Les Bassins D'eau Pluviale Autoroutiers En Région

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Les Bassins D'eau Pluviale Autoroutiers En Région Les bassins d'eau pluviale autoroutiers en r´egion M´editerran´eenne:Fonctionnement et Biodiversit´eEvaluation de l'impact de la pollution routi`ere sur les communaut´esanimales aquatiques Olivier Scher To cite this version: Olivier Scher. Les bassins d'eau pluviale autoroutiers en r´egionM´editerran´eenne: Fonction- nement et Biodiversit´eEvaluation de l'impact de la pollution routi`eresur les communaut´es animales aquatiques. Ecologie,´ Environnement. Universit´ede Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2005. Fran¸cais. <tel-00109123> HAL Id: tel-00109123 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00109123 Submitted on 23 Oct 2006 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THESE - UNIVERSITE DE PROVENCE - AIX-MARSEILLE I LES BASSINS D’EAU PLUVIALE AUTOROUTIERS EN REGION MEDITERRANENNE : FONCTIONNEMENT et BIODIVERSITE Evaluation de l’Impact de la Pollution Routière sur les Communautés Animales Aquatiques Olivier SCHER - DECEMBRE 2005 - UNIVERSITE DE PROVENCE – AIX-MARSEILLE I - UFR SCIENCES DE LA VIE, DE LA TERRE ET DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT - THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE PROVENCE Discipline : Ecologie des systèmes aquatiques continentaux présentée et soutenue publiquement le 9 décembre 2005 par OLIVIER SCHER LES BASSINS D’EAU PLUVIALE AUTOROUTIERS EN REGION MEDITERRANEENNE: FONCTIONNEMENT ET BIODIVERSITE EVALUATION DE L’IMPACT DE LA POLLUTION ROUTIERE SUR LES COMMUNAUTES ANIMALES AQUATIQUES Directeur de thèse : Pr. A. THIÉRY JURY M. R. CÉRÉGHINO, Professeur, Université Toulouse III Rapporteur M. B. OERTLI, Professeur HES, Ecole d’ingénieur HES de Lullier, Genève Rapporteur M. C. EMBLANCH, Maître de Conférence, Université d’Avignon Examinateur M. C. MIAUD, Maître de Conférence, Université de Savoie Examinateur M. B. SAJALOLI, Maître de Conférence, Université d’Orléans Examinateur M. A. THIÉRY, Professeur, Université de Provence Examinateur M. M. DESPRÉAUX, Attaché prévention pollution, Autoroutes du Sud de le France Invité Université de Provence, E.R. Biodiversité & Environnement, case 18, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France Remerciements Cette thèse a bénéficié du soutien de l’Association Nationale de la Recherche Technique (ANRT) au travers du programme CIFRE (bourse n° 609/2001) en collaboration avec les Autoroutes du Sud de la France (ASF). Je souhaite vivement remercier Régis CEREGHINO et Beat OERTLI pour avoir accepté d’être rapporteurs du présent travail malgré leurs emplois du temps, plus que chargés et leurs nombreuses obligations. Merci également à l’ensemble des membres du jury pour l’intérêt que vous avez tous témoigné pour cette étude et pour les échanges enthousiastes que nous avons pu avoir lors de différents congrès. Merci sincèrement de l’honneur que vous me faites en prenant part à mon jury de thèse. ------------------------------------------------- Je tiens à remercier deux personnes en particulier auxquelles je souhaite dédier ce travail. Tout d’abord Monsieur GONNET, mon instituteur à l’école primaire, qui a fortement encouragé ma passion pour la Nature, et grâce auquel elle est restée intacte depuis lors. Ensuite, Jean GRAZIANI, rencontré quelques années plus tard et qui, un jour d’été sur son île Corse, m’a définitivement convaincu de m’inscrire à l’Université afin, m’a t-il dit de vivre pleinement cette passion. Qu’il sache que ses encouragements m’ont poussé tout au long de mes études. ------------------------------------------------- Cette thèse n’aurait jamais vu le jour sans l’énergie déployée par Alain THIERY pour faire prendre conscience à une entreprise telle que les ASF de l’intérêt d’une étude d’Ecologie sur les bassins de bords d’autoroute. Je tiens à sincèrement te remercier de la confiance que tu m’as accordée en me proposant ce travail ainsi que pour la grande liberté d’action que tu m’as octroyée pour mener à bien ce projet. Cette étude n’aurait pu être menée à terme sans la forte implication de l’entreprise ASF tout au long du projet. Je tiens à chaleureusement remercier Philippe CHAVAREN pour tout ce qu’il a apporté à mon travail, pour ses points de vue, ses prises de position, sa présence à mes côtés lors de plusieurs colloques et sa très sincère sensibilité à la protection de l’Environnement. Je souhaite également remercier Marc DESPREAUX pour les nombreuses discussions que nous avons eues, pour son implication dans cette étude, pour ses conseils et le temps qu’il m’a accordé ainsi que pour la drague à sédiments qu’il a su dégoter quand le besoin s’en est fait sentir Je remercie également tous les membres de l’E.R. « Biodiversité et Environnement » pour leur accueil au sein du laboratoire de Biologie Animale (Plancton) de l’Université de Provence. J’adresse en particulier un très grand merci à Dalila qui a subi l’envahissement de son bureau par des montagnes d’échantillons, flacons et autres bizarreries et qui a su faire preuve de beaucoup de diplomatie !. Je sais que cela n’a été facile tous les jours d’avoir un collègue tel que moi et je m’excuse encore pour les désagréments causés par mes manipulations et tris de sédiment…J’ai vraiment apprécié ta présence et te souhaite le meilleur pour tes projets futurs, d’un côté ou de l’autre de la Méditerranée. Je tiens aussi à saluer Jean-Michel, pour sa bonne humeur communicative, sa sincérité, sa curiosité et sa grande disponibilité quelle que soit la nature de la demande ; Yvette, pour sa gentillesse inégalable ; Séverine, avec qui j’aurais aimé continuer à développer l’aspect « génotoxicité amphibiens » ainsi que Martine pour les discussions, toujours intéressantes, que nous avons partagées et ce, quelque soit le sujet abordé... A l’Université d’Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, je souhaite remercier l’équipe d’Hydrogéologie pour son accueil chaleureux et pour m’avoir permis de conduire toutes les analyses ioniques nécessaires. Merci à Roland SIMLER pour sa bonne humeur, son esprit pédagogique, sa patience et pour tous les logiciels super efficaces et pratiques qu’il crée tous les jours. ------------------------------------------------- Trois ans et demi, c’est aussi des rencontres et des amitiés liées au grès des échanges et discussions de couloir ou autres. Certaines personnes m’ont apporté beaucoup d’énergie, d’écoute et de conseils. En outre, ce sont des gens passionnés par leur travail qui savent partager et communiquer leur foi dans la chose scientifique. Je tiens avant tout à saluer Nicolas, dit « Stolz », partenaire de galère doctorale et grâce auquel la vie à St Charles a été bien plus agréable. Merci à toi pour tous ces repas partagés dans la cour sous le soleil de Marseille à refaire le monde, discuter de musique ou de nos soucis de protocoles et d’analyses…J’espère que toi aussi, tu boucleras vite ton manuscrit et que tu pourras trouver un truc sympa à faire du côté de la Drôme ou de l’Ardèche ! Un très grand merci à Gabriel, naturaliste chevronné, pour les moments passés sur le terrain, à courir après les papillons ou les micromammifères, travail régulièrement récompensé par de bonnes bières belges agrémentées de pâtisseries chocolatées martiguaises. Il n’y a que toi capable de proposer de la glace à la mangue sur le terrain, en plein cagnard, grâce à ton thermos hongrois magique ! Je souhaite adresser des remerciement particuliers à Jeff et lui témoigner ici ma profonde amitié. Merci à toi pour le soutien énorme que tu m’as pas hésité à m’apporter au cours de la rédaction de mon manuscrit ainsi que pour tes points de vue toujours éclairés et tes commentaires qui ont contribué à l’amélioration effective des articles et du manuscrit. Je regrette de ne pas t’avoir rencontré plus tôt mais j’espère que nous pourrons bosser ensemble prochainement, pourquoi pas un jour sur les micromam ? Pour leurs diverses contributions, que ce soit sur le terrain ou dans le partage d’idées et de réflexions, un grand merci à Mathieu pour les odonates et le chapardage de poires dans les vergers provençaux, à Jean-Philippe pour le coup de main bota, à Christiane, NVM et Laurent pour les sorties amphibiens, à Kate pour les manips substrats et ses corrections de l’anglais, à Evelyne FRANQUET pour le coup de main sur les chironomes, à Frédéric AZEMAR pour les confirmations de détermination cladocères, à Danielle DEFAYE pour les copépodes, à l’ami Philippe à Ouagadougou, à Lolo pour m’avoir initié à cet incroyable outil qu’est Illustrator, à Maurice ROUX pour les approches analytiques, à Bernard pour le prêt d’aquariums, à Marlene de Stockholm, à Manu pour les discussions naturalistes et tout ce qu’il m’a appris sur les chauves-souris, à Fred du bureau d’en dessous, à Yvan du bureau d’au-dessus et à Antoine, grand passionné des amphibiens de la Nouvelle-Zélande à la Guyane. ------------------------------------------------- D’un point de vue plus personnel, je voudrais remercier Marie pour tout ce qu’elle m’apporte depuis bientôt six ans. Merci de m’avoir appris à développer un regard plus critique sur mon travail, à me poser plus de questions et à arrêter d’avancer tout le temps la tête dans la guidon…Je sais que la fin de rédaction a été dure à vivre pour toi, je te remercie d’avoir été patiente. Le retour en Camargue depuis une année m’a permis de revenir sur mes terres d’avant thèse où j’ai pu compter sur le soutien des anciens objos et consorts : merci à NVM et Sophie, à Antoine « Brandade » et Claire, à Damien et Petra, à Aura et Christophe, à Lolo et Steph, à Nico et Fred, à Ping et Laura, à Steph et Mathieu, à Fabrice et Céline, à Anthony et Katia, à Klein, à Mimile, à Marco et à Olivier et Sandy.
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