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Nuclear Power Need & Key Issues: Bangladesh Perspective

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Nuclear Power Need & Key Issues: Bangladesh Perspective Nuclear Power Need & Key Issues: Bangladesh Perspective By A.K.M. Ashraful Hoque (122405) Rafid Hasan Mahmud (122464) Rashed-Uz-Zaman Noor (122486) A Thesis Submitted to the Academic Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Islamic University of Technology (IUT) Gazipur, Bangladesh November 2016 i A dissertation on Nuclear Power Need & Key Issues: Bangladesh Perspective Submitted by -------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------- A.K.M. Ashraful Hoque Rafid Hasan Mahmud Student No. 122405 Student No. 122464 Academic Year: 2015-2016 Academic Year: 2015-2016 Date: …… Date: …… -------------------------------------------- Rashed-Uz-Zaman Noor Student No. 122486 Academic Year: 2015-2016 Date: …… Approved by -------------------------------------------- Dr. Md. Ashraful Hoque Professor and Head of the Department, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board bazar, Gazipur-1704. Date: …… Supervised by -------------------------------------------- Kazi Obaidul Awal Assistant Professor (Part time), Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board bazar, Gazipur-1704. Date: …… 2 This study is dedicated to our Parents 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank Almighty Allah firstly for successful completion of our thesis. We would like to express heartiest gratitude, profound indebtedness and deep respect to our supervisor Mr. Kazi Obaidul Awal, our supervisor for providing us proper guidance and support to complete our B.Sc thesis. His thoughts, dynamic and frank suggestions motivated us to find out in depth scenarios of this research work. Without their guidance, this thesis would be incomplete. 4 PREFACE On the eve of the special moments of golden jubilee of Bangladesh, the most buzzing word is ‘Digitalization’. Digital Bangladesh implies the broader use of computers and embodies the modern philosophy of effective and vibrant use of technology in terms of implementing the promises in education, health, job facility and poverty reduction. Broader implementation of technology cannot be imagined without the supply of adequate electricity. The energy resources to produce electricity is not sufficient enough to fulfill the current demand and will not be able to fulfil the future demand as well to build ‘Digital Bangladesh’. Bangladesh is an energy hungry country. The per capita energy consumption in Bangladesh is one of the lowest (321 KWH) in the world. At the same time, huge population density is creating enormous pressure on our power sector. Electricity is the constitutional right of every people. But only 40% of our total population has the access to electricity and the population is growing at geometrical rate and thus the possibility of meeting with the future ever growing demand of electricity is gradually going beyond our capability. The gross domestic product (GDP) or gross national product (GNP) of a country is entangled with the rate of per capita consumption of electricity. The inadequate production of electricity is affecting the standard of human life or human development index (HDI) of the people of our country. We have been envisioned that the contribution of industry to GDP will be increased to 40% by 2021 to make our country a developed one from the developing one. But the speed of enrichment is very slow due to lack of sufficient energy. All the power plants in our country use fossil fuels e.g. coal, oil, gas etc. for producing electricity. But there are many drawbacks such as environmental hazards, fluctuating prices, low efficiency, effect on human health, non-renewable, need of huge amount of reserves etc. Renewable energy e.g. solar energy, hydro energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, bio-energy etc. is another promising source of energy resource. But the problem is that the production of electricity from this sources are not technically competitive to meet the growing electricity need. Although hydro power, solar power and biogas are used in our country, their efficiency is not mentionable. Traditional energy sources emit greenhouse gases which affect the climate. Bangladesh being a coastal land is a victim to this climatic deterioration. Bangladesh signed 2015 Paris Agreement on the reduction of climate change. To reduce the climate change, alternative to traditional sources of electricity production must be brought into consideration. Considering the facts such as ever growing demand, limited resources, efficiency, production cost, environmental issues, Nuclear Energy is the best suitable option for electricity production in Bangladesh. 5 The primary objective of our study is to impose proper knowledge in a convenient way on Nuclear Energy to the mass people highlighting its good effects from several perspectives. Apart from this, to make people aware of the challenges behind the establishment of a Nuclear power plant and the measures to be undertaken to withstand those challenges. 6 Table of Contents Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….2 Declaration………………………………………………………………………………………………………......3 Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………………………………….4 Preface…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......5 Chapter 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Electricity ...................................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 Energy and Electricity............................................................................................................. 13 2.2 Electricity and Economic Development ................................................................................. 15 2.3 Primary Energy Sources ......................................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Fossil Fuels ...................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 Renewable Sources .......................................................................................................... 24 Chapter 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 27 Bangladesh .................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 General .................................................................................................................................... 27 3.2 Population ............................................................................................................................... 27 3.3 ECONOMY ............................................................................................................................ 30 3.4 DEVELOPMENT GOALS ..................................................................................................... 31 Chapter 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Nuclear Power ............................................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Nuclear Reaction:.................................................................................................................... 34 4.1.1 Nuclear Fission Reaction: ................................................................................................ 34 4.2 Nuclear Power Reactors .......................................................................................................... 36 4.2.1 Development .................................................................................................................... 36 4.2.2 Types ................................................................................................................................ 37 4.2.3 Evolution .......................................................................................................................... 43 4.2.4 Growth Trend ................................................................................................................... 45 4.3 Nuclear Fuel Cycle ................................................................................................................. 48 4.3.1 Front End ......................................................................................................................... 49 7 4.3.2 Back End .......................................................................................................................... 52 4.3.2.1 Open Cycle................................................................................................................ 52 4.4 Waste Management ................................................................................................................. 55 4.4.1 Nuclear Wastes ...............................................................................................................
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