ForFor thethe PeoplePeople A N e w s l e t t e r o f t h e A b r a h a m L i n c o l n A s s o c i a t i o n Volume 1, Number 4 Winter, 1999 Springfield, Illinois

Will the Real Jack Kelso Please Stand Up? by Mary Turner * anced: Lincoln “loved to go fishing description by adding that Kelso with Jack Kelso, one of those peculiar, “knew the wild plums grew largest and ell-educated, fat, lazy, reli- impractical geniuses—well educated, a the wild grapes thickest, and was an able, utterly worthless, lover of nature, with the soul of a poet adept at coursing the honey bee and Whappy, and impractical and all of a poet’s impracticability, and robbing a bee tree of its honey. . . . No genius—all of these words have been who could ‘recite Shakespeare and one at New Salem lived better than he, used in the literature on Abraham Burns by the hour.’” Kelso and his nor was any family more forehanded. Lincoln to describe John “Jack” Kelso. wife had no children. To make a liv- He led a happy and contented life.” T. Just exactly who was Jack Kelso and ing, they occasionally kept a boarder, G. Onstot also commented on his con- what kind of person was he? About and Jack did odd jobs at which he was tentedness: “He had no children and the only thing all of the authors agree on is that Kelso had some degree of influence on Lincoln during his years in New Salem. He is the friend cred- ited with introducing Lincoln to the poetry of William Shakespeare and Robert Burns, amongst others. It can be documented that Kelso and his wife, Hannah Turner Kelso, came to New Salem from Adair County, Kentucky, in 1831 with Hannah’s sister Nancy and her hus- band Joshua Miller. Miller bought two lots from James Cameron and his wife, and then built a double house that the Miller and Kelso families shared. Miller also built a smithy and served as the town’s blacksmith for the nine or ten years that the two families lived in New Salem. While Miller was a trained and skilled craftsman, earning a living in a manner consistent with other crafts- men in the village, his brother-in-law The Miller/Kelso Cabins at New Salem State Historic Site Kelso was an anomaly, in some respects a throwback to the earlier exceedingly handy. He did not seek was a jolly, contented specimen of frontier period of western settlement. and could not keep any steady employ- humanity. He had no trade and was One of Miller’s grandsons believed ment. He loved to fish and to hunt ready to do a day’s work if wanted.” that Kelso had been a schoolteacher and could catch fish when others failed While Kelso’s contemporaries in New while he lived in Kentucky. It would and always had his smokehouse filled Salem portrayed him in generally pos- explain his love of poetry and owner- with venison when winter set in and a itive terms, later chroniclers of the ship of books, but there is no docu- surplus of venison hams for sale. New Salem era were not so kind. mentation to prove this. By all ac- From Kelso, Lincoln learned to appre- David Herbert Donald in Lincoln counts, Kelso did not have steady ciate and understand the finer senti- writes: “Fat, lazy Jack Kelso, for ex- employment and did not want a regu- ments and shades of poetical expres- ample, had a remarkable mastery of lar job. Thomas Reep’s description of sion and so “grew in wisdom and the writings of Burns and Shakespeare, the man seems to be the most bal- understanding.” Reep expands this continued on next page 2 For the People

14, 1840, when he and Bennett Day President’s Column debated the subject, ‘Have Congress by Donald R. Tracy the Constitutional right to reject peti- tions?’ They took the negative against their fellow members of the affirma- he global mission of the Association, 1 Old State Capitol tive, C. P. Houts and A. I. Davidson. Abraham Lincoln Association Plaza, Springfield, Illinois 62701, or The judges decided the negative won Tis threefold—to observe and email me at [email protected]. the debate; whereupon, Kelso and celebrate Lincoln’s birthday; support Thanks to Molly Becker, Georgia partner were ‘given applause.’” Lincoln landmarks; and facilitate Lin- Northrup, R-Lou Barker, Larry The New Salem literature appears coln study and scholarship. In the Newell, Scott Helmholz, Bob to be full of stories about Kelso—his past, we have done this through our Willard, and you—we have gained friendship with Lincoln, as Lincoln’s annual February 12 banquet, refur- close to two hundred new members assistant on surveying jobs, the court bishing the Old State Capitol, and this year. Let me know if you would case concerning the ownership of a publishing Lincoln scholarship, in- like to give a Christmas gift member- hog, and his penchant for reciting cluding the most important reference ship or need applications to hand out good literature. All paint him as a very ever, the eight-volume Collected Works to prospective members. Most im- colorful character. It is interesting to of Abraham Lincoln. Today, we fulfill portant, please renew your member- note that in Herndon’s Informants: our mission by continuing the Feb- ship and consider upgrading your Letters, Interviews, and Statements about ruary 12 banquet, supporting the Ab- membership level to help us finance Abraham Lincoln, Kelso is listed in the raham Lincoln Presidential Library, expanded activities such as this index eleven times and Miller’s name and making the Collected Works and newsletter. does not appear. Lincoln Day By Day accessible to the Thanks also go out to Dr. Robert If contemporary primary sources entire world through our web page. Eckley for his expertise and enthusi- are checked, Kelso appears to have The question now, however, is asm in helping us establish an endow- been a conscientious citizen. He voted what should our future be? That is- ment; to Greg Walbert for his in almost every election while he lived sue will be the focus of a board of redesigning our banquet invitation; at New Salem. He served on juries directors’ retreat on February 13. and to Jim Patton for all of his extra and witnessed deeds. He also served One suggestion that has already work, necessitated by the relocation as an appraiser for livestock found on received considerable attention is a of the banquet from the Renaissance someone else’s land, and in March of proposal to revise the Collected Works Springfield Hotel to the National 1840, he served on an official panel to include Lincoln writings found City Bank atrium. that judged that the site for the new since its publication in 1953 and Please send your banquet reserva- dam on the Sangamon River would incoming correspondence. If you tions in early this year and bring some threaten “no dwelling house, out have any suggestions for specific friends. We would like to have as house, garden or orchard,” according goals and objectives for the Associa- many people as possible experience to the Menard County Commissioners tion as we approach the 200th the enjoyment of a grand banquet records. When William Greene, anniversary of Lincoln’s birth, please and an outstanding speaker—Doris another New Salem inhabitant, write to me at the Abraham Lincoln Kearns Goodwin. responded to questions from William Herndon, he remembered that “Kelso came to Salem in the year 1828 continued from previous page Hannah “made a baby of him [Kelso] remained there some 8 or 9 years then which he could recite by the hour.” and did practically all the work and he moved [to] Mo. . . . [He] is an excel- Albert Beveridge was even less compli- seemed willing for her to do it for he lent reliable man.” These hardly seem mentary. In a footnote he states: was not fond of work.” the actions of the town bum or loafer. “Kelso appears to have been utterly Whatever Jack Kelso’s personal So why is there such broad inter- worthless; but it is said that he could habits and lack of ambition, his influ- pretation of Kelso’s character? He did ‘recite Shakespeare and Burns by the ence on Lincoln seems to be universal- not fit the mold of the other men of hour.’” Carl Sandburg introduces the ly recognized. They were both active New Salem. It was founded as a com- element of alcohol: “It was said that in the local debating society, and Kelso mercial center, and he was not a mer- when other men were lush from drink- joined the Petersburg Lyceum soon chant such as Sam Hill, not a profes- ing they wanted to fight but Kelso after it was formed in 1838. Pond, sional man such as either of the doc- would recite Shakespeare and Burns.” based on notes from the original tors, and he did not have a trade like Even grandnephew Henry Cook rec- records of the Lyceum, recalls Kelso’s Onstot or Miller. He chose to support ognized Kelso’s problem with physical first debate before that group: Kelso his family by hunting and gathering labor in a 1938 letter to New Salem “had his chance to try his forensic the fruit of the land much as the first researcher Fern Nance Pond: Aunt powers at a regular meeting on March continued on page 4 For the People 3

John P. Stead, Maksim Gumeni, Aida Member News Repishti, Larry Pulley, Nancy THE ABRAHAM LINCOLN ASSOCIATION MacDonald, Steven R. Koppelman, ayne C. Temple of the James E. Davis, Ralph Gray, Richard DONALD R. TRACY D. Schwartz, Bryon Andreasen, President Illinois State Archives is the recipient of the Archbishop Douglas F. Burns, David R. Reid, MOLLY BECKER W Richard Chenevix Trench Award for Eleanor H. Bussell, Dr. Jonathan B. RICHARD HART RICHARD MILLS Outstanding Public Service. It is an Greenberg, Robert H. Imhoff, Vice-Presidents international award given to only two Mitchell S. Berger, Thomas J. Booth, Thomas A. Horrocks, Tracy Elizabeth THOMAS F. S CHWARTZ individuals annually. Our congratula- Secretary tions to Dr. Temple on this notable Robinson, Sarah Greer, John R. Neff, achievement. Professor James E. John M. Cappabianca, John P. JUDITH BARRINGER Treasurer Davis of Illinois College continues to Rompon, Friedrich W. Luttje, Vernon receive laudatory reviews for his R. Fernandes, Mark O. Roberts, Frank DAN W. B ANNISTER Immediate Past-President Frontier Illinois. Michael Burlingame Thompson, Julia Jackson, Raymond of Connecticut College is the first R. Archer, Peter H. Nelson, Gerald A. Board of Directors R-Lou P. Barker Ralph G. Newman lecturer at Lincoln Heon, Dwight L. Barr, Bernard Roger D. Bridges College. The lecture series was estab- Horowitz, Dr. Allen Jayne, Robert C. Michael Burlingame lished in memory of the late Higley, Marjorie Rogers, Kevin C. Sheldon S. Cohen Linda Culver manuscript/book dealer who was a Lust, Craig C. Gilbert, Edmund J. John Daly longtime trustee of the college. The Cantilli, Vincent J. Gnoffo, Dr. Larry Brooks Davis lecture is offered in the spring and M. Newell, Dr. Gordon R. Vincent, Robert S. Eckley Paul Findley autumn. Cullom Davis, Director of Robert J. Johnson, Jr., Evelyn Krache, Donald H. Funk the Lincoln Legal Papers, is scheduled David Baker, Jack Huber, Donald Edith Lee Harris to speak sometime in March/April Bacon, Barbara J. Dale, John C. Norman D. Hellmers Earl W. Henderson, Jr. 2000. Davis was the featured speaker Fowler, Kenneth V. Buzbee, Stephen Fred B. Hoffmann at the autumn Lincoln Club of Lease, Nicky Stratton, Richard Barbara Hughett Delaware meeting. William C. Harris William Thomas, Theodore Ton- Robert W. Johannsen Lewis E. Lehrman and Harold Holzer were on a Lincoln drowski, Linda Rohleder, Timothy Susan Mogerman panel at the Southern Writer’s Festival Townsend, Dean G. Larson, Dan Georgia Northrup in Nashville televised live by C-SPAN. Cadigan, Robert W. Hoffman, and Phillip S. Paludan James W. Patton III Congratulations to Illinois State Daniel E. Kepner. We also welcome a Mark Plummer Representative Kurt Granberg for new corporate member, Hanson Gerald Prokopowicz being one of four 1999 inductees into Engineers, Inc., of Springfield. This James A. Rawley Brisbane Rouzan the Samuel K. Gove Legislative listing reflects membership received Brooks Simpson Internship Hall of Fame. Every two from April 1 through November 1, Charles B. Strozier years, the Hall of Fame inducts former 1999. Robert A. Stuart, Jr. Mrs. Louise Taper legislative interns who have gone on to John T. Trutter outstanding careers in public service. Plan to Attend! Mrs. A. D. VanMeter, Jr. We regret to report the passing of Andy VanMeter Robert Willard members Janet W. Meyer, Sally Dietz, he Abraham Lincoln Associ- Douglas L. Wilson Alice Schlipf, Mrs. Marshall Luth- ation will be celebrating the Honorary Directors ringer, and Wayne Morgan. T191st anniversary of Abraham Governor George H. Ryan Please send member news to Lincoln’s birth with their traditional Senator Richard Durbin Thomas F. Schwartz, Abraham Lin- symposium and banquet. The festivi- Senator Peter Fitzgerald coln Association, 1 Old State Capitol ties begin with book signings by Allen Congressman Ray LaHood Congressman John Shimkus Plaza, Springfield, Illinois 62701. C. Guelzo, Michael Burlingame, and Justice Benjamin K. Miller Mark S. Reinhart in the Old State Mayor Karen Hasara Capitol at 11:30. The theme of the Emeritus Directors Welcome New 2000 symposium is “Lincoln’s Rep- Willard Bunn, Jr. utation.” The speakers will be Hans L. Irving Dilliard Members James Myers Trefousse, Bruce Tap, and Bryon he Abraham Lincoln Associ- Andreasen, with comments by John Distinguished Directors Mario M. Cuomo ation is please to welcome the Sellers and Kim Matthew Bauer as John Hope Franklin Tfollowing new members: moderator. Following the symposium Garry Wills Robert Provost Jr., the Abraham will be a roundtable discussion on Lincoln Foundation of Albania, Dr. continued on page 6 4 For the People “—in short, he is married!”: A Contemporary Newspaper Account

by Thomas F. Schwartz On November 19, 1842, Winchester, why Mary Todd insisted that Lincoln Illinois’ Battle Axe, and Political cease joking about his brief encounter he autumn of 1842 witnessed Reformer ran the following story: with dueling. two major events in Lincoln’s “Linco[l]n, who was to have been Tlife—his aborted duel with flayed alive by the sword of Shields, James Shields and his marriage to has given up the notion of dueling, Mary Todd. While the two incidents and taken up one no less fatal to bach- are standard fare for any Lincoln biog- elors than the sword is to animal exis- raphy, it is unusual for them to appear tence—in short, he is married! ‘Grim in a contemporary newspaper account. visaged war hath smoothed his wrin- kled front,’ and now ‘he capers nimbly in a ladys’—don’t recollect the rest of the quotation.” The writer quotes from William Shakespeare’s King Richard III, act 1, scene 1, which begins with the famous line: “Now is the winter of our discontent.” Scene 1 continues: “Grim-visaged war hath smoothed his wrinkled front; / And now, instead of mounting barbed William Shakespeare steeds / To fright the souls of fearful adversaries, / He capers nimbly in a Will the Real Jack lady’s chamber / To the lascivious pleasing of a lute.” James Monroe Kelso Please Stand Ruggles, the editor of the Battle Axe, Up? most likely wrote the piece. After Ruggles learned the newspaper busi- continued from page 2 ness in Winchester, he moved to Bath, settlers on the prairie had done ten or Illinois, in 1846 and became a success- twenty years before New Salem had ful merchant. He was elected to the been founded. He was more a fron- Illinois Senate in 1852 as a Whig. tiersman than he was a commercial vil- Ruggles knew Lincoln through Whig lager. His activities in New Salem and politics. When Lincoln sought the the opinions of his neighbors as inter- senatorial seat in 1855, Ruggles was viewed by Herndon seem to support bedridden, suffering from severe ill- this interpretation. ness. Ruggles’s biographer, P. L. The negative interpretations of Diffenbacher, claimed that Ruggles’s Kelso’s character seem to come from loyalty to the Whig party and friend- later nineteenth- and twentieth-centu- ship with Lincoln were so strong that ry writers. When his lifestyle is viewed he “caused himself to be carried, on a through the lens of contemporary cul- cot, into the hall of representatives, ture, it seems to take on a different and there cast his vote for his party color. This frontiersman, who had leader, Mr. Lincoln, for whom he made his living hunting, fishing, and always entertained the warmest friend- trapping—doing what the typical ship and admiration.” country gentleman of 1930 or 1990 The newspaper account is unusual did for fun—was seen as lazy and in two respects—it connects the duel utterly worthless. It appears to be a and the marriage in a manner similar case of twentieth-century cultural val- to the comical nature of the terms of ues coloring the interpretation of a the Lincoln/Shields duel itself, and it nineteenth-century lifestyle. places the marriage in the context of Lincoln’s political life, not in a more * Mary Turner is the director of the reserved private sphere. Perhaps this is Illinois Association of Museums. For the People 5

Lord Lyons and Abraham Lincoln

by William C. Harris * used with great effect. It is one form White House in company with Mr. of that humor that is not uncommon Seward.” rom April, 1859, to February, in New England, especially in rural “May it please you Excellency,” 1865, Richard Bickerton Per- districts, and which, in a higher and said Lord Lyons, “I hold in my hand Fnell, Lord Lyons, served as the more cultivated development, adorns an autograph letter from my royal mis- British minister in Washington. A the pages of Holmes, Lowell, and oth- tress, Queen Victoria, which I have man of great reserve and attentive to ers of our literary men. About two been commanded to present to your diplomatic proprieties, Lord Lyons, years ago, when the Prince of Wales Excellence. In it she informs your except for official dinners or recep- was soon to marry the Princess Excellency that her son, his Royal tions, rarely came into contact with Alexandra, Queen Victoria sent a letter Highness, the Prince of Wales, is about Lincoln. His main contact with the to each of the Sovereigns, informing to contract a matrimonial alliance with administration was through Secretary them of her son’s betrothal, and her Royal Highness the Princess of State William H. Seward. Still, among the rest to President Lincoln. Alexandra, of Denmark.” Lyons occasionally and confidentially expressed an opinion of Lincoln. Upon Lincoln’s elevation to the presi- dency, Lyons dismissed him as a crude, “well-meaning,” westerner who “has not hitherto given proof of possessing any natural talents to compensate for his ignorance of anything but Illinois village politics.” Though sympathetic to Lincoln’s cause, Lyons may never have changed his opinion of the President, at least until after his mar- tyrdom. Lincoln probably found Lord Lyons cold and remote, which perhaps partly explains why he rarely sought the minister’s company. An account of a meeting at the White House between the two men on May 18, 1863, provides a glimpse of this rela- tionship and Lincoln’s refusal to take seriously Lord Lyons’s formality. The story of this meeting appeared in the Boston Watchman and was reprinted by the Cincinnati Daily Gazette on January 6, 1865. The Watchman introduced the story with a commen- tary on the president’s “fund of humor.” “Mr. Lincoln has a fund of humor, which, though not always dignified, is harmless. . . . [His humor] is ever apt and ready, and doubtless among all the wearing sorrows of his public life has H.R.H. The Prince of Wales afforded him relief when he would otherwise have broken down under his Lord Lyons, her ambassador at After continuing in this strain for heavy load. This jocoseness is some- Washington, and who, by the way, is a few minutes, Lord Lyons tendered times grim and sarcastic. It is always unmarried, requested an audience of the letter to the President and awaited playful, yet is never abusive, and sel- Mr. Lincoln that he might present this his reply. It was short, simple and dom wounds. Often it is nicely adapt- important document in person. At the expressive, and consisted simply of ed to the place and occasion, and it time appointed he was received at the continued on next page 6 For the People

Santa Abraham?

by Thomas F. Schwartz

braham Lincoln witnessed the evolution of Christmas from a Asolemn religious observance to a secular celebration using the imagery of St. Nicholas and Kris Kringle to cel- ebrate the virtues of caring for the less fortunate and exchanging gifts and good will with family, friends, and neighbors. Throughout most of Lincoln’s life, New Year celebrations were closer to the festivities that we now associate with Christmas. Secular writings such as Charles Dickens’s A Christmas Carol (1843), Clement Moore’s “A Visit from St. Nicholas,” (1823), and Kris Kringle’s Book (1842), all helped to popularize the ideas that are now generally referred to as the “spirit of Christmas.” Thomas Nast, the cartoonist who is best known for developing the visual image of Santa Claus, first presented Old Saint Nick on the cover of Harper’s Weekly on January 3, 1863, forever etching the image in the American mind. Lincoln never disclosed his own feelings about the holiday. When he lived in Springfield, he often spent “Santa Claus Visits Uncle Sam,” Phunny Phellow, December, 1863. Christmas writing letters and conduct- ing business. But artists used Lincoln Lord Lyons and and the Santa Claus image to advance Plan to Attend! the Union cause. The two cartoons, Abraham Lincoln “Santa Claus Visits Uncle Sam,” taken from Phunny Phellow, December, 1863 continued from page 3 continued from previous page (this page) , and “Santa Claus Lin- “What’s New With Lincoln?” these words: “Lord Lyons, go thou coln,” taken from Comic Monthly, Members of the panel will be Michael and do likewise.” December, 1864 (see next page), illus- Burlingame, Allen C. Guelzo, and The Watchman concluded with trate different expressions of support Mark S. Reinhart, with Thomas F. this remark: “We doubt if any English for the Lincoln Administration. The Schwartz, as moderator. ambassador was ever address in this first shows a Santa Abraham placing The Association is pleased to wel- manner before, and would be glad to Union victories in the stocking of the come noted author and presidential learn what success he met with in United States. The second cartoon historian Doris Kearns Goodwin as putting the reply in diplomatic lan- shows a triumphant Santa Abraham, the banquet speaker. Elmer Gertz, the guage when he reported it to her fresh from his reelection victory and famed civil rights lawyer, will be the Majesty.” Lord Lyons did not act on trumping Jefferson Davis’s attempt at recipient of the Lincoln the Lawyer Lincoln’s admonition to him; he never achieving a compromise peace with a Award. The banquet be held in the married. war-weary North. Davis is shown ail- National City Bank atrium. Tickets ing in bed as Union military efforts all are $40 per person (tables of ten). For * William C. Harris is a professor of but assure the ultimate destruction of banquet reservations contact Linda history at North Carolina State the Confederacy. Culver at 217.747.5501. University. For the People 7

The Abraham Lincoln Association Endowment

by Robert S. Eckley such gifts or bequests can be found Inquiries are welcome, and should through the ALA Endowment Com- be directed to the Treasurer of the he Board of Directors took mittee. Abraham Lincoln Association. action at its October 8 meeting Tto establish an endowment fund. The purpose of the fund is to undergird the Association’s activities in perpetuating the understanding of Lincoln and, in particular, to enable it to fund ongoing research directed toward this objective. Currently, there is a need to revise and expand the Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, as well as to revise Lincoln Day By Day and add newly available information. Both of these projects were initiated and sponsored by the ALA. Recent joint sponsorship of the Lincoln Legal Papers project and the undertaking of the Electronic Lincoln Library have necessitated sep- arate fund-raising activities to enable the Association to finance them. No major capital campaign is con- templated; however, the Association would like to invite members to con- sider this need, and for those able and willing to do so, to incorporate it in their current giving or estate planning. Assistance to the donor’s legal counsel in finding appropriate ways to arrange

“Santa Claus Lincoln,” Comic Monthly, December, 1864

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP

Please enroll me as a member of the Mail this application (or a photo- Abraham Lincoln Association in the copy) and a check to: category indicated: The Abraham Lincoln Association 1 Old State Capitol Plaza ___ Individual ...... $ 25.00 Springfield, Illinois ___ Patron ...... $ 50.00 62701 ___ Sustaining ...... $ 125.00 ___ Benefactor ...... $ 250.00 Name______Corporate ...... $ 500.00 Street ______City ______Website: www.alincolnassoc.com Members residing outside the U.S State ______add $3.00 Zip ______8 For the People

Read a Good Book Lately? Unless otherwise indicated, all he Abraham Lincoln Associ- The Lincoln Legacy. The book is photographs are courtesy of the ation is pleased to offer two available in hardcover or paperback. Illinois State Historical Library, Tnew Lincoln books at reduced Allen C. Guelzo’s Abraham Springfield. prices. “For A Vast Future Also”: Essays Lincoln: Redeemer President offers the from the Journal of the Abraham Lincoln first intellectual biography of the For the People (ISSN 1527-2710) is Association is a compilation of the best Sixteenth President. Demonstrating published four times a year and is a articles on Lincoln’s presidency pub- that Lincoln was indeed attuned to the benefit of membership of the lished by the Association over the past intellectual debates and writings of his Abraham Lincoln Association twenty-five years. Edited by Thomas time, Guelzo explores the complete 1 Old State Capitol Plaza F. Schwartz, the book features such landscape of Lincoln’s intellectual Springfield, Illinois noted Lincoln authorities as Don E. development. 62701. Fehrenbacher, James M. McPherson, Both books are being offered to Edited and Designed by T. Harry Williams, John Hope Association members at a drastically William B. Tubbs Franklin, Phillip S. Paludan, and reduced cost until February 28, 2000. [email protected] William E. Gienapp. Fourteen essays To order copies, please fill out the explore three main themes: Lincoln form below (or a photocopy) and and the Problems of Emancipation; return it to the Abraham Lincoln Springfield, Illinois 62701. All checks Lincoln and Presidential Politics; and Association, 1 Old State Capitol Plaza, should be made out to “IHPA.”

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