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Public-Private Partnership in Building Sustainable Development of the Kuyavian- Pomeranian Voivodship

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Public-Private Partnership in Building Sustainable Development of the Kuyavian- Pomeranian Voivodship ISSN 2411-958X (Print) European Journal of September-December 2017 ISSN 2411-4138 (Online) Interdisciplinary Studies Volume 3, Issue 4 Public-Private Partnership in Building Sustainable Development of the Kuyavian- Pomeranian Voivodship Agnieszka Huterska Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management Nicolaus Copernicus University, Poland Abstract The main purpose of the article is to present both the implemented and conducted projects within the framework of public-private partnership. It discusses the influence of the activities undertaken by the local authorities on both the natural environment and the economic aspects of human life. Potential effects of project implementation within the public-private partnership in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian voivodship (province) on the development of the Voivodship are presented. Due to the difficult situation in the region, the citizens’ expectations to conduct investments and limited possibilities of increasing income, implementing projects within public-private partnership seems to be a favourable solution. Keywords: public-private partnership, sustainable development Introduction The main purpose of the article is to present both the implemented and conducted projects and project ideas within the framework of public-private partnership. The probable influence of the presented project ideas in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship (province) on the sustainable development of the Voivodship is indicated. The main research methods are the descriptive method and case study including the analysis of the projects conducted within the Public-Private Partnership in Poland including the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodship in particular. The Concept of Sustainable Development The concept of sustainable, self-sustaining development was used for the first time in a document of the World Nature Organization in 1980. Three years later, in 1983, the United Nations General Assembly established the World Commission on Environment and Development, called after its Chairwoman the Brundtland Commission. The Commission was supposed to analyse the main tendencies resulting from economic development and the shrinking of natural resources. “Our Common Future”, the Report of the Commission approved in 1987, advocated the need for such economic development that would be consistent with the principles of the management of natural environment. Emphasis was shifted from the protection of natural resources to satisfying basic needs of societies, poverty eradication and promoting civilizational development, leaving to future generations the possibility of choosing their way of development (Stawicka- Wałkowska, 2001, p. 6). Sustainable development means “a balance in ecosystems (ecological balance) and an equilibrium between economic, ecological and social aspects of economic development, that is, in other words, it guarantees political, economic, spatial and social governance, while the needs of future generations are also considered. Therefore, sustainable development should eradicate poverty and guarantee intra- and intergenerational social justice” (Górka, 2010, p. 11). “Sustainable development constitutes a long-term objective of socio-economic development of the European Union” (Górka 2010, p. 15). Taking care of the natural environment, which is manifested in among others respecting natural resources, is also an element of sustainable development (Łapińska, Huterska, Łapiński, 2017, p. 99). Territorial expansion, so typical for the functioning of contemporary cities, which leads to exploiting nature’s resources on the area of expansion (Huterska, Huterski, 2014, p. 135), should also take into consideration the assumptions of sustainable development. It can concern for instance revitalisation of decaying buildings and green areas in cities. 7 ISSN 2411-958X (Print) European Journal of September-December 2017 ISSN 2411-4138 (Online) Interdisciplinary Studies Volume 3, Issue 4 The role of local communities in implementing the rules of sustainable development was indicated in the Action Programme - Agenda 21 adopted during the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro from 3rd to 14th June 1992 (Górka, 2010, p. 21). The document includes among others social and economic issues such as poverty eradication, protection and promotion of human health, promoting permanent and sustainable development of human settlements, protection and management of natural resources in order to guarantee permanent and sustainable development, also complex planning and management of the Earth’s natural resources, strengthening the role of nongovernmental organisations – partners in activities promoting permanent and sustainable development, strengthening the role of business and industry towards the achievement of permanent and sustainable development (Agenda 21). The features of permanent and sustainable development include (Stawicka-Wałkowska, 2001, pp. 7-8): sustainability, which means the necessity to maintain the correct proportion of the balance of human development needs with the need to protect the environment and its resources, permanence, which concerns the changes of natural environment, which needs to be revalued, protected and shaped rationally, self-sustainability of development (in terms of maintaining reserves and creating new incentives for further development), achieved through respecting natural resources. The natural environment and spatial planning, including the type of building, infrastructure, socio-cultural structure connected with economic and political conditions, has a considerable impact on the quality of human life (Stawicka- Wałkowska, 2001, p. 8). During Habitat II, the United Nations Conference on Human Settlements, which took place in Istanbul in June 1996, the necessity to connect human issues such as guaranteeing decent living, working and resting conditions and economic governance with ecological governance was indicated, which would enable living in safe and healthy environment, in harmony with nature, being held responsible for its self-regeneration and development, avoiding degradation of the natural environment (Stawicka-Wałkowska, 2001, p. 9). The Resolution of the Sejm (the lower house of parliament) of the Republic of Poland of 2nd March 1991 obligated the government to submit Strategy for Sustainable Development of Poland by 30th June 1999. It was supposed to specify the directions of the country’s development until 2015. According to the Resolution, sustainable development was understood as such a model of development in which satisfying current social needs and the needs of future generations would be considered equal. The strategy was to harmoniously combine efforts to preserve the nation’s natural and cultural heritage with progress in civilisation and economy enjoyed by all social groups (Strategia zrównoważonego rozwoju, 1999, p. 2). Local governments received basic tools for implementing sustainable development strategy, that was creating development strategy, spatial planning, issuing location decisions and permits for using natural resources and introducing changes in it (Strategy for Sustainable Development of Poland, 1999, p. 22). The Strategy was in force until 2007, when a resolution of the Council of Ministers of 23rd October 2007 made it inapplicable (Ministerstwo Rozwoju Regionalnego, 2007, p. 78). Human construction activities involve significant degradation of the natural environment (Stawicka-Wałkowska, 2001, p. 23). It results from the necessity to consume the resources concerning among others using areas for construction purposes or direct consumption of resources. Modernisation and rehabilitation of buildings has also become an element of sustainable management of built-up areas (Stawicka-Wałkowska, 2001, p. 56). Through using already existing, often devastated buildings, it enables the limitation of further human expansion on new areas and it prevents creating degraded areas in cities. Public-Private Partnership Civilizational progress “expands the scope of public activities and the responsibility of the State for the socio-economic development, which the functioning of technical and social infrastructure and public entities do not keep pace with” (Perkowski, 2004, p. 97; Górka, 2010, p. 24). Attention is drawn to the fact that the private sector has infrastructural and financial effectiveness adequate to the implementation of such tasks (Perkowski, 2004, p. 97). 8 ISSN 2411-958X (Print) European Journal of September-December 2017 ISSN 2411-4138 (Online) Interdisciplinary Studies Volume 3, Issue 4 Cooperation of a public body, for instance of a municipality, with a private partner aims at enabling efficient execution of tasks conferred to a public entity (Prekowski, 2004, p. 97). It seeks to execute a specific business task, whereby nowadays public-private partnership is not limited to the traditional central government, a local government and the private sector. Nowadays partnership concerns also social, educational and health groups, many of which have been financed with both public and private funds (Geddes, 2016, p. 1). The rules governing the cooperation between a public entity and a private partner within public-private partnership are specified by the Act of 19th December 2008 on public-private partnership, Journal of Laws of 2015, item 696 as amended. Within the frames of public-private partnership, a public entity and a private partner jointly execute a specific project sharing tasks and risks (Art. 1 Point 2). According to
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