DOCSLIB.ORG

Abstract Cash, Christine Bradish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ABSTRACT CASH, CHRISTINE BRADISH. (Under the direction of Dr. Gina Fernandez and Dr. Penelope Perkins-Veazie). Black and red raspberries are high value crops in great demand with health-conscious consumers. However, both crops lack up-to-date genetic resources that could be used to more rapidly develop cultivars for production in diverse climates. Black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis, 2n=2x=14) breeding and cultivation in the United States has been stagnated for the last 75 years due to lack of elite germplasm and adapted, disease resistant cultivars. Commercial red raspberry (Rubus idaeus, 2n=2x=14) production has been hindered in the southeast where cultivars are maladapted to the warm climate and fluctuating winter temperatures. Breeding goals for black and red raspberry have been centered around heat tolerance for over 50 years at North Carolina State University. Efforts are in in place to use applied and molecular breeding techniques to collect comprehensive phenotypic data and develop molecular tools for future black and red raspberry improvement. A series of studies were done to utilize and build on this framework. A linkage map was constructed (Chapter 2) and heat tolerance in black raspberry explored (Chapter 3), heritability of plant and fruit traits between diverse crosses of Rubus breeding germplasm was documented (Chapter 4), and diversity in Rubus germplasm characterized using traditional pedigree and molecular techniques (Chapter 5). Two mapping populations, ORUS 4304 (192 progeny) and ORUS 4305 (115 progeny), that segregate for aphid resistance were planted in 2012 at the Sandhills Research Station in Jackson Springs, North Carolina. These populations share a common wild germplasm parent selected for heat tolerance and fungal resistance in the Piedmont Region (NC 84-10-3). Between fall 2012 and summer 2015, phenotypic measures of vigor, fruit and plant traits, and heat tolerance were evaluated. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms and transferable microsatellite markers from black and red raspberry, a linkage map for ORUS 4304 was constructed. The maternal and paternal maps each contain seven linkage groups, with a total of 484 GBS SNP markers and 22 microsatellite markers, and was compared to the existing map for ORUS 4305. Based on phenotypic data collected over the three years in NC, three clones were selected that had heat tolerance, good fruit quality, and high vigor. These will be used in future breeding efforts as parental material. In addition, molecular and genomic tools developed for black raspberry in OR and NC will be used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and screen germplasm for important traits such as heat tolerance, winter hardiness, and aphid resistance. Introgression of wild species such as R. parvifolius has been crucial for the integration of heat tolerance and disease resistance in raspberry germplasm, yet there is less of an understanding the inheritance of traits in this species and intricacies of gene function at the molecular level. An incomplete diallel consisting of thirteen crosses between nine parents in four Rubus species was made and evaluated for a number of plant and fruit traits. Higher general combining ability (GCA) was observed for leaflet number and fruit color among female parents, and for fruit shape and spine color among male parents. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for fruit shape and cane color. Narrow-sense heritability ranged from 0.00-1.00; broad-sense heritability ranged from 0.21-1.00. Cane color and fruit shape had low heritability, spine density and spine color were moderately heritable, and leaflet number and fruit color were highly heritable, indicating varying degrees of genetic and environmental influence on the genetic control of each trait. In the future, we expect ‘genetic fingerprinting’, to become increasingly valuable for a breeding program for plant and nursery mix-ups, patenting and parental identification. Using a six microsatellite fingerprinting panel for Rubus, 226 selections and cultivars from the NCSU program were genotyped. A pedigree analysis tracing all 647 selections to 66 founding clones was performed in addition to the calculation of inbreeding coefficients, genetic contribution, and coefficients of relationship. Genetic distance calculations by traditional pedigree and molecular marker analysis were positively correlated. DNA fingerprinting and pedigree analysis will be catalogued for easy reference for patents, parent selections and trueness-to-type testing. Studies of Linkage Mapping, Trait Heritability, and Pedigrees for Breeding Improvement of Southeastern Black and Red Raspberry by Christine Bradish Cash A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Horticultural Science Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: _______________________________ _______________________________ Dr. Gina E. Fernandez Dr. Penelope Perkins-Veazie Committee Co-chair Committee Co-chair _______________________________ _______________________________ Dr. Susana Milla-Lewis Dr. Bode Olukolu Biotechnology Minor Representative _______________________________ Dr. Nahla Bassil ii DEDICATION In thanks and honor of Dr. Kneeland Nesius, who to this day is my favorite professor, taught me and many other students about plants with minimal resources, and truly inspired us to be better scientists. In memory of my undergraduate thesis advisor, Dr. Timothy Motley, who still had much to give to the plant world and who I know is dearly missed at ODU. Finally, a dedication to my father, who is the same stubborn person as me, but always encourages me to aim higher. I would have never gotten this far if you hadn’t taken the time to help me, teach me, and give me practical advice. iii BIOGRAPHY Christine is originally from Smithfield, Virginia. She holds a B.S. from Old Dominion University in Norfolk, VA with a major in Biology and a minor in Applied Mathematics. She moved to Raleigh, NC in 2010 to pursue graduate degrees in horticulture. She discovered plant breeding as a career option in her M.S., and the rest is…history! iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS …I realize I have been in this PhD program (and graduate school) for a significant amount of time, and that in that time I have met some amazing people that have taught me some amazing things, and have supported me in times when I have really needed it. I’m not sure I would have ever made it this far without any or all of you, and I know a line in this dissertation is hardly a thanks, but it is what I can offer you for now. Hopefully one day I can repay you suitably. Also, if I forget to thank you here in text, I’m terribly sorry. I don’t want to miss anyone, but sometimes the mind goes astray, especially when you’re writing your dissertation! In no particular order: • Gina, my advisor, who has been exceedingly patient through five years of questions, crises, etc. I know it may sometimes be lost, but I am still to this day overwhelmingly thankful to have had the opportunity to attend graduate school and to work with you on such a great crop like raspberries. Your willingness to include me in extension and outreach has been a wonderful opportunity for me to grow in both the academic and professional sense. With your help, my time at NC State has truly been more than school, and I thank you for preparing me practically for the future. • Penny, who obviously saw potential in me as her first graduate student, and hopefully still does as I finish under her (though she has had many come and go in the time I have still been here!). Throughout the course of graduate school, you have provided opportunities for me to present my research in places where I would never have been able v to travel otherwise and have given me the chance to expand my knowledge and learn how to network. I was very thankful to have the resources provided in your lab, and I have learned a lot from your perspectives. • Susana, thank you for serving on my committee. I admire your personal strength and your breeding program, and am glad to have had the opportunity to work with you and your students. Thank you for taking the time to help me and teach me • Bode, thank you much for agreeing to step in so close to the end. Your knowledge of GBS, linkage mapping, and markers in general has been exceedingly helpful to me as I have been ‘putting all the pieces’ together for the 4304 linkage map in these last couple of months. I have great faith that you will produce excellent research and develop genetic resources for the sweetpotato, and will be looking for your successes in the future! • Nahla, I am exceedingly glad that I met you at the beginning of my PhD. You are one of the kindest people I have ever met, and you made me realize that I was capable of doing things that were previously daunting in the molecular genetics lab. I want you to know how much I appreciate your patience whenever things got difficult for me in the lab, and that I was equally as frustrated as you must have felt that my progress was so stalled. Thank you for working with me, for providing me with positive feedback, and for making me a part of the black raspberry project. • To the faculty and staff of Horticultural Science at NCSU, I can’t thank you enough. You have been mentors and teachers, and I owe all of you my gratitude for your support. All of you have helped me in some way, whether it be with technical issues, general vi questions, or being there to encourage me and provide positive reinforcement. I am taking away a positive spirit from this program in addition to an excellent education, and it is because of the time we shared together.
Recommended publications
  • Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the Book Series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources Ed C

    Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the Book Series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources Ed C

    Volume 6 (Relatives of Temperate Fruits) of the book series, "Wild Crop Relatives: Genetic, Genomic and Breeding Resources ed C. Kole 2011 p179-197 9 Rubus J. Graham* and M. Woodhead Scottish Crop Research Institute, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The Rosaceae family consists of around 3, 000 species of which 500 belong to the genus Rubus. Ploidy levels range from diploid to dodecaploid with a genomic number of 7, and members can be difficult to classify into distinct species due to hybridization and apomixes. Species are distributed widely across Asia, Europe, North and South America with the center of diversity now considered to be in China, where there are 250-700 species of Rubus depending on the taxonomists. Rubus species are an important horticultural source of income and labor being produced for the fresh and processing markets for their health benefits. Blackberries and raspberries have a relatively short history of less than a century as cultivated crops that have been enhanced through plant breeding and they are only a few generations removed from their wild progenitor species. Rubus sp. are typically found as early colonizers of disturbed sites such as pastures, along forest edges, in forest clearings and along roadsides. Blackberries are typically much more tolerant of drought, flooding and high temperatures, while red raspberries are more tolerant of cold winters. Additionally, they exhibit vigorous vegetative reproduction by either tip layering or root suckering, permitting Rubus genotypes to cover large areas. The attractiveness of the fruits to frugivores, especially birds, means that seed dispersal can be widespread with the result that Rubus genotypes can very easily be spread to new sites and are very effective, high-speed invaders.
  • Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Black Raspberry (Rubus Occidentalis L.) Evaluated by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

    Genetic Diversity in Wild and Cultivated Black Raspberry (Rubus Occidentalis L.) Evaluated by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 2012 Genetic diversity in wild and cultivated black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) evaluated by simple sequence repeat markers Michael Dossett Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre Nahla V. Bassil United States Department of Agriculture Kim S. Lewers United States Department of Agriculture Chad E. Finn United States Department of Agriculture, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Dossett, Michael; Bassil, Nahla V.; Lewers, Kim S.; and Finn, Chad E., "Genetic diversity in wild and cultivated black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) evaluated by simple sequence repeat markers" (2012). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 1243. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1243 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Genet Resour Crop Evol (2012) 59:1849–1865 DOI 10.1007/s10722-012-9808-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Genetic diversity in wild and cultivated black raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) evaluated by simple sequence repeat markers Michael Dossett • Nahla V. Bassil • Kim S. Lewers • Chad E. Finn Received: 7 September 2011 / Accepted: 15 January 2012 / Published online: 26 February 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht (outside the USA) 2012 Abstract Breeding progress in black raspberry (Ru- (SSR), markers are highly polymorphic codominant bus occidentalis L.) has been limited by a lack of markers useful for studying genetic diversity, popula- genetic diversity in elite germplasm.
  • Does Mimicry Occur Between Fleshy-Fruits?

    Does Mimicry Occur Between Fleshy-Fruits?

    Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2005, 7: 1067–1076 Does mimicry occur between fleshy-fruits? K.C. Burns* Bamfield Marine Science Centre, 1 Pachina Drive, Bamfield, BC V0R 1B0, Canada ABSTRACT Goal: Test for mimicry in two bird-dispersed fruit species. Site: British Columbia, Canada Species: Rubus parviflorus Pursh and R. spectabilis Nutt. Background: Rubus parviflorus produces red fruits, while R. spectabilis produces both red and orange fruits. The two colour forms of R. spectabilis are otherwise similar, but birds prefer the red form. Both Rubus species are dispersed by the same frugivores, co-occur in close proximity, and have overlapping fruit phenologies, but birds prefer R. parviflorus fruits over R. spectabilis fruits. Experiment: I conducted a field experiment to test whether avian preferences for red R. spectabilis fruits are associated with their closer similarity to R. parviflorus fruits. Red and orange fruits of R. spectabilis were displayed in close proximity to R. parviflorus fruits, or close to R. spectabilis fruits. The latter served as a control. Results: The red form of R. spectabilis was removed more rapidly than the orange form when displayed close to R. parviflorus fruits. The difference disappeared in the control treatment. Conclusions: Birds appear to mistake the red form of R. spectabilis for R. parviflorus fruits when they are displayed close together. Keywords: birds, fleshy-fruits, frugivore, fruit colour, mutualism, seed dispersal. INTRODUCTION Some plant species produce brightly coloured seeds that superficially resemble fleshy-fruits yet offer no nutrient reward (see McKey, 1975; Van der Pijl, 1982; Schaefer et al., 2004). Previous experiments have shown that seed-dispersing birds sometimes mistake coloured seeds for similarly coloured fleshy-fruits (Foster and Delay, 1998; Galetti, 2002).
  • Transcriptome Sequencing and De Novo Assembly in Red Raspberry Fruit Development to Elucidates the Secondary Metabolite Pathways

    Transcriptome Sequencing and De Novo Assembly in Red Raspberry Fruit Development to Elucidates the Secondary Metabolite Pathways

    Journal of Berry Research 10 (2020) 497–511 497 DOI:10.3233/JBR-200552 IOS Press Research Report Transcriptome sequencing and de novo assembly in red raspberry fruit development to elucidates the secondary metabolite pathways Xiaojun Kanga, Wenxin Lia, Xuemei Zhangb, Yiwei Tangc, Zhilei Zhaod, Yuhong Gua,∗, Guohui Qib and Suping Guob aCollege of Life Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China bCollege of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China cCollege of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China dSchool of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding, China Received 3 March 2020; accepted 30 June 2020 Abstract. BACKGROUND: Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), known as “golden fruit”, has excellent potential for immune-regulation, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer due to its health-promoting secondary metabolites. The lack of genetic information in public databases has been a constraint for the genetic improvement of red raspberry. OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the work was to find the key genes relating with the secondary metabolite pathways. METHODS: De novo assembly transcriptome sequencing of red raspberry (‘Heritage’ variety) fruit in different development stages was performed using an Illumina Hiseq platform. Transcriptome was obtained by the de novo assembly through Trinity assembler. Coding sequences were successfully characterized using databases including non-redundant protein (NR), euKaryotic Ortholog Groups of proteins (KOG), Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Fragments Per Kilobase of transcript sequence per Million base pairs sequenced (FPKM) method was used to calculate the differentially expressed unigenes. RESULTS: In total, 205,880 unigenes with an average length of 1120 bp and an N50 of 2005 bp were obtained, of which 182,443 unigenes were annotated.
  • Transcriptome Assembly and Expression Analysis in Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides-Tolerant Rubus 7 Glaucus Benth

    Transcriptome Assembly and Expression Analysis in Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides-Tolerant Rubus 7 Glaucus Benth

    RESEARCH Transcriptome assembly and expression analysis in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides-tolerant Rubus 7 glaucus Benth. Juliana Arias1, Juan C. Rincón1*, Ana M. López1, and Marta L. Marulanda1 1Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología, Carrera 27 No. 10-02 Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia. *Corresponding author ([email protected]). Received: 9 April 2019; Accepted: 30 July 2019; doi:10.4067/S0718-58392019000400565 ABSTRACT Andean blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) is an important crop of the Andean region affected by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In Colombia, tolerant plant material has been detected, but it has not been completely characterized. The objective of this research was oriented to analyze de novo transcriptome assembly of R. glaucus, and the comparison of the assembly with different reference genomes to further complete differential expression analysis of R. glaucus tolerant to C. gloespoiorides attack. To achieve this, three groups were used: infected tolerant material, infected susceptible material, and a susceptible group without inoculation. The RNA-seq sequencing was achieved through Illumina Hi-seq 2000. De novo assembly (Trinity, CD-HIT, TopHat) and functional annotation of sequences were carried out, additionally, mapping with reference genomes belonging to Rosaceae families was conducted (Bowtie2, TopHat). Subsequently, the differential expression was quantified (Cuffdiff) and analyzed through EdgeR. Variant analysis was made using MISA and SAMtools. After editing and assembly, 43579 consensus sequences were obtained (N50 = 489 bp; GC = 44.6%), annotation detected 35824 and 35602 sequences in Nt (partially non-redundant nucleotide sequences) and Nr (non-redundant protein sequences) databases, respectively. The 85% of Nr sequences was linked to members of Rosaceae family, mainly strawberry (67.6%).
  • Appendix 2: Plant Lists

    Appendix 2: Plant Lists

    Appendix 2: Plant Lists Master List and Section Lists Mahlon Dickerson Reservation Botanical Survey and Stewardship Assessment Wild Ridge Plants, LLC 2015 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Acalypha rhomboidea Native 1 Forb 9 Acer palmatum Invasive 0 Tree 1 Acer pensylvanicum Native 7 Tree 2 Acer platanoides Invasive 0 Tree 4 Acer rubrum Native 3 Tree 27 Acer saccharum Native 5 Tree 24 Achillea millefolium Native 0 Forb 18 Acorus calamus Alien 0 Forb 1 Actaea pachypoda Native 5 Forb 10 Adiantum pedatum Native 7 Fern 7 Ageratina altissima v. altissima Native 3 Forb 23 Agrimonia gryposepala Native 4 Forb 4 Agrostis canina Alien 0 Graminoid 2 Agrostis gigantea Alien 0 Graminoid 8 Agrostis hyemalis Native 2 Graminoid 3 Agrostis perennans Native 5 Graminoid 18 Agrostis stolonifera Invasive 0 Graminoid 3 Ailanthus altissima Invasive 0 Tree 8 Ajuga reptans Invasive 0 Forb 3 Alisma subcordatum Native 3 Forb 3 Alliaria petiolata Invasive 0 Forb 17 Allium tricoccum Native 8 Forb 3 Allium vineale Alien 0 Forb 2 Alnus incana ssp rugosa Native 6 Shrub 5 Alnus serrulata Native 4 Shrub 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia Native 0 Forb 14 Amelanchier arborea Native 7 Tree 26 Amphicarpaea bracteata Native 4 Vine, herbaceous 18 2015 MASTER PLANT LIST MAHLON DICKERSON RESERVATION SCIENTIFIC NAME NATIVENESS S-RANK CC PLANT HABIT # OF SECTIONS Anagallis arvensis Alien 0 Forb 4 Anaphalis margaritacea Native 2 Forb 3 Andropogon gerardii Native 4 Graminoid 1 Andropogon virginicus Native 2 Graminoid 1 Anemone americana Native 9 Forb 6 Anemone quinquefolia Native 7 Forb 13 Anemone virginiana Native 4 Forb 5 Antennaria neglecta Native 2 Forb 2 Antennaria neodioica ssp.
  • Habitat Guidelines for Mule Deer: California Woodland Chaparral Ecoregion

    Habitat Guidelines for Mule Deer: California Woodland Chaparral Ecoregion

    THE AUTHORS : MARY L. SOMMER CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME WILDLIFE BRANCH 1812 NINTH STREET SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 REBECCA L. BARBOZA CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME SOUTH COAST REGION 4665 LAMPSON AVENUE, SUITE C LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720 RANDY A. BOTTA CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME SOUTH COAST REGION 4949 VIEWRIDGE AVENUE SAN DIEGO, CA 92123 ERIC B. KLEINFELTER CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME CENTRAL REGION 1234 EAST SHAW AVENUE FRESNO, CA 93710 MARTHA E. SCHAUSS CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME CENTRAL REGION 1234 EAST SHAW AVENUE FRESNO, CA 93710 J. ROCKY THOMPSON CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME CENTRAL REGION P.O. BOX 2330 LAKE ISABELLA, CA 93240 Cover photo by: California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) Suggested Citation: Sommer, M. L., R. L. Barboza, R. A. Botta, E. B. Kleinfelter, M. E. Schauss and J. R. Thompson. 2007. Habitat Guidelines for Mule Deer: California Woodland Chaparral Ecoregion. Mule Deer Working Group, Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 THE CALIFORNIA WOODLAND CHAPARRAL ECOREGION 4 Description 4 Ecoregion-specific Deer Ecology 4 MAJOR IMPACTS TO MULE DEER HABITAT 6 IN THE CALIFORNIA WOODLAND CHAPARRA L CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND SPECIFIC 7 HABITAT GUIDELINES Long-term Fire Suppression 7 Human Encroachment 13 Wild and Domestic Herbivores 18 Water Availability and Hydrological Changes 26 Non-native Invasive Species 30 SUMMARY 37 LITERATURE CITED 38 APPENDICIES 46 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ule and black-tailed deer (collectively called Forest is severe winterkill. Winterkill is not a mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus ) are icons of problem in the Southwest Deserts, but heavy grazing the American West.
  • DRAFT OAEC NATIVE PLANT LIST FERNS and FERN ALLIES

    DRAFT OAEC NATIVE PLANT LIST FERNS and FERN ALLIES

    DRAFT OAEC NATIVE PLANT LIST FERNS and FERN ALLIES: Blechnaceae: Deer Fern Family Giant Chain Fern Woodwardia fimbriata Dennstaedtiaceae: Bracken Fern Bracken Pteridium aquilinum Dryopteridaceae: Wood Fern Family Lady Fern Athyrium filix-femina Wood Fern Dryopteris argutanitum Western Sword Fern Polystichum muitum Polypodiaceae: Polypody Family California Polypody Polypodium californicum Pteridaceae: Brake Family California Maiden-Hair Adiantum jordanii Coffee Fern Pellaea andromedifolia Goldback Fern Pentagramma triangularis Isotaceae: Quillwort Family Isoetes sp? Nuttallii? Selaginellaceae: Spike-Moss Family Selaginella bigelovii GYMNOPSPERMS Pinaceae: Pine Family Douglas-Fir Psuedotsuga menziesii Taxodiaceae: Bald Cypress Family Redwood Sequoia sempervirens ANGIOSPERMS: DICOTS Aceraceae: Maple Family Big-Leaf Maple Acer macrophyllum Box Elder Acer negundo Anacardiaceae: Sumac Family Western Poison Oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Apiaceae: Carrot Family Lomatium( utriculatum) or (carulifolium)? Pepper Grass Perideridia kelloggii Yampah Perideridia gairdneri Sanicula sp? Sweet Cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Unidentified in forest at barn/deer fence gate Angelica Angelica tomentosa Apocynaceae: Dogbane or Indian Hemp Family Apocynum cannabinum Aristolochiaceae Dutchman’s Pipe, Pipevine Aristolochia californica Wild Ginger Asarum caudatum Asteraceae: Sunflower Family Grand Mountain Dandelion Agoseris grandiflora Broad-leaved Aster Aster radulinus Coyote Brush Baccharis pilularis Pearly Everlasting Anaphalis margaritacea Woodland Tarweed Madia
  • Bomen En Heesters Met Aantrekkelijke Bast of Takvorm

    Bomen En Heesters Met Aantrekkelijke Bast of Takvorm

    E613_dendro_bin 01-10-2007 08:53 Pagina 31 Bomen en heesters met aantrekkelijke bast of takvorm Ir. M.H.A. Hoffman In de wintermaanden valt er in de meeste tuinen en plantsoenen weinig te beleven. Veel gewassen hebben immers hun sierwaarde in het voor- jaar, de zomer of de herfst. Naast een enkele winterbloeier zijn er ech- ter ook vrij veel gewassen die vanwe- ge hun stam en takken in de winter sierwaarde hebben. Meestal vanwege een opvallende kleur of structuur van de bast of vanwege bijzondere takvormen. Dit geeft een welkome meerwaarde aan de planten. Niet in het minst omdat de meeste bomen en heesters bijna de helft van de tijd van het jaar geen blad of bloemen dragen. Dit artikel geeft achtergron- den over dit onderwerp en een over- zicht van het sortiment. Onderzoek Functie van bast In het kader van het onderzoeksproject “Sorti- De bast van bomen en struiken bestaat uit twee ment en gebruikswaardeonderzoek houtige delen. De binnenste, onzichtbare, laag is levend. gewassen en vaste planten” is onderzoek gedaan Hier bevinden zich de bastvaten die zorgen voor naar het thema aantrekkelijke bast en takvormen transport van water en voedingsstoffen van bij bomen en struiken. De gegevens zijn ont- boven naar beneden. Dit binnenste deel van de leend aan literatuuronderzoek en eigen ervarin- bast groeit vanuit het cambium, een dunne laag gen en waarnemingen. Een deel van het sorti- actief delende cellen tussen bast en hout. Naar ment, vooral de meest aantrekkelijke, zijn buiten toe worden door het cambium nieuwe opgeplant in de sortimentstuin Harry van de bastcellen afgezet, naar binnen toe nieuwe hout- Laar in Boskoop.
  • Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present Kim E

    Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present Kim E

    Rubus Pharmacology: Antiquity to the Present Kim E. Hummer U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Clonal Germplasm Repository, 33447 Peoria Road, Corvallis, OR 97333 Additional index words. ancient and traditional, medicine, blackberries, raspberries, Rubus Abstract. The genus Rubus L., indigenous to six continents, includes blackberries, raspberries, and their hybrids and is commonly referred to as brambles or briers. Rubus species were a food and medicinal source for native peoples soon after the Ice Age. This short article presents only a sample of the wealth of historical reports of medicinal uses for Rubus. Brambles were documented in the writings of the ancient Greeks: Aeschylus, Hippocrates, Krataeus, Dioscorides, and Galen; Romans: Cato, Ovid, and Pliny the Elder; Asian medicinal traditions; traditional Chinese medicine; and the Ayurvedic tradition of India. Folk traditions of native peoples throughout the world have also applied Rubus for multiple medicinal uses. Although in modern times Rubus is grown for its delicious and vitamin-rich fruit for fresh and processed product consumption, the ancients used the whole plant and its parts. Stems, branches, roots, leaves, and flowers were used in decoctions, infusions, plasters, oil or wine extractions, and condensates. Decoctions of branches were applied to stop diarrhea, dye hair, prevent vaginal discharge, and as an antivenom for snakebites. Leaves were chewed to strengthen gums and plastered to constrain shingles, head scurf, prolapsed eyes, and hemorrhoids. Flowers triturated with oil reduced eye inflammations and cooled skin rashes; infusions with water or wine aided stomach ailments. Greeks and Romans recorded female applications, whereas the Chinese described uses in male disorders.
  • Downloaded From

    Downloaded From

    Rubus strigosus Michx. Common Names: American red raspberry (1), wild red raspberry (6), grayleaf red raspberry (2). Etymology: “Rubus” is the latin word for blackberry/raspberry and “strigosus” is the latin word for thin (5). Botanical synonyms: Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke, Rubus melanolasius Dieck, Rubus neglectus Peck, Rubus carolinianus Rydb (2). FAMILY: Rosaceae, the Rose family (1) Quick Notable Features: ¬ Glandular-bristly stems ¬ Pinnately compound leaves with 3- 5 serrated leaflets, abaxially glaucous ¬ Perfect, white flowers with the sepals longer than the petals ¬ Red aggregate of drupelets that separates from the receptacle Plant Height: Rubus strigosus can reach up to 2m (7). Subspecies/varieties recognized (source 1,13): R. strigosus var. aberratus, R. strigosus var. acalyphaceus, R. strigosus var. albus, R. strigosus var. arizonicus, R. strigosus var. caudatus, R. strigosus var. eucyclus, R. strigosus var. heterolasius, R. strigosus var. strigosus, R. strigosus var. tonsus. Most Likely Confused with: Other members of the genus Rubus, such as Rubus occidentalis, Rubus idaeus, and Rubus neglectus. Rosa englanteria and Rosa setigera may also be similar in appearance (8,9). Habitat PreFerence: Rubus strigosus grows in open or disturbed areas with well drained soil (7,8). Geographic Distribution in Michigan: Rubus strigosus is found in most counties of the Upper and Lower Peninsulas (2). Known Elevational Distribution: R. strigosus was found at Mount Mitchell State Park (NC), at an elevation of 2,037m (12). Complete Geographic Distribution: R. strigosus is native to North America and widely distributed on the United States (AK, AZ, CA, CO, CT, DE, IA, ID, IL, IN, MA, MD, ME, MI, MN, MO, MT, NC, ND, NE, NH, NJ, NM, NV, NY, OH, OK, OR, PA, RI, SD, TN, UT, VA, VT, WA, WI, WV, WY), Canada (AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, NU, ON, PE, QC, SK, YT), and France (St.
  • The Plant List

    The Plant List

    the list A Companion to the Choosing the Right Plants Natural Lawn & Garden Guide a better way to beautiful www.savingwater.org Waterwise garden by Stacie Crooks Discover a better way to beautiful! his plant list is a new companion to Choosing the The list on the following pages contains just some of the Right Plants, one of the Natural Lawn & Garden many plants that can be happy here in the temperate Pacific T Guides produced by the Saving Water Partnership Northwest, organized by several key themes. A number of (see the back panel to request your free copy). These guides these plants are Great Plant Picks ( ) selections, chosen will help you garden in balance with nature, so you can enjoy because they are vigorous and easy to grow in Northwest a beautiful yard that’s healthy, easy to maintain and good for gardens, while offering reasonable resistance to pests and the environment. diseases, as well as other attributes. (For details about the GPP program and to find additional reference materials, When choosing plants, we often think about factors refer to Resources & Credits on page 12.) like size, shape, foliage and flower color. But the most important consideration should be whether a site provides Remember, this plant list is just a starting point. The more the conditions a specific plant needs to thrive. Soil type, information you have about your garden’s conditions and drainage, sun and shade—all affect a plant’s health and, as a particular plant’s needs before you purchase a plant, the a result, its appearance and maintenance needs.