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Download Article (PDF) Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 321 II International Scientific-Practical Conference "Psychology of Extreme Professions" (ISPCPEP 2019) Subjective Assessment of the Quality of Life of Specialists working in the Arctic Economic Zone in Yakutia Aida Egorova Valentina Davydova Department of Psychology Department of Psychology North-Eastern Federal University North-Eastern Federal University Yakutsk, Russia Yakutsk, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Abstract The article describes the main aspects of the Purpose of the study: is to study the subjective subjective assessment of the quality of life by highly assessment of the quality of life of highly qualified qualified specialists living in the Arctic economic zone of specialists working in the Arctic zone. Yakutia, some differences were revealed in the assessments of the quality of life and factors affecting the II. METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH METHODS subjective satisfaction and psychological well-being of Quality of life is understood as an individual's people in the Western and Eastern economic zones. In assessment of the totality of the conditions of his physical, general, among representatives of the AEZ, the overall mental, social well-being and as the category, which is assessment of the quality of life corresponds to the characterizing the parameters of life potential and living average level. The subjective assessment of the quality of conditions, which includes objective (living standard of a life of specialists working in the Arctic depends on the particular person) and subjective parameters (degree of relationship with people and colleagues around them, on satisfaction of his needs and value structures). There are the nature and content of the work performed, and on demographic, social, psychological, physical, and spiritual- the degree of readiness to work in the Arctic. related parameters [1]. The category of "quality of life" in psychological research is associated with such intangible, Keywords: Arctic, quality of life, subjective subjective aspects of human life as happiness, satisfaction assessment, Yakutia. with life, subjective well-being. T.N. Savchenko and G.M. Golovina understand the subjective components of quality I. INTRODUCTION of life as the degree of satisfaction of the needs of an The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is the largest individual and value structures of different levels. [2] region in the Russian Federation, with the population fewer The quality of life was assessed according to the than 1 million people, accordingly, it has one of the lowest following scales: “work and professional career” (10 population density in the country. The administrative- points); "Love, family and children"; “Material and housing territorial structure is represented by 34 municipal districts, condition” (5 points); “Physical comfort, sleep, health and 2 urban districts, 48 urban settlements and 361 rural nutrition” (6 points); “Assessment of the environment, settlements. In spatial terms, the territorial structure of the climatic conditions, environmental situation” (4 points) and republic’s economy is formed by districts (uluses), united “overall satisfaction with the quality of life”. into economic zones, large territorial entities that are To study the self-assessment of the quality of life distinguished by their administrative-territorial community, of highly qualified specialists, was used a modified scale geographical proximity, similarity of climatic conditions, based on questionnaires assessing the quality of life by Z.F. stability of borders, common transport and energy Dudchenko and “Assessment of the level of satisfaction infrastructure, and a distinct specialization of the economy with the quality of life” by N.E. Vodopyanova, a based on the use of the natural and socio-economic questionnaire to identify the motivation and factors affecting conditions of the territory, the presence of common job readiness in the Arctic. economic, social and cultural ties. There are 5 economic Statistical data processing was carried out using the zones: central (CEZ), western (WEZ), eastern (EEZ), non-parametric criterion "angular Fisher transformation" southern (SEZ) and arctic (AEZ), each of which has its own and correlation analysis[3] [4]. characteristics, competitive advantages and socio-economic The object of the research is specialists working in problems. the Arctic, Central and Western zones of the republic. The The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) is distinguished sample size in the Arctic was 208 people. by extreme climatic conditions, inaccessibility of Each economic zone differs significantly by the settlements, insufficient development of the energy and main socio-economic indicators and social conditions, transport system. uneven distribution of the population, income level, Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 34 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 321 accessibility of transport and infrastructure development: propor ty, which yment. tion of ensures low population density, remoteness and transport the constant inaccessibility of AEZ and EEZ, narrow specialization reside reliable dominated by extractive industries, insufficiently developed nt communic popula ation with production WEZ and SEZ, agricultural orientation CEZ and tion. other high concentration of the population in the capital. The regions of population between economic zones is unequal in the country composition, there is an imbalance in the distribution of and labor resources, its oversupply in the WEZ and CEZ and its creates lack in EEZ and AEZ. If the representatives of the ethnic conditions for the majority - Yakuts and Russians - are in a relatively developm favorable position, then the level and quality of life of ent of the representatives of indigenous peoples differs significantly. resources of the [5] [6]. macroregi on. A The features of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) economic high proportion zones of Table 1 resident Centra Southern Western Eastern Arctic populatio l (SEZ) (WEZ) (EEZ) (AEZ) n, high (CEZ) employme Proporti 50,8% 13,1% 25% 3,4% 7,7% nt and on of the (30,8 relatively populati % in low on Yakuts unemploy k) ment. Ethnic Yakuts Russians Yakuts Russian Yakuts Socio- High High Socio- Socio- composit (62,8 (78,4%), (47,1%), s (47,93%), economi concen unemploy economi economic ion %), Ukrainian Russians (49,9%), Russians c tration ment rate. c indicators Russia s (5,32%), (39,3%), Yakuts (19,4%), problem of indicato are lower ns Yakuts Ukrainian (27,7%), Indigenou s popula rs are than in (26,8 (2,9%) s Indigen s peoples tion in lower other %) (25,82%) ous (27,5%) the than in zones. peoples capital other There is (11,1%) . areas no Agricult Industr Developm Center Mining Selective except complexit ural y and ent of for of developm AEZ. y of the specializ buildin gold and diamond mineral ent of The low economy, ation g coal mining deposits minerals, proporti there is no materi deposits, and oil : gold, mining of on of transport als, energy and gas silver, diamonds, the connectio service industry. productio tungsten gold, coal, resident n between busine n, focal populati the ss, hydropo distributio on, the districts. agro- wer, as n of shortage Low industr well as industrial of populatio ial wood productio manpow n density, produc processin n, er lack of tion g and traditional (highly cities, and agricultur forms of qualifie lack of agricul al nature d labor ture. developm managem specialis resources ent ent ts) (highly (reindeer qualified herding, specialists hunting ). and Centra Southern Western Eastern Arctic fishing) l (SEZ) (WEZ) (EEZ) (AEZ) Competi Within The share High The High (CEZ) tive the of performa presence proportion Proporti 50,8% 13,1% 25% 3,4% 7,7% advantag econo industry nce of of large of the on of the (30,8 es mic in the organizati mineral resident populati % in zone, economy ons for deposits populatio on Yakuts the reaches financial : gold, n, the k) differe 85%. The results. antimon representa ntiatio key role The high y, tion of all n of in proportio silver- five socio- economic n of the polymet indigenou The ethnic composition and cultural diversity of the econo developm resident allic, s peoples. mic ent is populatio copper- region has been shaped over many centuries. The main trend indicat played by n. tungsten of inter-ethnic relations is the gradual increase in the foreign ors is the deposits. ethnic component, which affects the processes of not availabilit The expres y of the relativel intercultural assimilation and integration, and the growth of sed. railway, y low ethnocentrism among the local population. From more than The transport level of 130 ethnic groups, the predominant in quantitative terms are high accessibili unemplo 35 Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 321 Yakuts 48.7%, Russians second, 36.9%, Ukrainians third, “environment, climatic conditions and ecological situation”, 2.12%, Tatars - 0.84%, Buryats 0.73%, Kyrgyz 0 , 52%, the “material and housing conditions”. As it is known, the share of all indigenous peoples is 4.16%, most of them are Oimyakon ulus in the republic is considered the “cold pole”, represented in the AEZ (27.5%) and EEZ (11.1%). Yakuts the village is surrounded by high mountains and since predominate in almost all zones except the SEZ (less than November the sunlight does not penetrate through clouds, 3%) and EEZ (27.74%), Russians predominate in the SEZ fog and mountain tops. (about 80%) and EEZ (49.9%), Ukrainians in the SEZ and If we consider the differences in the selected areas, EEZ (4% and 5%, respectively) [7]. between the high assessment of the quality of life among Compared to 2002, the number of Yakuts increased specialists working in the Anabarsky and Oymyakonsky by 7.9%, the Evenks - by 15.2%, the Evens - by 29.3%, the districts, in general we found them statistically significant Dolgans - by 49.8%, the Yukagirs - by 16.8%, the Chukchi - ( =1,758, with р≤0.05).
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