usually rhymes Can be written in a variety of rhyming patterns CINQUAIN Cinquain Poem written in five lines Does not rhyme Contains 22 syllables Line 1 = 2 syllables Line 2 = 4 syllables Oh, cat Line 3 = 6 syllables are you grinning Line 4 = 8 syllables curled in the window seat Line 5 = 2 syllables as sun warms you this December morning? By Paul B. Janezco FREE VERSE Revenge Free Verse When I find out Poem that does not who took use rhyme or pattern the last cooky Can vary in length, out of the jar stanzas, and subject and left matter me a bunch of stale old messy crumbs, I'm going to take me a handful and crumb up someone's bed. By Myra Cohn Livingston Blank Verse Poem written with a regular meter Almost always iambic pentameter Does not rhyme Villanelle A nineteen line lyric poem Written in five three line stanzas and ending in a four line stanza Sonnet A lyric poem consisting of fourteen lines Written in three four line stanzas called quatrains and ending with two rhymed lines known as a couplet TPCASTT Getting Started… •This is a process to help you organize your analysis of poetry.
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